The Sun. — London, England, 1844-10-03 00:00:00

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. • 17.0 X TEE EVENING PAPERS OF YESTERDAI. • • STANDARD.—The measures of the present Government suffer much injustice when compared with those of almost any other Government within • memory. They are distinguished from the different systems of Government measures with which we have been made fanirliar in this—their not being introduced for any merely party purpose ; they are constructed for endurance. That the measures of Sir Robert Peel's Cabinet are not directed to gratify the wishes, or to promote the present interest of any party, is abundantly proved, on one side, by the resentment with which these measures are pretty generally received by all short sighted and self-seeking Conservatives ; on the other, by the obvious fact, that the non-Conservative Party is too weak to render the conciliation of that party an object of importance in party war fare. This process of government, with regard principally to the future, involves a consider able sacrifice of party support on the part of those who use it ; but it is the best for the country, , and the most faithful even in respect to party principles. The defect in free governments — a defect which goes far to balance the great advan tages possessed by such governments in intelligence, energy, and public spirit—is the instability of insti tutions and the variety to which, from the nature of the democratic spirit, the policy of such governments is subject. Were it not for this defect, the free governments of the earth would have long since left despotically governed states much farther behind them, than they have done, in the career of civilisation and social pros perity. The first consideration with the wise states men of a free country, therefore, will be to remedy this defect as far as it is capable of being reme died, by placing all the valuable institutions of the nation, and all its important interests, in a position to protect and to perpetuate themselves, and to insure that into whatever hands the sidministration of affairs may fall, by the caprice of Prince or people, the policy to be pursued shall be that which wisdom and patriotism approve. •These provisions for the future can, however, Lordly be made with the entire concurrence of any party—for party rarely looks beyond the present moment, and almost as rarely is party perfectly rea sonable. Institutions and interests, therefore, mo dified and protected exactly in the spirit of party, will not be modified and protected so as to remain perfectly reasonable for the future, if they are so at the time when the arrangements are made; then will come excuses for further changes, to which party interest will have supplied motives, and the work effected with too much heat on one side, will be destroyed by an opposite zeal on the other. It is an error very prevalent with common reasoners in politics, to sup , pose that a people constant in principles, as the people of England we believe are, must be so constant in a vigilant and jealous care for those principles as to re move them from all danger. We have had proof, in eleven years of Whig government, that this is very far from being the case. The people of England were as deeply devoted to the Protestant religion at that time when their Government was dealing to it "heavy blows and great discouragement," as when they dismissed the Stuarts or dismissed Lord Mel bourne, but they had rashly confided power to a bad Parliament and a bad Government, while they were 'led astray in pursuit of another object. What has ',happened before may happen again. Indeed, we have lately seen an attempt made by the same Whigs to steal again into office by a side door (an Euro pean war), and if they had succeeded in ex citing the people *to the desired madness upon the particular point which they pressed, they . would have come into power little obstructed by their noto rious disregard of the religions and all the other most important interests of the r•ountry; as the peop ,le when highly excited, rarely thin!Ssesf anything but that which excites them. The Whig:;. how- Qv er, in power as a popular war Ministry, avS'ald soot avail themselves - of anything anomalous, or in appearance (though in appearance only) unreasonable, to gratify their adherents by the sacrifice of the institution or interest in whiA,it should be found. There is, it is true, happi!ir, no present appearance of such a calamity as a Whig Government, but the visitation seemed almost as distant in 1828, and statesmen would be without excuse if they did not profit by the experience of the last sixteen years. That the statesmen who occupy the seat of Government are resolved to pesfit by that expe rience, and to leave the couiAry safe, even in the hands of a Whig Administration, is manifest from their exertions to settle every great 'institution and interest in the country, upon a r a loting to protect and perpetuate itself—because on a noting so manifestly just and reasonable, and even mosies• rate, that any attack upon it must appear a de claration of war on principle against the object attacked, a declaration which, when the object of the attack is prized by the people, will always recoil fatally upon him who makes it. In one word, the policy of the reforms of the last three years has been devoted to place for ever in the wrong the assailants of all the great institutions and interests of the country, to bring these institutions directly and constantly under the protection of the public opinion ; and thus to make the personnel of the Government a matter almost of indifference. We all see that these reforms are effected at some cost of party support ; and otherwise it is impossible to deny that they are disinterested and patriotic. GLOBE.—The Game-laws continue to find em . ploy ment for the Buckinghamshire magistrates. Not a session of the Ashenden Bench is holden but there are cases brought before this Petty Sessions of of fences against the statutes " made and provided" for the preservation of game. The clergy who are in the eommission of the peace seem to be the most regular in their attendance, and most zealous in the discharge of their magisterial functions, and most severe in their sentences upon the poverty-stricken creatures who are convicted .before them of poaching—that ", high crime and misdemeanour" in the eyes of a game preserving 'squire, and . more especially so, of a game-preserving clergyman. The cherished indig nation of the latter against the crime is sharpened by his charitable desire to reclaim the criminal. If the salutary pains and penalties of the law can stop the perpetration of the offence, it is obvious that it be comes a special duty in the clerical magistrate to take care that the discipline do not fail of producing its effect, through any lack of the quantity admi nistered to the offenders. This may account for the proverbial severity of clerical magistrates. It is, possibly, fur thie also, among other reasons, that cler gymen are selected for the office. The functions of the Bench, whence the law deals forth its terrors, may appear, at first sight, somewhat detrimental to the in fluence of the parish priest : it may appear incon gruous that God's messenger of mercy to sinful men should on the Sabbath preach forgiveness of sins, on the terms of forgiving the trespasses committed • against them ; and, on the following day, doom to the containinatioi and punishment of a gaol, and their wives and children to the privations of a workhouse, a number of their erring fellow-men, who have " trespassed " on the lands of some rich man —perhaps on their o wn l an d—" i n p ursu it o f game.' We have often thought the two functions sadly at variance with each other—that the higher and holier was in danger of being neutralised by the secular. Wo have wondered that clergymen will consent to compromise their sacred voca • tion by holding both. The consideration we have suggested may account for their doing so—al though we are not quite sure that even this is a sufficient justification for the injury which their clerical character and influence must sustain by the association. We, however, leave the vain and unsatisfactory speculation, as to the propriety of as junction of the two apparently antagonistical offices of clergyman and magistrate, to adduce fur ther instances of the working of the Game-laws in the county which gives a ducal title to the " farmer's friend," and agricultural labourers' benefactor. We are indebted for these further instances to the' vigilance of the same correspondent from whom we received those kindred statements to which we last week drew attention in an article on the same subject :—" At the Asheridon Petty Sessions yester day (Monday), before T. T. Bernard, Esq., and the •Revs. George Chetwode, Thomas Martyn, and J. S. Baron—Thomas Botley, a young man, of Grendon Underwood, was brought up in custody, handcuffed, having been apprehended under a warrant on the preceding day (Sunday), charged, on the information of Thomas Plested, one of . the Rev. G. Chetwode's gamekeepers, with having on the 18th October, 1843, used a gun for the destruction of game, in the parish of Boarstall. Thomas Hoperaft, one of Mr. Chetwode's lookers out,' deposed that he saw the prisoner on the day in question shoot a hare, which was picked up by a com panion of the prisoner. The complainants had been unable to ' catch defendant for this offence before.— Fined 51. ; costs, 10s. 6d.; to be paid forthwith ; in default, to be imprisoned in Aylesbury gaol for three ca lendar months, with hard labour.