The Sun. — London, England, 1844-01-04 00:00:00

ettrlt %baton TIIE FUNDS-(CLOSING PRICES.) BRITISH FUNDS. B trik Stock I3 India Stock ......... ... .. —pm 3 nor Cent. Red. 3 Ike/ Cent. Cons. 3j, per Cent. Red... 1 0 2 1 4 .Ditto New Annuities... .141ew 3i per Cent.... Ex. Bills, 1,0001. lid. 67 orn N. 6 per Cen'.. — I Ditto 600/...... 67 pin Long Annuities to expire Ditto Small Jan. 1860 ... l ', 11-16 Bank Stock for Acct. 186 4 .ix t. 1859 Jan. 1860 ... FOREIGN FUNDS. kustAan, 5 per cent , Portuguese, 5 per cent. Belgian. 5 per cent — Ditto, New Ditto — Brazilian 80nd5.... ...... 73,1 Prussian, 5 per cent — Blenos Ayres6 per cent Russian. 5 per cent — Claim, 6 per cent. — Ditto, Nletallic ...... . Col:mil/len, 6 per cent... 11* Spanish, 5 per cent 214 Ditto 1824 Ditto, 3 per cent... SO* Calm Bonds, 6 per cent l l l, Ditto, Deferred.... .. 12 Danish, 3 per tent — French, 5 per cent. —f. —e. Greek, 1825, 5 per cent. Exchange ...... .... —f. —c. 11Iexican, 5 per cent. Ditto, 6 per cent. 1837 : Dutch, 2* per cent. 54* Peruvian, 1825,6 per ct. Ditto, 5 per cent.... 100* SHARES. Bristol :.nd Exeter (70 paid) ~. ...... ... .. 66& Eastern Counties (23 paid) ll Ditto Debentures (81 6s Ed paid) Great Western (65 paid) ... 97 London and Brighton (50 pa d) . . Ditto Loan Notes (10 paid ) ... . London and Blackwell (161 13s 4d paid) .. bi London and South Western (4116 s 10d pd) 74 London and Croydon Railway (Trunk) ... 141 Manchester and Leeds (70 paid) ..... Ditto Quarter Shams ( 2 paid) 8 Newcastle and Darlington Junction(ls paid` 2E4 Northern and Eastern (45 paid) Ditto Scrip (15 paid) ... 22* Paris and Orleans (20 paid) Paris and Rouen (20 paid) .. . .•. 34 ltouen and Havre ( 6 paid) South Eastern and Dover (50 paid) Ditto Scrip (25 paid) Yarmouth and Norwiah (13 paid)..... ... SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF THIS DAY. GLOBE.—Some men are born to fame ; others gradually work their way upward from obscurity to distinction ; a few burst upon the astonished vision of their contemporaries, and become the " observed of all observers." Mr. Alderman-Churchwarden Gibbs is of the latter class. The fame of this worshipful and worthy civic. functionary has travelled far and wide. The press has largely chronicled his feats. Punch has burlesqued his punctuality, skill, and fidelity, as a keeper of cash-accounts pertaining to public busine,s. The Court of Chancery will shortly record, if it do not confirm, his claims to the unlimited and enduring respect and confi dence of the citizens of London, and exhibit him as the model after which all public officers should endeavour to form their habits. These, it is true, are perishable records—memorials which may be obliterated from the public mind by the action of passing events upon it ; and thus injustice be done to the now acknowledged merits of Mr. Alderman-Churchwarden Gibbs. The Rev. Dr. Croly, the Rector of St. Ste phen's, Walbrook, the parish of which the Alderman is Churchwarden, has prevented the occurrence of an event so much to be deprecated. The waters of Lethe would be inoperative in pro ..lucing obliviousness of Alderman-Churchwarden Gibbs' name and achievements. Dr. Croly has secured to this distinguished character immor tality among mortals. The man may die—the memory of the functionary will survive the tomb. tor. Croly has rendered a monument unneces sary- ; or, if the customary marble record of the living merits be• placed over his remains, the most appropriate inscription would be in extracts from the speech of the Reverend Doctor at the vestry meeting of yesterday. The mira culous achievement of " the select"—wrought iu the presence of Dr. Croly, lon the ‘22d ult. when they did the work of weeks in a few aninutes—is hit off with a felicity of description - truly graphic. The precautions taken against interruption, by planting police-officers at the church doors, and the Alderman's "foolish son John " at the inner door, which was also locked against intruders ; while the self-chosen and ap proved select assembled in the vestry-room, with- the sextoness standing without, her back to and in contact with the locked door, to defend the sanctorum of the self-con stituted body—the difficulties which the Rev Doctor encountered and surmounted in gaining entrance to this scene of parochial hocus pocus— the endeavours he used to convince the Wal brook Magi of the inutility of the performance in which they were engaged—the rapid progress I! of the proceedings — and - their gratifying result to Mr. Alderman-Churchwarden Gibbs—all these are sketched by the hand of a master. They constitute but the back-ground of the picture — the mere attendants on the chief personage; and are introduced to give effect to the piece. A full length figure of the hero is exhibited—paintedin a style of art which, for the fidelity of the likeness, commands, and will obtain, general admiration. The Rev. Doctor supplies a companion-picture to that already given of Alderman Gibbs, in the character of Trustee of St. George the Martyr Apprenticeship legacy. The guinea legacy left by some pious parishioner of days long since joined to the yearsbefore the flood, to be paid to the Minister of St. Stephen's for preaching a sermon on Good Friday, had passed into Alder man Gibbs' keeping, as perpetual churchwarden ; whence, with considerable difficulty, it was extricated, and the arrears of eight years— the whole period of Dr. Croly's incumbency —paid. Whether Doctor Croly's predeces sor was equally successful in obtaining the pious legacy may be doubted. Alderman-Church warden Gibbs' eighteen years' unaudited aecounts with the parish, when printed and published, will probably give a satisfactory explanation of this, and many other parochial mysteries, which have been long concealed, but will be then made manifest. Alluding to the worthy functionary's skill in keeping the parishioners out of their church, Dr. Croly, by a flight of genius, assumes that Alderman Gibbs ;vould make an excellent Governor of Newgate. His arrange ments