The Sun. — London, England, 1844-01-24 00:00:00

THAMES AND METROPOLIS IM PROVEMENT PLAN. Our attention has been drawn to the pamphlet of Mr. John Martin, of Allsop-terrace, embodying his " Plan for the Improvement of the Thames and the Metropolis," the last edition of which was, pub lished by Ridgway in 1842. Our own impressions on the importance of the general objects contemplated by the arrangements about to be carried out by the Me tropolis Improvement Commissioners remain so strong and decided, that we cannot but urge once more upon the public the views we have announced in former articles, touching the necessity of narrowly watching the d eve l o p emen t o f all proceedings preliminary to the commencement of any embankment of our noble river. . Having already protested against the execution of any mere engineering work, which shall reduce the grace ful flexures of the Thames between Vauxhall and London bridges, for the mere sake of straightening the lines of the two shores—diminishing the distance between the extreme points we have just named — and deepening the bed of the river, at the expense of all the noble vistas which have been opened of late years, and maintained at so much expense, of the bridges, churches, towers, &c. &c., we need not re-state i .the principles which we are desirous of seeing care mlly upheld in the final selection of any project for the ad ornme nt of what may be termed the " river 'rootage" of the metropolis. But Mr. Martin's pam phlet comes recommended to us at least by these statements—that he has devoted many years of his life to the project of such an embankment, as that Which is understood to be under the consideration of the Commission in question ; that the present de cided steps of Government are fairly to be presumed in a very great degree attributable to his own perse vering exertions during that protracted period ; and that the second portioa of his printed plan comprises the design which is at this moment under . the delibe ration of the Metropolis Improvement Commissioners. Now the objects of Mr. Martin's plan, as set out in his title page, were to supply the metropolis with pure Water—to embank the river Thames, and preserve the sewage ; to improve the navigation below London Bridge, and to connect the port of. London With the inland railways. And we find that the second division, of which we have spoken, compre hended accordingly " the embankment of both shores of the r i ver f rom Vauxhall Bridge to the Tower, the imProvement of the drainage of the metropolis, and preservation of the sewage, for agricultural purposes." These are certainly very important features in Mr. Martin's scheme. The supply of London with the Pure water of the Thames," unmixed with the foul drainage," is, in our eyes, an object of far greater moment than the question whether it can be accom fished " without the aid of engines ;" and even the design “ to improve the health,. beauty; and naviga 7 Lion of the river above Hammersmith, has less im mediate claims on our sympathy and good wishes than an assurance that Londoners may, on this Plan, drink water instead of contamination ! We have not yet forgotten the terrible revelations Produced by Sir Francis Burdett's " Supply' of water Select Committee" many years ago, touch ing the unheard of miscellany discharged, and the monsters engendered by the " Dolphin" sewer, s omewhere (if we recollect aright) in the. imme diate vicinity of one of the great companies' re servoirs between Hammersmith and Chelsea. After t he publication of that " Report," and the subsequent .. 3 s rperiments on the magnifying powers of Lieutenant -u ratrimond's light applied to the monster - microscopic discs_ of the Adelaide Gallery and Polytechnic, we have always wondered how a race so fatuous as water drinkers" could really exist in London. Talk ( If the , 4 water cure," truly ! The best cure for a pro- Pensity to drink water unqualified, is surely . to repair to the exhibitions of one of those large microscopic reflections, of a 500,000'magnifying power, in which We witness the terrible monsters of our dirty pools exaggerated into dragon-like cannibals of 14 feet in length, who prey upon innocent gnats. 'as large as sheep, snap off the gigantic heads of infant midges, and finally eat up their fathers, mothers, or other most convenient next of kin. Father Mathew, strong though he be in the holiness of temperance, must tremble at the aspect of these avenging furies, the scourge of water-pledged takers. Seriously speak ing, it is scarcely possible to overstate the nameless filth and enormities which the inhabitants of - certain districts 'of London are daily absorbing into !heir systems, with their water. Sir Frederick Trench 1 n his interesting letter to Lord Duncannon, enforc ing on the attention of the Woods and Forests De tila.rtment, his own plan for such an improvement of E mbankment riv er , quo t es , f ro m the Report of the Thames -r dnbankment Committee, evidence to prove that the removal of Old London Bridge, and the erection of the , new one, had produced the effects anticipated froth them. " Shoals increased to impede the navi gation ; mud banks accumulated, and• a larger surface of the bank of the river at low water being exposed, therefore, the injurious or unpleasant effects f romdischarge of, the sewers,. is greater than before. " 'The Emperor of. Russia (Sir Frederick tells !Is) " lamented that the finest .river in Europe should be condemned to be a cloaca maxima , and complained that, aft er a f ortn i ght ' s res id ence i n London, he had not obtained a sight of the Thames, of which he had heard so much." It also appears that since the creation of the terrace on which the New Houses of Parliament are being built, b an ks have been created on which the backs of barges are frequently broken:" * * * The banks of mud have increased in size and consistence," said one witness; " and where, near Westminster, we used to have five feet water before the e mbankment took place, it is now unfilled up'with mud." Lower down the banks are covered ,with vegetation, Which, being manured by the sluggish filth from the s ewers, present the strange spectacle of a rich green el. °1"), and make the air absolutely pestilential." We reserve, until after the general question shall ( lave been br oug ht u