—Committed." There are .several circumstances in this short narra tive which deserve to be specially noticed. The ma gistrates present were three clergymen arid one layman ; the offender was " handcuffed • " as though charged with on e o f t h e most heinous Crimes known to the law ; to secure whom from the possi bility . of escape, the most stringent precautions were necessary. The sanctity of the Sabbath had been violated by the constables; who, doubtless, held themselves fully justified in neglecting their re ligious duties to apprehend and secure so great a criminal. The Rev. Mr. Chetwode and the other clerical magistrates who were associated with . him on Monday in convicting this poacher, do not semi to have reproved the constables for neglecting • "their church on the preceding day ; they probably, when enforcing the observance of the fourth com mandment, make a special exception in favour of persons to whom the apprehension of poachers is entrusted by warrants issued by themselves. The lapse of 'time since the commission of the offence does not seem to have been considered by these magistrates. The man might have obtained work, and by plying his powers of labour be now able to maintain his family. This seems to have had no effect in obtaininc , for him the favourable consideration of the Bench. The magistrates sent him to the county prison for three months. The abolition of the Game-laws must form a part of any comprehensive and efficient series of legislative mea sures for the improvement of the social condition of the people. We feel persuaded that the temptations which they offer to the labouring part of the agri cultural population to the commission of offences which will never be regarded by them as breaches of the law of property ; and the estrangement of affection from the landlords which' the punishments inflicted upon the poor half-starved labourers produce, and the indignation to revenge which they supply, are at the root of many of the crimes against property that have prevailed of late in the agricultural districts. While these crimes, when their perpetrators are de tected and convicted, must call forth severe punish ment, it is the duty of the Legislature to place as many obstructions as possible in the way of their commission, and especially to see that the poor are not driven, by.desperation, to seek what has been de signated, " the wild justice of revenge." MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS. CITY, TUESDAY EVENING. TIMES.—We hare received several letters, animad verting rather severely on the practice of quoting the shares of those railway companies who have as yet re ceived no Parliamentary sanction. The objection is made on the ground that such quotations are an indirect encouragement to gambling. The fact is, that the transactions which are recorded by these quotations are among the most important in the Stock Exchange, and, perhaps more than any other, attract the attention of those who reflect on the present state and ultimate pro spects of the Money-market, during the abundance that is likely to continue under the influence of the low rate of discount, the plenteousness of the harvest, the peace ful relations with foreign countries, and the payment of the dividends. To use a common phrase of the day, every one is " running into railroads," and as it is im possible to distinguish between bona fide transactions and those merely speculative, we must adopt the alter native of pursuing our present course, or of withhold ing information which, we believe, the majority of City readers consider highly important. If, in spite of repeated warnings, this mere dry record of business tempts people to reckless gambling, we can only say that we regret it ; but if we allowed this consideration to prevail too much, we should be obliged to cease from quoting the time bargains in the different stock-markets. Our office is to report business actually done, and if no tions of some indirect mischief that may arise from such a course were to induce us to pass over a number of transactions in silence, we should no longer convey a correct impression of the state of the money-market. With respect to a remark that certain quotations must be incorrect because the shares could be obtained at the office whence the scrip is issued at a lower rate than the reported market price, it is to be observed, that many persons purchase scrip in the market who would be un willing to put their names to a deed in the infancy of a concern. Besides, it is possible that a company may not have so many shares to dispose of as the applicants re quire, and in that case the latter have no other course but to go into the market and purchase. Many of these sort of bargains are, it is true, purely speculative, but still they are as much bargains as anything else, and mark the direction of capital. The premium on gold at Paris is 10i per mille, which, at the English Mint price of 3/. 17s. 141. per ounce for standard gold, gives ax exchange of 25 41 ; and the exchange at Paris on London at short being 25 50," it follows that gold is 0.33 per con . dearer in London- than in Paris. By advices from Hamburgh the price of gold is 4341 per mark, which, at the English Mint price of 3/. 17s. 1014 F per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of 13 9, and the exchange at Hamburgh on London at short being 13 10, it follows that gold is 0.11 per cent. dearer in London than in Hamburgh. The course of exchange at New York on London is 11 per cent., and the par of exchange between Eng - l an d a ,74:1 America being 109 23-40 per cent., it follows that the e.: change is 0.43 per cent in favour of England But the quote exchange at New York being for bills at GO days' sight; the interest must be added to the above difference. A brief history of the ...inerican cotton trade for the year furnishes facts which are well worthy being made matter of record. It is stated ti,:kt the spring of 1843 wes late and unpropitious for plantil" . Z, but it was not till August that the subject of the crop :ttracted atten• tion, when, in consequence of a speculative hiding being excited at New York, great anxiety was mani,C 4 sted for information, especially during the picking season and the period when frost first appeared in the south. The month of September was the time when prices first aj vanced, on the opinion that the crop would be short, and the business transacted on this assumption caused an improvement of three-quarters of a cent. per pound. A check, however, was subsequently given to specula 'let by the success attending the gathering, and the little ..'inpression produced on our side of the Atlan tic b y the movement. Prices having receded to their former . level, no material change took place till November; when the advice' of heavy and conti nuous rains in the principal southern and western states having act'd upon the New Orleans and neighbouring markets, created much speculation, and the result was, that quotations rapidly advanced, exports were restricted, any. Mocks accumulated in the south. It was now that estimates of the crop were first ventured on ; 1,600,000 !Ales were said to be about the quantity, while even the n. - ceit sanguine ad mitted that 1,850,000 bales was a fair sq . erage, and hence it was calculated, cer t a i n l y , t h at t h e dish and ether transatlantic 'm a rk e t s w ou ld b e f orce d 111;:' vdo laia rge profit profit made out of the foreign consumer. ... r the middle of November to the middle of January t. condition of affairs continued, and in New York on the 12th of the latter month the highest point was attained, fair uplands being quoted at 10ic. to 101 c., and fair Orleans at 11c. to l l c. per pound. The first re-action produced in the American markets was by the news re ceived on the 16th of January from Liverpool of a slight decline in that town, the advices stating that the Man chester spinners, instead of being willing to pay a specu lative price for the staple, or even the advance already established, were combining together, not only to prevent the market going higher, but to effect a reduction, by working short time, using up their stocks, 'and limiting their weekly consumption to the extent of one-half of their usual purchases. This had the effect of rendering the speculators more cautious, and many were inclined to pause in their operations. The decline in price was, however, but temporary, and at the beginning ofFebruary the feeling in favour of advance was again predominant, because it was considered that the fact of decreased exports and the firmness manifested in the mar- keis of New York, New Orleans, and Charleston, would establish an opinion in England concurrent with that prevailing in America relative to the crop. On the 20th of February Liverpool accounts were received in New York, stating that fair uplands had reached 6d., and fair Orleans 6id. per lb., with the report of the eaten • sive sales which had taken place in that town during the latter part of January, the quantity disposed of during the week ending the 3d of February amounting to 109,500 bales, exceeding by 8,660 bales the memorable week ending the 23d of April, 1825, and the greatest amount ever sold in the same time. It appears, how ever, that this intelligence did not create the wished-for stimulus, and prices drooped under the disappointment prevailing. The steamer that left for England on the Ist of March took qut increasedestimates of the crop, and the amount was roundly stated as being 2,000,000 bales, which, with positive orders to sell at the market price, under the peculiar feeling in America and England, soon brought the fall that for some time previously had threatened to occur. In America it was evident that prices could not be much longer supported, since the total receipts of the article amounted to 1,181,694 bales, while the total exports were only 419,682 bales, of which but 282,474 bales had been shipped to Great Britain, the stocks in all the ports in the meanwhile having run up to 620,994 bales, of which New York alone held 152,000 bales. The consequence of this po sition of affairs was, that a general desire to sell became apparent, and the decline in the New York market in the month of March was fully lie. per pound. In the month of April prices further declined, the Liverpool accounts showing the effect of the increased