The Sun. — London, England, 1821-01-12 00:00:00

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. STATE PAPER. MANIFESTO OF THE PORTUGUESE NvrtoN TO THE SOVEREIGNS AND PEOPLE OF EUROPE. The PoytugneseNation, animated with the most sincere and ardent desire to maintain the political and commercial relations which have hitherto bound it to all the-governments and people of Eu- - . rope, and having more particularly at heart to con tinue to merit in the opinion of illustrious men of all nations the return and consideration which have never been refused to the loyal and honour , able character of the Portuguese, judges it inJis pensably necessary to offer to the public a suc cinct but frank exposition of the causes which produced the memorable events that have lately taken place in ,Portugal, of the true spirit whiCh directed them, of the sole object to which the changes tended that have been made, or which it is intended to make, in the internal form of 'its government. It is confident that this exposition, rectifying the false idea which may perhaps have been conceived of those events, will merit the kind attentions of the Sovereigns and of the people. All Europe knows the extraordinary circum stances which in 1807 forced his Majesty John the Sixth, at that time Prince Regent of Portu sal, to remove kith his Royal family to his trans- Atlantic dominions. It is granted that this reso.' lotion of his Majesty was judged then of the rest decided advantage to the general cause of liberty in Europe. Nobody however failed to perceive the critical situation in which,Portugal was placed by the absence of its Prince, and suc ceeding events proved that_ this foreboding was not van or rash. Portugal, separated from her Sovereign by the vast expanse of the ocean, deprived of all •--re sources from her transmarine possessions, and of all the benefits of commerce, by the blockades of her ports, and governed• at home by a hostile force, which'was then thought invincibV, seem ed to have reached the final term of its political existence, never to be replaced in the rank of independent nations,. In such a desperate crisis this heroic people did not lose its honour, its courage, or its fidelity to its King, which could not be torn from its heart by the force of circumstances, nor by the preponderant power of the enemy. They, in fact, displayed themselves in the most energetic manner as soon as a favourable oppor4unity of fered. The Portuguese, with the assistance of their allies, recovered, at the expense of the most painful sacrifices, their political existence ; re stored with generous loyalty to their monarch the throne and the crown ; and impartial Eu rope must confess (though this justice is not al ways done) that to them are also in a great mea sure owing the triumphs which have since been joined to the advantages of the liberty and inde pendence of thrones and nations. It is more easy to conceive than to express what was the internal situation of Portugal, after circumstances so new, effects so extraordinary,, and a convulsion so general. The ruin of its population commenced by the emigration of the inhabitants who followed the Prince, or endeavoured to withdraW - fiom the distrustful suspicion or the systematic persecution of the enemy ; which was increased by the two fatal invasions of 1809 and 1810, and by the inevitable losses of a long obstinate war of seven years.. • dommerce and industry, which can never pros per but under the beneficent protection of peace, security, and public tranquillity, were not only suppressed and abandoned, but seemed to have been wholly destroyed by the unlimited liberty given to foreign vessels in the ports of Brazil ; by the disastrous treaty of 1810; by the consequent , decline of the national manufactures ; by the al most total destruction of the mercantile, marine, and naval force ; by the absolute want of all care to protect and encourage these two most impor tant branches of public prosperity. Agriculture, the basis of the riches and strength of rations, deprived of the arms which the army or death took from it ; destitute of the capitals which supported it, and which had been some times employed on objects of the more urgent necessity ; deprived of the vital strength which it used to receive from the national industry, and from the active circulation of commerce, both domestic and foreign, lay in a fatal lethargy, and presented to the astonished spectator only the melancholy picture of famine and misery. The sensible diminution of the public revenue, caused by the ruin of the population, of com merce, and of industry ; by the irrevocable loss of the great sums which the enemy violently ex torted from the hands of the Portuguese ; and by the excessive expellees of the war, obliging the nation to contract new and enormous debts, for the payment- of which its resources were engaged, gave the final blow to public credit, which was already shaken by the