The Sun. — London, England, 1844-12-07 00:00:00

e usual ;t week s a letter. of som e b e letter a in CP liad been le house iad taken vestrY i❑hub'' Duildings Ives pro.. fficientlf ection of ore tbeit the ills' a nd If cures to it would ,as Of t he - estrY , t° e yestry )AY•) breech' Ann, of 3leade , :Alcutts; and 3 1 . (trao: Cuba' k . 13° sr L' , " oe. I, Dole' , lat. 5' et, WI ling, c" whi le ihore ° ll 4tle Pr ere o r/ lari; got 0 ne< )p e°' ire one" if -01 f% E4 A 4ti 7 n un MI fa tu, AND I)ttbllt eptnton. " Who runs may read." The Moniteur Alpirein, of the 25th ult., announces that the execut i on of the treaty o f commerce b e t ween Fr ance and S ar di n i a , w hi c h was conc l u d e d in August, 1'43, is, b • o r d er f the Minister or War, suspended in ger la until further orders. The te.ritf, which had , be ar' mod i fi e d b y t hi s treaty, i s to b e aga i n en f orce d in , oriairial state. The motive fur this measure is not Rated' The Moniteur Parisien mentions a report that a com -1)1141Y, comp ose d o f t h e fi rst b an k ers o f P ar is, has been M arseille s for the execution of a railroad from Calais to .5411611 es with a capital of 400 millions of francs. Courrier Francais states that it is M. Villemain 0 , is appointed t o compose the King's speech at the F e i n iag . ► or the sessio n , and is at present engaged on it. 11{. € 1 1 1 hawk er o f i rre li g i ous an d i mmora l hooks, named G , s ,has just be en con d emne d by the Court of Assizes of e eine-Inbirieure to five years' imprisonment and , ° oos fine. Nii - r ll O Pr e f ec t o f t h e S e i ne h as j us t t rans mitted to the ...,I,lister of th e I n t er i or pl ans f or the opening of new and wy n e street s i n severa l quarters o f P ar i s . The refugee s f rom A rrago n, to whom the Prefect of tssi •tia.sses Pyrenees gave permission to remain in the tow n+ have not yet, says the slit moria/ of Pau, been re• toted into the interior. One of them, M. Fernando the ex-fiscal of the Cour Royale of Madrid. A letter from Madrid gives a flaming account of the all banquet at the Queen's Palace. It is stated that sand the foreign Ambassadors were present, but that the th r'l L eh Ambassador almost monopolised the attention of 13: ""n Queens. It would almost appear that Count ,e sess she Spanish was anxious to show that the articles against theitfil,3o4linnigs :Ministry, in the Debuts, were contrary to of his Court. r et i fs la , said that the Emperor of Morocco refuses to t ne treaty with Spain, relative to the territorial t o r " of Ceuta, and that the Spanish Consul was about (! o r ret eat, and to demand the intervention of the British Oadrid, on the 29th, was perfectly tranquil, and from 4 official b u ll e ti ns published by the Government, it 4 ( s 4li ti appear that the insurrection in Navarre and Ar -311 had been completely suppressed. hr -letter from Brunswick, Nov. 29, says :—" Our g Duke, who has more than once declared in tiL lr of the emancipation of the Jews, and has shown - ' 3O many marks of favour, has just presented to the s eo ,' a Bill, having for object-1. To abolish the pre i„• l aw, ordering all Jews to take the oaths in Courts k s ", s tiee more Judaic° only ; and 2. To permit them to 4 - ' 4 ' in the same way as Christians, by raising the right l id, and invoking Almighty God." Th LAW AND POLTC 3I . 1 „ ease of Faulkner v. Litchfield and Hearn came on s ue ilsament in Arches Court. A faculty was in this th e granted, with the consent of the churchwardens and e vicar, to repair the church of the Holy Sepulchre of e p li.reb ridge. The minister, the Rev. Mr. Faulkner, dis ci Proved of the erection of a stone altar and a ere „eeiliee table in the church. The Consistorial Court at 3'aleonfirmed the faculty, and from that decision an ap . Was promoted to this Court. Drs. Bayford and h il s! were heard for the Rev. Mr. Faulkner, and s ve „ l itnore for Messrs Litchfield and Hearn, the church -4',e11,4. Sir H. J. Fust reserved his judgment. toe Chelmsford Assizes William Hurrell and W. 4 'lor %j et . pro labourers, were convicted of sending p sst te r to James Miles, threatening to destroy his pr 4.;,. Sentence was not passed on them. di et l `nala Reed, 19, and 'Thomas Finch, 20, were in- At I V, at Worcester, for violently assaulting Maria Reed, ndl o •-, y on the 15th of August, and stealing from her • t'elcet and other articles. They were found guilty, s entenced to be transported for fifteen years. s‘ , l 7 r• Justi ce P atteson sentence d Thomas Newman, i te (3 Was convict e d a t L e i ces ter, of bigamy, to six months' Prioennsent, with hard labour. sol Kenyon Winterbottom, the Stockport attorney, t er s tried L'efore Mr. Baron Gurney, at Chester, for for and f o ;knti guilty. There was a point of law re • ed for futu're argument, and judgment was, conse• "ently respited. Als A - York William Potter, convicted of arson, was T e e t „: 1 0 *a the b ar , an d received sentence of death. said Persons, wh o gas-e their names Kantrowitz, who Qi est "iey were P o l es , w ere charged on Monday, at iss en well, with s t ea li ng a clothes-horse from their Isi s r h in g s, at M rs. Woolfor d' s, ;old North-street, Red h,vit'square. They were discharged, and their case Ch url ! li een brief!noticed in the ngwspapers, Mr. , ; _ n s s hs , e o f th ut ZOWSkI, Secretary to the Literary Associa slarnes,, e friends of Poland, at 10, Duke-street, St. prisoners Pared before the Magistrate to state that the altogether one not Polish refugees, but Polish Jews, and William sky Own to the Association. 1 1, 11 an extensive 1-10 pman to Mr. Dent, a linendraper, 151:inrdnYe1,12;ht(Lg. secidtiiwwa3a' business in Crawford-street, arable amount. s of fully committed from Maryle baying robbed his employer to a eon -411%44 Union-hal!, Alexander Wil son , a stout robust s ell* ? the associate of a v e ry daring gang of burglars, in `l.'l7, the south side of the metropolis, was charged with je eiati aginto tho house of Mr. Joseph. a silversmith and s,,, ' `,TZer, Alfred-place, Waterloo-road, and stealing a Wi,,J• The case was clearly proved, and the prisoner, out• 4,aa been frequently in custody, said, the last tinse ,;',,,Risc,harged, I tried every means to get work, but t as ° ,7 not. What was Ito do ? I could not starve ; so I Ir i " eoutpelled to resume my old practices. He was corn ate& 4 1( 9, Mulloy, Sarah Mulloy, and Elizabeth Mulloy, eh I nother, were fully committed from Woolwich, on a - `l , :e of stealing stores from the dock-yard. W Them CO'iraer—FA.lllllXicake.asis.rara. arriage of the Rev. Lord Augustus Fitzclarence asa Gordon, daughter of Lord Henry Gordon, aieee of L or d Ab oyne , i s fi xe d to take place on the 11:,),f. January. it Earl of Rosse, who has been sojourning at C' s ,b t i i i toti for several mon ths, has left that town for Birr Th e 'tbe Noble E a rl' s seat in Ireland. • Earl and Countess of Eglinton have returned to the t° 2 l Castle, alter having been ou a visiting tour to l iiiie e u°u 'litY and gentry of Ayr, Renfrew, and Lanark. ▪ T h n ukem,, , i)sl.:,„ of Wellington does not intend to leave I%sj t ► v ,l l- "use for Strathfieldsaye until a few days before s s •"' is e and Gallant Duke is honoured with the corn lier Majesty and her Royal Consort. We un ts 41 1'd h• intend to pass more than Th.Qe s „ ti, is Grace does not ks at that seat this winter. "▪ '"in and Countess of Shelburne arrived at Lans %o I lse on Thursday from Bowood Park, Wilts, Marquis and Marchioness of Lansdowne are 14) nk 1001. rti t • ard, who is at present in Italy, has caused Adde r 'e given towards the St. John Baptist Church, jeste r . ' t ni , "rt de Rothesay is passing the winter at It s Iss It • veer Christchurch, and we are happy to say Orn health is much improved since his arrival L ord • A "etersburgh. s !• l l' Q de an d Lady Ashburton have, during the week, re seempany at the Grange Hants. His Excellency , - tt r n i eric an 'Minister, and ' Mrs. Everett, and Miss 'Lave been among the visitors to the Noble Earl h Ts„"- s Y s . V (1 4 8 ' marquis of Salisbury is entertaining, at Hatfield the Mat quis of Douro, the Earl of Ellenborough, k•co s i •Ossulston, Viscount and Viscountess Ma lc olm,ter y and Lady itobert Grosvenor, the lion. Capta in 17 41 )1 - e ) ! T t i ' 1 a distinguished party. All the gue sts of the rauis are prolonging their visit, except the * Ol Ell enborough. r nad Stv, t sh ope is still on his tour in Italy , h avin g Th e e visi ts co all the prisicipal cities of the Italian States. I, 4 , z n ii inl 3 l 7 t e i ar Ns .. arl is expected home in the spring of the ee n fa y s h ile ra de Dowager Countess of Sefton, who has Ir e t ime indisposed, is considerably better. - ior Ps ltinger has been passing some days w . ith s -r rtk.l ;ir William Warm, at Newton, Cheshire. „,_ a alLlSClAllasssa.‘ nays. t t s ra nsi s is a s t ""al in the Medical Gazette, that an Arabic -l ine a l -II of the missing books of Galen's Great Ana tit fi , s a i ' w ork la been discovered in the Bodleian library, 5i 5., 041 L . w spe Sir :Peter Laurie mentioned, in the course of sentocieeh itrin n PuicyisM, on Thursday, that the pre wheriffa ,had resolved not to attend any charity ser 11'14 ses e ,re the minister officiated in white, the statement eived with unanimous applause. /I , l l, l%, s ee , s r ' Posit:ening the most perfect symmetry, and uPw arils of forty stone, which was dropped in o -re st Park a,f" Windsor, about five years will Lett aw the annual Christmas cattle show. his to re L - kina'sy animal, when put up for fattening, not , a a four months ago, weighed only fifteen stone. t: •uats,vier, which arrived at the St. Katharine's h ad -- „ -w ha'sf, on 'Wednesday afternoon, from Rotterdam, af okra -- 0 , ley s than sixty-fOuy head of horned cattle on te s i pt ? Gess des a large quaneity of poultry of every de- I sa v egetablea, and other articles of Dutch produce. 