estimates, and the large shipments making for export from Awe ribs. During the months of May, June, and July prices remained without . material alteration, the fluctua- tions not exceeding 4c. per pound. Since August a further fall has taken place of lc. per peund, the re sult of the unusually heavy stocks, and the flattering prospects of the next crop. It is said, and most truly, that the fluctuations here exhibited satisfactorily demon strate the , folly of transacting business on the faith of the early estimates which are from time to time made of the crop, and those probably the production of in terested parties, who are ready to seize every opportu nity they can, at whatever risk or cost, to make an ad vantageous market for themselves. The total receipts of cotton for the year 1843-44 have amounted to 2,030,409 bales. • Tho manufacturers of America have taken for their own consumption during the year 346,744 bales, which is an increase of 21,615 bales com pared with last year. Many new mills are said to have been built, and more are in course of erection, which is made the foundation of an opinion that the domestic consumption of the United States is destined in future to exercise a much greater influence upon the price of the raw material than has hitherto been the case. MYSTERIOUS DEATIL—An inquest was held on Monday afternoon, before Mr. Higgs, at the Monster Tavern, George-row, Pimlico, on the body o f Sara h Smalley, aged thirty-six, who was found dead under the following c i rcums t a nc e s :—Deceased, on Satur day even ing last, was at the Bag of Nails, Pimlico, drinking with her husband and a young man named Innis, an engineer. She left shortly after on an errand for her husband, Innis leaving shortly after her. About nine o'clock she was found in Waterworks lane, near the wooden bridge, Pimlico, sitting on the ground in a dying state. She never spoke, and expired before medical aid cou ld b e procure d . A wed ding-ring, which the husband swore was on her finger an hour previou s ly, was not to be found, and force must have been used in removing it from her hand. Innis was subjected to a severe cross-examinatio n by the jury, he being the person who found th e b o d y; b ut nothing could be elicited throwing any light on the mysterious affair. The mark of the . ring was on the finger of the deceased, but no marks of violence on any part of the body. Ver dict—“ Died by the visitation of God." BOROUGH OF MARYLEBONE REGISTRATION. (Before D. C. MOYLAN, Esq.) The revision of the lists of voters for St. Maryle bone parish was resumed yesterday at the Court house, Marylebone-lane. Referring to the objection made by the Conservatives against the name of Samuel Colver, of 39, Earl-street East, who was objected to on the ground that he had been relieved of his assessed taxes, and with respect to which the Revising Barrister reserved his decision, Mr. Young a collector, stated that Colver had been re lieved of one year's assessed taxes, amounting to a 10s. 9d., by the Commissioners, to whom he applied for that purpose, and who acceded to his request on the score of poverty. He was relieved of them for the year ending in April last. Mr. Allen said the question was, whether a person who had been relieved of his assessed taxes, was in the same position as a person who had paid them ? The REVISING BARRISTER allowed the objection, and quoted several clauses from the Act in support of his decision. He held that a person who had not paid his assessed taxes, and a person who had been relieved of them, to be placed in the same position, and neither to be entitled to vote.—Objection allowed. The Conservatives hare sustained nearly 100 objec tions on similar grounds. The REVISING BARRISTER also gave his decision in a case of considerable importance to persons who occupy lodgings, which will have the effect of considerably aug menting the number of electors for the borough. Two persons, named Smith and Watts, the former ccupying the second, and the latter the first floor, of a house, No. 6, Great Carlisle-street, for which they respectively paid ss. 6d. and 65., claimed to have their names placed on the register. The land lord did not reside in the house, but he paid the rates. He stated that the value of the house was 331. a-year. Although opposed, the claims were allowed by the Re vising Barrister. The revision will terminate to-morrow. LAW INTELLIGENCE. COURT OF BANKRUPTCY, Oct. 2. (Before Sir G. F. WILLIAMS.) IN THE MATTER OF WILLIAM DUNN, AN INSOLVENT. Mr. STURGEON said that before the regular business was entered upon, he wished to make an application in the cats of William Dunn, an insolvent, who was now in custody at the instance of his creditors. Sir C. WILLIAM said that as the ease had been part heard before another Commissioner, he should not wish to enter upon it. Such a course would be inflicting trouble and expense upon the creditors—two things he (Sir C. Williams) was most anxious to avoid—as they would be obliged to attend before any new Commissioner, in order to show cause why the insolvent should not be emancipated. He, therefore, would rather that the pre sent application should be made to the Commissioner before whom the insolvent had already been. • Mr. STURGEON had .been instructed to apply to Sir Charles Willianis.—(A. laugh.) Probably the well known humanity of the Hon. Commissioner was the reason. Sir C. WILLIAMS was always most anxious to alle. vista their condition, but he must also act with strict justice to the body of the creditors. Mr. STURGEON then withdrew his application. IN THE CASE OF WILLIAM HENRY CLARKE. Mr. SMITH applied that the Court should extend its protection to the insolvent until he could pay into the hands of the messenger of that Court the sum required for advertisements, &c., before he could receive his final order. It was understood that he would sot be opppoaod by any'of the creditors. The protection of the Court was granted till the 4th of November. 1N TUE CASE OF DANIEL SPILLEN. Sir C. WILLIAMS —I see Dr. Spillen that your debts are above 2001. while your schedule only shows a credit account of 25/. What is it for Dr. Spillen explained that it was a work. be had written upon the subject of Greek versification for a master of King's College, who had afterwards been dis missed from his situation, and the book was therefore tensettled for. Sir C. WILLIAM—Mon in fact you have not a shilling in the world. Dr. Spillen—Not one. Sir C. Viriwalts was very sorry to see a. man of acknowledged abilities under such distressing circum stances, and he would, therefore recommend Dr. Spillen to take his final order under the, late Act, which the new Act did not in any way supersede. Such a course would relieve him from all processes for the future, and prevent a further expense. Dr. Spillen said he would be happy to do so. The final order was then granted. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. (YESTERDAY.) MANSION-HOUSE. Mr. Frederick Salmon, the superintending surgeon to the Charter House-square Infirmary, appeared be fore Sir Peter Laurie, to answer the complaint of Miss Rosetta Philadelphia Tapley, and (according to the wording of the summons) to show cause Why he detained certain papers and otherproperty, being the Twoperty of William Tapley, M.D., of whom the com plain:lit, is the daughter and legal personal reFe sentative. Mr. John Walmsley, of North-street, Westminster, solicitor, stated that he appeared upon the part of the complainant, and it became his duty to detail some remarkable transactions in exhibiting the merits of his client's case. Dr. Tapley, some time ago, went down to Gravesend for the benefit of his health, and until he repaired to that place he had exhibited no aberration of intellect. Within the last few weeks, however, he had not only been pronounced insane, but been removed altogether, together with his bonds, documents, and plate, from that place to town by Mr. Salmon and .Mr. Burford, the Doctor's brother?inplaw, as a parson of disordered intellect, and finally placed in Doctor Warburton's asylum upon the strength of a certificate. Now, the object of the young lady was to obtain possession of the papers, &c. &c., as next of kin to the Doctor. Sir Prrza LAURIE—I wish to state, before you p. ..oceed further, that I granted this summons as the Ntt matter is connected with a lunatic asylum, st. and I ki.‘T that every case of alleged insanity ought , -ske most complete, investigation. Ifeel the to undergo of the kind in conse more strongly '4ll an occasion 4 1 quence a the rect . ,„ exposure of the case of the son of old friend Campi, `, O LI the poet and I am convinced my that inquiry, as far as is • intellectual malady by. p r ac ticable in cases of alleged eve., . magistrate, is calculated ,insanity, b ut th to effect great public good. isE t tl Sir Peter Laurie Mr. Salmon entirely agreed V. ••••r the most scru in the opinion as to the necessity . pulous investigation into all cases o. with e could not refrain from expressing himst' ci utmost indignation at being summoned to' ''''.