The Sun. — London, England, 1839-10-09 00:00:00

EVENING EDITION. that there are no grounds for susp'cion that pregnancy does exist, or ever did exist. (Signed) " CHARLES M. CLARkE, " JAMES CLARg 111 D." Befo re part i ng with Lady Flora, both . Sir Charles Clark e and myself pressed upon her Ladyship tht expediency of her appearing on that day at table as usual. „ each is a plain statement of the leading facts of AiS unfortunate case, so far as I am concerned. That I was unable to ascertain the true nature of Lady Flora's state I at once admit, and most deeply regret ; but when the difficulties which frequently occur in cases of this description, even where every facility is afforded for investigation, are considered, h can scarcely be made a matter of reproach to me that, amidst the disadvantages under which laboured, I was unable to affirm that Lady- Flora's change of appearance was the result of disease and of disease alone. If even Sir Charles Clarke did not venture to express a positive opinion until after a careful examination, it will be readily con ceded that no other person could have done so Without recurring to some sime similar proceeding. And if anything further were required to establish the difficulties of this very peculiar case, and the heavy responsibility attaching decision on it, Sir Charles Clarke knows that there are other facts connected with it which prove in the most uncqui cal manner both the one and the other ; facts which do not throw the slightest shade of doubt on the pu rity of Lady Flora, nor are matter of blame to any one, but which it is not necessary to bring before the public. The post mortem examination established the fact that the death of Lady Flora Hastings was occasioned by extensive disease, dating its origin ” at some former and distant period of time ;" and yet such was the obscurity of the symptoms which, durin g life, accompanied the disease, that its nature becam e evident a few weeks only before Lady Flora's death, and the fact of its having involved every organ within the abdomen was revealed only on th e post mortem examination. .I think it right to notice, in this place, a part of my conduct which may at first sight appear cen surable, I allude to the admission of my suspicion that Lady Flora might be pregnant, before I had b een permitted more fully to examine into her state. s ender almost any other circumstances it would have been highly improper for me to have answered an inquiry on such a subject ; but as I could not authoritatively remove suspicions founded on ap pearances, which, if taken alone, would in a great majority of cases indicate what was feared, and not the the singul ar s t ate o f di sease revealed after " 1 of Lady Flora, I felt it my duty, considering the very peculiar responsibility which attached to me, to confide the doubt which was in my own mind to t here who had a right to demand my real opinion, and who, I felt assured, could not use it in a man ner unfriendly to Lady Flora. I shall now notice such parts of the publication of the Marquis of Hastings as more particularly relat e to me. An extract is given by his Lordship fro m a letter written by Lady Flora Hastings to the Dowager Marchioness of Hastings, dated March 13, nearly a month after the event, in which it is stated, that at my visit to communicate to Lady Flora the suspicions entertained respecting her, I became " violent and course, and even attempted fto brow -beat" her Ladyship I I hope I may refer ^ to my character alone as a sufficient reply to this accusation ; moreover, on the occasion referred to there could be no motive for such conduct. Any earnestness that I may have shown in my manner . • could have for its object only that Lady Flora, for her own sake, should see Sir C. Clarke on that day. In corr o b orat i on o f my own solemn dis nvonial of the conduct imputed to me, I refer to th e two notes, already given in my narrative, which ' I received from Lady Flora Hastings within twenty- ' 'four hours after the very occasion on which I • am said to have thus acted ; and, conse 9uently, at the very time when all her feeli- I ngs may fairly be supposed to have been more excited by the alleged conduct than at any subsequent period ; and, as still more direct Z iin evidence i,clle, Mr. Hamiltonwouldratherre Fferit t zgrad, dated MarchoeLaldyFlorsletter B th, in which--although written for the express Purpose of making her griefs known to a relative, i with whom she had no motive for reserve, and, therefore, in the very circumstances calculated to elicit complaint —not a word escapes her, blaming my conduct or language, during either of my inter views with her. On the contrary, expressions occur which she surely could not have u se d h a d s h e rea ll y then felt t h at I had acted towards her in an un friendly manner. That Lady Flora intended to misrepresent what actually occurred I do not for a moment believe. Under the circumstances of excitement in which she was placed, it need not create surprise that she s hould unconsciously have allowed impressions, arising out of discussions which afterwards took Place, to grow upon her mind, till she at length • confounded them with facts, or that she should have greatly exaggerated what actually did take Place. It is only in this way that I can account for Some of the . statements made by Lady Flora Hastings.. Her Ladyship's written account of the circum stances which took place during the interview on the 16th of February, at which we alone were pre sent, differs widely f rom my reco ll ect i on o f them. I think it necessary to notioe two points in particu ler :---The first is the alleged diminution of Lady Flora's size. On this I shall only observe, that I could discover no such diminution, else I should have been too happy to have availed myself of the circumstance to clear Lady Flora's character, and to have relieved myself from a very embarrassing po sition. The second is, that I told Lady Flora that she must submit to a "medical examination." I not only never used such an expression, but never heard it employed for what it has been as sumed to imply, till after the unfortunate affair was ove r ; in fact, I then believed that a full external e xamination would prove sufficient to decide the Matter. Everything, consequently, which has been asserted about a " medical examination" having been suggested by the Ladies, or by me, is utterly g r oundless. The only other parts of Lord Hastings's corre spondence which require notice from Inc are two Charges brought forward by his Lordship. The first consists of a statement said to have been re ceived from Lady Flora's own lips, that the exami rion " w as c ondu c t e d w i t h more t h an or di nary p i t r egard to delicacy, and to h er f ee li ngs ." I n cor cueration of this charge, his Lordship has referred :T a deposition on oath, b Jam Lady Flora's maid, hat the conduct of Sir James Clark and Lady °rtnaan was unnecessarily abrupt, indelicate, and linfee ,ling"! I notice this charge, in passing, o'Y to give it a peremptory denial. The e r ch arge is in the following words :—" Same .luest kns having been put to my sister, and an no' ct ecli it wa s suggested that the inquiry ought feel to pro cee d f urt h er , an d t h at t h ey m i g h t now and quite satisfied. Sir Jam es Cl ar k o bj ec t e d, no t stated th a t the L a di es o f t h e C ourt wou ld c 't be. sat i s fi e d w i t h out t h e str i ctest examine ..el o n and that if Lady Flora knew her own inno ce"e, she could have no reason to oppose the most tiolmplete scrutiny." The simple reply to this is, 0 a z t no suck suggestion was ever made, and no • ri : c ' objection ever urged. Upon what autho n—Y Lord Hastings makes this statement he has co n c eive, mentioned, and I am utterly at a loss to "onceive, unless indeed it be on that of the foreign i: laid to Whose oath he before refers, and whose t "'fledg e of English may not have been sufficient i t ° enable her fully to understand what was pass big', But I cannot avoid expressing m . y regret that Lordship did not procure the testimony of the .4)1 1 1, 7 u 4, witness present during the whole consultation e h"' Charles Clarke—before he made such grave t o ar g e s• Had he followed this course, I venture n, a lum . ' they never would have been made. Sir r t i ' a r des Clarke, although he might not have thought . of f oper to discuss with Lord Hastings the details h h at passed at the consultation, could riot have g _ e sitated > had he been appealed to, to refute such lidlessroa accusations. re I t remain s for me now only to repeat my sincere r•A r et that . I was unable to relieve Lady Flora pauir, "as felt more acutely than myself, whole during the L ath, ainful affair, the distress occasioned to th e 0-' Flora. and her family, whether arising from . , riginal circumstances, or from the matter being ' afterwards forced into public notice. aJ ee 1 . 