nder discussion in Parliaffient, :a we examination of the magnificent plans, and, w _e will venture to say, the somewhat doubtful cal• c, Il lations of Sir Frederick Trench, as set out in the letters we have just cited. They do not, howevei, s 0 immediately touch upon the all-important means Of P ur ifying the water, regulating the sewers, and clis r,;'sing of the seveage, as the little pamphlet before us. e det a il s an d th e i n dications of the proposed modes 8 - L - n Pcrandi for the attainment of these purposes are too Manifold and connected together to adinit of our ex tracting them. Nevertheless we can give Mr. Martin hopportunity of speaking for himself in the passages ich follow. And first as to purifying the water— , I propose to separate the tide waters aod filthy drainage of t o . n4 a korn the stream,—to give an abundant supply of water to each house, from the lowest to the highest level, at the dis ace of on l y four miles from London and its suburbs, without th e a ?.ssist anee of engines ; that even in time of flood the water a enter, the pipes in as bright and pure a state as when gushes from its native springs, instead of entering from the h a4 ;_ent stagnant and fermenting reservoirs,,to afford public r,..L,ns , —running fountains for Kensington and. Buckingham parks leaving to Hyde, Green, St. James's, and the Regent's te I's, leaving no staenant waters in the metropolis; and lastly, rn ,Prove the health, beauty, and navigation of the River. lo effect these great objects, , I recommend the construe ,,,_.7sof. a weir across the Thames, about m a _mile above Ham . .„7 _rnith bridge, from the proximity of this point to the W: l 'e road, and to the Dolphins of the. Grand Junction and h. h i t Middlesex Water Companies. This weir should be as ~,i , 8 „ 1 1. , s mean high water mark, with a moveable fiend-gate to ti - c r e `" , se the height of the water in extraordinary tides. .The and foul drainage being thus separated from the pure waters w" p u_ s vit the weir, the property and beauty of the residences and thcilona its banks would be proportionately improved, and e ` pßiver would, be secured as .a never-failing reservoir of talthy running water, sufficiently deep to be at all times . na.. I ,,rie up t o T e ddin g ton, affording the advantage of an in able hi g h t id e for such is the fall that the whole space o r_ lii l be fill e d i n the course of one tide, as much water being ti ,7l to run down with the stream, as flows up with the , besides being free from the objections whieh attach to a o hs, deriving the supply at a higher level, or At the Colne; • est th e most important of which are compensation for No s 8 " 000,0001. according to Mr. Telford's plan, taking the gre v a P t `Y in at Bushey klill,—and my own from Denham) ; and the o jury t o the river between Staines and Loodon, cense thel' n abstracting so much water, as wuuld le required for 'aPPly of the Metropolis?' tr,h,o l4 : : : r r an Martin's plan includes, through the adoption of of: arid . other accessory measures, the formation of walk extending from Twickenham to the. i: se. In the n e xt place, as to the regulatioa of ,w, weirs and the diiposal of the sewage Y Proposition, in the first instance, as formerly, is ta serve the whole sewage of the western extremity >tb n tm by diverting it from the river into receptacles of. °v° V auxhall-bridge, forming one at the termination di s tii• l ll anelagh sewer. The, great sewer which now' .tim e rogues below Westminster-bridge, should be eon- Alin, along Parliament-street, Abingdon-street, and .ank, all the minor drainage above' the Houses of drh a i nt meat being turned into it, and be finally discharged o t h e receptacle at the termination of King Scholars' di aie ,,°_,ewer, effecting great benefit to this inadequately .xsti `,( l part of the town, without entrenching upon . v erio lig interests. The ground should be recovered at pl an a 8 point s above the Houses of 'Parliament '(see . t h e ) and a public walk and drive formed, uniting with Pi r o P i r e ZP°,sed weir, and making a beautiful drive from ,th e eit airing the banks of the river. For the body of ,and Y /Propose to continue the uniform embankment, g erfor. ,,rm an interceptine. sewer, commencing at Hun and r " e !narket, passing behind the di ff erent docks, &c., with ae re ceiving all the minor drainage in their course,, e„ ~,e Tall receptacle near Hunger-ford-market to re streetu.a contents of the sower as far below as Essex the r , where the fluid should be pumped up a pipe to vatin e n eepta e l e at the nearest railway, or convenient ele laid ter 'n general line of time intercepting sewer eing S i O r f l ' si should be divided info portiena of f r om a' t larter d a to a mile or more, ticording to the !eased e the localities, and the works always come eet Z In , lower end, as these means each divi ue -executed inde pendently of t he a t greatly diminished expense • the requ is ite , eces ewers being small compared to what woul d a n r d e s size 7 lion 4sharYin the continued line. The end of each por bke °Lad be , s hould be completed, having pipes whieh would act CO rerovi s I .. .conveying the sewag e, previously stirred l o O w vere cl barge bar ? to the elevated receptacles, or into t , and _ B , u . , using a super- when it should be very he No,„,' lee to let offabundant flood drainarre %Iv "'a works bein g fr 11 6 1)0 cont a mination e ectua..y covered to prevent the Air. Small floating piers should allowingac. of ti " tinielnhatikinetit,*forming (looks for barges, me unimpeded flow of the water, and the full advantage of an unbroken line of embankment free from recesses for the accumulation of mud, and from the un sightly and disgusting mouths of sewers and drains. "Fin the south side of the river all the minor drainage should be turned into the Great Duffield, or any other main sewer which runs, from Vauxhall to Bermondsey, which should discharge itself into a receptacle at some convenient spot opposite the London Dock, near the Great Surrey Canal, or even lower if expedient ; the bank should then be rendered equally useful by the for mation of quays even more capable of being ornamentally diversified according to the situation of the ground. In this way the Surrey shore,• which, from the numerous docks and other obstacles, has