4tlve We 'k, says the Perthshire Courier, Lord Kinnaird tu il , a grated battue on the preserves of Rossie Priory to Ras a gt ins ; the result of the day's spGrt was 192 head of ')f all sorts. On Tuesday and . Wednesday the sir 11 (i t t ' and a large party, c onsisting in all of e h adsimilar sport over the pres erves of Scone. head ( 7, . I of both days, we understand, was nearly 350 T he game, chiefly ph easants . alas, splendid new steam-ship Cambria, Capt. Judkins, will to I at Liv erpoo l from the Clyde on Thursday, and tre at her pl ace i n the British and North American nail line, running bet Ween Liverpool and Boston, th e t a 4 th of January next. The Cambria is built on th e 1 0 model as the Hibernia, the swiftest vessel of R' tui ires are in 4. progress for making, in the ensuing 1, wi th 311 f Parliament a renewed efforCto obtain a repeal t soa d t Preliminary nof e trade has atlY L eesu . he y ld, Mr. W. Hawes meeti , presiding t on the occa -08.1.`., at whi c h various resolutions were passed expla cal le of b the vi ews enterta i ne d b y t h e l ea di ng h ouses suje. , )si roa, • stnsfr still intense, and should it continue, by Will L la y or Tuesday the sheets of water in the parks os th t tw i srss , p e l a to l t n ad ß : ic s,e m fi h n . :ond condition for skating. The various Camberwell, Highgate, are covered with ice to the depth of "or three inches. Vo• st PULSOR Y EMI GRATION.—We are authorised to sl at l at e t the par aczra ph un d er t hi s h ea d, w hi c h we copied I)rweek from the London papers, was in part incorrect. t imam, y's voya ge t o Syd ne y, it a pp ears , wa s ptr tary,— West Briton. CO URT CIRCULAR. ITENnson. FRIDAY.—The . Queen and Prince Albert stud the Duke Ernest of NV urtenberg waiiud softie time in the grounds adjacent to the Castle this morn ing. Her Majesty and his Royal• Highness again promenaded in the pleasure-grounds in the afternoon. Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales, the Princess Royal, and the Princess Alice, were taken for their accustomed early airings on the Terrace and in the pleasure-grounds. His Royal Highness Prince Alfred was also taken out to-day. To-morrow (Saturday) her Majesty and Prince AlhTt, and their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Saxe Coburg and Gotha, the Duke Ernest of Wurternberg,. and the Royal Family, will leave the Castle in private for Claremont, where they will remain until after the funeral of her late Royal Highness the Princess Sophia Matilda. The Governor of the Bank of England and the Deputy-Governor had an interview with the Chan cellor of the Exchequer yesterday, at his official resi dence in Downing-street. A deputation from the Tring, Worcester, and Wol verhampton Railway, consisting of Mr. G. C. Glyn, Mr. J. Whitmore Isaac, Mr. Robert Stephenson, Mr. Benbow, and Mr. Carter, had an interview with the Earl of Dalhousie yesterday, at the office of the Board of Trade. A deputation from the Torquay and Newton Rail way, consisting of Mr. Thomas Kitson, Chairman of the Provisional Committee ; Mr. Dymond, engineer ; Mr. Charles Kitson, solicitor; and Mr. Burke, Par liamentary agent, had an interview yesterday with the Earl of Dalhousie. The Chancellor of the Exchequer had an interview with Sir James Graham yesterday, at the Home- office. A deputation from the Great Southern and Western Railway Company, Ireland, consisting of Sir John Macneill, engineer; Messrs. Boothby, Hardy, and Hutton, directors ; Mr. Barrington and Mr. Young, solicitors, had an interview with the Earl of Dalhousi yesterday. Sir John Kirkland, Mr. Francis Mills, and Mr. James M‘Gregor, Directors of the South-Eastern Railway, accompanied by Mr. Robert Stephenson, Mr. P. W. Barlow, Captain William O'Brien, and Mr. J. P. Fearon, had an interview yesterday with the Earl of Dalhousie, at the Board of Trade. A deputation from the North Devon Railway (from Crediton to Barnstaple, with a branch to Bideford), consisting of Mr. L. W. Buck, M.P. ; Messrs. Thomas Burnel Chanter, Mayor of Bideford ; Mr. James Carrot Wilcox, of Exeter ; Mr. Henry Hooper, of Exeter; and Mr. Edward Davy, of Crediton, Pro visional Directors; Mr. Brunel, engineer; Mr. Dymond, Surveyor ; Mr. Bremridge, solicitor ; and Mr. Burke, Parliamentary agent, had an interview yesterday with the Earl of Dalhousie. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council sat yesterday. The appeal, " Pryce Jones v. Francis Godrich," from the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, was resumed. The Solicitor-General was heard for the respondent.—The case was adjourned. TO SIR ROBERT PEEL. (From the Times.) Srn,—lu A ugust, 1841, the Whigs reached the climax of their fate. To narrate to you, Sir, the causes of fall would be at once superfluous and impertinent. I pass, too, over the great measures of their early Admi nistration. It makes a man's head turn round to think of the alterations and changes which were crowded within the narrow limits of a few years. It was an era of gigantic legislation, whether for good or for evil. That much of what is truly and permanently beneficial was then accomplished, I freely admit ; that great poli tical faults. I had almost said crimes, were committed, you, Sir, will be, or would have been, the last to deny. But a change came at last over the spirit of the public. In 1840, and before that, the national hot fit was passing away ; the cold one rapidly approaching. It did not require a deficient revenue met by temporary expedi ents, an Irish alliance injurious because degrading, or violent attacks upon the Constitution, to effect, at least for the time, the complete ruin of the Liberal party. The truth is, that revolutionary reform had lost its charm, and England became weary of the Whigs. These politicians, after exhausting to the dregs their former popularity, and straining or departing from the old prin ciples of their party, fell into great disfavour. This was not sensibly diminished by the adoption of a foreign policy, brilliant, it is true, but full of peril, or by a most able a dministration of the highest branch of equity. The change of public opinion had been made sufficiently manifest. The Whigs, however, were not to be easily warned out of Downing-street. They struggled vainly and unworthily. They introduced, under circumstances of much suspicion. large and radical measures of com mercial reform. Finally, they appealed to the country. The success of that appeal is well known. But even after Parliament had assembled, and the question had been placed beyond a doubt, men beheld with indigna tion, not unmixed with contempt, a great party, pro• fessing to he guided by constitutional principles, clinging to the seals of office with a hold only loosened by a direct vote of want of confidence. During the decline and fall of the world than deNd.iridroetli'baotlul formallySs i r a l r teod clothedb w tt with of the Whigs, no man occupied a larger space in the eyes Even y wer , t 3 ie o n u , nih andad. Govern ment f b fo_ e ort f rh o sea r o e minl y , c mn nin N e % t ' the l ate a p t ( e ) e administrationd that youof thee c uld ountry. r y. our N o fu ture Prime Minister. It was common observationtat the time, that you could do as well without your party as they without you. You had revived amongo the troops of gentlemen who sat behind y ou on the Opposition benches, the spirit of the old Macedonian phalanx. Like, and yet unlike, the northern clan, their swords were a thousand, their bosoms not one. Many a time and oft might you have led them on to the attack as to an assured victory. Their keen anxiety that you should have availed yourself of these opportunities it is needless to enlarge upon ; and their general behaviour upon such occasions convinces one of the extent of their confidence, or of the severity of the discipline. If a high-spirited D'lsraeli tilted at an opponent with too ad venturous a bravery—if an Inglis, impatient under a system to him almost unbearable, ran rusty in debate — the rebuke administered was at least proportionate to the offence. Such feats of undisciplined valour endan gered the order of battle, and disarranged your general plans. You were biding your time. The pear was not quite ripe. The mystery with which, Sir, you chose to surround yourself added terror to your name. Through the mist you loomed upon your enemies with the dimensions of a giant. When the Whigs, in their last struggles, called upon you, in loud tones, and with all the energy of de spair, to explain yourself, to state what you would re commend, you answered them in mocking tones. You could not then say. You were not in possession of all the circumstances of the case. You would reserve your pre scription until the patient was in your hands, and all his symptoms made known to you. You would then adminis ter the medicine, and—receive the fee. This reserve contributed also to fix the support of your friends. Each of them interpreted it favourably for the principles which he secretly cherished. They knew that by fol lowing almost the only piece of advice you had conde scended to give them, they had been remarkably suc cessful. They had diligently attended to the registries, where, Sir, according to the principles of your philo sophy, the constitutional battle must be fought. They had confidence, therefore, in their silent oracle, whose decrees they obeyed with alacrity, if not love. Sir, your accession to power was marked by circum stances of extraordinary good fortune. You had with you the Church, the aristocracy, including the great interest, the bar; I may add also, the great ma jority of manufacturing and commercial men. The middle classes regarded your Government with some thing more than complacency—with positive approba tion. The Radical Rump, with a consistency perhaps to be expected, were your most unscrupulous partisans. Finally, last and least, if your Administration derived n d o cr edit from the officious ai d of Lord Brougham, yielde not so much from love to you as from hatred to his former friends, it was at least saved from his chattering malignity. Opposed to you, Sir, was a party so wanting in union and spirit, so weak, so wo-begone, that it could scarcely form its ranks with sufficient firmness to afford you the satisfaction of an easy victory. Such, Sir, in 1841, was the position of your Go v that vern ment, emphatically ca lled " the strong." 