`. ll3wer t charges, the mere mention of which reflected a 4 ' llos i intolerable imputation upon his character. He trus....' 44 ‘ t that as the Alderman had granted a summons, the whole of the circumstances would be most minutely gone into. For his own part, he should waive all technical objections and difficulties. Sir P. LAURIE intimated that he should not swear any witness, as, if it so happened that his interference would prove ineffectual, the case must necessarily go before a different sort of tribunal. He was led to adopt such a course as the present, as he had often, by seasonable interference, checked the fierce impulse of an attorney's bill, for which those on both sides thanked, and had good cause to thank him. The summons having been read, Sir P. LAURIE called upon Mr.Walmsley to produce the authority upon which he appeared to act for Miss Tapley. Mr. Walmsley produced a letter, which he swore was in the handwriting of Miss Tapley, and which Mr. Goodman, the chief clerk, read, and stated it to be a legal sanction. Mr. - Salmon wished the letter to be publicly read, in order that everything connected with the charge, absurd and contemptible as it was, might be as public as the charge itself. Mr. NValmsley said he would not, by any means, allow the letter to be read. Mr. Salmon—Here is Mr. Burford, the uncle of the young lady.' He wishes to say something in relation to that letter. Mr. Burford—l have seen my niece since she wrote that letter, and she assured me that she exceedingly regrets that such a course as this has been adopted. Mr. Walmsley—l have reason to know that she does not regret it; and I have witnesses to prove that Mr. Salmon has acknowledged that he was in posses sion of the property she seeks. Mr. Salmon—Possession of property ! Produce your witnesses. Sir PETBR LAtiam—l have before stated that I shall not hear any witnesses upon oath. Mr. Salmon, I collect from the - statement made by Mr. Walmsley that Miss Tapley accuses you, first, of having given a certificate, by means of which her father is detained in a lunatic asylum; and, secondly, of having in your possession certain bonds, papers, plate, &c., which she claims as next of kin. Mr. Salmon, whose appearance and demeanour expressed the very highest point of indignation, stated that the gross misrepresentations which had been uttered were made against a person who had acted from the purest and most humane motives, in a painful extremity to which an old and valued friend had been reduced. " I admit," said Mr. Salmon, "that I went tosee Dr. Tapley; that I considered him insane; that I caused Doctor Sutherland and Doctor Burroughs to examine him, and that, with the consent and the certificate of these two eminent men, Mr. Burford, his brother-in-law, and I caused him to be placed in Dr. Warburton's asylum, where he now is, but where we do not think he will be long, as he ap pears to be recovering from the melancholy condition in which we saw him. I went to him at the solicitation of Mr. Burford, who had reason to apprehend that, if medical relief were not afforded, the poor man would destroy himself with prussic acid. Drs. Sutherland and Burroughs were of opinion that it would be dangerous to leave him to himself. It appears that he was afflicted with the fancy that he was full from the bowels up to the neck, and that his food must be' stuffed down his throat. Finding him' in so deplorable a condition, I resolved to do everything in my power to render ser- t vice. I made all the necessary arrangements, and I put into the possession of Mr. Burford all the papers and other property of which he seemed to be possessed at Gravesend. I have done everything I could to al leviate the affliction of Dr. Tapley. I have written everything about him to the members of his family, and here I am foolishly and wickedly charged with having committed acts of baseness." Mr. Walmsley, in answer to Sir Peter Laurie, said that no doubt Dr. Tapley might have been insane. He did not dispute that, but had submitted that Miss Tapley ought to be put in possession of the property which had been taken when the Doctor had been con veyed from Gravesend. After a considerable time occupied in the making of statements which more strongly showed the neces; sity of the course adopted towards Dr. Tapley as re garded the restraint put upon him, Mr. Burford, who said that he had married Doctor Tapley's sister, declared that he came to London from a distance of upwards of 200 miles to do justice to Mr. Salmon, whom an attempt was so foully made to injure. Mr. Salmon had acted from the best motives, had protected and served Dr. Tapley in every pos sible way, and had put into his (Mr. Burford's) pos session every paper and other property belonging to the patient. All that had been taken away was in his (Mr. Burford's) possession, and he held it for the Doctor or his daughter, who was next of kin, be lieving that it would be much better under his care than under the care of lawyers, Sir P. LAURIE, after having heard all that is above stated, and a great deal more, with much patience, said that Mr. Salmon was certainly justified in acting upon the certificate of Doctors Sutherland and Boroughs, and that as for the papers and other pro perty which Mr. Salmon was alleged to have been possessed of, it was evident that Mr. Burford had taken possession of, and was responsible for, them. Mr. Walmsley said it was satisfactory to know in whose hands what was sought by Miss Tapley lay. Mr. Salmon again reprobated the feeling which could have dictated such an insult as had been offered to him. Sir PETER LAURIE, at the same time that he exone rated Mr. Salmon from the charge of any kind of improriety, said he felt gratified with the public state ment of the case. He knew that it was the practice of the owners of houses for insane people to keep their guests as long as they could, in consequence of the large profits arising from the business, and he hoped soon to see the establishment . of a large institution, in which there would be ' temptation to detain patients longer than was neces ry. WOR HIP-STREET. _ _ Alfred Edwards, 'the young man who stood charged with having administered poison to a young woman, named Jane Gregory, which caused her death, and against whom a verdict of " Wilful murder" had been returned at the Coroner's inquest, was placed at the bar, before Mr. Broughton, for final examination on the charge. The facts of the case have already been fully re ported in this paper. Mr. Vine, the chief clerk, was occupied the greater part of the day in preparing the depositions of the several witnesses in the case, and having read them over in court, The prisoner, whose former hardihood of demeanour had given place to an appearance of extreme dejection, was committed to Newgate to take his trial for mur der at the next sessions of the Central Criminal Court. BO W- STREET. A fine little boy, who gave his name as Francis Kelly, and who appeared to be about twelve years of age, was brought before Mr. Jardine, charged with being found in the Strand last night asleep. The officer who took him into custody having proved the charge, • Mr. JARDINE asked the little fellow what account he had to give of himself ?—The boy said he had ran away from his father, who lived in Bristol. He walked up to London, and for the last two nights had slept in door ways in the streets. Mr. JARDINE inquired why he ran away ? Prisoner —Because my father beat me. Mr. JARDINE said the boy had only made his situa tion worse. He had no business to run away. The boy held down his head and said nothing. Mr. JAnDINE (to the prisoner)—You must go back in the same way that you came. The weather is now fine, and you can easily do so. If you are found lying about the streets again you will be severely punished, and then sent back by force. The poor little fellow was then sent away alone, with out a friend in this vast metropolis, to walk back in the best way he may 120 miles. He stated that he sup ported himself on his way up to town by begging at farm-houses. CLERKEIV WELL, A young gentlemen, named James Reid, who de scribed himself as a clerk, was charged with having been drunk, and with assaulting , police•constables 212 and 208 N. It appeared from the evidence, that on the previous night, the prisoner and some others were returning home from a supper. They were making a great noise. The prisoner and two others posted themselves at the door of Dr. Burrowes, in Park-street, which they knocked against several times. When the constables attempted to dislodge them the prisoner struck 208 N several blows on the breast, and it required a good deal of trouble to take him to the station house. The prisoners assured the magistrate that they were walking merrily and inoffensively along, when 208 N seized him by the neck. He did not strike him, but struggled to escape from him. The policeman knocked him down and rolled him in the mire, so that he was smothered in mud. The police said that was impossible, as there was no mud in the place: The mother and aunt of the prisoner, fashionable looking females, averred that the prisoner's dress had mud upon it, and that his under garment was torn. North, 14 N swore the prisoner was drunk, and that there was nothing but dust on his dress. The prisoner was fined ten shillings. The fine was paid at once. 17 MON•HAL L. William May, a well-dressed young man, was charged before Mr. Cottenham with being concerned with others not in custody, with breaking into the house of Hannah Clark, a widow, and robbing it of plate, a quantity of tea and sugar, and other articles, her property. The complainant, en aged and very nervous woman, stated that she keeps a chandler's shop in Windmill-lane, and on the preceding night she went to bed, after having fastened up the house. The next morning, when she got up at seven o'clock she found the back door open, and then discovered that her shop had been broken open and plundered of money, silver spoons, tea and sugar, and other articles to a considerable amount. On retired to b e d, f or i t was sub sequentevi- dent examination of the premises, it was ascertained that the thieves must have concealed themselvee in the d h e o n u t s e n o before e the i)ad .familycca .used by the thiev es i n e ff ect i ng an entrance, the bolts and bars of the back-door being 1 7,und undrawn. The prisoner was seen lurking a bout • , house on the evening in question. In the gar den e feetthan were e found, coneer ne d i showing iith ethat robbery.the re merely asserted hi s i nnocence o f 1 ;hel mint u , , Lt h a rks l : . ..‘ v .:( o, beeno f n s e e r v , m e r o a rl who 4. 