4 ,,, P y painful as it has been to me to see my Lives aie s o . long associated with alleged acts and mo at which .ne ss _ f my very nature revolts, the conscious oio ° f my own rectitude, the friendship of those - - , ro rn i long and intimate acquaintance, know - ~--- , JAMES CLARK, M.D. George-street, Oct 7. COURT CIRCULAR. The Royal party returned to the Castle shortly after five o'clock. Her Majesty then walked round the gar dens, and afterwards promenaded on the North Terrace and in the Slopes, accompanied by her Majesty the Queen Doweger and her Royal Highness the Duchess Of Kent, and attended by a numerous suite, composed of the Ladies of the Court. The Hon. Miss Cavendish has been succeeded as Maid of Honour in waiting upon the Queen by the Hon. Miss Paget. Lord Alfred Paget arrived at the Castle on Sunday. Her Royal Highness the Princess Augusta, attended by Miss \Vynyard, is expected to come from her resi dence, Frogmore Lodge, to dine with the Queen, this evening. The - Royal dinner party of this evening is expected to include the Queen Dowager, the Duchess of Kent, the Princess Augusta, the Earl of Uxbridge, Earl and Countess of Sandwich Viscounts Melbourne, Palmer ston, and Barrington, Viscountess Barrington, Lady C. Dundas, Lord A. Paget, Hon. Misses Cocks, Paget, and Mitchell, Hon. Mrs. Campbell, Miss Wynyard, Viscount Falkland, Earl of Surrey, Sir Wm. Lumley, Hon. Colonel Grey, Hon. W. Cowper, Hon. G. Byng, Hon. Berkeley Paget, and Baroness Lehzen. After dinner there will be an evening party, to which the following have had the honour of an invitation : Lady C. Barrington, the Countess of Uxbridge, and the Ladies Eleonora and Constance Paget. The Duke of Cambridge, accompanied by the Baron Knesebeck, arrived at Cambridge House scom after four o'clock, yesterday afternoon, from a visit to the Duke of Wellington, at Milner Castle. The Duchess of Cambridge, accompanied by the Princesses Augusta and Mary of Cambridge, and at tended by Miss Kerr, returned to Kew, last evening, from Walmer Castle, the residence of the Duke of Wel lington._ The Duke of Cambridge visited the Duchess of Glou cester, yesterday, at Gloucester House. M. Dedel, Minister of the Netherlands, returned to Wilton-crescent, on Monday, from a visit to the Duke of Wellington, at Widmer Castle. The Bishop of Toronto, Mr. Montague, and Mr. Turnbull, had interviews with Lord John Russell, at the Colonial-office, yesterday. Mr. George Nicholls had an interview with the Mar quis of Normanby, yesterday, at the Home-office. Earl Granville transacted business, yesterday, at the Foreign-office. We understand her Majesty the Queen Dow ager will shortly honour the Earl and Countess of Hard wicke with a visit at their magnificent seat at Winapole, and will, in all probability, also honour this University with a visit.—Cambridge Advertiser. The Duke and Duchess of Cleveland are at their venerable mansion, Raby Castle, in the county of Durham, entertaining a select party of friends. They are not expected at their mansion in St. Jamse's-square until the meeting of Parliament. The Marquises of Hastings and Waterford, the Earls of Rosslyn and Desart, and Lord Archibald St. Mawr, will commence the hunting season the first week in the ensuing month at Melton Mowbray. The Earl of Chesterfield has taken stabling at Scadwell, North amptonshire. The Noble Earl's brother-in-law (the Hon. Captain Charles Forester) will have the manage ment of his Lordship's pack, consisting of eighty couple of hounds, until his return from the Continent. We are requested to say, in consequence of some facts which have lately come to the knowledge of the friends of Lady Harriet de Blaquiere, that it is consi- • - dered justice to that lady to state that she has never been abroad in her life, and was never out of England but for a few months in Ireland, immediately after her marriage with Colonel Wm. de Blaquiere in 1811. The Earl of Albemarle, Master of the Horse, who has been indisposed at the Stud-house, H;impton court, since his return from Windsor Castle, was yester day pronounced much better by his medical attendant. This Noble Earl will not visit Quidenham-hall, Norfolk, this year. The Duke of Richmond, accompanied by Lady Caroline Gordon Lennox and the Lords Alexander and Henry Lennox, has just left Ness Castle, near Inver ness, where his Grace has been visiting Lord and Lady Saltoun. The Duke proceeded to join the Duchess of Richmond and the other members of his family at Gor don Castle. The Marchioness of Salisbury rallied on Sa turday last, and was better on Sunday than she had been for the last three weeks. On the first-mentioned day her Ladyship was removed from the bed-room she occupied on her arrival in Arlington -street to another which was thought more eligible. The constantly lying on a bed has brought on great debility, and the back has suffered much from that cause. A German phy sician c) great skill has accompanied the family over, and it was by his advice that the patient was brought home, he stating that the air of England was better than any other for her complaint. Two physicians in addition were called in on Saturday. A correspondent informs us that amongst the company assembled during the past week to witness the camp and military evolutions at Fontainebleau, were Sir William Follett, M.P., and family. The Learned Gentleman looked extremely well, and appeared to watch the proceedings as closely as though he had been professionally engaged for that purpose.—Galignani. The marriage of Lord Glenlyon to Miss Home Drummond will take place in Scotland about the week after next. • The day i 3 not yet fixed. The Marquis of Normanby has arrived in town from Brokman's Park, near Hatfield. MARRIAGE OP THE QUEEN —A Church and State No-Popery paper puts forth the following equally alarming and loyal statement Coburg family have left for the consummation of a marriage between Prince Albert of that house, and Queen Victoria ; and it is also rumoured that he is a convert to the Roman Catholic religion. This report gathers much conformation from the fact, that although Prince Ferdinand attended St. George's Chapel while on a visit, his children attended high mass at the Roman Catholic Chapel at Clewer. This chapel is private property ; but it seems to be ge nerally understood, that a new Roman Catholic Chapel is to be built in Windsor, which will be worthy of Romish visiters to the English Court, and the increasing number of officials ; and perhaps of the Queen's hus band, and --, " When James 11. went to mass, the Duke of Norfolk, carrying the Sword of State, stopped at the chapel door and let the King pass. Your father,' said James to him, would have gone further.' Your Majesty's father,' replied the Duke, ' would not have gone so far.' " Her Majesty once had a father, who, it is believed, " would not have gone so far" as her surviving parent has done in the arrangements. The - failure of the Marquis of Huntly has ex cited considerable sensation in this quarter. His debts are said to average 600,0001., whilst, from the schedule of funds, it appears there are not Is. 6d. per pound likely to be realized to pay the debts. This town suf fers only 10,0001. ; Dundee, 20,000/. ; Montrose, 30,000/. ; and Aberdeen, 100,000/. The Noble Mar quis has gone ad interim to Paris.—Arbroath Herald. [The Marquis of Huntly is premier Marquis of Scot land ; b. 1761, sue. to' the Earldom of Aboyne on the death of hjs father, Charles, fourth Earl, in 1794, and to the Marquisate of Huntly on the death of George, fifth Duke of Gordon, in 1836.] Mr. Hill, the General Inspector of Prisons for Scotland, has been in Glasgow,andhadaconferenee with the Magistrates. The Scotch Prisons' Bill will not come into operation till next year ; and then it is in tended that the old French prison or barracks at Perth shall be converted into the general penitentiary for Scotland. By this means at least 1.)0 prisoners may be drafted from the present complement in Glasgow bridewell, and by this riddance the Commissioners will be enabled to convert Bridewell into the criminal prison for Glasgow.