'What i position now ? During the last session of Parliament you at times scarcely commanded a bare majority by the aid of your enemies ; more than once you were defeated by the strenuous exertions of your friends. Could these m enemies have gained an y thin g by driving you fro power, had some of these friends acted more consistednin- tly upon the principle s which the y professed, you ha evitably perished. How to :explain this extraordinary fact ? Have circumstances warred a gainst you since you became First Minister ? No ; fortune a ppears to have waited upon you. The harvests have been abun- re dant. Heaven, in its goodness, has bounteously warded the labours of man. The manufacturing depres sion under which the country had so long laboured, has very much disappeared. Trade has s teadily reverive the d. The foreign policy of y our Government, und guidance of a discreet and firm hand, has been, consi dering the difficulties to be encountered, surprisingly successful. Two distant and expensive wars have been brought to a satisfactory conclusion. Our injured honour has been avenged in the horrible passes of Caubul. From China redrew has been obtained, and her markets have been opened to the world. At least one source of contention with the ambitious and unprincipled Republi cans of North Ame rica have been dried up ; while ou later differences with France have been adjusted with success and with honour. Wh a t fatal influences , then, h av e been at work , Sir , to reduce your Administration to its present deplorable condition? They are sufficiently obvious. The Church, after a century of lethargic slumber, suddenly, and within a recent memory, woke up and found one-third of England without her fold. Many of the richer and middle classes, either indifferent or es. tranged, continued to be Churchmen as much policy and intere st as from any higher motives ; while multitudes of the poor were sunk in ignorance so gross as to be but imperfectly acquainted with the first articles of belief. In the meantime also our vast and wonderful manufacturing system had sprung p. Large bodies of people were massed together at points, particularly in the north of England. The machinery of the church was quite inadequate to the sudden demand, and p.monget these new multitudes Dissent and Infidelity PlitiPta*4 e doubtful contest. Vesiedy roused, however, the Church prepared hefullyaelf with energy foe tlie combat. H e r clergy, who had y shared in the fatal repose, became animated with a new spirit—some, indeed, by one a tot much activity. No douW, Sir Robert Peer, you saw with .•- .. this • - FT-TE SUN LONDON, SATURDAY EVENINII„'DECEMBER 7, 1344. igeneral zeal, by the proper guidance of which so much real good might be effected. You perceived at a glance the orifeal condition the c untry, the position of the Church, and her requirements. All these must have been before you as upon a map. With a statemanship, therefore, peculiarly your own, you pass a few Acts for the improvement of glebe land, and would, if permitted, deprive a remote district of its ancient, much-valued, and much-wanted bishopric. The only opinion to which you chose. to commit your self, before you came into power, was one favourable to the principle of protecting the home grower of corn, and to the machinery of the sliding-scale as the means of such protection. You expressed this opinion, Sir, with a warmth, very unusual to you ; so much so, in deed, that men believed it to be founded upon sincere conviction. That you guarded your declaration is only to say that you made it ; but how much did you not leave for fair inference ? What must then have been the feelings of landowners and farmers when they saw one of your first Ministerial acts not only lower the duties upon the importation of foreign corn, but so to alter the sliding scale as nearly to neutralise its prin ciple ? It has been wittily said, that while with one eye you winked at the landed interest, the manufacturing and commercial classes thought they perceived a hidden meaning in the other. Not knowing their man, they concluded that they understood, and could depend upon, the sign. Some master-stroke of political policy, thought they, was at hand. Some great financial or fiscal mea sures were forthcoming. Perhaps important mutual treaties of commerce with foreign States were nego tiating secretly. These things were passing through;the minds of simple men, when, with the most pompous affectation of elaborate care, you tinkered every joint of our monstrous and inconsistent tariff. Effecting some improvements, you left the great features of the system very much as you found them ; and then—you imposed the income-4%x. These instances may suffice. They are striking, no one will, I think, call them unfair, samples of your mode of government ; for your warmest admirers are at a loss, if asked to explain upon what your home admini stration is founded. It identifies itself with no great principles—it enlists in its favour no general or generous sympathies. It has erected no standard, however hum ble, round which your followers may rally. Calling it self eminently Conservative, it does not distinctly declare what are its objects of conservation. Affecting to resist reform, it has sanctioned measures of violent change. Professing to maintain our existing institutions, it has shifted its ground more than once, and has conducted its defence upon no broad or intelligible plan. I have said that the reserve which you maintained in 1841 forwarded your views ; that it perplexed your ene mies, and inspired with hope your:friends. It has sub sequently contributed to your discomfiture. You com menced by deceiving others, and have ended by deceiv ing yourself. You tried to play a double game, and are in danger of losing both stakes. Your supporters quickly discovered, and would have resented, the cunning trick ; but circumstances forbad, and still continue to forbid, it. Not that they love you more, but that they love the Whigs less. If, therefore, you still command their votes, you cannot boast of possessing either their confidence or their esteem. In the mean time, you appear resolved to take every personal as well as political advantage of your position. Formal witheut dignity, cold without refine ment, your manner towards your friends in the House of Commons is at once distant and ungracious. They en joy neither generous confidence nor friendly intercourse. Without either consultation or explanation, they find their wishes disregarded, their most cherished opinions overruled. In debates upon measures more unpalatable to them than to the Opposition, they are frequently compelled to listen to the language of admonition and reproof, sometimes even to that of menace and command. Now, Sir, I have done. It is clear that matters can not remain long as they are. You must yourself feel upon what an edge you stand. Strong only because your enemies are weak, you will be abandoned at the very first favourable opportunity. If you have any true and familiar friend, he ought to urge you, upon grounds of common prudence, if upon none higher, to retire with some degree of grace, while you may. C. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. THE MANCHESTER AND BOLTON AND LEEDS AND MANCHESTER RAILWAYS. MANCHESTER, THURSDAY EVENING.—This afternoon a special general meeting of the Company of Proprietors of the Manchester, Bolton, and Bury Canal Navigation and Railway was held at Hayward's Hotel, in Bridge street, in this town, for the purpose of taking into consi deration and deciding upon a proposed arrangement be tween the Manchester and Leeds Railway Company, and the said Company of Proprietors jointly, if so agreed with the Hull and Selby Railway Company, for uniting and consolidating into one concern the traffic and busi ness of the said two first-mentioned Companies, or, if so agreed, of the said three Companies, under one manage ment, and for giving such powers and authorities to the Committee of Management, in reference to the terms of, and for carrying out, the proposed arrangement, as the meeting might think fit ; and to authorise the Committee of Management to apply to Parliament for the requisite power to give full effect to any arrange ment which might be conic to between the said two first-mentioned Companies, or between the said three Companies ; and also for taking into consideration and deciding upon the making of provisional arrangements for the management of the traffic and other business of the said two first-mentioned Companies, or, if so agreed, of the said three Companies, in connexion with each other, until the sanction of Parliament could lse ob tained ; or for such other period, and on such terms and conditions, as at such meeting might be agreed upon. James Brancker, Esq., of Liverpool, took the chair. The proposed arrangement provided for the joint work ing in perpetuity of the two railways and navigation, from the Ist of January next, subject to the following stipulations—namely, each Company to remain pro prietors of their own railway and canal, and liable to their own debts and engagements. The joint concern to be managed by an associated board of ten Directors from the Leeds Board, and three from the Man chester and Bolton Committee of Management ; the working stock of the two Companies to become the pro perty of the associated Company. The net profits to be divided iu the proportion of eighty 53-100 to the Leeds Company, and of nineteen 47-100 to the Manchester and Bolton Company for the year 1845 ; and afterwards of seventy-eight 2-10 to the Leeds Company, and twenty one 8-10 to the Bolton Company. The capital for future branches or extension of either line, including the sub scription of the Bolton Company to the Bury and Ros sendale Company, to be contributed by the two Com panies iu the latter proportion. The arrangement to be extended to the Hull and Selby Railway Company, if so agreed. The CHAIRMAN moved that these terms be agreed on. Considerable opposition was shown on the part of the meeting to these terms ; and, A PROPRIETOR moved as an amendment, that the meeting be adjourned to that day six months. A show of hands was taken upon the amendment, and it was declared to be carried by a majority of five. A poll was however demanded, and the result was for the proposed agreement:—Present, 1,248 ; proxies, 1,256. Against it, present, 576 ; proxies, 131 ; showing a ma jority in favour of the agreement of 1,797. The agreement was then carried, and the meeting se parated. RAILWAY SPEED.