4 ,-re, was remanded until the a pp re h ens ion the he alleged c 1 7 a fts ; concerned in the affair. T of the other pa, . -. —i THE LATE - m cSPfERIOUS OCCUR RENCE ON THE ;), EVER LEA. Mr. taker, Deputy Tuesday forenoon, Co roner, for the second time resume,, the inquiry at the Jolly Anglers, Lea-bridge, touching t ,:s 4 t death ef Miss Ann Sayer, aged 20 years, who was dro.""t'd in the 4`441414 1) river Lea on the evening of Thursd a y last, the ~.,m . -f which have already appeared in The Sun of Mo.. ' J. last, and will therefore be fresh in the recollection 0/ our readers. Mr. Hilleary, Newman's solicitor, said his client was most anxious to give any explanation in his power re specting the unfortunate occurrence, and hoped the Court and jury would hear what he h a d t o sa y. The CORONER said he should in that case caution him that he was not bound to state anything that might tend to criminate himself ; but that if he wished to make any voluntary statement the Court would bear him. Mr. Edwin Newman, after being sworn, stated that on the evening iu question, on his return from Tottenham mills, he was coming down by the right bank, when three men in a boat came along, two of whom were rowing and one steering, and when nearly abreast of him he called out to them to starboard their helm, but. instead of doing so it was put aport, by which they pulled right into the bow of his boat ; he turned round towards them, and at that moment his boat gave a heavy lurch, and the deceased fell out of the boat. lie (Newman) directly jumped in after her, and caught hold of her with his left hand while he swain with his right. Deceased then caught hold of his right arm, which stopped him, and he was compelled to :let her go and take hold of her with his right arm, and in so doing she sunk beneath the surface of the Water. He Jived after her, and again caught her by her left arm, and swimming towards the boat, which was then nearly 1114 f filled with water, he got hold of her gun wale, and .held on by hie right, but with the whole of deceased's woight and his own the boat turned right over, bottom upwart:s. Deceased again slipped from his grasp, and he again dived down several feet and caught her a third time, and in rising struck against the boat, when he again lost his hdld of her, but how it was he could not tell. He clung to the boat, and just recollected that some persons came and picked him up, but what was said or done afterwardi he Aid not recollect. When deceased fell out first, she called out, " Save me, save me 1" and he jumped out of the beat to endeavour to do so. The boat was immediately upset upon the collision taking lace and the men who ran into her must have seen him hout renderin an jump out, but they rowed away wit g y assistance. By the Couowxa — l never moved from my thwart all the way down the river, from the time we started. He emphatically denied having taken any liberties with de ceased, or even having attempted to touch her hand. The witness was much affitcted whilst making the foregoing statement. The next witness examined was Mrs. Phoebe Ridley, of Lea-bridge-road. She said she let out boats for hire. On Thursday evening last,. about ten m in ute s past six , she let out a boat to three young Persons, about 17, 13, and 12 years of age, the eldest of whom had hired a boat of her before. The eldest told her he belonged to the Post-office, and could not get out at an earlier hour, but she did not know his name. They proceeded towards the Jolly Anglers. There were two pair of sculls in the boat, but the eldest only was rowing when they left her. They returned about a quarter past eight o'clock ; the eldest was rowing the boat, and the two younger were walking. They said there had been a boat upset, and a woman drowned ; that they had a hard matter to get along in consequence of the number of boats which were employed in dragging the river. The younger lads ap peared frightened. and the eldest told witness that the younger ones would not come through in the boat, but got out on the towing path, and walked to her house, leaving him to bring the boat by himself. Before quit ting the eldest promised to come again on Sunday last, and try a wager-boat, hut he did not do so. There was no damage done to the boat. Some tither witnesses were examined, whose evideaoe was not material, when , The CORONER said be thought it would be better to adjourn the inquiry to give an opportunity of finding the three youths who had hired the boat from Mrs. Radley, and he gave directions to Inspector Cooper, N division, to use his best endeavours to do so by Friday next, to which day the further investigation was postponed. As on the previous day, the greatest excitement pre vailed in the neighbourhood, and the inquest-room was crowded during the whole day. CORONER'S INQUEST. MR. WAKLEY, THE POLICE MAGISTRATES, AND THE HOME-OFFICE. Tuesday forenoon, Mr. Wakley, M.P., and a jury of fourteen parishioners, resumed, at the Warwick Arms, Warwick-road, Kensington, the inquiry adjourned from the preceding Monday, relative to the death of George Benson, aged 22, late a labourer employed at Mr. Pye s saw-mills, Chelsea. Mr. Wolfe, from Mr. Flower's office, attended on behalf of the principal prisoner, Henry Jones. The seconds in the fight were not represented by any legal person. - The CORONER (addressing Inspector Morgan, of the T division)--I wish to know the state of the case as re gards the parties that have been committed by the magistrate ? Inspector Morgan—l saw Mr. Paynter, the magistrate, and told him that you wished that the prisoners should be remanded to Tuesday next (yester day), and not finally committed. He answered that he was not aware of any law that gave him the power of sending them before you. The CORONER—I did not ask him to send them ; I merely asked him to remand them, in order that I might take steps to have them present here now. The Inspector—He has committed them for wilful murder in default of bail, 1001. each, and two sureties of 50L The CORONER then told the jury that since they last met on Thursday last, whilst the prisoners were still in the hands of the magistrate at the Hammersmith Police-court, he went to the Honie-office, and Sir James Graham being absent, he saw Mr. Manners Sutton, the Under-Secretary, and stated to him the exact position of the inquiry, what had been done in that Court, and that the prisoners were then before the ma gistrates, and that application should be made to the latter in order that they might remand the prisoners. Mr. Sutton referred to a letter written by the Home Secretary two years ago, in a case similar to the present, in which Sir J. Graham said he should not interfere with the magistrates. The Coroner then explained to the jury the practice adopted between him and the Home office since his election as coroner about five years and a:half-since, and in doing so said, that when Lords Nor manby and Russell were Home Secretaries, he met with no such difficulty regarding the presence in his court of remanded prisoners. The difficulty originated with Sir J. Graham, or perchance, it would be correct to surmise, with some of hissubordinates. He was resolved that the present inquiry, without the presence of the accused, should not be turned into a precedent, and though he now, under existing circumstances, thought it might be gone into without prejudice to the accused, he would leave the matter to the discretion of the jury. The jury then consulted, and agreed to go on with the inquiry. John Browning (a labourer's lad) examined—ln the morning of Sunday week I saw two men fighting near the Kennington canal basin. There were a dozen other persons present. The men had seconds. They fought in their shirts about eight or nine rounds. There was but one knock-down blow, and that was in the last round. There was no cry: of f oul—no foul play at all. No hitting whilst down. No kicking, nor a blow struck below the waistband. The men did not threaten end! other. Neither said to the other, I will murder you or 'kill you if I can. CORONER—State how the last round ended. Witness—The man that is alive hit the other on the breast and then on the left ear. The man. now dead then said, " I am done." He said so when falling after the blow on the ear. He fell first on his hands, then opened out his arms, and sank down on his face. When he received the blow he was standing. Both men were squaring at each other. The CORONER—After deceased fell what was done ? Witness—His second (Wm. Benson, his brother) put him on his knee. Jones (who fought with him) said, "Is there any fear ?" The second said, " I think there is—go for a doctor." Jones and two other men ran for one, and came back again with the doctor. After the doctor came, deceased was taken to the Warwick Arms, Jones and the other men going with him. George Lewis and John Robshaw, who saw the fight, gave similar testimony. It was then proved that all the parties concerned gave themselves up voluntarily to the police, and expressed the greatest regret at what had occurred. Evidence was also called to show that the combatants fought without either exhibiting malice aforethought to wards each other. This being the whole of the evidence, The jury deliberated with closed doors, and in half an hour returned the following verdict :—" We find that the deceased, George Benson, came by his death from an inadvertent . blow, given in a fight by Henry Jones. At the same time we express our censure of the indignity exhibited towards the jury by the Magistrates, in com mitting the prisoners for murder before they had been brought to the Coroner's court." The inquiry lasted four and a hal hours. PARLIAMENTARY PAPER. NEW ZEALAND.