---Glasgow Paper. ROYAL EXCHANGE.—At the Common Coun cil yesterday Mr. Jones, the city architect. stated that the Committee would report the three best designs in a few days, after which there would be a public view of the whole of the plans. By the beginning of the year the ground would be completely cleared. MAITLAND, SYDNEY, APRIL, 1839.—The welcome descent of misty rain, and the succession of verdure -producing showers, have furnished effects for the most grateful piety to the supreme cause of life and and nourishment. The Governor has been in the midst of it, making inspection of the territorial capabilities of this chaplaincy. At a time when the alarmists—dis trustful of . the Unerring Promisor of seed-time and harvest, and winter and summer, depress the public hope and spirits of the enterprisin g with accounts of ca lamity, it is ground of considerable gratulation that the interchanges of holy nature's ties, unseparated by the greatest distance possible on this globe, communicate the gladdening news of reviving benefit s and beauteous prospects amid the despondencies of recent sufferers and the undue foregoings of faithful anticipation.—Extract of a letter from Sydney. A large number of Englishmen who had taken service in Don Carlos's army have within the last few days passed though Rennes, returning to England by St. Malo and Jersoy.—French Paper. me to be incapable of the conduct imputed to me, and a firm reliance on justice being Ultimately done to all parties, have suppuitea me under an accumu lation of attetks such as few professional men can hove been subjected to. WINDSOR ) tvo.nAy.—The Queen, the Queen Dow ager. add the Duchess of Kent, left the Castle at three eMock in the afternoon, in a carriage, for a drive in the Great Park. The Ladies of the Royal party followed in three of the Queen's carriages —the Countess of Sandvvieb., Viscountess of Barrington, Lady Charlotte Pundas, Hon. Miss Cocks, Hon. Miss Paget, lion. Miss Mitchell, and the Hon. Mrs. Campbell ; the whole of the Gentlemen at the Castle attending the illustrious party on horseback. THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1839. LITERATURE FOREIGN QUARTERLY REVIEW. No. XL VII. Black and Armstrong, London, 1830, The views and objects of lgahomet in the com position of his famous " Koratm" forms the sub ject or the first article in this Number. We highly approve the spirit in which it is written, for it is free from all sectarian prejudice, and does fearless justice to the character of one of the master-minds of the world. It is impossible," observes the re viewer, " to degrade Mahomet as a prophet, with out exalting him as a man. If superiority to the prejudices of age and country ; if perseve rance in a sacred cause, despite persecution and ignominy, if clemency in the full career of con quest, if unequalled influence over the minds and passions of mankind give a title to the admiration of posterity, w here shall we find, short of Mosaic dispensation, a claim so undeniable as his ?" Of his celebrated Korann, which even now regulates the belief of half the world, we have the following pat ticulars : " At our first step we plunge at once into the awful. ness of the general question. With the exception of prayers, a few of r, hich only occur, the Korann is writ ten throughout in the person of the Almighty. Re monstrances and instructions, promises and threats, blessings and curses, are all represented as proceeding directly from him. And though sometimes the cur rent of enthusiasm and indignation seems to lose sight of its sacred source, the connection is constantly re called at the end of the period. Though a good deal of what may be strictly termed poetry occurs in the early chapters, the bulk of the work is prose with rhymes. To preserve the concluding cadence, a few words of similar import and construction are constantly made use of, and it is this continual recurrence of al. most identical phrases after sentences of prose, which renders translation such a d:fficult task. Without the licence of poetry and without the plainness of prose, it is impossible to preserve its effect without sacrificing its identity. Were any one bound in translating Homer, or Hesiod, to render strictly all the complimentary and terminating epithets that have such fine effect in the original, his version would be nearly as unentertaining as Sale's translation of the Korann. Yet in this there would be less difficulty, because in them every part of every line has all the freedom and fancy of poetry. It would seem, however, that the sentences have a rude species of rhythm independent of the terminating ca dence ; but one which is unattainable to a European ear. Our cathedral chaunts, in which verses of very different length are all adapted to the same melody, will enable us to understand how this may he." Among the extracts from the Mahometan Bible with which the Reviewer furnishes us, we find the story of the " Hermit," which Voltaire, it may be remembered, has closely imitated in his " Za dig," and Parnell in one of his earliest and most pleasing poems. We little thought at the time we read the story in the works of thes e wr it ers , t h at the ori g i na l w was to met with in the " Korann." " Mailath's History of the Magyars" is a careful notice of an historical account of Hungary, lately published by a Hungarian noble, of one of the oldest families in the country. There are many curious facts stated in the course of this re view, and not the least curious, is the circumstance that Koloman a Maygar Monarch, who was nearly contemporary with our King John, " prohibited the persecution of witches throughout his Hungarian dominions, because witchcraft has no existence." Strange, that the Sovereign of a remote, semi-barbarous State, should, in the twelfth century, have had sagacity enough to see the rank absurdity of that superstition, which in the seven teenth century, was adhered to as a serious truth, by some of the first lawyers and philosophers in England I The illustrious Sir Thomas Browne, the redoubtable lawyer Coke, and the deep-thoughted Lord Chancellor Bacon, all firmly believed in witch craft. Such are some of the " !ears of the brave and follies of the wise !" The essay headed " German Influence upon the Civilization and Progress of Uncultivated Nations" is acutely rea soned, but we think rather too much stress is laid on the results _of the labours of Herder, and the philosophers of his school. " Industrial and Moral State of Belgium" enters into a variety of statis tical details, whose object is to show that this country is fast advancing in commercial and agri cultural prosperity, but that it is still deficient in national institutions for the purposes of education. We quote a passage from the introductory portion of this article : " The kingdom of Belgium is in some shape, and in dustrially speaking, the most satisfactory result of the revolutionary movement which eight years ago shook the thrones of Europe. Whilst in France a mistaken po licy has hitherto prevented the realization by the na tion of the full practical benefits for which its blood was spilled in the three days of July, and whilst the un happy Poles rue the day when an evil destiny tempted them to lift their arms against their too powerful op pressor, the Belgians are in the enjoyment of as sub stantial advantages as ;heir most sanguine hopes be fore the struggle of September ever ventured ,to antici pate. Their country is delivered from a foreign yoke ; their Constitut►on is based on the most liberal princi ples ; their Sovereign is of their own choice ; and their laws and institutions, though not yet in perfect or ganization, are in that state of progression which pro mises well for the prosperity and happiness of the people." The " Philosophy of Kant" is an essay whose course lies among the thorns and briars of meta physics. The Reviewer is evidently impressed with the very highest opinion of the German philo sopher, but he scarcely makes out his assertion, that in reading his works, we " become aware of the dignity of human character, and of