—On Saturday last, a specia train, consisting of one carriage only, attached to the engine Achilles, left the Paddington station at ten minutes before five o'clock, a.m. After several delays upon the line, and one of nearly half an hour's dura tion at Bristol, the carriage arrived at the station at Exeter at twenty-five minutes past nine o'clock ; thus performing 193,1 miles in 4 hours 35 minutes. The engi neer said he wauld have made the journey from London in 3i hours, had he not been mistaken for the luggage train at some of the small stations, where the signals for stopping were exhibited. The object of this extraor dinary haste was, to enable the plans, sections, and books of reference, of the various projected lines of railway, with which the Great Western Company is connected, to be deposited at the offices of the clerks of the peace for Devon and Cornwall, on that day—the last allowed by law for that purpose. After doing what was n ces sary here, the parties set off, post-haste, for St. Austell, in a chaise and four.— Western Luminary. THE RETRIBUTION STEAM FRIGATE.—This noble steam-ship of war is now lying in the basin of the East India Docks at Blackwall, where she has attracted a good deal of attention from nautical and scientific men, and has been visited by many persons capable of esti mating her merits. She is a remarkably fine vessel, and a perfect model for ships of her class and build. She is of 1,641 tons burden; her length, between perpendiculars, is 220 feet, her extreme breadth 71 feet, the depth of the hold being 26 feet 4 inches. She has not yet got her masts stepped, nor her armament on board, but her pad dles and engine are fixed. The engine has been manu factured at the establishment of Messrs. Maudslay, Son, and Field, Lambeth. It is constructed after the patent of those gentlemen, called the patent double cylinder marine steam-engine, and is of the collective power of 800 horses. The diameter of the cylinder is 12 feet; the length of the stroke 8 feet, and the number of strokes 15. The diameter of the wheel is 33 feet, the breadth 13 feet, draught of water 7 feet, the length of the engine room 75 feet. The great saving of space by the intro duction of this engine is one of the principal advantages obtained by its use. It is certainly superior in this and in other respects to the beam-engines. The Admiralty have adopted them in several steam-ships of war besides the Retribution, and there is one on board the Rattler Archimedean steam-ship. Yesterday they were in operation, and the vessel was visited by many engineers and others, who expreesed their gratification at their power and efficiency. LIEBIG.--One of his greatest merits is one com mon to all high scientific men—the impulse he has given to research. Until his time, and that of Dumas che mistry, with few excepti ons , h a d never be e n applied to the explanation of the processes of life ; for physiolo gists confined themselves either to the anatomical exa mination of man and animals—vague theories of their functions—or learned theoretical disquisitions on the nature and cause of life. Nevertheless, it must be ad mitted, that an immense mass of facts were accumulated, though nearly valueless, from want of connexion. It is the credit of Liebig, that, departing with equal ingenuity and originality from the old scholastic ideas which ruled the science, he, though almost i gnorant o f anatom y, a t least of its details, has done something to classify and reduce the hitherto shapeless mass, the chaotic jumble, to a beautiful and connected whole ; and, though some times forgetting the true inductive method of reasoning, And j thrum's . at conclusions, unsupported by facts, no one can deny that many of Ills theories are characterised by extreme beauty and simplicity, and. thqt his works abound in clever and valuably suggestions, which will one day become the fruitful germs of new and important discoveries.—Medical Times. COURT OF SEWERS. A Court of Sewers for the City and Liberty of West minster, and part of the County of Middlesex, was held yesterday evening in the office, 1, Greek-street, Soho square. T. L. Donaldson, Esq., in the chair. After the routine business of the Court had been dis posed of, The CHAIRMAN rose to bring before the Court a no tice he had caused to be inserted in the paper ; for the day. It was to "call the attention of the Court, in order to ascertain whether a Commissioner has the power of withdrawing the books from th e o ffi cers , or otherwise interfering with them in the discharge of their duties ; and to consider the regulations to be adopted in refer ence to this subject." There was no position so painful on the part of a Chairman in the whole' range of duties, ;than the being obliged, by a sense of public duty, to bring forward matter that might appear personal to any Hon. Commissioner ; bat be must, as Chairman, be considered the confidential adviser of the officers gone rally, and therefore always reaey to receive any informa tion, and to remove any obstacle to the efficient per formance of their duties. An Hon. Commissioner, well known for his indefatigable zeal, for his close attention to the business of the Court, and for his unwearied dili gence, had occupied a considerable portion of time during the past year in making inquiries from the officers, in order to put himself in possession of the various trans actions of that Court. Nothing could be mote com mendable than this—showing, as it did, a more than ordinary anxiety to make himself thoroughly acquainted with his obligations as a Commissioner, and with the business of that office ; but when that Commissioner paid but too little deference to the feelings of others-- Mr.' LESLIE —You had better name me at once. The CHAIRMAN—No. He wished to act on the broad principle of a desire to know the limits of an Hon. Commissioner's power, and what was for the future to be the relative position of himself, of Hon. Commis sionors, and of the officers of that Court ? This Hon. Commissioner had examined accounts at various times— he had the officers before him to examine and to cross examine. Whether this was at all within the province of an Hon. Commissioner, and whether he was em powered to do so, was a great and serious question on his (the Chairman's) mind. These inquiries might arise from a desire of investigating into the truth of cer tain alleged facts ; but this might also arise from a de sire to catch the officers tripping, and so to bring charges against them at the several sittings of the Court. But he (the Chairman) must also add, that the Hon. Com missioner in this case, in pursuing these investigations, had done so in a manner neither pleasing nor satisfactory to the officers. lie had examined them in a mode harsh, offensive, and unjust, such as was not at all con templated in the terms of the Commission. A short time since he had occasion to look at some book be- longing to the clerk of the works, which he had thought proper to take into his own custody, but ulti mately he handed it over not to the chief of that, but to the chief of another department. He would now read a letter from Mr. Hawkins, the assistant-sur veyor, containing the matter which he had thought of sufficient importance to bring in this manner before the notice of the Court. The Chairman then read the letter in question, dated the 19th of November, in which the writer complained that Mr. Leslie had detained a certain book of levels, and had handed it over to Mr. Hertzlett, the principal clerk, with instructions not to part with it. The writer had asked Mr. Leslie for the book, but that Hon. Commissioner would not return it unless he (Mr. Hawkins) would guarantee that no alterations or erasures would be permitted on it. Under these cir cumstances, he had felt it his duty to communicate with the Chairman on the subject. Mr. MULLINS—That was a matter of grave impor tance.