scandalous malversations of the fiscal aa n ents as well as by the most erro n-ous system ofadministration. • - I If the Portuguese did not love ,and respect • their Prince and his august dynasty with a kind of love ..and adoration almost religious, if they did not wish to receive from his•justice and kind ness alone the reforms and public improvements which such a state of things imperiously de mands, it would be very easy at that time to fix limits to power, or dictate conditions suitable to such urgent circumstances. They were not igno- rant of . their rights ; the general tendency. of • opinion, guided by the light of the age, and openly manifested among the most civilized .na tions of Europe, invited them to such use of these rights Which their ancestors had recognized and , exercised on less pressing occasions the victorious and triumphant army would have sup ported such just . pretensions, and the nation - would now be•freeor certainly less unfortunate. But the character of the Portuguese could not belie itself. They chose rather to hope every thing from their Prince, than to give to Europe, already afflicted by the late misfortunes, the sight of a turbulent and impatient nation, or t appear to abuse the facility afforded by-circum stames to chew a spirit of revolt and want of sub mission. The silent and peaceful endurance of their evils was the basis of their proceedings— confidence in the acknowledged virtues of the Prince, the foundation of their hopes. • . , . But (it is hard to say it !) these lopes were wholly deceived, and this suffering ~as carried to the utmost extent to which it seems possible for the patience of a .high-spirited nation, full of. the feeling of its misfortunes, and not ignorant of the means of remedying them, to endure. After this introduction, the Manifesto proceeds to observe, that it is unnecessary to paint in de tail the melancholy picture of the decline of Por tugal in the last six years, as- being notorious to all Europe: Referring to the preceding, it states - as additional causes of ruin, the sending so many thousand troops to Brazil to carry on a war of which Portugal . bore the burden, and which ex posed it to the attacks of a powerful neighbour, always its rival, and now offended and provoked. Commerce was without encouragement, and every regulation tended only to the advantage of foreigners. Manufacturers were equally discou raged, and while their own manufactures were going to decay, and innumerable workmen re duced to idleness and want, the most insignifi cant articles of furniture or dress were imported from other countries. Portuguese vessels were taken by friends and enemies, insulted and cap tured by pirates, insight of our own fortresses. The Portuguese saw-and suffered. But why re new these profound sorrows ! Even strangers, who profited by the dreadful indifference or cold ness of the Portuguese Government, Often said with honourable frankness--=-".This fine country ,s worthy of a better fate." Blessed as Portuga s with a-most fruitful soil, overflowing with agri cultural riches, augmented in quantity by the improvident, permission of excessive impor tati°ll / . yet the general - distress was so extreme, that the poor was perishing with famine in the midst of plenty, and the bounty of Heaven was blasted by the folly of man. The Manifesto then shews how this distress was still further aggravated by continuing an immense expenditure, as if the Court were still at Lisbon, while the revenue was sensibly dimi nishing by the above causes, as well as by the negligence and peculation - of the officers. The sums sent to Brazil for the war in America, &c., increased the distress and caused the salaries of the public servants in every department, as well as the interest of "the public debt, to be dread fully in arrear; aiid finally, (with shame be it spoken), it was .not possible to complete a loan of only four millions of crusadoes. The Portuguese knowing the heart of tteir Sovereign, hoped he would prepare the necessary reforms, hope which his Majesty sothetimes encouraged ; but the hope vanished, and the Ministers at Rio Janeiro turned aside the King's mind from it, and were displeased when any pa triot dared to publish his opinions on this impor tant subject, and shewed the necessity of restor ing the seat of Government to Portugal. - Hence the Portuguese began to lose their con fidence in'the sole remedy which remained. The idea of being reduced to a colony effected them : and all saw it was impossible for the affairs of a Monarchy to go on regularly at such a distance from the centre of its actions, frequently impeded by the malignity of men, the violence of passions, and even the effects of the elements. _ _ What could the Portuguese nation do such a situation ? Suffer and hope 2 It did suffer and hope in vain for many years. Sigh, remonstrate, complain ? It did sigh, but its sighs were not listened to. Not listened to ? They were