the glory of our ultimate destiny." In the " Opium Trade with China"—which the Reviewer does not hesi tate to pronounce " one of the most abominable and mischievous systems now in existence, and re flecting the greatest dishonour on the British flag"-- we find some interesting particulars respectng this trade. "It has," we are told, " risen into im portance altogether of late years, and has increased to a most surprising extent. An instance of such rapid augmentation of a single branch of commerce is hardly on record. Some years back, about the time of the embassy of Lord Macartney, scarcely any mention was made of it, as opium was then used merely as a medicine. Afterwards it was em ployed as a luxury, and from that time the consump tion rapidly increased." It. is now producing, we learn, the most demoralizing effects on the Chinese, so much so, that the Emperor has at length been compelled to put his formal public veto on the im portation of the fatal drug. In the concluding part of this instructive article, there is a most impres sive description of the action and re-action that opium produces on the human frame, which, for breadth and vigour of colouring, may almost vie with De Quincey's graphic sketch in the " Con fessions of an English Opium Eater," and Hope's equally striki ng s k etc h i n " Anastasius." The " Arabian Nights" is a pleasing, gossiping notice of the most recent translations of these fascinating works of fiction; and .‘ Paul de Kock's Novels" speaks in terms of deserved praise, of the writings of the cleverest French novellist that modern times have produced. .MRS. .HEMANS'S POEMS. Vor.. V. .Blackwood, Edinburgh, 1839. The contents of this volume arc more than usually interesting, consisting of Mrs. Hemans's most successful dramatic attempt, the " Vespers of Palermo," respecting whose representation at Co vent Garden we have some amusing particulars in the ably-written memoir in the first volume ; the series of striking poems entitled " Records of Wo man," and several miscellaneous poems, among which is the " Voice of spring," the most popular little gem that the authoress ever wrote. The vo lume is embellished with an elegant engraving of " Cwm, near St. Asaph," from a sketch drawn by Mrs. Hemans herself. SMITH'S STANDARD LIBRARY. Smith, London, 1839, Contains the autobiography of the celebrated Flo rentine artist, Benvenuto Cellini, together with illus trative notes, and an appendix. Th e number is in medium octavo, and is got up with much neatness, and at a remarkably cheap price. FABLES, ORIGINAL AND SELECTED. Tilt, London, 1839. An amusing work, well calculated to suit the tastes of the lovers of light literature. The engrav ings are of more than average merit. MINE ACCIDENT.—Last week an old man, called Benbow, met with his death under very distres sing circumstances at Tresaven mine in Gwennap. He was employed in adjusting the machinery of a whim, when the crank of the fly-wheel struck him, and literally s e vered his head from his body.—Falmo u th Packet. A VALUABLE DUCK.—James Laycock, of Hoyland, near Wentworth, has in his possession a duck which has laid 63 eggs, sat twice and hatched 22 birds, in the space of 19 weeks—viz., from the 4th day of March to the 13th July last.—Doncaster Chronicle. STATE OF THE CURRENCY. [We publish the following remarks in connec tion with Mr. Solly's petition, which appeared in our paper of Monday, on the state of the cur rency.J _ THE THEORY OF MONEY, &c. &c. Although the theory of money forms the most essential part of the science of political. economy, it appears never to have been sufficiently, consi dered, even by the most eminent writers on the subject. And thence it was that the advocates of the bullion syslem were enabled to argue their case, by a reference to the imperfect view taken by some of the first authorities. Adam Smith tells . us, th a t money h a d i ts or i g i _ _ in the division of labour, and that 'its object is to facilitate the exchange which arises out of it. He supposes that money promotes this division and exchange, by being a standard and represen tion of value. But his confined view presents us only with a more complicated speci.ls of barter. In attempting to illustrate his positron, he adduces the case " of a butcher who has more meat in his shop than he himself can consume, and the brewer, and the baker, would each be willing to purchase part of it. But they have nothing to offer in exchange but the different productions of their respective trades, and the butcher is already provided with all the bread and beer which he has immediate occasion for. And therefore, the baker and the brewer must, as he says all prudent men must, have some other commodity besides their own peculiar one, which they ima gine nobody would refuse." This would be merely barter, the exchange of one commodity for another, meat for gold, and the latter possessing merely, as he expresses it, the imaginary quality that nobody would refuse it. Now the object of instituting money was to su persede barter, as being inefficient for the pur pose of that extended division of labour, which results ad infinitum from the increase of population and civilization. Adam Smith would have made his illustration more to the point if he had continued it through the whole range of the division of commodities, proceeding to state, that the butcher supplied the hatter, the tailor, the shoemaker, the grazier, the landlord, the annuitant, &c., with meat, and they again him with their commodities. But the butcher wants but one hat, two suits of clothes, four pair of shoes in the course of the year, whilst he supplies the meat perhaps daily. He is under engagements to pay rent to the landlord, and taxes for the annuitant. The grazier again con sumes but a small part of the meat in return for the cattle with which he supplies the butcher ; but the landlord, annuitant, and grazier, take their hats, clothes, shoes, beer, and bread of the respective tradesmen, thereby enabling these to balance their account with the butcher, by means of the balance the latter owes to them. Thence arose the system of mutual debts and credits, which is what is called money. Money is in its essence simply the debtor and creditor account of the arithmetical division, which arises out of the division of labour. In various countries and at various times, the debt has been scored with chalk, or notched on a stick, counters of leather and other materials, promissory and bank notes, and bills of exchange have been used to admonish, to dun, the debtor, as the derivation of the word money shows. To say that these arithmetical figures should be of gold or silver, is to say, that foot measures should be of gold or silver, as these metals. form merely an extraneous quality. Many persons, however, are from habit accus tomed to identify in their own mind money with the coin that circulates, and do not reflect how small a proportion this latter forms of the money con cerns of a nation ; whereas in fact the money con cerns of the world at the present day have long out stripped their relation to gold and silver. Take as an example the national debt of eight hundred millions—can anybody ' say, that there are eight hundred millions of sovereigns, or the same amount in bullion, in existence in the whole world, still less in England ? Do not the farmers un dertake to pay annually fifty millions for rent ; and have they not to pay twice that sum for all theirlother outgoings ? And to what amount arc the annual undertakings of merchants, of manufac turers, of shipowners, and of tradesmen ? Wil' two hundred millions suffice ? Do not a popula tion of twenty-two millions in Great Britain spend four hundred millions in, the year ? And when you sum up 'the value of,all the individual proper ties of the kingdom, will two thousand millions be sufficient? And what, then, is the national debt of eight hundred millions of sovereigns that do not exist, but after all a species of abstract currency ; that is, abstract as regards gold, for in spite of the abused term, an absolute abstract currency no more exists than an abstract creditor, or a creditor without a debtor. To affect therefore a return in fact to gold pay ments with a coinage of ten to twenty millions of sovereigns, is to attempt an impossibility, and thus every effort is made to evade the necessity of using them. Now the