—(CONTINUED.) " To have proceeded in this manner, and to have assumed at once all unoccupied land to belong to the Crown as a right inherent in the sovereignty, would have been attended with no sort of injustice to the natives, and would have been conducive to their real interests. The unoccupied land, previously to Eu ropean settlement, was of no value to them, they were neither a pastoral people, nor one living, like the North American Indians, by the chase, and therefore requiring a great extent of country for their support ; they derived their chief subsistence from the produce of the soil and agriculture, rude as it was, and, according to the witnesses who have been examined by your Committee, hardly a thou sandth part of the available land was thus made use of by them " A very different policy, with respect to the ownership of land, has been pursued, and has been attended with very unfortunate results. Mr. Spain, who was sent out from this country by Lord John -Russell to investigate the claims of land of settlers in New Zealand, appears to have been furnished with no precise instructions as to the object of the in tended inquiry, and the mode of conducting it; and as he, in common with the Governor and the other colonial authorities, adopted the conclusion that no land could be considered as vested in the Crown, or in the New Zealand Company, by virtu e o f an agreement with the Crown, which could not be shown to have been fairly purchased from.the natives, there was begun a protracted and most unsatisfac tory.inquiry as to the nature of these purchases. It was impossible that the inquiry, having this object in view, could be of a different character, since, if the point to be determined was the validity of purchases from the natives, it followed that it was necessary to ascertain not only the bona fide nature of the sup , posed sale, hut also the title of the vendors to the .sroperty of which they claimed to. dispose. The -nlty of arriving at any satisfactory conclusion upon eit.,:‘" point was insuperable. The evidence as to .the reality os . alleged sales was almost invariably contradictory and tenfased, as might reasonably have been antic si,Lering , what imperfect means of axed , communicationcon.' there s t , re between the parties, and how little one of them ut.'44.t"tood the nature of such transactions. As to the title 41( the vendors, the case was still more hopeless ; the e*:".461312e before to your Committee, both oral and documentary , leach the conclusion that the natives of New Zealand, till they learnt to do so from Europeans, attached no idea of„value to unoccupied land, and that though they had some vague notions of certain circumstances (frequently connected with their peculiar supersti tions), giving preferable claims to particular tribes over particular districts, yet, practically, the right by which territory was held, was that of the strongest. Your Committee need hardly point out the manifest absurdity of attempting to apply the notions of Eng lish law, with respect to landed property, to such a state of society, and the utter fruitlessness of an en deavour to disentangle the complicated and conflict ing claims set up, by different tribes to wild land, this inquiry having to be conducted by Europeans, igno. rant both of the language of the natives, and of their barbarous and superstitious customs, on which the claims to land very frequently. depended. " The policy adopted of entering into such an in quiry, and of acknowledging the claim of the natives to payment for the unoccupied lands, has had effects very injurious to the interests both of the settlers and of the natives themselves. With respect to the settlers, by preventing them for so long a period from obtaining possession by a secure title of the land they required for cultivation, it has given a most serious check to the progress of improvement, and very greatly retarded , the arrival of the time when the colony would have been able to procure food enough for its own consumption, and also something to export in payment for the various supplies it re quires from the mother country and from other quarters. To the natives this policy has been still more injurious, it has created a strong feeling of irri tation between them and the settlers, from the ex istence of whiCh they cannot fail ultimately to be the chief sufferers; the large amount of property they have received in payment for land which was of no real use to them before, instead of being of perma nent advantage to them, has been speedily and im providently consumed, and has only served to excite in them the passion of cupidity, and to produce quarrels amongst themselves, which, in one case at least, have broken out into open war. Even Mr. Clarke, the Chief Protector, who has insisted so much upon their obtaining a very high price for their land, has admitted that the t sudden affluence' to which they have been raised has had an unfriendly b., fluence on their moral improvement.' The worst c' „. sequence of all, as it appears to your Commits ee cf the course which has been pursued, is, thiat it has lowered the authority of the Government over the natives, and given rise, on their part, to clr,i„,, w hi ch it is greatly to be feared they will not peaceably be brought to forego ; and which yet cannot be allowed without the sacrifice of the princips.l means of pro moting the advancement of the Colony. We beg particularly to refer, in support of what we have now stated, to the long report of Mr. Spain, the Com missioner of Land Claims, dated 12th September, 1843, and to the dispatch of the Acting Governor of 30th October, 1843, and its inclosures. On reference to these documents it will be found that the effects attributed by your Committee to the policy which has been pursued, are distinctly recognised by those of the public servants in the colony by whom that policy has chiefly been maintained. It is also peculiarly deserving of remark, that precisely the same difficul ties in establishing to the satisfaction of the natives the validity of sales of land alleged to have been made by them, which, in the case of the settlements in Cook's Straits, have been attributed to the careless mode of proceeding adopted by the Company's agents, have since been experienced to fully as great a n ex tent with respect to purchases ma d e on behalf of the Government in the northern part of the island by the Protector of AboriOnes himself. In the letter of Colonel Godfrey (one of the Commissioners of Land Claims) of February 10, 1843, will be found an ac count of the embarrassment created by the positive denial by the natives of the validity of a sale of land which Mr. Clarke reported had been made to him, as agent to the Government, with every possible pre caution, in the year 1840. If these and similar claims are rejected, we cannot but apprehend that, after the concessions already made, much dissatisfaction, if not resistance, is to be anticipated from the natives; on the other hand, if the claims are admitted, we see no security whatever that additional payments now made for land formerly supposed to have been sold will give 'any permanent satisfaction, and will not, on the con trary, serve as a stimulus to still more unreasonable demands hereafter, while, even if such payments should be final, we cannot but regard it as a great misfortune that large sums of money should be so applied. In Mr. Spain's report, already quoted, he estimates that from five to six thousand pounds will be required to compensate the natives for the blocks of land already surveyed by the servants of the New Zealand Company, in the southern part of the Northern Island; and in making this estimate it ap pears (though this is not very clear) that he contem plates leaving them in possession of the grounds they actually occupy. If this land is to be paid for at so high a rate, it is obvious that it will create in the minds of the natives an expectation that similar prices will be given for the land that will hereafter be required, and thus an enormous, charge will be en tailed upon the progress of future settlements. While we were considering our report, additional evidence of the magnitude of this evil has been laid before us. "The land, it must be remembered, derives its only value from the application of European labour and capital ' • whatever is paid for it t o th e nat i ves must eventually be taken from the price paid for it by settlers, either to the Company or t o th e G overnment, and will be so much deducted from the fund, which ought to be most carefully husbanded and applied to the great purposes of promoting emigration, and of meeting the first and pressing wants of a young settlement, as fel- instance, the construction of roads and bridges, and the building and endowing of churches, schools, and hospitals. For these purposes, in which the British settlers and the original inhabi tants are equally interested, every shilling is wanted which the ,emigrant can afford to pay for land, without trenching too deeply on his available capital ; and it appears to your Committee to be equally con trary, both to real justice and to sound policy, that large sums of money should be taken from a fund de voted to objects of such high importance, in order to be given to barbarous tribes, who at best will unpro fitably squander what is so improvidently placed at their disposal. " Your Committee have found it necessary to enter more at length than we could have wished into the question, whether the ownership of unoccupied land ought to have been considered as vested in the Crown or in the native tribes, because, in our opinion, all the difficulties which have been experienced in the colo nisation of New Zealand are mainly, to be attributed to the erroneous view of this question, which has been taken by those to whose hands the powers of Govern ment have in these islands been committed. But erroneous as they believe the policy hitherto pursued to have been, they are sensible of the great difficulty which may now be experienced in changing it ; and bearing in mind the great distance of these islands, and the consequent impossibility of knowing what may be the state of affairs there, when any instruc tions that may be sent out shall reach the Governor, they are not prepared to recommend that he should be peremptorily ordered to assert the rights of the Crown as they believe them to exist ; all they advise is, that he should have clearly explained to him what those rights are, and the principles on which they rest; and should be directed to adopt such measures as he may consider best