repressed, cruelly stifled. It remonstrated and complained, but its remonstrances and com plaints never reached the throne. The King was told that his people were contented and faithful; and the manifesto protests, in the face of Eu rope, the unalterable loyalty of the nation, but observes that content is incompatible with a situa tion like theirs ; it shews that the late events have not their origin, as had been intimated, iu the false principles of an absurd and disorganiz ing philosophy, or by the love of unbridled chi merical liberty, but in the conviction of the pub lic distress and the desire of remedying it. It shows that government is essential, to society ; but that whatever may be the species of Government esta blished in'a nation, and by whomsoever exercised, neither force nor habit, nor the lapse of time, can deprive a nation of its inalienable right of re vising its fundamental laws, and introducing such improvements as may be necessary. The Por tuguese acted upon these principles : they wish. ed to place the Throne upon the solid bases of justice and law : they did not desire to in troduce an innovation, . but a restoration of the state of things which - formerly existed in . Por tugal, when in 1139 they gave the Grown to their first Monarch, and made the first fundamental laws of the Monarchy in the Cortes of Lamigo ; when in 1385 they gave the Throbe to John I. on conditions which be accepted ; when in 1640 they gave it toJohn IV. who also respected their liberties ; when the Portuguese hat their Cortes through a long period of five - centuries, when they reached the summit of glory and greatness. It is, therefore, absurd and unjust to stigmatise what they have done as rebellious or unlawfitt Philip IV. in the same manner denounced the glorious 'rising of the Portuguese, in 1640, as re bellion. It is equally absurd to attribute the late events to a faction. Taking every thing into consideration, the Portuguese cannot doubt but that their patriotic proceedings Inust Merit not only the most favourable consideration, but just praise, both in the public opinion of enlightened • nations and in the Cabinets of the European So vereigns. In conclusion, the Manifesto remarks that if: would be most afflicting•to the Portuguese nation if the powerful Sovereigns with whoni it has ways been on the terms of friendship should abuse their power to impose laws on it, or to re press the noble efforts of a nation, incapable, by its geographical position, of troultling, the peace of. other people, which has never interfered in the Internal concerns of othert, and which may de pend on the acknowledged justice of the Princes of Europe ; but which, if its hopes in this re spect should be disappointed, it will risk every thing in the defence of its just rights ; that the maxim, " No nation ever failed to be free .virhich desired to be.sO," is their encouragemeni; g and that if .411,11 u. pity they should fail in attaining 41i is_hay•pinall,k-the nation . - be 0-destifiyed sooner than conquered', and no good citizen will survive.. the ruin of the public felicity. They, however, anticipate a inure fortunate result. FRENCH PAPERS. VIENNA, DEC. 29.—The Emperor, our Sove reign,.arrived 114 . .17e yesterday from Troppau. We expect to-day the . Emperor Alexander. As to his Prussian Majesty, there is no doubt that, con formable to his promise, he will soon arrive here, in order to proceed with the two Emperors to Laybach. The Austrian Observer published yesterday the following article : TROPPAU, DEC. 23, 1820. " The three allied Sovereigns opened the cOnfetences at Troppau by mutual explanations, as to the point of view in which they regard the Revolution of Naples. The result .was an unanimous conviction that that Revolution' was planned by fanatic sects, and carried into effect by soldiers forgetful of their duties. The violent overthrow of all legal relations, which was the consequence of that Revolution, and the arbi trary and anarchical system substituted Tor those relations, being not only in direct oppositiim to the principles of law, of morality, and of the true happiness of nations:--principles which the A , lonalths have so often and so loudly proclaimed, ut being also,lty reason of their inevitable results, incompa bit with repose and ttatiquillity, and consequently with the maintenance of the peace of Europe. Penetrated with these truths, the Sovereigns have, by common accord, adopted the firm resolution of directing their united forces, forithe purpose of destroying the present state of affairs in the kusgdbm of Naples, as being destitute of all legitimate basis, and brought about solely by rebellion and by violence ; and to . place the King in such a situation t hat he rosy be enabled to decide upon a future Constitution for his States, in a mode that may be in harmony with the true and stable interest of his people, and with the tranquillity of neighbouring countries. " At the same time, the