very success which has hitherto attended the efforts of ingenuity to supersede the use of bul lion, is brought forward as an argument to palliate the enacting a return to it, by presuming, that in consequenc e of these evasions, the circulating me dium is no ways circumscribed by the Bullion Act. There certainly have been periods %Olen the Bullion Act has not been in active operation, but they have been the deceitful calms that forerun the storm ; and when all was hushed in sleep, the Bul lion Act, like a thief in the night, overwhelms the country with distress. For who, of the many, can watch the various fluctuations of the foreign trade, or foresee to what extent these or bad harvests may be draining the country of coin ? Or who can cal culate what sums are carried abroad by travellers ? And thus, when least expected, such a scene of stagnation and distress ensues as was witnessed in December 1825, and threatened to ensue again this year. Writers in favour of bullion have gained over the annuitants to their side by the notion, that if the quantity of money is increased the price of commo dities will be enhanced to them ; and they oppose' paper money, from the supposition that it facilitates' such enhancement. Now as money arises out of, and is in fact a 'debt, for which some commodity or other is aniwerable, and to meet which the commodity must sooner or later be sold, how can the increase of debt enhanc e the price of commodities ? Even though the hold. ers of a commodity are enabled to demand a 11gbvr, price by borrowing upon it, if there is no other ground' for raising the price the attempt to raise it will . be defeated in the end, for the higher price will induc e an increased supply of the commodity by means of increased production or importation. An extension of paper money does not alter the position of that which regulates price, namely, sup ply and demand. Over speculation may exist with bullion payments as well as with paper money, and is in both cases as readily disappointed. There cannot be a bitter' guarantee against an t h an what resu l ts from the unnatural rise of price, real nature of money, that is the system of debts and credits, when unshackled by bullion ; whereas speculato rs h a d if golden d re ams of some mining been realized, we should by this time have been in undated with bullion ; and what would have been the effect of an additional , supply of fif ty to one hundred millions of sovereigns brought into the market on the price of commodities , I le ave to t h e bullionists to explain to the annuitants. The most important feature, however, in the theory of money, and also of finance, is the conti nued increase of population and concerns, which i s the legitimate cause for the increase of money, and which is generally left out of the calculation in die cussing those subjects. Thus the bullionists are satisfied to show, that estimating the gold circulation, before the Ba n k Restriction Act, to have consisted of thirty millions, and the Bank of England notes at ten millions more ; that as the country is now furnished with ten to twenty millions of sovereigns and eighteen mil lions of Bank of England paper, therefore, the in dustrious classes have no reason to omplain of a deficiency of circulating medium. Now from the first institution of bullion counters, there has been a continued struggle between the and the g row i ng wants of inefficiency of the supply an increasing society. Thence the repeated altera tions, and the making more counters or coins out of the same quantity of metal, which occurred at different periods, till the reign of Queen Elizabeth, when the discovery and working of the mines in South America, for a time afforded a more exten sive supply ; but ever since, the complaints of a deficiency of coin, and the consequent employment of substitutes, have repeatedly occurred. But such an instance of retrograding, as after erecting a fabric of eight hundred millions of debt on the basis of a free paper currency, and then the withdrawing the foundation, is, I believe, without example. Austria and Denmark despotically reduced a debt created in paper money to one-third the original sum ; these are examples of injustice to creditors, whilst ours is one of hardship to debtors. If this debt of ours was provided for by a property tax, it would not have been so directly affected by the Bullion Act ; but Government writers make it a matter of vaunt, that the revenue derived from the Excise is still as productive as before, although so large a proportion of its payments are wrung from the labouring class. The population of this country is stated by Pinkerton as having amounted to thirteen millions for the three kingdoms prim to the time of the Dank restriction; these thirteen millions had a circu lating medium, independent of country banks, of forty millions, as already mentioned. The popula tion is now said to be twenty-two millions, with a circulation of gold and bank paper of from thirty to forty millions. If the individual circulation was in the first period three pounds, it may now fairly be taken at double, and therefore the twenty two millions at six pounds each would require a circulation of one hundred and thirty-two millions at present, and this ratio ought to go on in creasing with the same causes. It is, however, not the object to enter into the calculation of the amount of money requisite, it is only intended to impress this truth, that the increase in the quan tity of money does not necessarily enhance the price of commodities, but that its increase is ne cessary towards an extension of the distribution of comforts to the whole of an increasing population. For it is one of the great cruelties resulting from a contraction of the currency, that the hardship falls particularly on the laborious and poorer classes ; they in the conflict have the worst of it. A contraction of the currency must be attended by a contraction of concerns, and a consequent diminu tion in the demand for labour, in the proportion that it is more difficult to evade the effect of the Bullion Act ; and this is more difficult in the country than in the towns ; so that the effect is felt first by the agricultural class, and subsequently it reacts on the industry of towns. It in vain to decry free trade and foreign corn as the cause of agricultural and manufacturing dis tress ; the distress has occurred, and will again occur when both foreign corn and manufactures are excluded. And it is not the principle of free trade that should be attacked, but the partial application of it. But instead of looking at home, and recom mending the relieving the internal commerce of the country from the despotism of bullion, writers are conjuring up visions of remedy by means of a free trade to India, in order to blink the question of that which is the main and lasting cause of the evil, namely, Mr. Peel's Bill. In the natural course of things the increase of money, that is of debts and credits, should be en abled to go hand in hand with the increase of popu lation and commodities ; and an endeavour to im pede it by a Bullion Act is an attempt at suicide on the well-being of the community. As it was principally in the country that paper money was most in use and most wanted, country banks, instead of being abused and persecuted should have been upheld and fostered for their utility. On a former occasion I have shown, that ac cording to the documents laid before the Bullion Committee, in 1810, the annual supply of gold from all quarters of the globe does not average more than one million sterling per annum for the use of the whole world, and that a gold circulation for this country of fifty millions would absorb the pro duce of the mines for fifty years. Independent of the claims of other countries for their share of this produce, it is worth while to inquire, what is the present annual consumption of gold in the whole world for gold plate and gilding ? and whether half the annual production of the mines will suffice for that ? But if the increase of population ought to be considered in estimating the quantity of circulating medium requisite for a country, it shoUld no less be taken into consideration in estimating_ the produc tiveness of t a x es on consumption. And wherever it is shown, that the revenue derived, particularly from taxes . on the consumption of articles of more