always been considered the most difficult, will be easy of execution, every objection being removed, and all the advantages of a uniform quay afforded at greatly diminished expense. As regards the receptacles it is not advisable to make them very large and deep, for the manure, is found to be so much more effi cient when liquid, that it is desirable to preserve it in that state, and it could, therefore, be removed as it enters, at small expense, by the application of a simple hydrau lic principle. In time of flood sluices should let the sewage pass freely into the river, and sweep the drain clean as it does at present, but without the disadvantage of being backed by the tide, which renders the existing sewers for twelve hours out of the twenty-four mere cesspools, the mouths being closed by sluice gates, but for which, every house in Westminster, even as far as Park and James street, would be inundated by the filthiest . of floods ; this would not affect the general system, as the small portion of sewage lost would be so diluted with flood water as to be of comparatively little consequence, especially for such a short period of the year, and so very seldom ; neither would the river be injured by the superabundant drainage, as the violence of the floods would scour and force it away to the sea almost at the first tide." We cannot afford further space at present to Mr. Martin's plan ; but must express our hope that in any arrangements which may be finally adopted in con formity with them, his early appearance in the field as a suggester of these metropolitan improvements— essential as they must be to the healthfulness and grandeur of our great capital—may not be forgotten. LITERATURE. MEMOIRS OF MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS. Two Vols. Bentley, London, 1844. While acknowledging, which we do readily, the diligence and ingenuity displayed in these memoirs, we must beg leave to enter our protest against the partial and one-sided spirit that animates them. The author— who, we presume, is a very young man- is not simply a panegyrist, but a most devoted enthu siast of Mary Stuart; he is not content with the sim ple admission that " she was more sinned against than sinning"—more unlucky in the period in which -she lived, than criminal in her conduct as a woman and a Queen—but insists that she was a perfect para gon of perfection—an angel without spot or stain ; and, like a true Quixotic knight-errant, he comes forth armed cap-a-pie, ready to run a tilt against any one who impugns the character of his Dulcinea. It must be confessed that he pleads the cause of the Scottish Queen with • considerable tact, and arranges his facts judiciously and methodically, passing lightly over those which tell against him and are most difficult to be refuted, and laving infinite stress on those which support his view of the case ; still the cause which he advocates is so lame a one, and common sense so de cidedly against him, that he can scarcely hope to gain a verdict in his favour, except from the very young or the very superficial reader of history. Public opinion is now, we believe, pretty well made up, as regards the story of Mary and her misfortunes; no one denies that her lot was a painful, and in some respects, perhaps, an undeserved one ; her griefs com menced at an ear ly' period of her life with the death of her first husband and her reluctant departure from the land of her love; and they were aggravated by the fierce and excited character of the period in which she lived, the implacable dissensions that reigned among the people whom she was called to govern, the brutal and lawless conduct of her nobles, and the intriguing habits of her councillors. Still, even when all these mitigating circumstances are taken into consideration, it cannot be denied that she was guilty of offences which nothing can justify; and the whole course of her conduct as respects Bothwell, proves that she was in a great degree dead to shame and inaccessible to the " still small whisper" of conscience. Mr. Buck ingham has laboured hard to defend her on this ticklish point, but with far more zeal than success. By attempting to prove too much, and sinking the im partial historian in the advocate, he leaves the ques tion, if possible, in a worse state than he found it. We must protest also against his purblind views of the character of Elizabeth and of the Regent Murray —the former of whom he stigmatises as a " monster and a "bastard," notwithstanding the known fact of her legitimacy, which a hasty decree of Henry the Eighth, afterwards retracted, could not control ; while of Murray—" the good Regent," as he was justly called—he tells us that he was a mere hypo crite in religion, and " possessed all the evil charac teristics of his age." Surely this is more boldly than wisely said ! Of Murray, more than of any other statesman of his day, it may be urged with perfect truth that he was in advance of the times in which he lived. His policy, if sometimes tortuous—and how could it fail to be otherwise, considering .the difficult position in which he was placed ?—was, on the whole, conspicuous by its moderation and equity ; and in an age when men's minds were heated almost to madness by religious diScord, he bad the sagacity to steer successfully between the two great antagonist parties, and make them both subservient to the State objects which he had in view. We look on Murray as one of the most accomplished statesmen that Scot land ever produced; who—to . quote the emphatic language of Milton—" Drew order out of chaos," and by vindicating the authority of the law, and by re storing confidence and tranquillity among a rude people, whom he found distracted with internal dis sensions of the fiercest order, conferred immense benefits on his country. We quote our author's closing remarks on Mary Stuart's character, which will convey a fair idea of the chivalrous and enthu siastic spirit in which the work is written : " Despairing of peace in her own land, she threw her self, with generous chivalry of heart, into the arms of one whom she• had thought her friend ; but found 'a prison where she had looked for succour and consola tion ; and, after nineteen years' of miserable and severe captivity,' aggravated by every means which heartless tyranny could devise, she fell a victim