—(Cries of " Chair, chair," and repeated inter ruptions.) As a Court of Record, he submitted that no hypothetical case could come under the cognisance of that Court. A statement had been made of an uncalled for interference with an officer by an Honourable Com naisssoner. He wished that Hon. Commissioner's name mentioned. It might, indeed, be inferred that Mr. Leslie's was meant ; but when a charge of such an im portant character was made, it was but right that the individual intended should be mentioned to the Court. The CHAIRMAN—Oh, Mr. Leslie is the gentleman I mean. Mr. LAURIE objected, on a point of order. He quite agreed with the Hon. Commissioner who had spoken last, but he would suggest that a special day be appointed for the consideration of this subject after the Chairman should have furnished his statement. He would, there fore, propose that the regular business of the Court go on—(No, no, no)—and then let them, at a future oppor tunity, deal with this charge against Mr. Leslie. The CHAIRMAN thought that if Hon. Commissioners were allowed, on other occasions, to go on without inter ruption, the same courtesy might be conceded to him. Mr. LESLIE really would wish that the Chairman should be heard. Mr. CANTWELL—If not too much trouble, I would wish that letter of Mr. Hawkins read again.—(" No, no, it hes been read already.") The CHAIRMAN—Now the question was, had gentle men a right to take away the books of certain officers, and to transfer them to other officers? If that were to be allowed, where, he asked, would the inconvenience end? Was it to be supposed that because Job was given over by the Almighty tobe tormented by Satan, that that Court should give over their officers to be tormented by indi vidual Commissioners?—(Laughter, and " Hear, hear.") The officers felt an irksomeness in the discharge of their duties ; they looked on every meeting of the Court with dread, because they then expected to be tortured and put upon the rack ; and, constituted as the Commission then was, there was no hope of public business progress ing, if some means were not adopted to prevent a con stant introduction of the subject by the Hon. Coeamis sioner. Mr. BARRY BALDWIN, M.P., said, perhaps the chair man would allow him to interrupt him for a moment. He would suggest that it would be fairer to the indivi dual charged if a plain statement of facts were made, without any observations similar to those the chairman had thought proper to make.—(Loud cries of" hear, hear.") He was sure the chairman would agree with him that a plain statement of facts would meet with due considera tion from every gentleman present. He did not wish to defend Mr. Leslie any more than he did the officers of the court, to whom he wished the best protection of the Commissioners should be afforded ; but he did think in making a charge against an honourable member of the Court, the passions and feelings ought not to be aroused. —(Hear, hear). It was better that a plain statement should be put forth, and the matter be left to the consi deration of the Court.—(Hear). The CHAIRMAN wished only to bring the facts of the case in the fullest manner before them. This he would say, that if the business of the officers were impeded, as it had lately been, the Court must go on differently from what it had done.—(Hear, hear, and cheers from both sides.) He meant as regarded the conduct of one Hon. Commissioner. The Court had hitherto maintained a high character—(Hear, hear)—but it would remain to be seen whether, with a continuance of these proceed ings, it would still maintain that high character. In stead of having argument after argument upon a matter settled by a previous Court, yet brought forward by the Hon. C o mmissioner-- Mr. J. GUNTER—We are entering now on another matter.—(Hear, hear.) The CHAIRMAN then concluded by leaving the matter in the hands of the Court. Mr. LAURIE asked if any communication had passed upon the subject between the Chairman and Mr. Hertz lett previous to the. sitting of that Court ? After some desultory conversation, the Chairman not having answered the question, Mr. LESLIE said that the question put by his friend, Mr. Laurie, was a most proper one ; and, before pro ceeding further, he should wish it answered. The letter of Mr. Hawkins he had never heard of till that moment; but it seemed to contain only two grounds of complaint —the first, that he had withdrawn the book ; and the second, that the matter might have been brougt before the last Court by him, but that he had neglected to do so. It might be remembered that he wished to go on, but the Court was adjourned by some Hon. Commissioner, He should, however, before going further, wish the Chairman to answer the question put to him. The CHAIRMAN admitted that some letters had passed between himself and Mr. Hertzlett, which he had no objection should be read to the Court. The correspondence, consisting of several letters, was then read. The CHAIRMAN then referred to the regulation of the Court, and argued that the book in question ought never to have been out of the surveying department. He granted, indeed, that it might, when the surveyors had left the premises, be kept by the chief office clerk, Mr. Hertzlett, who might be held the custodies pro tent., but during the hours of business the case was very different. Mr. LESLIE requested that Messrs. Dowley and Haw kins, the surveyors, should be called into Court. They were sent for. Mr. LESLIE then continued. He had found that they were to pay a sum of 2,0001., or that they were to pay large sums of money generally, to the contractors' ac count for work done. He believed that account very imperfectly understood. He himself thought that the terms of the contract were that the contractors should do a certain quantity of work at 2s. per cubic yard. He had, however, found that the charges for the Eastern and Western District had been little short of 10,000 L, at an average depth of so-and-so, and at per foot lineal. Then it occurred to him to ascertain bow the depths were taken, because they might be so taken, that on the one hand they would be very unjust to the contractor, and on the other to the public. He had examined these depths, and had gone through the measurement of every work for the last three years ; and as far as plans and sections — Another COMMISSIONER—AII this is quite another thing. Are you guilty, or not guilty P Mr. LAURIE — The gentleman is charged, and surely he will be heard in his defence. Such a monstrous in terruption I never heard before. The CHAIRMAN thought it too serious a matter to be trifled with ; and in fairness, Mr. Leslie was entitled to a reply. Mr. LESLIE had looked at the book of measurements, and looked over the day-books, and had found figures entered of certain depths. He had then said that there must be some other book, and Mr. Jenkins brought for ward a book, called the book of levels, and he had found the entries all in pencil. Now Mr. Hertzlett would perhaps have the kindness to put that book before the C o mmissioners, and he begged that it might be sent down the table.—(The book was handed round.) On searching over the records he had found that a Committee sitting in 1836 for the purpose of aseertain ing the working of the Court, then had it in the chief officer's evidence that Mr. Jenkins had been in the habit of receiving the contractors' ledgers to copy his vouchers from. Yet those clerks of the works were men in whose integrity for a f a ithful discharge of their duties the public 4nd the Court were bound to coincide. Mr. Jen kins, the clerk of the works at that time, was in a state of probation, and it was moved " that Robert Jenkins be di: nissed." He was sorry that only six Commissioners had voted for his dismissal, and more sorry that a great majority of the Court thought that such a probation fully entitled him —was, in fact, worthy of having his name placed upon that establishment. The CHAIRMAN said something that was inaudible. Mr. LESLIE was going on to show that Mr. Jenkins did now what he had done in the days of his probation. Ile had said that he had been in the habit of copying the books of the contractor and the then clerk—(not the present, for whom he, he believed, in common with all the members of that Court, had the highest respect)— Mr. Houseman, bad, at the desire of the Committee, written to Messrs. Bird requesting them to send their ledgers to the Court, in order to ascertain how much had been written there by Mr. Jenkins, or any other clerk of works.' The answer was, that the Birds threw up their contract; but do ledger came. He now came to Bow-street. The Court had ordered 1,400/. to be spent on that work, and the Court had ordered no more.— (Hear, hear.) The bill, however, for that 1,4001. came to 2,0601. Now ho wanted to know whether that Court was determined to hand over to parties the authority given them by certain statutes and a Commission from the Crown, to persons who were not mentioned in the Commission, or responsible to that Court ? The CHAIRMAN (interrupted)--The question had re ference to a certain book. He wished to hear the Hon. Commissioner cite his authority for detaining that book. Mr. LESLIE—The statute said that every Commis sioner should have the power of seeing that that Com mission was properly carried out. Let them bring the measurement of the work in Howland-street, and Mr. Jenkins with it, and he would prove his statement. The CHAIRMAN said the indictment was that he, as a simple Commissioner, had taken a book and handed it over to another officer. Mr. LESLIE said that he admitted in the fullest and a to lk n l d r . I h i e e r u t . z o l u e l t d t i N u I s r . . j e i n g pencil, ve tify his so doing. le was only, as he considered, dis meonsit,i perfect ns boorini,at it manner beingeth that he charging his duty as a Commissioner. He thought the thing wrong, and he would put it on the broad principle that he had acted rightly.