or less necessity and comfort, does not correspond in increase with the increase of population, it proves that the ratio at least of the tax is oppressive. Thus, if the produce of the tax on beer and malt remains stationary for ten years, we may calculate the number of those who are prevented by the high tax from the same enjoyment as their fellow crea tures. In anything like a fair mode' of distribution in the taxation, the increase of population , ought to form an effective sinking fund for the debt.' It would be easy for Ministers to place taxation on such a footing at the present time. For if loans were raised at a time when only fifty pounds were received against the obligation to repay one hundred, and the interest thereon exceeded six per cent., why should they not be resorted to now that Government may have money lent them on such moderate terms as at present, the object of the loan in both cases being to lessen the imme diate burthens, and particularly now, when the ob ject would be, in addition, that of procuring an increasing revenue ? As an annual loan of ten mil lions would admit of the reduction, to an equal amount, of the taxes on the consumption of such articles as are equally an object of necessity or comfort to the poorer labouring lass as to the wealthy class, such as the taxes on beer, malt, sugar, tea, candles, &c., and if these were lowered to one half their present rate, as they are objects of such general use, there would in all probability, if Mr. Peel's Bill be repealed, be such an increase of consumption, and consequent increase of reve nue, as would not merely provide for the interest of the new loans, but also go far towards providing them with a sinking fund. And should a property tax, as the fairest of all taxes, be deemed advisable or necessary to pro vide. for the interest of such new loans, they !night be continued for twenty years before a pro perty tax of ten per cent. would be absorbed. In fact, the annual accumulation of the wealthy and the penurious in this country is so great, that it requires an annual supply of new stock ; and annual loans would give new life to all con cerned in, such transactions, while it would be a re lief to the industrious classes. There has been a report, that the Duke of Wel linaton has it in contemplation to introduce mea sures to this effect, and should he persevere, he will well deserve the thanks of the country, by pro curing a free unshackled paper currency, lie will restore the internal commerce of the country to its natural vigour ; he will carry comfort to the dwell ings of the industrious peasantry, by the increased employment which will result from such free currency; and by placing comforts within their reach, in low ering oppressive taxation, he will be rewarded, in addition to the blessings of the nation, by being re lieved from the embarrassment which a decreasing revenue and loud complaints of distress must in volve him in. MARLBOROUGH-STREET. (THIS DAY.) MILITARY OUTRAGE.—John Hewett and Thomas Rosselton, privates in the 7th company of the Grenadier Guards, were placed at the bar, before Mr. LONG, the sitting Magistrate, on the following charge :- I\lr. James Pearson, a respectable tradesman, residing in East -street, Golden-square, stated that about half past nine o'clock last night he was proceeding along Regent-street, when he observed the defendants walk ing arm-in-arm on the footway pavement, with swagger ing gait, and evidently intoxicated. The prisoner Hewett was flourishing a heavy baton (or turned walk ing-stick of solid chesnut), and rushing from his com panion, commenced an indiscriminate attack upon per sons he met with. Men, women, and children were prostrated with dangerous contusions by the prisoner in his drunken furor, and witness was about being attacked when he sprang forward, and, seizing the prisoner by the throat, secured him. The other prisoner was also given in charge to the police, after which he behaved in a riotous and disorderly manner, and attempted to rescue himself and his companion. Mr. LONG said he should fine the prisoners 40s. each, or one month's imprisonment. The Sergeant of the company to which the prisoners belonged said that no means would be afforded them from the Regimental Fund to pay their fine. The prisoners were removed, chap•fallen, to the lock up cells, to await the arrival of the prison van. ~ SERVILITY OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS," TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. London, October 5,183 g. SlR,—Conversing lately with an intelligent fo reigner about the supposed efficiency of the House of Commons, my attention was awakened to sundry matters which had passed unobserved by me. As an Englishman, proud of the country to which I belonged, I ventured to boast of the vast importance of the House of Commons ; whereas the Foreigner, who had no national prejudices to overcome, gave it as his opinion, that, as compared with other simi lar assemblies, the British House of Commons is the most contemptible of any. " Show me," ex claimed my Friend, very earnestly, " show me any where else a Chamber, the representative of the nation, which is treated by the other branches of the Legislature as is your House of Commons ?" He then pointed out very forcibly the uncourtcous deportment of the Lords, whenever the two Houses come in contact with each other—how, even the Sovereign does not treat them as equal to the Lords, nor with the accustomed attention to which as gentlemen the Commons have as good a claim as the Lords—and lastly, he defied me to produce an instance out of England, Where the Chamber of Re presentatives submitted to the appellation of " the Lower Chamber," or of " the Lower House." I must confess, Sir, that I was silenced for a time : and I felt much ashamed both for my country and for its Parliamentary Representatives. But, on turning these matters in my mind at leisure, I soon saw reason to cease wondering any longer either at the impotency of the Reformed House of Com mons, or at the growing importance of the House of Lords. For, as in the ordinary occurrences of life, a person who is not alive to the indignities offered to him, cannot be treated otherwise than with contempt ; so, too, an Assembly which can submit patiently to sundry doings (which shall be here nameless), must be satisfied to play second fiddle only, if permitted to play any fiddle at all. Your readers, Sir, who are acquainted with the treatment of the House of Commons from the very first day that a new Parliament is assembled until the period of its last prorogation, will know well enough to what practices I allude ; practices which must be corrected before we can hope to derive much benefit from Parliamentary Reform. As long as they continue, it matters not by what name the Commons ate distinguished ; whether as the Lower House, or as no House at all. By allowing the antiquated customs of the feudal times to remain, we are now paying for our blind veneration of what is a disgrace to the pre sent age ; yet, let us not despair, that there may be still found a few Members out of the six hundred and fifty-eight, who, when Parliament meets again, will pluck up spirit enough to call for an imme diate change ; so as to save the Commons from all future indignities, and put them upon an equality with the House of Lords. That accomplished, we may then hope to find the Bills passed by the Commons treated with the respect and defe rence to which they are entitled, but of which hereditary privileges, and absolute irresponsibility, have hitherto deprived them. The very first step taken by the House of Commons after its Reform seven years ago, ought to have been that which now recommend but, unfortunately, no person seems to have thought of it, perhaps, because it had never been pointed out to them. I remain, Mr. Editor, Your most obedient servant, BRITTANICUS. SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY. (From the Morning Ckronirle.) After its own peculiar fashion, the Tory press is do ing very good service by its daily harping upon the ap plication of the education grant, and the recent Minis terial appointments. The abuse which it ceaslessly pours forth on these topics was requisite, in order to fix public attention on their importance, and render them duly appreciated. In both instances the character and worth of the