to an unjust sen tence, by the headsman's hand. But these extraordinary calamities, while they draw tears froM those who dwell upon the records of her life, served only to enhance the excellence of her character. Formed in the justest mould of perfect beauty, and graced with every charm which the lavish hand of nature could bestow, the beau ties of her person were overshadowed by the perfections of her refined and cultivated.mind, and these again were in their turn eclipsed by the peerless excellencies of her heart. Animated by the profoundest sense of true reli gion, she was a tolerant Catholic, in an age when the ardour of ,persecution yet envenomed the minds of the Protestant Church, and, extending freedom of belief to all beneath hei• sway, she sought only for a similar pri vilege for herself, while the truly Christian character of her piety was manifested in acts 'of charity and bene volence to all around her. Warm and enthusiastic in her temperament, she reposed unlimited confidence in all who gained her favour, and, though sometimes roused by the severity-of insult into temporary passion, the emi nently forgiving. character of her heart caused her to receive again with good will those who had most deeply Offiinded against:her peace. Endowed with every quality which in woman is most highly prized ; she endured, with an unexampled heroism, which true religion could alone impart, miseries and persecutions which are without an equal in the history of the world ; and though it may have been . the lot of others to fill a more distinguished station amid the -nations of the earth, and to exercise a more material influence over the destinies of their fellow beings, yet, so long as the pure and simple excellence of a spotless heart are allowed to rise superior to the mere perfections of person or of mind, and to command the re spect, as they enchain the sympathy and affection, of mankind, the name of Mary Stuart will shine with a pure and holy lustre, which, deriving its brilliance, not from those achievements to which -frail and feeble men accord their highest praise, but, from the unfailing source of spdtless integrity of heart, will growin radiance in each succeeding age, and at:ain its highest glory when vice and error shall have faded from the world, and rectitude and. virtue shall be recognised its the brightest jewels of a monarch's crown." PICTORIAL MUSEUM OF ANIMATED NATURE.—Parts XII. and XIII. C. Knight, London, 1844. We have in these two parts an infinite variety , of plates, representing birds of all kinds and classes. The plates, for the most part, are creditably engraved, and are accompanied by explanatory letter-press de scriptions. ILLUSTRATED COMPANION TO LADY SALE'S JOURNAL. Blackwood and Page; Lohdion, 1844. This is the commencement of a series of pictorial illustrations of some of the most remarkable incidents referred to in Lady Sale's well-known journal of her tedious captivity in Affghanistan. The illustrations . are all drawn on stone, and to each is attached the particular description in her Ladyship's narrative which suggested it. The most interesting print in the Part before Ifs, is a view of the city of Caubul, in which we have a minute representation of the principal street, and several of the most conspicuous public buildings. The plate, it seems, was engraved from an original sketch by Lieut. Skinner. TWO YEARS in FRANCE and SWITZERLAND, Moxon, London, .1844. The authoress of this little duodecimo is a lady named Lamont, who describes, in a series of letters to her mother, the impressions made on her mind during a residence of two., years in the countries of France and Switzerland. She wields, to all appearance, the pen of a ready writer, and sketches off the grand mountain scenery of the Swiss lakes, and the manners of the people with whom she came into contact in the gay salons of Paris, with nearly equal facility. Some of her recollections of the late - Marshal Macdonald, of whom she seems to have seen a good deal during her Sla3Pinuthe French.-capital, are—entertaining, - thmigh they wear the appearance of being somewhat over- - _ "\r 1) I`sT 7 ; THE J A N T S TT L < , T :4 MR. 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' : v. .'. i _ --- --------- --------- ' -------- !.:--..._,-.-_.-7-_-= --:z: '" --- ' _. ,:----- - ----- - _ .. - ------t- ---<------ --- -,-- ~---- --- =-- -- =--7-1 - . ' 1\ - --‘. •' ------ ;-_-__:-._:----.---_____-____--:- _______,,,-,,-..____= , ------ 7 ----.....z.--.- ! CONCILIATION HALL.—(From a Sketch by A. 0 pRISCOLO coloured by the partiality of friendship. The worst fault in the work is its diffuseness—a fault of very common occurrence with an unpractised writer. EDUCATION and the DISSENTERS. On Monday night the first public meeting of the Dissenters of the metropolis was held at Craven Chapel, Carnaby-market ; C. liindley, Esq., M.P. in the Chair; for the purpose of supporting the resolutions of the Congregational Union of England and Wales for the promotion of general education. The chapel was well filled, and the auditory evinced the greatest interest in the proceedings. The Ch AIRMAN opened the proceedings by advert ing to the importance of general education in its bearings upon the moral, social, and political condi tion of the country, and to the circumstances out of which the relations of the Congregational Union had arisen. Upon the defeat of the obnoxious measure in troduced by Sir J. Graham, it had been very strongly felt by the Dissenting bodies that they should give some decisive evidence to the world that it was not to the principle of general education that they objected, but to the sectarian and obnoxious mode in which the Go vernment had attempted to carry it out. At the autumnal meeting of the Congregational Churches held at Leeds in the month of October last, the im portant question was taken up, and the resolutions there adopted bad l e d t o th e conference in Lopclo.