—(Hear, hear.) Mr. ILlwitnis then addressed the Court very shortly, and his manner evinced a strong indisposition to bring himself into personal collision with any of the Hon. Members. His statement was, that the book taken pos session of by Mr. Leslie was not one of those considered as official. It contained mere private memoranda, for the contents could not be supposed public matter until exhibited before the Court, and was not, that he was aware, considered official in any of the regulations or orders. He was not aware, besides, that any of the orders should be written in ink. Mr. LESLIE wished to know from Mr. Dowley if these were public documents ? Mr.llowLEr. considered they were. Mr. Jenkins here introduced the section of Howland street. Mr. LESLIE would remind the Court that this was a question involving an absolute loss of 15,000/. or 20,000/. The CHAIRMAN—But the question is, has an llon. Commissioner the right to withdraw these books? Mr. B. BALDWIN—Mr. Leslie is going on to prove that he was justified in the course he adopted. The CHAIRMAN—But supposing, even for the sake of argument, that the books were wrong— Mr. LAURIE—Don't suppose anything wrong. Every thing can be proved.—(Hear, hear.) Mr. Leslie had, first of all, established that those books were public docu ments. After some interruption, which only served to distract he attention of the Court from the main question, Mr. LESLIE proceeded to question Mr. Jenkins upon the average depths on the hue of Howland-street. The work was 842 feet 9 inches in length, at an average of 14 feet 7 inches taken at seven several depths. Three in the first hundred feet, one in the second hundred, one in the third hundred, one in the next one hundred and fifty, and another to the end of the work, Mr. Jenkins thus missing one three hundred feet before he took a depth. Mr. JENKINS answered all questions in the affirmative, and said, when the examinati on was fi n i s h e d, "I won ' t b e brow-beat, Sir; my books are down in black and white ; and I defy the man that can say there that black is white."—(Cries of " Order, order.") Mr. LESLIE wished to know if the 300 yards was not the narrowest part ? Mr. JENKINS—My books are there ; I won't be brow beat—(Hear, hear)—here as I have been elsewhere. Captain BAGUE said he had been asked that question last Court day, and had not seen proper to give the solu tion that he did that day. Mr. JENKINS—The inquiry had never been made. Mr. LESLIE was going to put other questions to Mr. Jenkins, when- The CHAIRMAN said he would put it to the Hon. Com missioner whether he thought a reference to the How land-street sewer would justify him in this matter ? Mr. LESLIE said he did not know how he could possi bly go on without first proving in what way the business of the Court had been done. The CHAIRMAN—Was the course pursued justifiable? Mr. BROUGHTON, after remarks upon the inconvenience that would accrue if all members of the Court were to possess themselves of books as Mr. Leslie had done, suggested that the Commission should appoint a special Committee to take the thing into consideration. Mr. BARRY BALDWIN thought that extreme cases re quired extreme remedies. He, with the Hon. Member (Mr. Leslie), suspected that pencilled books were not exactly proper, and he was of opinion that the Hon. Commissioner did only what any Commissioner of just principles would do—he had deposited the book with the chief clerk in the office. He did not hinder any body from consulting it; the only exaction he made was .that the book should not be altered or erased He (Mr. B. Baldwin) would have done the very same. Thole could be no doubt entertained that the Hon. Com missioner intended it all to come before the Court at a future time, and if he were the Hon. Commissioner he would take it on the broad ground that he had a right to take possession of the book, and that suspecting that the book had not been kept in a proper way according to the rules of the Court, he had accordingly deposited it with the proper officer. The CHAIRMAN apprehended Mr. Leslie had not de posited it with the proper officer. Mr. BeinwiN contended that the book had been de posited by Mr. Leslie with the proper officer of the Court, and that it had not, in the terms of the motion before the Court, been withdrawn.—(Hear, hear.) Mr. LESLIE—Why, Mr. Hawkins afterwards got the book and deposited it with Mr. Hertzlett. That notice on the paper was merely an avant courier sent out by the Chairman, to ascertain the strength of the Court. The speaker, after some further observations, all having re ference to the question, during which he was frequently interrupted by other Hon. Commissioners, concluded by stating that he had only done, a s h e h o p e d he had always done, his duty, and he left the matter now in their hands. After some other observations, a resolution was moved by an lion. Commissioner, seconded by Mr. Hawkins, " That no Hon. Commissioner have power to with draw books, or otherwise interrupt the officers of the Court in the discharge of their duties.' Mr. BALDWIN wished the Court should not be misled as to the charge thar Mr. Leslie had withdrawn the book. That gentleman had not done so, and he wished the Court to be set right upon this point before they came to a decision. He did not withdraw it either from the officer or the Commissioners ; but he placed it, in his (Mr. Baldwin's) opinion, in the custody of the person who ought to have charge of it. The rule, No. 29, stated, " That the clerk do reside on the premises and have charge thereof and of the public documents." It was true that at page 23 there was mention made of the " books in use in the surveyors' department," but nothing was said of that department having charge of the books at all.—(Hear.) As he read it the clerk had had charge of the books. Now it was with the clerk that the book in question had been deposited, with authority to allow any person to inspect it, but not to permit any altera tions or erasures to be made in it. He thought the course taken by Mr. Leslie was a wise one, and should, there ' fore, vote against the resolution. Mr. WILLOUGHBY contended that the Commissioners had no right to take possession of any book. Mr. LAURIE denied that Mr. Leslie had in any way impeded the officers in the discharge of their duty. There was not a tittle of evidence to warrant such a charge. He hoped the matter might be allowed to drop here. The Court was on its last legs.—(Hear, hear.) He thought its doom was sealed, and he rejoiced at it, for lie deemed it necessary for the rate-payers that the Govern ment should assume the powers exercised by the Com missioners. Mr. FULLER said the evident object was not to further any public good, but to put down Mr. Leslie. He was obliged to the Hon. Commissioner, for if he could not agree in all the particulars, he was satisfied that he was right in the general principle. After some further discussion, the question was put 'rom the Chair, when there appeared for the resolution, 16 ; against it, 9—majority, 7. The Court then adjourned. EXPERIMENTS IN THE MARSHES AT WOOLWICH. Lieut.-Colonel Dansey, C. 8., Lieut.-Colonel Wylde, C. 8., Lieutenant Colonel Chalmer, Assistant-Director- General of Artillery, Lieut.-Colonel Durnford, Major Hardinge, K. 11., Major Macbean, Captain Dupuis, Capt. and Adjutant Mitchell, Captain and Adjutant Tiretuan, of the loyal Artillery, and Captain Collin, loyal Navy, assembled in the Marshes on Thursday afternoon, to witness experiments with concussion shells, fitted with fuzees, on Wilton's principle, adopted by Lieut.-Colonel Dansey, to be fired at greater distances than point blank range, and with an extra charge of powder, without ex ploding until the lapse of ten seconds, or burning the full length of the fuzee after their discharge from the guns, except whoa they hit a very hard object, such as the side of a vessel, when it is expected they will at that moment of time burst by the force of the concussion. In consequence of the crowded state of the river with vessels pas& ing the practice range, it was found impossible to fire more than three rounds—two from 32-pounder guns, and one from a6B pounder gun ; but they afforded evidence that it is possible to make Wilton's fuzees to carry a range of 600 yards, and project the shells to which they are fitt, d with extra charges of powder without the shells bursting before the time calculated upon, a very important point, as when they burst at the mouth of the gun, or before they reach the object against which they are directed, they are as liable t, destroy friends as foes. The usual charge for firing shells from guns of the same length and calibre as those used during the ex periments is slbs. of powder for 32-pounders, but on this occasion 81bs. were used ; and the usual charge of a CS-pounder for shells is 61bs., but on this occasion 101bs were used, and the result proved that the fuzees were perfectly safe and capi.ble of resisting not only the extra force of the charge, but when the shells entered the mound, which they all did without striking the bulk head, the yielding nature of the earth prevented their explosion until the extreme length of the fuzee had burned out, when they burst with tremendous effect. It was 'intended, had the river been clear of vessels, to li..tve made further experiments with Mr. Marsh's fuzces with similar extra charges of powder, at the 600 yards distance selected for the experiments, and with other fuzees, the invention of Lieutenant Colonel Dansey, and fuzees on a plan submitted by Mr. Tyers, of the proof department in the Royal Arsenal, but they have been postponed to a future period. Captain llennis, with Lieutenants Lennox, Henry and C. J. Strange, had the 'charge of the party, consisting of three non-commis sioned officers, and thirty gunners and drivers for the guns, and one non-commissioned officer and six gunners and drivers, and three buglers for the range. THE PASTORAL LETTER OF THE BISHOP OF EXETER. Good intentions, doubtless, partake, in some mea sure, of the quality of virtues ; but they are like virtues meditated rather than virtues performed ; and mere intentions are, after all, not only as unsub stantial as shadows; but, like them, they often throw a chill upon objects which were previously enjoying the light of the sun, and flourishing in its warmth. Of the good intentions of the Lord Bishop of Exeter, no man, we think, will be so hardy or so prejudiced as to doubt. At all events, we do not. Yet must we, nevertheless, confess the disappoint ment we have felt on laying down his Lordship's pastoral letter on the observance of the rubrics—to find in it so much of promise, and so little of per formance—itself so great in intent, and so small in accomplishment. 