calculated to meet the diffi culties of the case, and to establish the title of the Crown to all unoccupied land as soon as this can be safely accomplished. He ought also, we conceive, to be directed to grant legal titles to the actual oc cupants of land, unless under special circumstances of abuse, requiring in those cases in which it may seem to be proper reasonable payment from the settlers for land so granted to them. " The observations already made will enable your Committee very briefly to express their opinion on the question which has led to so much discussion, as to whether the New Zealand Company are entitled to call upon her Majesty's Government to put them in possession of a large extent of land, without refe rence to the validity of their supposed purchases from the natives. If the view which we have taken of the right of the Crown to the whole of the unoc cupied soil of New Zealand, and of the nullity of all private purchases of land from the natives, be a cor rect one ; and if this were also the view of the then Secretary of State at the time that the arrangement with the New Zealand Company was concluded; it follows, as a matter of course, that by that arrange ment it must have been intended to give to the Com pany a claim binding, in good faith, upon the estate of the Crown, to the number of acres awarded to them by Mr. Pennington ; and that this claim could not in any way be affected by the character of those supposed purchases from the natives, which it was the very object of the whole arrangement to set aside as altogether null and invalid. We have already fully stated our reasons for the conclusion to which we have come with respect to the rights of the Crown; we have, therefore, only to add, that we cannot doubt this conclusion to be completely in ac cordance with what were the views of the then Secre tary of State, since we find that the charter under the Great Seal, by which New Zealand was erected into a separate colony, and the original instructions under the Royal Sign Manual, which were drawn up at nearly the same time that the arrangement with the Company was under discussion, were couched in terms which, as we have already observed, clearly imply that the ownership of land by the natives Was regarded as being confined to that which was 'ac tually occupied and enjoyed by them,' and that all unoccupied land was vested in the Crown; while the acknowledgment of any claim of right on the part of Europeans to land, in virtue of supposed sales from the natives, was in the most explicit terms denied." (To BE CONTINUED.) REDUCTION OF RAILWAY FAREs.--Tuesday the reduction of passenger conveyance by third. class trains to Id. per head per mile took place between Birmingham and Liverpool and Birmingham and London. Crowds 6f persons yesterday, in the morning, thronged the gates of the !erminus in Birmingham to take places for Liver pool ; and long before half-past 2 o'clock in the after noon, when it was announced the Id. per mile train was to start for London, some hundreds of persons had as sembled. Notwithstanding the rain fell heavily, at the above hour 10 carriages, laden with about 400 passengers, started from the Birmingham terminus for the metro polis, and at Roade and Wolverton it being found neces sary to attach other carriages, the whole number brought to the Euston-square end of the line amounted to 12, exclusive of luggage vans. The passengers consisted chiefly of the working classes, who appeared to enjoy their ride. The carriages are all well covered in, and provided with spacious seats. The whole journey between Birmingham and London was performed within eight hours, the train reaching Euston-square about 10 o'clock last evening. One hour's detention took place at Roade to allow two of the pink trains to pass. NEWLY-INVENTED SPECTACLES, TELESCO PE S, OPERA GLASSES, MICROSCOPES, &C.—Messrs. S. and B. Solomons, Opticians, 39, Albemarle-street, Picca dilly, have succeeded in effecting a most' scientific im provement in Spectacle 'and Telespope T.,poses, &c„ of the greatest transparent power, The extraordinary advantage derived from this invention is that vision becomes preserved and strengthened and very aged per: sons are enabled to employ their sight either by day or candle light at the most minute occupation, and can see with those Lenses much less magnifying power, nor will thei require the frequcc; ebanges to further helps as the Spectacles now in common use. Also newly-in vented Achromatic Waiscoat-pocket Telescopes and Opera Glasses which are invaluable at the seaside and on the race-course, as well as at the theatre, &c.—Every kind of Telescope for Shooting, Sea purposes, and upon stand for astronomical observatipno with the celebrated Lenses of the most clear transparent brilliancy ; the powers are so great and the Lenses so bright and bril liant that minute objects at an extraordinary distance ar e brought completely under the eyes.—Sportsmen, Tourists, and sea-side visitors will indeed here have a great treat. Their invisible Voice conductor gives asses of tie d i e a u n i s ll and mediate relief to old standing extreme Caution.—Messrs. S. and B. Solomous, o p Aurists, are not in any way connected with a person of the same name in their immediate neighbourhood, nor in any part of the country. To prevent mistakes, be cautious, and observe..—Only to be had at 00, Albe marle-street, Piccadilly, opposite the York Hotel. MARKET NEWS-(YESTEFTDAV CORN-11X - CITANGE. The show of Engish Wheat was again very limited, while the demand for that article was steady, at fullf Monday's pri ces . F ore i gn W heat moved off freely, 11, full currencies. Barley and Malt were a slow sale, $' barely late rates. In Oat-, Beans, and Peas, compa l tively little was doing. ARRIVALS Wheat. Earley. O a t s . Flour , English. 3,020 qrs. 1,490 qrs. 1.210 qrs. 1,410 tael'h Irish _ ...-- 3,150 --- For -- 950 2 . 65 9 ---. Malt. 520 Qrs. NUMITECILAPEZ. • For prime Beef and Mutton we had a steady sale, 4° full prices. In other kinds of meat next to nothing w° doing.—Beef, from 2s 4d to 3s 6d ; Mutton, 2s 6d to 3s 8d ; Veal, 3 s 4d to 4s 4 d ; and Pork, 2s 6d to 4 ° per 81bs. STATE OF TRADE. (From the Manchester Guardian of yesterday.) A fair amount of business was done in the yarn market yesterday ; the buyers, who had been pre' viou,ly holding off in the hope of obtaining a conci 4 ; sion on account of the recent decline in the p r ice the raw material, having come pretty freely jilt ° the market at previous rates ; and prices 1 0 very firm. The goods market presents no chang! from last week. The demand for printing cloth is still moderate ; but nearly all other fabrics Kra in fair r eques t, an d fi rm i n price. We are 0, to learn, also, that the country trade r, exceedingly bri s k f or th e season. No dou bt the good harve s t, w hi c h h as j ust been secured' and the moderate prices of the leading nec o saries of life, exercise now, as, indeed, they invariabli do, a very favourable influence upon this market The drapers, f rom a ll parts o f t h e country, agricultur e' or manufacturing, buy more largely than they Ino!, been accustomed to d o f or some years past, a pret t / sure proof that the condition of the labouring claso has been materially improved by the decline in price° . ROCIIDALE FLANNEL MARKET, SEPT. 30.—T,b° market to-day has b een fl a t , an d the demand I d flannels very limited, but without any material chang e in prices. In the wool market there is no variation report. BELANEY.—The partnership business in the licor kiln and colliery, at North Sunderland, has been take ) out of the hands o f M r . B e l aney, and Mr. Bell, who h " , been dismissed by Belaney on account of the evideee" he gave on the trial, as it is generally supposed, has bee!, appointed by an or d er f rom t h e C ourt of Chancery', ir manage the concerns till the affairs are wound up.—Tr Mercury. COURTS OF FRANCKPLEDGIL-011 Tuesday, t ll. Right Hon. the R ecor d er , ass i ste d b y the High Bar b/ of the boro ug h o f S out h wark, held three several Cour , : of Franckpl e d ge , at t h e T own -hall, the Globe, Yoro : street, and the Th ree T uns, S t. Margaret ' s-hill, for Great Liberty Guildable and King's Manors. At to e of the Court s th e vacanc i es i n the Leet Juries n e d filled up from those who had served the inferior offlor of constable, ale and flesh-tasters, and the various sentments were made o f t ra d esmen w h o h ad been n' by the juries for using deficient weights and measure' In the cour se o f th e procee di ngs, one of the ale-tastersS the Great Lib er t y i n f orme d the Steward (the Recor d e r) that he had seized, at some of the public-houses, 0 0 measures which were deficient, considering that he 1 1 fully empower e d t o d o so b y the oath he had taken ";" entering o ffi ce. Aft er a var i ety of acts and procloo3'; tions had been read, which are " more honoured in t h e i, breach than in the o b servance ," t h e R ecorder proce e d to make his charge, i n th e course o f w hi ch he obser ma that he had so oft en ex pl a i ne d• to t h em the antiquity 511, important duties attached to the office, as to render it l ig necessary to repeat hi s remar k s . The different Coup were adjourned. Tux R AILWAY TO THE LAICEB.--PROGREge i t t THE ATMOSPHERIC—We learn with mu c h pl easur e the Windermere and Kendal line is being surveyed old a view to the appli cat i on o f t h e atmospheric princip l e,. traction by water p ower . Wi t h such av i dity were 00 shares of this short but excellent line sought after, t 1 214 although there were o n ly 5 , 000 to b e appropr i ate d, "' number applied for was very nearly 13,000.—Rai Record. Oil PUGILISTIC CONTEST FOR TWENTY PounDs.