% at which it badlieeri resolved to tate up the motion upon a scale commensurate with its importance, and e purpose the metropolis for . out the resoluti ons o f th a t .body. He concluded by im p lo ring them to give this ll v < theas e firstf carryingm eeti meeting h el 3 in such an example of the zeal and liberality of the Dissenters of the metropolis as should operate upon the country at large. . The Rev. J. JAMES stated the amount of the sub scriptions already received in support of the resolu tions. The sum according to the last returns, amounted to 22,7501., more than half of which had been , contributed by the metropolis ; a n d no l e ss than 3;0701. by the ministers of various congrega tional churches. Amongst the subscriptions enume rated, were five of 1,000/, and ten of 5001. n r i a p l t i churcheson of the , payable within The Rev. Dr. LEIFCIIILD move d the first resolu tion, ',which was—" That this me eting heartily ap proves and will punctually second t he _project resolved raise five y upon at the recent confere nce on ed ucation, originated by the Congregational Union of E n gland and Wales, to a e te years, from ast t 100 1e , 1 00 e 0 e / eg . by re g u a b t s i co ngregational In dependent body towards the education of the working classes, and the meeting is prompted to this approval s and determination not only by those general humane and religious considerations that have induced Pro testant Dissenters pre-eminently at all times to favour education, but by considering further that the pretext for objectionable legislative measures will be the less _ colourable in the degree in which the "adVocates of the voluntary principle are true to themselves, and prove its sufficiency by its acts. In moving this resolution the Rev. Gentleman repudiated the idea of making the project a sectarian one. They would much have pre ferred a general system, to be carried out upon a prin ciple upon which all professing Christians could have concurred, but that was now hopeless. The Government measure having been defeated, the Established Church had set the example of a denominational movement. The Church would teach none but upon Church principles ; then, the Wesleyans had resolved that they would teach none but upon Wes leyan principles. What, then, remained, but that the Congregationalists should teach upon Congregational principles ? Still, they abjured every thing .of a sectarian character. Their object was not to promote Dissent, but to remove ignorance. In the schools they established they would teach the Bible, and if the reading of the Bible made the chil dren of the working-classes Dissenters, why, they would neither be surprised nor grieved.—(Laughter.) The Rev. JOHN BURNETT seconded the resolution in an eloquent and impressive speech, and it was una nimously adopted. The meeting was subsequently addressed by the Rev. Dr. Read, the Rev. Mr. Jukes, and other gen tlemen ; and after a vote of thanks to the Chairman, the meeting separated. GOODWOOD PARK.—The Duke and ;Duchess of Richmond will have a succession of visitants until the meeting of Parliament. His Royal Highness the Duke . of Carnbridge is expected to arrive from Kew Palace, on Monday next, and afterwards proceed on a visit to Col. Wyndham, at Petworth. IRISH STATE TRIALS. (From the Southern Reporter.) We are now in possession of the entire case of the Crown against Mr. O'Connell and the other traver sers. Let us suppose the Attorney-General's state ment proved by unshaken evidence. With that very considerable supposition let us examine the question which a conscientious jury will have to try, and on which they are to return a verdict. Let it be-admitted that the traversers had a common object—that object being itself legal. It is laid down by the Attorney- General, and before the grand jury, by Judge Burton, that the moment persons combining for alegal object, or any of them, adopt illegal means to accomplish it, then it becomes an unlawful conspiracy, and, moreover, that though charged*with several illegal overt acts, if one only be established, the conspiracy is proved. Supposing this to be the law, the case turns upon this assertion—did the traversers, or any of them, in endeavouring to obtain the repeal of the Act of Legis • lative Union, which is admitted to be a legal object, did they use illegal means ? This is what the jury will have to consider; and, judging from the state ment of the- Attorney-General, we strongly incline to the belief that- " not guilty" will be the verdict. One opinion the jury will have to pronounce is this—do they believe that Mr. O'Connell or the other traversers contemplated a resort to physical force at a future time ? Did they, when under the in fluence of the passing scene, using strong, fervid, im passioned language, did they for a moment mean to convey to the multitudes they addressed, that at a time yet to come and not distant, they would seek the restitution of their Parliament by any other than constitutional means ? Is there one who believes thus of Mr. O'Connell—the preacher of peace aitd order, as the only instruments for effecting great measures of amelioration ? And if they do not be lieve this of the great leader of the Irish people, why should legal casuistry make him accountable for every illegal paragraph and idle song sung in a newspaper, the proprietor of which happened to be a member of the Association ? If the jury are of opinion that Mr. O'Connell in attending and addressing those large meet ings did not contemplate the attainment of the Re peal of an Act of Parliament at a future time by illegal means, then, inasmuch as those meetings were perfectly tranquil and no breach of the peace committed—the language used at those meetings, though strong, does not justify the charge of con: spiracy to effect a legal object by illegal means. Again, the traversers are charged with a conspiracy to bring into hatred and contempt the Government of the country as by law established. If a verdict of guilty be established on this point, then will it be illegal for her Majesty's subjects to meet for the common object of petitioning Parliament for organic changes in the Constitution—such as the Vote by Ballot—Household Suffrage, &c. &c. The Bill of Rights protects the subject in the exercise of this privilege, unless violent outrage or disturbance take place ; this privilege cannot be interfered with. If the charge be, that the traversers intended to bring into contempt and hatred the Government of her Majesty in Ireland, is there one who will credit it—seeing how earnest and anxious they all were, and Mr. O'Connell particularly, to infuse into the minds of the people a respect and reverence for the Queen ? The third charge is, that the traversers endeavoured by illegal means to interfere with the established tribunals of the coat try by the appointment of Arbitration Courts. Now the fact is, all that the traversers did was, on application from the various districts, to testify their opinion of the fitness of the persons named by the districts, to arbitrate in any case they may be called on by both parties—plaintiff and defendant—to ad judicate on the principle of the Ousel Galley in Dublin. Whether this will be considered an illegal act remains to be seen. In our opinion, when the traversers' case comes to be proved, we are persuaded the charge will fall to the ground. Where ' then, is this mysterious conspiracy of which we have heard so much ?