movement were liable to a disregard that is most effectually removed by these demonstrations of rage, hatred, and mortification. The impression had been produced that Ministers either feared or frater nized with the Tories too much for the interests of the reform cause to be prudently entrusted to their hands. Many circumstances had rendered that sus picion by no means unreasonable. The extent of the counteraction afforded by their conduct, in the cases referred to, was not at first felt. The education grant is small in amount, and aggran dized by none of the " pride, pomp, and circum stance" of a great national measure. It did not, nor could it, awake anything, like enthusiasm ; nor could this be expected of appointments which resulted from no party struggle, and evinced no party triumph. But both events struck at the root of the disaffection towards the Ministry that had spread amongst Reformers. Both breathed defiance to Toryism. This was the very thing wanted of Ministers, and of which the hope had been too often disappointed. The danger still remained that the public might not perceive how much was done ; and this peril has been averted by the Tory press. With unwearied labour and unmitigated ascerbity of feeling, it proclaims how deeply it has been outraged, and how effectually it has been thwarted. On both points the testimony of Toryism continues to be borne most satis factorily. (From the Times.) There are among the Irish Liberal party, as it is called, several Protestants, whose station and character are not inferior, and whose capacity for the transaction of business is greatly superior to those of Mr. O'Fer rail, Mr. Wyse, or Mr. Sheil. The public, therefore, cannot be deceived by the assertion that these promo tions have been made with a view merely to admit the poor Irish Liberals to a participation in the crumbs and pickings of loaves and fishes when the Whigs have satisfied their own appetites, and stopped the mouths of their hungry hangers on, and needy nephews, &c. No, these promotions can only betaken as a proof that Lord Melbourne is still determined to give " heavy blows and great discouragements to Pro testantism," as often as opportunities present themselves ; and we arc not surprised that all intelligent Protestants throughout the empire are rising to rebuke this insult ing and unconstitutional conduct. But they must do more. They must make signal examples of their un principled Ministers, and not suffer them to escape with the mere loss of their places and their pay, however heavily that deprivation may fall upon the sordid and selfish slaves of the great patron and protector of the worthless Whigs—O'Connell. (From the Alorning Advertiser.) We fear that the unfortunate youth, now lying under sentence of death in Newgate, is destined to undergo the execution of his rigorous sentence ; and yet most willingly would we hope, though it be against hope, that the Noble Marquis will not commence his Home Ad ministration so inauspiciously as to sanction, and to sanction, too, in the face of the recommendation to mercy given by the jury who tried the wretched youth, the execution of the capital sentence pronounced upon him by the Judge who presided at the trial. In Ire land the Noble• Marquis got credit for being one of the most clement representatives of Royalty that ever set foot in that island ; it is impossible that the mere cir cumstance of having crossed the water should thus suddenly have transformed the clemency of his cha racter into an attribute of a totally opposite nature. The day appointed for the execution of Barker is Mon day next. First of all, let us earnestly impress on the Noble Marquis, the extreme youth of the unhappy person sentenced to have his blood shed on the scaffold. on Monday next. He is only in his nineteenth yei.r ; and can therefore be scarcely raid to have fairly emerged from his boyhood. Secondly—The crime for which he is appointed to suffer, is not the murder of a fellow creature ;it is only for the crime of rape—a crime the turpitude of which we would not, on any account, at tempt to lessen in public estimation, but which surely cannot be compared with that of murder. Thirdly— The crime was not premeditated. It was proved in the most conclusive manner, that the party com mitting it could not have entertained the idea until within a few minutes of the circumstance having taken place. Fourthly—lt was attended with no violence. The prosecutrix made no complaints on this head ; it was proved that no grounds existed for any. Fifthly—The prosecutrix was proved—indeed she did not deny the fact—t o h ave h a d frequent illicit i n. tercourse with other persons. In other words she was not a chaste or virtuous woman. Sixthly — There is every reason to believe that the prosecutrix encouraged, by her langutw improper advances or conduct, if not by both , the advances of the unhappy youth ; and that but . for her having done so he would never have entertained the idea of taking liberties with her. Scventhly—The Jury hesitated nearly an hour before they returned a verdict of guilty, evidently showing that they had doubts in their minds as to whether they ought not to have ac quitted him. Ei ghthly—The Jury unanimously and earnestly recommended the wretched youth to the mercy of the Crown. Lastly—lt was proved that his previous character was irreproachable. Shall, then, the sentence of d‘eath be carried into effect in a case in which tb ere arc so many mitigatory circumstances ? Shall the public mind be outraged on Monday next by the legal butchery of Barker ? These are questions which car only be answered by the Noble Marquis at the head -of the Home Administration. (From the Morning Herald.) The operation of the Poor-law in Ireland, is, natu rally, looked to with considerable anxiety. The Poor law which ha, , been introduced into that country by our !WES INL EDITION. 1 e ~i present rulers, is objectionable in many most importan t ) respects. In addition to the imperfections and vioes in I the law itself,—vices and imperfections which must, 1' naturally, obs:ruct its effectual operation—a large body of the landowners of Ireland have viewed the immure with dislike ; and will, indirectly, as far as they Ivey, combine to render it unproductive of benefit. The great principle of the measure however—the principle that the poor of Ireland, when unemployed, have a right to subsistenc e from the soil of Ireland—has been., at length, distinctly recognised by the Imperial Legisla ture ; and from the recognition of that great social truth, results of a highly beneficial kind are destined, ultimately, to flow. In order to alleviate that pressure on the resources of Irish landowners, which has been anticipated from the sudden introduction of a Poor-law, emigration on a large scale has been recommended by . 1 ' the Commissioners, who m G overnment employed to prepare materials for legislation on this subject. (From the Morning Post.) There is a certain flash or cant language of Radical and Ministerial politicians which it appears that they find very convenient for deluding the dull and vain among their votaries. Of this cant language we may take as an example the phrases continually in the mouths of political quacks, to the effect that such and such persons are "behind the country," and other per sons again "in advance of the country," in their politi cal views and opinions. Now, this is nothing but th e "flash language," the slang and gibberish of p o li t i ca l sharpers and mountebanks, who have so long used it with a kind of success, that in the grossness of their seliconceit they begin almost to imagine that there is something in it. These quacks say that "the opinions of the Tories are behind the coun try." Behind the country ! We beseech any one of common sense just lo try for one moment what he can make of this gibberish. If , it were said that the opinions of the Tories differed from the prevailing opinion of the country, or more agreed with the opinion that prevailed formerly than the opinion that prevails now, the proposition would be intelligible, though it would still remain to be inquired whether h were true. Again we are told that the opinions of the Radicals are "in advance of the coun try." Here is gibberish more unintelligible still. "In advance of the country !" Advance towards what ? Who pronounces the judgment that the