--,,, Tuesday the affair of Reed and T o mli n came o ff in , presence of a good muster of spectators. The weight, the men was limited to 10 s t. 101 b. eac h ; t h e l oca li t y r ib lected was in the m ars h es near G ravesend. The l ee , attended by their second s an d f r i en d s, entere d the rill and commenced the com b a t, b ot h act i ng with greblii mullion. Reed appear e d th e s t ronger man, w hile antagonist possessed most science. Little change t° ° , place till the s i x th roun d, w h en R ee d rece i ved a Lilo 1 blow from his opponent and fell to the ground. Iv: time was called he appeared groggy, but stood Oroo although it was quite evident the last round had tS„ upon him, and he w as a d v i se d b y his friends to re d quish the fight ; b u t hi s ambition for victory , led him and he prolonged the affair twenty minutes, during i" r 0 0 time there was not the least probability of succe o oe his side, and he very reluctantly withdrew froo 2 u . contest, Tomlin coming off the winner. The fight pied 47i minutes. v s Of WILLIAM T EL L.—A l e tt er from Friburg spell'rebe a literary discovery connected with William Tell. 1, 7 0 ,4 existence of this personage, which has hitherto aPP e quasi -mythological, has from this discovery become 0 , historical fact. A copy of Latin verses, written 1 021 t o tliately after the battle of Morgarten, has just found, in whi c h hi s name i s ment i oned in precise term It is there stat e d th a t T e ll was one o f the three warrie o f who took the oath o f G ru thli i n t h e commenceme lv n t , fourteenth century. His n ame rep l aces t h at o f ter Furst, erroneously mentioned by the chroniclers m the time. As to the famous story of the apple and: arrow, nothing is said of it in the oem. re MAGISTERIAL PATR ONAGE .— I t appears by a turn to the House of Commons that the Middlesex 5 0 Westminster magistrat e s h ave t h e patronage o f 2 1 1 places, the aggregate annual income of which 22,2501. Bs. ?,id. Ax ce ENIGMA.—The Raja Moorshebadad °to asked what that was that did not h appen last year , 1' not happened this year, and w ill not h appen next yel`ra And the chiefs and the merchants, the astrologers, il ls the hakims, could give n o answer; b ut a poor horsea3 I stepped forth, and, havi ng ki sse d t h e ground, and Pti,, his forehead to th e ear th, rose, and, folding his 2 1 ° 0 , exclaimed, "M a y y our Hi g h ness ' s s h a d ow never b e le of and may you live a thousand years —as long as Y e e father, the sun, and your brother, the moon; but ro Highness did not pay your servants last year, you My not paid them this year, and your Highness's Pe e „Pd, cannot expect, therefore, to b e p a id next year ;' 5", with a low salaam, the man retired, expecting, doubtie_j to lose his ears ; but on the contrary, ~.the Raja ordoi s him a khelat (dress of honour), and that year he paid t army its arrears. —Asiatic Journal. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—A NEVER FAILING REP.% FOR ALL C ASES OF S CURVY, SCORBUTIC HUM°II,-;: P AND SCROF ULA , BY H OLLOWAY ' S PILLS AND O MENT.—EXTRAORDINARY CURE.—Henry Hill, ne iy k o footman to Lord 13., was l ate l y d i scharged from the 1311.4 of 13's. s erv i ce i n consequence of his having .1 scorbutic bl o t c h es a ll over h i s hands and face, to :ea great disfigurement. For twelve months he was tree by his master's medical attendants, but to n o purr: o and the case was at last declared incurable, and he discharged. The poor fellow then, as a forlorn 11 commenced using Holloway' s Pill s an d Ointment, 10,_1, effectually eradicat e d th e di sease from his 12110. in less than thr ee wee k s . S o ld at Professor v ie way's Establishment, 224, Strand (where advice o l d be had gratis), an d b y a l most a ll respectable ven d o rs , medicine throughout the civilised world. BIRTHS. On the 27th ult., at Maid a - va l e , th e l a d y o f James Llin bo Esq., of a son. ' On the 28th ult., at Champi on - grove , G rove -l ane , CA III berwell, Mrs. Henry Harris, of a son. tli. On the 28th ult., at Mont ßgu - s t ree t, P ortman - squar e, lady p of Charles Hoe, Esq., f o a daug . hter. On the 28th ult., the lady of Lewin Mozley, Esq., Lif et# pool, of a daughter. On the 29th ult., at A r li ng t on H ouse, Turnham-gre4h#' Mrs. John Bull, of a daughter. _....-: MARRIED. On the 28th ult., at Ch ar lt on, J oseph Gilioli, Esq., '9Ol 0 and LL.D., of Lond on , t o Ell en Eli zabeth, second daug hter W. T. Hillyer, Esq., of Blackheath. had' On the 30th at St. Geor ge ' s Ch urc h , Bl oome Charles Carey, E sq ., o f L a Guavra, to Elizabeth, e'",Aeli daughter of the late John Humble, Esq., of Vauxhall. DIED. 0 4 On the 2d ult., on the voyage home from the Cape of — ll Hope, Thomas M. Turner, Esq. On the 19th ult., at Brighton -place, Portobello, CAP ° Andrew Barclay, aged 74. On the 26th ult., a t Carshalton' Surrey, Mary APl s ' daughter of the late W. Charrington, Esq., aged 45. ; On the 27th ult., at Farnham Royal, Mrs. Newell. On the 27th ult., Fanny Mary, the eldest daughter or Manby, of Wolverhampton, solicitor. On the 28th ult., at Wigmore-street, Cavendish-W ill' Mr. Francis Henry Ball, aged 26. wl 4 On the 29th ult., Willi am , secon d son of M r. Edwar d of Shoreditch, aged 13. IF On the 29th ult., at Earl's-terrace, K ens i ng t on , ri l e d Ludlow Holt, Esq., Q.C., and Vice-Cha nce ll or o f the of Lancaster. 11; 1 On the 30th ult., at Higham Lodge, Waltharnstow, Maria, the wife of E. A. Lloyd, Esq. QUARTERLY NAVAL OBITUARY. o r Flag Officers—Vice-Admiral Norborne Thompson, Admirals Edward Galway, J e ff er y B aron d o R a i ge rsfieldefid Captains—Thomas Fo rres t, C . 8 ., Wi ll i am Coate, 0,11, William W. Foote, Peter Fisher, Michael Head, Basil ~,koier. Retired Captains—Chri s t o ph er N ev il e, R o b ert Tom Blac.„, Commanders—James G roves , R oger R o bi net, R. It 1: ‘ ,110 C. W. G. Griffin. R e ti re d C ommanders—J. H. NiS.",:esoo John Browne, G eorge M au l e, C harles D. Williams, Jem' Miles. Lieutenants—Edward P. Forster, G e org e V a llack, Sf r OY l Par4Ylls, Frfc l PriPic Franks, Joseph Urcen, jos° Joseph 'Wright, Edward Rob er t s , e ., J o h n P oo k. Tw o Marsh, M. B. Jones, L ew i s D av id, J ames L ester , C. iL W. R. 0. Price, Don P. Dumaresque, M. T. Molesworth . p Masters—H. G. Slenner, Thomas Tilly, G. W. i!i * S!l-.• bh. Chaplain—James W. Maguire. NOV--71V, S. Fri t ' giageoraJohn hvans, M.D., John Gough, Morris chett. It , Assistant Surgeons—W. O r r, b., W. M a itl an d, Georg - West. Paymasters and Pursers—Thomas Terry, Stepticfl 01 • W. Cfminzswortli, br° H . R. B o o y w a at Bowen Mends. s.— C F a i r p s t t a Lieut. s n torn L 111 o . g L i eo e. t d, George f London: Printed and Published by IdURDO Y f No. 112, Strand, Printer, at T) Z:vux O ffi ce, gi rs ".., 0 ) Strand, in the Pfeeinet of the Saioy, in the Coullv Middlesex, Thursday, October 3,1844. • D (Bano At Se F.rce—Fore ( Star Office, OTA II The mitcd in its a to LONGBO7 lustration of mental 11Itisi at a Quarter Ten in the POISONS au Evenings of Nine. Profs, flings. The lIYDRO-ELI Ace. —The Mt Doe. Iticii ha-X- e'Ttclocernipsleltl taking. The Eible for the ( cants who do th:a date are] thereof. 15, Ohl Bro DIRE( Caplt The H on, Nv J. M. Bracker John Brightly Michael Bruc Robert Waite Rthvard TurBl The Chisholm Lieut.-Colone quhGun, R . Jam es Fargo ZNGINtEa Seticrrou—. PARLIAM ENT) The form a Portant purpm by York and after mature such a line, The line wil most central si end and the 33t. Neots,mu, Stamford, to tt and east of N Thorne, &mitt The distanc will be at anci t Y lv o i r l k l:r a ed nA ; castle and Edii saved between It will fore Bradford, Hod commanding tl as well as the shire, and the Taking its braces all the colnshire with It opens an and the West ; The line, as drainage of the markets and to , The inclinati moderate exper magnitude on t leg lines throng in travellin g wi line under one The expense much reduced, profit is suffici tables, which ar prepared as evit The capital pi exceeding the e advisable to all those of the pro The surveys last, the Direct many other tri brought to the c form an opinion panied by a map April, 1844. T at King's-cross. At this date t for a direct line than a month h Pro.rectus and bridge and Yor that time adhl changed their ti pany, and their :1,500,000/. to l 4,000,0001. In Pally also adopt( Tno O te f r t s l o m f s th en e se r C ompany Were Ler of their Cott Secretary, Major A map of th lished in the latl the promoters of appropriate upw, of the Direct N( Still the proje very far short of seen from the fo itrota Loud on 'way is 2ID miles to be 200 miles During Ore pr of the landewne consulted in ref portant interest Public attent! principle, the Cc dition to take ad shown to be for 1 13, l ' o r eoa h r e em it at i d o r tree ta London to Yort l regard to the. trz The Parliam e a pplication will I session of P arl i a The deposit o meet the re qu i re p reli minary exp I nterest at tin railway. T subscribe readyh for signati A large prom no applicati on fo next, up to whiel the offi ces of the prospectuses and ton and s on, anc ehester ; Thoma Garton and W Xing and C o. sharebroker, brokers, Hull ; burn; W. a Knowles Esq ling, EA., sh' Co,, sharebrokel Edinburgh ; At i sharebrokers, GI Abadewn. Estimated inc and based on th seen, at the office .°'3'Paseen gers Parcels.,,, Merehandis Conveyance iliitto of pri Mineral ani Deduct flat Trial, eXPeruscs 40 1-, Being about 9i To the c Gentlem en 5 0/• e ac h in 1; tlndertake to pa , Dated thi s • ID I"EC The co ALLOT the "less lodged in the Bth instant. Posse Hess iciholderal t i t4 : l t i . : °Th e i gn i :in io.dre:etii.fg:naluacgtaePes;:t-li ul the k' esp ( "103 ir I SO' fIE n n : cY r ri;nBrr from r di ab e ra f l e el(' d r eu e ca ti : a ncti ' ci ds oi t nn vit o l l ° f u n t a g l i l , e l ' e a Biliousnnei,°tt'uasrre.scebegtuarrens Yrz it Rill ix f r i ed to 14 ”,„ r f t '. t tointh r i t t , i s el 's 9t ut forth - e ft; r a e , Zp,lllilious and 1 ile T 4 v° °r n t 4 bre e 's 'eels. The to a ,tead cf . pii stßig 'etl f g it atcom p , the .restllt t old t ;',.h7 l l ,titt , eai • rot L e T l )ox 1 raugdo zi , and by t Na t alit for Fait Go re e , 444 Add t e ."1"nell THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 3, ;844 GR