High Monarchs, animated by the most lively desire not to proceed to extreme measures, except in the event of their becoming indispensible, wish to omit nothing that may tend to contribute to their pacific and con ciliatory object; and they have therefore weighed, with the greatest care, the means which present themselves. After mature deliberation, they have determined to take at , Naples and with the King himself, a step which appears eminently proper to remove, on the one hand, all doubt as to the real sentiments and views of the Allied Powers. (if any can still exist in the minds cf rational men,) and, in the other, to save under the mediation of their benevolent King, the great ma jority of the Neapolitan nation, who wish for nothing lieat tran quillity and order, from the oppression which weighs upon them, and from all the etils with whiefi they are still menaced, and to secure also the repose of the rest of Italy. In consequence, the Emperor of Austria, the Emperor of Russia, and the King of Prussia wrote, on the 20th of Novetn ber last, to the King of Naples, a letter from each- in the same terms. [This letter we have already published " Shortly before the arrival of this letter at Naples, the King received a letter from the King of France, persuading him to accept the invitation of the Allied Powers. The Holy Father also addressed to him another of his own /DO lion, and written in the same sense. • " Some days afterwards his Neapolitan Majesty wrote the following letter to each of the three Allied Sovereigns. " SIR, MY BROTHER, AND DEAR COUSIN, " If under present circumstances niy heart could be still open to impressions of joy, it would doubtless hare been at the moment of my receiving the letter of your Imperial Majesty, dated from Troppan, .and those of the Allied Monarchs as sembled there. I have been affected beyond all expression by the greatness of soul which directs all your measures for the welfare of the nations of Europe, and by the sincere particular interest of which I hare had frequent proofs, which you take in my perion, and in the people whom Providence has confid ed to my care, and whose happiness, repose, and welfare are the objects of all my efforts. After this frank expression of my sentiments your Majesty may easily conceive with what deep gratitude I bare received the invitation which you hare addressed to me, as well as the Emperor of Russia, and the King of Prussia, to take part in the deliberations of the Congress of Laybach, which has only for its object to confirm the object of the holiest,of alliances. I see in this invitation a new mercy of Providence, which opens to me a tray for labouring with my illustrious Allies in a work that will render their names dear to the remotest posterity, and of sharing some part of the glory which awaits them. Your Imperial Majesty will not doubt my eagerness to accept such an invitation, and utfde partnre.will be as speedy as circumstances may permit. " It will he a particular consol?tion to me to see again your .Imperial Majesty, and to become personally acquainted with the Emperor Alexander and the King of Prussia, to owe also to your wisdom and kindness the peace of my country ; and my most agreeable occupation will be to divide, with all the members of my family, those sentiments of gratitude with which say heart is penetrated. Accept, &c. "Naples, Dec. 11, 1840. " FERDINAND." SPANISH PAPERS. MADRID, Dec. 27.—This night many of the inhabitants of this city were assembled in the Fonda de la Cruz de Malta, where a patriotic club daily meet, and great discontent was ob 'served in consequence of their being desired to quit the galleries, by order of the Magistrates.— The fermentation continued to increase, when, at . 6 o'clock, some notices of the following tenor were fixed up to the pillars of the Hall :- 44 The Marquis of CERRABO and ALmAttAcA, Superior Political Chief of the province of Ma drid :—I do hereby give notice that by Article 2, of the law of the Bth of November last, re specting Patriotic Societies, it is enacted, 4 that those individuals who desire to hold periodical meetings in any public place, to discuss political subjects, and for the purpose of mutual informa tion, may do so with the previous knowledge of the superior local authority, which is responsible for all abuses, taking for the purpose the measures I ■ vrhift it may dCoth proper, net excepting the: suppression of the meeting.' Those of this kind which have subsisted in this capital, have not . confined themselves to a strict observance of the law, nor have they taken care to avoid the disor ders which have taken place in them : I there -fore order, that after this date>.ene.public meet ings which exist without, my toowledge : shall .ease; 'whicl‘is hereby Atikol:nced to the public -for its informatioi4 aild that no one may plead ignorance. (Signed) " The Political Chit( of the Province of Madrid, the Marquis de CARRABO; # " Madrid, Dec. 