'We are sure that this letter will perplex many a young clergyman, who has been anxiously awaiting its appearance, in order to be guided out of the con fusion into which he had fallen, amid the khyrinth of contradictory passages in the well-meant, but un decisive, Helston decision. Like him, though look ing with great respect on that judgment, and viewing it more as the summing up of conflicting testimonies by a judge than the decisive verdict of a jury, we hoped to discover in the promised pastoral letter such fixed directions for the guidance and knowledge of the Church at large, that sueh cases as that of Helston might never have a chance to rise again to disturb a Church's peace, or to perplex a bishop's judgment, by calling on him to make a decision where he could decide nothing. For this we have sought throughout the various paragraphs of this letter, and sought in vain. To us it appears that the clergymen of the diocese of Exeter must be more at a loss, not as to the know ledge of what they may do, but as to that of what they may expect by so doing, than they were be fore. The non-decisive decisions of the Helston case are left precisely where they were ; and the expectant public, who allowed the difficulties of the case, and the general fairness with which they were treated, though not settled, are precisely in the same predica ment. They are exactly, with regard to enlighten ment, where they were. They know that that which is legal is according to law; beyond that, all is still dark, confused, and perplexing. Yet no blame can be charged personally on the bishop. He has a matter to treat which, by a single individual, is not treatable. " A bishop on his throne (it has been said) is entitled to profound reverence, as also is a parish priest in his pulpit ; but in any ques tion of usage, doctrine, and law, unless they are de livering the judgment of a lawfully constituted court, they are only private clergymen—the one a private priest, the other a private bishop." In all honesty and fairness of purpose, the Bishop of Exeter takes upon himself what can only be fitly undertaken by the united wisdom of the heads of the Church, and he consequently fails. Nothing else, in such a case, could possibly be expected. Since writing the above, we have learned that the bishop has issued a circular to the rural deans of his diocese, directing them to convene the clergy of their respective deaneries on an early day to hear his Lordship's pastoral letter read, and to fix a day for holding another meeting to consider its contents! Alas ! what can ensue from such partial proceed ings but a species of religious protocolling, from which neither the Church nor the laity will derive any benefit ? Such directions remind us of the words used by an Elizabethan poet, who says— "Strong fevers are not eased With council, but with best receipts and means— Means, speedy means, and certain ; that's the cure." —Church and State Gazette. SUICIDE BY INHALING THE VAPOUR OF CHARCOAL. Thursday afternoon, Mr. Walton, the Coroner for the Tower of London and its precincts, held an in quest at the Queen's Head public-house, Tower-hill, on the body of Thomas Smith, aged 35, late book seller at 2, King-street, Tower-hill. The inquiry lasted nearly three hours. David hates Lewis, staymaker, 29, King-street, had known the deceased for about nine months, but until lately had not had any conversation with him, except on business. Last saw him alive on Monday evening about five o'clock ; but be tween nine and ten o'clock the same night witness heard him talk to somebody. Did not see deceased en Tuesday. Wednesday morning witness's wife informed him that the street-door was not fast, and that she did not think the deceased had come home on Tuesday night. Witness lives on the first floor of the premises, and deceased had a sitting-room on the second, and slept in a back attic. Wednesday morning witness went up stairs and knocked at deceased's bed-room, but not receiving'any answer, he pushed open the door and saw deceased lying on his back on the bed, ap parently dead. Witness did not go into the room at the time, but went and informed Mr. 0. Dowling, the landlord, living at No. 30, in the same street, what he had witnessed. Mr. Dowling and Mr. Pringuer subsequently accompanied witness to the bed-room, and having felt deceased's feet they found them cold and stiff. There was no lock on the door, and a large flannel bed-gown was fastened between the door and door-post, and a brown cloth coat was found lying at the back of the door, evidently for the purpose of preventing the admis sion of air. The most important evidence given was that of Mr. Pringuer, who deposed to his having known the deceased between seven and eight years. Deceased had given up his shop in King-street about three weeks ago. Had formerly been a grocer, schoolmaster, linendraper, and lastly a bookseller, and had accumulated a little money, which he had laid out in the purchase of a Dutch bond, said to be for 1,000 guilders. Latterly he had been getting into debt. Mr. John Hutchins, surgeon, Trinity-square, said he went to the residence of the deceased, and found that the body was partially warm, but in his opinion life had been extinct between two and three hours. Searched the room and bed along with Mr. Child, the summoning officer, but could not find anything calculated to produce death, except an ash-pan con taining partially consumed charcoal. Attributes death to suffocation by the charcoal, and believes, from the contents of a letter addressed to Mr. Pringuer, and the care which had been taken to pre vent the admission of air into the room, that deceased had purposely destroyed himself. Two letters, sup posed to be in the handwriting of the deceased, were found in his coat•pocket, the one simply addressed " Mr. Pringeur," and the other to " Mr. Ruff, Hysted, Sittingbourne, Kent." The CORONER called for the production of Mr. Pringuer's letter, which was read to the jury. It was without signature or date. It commenced " Dear friend," and contained expressions of the most incohe rent kind, that life was not worth enjoying when as sailed by adversity, and he tells Mr. Pringuer that the " less publicity that is given to the letter the better." Verdict—That the deceased, being of unsound mind, killed himself by inhaling the vapour of effluvia of charcoal. NOVEL FEAT.—A Plymouth correspondent fur nishes the following aquatic novelty:—" A great deal of curiosity and surprise has been manifested during the past week by those who have witnessed the manner in which one of the officers of the Caledonia, flag ship, now lying in Hamoaze, comes on shore. He descends the ship's side to the water's edge, puts on a mackintosh-dress, and inflates it with air by means of a small pair of bellows. lle then steps into the water, and immured nearly up to the breast, with two small paddles very rapidly works himself on shore. As soon as he lands he takes off his dress, and throw ing it across his arm, it being very light, attends to his duty or his pleasure as it may be. On Monday last he landed twice at the dockyard in the way described ; and he now laughs at the idea of taking a boat. During the time the Caledonia was in the Sound he left that ship in a similar manner, and unattended by any boat, landed at the Admiral's Hard, Stonehouse, a distance of three miles. He carries the bellows with him in case of too rapid an exhaustion nf. air. It has been told me that during the trial cruise a the ships in the Channel he passed by this extraordinary means from one ship to the other. I cannot vouch for this' fact ; but the truth of the rest may be relied on. Should it be generally adopted, it will he a very amusing trip for half-a-dozen to take round the Eddystone Lighthouse." ' TILE GAME Laws.—Report is gaining ground, to the' effect that a Bill will he brought into Parliament during the ensuing session, to limit the price which game dealers are to charge the public for game, and that at a very low rate. This would be a most excellent measure; it would be a check upon those game preservers who " make a trade" with surplus game ; a check also upon the poachers, for it would not then be worth his while to poach, his profits so scanty, that the present temptation would be ended ; and a check too upon the dealer who purchases of the poacher, because he could buy as cheap of those who have legal right to sell as he could do of the poacher. It is high time something was done re specting the disgraceful game-preserving and the game law=. The cost of the game mania to the public is scan dalous ; let those who wish to have their tyrannical pet —tier such it is—pay for it, not the community at larg - e, they are taxed and oppressed enough without pay ing for the exclusive game propensity of the aristoeracy.