—where are the disclosures the Attorney-Ge neral was pledged to make ? Of what value is the Evening Mail's assurance that a most deep-laid and mysterious conspiracy would be laid bare? Is there a single fact brought forward that was not already as well known to the whole world as to the Attorney- General ? What additional information has the jury received from a nine-hour speech ?—None whatever. They may have acquired some information on the in tricate law of conspiracy, but on that subject they will get additional enlightenment. 'While the Attorney- General was supported by the eloquent passages he read from O'Connell's speeches, and the brilliant ex tracts from the Nation, his address was interesting and considered well-arranged as to his - material ' • but when he came to the prosecution, where he had to depend upon hie own resources, all accounts unite in saying his was a complete and total failure. Of this we do not complain, as we think it augurs well for the traversers. ----_...-_.-- ,--,-.-...- TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Six, —The Peel project of compensating the payers of the income-tax by certain visionary advantages, which they were to derive from an alteration in the tariff and sliding scale, is now admitted on all hands to have been a complete failure. But the experiment of -admitting foreign sheep and cattle into this coun try, on the payment of a very low fixed duty, has, nevertheless, been attended with a valuable result, inasmuch as it has proved, beyond all question, that the rich pasture lands of the United Kingdom enable the agriculturists to meet any foreign competition in those important articles of consumption, thereby clearly indicating the direction in which agricultural capital may be most safely and profitably emplOyed. The advantage which the agriculturist possesses in the fertility of his pastures, would be greatly enhanced by a total repeal of the corn-laws, as he would then be enabled to fatten his stock on cheap foreign grain. Also, by the removal of those restrictions, employ ment would be given to a large starving or under-fed population, which, instead of burthening the farmer with heavy rates for its support, would, in its changed condition of well. paid labourers and artisans, become profitable customers, consuming annually many hun dred millions of pounds of animal food, more than their present means enable them to procure. With this extended demand for its produce, a pro portionate rise in the value of land would take place, and rents would acquire a degree of steadiness never to be expected under a law by which, on the mere prospect.of a short harvest, and by a skilful working of the averages, enormous quantities of cheap foreign corn are suddenly admitted into competition with the expensively forced productions of our own inferior soils. As these remarks are addressed to the pockets, and not to the hearts of the agriculturists, I have omitted any reference to the great moral improvement which would necessarily follow a mitigation of the physical sufferings of the working classes. If you can spare room for this letter in your jour nal, which has so ably assisted in fighting the great fight against monopoly, you will oblige your obedient servant, PHIL AN THROPIST. EXTAORDINARY AGE.—An old woman -named Ann Parry, lately residing on the Canal Parade, in this town, with her daughter, who is also far advanced in 'years, died on Friday, the 12th inst., of a verity " full of days," having . lived to the patriarchal age of one hundred and five years and six months ! She retained her faculties to the last. Indeed, so retentive was her memory, that within a few clays of her death, she was able to talk co herently of circumstances which transpired in Newport upwards of eighty years ago ; and it may be mentioned that her medical attendant has frequently been requested by her within the last few months to extract her last tooth ! as it troubled hei occasionally. The habits of the good old woman's daughter were those of the most industrious and cleanly kind, whilst her filial devotion was above all praise, thus rendering her parent's last clays cheerful and comfortable. The ancient woman ex pired liko the last glimmer of a wasted lamp—without pain or struggle, and full of the "certain hope" of a joyful hereafter.—Monmouthshire Merlin. ANOTHER INCENDIARY FIRE AT THE RED BARN FARM.— On Saturday night the inhabitants of Polstead were again alarmed by the cry of " Fire." It was soon ascertained that a stack of haulm, standing on the Red Barn Farm, was in flames, and though every effort was made to save it, it was speedily consumed. Not a doubt remains but that this fire was also the work of some ini , quitous incendiary. The name of the " Red Barn " has already become sufficiently notorious by being connected with one of the foulest murders on record ; but we are de4ly sorry to find that there are still persons living, who, in the form of humanity, but with the characteris tics of fiends, seem bent on adding yet greater darkness to its blackened historY, by their fearful repetition of the crime of incendiarism. "REBECCA AND HER DAUGHTERS."—In answer to a correspondent, who requests to be informed of the origin of the above title, we beg to state that the term was taken from the 60th verse of the 24th chapter of Genesis which, having reference to gates and their destruction, was adopted as the watchword of the first adventurous attackers of toll-gates. The verse is as follows :—" And they blessed Rebecca, and said unto her, thou shalt be the mother of hundreds of millions, and thy children shall possess the gates of them that hate them. Welsh man. LONG LIFE.