27, 1821." The reading of this raised the, irritation of the )ersons present to its height, and in consequence t was resolved to repair to the Political Chief, and request his permission to assemble. While many Citizens were gone for this purpose, others got upon the tables and endeavoured to restrain the public effervescence. After some time had elapsed, those who had been to wait on the Political Chief return ed, and stated that the order was founded on their having neglected the formation of asking his con sent. In consequence the tribune was ordere,d to he placed, NVldch was done in the presence of the Constitutional A lcade ; who had arrived in the in terval. One of the orators had before read an A • dress made by the Common Council of Lando to his Britannic Majesty, soliciting therernoVai of the Mini tors, and which he courred to anotiwr which had been read on a preceding night in tho same club, soliciting the removal of our Ministers , Many of the persons present desired to acid their signatures to the great number already anne:;e4 to this Address, a desire which all repeated with ' an enthusiasm, difficult to be described, ur g io; the orator to present it. At eight o'clock, Meeting still continued, the final result of which we shall give to-morrow. It appears that Gen. Alava is hindered ; by hi infirm state of health, from accepting of Spanish Minister Plenipotentiaryatotbe Freno Court. It is said that the ,General is disl)dse to go to Malaga, the mild air of which will b more favourable to him than the severe clifnate o'! Vittoria. VALLADOLID, DEC. 24.—The late unpleaga,At events at Zamora have had no farther cowl", quence, by the vigilance of th e Political Chi?' and the other Authorities, whose admirabitt sunk:es to disconcert all criminal inantruvre3. ORENSE, DEC. 21,—A few days 0-ince the Su' baltern Political Chief was informed of an alario towards the frontiers of Portugal, for which rea' son trdops went from this place to reconnoitr e the whole neighbourhood ; they, returned ye'' terday with fourteen prisoners, among whe o are one of t%to Ecclesiastics,' whose 'deciara - tiotis do not throw any light on the affair.---' To-night it is affirmed that advice has bee'', received of the arrest of the chief leader (1! the commotion, whiChi it is hoped; will be of 1 1° little importance.- This leader, it. seems, calls biol . self Baron de Santizoance, who, it is said, h a ', formed the project to make himself master of tbi' city, with some people whom he had in his paP e and fall upon all the respectable personS. arrest of this robber, who figured .likewise in ill 1 affairs at Tuy, has tranquillized the inhabitant". F, the hest informed am ong w h om appear t o a ttaCti some importance to these etents. DECa 18.—We learn by 1(4(cl-5.11 0 ' 1i Mogadore, that the Emperor has permitted eNportation of wool and oil, and much ditninishe' the export duties on other articles. PRICE a F sTocKs VELVE ' Imp. 3 per I:#!tit. A oti.. • • ,65/ India Bonds .... 325. 335. South Sea Sloth ........ Ez. Bills, 2d. • 5 4 311 Coos. for Qpeoing •• l Tills DAY AT T 3 per Cent. Red 7oi 70 3 1 er Cent. Cons. 31 per Cent. 79 791 4 per Cents. 5 per Cent. Navy Ann 1041 104 IN BRIDGE TO-M010.0‘1%, 1 Evening, :it nimiltts a_ 11.2 ...jf HIGH WATER:AT LONIX). Nriirninz, 5 minutes after A THE SUN. SOLEM QUIS DICERS FALSUM AUDEAI: LONDON,'. FRIDAY, JANUARY 12, 1821. Judging from an article dated T . ropPa") ,tb6 i 23d ult., which app e a re d i n Th e A us trian server of the 27th, it seems probable that affairs of Naples will be settled by the iuterl' sition of the Austrian Army. We have insert the article this day. By the manner too in s".. e the Neapolitan Revolution is described in. ° same article, viz. as effected by fanatical c abP and soldiers forgetful of their duty, and tl i° arbitrary and anarchical system alleged as the result, it appears evident that, now the J of NAPLES is removed from all danger, h o stiliti e 5 will soon take place. Et is not reasonable t(1 o suppose that the Empero r o f AnSTRIA 1 have made such vast military preparations) r less for the purpose of effectual operation. can : it be supposed that The Austrian Obser lS o ` . would have given such a d escr i p ti on o f the orig i , i of the Revolution, unless with the full sanction „ the Government. We rnay, therefore, ex ec n, to hear shortly of some signal contest bet' the Austrian Army and the Neapolitan ReV i tionists, unless, as will probably be the 05 0 e( the latter shall sub m it, f rom th e i m possibilitf an effectual resistance. • A Lisbon Mail has arrived, from which , have extracted an important Manifesto, addrf ic il ed to the Soverei gns an d P eop l e o f E ur ope, vii` t y gives, at consid era bl e l eng th, a s t a t eme nt of h e causes which led to the late Revolution. National Congr e ss of Portugal was installea,,, Lisbon on the 19th of December, and the cc V 4 mony lasted till one o'clock the foliose' mormng.