—Front a Col respondent. AFTER-DINNER SESSION'S. (From Punch.) The following report of the trial of a visonor " after dinner " will serve to show the expe, ncy of discontinuing evening sittings, recommendeL by Sir James Graham. _ Judge (taking his seat)—Ha ' ha, ha! very good— excellent—a capital joke. Ha,ha! Counsel (coming in)—Ha, ha, ha! The wine's better than they gave us last session. Ha. ha ! Jury (entering the box)—A very good hwise that ! and the brandy-and-water prime, wan't it Officer of the Court—John Thomson ! oh, that's the prisoner—(to the gaoler). John Thomas, you stand charged— Gaoler—My name's not John Thomson, I don't stand charged—you mean the prisoner. Officer of the Court—Well, it's all the samt'. What does the prisoner say—Guilty or Not Guilty ? Prisoner—Not guilty. Ist Counsel—Gentlemen of the jury, it is my painful duty to appear for the prosecutor — Prisoner—That's the gentleman who was pail to defend me. 2d Counsel—Oh, then it's a mistake. You're for the defence, I am for the prosecution, ha, ha, ha! Judge—That's a good joke—ahem ! ahem ! I mesa to say, the gravity of justice requires that we should sift—l say sift—every case that comes before us. Prisoner at the bar, you have been convicted of having -Ist Counsel—Your Lordship mistakes, the man is not tried. Judge—These interruptions from the bar are very unbecoming. It is impossible I can sit here to be in' terrupted by counsel. 2d Counsel—Call the first witness ; what's his name ? Usher (calls)—" What's -his-name."—(A general laugh, in which the bench, bar, and jury join.) Judge—l must commit if this sort of conduct is repeated. Prisoner at the bar, what have you to say to the charge ? Ist Counsel—My friend has not made out any case ; I submit there is nothing to go to the jury. Judge—Gentlemen of the jury, you have heard such ef the facts of this distressing case as are capable lof being conveyed to your knowledge. Gentlemen, the criminal law of this country draws a happy dis tinction between assumed guilt, and guilt actually proved. In Hawkins's " Pleas of the Crown," you will find all this laid down much better than I can explain it to you. Gentlemen, I shall not detain you with any further observations, but I leave the case in your hands, with this simple observation, that if you have any doubt you must give the benefit of that doubt to the prisoner. The jury (laughing among themselves)—Of course we must let him off. We've heard nothing against him. Foreman of the jury—We find the prisoner not guilty.. - Clerk of the Court—Both of them ? Ist Counsel—Both of them ! There is but one. Really, Mr. Associate, this is very annoying. Judge—Prisoner at the bar, you have had a very narrow escape. If we see you here again you will certainly be transported. You belong to a bad lot. lam quite convinced of that. Hol!o ! where's the prisoner ?. Gaoler—He's gone, my Lord. Judge—Gone ! I wanted to warn him (smiling at the bar). These fellows are rather too quick for us. Counsel (tying up their papers)—Yes, my Lord. Ha! ha ! ha ! ha! Are you go'ng towards the Temple? I've got a cab waiting. Jury (going)—Well, that's the way to get through the calendar, anyhow. Usher (putting out the candles)—l believe you. MILITARY RULES FOR PROVOST PRISONERS. A new code of regulations has been prepared by corn mand of Field-Marshal the Duke of Wellington, o f which the following is a summary. By it we find that it is intended that a strictly regimental system of imprisonment is to be establishcl, by the construction of cells in every garrison or barrack in the kingdom. The rules consist of 31 sections. By the first, every garris,)n or barrack cell is to be applicable for c3nfinement of sol diers, for periods within the limits of present regula tions, and for carrying into effect the sentence of imprisonment by courts-martial, for periods not ex ceeding 28 days. Imprisonment in cells to be either solitary or mixed; in the former case prisoner not to leave the cell except for air and exercise; in the latter case, when imprisonment and hard labour are awarded, drill in marching order to be the means of punishment. For irree'ularities, or minor breaches of discipline, while under confine ment, commanding officers of garrison or commal.ding officers of corps may order the diet of prisoner to be reduced, or place l on bread and water, period not ex ceeding seventy-two hours, and to be deprived of bed. ding. Offences and punishment to be recorded and furnished to prisoner's commanding officer. Cells to be inspected and prisoners visited by orderly officer of gar rison. 'When necessary to imprison soldiers of corps sta tioned at a distance in barracks occupied by any parti cular regiment, such prii.oners to be attached to and. subsisted by such regiment, ‘vhile under confinement, and until opportunity ofi,l s of forwarding them to their owl corps. In garrison or barracks a sergeant to be appointed to cells, to perform duties of provost sergeant ; to perform no other duty whilst hold ing that office, and to be allowed such assistants as may be deemed necessary. Provost-serjeants will be especially employed in taking charge of cells, and responsible for safe custody of prisoners, and for carrying into effect sentences, and bound to receive, and release prisoners, on requisition signed by com manding officer, without reference to any other authority. Commanding officer to send for pri soners at expiration of imprisonment ; failing to du so, provost-sergeant to send them to their regiment or corps, so that no man be detained in confinement beyond prescribed period. To take care prisoners are sup-- plied with regular meals ; not to hold or permit un. necessary communication with them. No one to visit prisoners, except chaplain and officers of their regiment. Health of prisoners to be attended to. Not to hold conversation with each other, or anyone, during exercise, under pain of further punishment. Prisoner, when in cell, to have means of communicating with provost-sergeant. Regulations as to cleanliness, ven tilating, and warming cells, &c. Tobacco and liquor& of all descriptions prohibited. No books allowed is cells, except such as approved by garrison or army, chaplain. Provost-sergeant to make daily report to offi cer of the day. To treat prisoners kindly. In case of urgent necessity, any prisoner to be placed in hand cuffs. Prisoners to attend Divine service on Sundays with rest of troops. Diet of prisoners in cells—Bread and potatoes, or oatmeal and potatoes only, with milk, if recommended in special cases by medical officer. Provost-sergeant to perform police duties of barrack or garrison near which cells are situated. To visit can teens in neighbourhood and prevent drunkenness or riot, to repress irregularity, &c., in barracks. Provost sergeant to keep journal and record occurrences re lating to health and discipline of prisoners, &c., for in. formation of commanding officer; also a book in which shall be entered offences against prison rules, and pu nishments awarded. The three last sections relate to fitness of cells for use, occupation, &c. " LIFE IS SWEET."—On Friday last, the 29th as the Lady Brisbane steamer was on her way from Stranraer to this port, when nearly opposite Lendalfoot the captain and passengers observed two of the feathered tribe flying towards them, the one apparently in deadly pursuit of the other. When first noticed, they were at a considerable distance seaward. Many a sudden wheel and hair-breadth escape the poor fugitive made ; and on their approaching nearer, the one was discovered to be a lark flying for life from its pursuer, which belonged to the hawk species. So close was the hawk on the poor lark, that the latter made a halt and sat for afew seconds on the surface of the ocean ; while the former wheeled past, and, making a circuitous turn, was just oa the eve of pouncing fatally upon his victim, when it again got on the wing, and, flying on board the Lady Brisbane, actually alighted on the breast of the mate, who was at the helm, the hawk not being more than six yards dis tant. The mate took up the little songster, and brought it safely to Ayr, where ho set it at liberty.—Ayr Observer. INCENDIARY FIRE ON THE FARM OF MR. ABEL SMITH, M.P., AT WATTON.—HERTFORD, WEDNESDAY. —A fire broke out last evening at Bardolph's Farm, Witton, in the occupation of Mr. Kimpton. The fire was first observed in a barley barn, in the centre of the extensive farm-yard, at about half-past eight o'clock, and expresses were immediately sent off to the neighbouring towns for the engines ; and in the course of two hours the Hertford, Ware, and Stevenage engines were upon the spot. The flames had in the meantime extended with frightful rapidity, and by the time that the first engine arrived five extensive and substantial barns, filled with barley and wheat, were on fire. It was at once seen that it would be utterly useless to attempt to stop the progress of the flames on the buildings, which they already enveloped, and all efforts were ected to pre vent their extending to the stables attached to their barns, immediately communicating with the dwelling houses, and also to protect the ricks from the lighted fragments dispersed by the wind. The farm belongs to Mr. Abel Smith, M.P., and is not far ,distant from his farm at Bromfield, which was destroyed by fire about ten weeks since. While we write this account five b arns are still blazing, and no portion of them can be saved. The loss to the occupier is estimated at 2,0001., and is insured to that amount in the Phoenix. The buildings are insured in the Sun. No doubt is entertained that the barns were wilfully fired, and a labourer has been arrested. on suspicion. The chief part of the agricultural imple ments woe preserved. THE LATE EXPLOSION ON BOARD THE GIPRY QUEEN.—The sum collected for the relief of the famili es of the ten poor unfortunate persons who perished Ir s th e late exprosion on board the Gipsy Queen, off Blar•kwall, amounts to near 6001., and it is expected that ere the subscription closes 1,0001. will be obtained, The sur vivors of this sad catastrophe are rapidly ri.,-evvering. The funeral of Mrs. Monifield, 'mother of the Bishop of London, took place at Bury ;$l, Edmund's on • Friday.