—The most remarkable instance of longevity which we have met with in English history is that of John Carn, who, according to the parish register of St. Leonard's Shoreditch, died on the 2d of January, 1588, at the astonishing age of 207 years. He was born in the reign of Richard IL, auno 1381, and lived in the reigns of twelve Kings and Queens—namely, Richard 11., Henry IV., V., and VI., Edward IV. and V., Richard 111., Henry VII. and VIII., Mary and Elizabeth.—Annals of Health. A MATTEII of OPINION.--A good wife, the other day, taking up a Manchester paper, said to her loving husband—" This is just as it should be ; the marriages are put before the births. The Guardian always has the births first, and I think that very awkward." The husband gave an opinion in favour of the Guardian, as he thought " people were born before they were married." The wife, however, persisted in the correctness of her views of the matter, and preferred the Manchester arrangement, as it was "a very ugly thing to have a birth before marriage." The deaths, itw t c h u ey ld appear, ahv were each put in the right place, for came last. A SCENE IN CONGRESS. Dignity, as everybody knows, is not the character istic of our own House of Commons ; but we feel'quie self-complacent after reading in the. New York Herald the account of what its editor calls " an intensely in teresting scene," which " can never be forgotten by those who were so fortunate as to witness it," in the Congress of the United States. It is possible that the proceedings of ,that eminent body may have exhibited many such exciting spectacles. " Sed omnes illacrymabiles, " Urgentur ignotique longs " Nocte, carent quia vate sacra." This alone has found a fitting historian—a very Shakspeare for versatility—of the' true poetical breed which alone could deal with such a scene. " —Meum qui peetus inaniter angit, " Irritat, mulcet, falsis terroribus implet, " Ut magus, et modo me Thebis mod° ponit A thenis." It requires an unusual kind of power to shoot like our American reporter with unembarrassed velocity from the heights of religious pathos and sentiment to the depths of coarse and offensive blasphemies—frem Attic delicacy to Bceotian slang—but our Transatlantic Contemporary is equally at home in both regions. Nay, we cannot perceive that he recognises any vital difference between the two. Like a revolving Scaramouch, painted after the likeness of Grimaldi on the one side, and his Royal Highness Prince Albert on the other, he spins about to his own entire satisfaction, and to the infinite amazement and disgust of all sober spectators—alternately grave and gay—solemn and comic—fool and philosopher— kicking about his legs and arms with equal energy in each capacity, and, as far as human eyes can judge, wholly unconscious of any trifling contrast between his somewhat inconsistent aspects. Mr. Quincy Adams is the hero of his drama. That gentleman, as every body knows, is an abolitionist—" an abolitionist," he himself adds, " in the same way that Thomas Jeffer son was an abolitionist ;" a very small way, we should conjecture, seeing that Thomas Jefferson is princi pally renowned as having in the way of business sold his own children. But let that pass. Mr. Q. Adams is, we say, an abolitionist, and having, on the pre ceding day, presented some abolitionist petitions front Massachusetts, had well nigh undergone an operation described among the higher circles of America as that of being " catawampously thawed up" by the " southern chivalry"—the gentlemen from Carolina and Virginia. The next day Mr. Adams demanded permission to reply—he had been misrepresented in the journals of the House :—" Sir, the journal says I was called to order for offensive remarks—Sir, I was called to order for irrelevancy ; I wish that corrected." The vindication reminds us a little of an old Joe Miller about " carrying tripe" (it is a coarser word in the original) to a bear,"—but let that too pass. It is the debate which ensued to which our attention is demanded. "Isn't he a great old horse ?" demanded one member of the deliberative body. " He's a bitter old scorpion," interjected• another, "and I wish the chaplain would put up daily prayers that he may speedily be taken to Abraham'a bosom." " Here there were 20 or 30 members on the floor, cry ing out' Mr. Speaker,' and all wanting to make motions ; and some did make very grotesque motions." " Mr. Speaker," said Preston King (" a short,, fat, good-natured man"), " what is the business before the House ?" " The disposal of the Massachusetts resolutions." "Is that debateable ?" " No, Sir." King—" Then I object?' The little old scorpion re monstrated. King —" I object, Sir." Cam Johnson expressed a wish to proceed. King—" I object, Sir." Davis (of New York) " wished to say something.' King—" You do ? very well! I object." Confuion —laughter, screams ,of laughter. Mr. Adams up again. Cries of " Oh, for heaven's sake, let the old man go on ; he'll worry us out." "Oh :no! that won't do." " Good; go it." " Question." Ayes— noes ; ayes have it-123 to 46. And so the rules were suspended to allow Mr. Adams to proceed. And now hear the reporter : " Upon this, the eloquent old man rose in his might, calm, but most imposing in his manner, his venerable form dilating with honest pride, and his lightning like eye, grey hair, and bold forehead, presenting a most picturesque appearance, whilst the members of the house, young and old, crowded into the arena in front to listen to him. " Speaker—Gentlemen will please to take their seats." - --And—so we have Mr. Adams fairly afloat, who, after having elicited a due repetition of laughter in all its degrees of comparison, proceeded to enunciate the following, under the circumstances, rather as tounding sentiments :—" Sir," he said, " the gentle man from Virginia was right." " Sir, this place," he had the face to proceed, "is not the place for the battle. Sir, this is not the 'place for a battle of any kind. It is a place for solemn deliberation—for the interchange of thought and mind, in harmony between friends and brothers ; for we are all brothers of one blessed family, having no interest at heart, no desires to attain, no objects to achieve, but the common good of our common