Raicals are wiser and more farseeing than the rest of the country? Who but the Radicals themselves ? Marvellous mo desty ! Most trustworthy evidence! SECOND EDITION. FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF THIS DAY. (From the Courier.) There is no country perhaps, in the world, less fitted at the present time, than France for an extension of the elective franchise. The French people, with out the exception even of the greater part of the elective portion, arc almost entirely i.norant of the true nature of a Constitutional Government. Their present electoral privileges are not the result of time and circumstances, grown up with the general in crease of the wealth and the constitutional knowledge of the nation. The French passed per sauton from the most slavish condition of despotic monarchy, to free dom. They are neither accustomed by habit to the forms and working- of a representative Goyernment„nor by time and reason to the characteristics of a constitu- tional Monarchy. They still seek to effect reforms by the pike and musket, instead of trusting to the agency of a system of Parliamentary representation. What are franchises, what is a political code, to a people who have not yet learned their true meaning ? It cannot but be considered a great misfortune to France that the 'peo ple are hurried on from one political change to another before they have acquired any habits of order or of submission to the laws. Even as it is, there is sufficient excitement and turbulence in the Chamber of De puties, in which there are alrerdy a sufficient num tuber of political quacks without talent or for tune. In what condition would the Represen tative Chamber of France be, were the adoption of the Electoral system of the Radical Reform party to array numbers against intelligence and to admit as a member any man without education, without property, without, in short, any qualification but that of being an elector ? It is a good while since that one of the first statesmen in France, M. Guizot, observed that the true progress of a nation, " lorsqu'il sorti de l'ordre, d'y rentrer." We quite agree with M. Guizot in this maxim, which is quite as applicable to England as to France. It is religious education, and good habits that the French people want, and not an elective reform. (From the Globe.) The Corporation of London, like the House of Commons, possesses within itself the power of reform ing itself by amending the system of representation by which Members are returned to its Common Council. When the citizens obtained the privilege of electing their Representatives the numbers ofthe Common Councilmen were regulated by the number of inhabitants and the amount of property in the several Wards. Various cir cumstances have in the course of time materially changed the condition of the wards ; and the dispropor tion thus occasioned between the numbers of the inhabi t Ants and the members they return, has prOduced cOtii:- derable dissatisfaction in the citizens, and has been found to present serious obstacles to the reform of the numerous abuses which, in common with all the old enrporatiOns, have been found to exist in that of the city of London. Leave was obtained to bring in a llill fqr.tile rfrinov4l of these inequalities in th e representation .of the eltiiens in their corporate chamber ; thitt all the forms might be observed, the Bill was prepared under the direction of the civic legal authorities, and provided that the following should be the number of reinesei4tiVes to be elected in future, the number of representatifee being proportioned to the number of electors . ; Aldersgate, 8 ; Aldgate S ; BasshishaW, 4; Billini4gate, 6 ; Bishopsgate, 14 ; Bread-street, 6 ; Bridge,,6; Broad street, 8 ; Candlewick, 6 ; Castle Baynard, 8,; 8 ; Coleman -street, 6 ; Cordwainers, 6'; Cornbill,'.6 ; Cripplegate-within, S ; Cripplegate-without, 8 ; Dow gate, 6 ; Farringdon-within, 12 ; Farringden-without, 16 ; Langbourne, 8 ; Lime -street; 4 ; Portsolten, 8 .; Queenbith e , 6. ; . Tower, 8 ; Vintry, 6 ; WallbroOk;6. The measure came on for discussion yesterday, and was introduced in a plain matter-of fact speech by M. Wheeler. The opposition to the measure frern this Anti-Reformers was as determined and unreasonable as was manifested by the Tories to the Reform Pill ; ,in deed it was a Lilliputian edition of the Brobdignag re sistance to reform in the national representation. (From the Standard.) . Time was when meetings, having for their object ,the protection of the Protestant religion from the jesuitical artifices of its Popish assailants, were considered not only strictly justifiable, but even laudable. In those days it was neither " factious" nor disloyal to express a hope that the contract entered into to maintain the Protestant Ascen dancy by the monarchs of Great Britain en their accession to its throne, will never be violated. The times, however, have strangely altered since then ; and if we go on in the same track much longer, we may expect that every public declaration of opinion on the part of a Protestant will in due time become a statutable offence. Protestants are now, according to the Morning chronicle, " fanatics," and Protestant Associations, instituted to protect the re formed religion of the land from Popish encroaChmeot, "perambulating firebrand societies." The late-meet ings at Manchester and Liverpool, comprising three fourths of the wealth and respectability of those impor tant districts, were, we are assured by the Ministerial organs, mere assemblages of " bigot -agitators." The Protestant faith is, to be sure, still the national reli gion ; but a Popish ban is already upon ProteStants,:if they arc no longer allowed to meet togetheril9i.. rho purpose of devising measures for their mutual security, without being proscribed as " theological sava , res,"Msl sole object is to " coquet with the fiend n ' r:perpe i cu 7 tion," and to " reduce the great mass of the :frisli people to " a degradation less tolerable than that 'of negro slavery." THE FUN DS.---(CLOSIN G PRICES,.)' Bramll FUNDS , . , llank Stock • India Stack ' • ' 3 per Cent. lied . , 3 per Cent. Ct. i 15....... :3! , ( 2 per Cent. Red Ditto New Annuities New 4', per Cent New 3 per Cent. Ditto , :iio./...-„,,,. . , ... „ !.., ais, Long Annuities to expire Ditto 500/...........„„ ~ ~ Jan, ISM — Bank Stock for 0m.., - ' Pin Oct. iSS9 ......... —. India Stock for Act ~. Jan IWO lt '!-II Consols for Act ..... ........ ......... 0 - 6 /4. , , -. /DREW N FUNDS hper cent. -' : Portuguese Bonds, ... r.. 1.,,5, a per cent ...111 Austrian, 5 per cent. ,53 Brazilian Bonds ' Rus , i , 'i flo • 1 - ........... Belgian, 5 per cent. .73 ID)ritutsosiaNne:sl, iDeirtt.eoeL,t ...... ......„ .3E4. !Ditto, Metallic .. per cent — Spanish, 5 per cent ' Colointban, 6 6 per cent ?Oa Buenos Ayres, Ditto, Deferred Ditto, 1624 14,* Chilian, Danish, 3 per cent_ , —i French, 5 per cent ...... ... —C. , —r. 6 per cent Greek Bonds, 182 a, aver ct — ;Exchange —, —c Mexican, 5 per cent. 27 !French, 3 per cent —4. —r. Ditto,6 Per cent., 1825 ......... Dutch, " per cent. .. 53% 'eruvian, 1825,6 per cent — i Ditto, 5 per cent. " ........ 101 SHARES Great Western Railway Ditto New Shares Grand Junction RailwaV 19656 London and Brighton lt:olw , y London and Birmingham Railway l:2 Ditto New :,hares •il!4 London and Greenwich Railway l4 London and Southampton Railway London and Ctoydon Railway (Trunk) DK, Manclies.ter and Birmingham Rail w ay I6N, SI% North lltdland Railway 37 , )g York and N or th Midl an d Railway The young man, Barke:, who was sentenced to death at the last sessions of the Central Criminal Court, for a capital assault on a female at Barnet, has received a commutation of his sentence, and is to be transported for life. The communication to the Sheriffs, announcing the extension of the Royal mercy to this convict, was signed by Lord Norrnanby on Saturday evening. The eldest daughter of Maria Louisa, Atch ducess of Parma, by Count Neyperg, with whom her Imperial Highneis contracted a morganatic alliance, after the decease of the Emperor Napoleon, is about to be married to an Italian gentleman.—Galignaui. Lord Langdale has purchased Tiepleton-house and its domains at Roehampton. All the accounts of the vintage in France-are. favourable. The wine is of a quality equal, it if, said, to that of 1834, and the quantity is abundant.