country." " Great sensation," adds our marvellous reporter, "and the members noiselessly drew up around the-old man." Inimitable indeed I But before six lines are over, we find ourselves amidst " roars of laughter" again, into which a religious ejaculation is inter polated, which produces instantaneous and " tre mendous sensation"—then laughter again —immo derate, agonizing, "screaming' laughter then another six lines of evangelical rhapsody, which, with no greater loss of time than before, took an effect upon the varieties of Jonathanism who whittled around the orator, as " impossible to de scribe" as it would have been to foretell. " The tears actually stood in the eyes of many of the members, and all were intensely silent." Strange things, we know, were accomplished in the middle ages, when fishes crowded to hear sermons, and swallows reported them—but, upon 20 seconds' warning—by a mere " hey, presto,"—a verse and a half from the Old Testament turned up with a sentiment from John Quincy Adams, to draw tears from such a mixed multitude of alligators as the American Congress—is clean beyond any feat of monk or eremite which has ever found its way to our limited knowledge. True, the crocodile part of the performance was soon over, and the com pany as merry as grigs again. But this is the very thing which bewilders us ; that the re porter, John Quincy, and the whole Congress seem wholly indifferent whether they laugh or cry— dance or groan—quote Scripture or swear—"all's one to Dandie." They have tears on demand from Air. Adams, not once or twice, but as often as he chooses to draw for them—while we are able to count three roarings, one screaming, and twelve ordinary cakes of laughter in the course of his oration, to say nothing of what accompanied the dialogue. We shrink from transferring into our columns all these most offensive alternations between the would be-pious and the would-be-comical, though without them our readers can scarcely form a notion of what an American audience, an American speaker, and an American reporter can do; but we may, perhaps. venture to give one extract in full (ex pede Herculem) from the peroration of Mr. Adams' speech, with the reporter's historical . comment. It needs no remark from us. Mr. Adams has lately left Ohio; where he says the people "Took leave of me as of a child going to the home of his fathers—because they said I was the champion, upon this floor, of the right of petition! Sir, it is the ground en which I have stood in this House, and upon which I will ever stand, for the few short days ormonths which it may please the Almighty to allow me to exert the poor abilities and faculties which He has bestowed upon me—it is the ground upon which I desire to stand on this earth after my death I upon the page of my country's history I and I will stand upon that ground (the • right of petition) hereafter before the judgment seat of the God of Mercy, for my sins I may have committed in the flesh I' "Language fails to describe the extraordinary effect which this speech had upon the members. All listened with intense admiration, the House was as still (except his voice) as the grave, and the tears trickled down the cheeks • of - many an old and young member ; and one southern man, worked up to a pitch of enthusiasm, u hen Mr. Adams closed, as above, cried out—' By —, he's a noble old scoundrel after all !' " At all this we have only to confess ourselves wholly astounded, and the more so because there is no appa rent intention , on the part of Mr. Adams, the Cult gress, or the New York _Herald, of being peculiarly profane. In fact, they seem to think it, imprecation and all, rather religious than otherwise. Can anything be a caricature of their social habits when this is a friendly account of those" solemn deliberations" —that " interchange of thought and mind"—that " harmony between brothers of one blessed family," of which, as Mr. Adams informs us e Congress is the allotted scene ? If this is truth, what can be a libel ? It is, indeed, squeamish to quarrel with Trollope or Dickens while the reporter of the New York Herald walks abroad in his land of liberty a bipes implumis.—Times. FEVER AND SMALL PDX IN SOUTHWARK:At an inquest which was held yesterday before Mr. Payne, it was stated that small-pox and fever was very prevale n t i n th e lower parts of Southwark, particularly at Bankside. A juror said that in one locality, Williams-court, there were three in one family lying dead, and that nine had recently died there, though there were but few inhabitants in it. The Coroner asked if vaccination had been resorted to? The juror re plied that it had, but he supposed that the operation of it had been imperfectly performed. Another juror said that in .ome parts there were above half the inhabitants affected by small pox or fever, which was attributed to the present unseasonah y close state of the weather. A FREAK OP NATURE.—On Friday night last, to poor woman named Tye, aged 38, who is married to a sawyer• upwards of eighty years of age, was safely delivered of a female child with three arms, and only one leg, the place where the other leg should be presenting a perfect arm, but only th.rro fingers being attached to the hand. The parents:have another and perfect child, and are living at No. 6, Duke-street, St. e o r r a g l e 's eminentin the several the -faculty. A very modest lady, says an American paper, who, lusus nohow has been visited by E m a e s m t. her l s l o e f was a passenger en board a packet-ship, sprang out of her his parents who is ares ~x b feete l l n ow this three the a,ot inches , u e r n berth, and jump ed overboard, on hearing- the captain, p y o e r a tirosn, o f age, his foot measuring thirteen and during a storm , order the crew to haul down the sheets. A GmArrric YOUTH.A clergyman -hhiasghst,4oanndosntloyuftosin proportion, a half inches in length. Beth stature.—Essex Herald, - - • - !on 'hey ived Ling I ot and not ony irge ten ting per the rties s of .arlY ? and en) kini" aing was f my bout hour !oat [. P., ;very vel' ions l will Ph il 14. ttend sta te eting re the ,scion 3, O a .hers hers visit 10Pe' ) 1 the ,isap - OP' ? lieve upon y this to b e never L. in a rneY" 01 05 pro' 16° 1 ,; 00 - iy o tbo r e v' ee o4 39 31. o' 3 the Nor %lea' Ins ' are t roof,eo wi re 500 lac e fe ar NA" 1)0