tbr keeping the prisoners in gaol would, it is thought, be as effectual as those employed for keeping the parishioners out of church : " He would make a capital Governor of New gate, with the wards as a provision for the minor branches of his family and, perhaps, the Trea surership of the Sheriffs' Fund (1) to complete -the recreations of his cell." The following allu f;ions are too plain to be mistaken, and too admonitory to the body to which they are addressed to fail of their effect :—" It is no matter to me if tine livery of London will harness themselves to his chariottor his sledge— if the Corporation hold out to him their embrace, shape themselves into a select vestry, and make him their perpetual churchwarden—(Laughter) —if the Board of Aldermen take him into their boat, and take their chance of the navigation— (Cheers) —if the Mansion-house feel the weight of his footsteps, and placo him in its tribunal— (Cheers and laughter)— l care not. But when I am told, ' %Ity trouble yourself about so unim portant a personage ?' the true answer is, that he *s not an unimportant personage." We have said that Dr. Croly by his speech of yesterday has immortalised Mr. Alderman Gibbs. He has done so ; but in a style which has effectually barred his way to the attainment of higher civic distinction. After such an exhibition of Mr. Alderman Gibbs as Dr. Croly has supplied, the Livery of London would be as likely to return to the Court of Aldermen, as a fit and proper person to fill the office of Lord Mayor for the , nsuing year, one who had been a " surveyor of he pavements," as the Alderman who now stands .1s xt upon the list. The thing is impossible. STANDARD. —The Times has to-day an lrticle upon the state and prospects of manu factures, with most of the propositions of vhich, as well as with its general conclusion, we entirely agree. It is quite true, as our Con temporary asserts, that " e mployment in the great manufacturing business of this country is be comir, more the staple employment of her people, and the prosperity of her manufacture more and more the staple prosperity of the empire." No less true, and much more gratifying, is it that at present " the return of the state of manufactures is not simply favourable but highly encouraging." From these truths many useful and important inferences may be drawn. First, that the pur suit which thus advances in absorbing the employment of the capital of the country — for without absorbing the capital it cannot engross the employment—has certainly suf fered no undue depression under the exist ing state of the law ; secondly, we must add with pain, that this progress of manufac tures is not necessarily accompanied by any imprOvement of the labouring classes, either as its cause or its consequence. Indeed, we see enough to demonstrate that even an infi nite increase of manufitctures would not and could not permanently improve the condition of thO'se classes ; it would merely lead to larger investments of ca p ital, and fiercer com petition among capitalists ; while the wages and condition of the labourer must remain the same, or, if possible, suffer a depression. from the influence of competition—for the profits of capital must be retie:net!. whoever is to lie the sufferer. One can imagine the case of a society, composed of a single employer, and a population of slaves, employed in manufactures; what would the population ( of slaves gain by any E SUN, LONDON , THURSDAY El ENING, JANUARY 4, 1844 ' is not purely decorative is composed of the stone termed in geology "magnesian limestone," which prevails extensively in the country, as one of the lower members of the new red sandstone forma tion. The mineralogical character of this stone is that of a silicious grit, united by a highly chrystalline calcareous cement. Its texture is firm and tough, the particles being closely ag gregated arid finely wedged together, so that there is every probability that it will effectually resist the variable action of the atmosphere. It is procured in large quantities from quarries at Bolsover Moor, in Derbyshire, and Huddlestone and Anstone, in Yorkshire. When moist from the quarry this stone is of a yellowish brown colour, and works well under the tool of the mason. When dry, however, its colour is much more delicate, and it acquires an additional hard ness. Some of the very ornamental parts of the work are composed of the Bath oolite, procured from Painswick and other places in the neighbourhood of Bath. The stone, though differing considerably from the magnesian limestone in a mineralogical character, having less adhesion amongst its parti cles, and consequently less toughness, appears well adapted for elaborate decorations, in consequence of its fine and uniform grain, beauty of surface, and the readiness with which it may ba worked. The limestone, however, appears to be much more extensively employed, even for decorative purposes, than the Bath stone, which inwas once so great a favourite, and, Judg from g t h e present sound appearance of every block to be seen upon the works, there is every reason to suppose that the test of time will amply justify the high recommendations bestowed upon it by Sir IL De la Beetle and the other Commissioners appointed to select the stone for this great national edifice. THE SOUTHERN COAST OF THE BLACK SEA. TREBIZONDE, SErr. 11.—Trebizonde, besides being the port of Erzeroum, Tabriz, and Teheran, has become the chief entrepot between Central Asia and Europe, and it is not difficult to perceive that from its geogra phical position It must henceforward maintain this im portant character. Access to Central Asia from the eastern coast of the Black Sea is precluded by the towering range of the Caucasus, as from Syria it is ren dered inconvenient by the desert that fills up the great triangle formed by the Euphrates, the Mediterranean, and Arabia. The interval between these two approaches is occupied by the peninsula of Asia Minor, and hence the rise of Smyrna when the navigation of the Black Sea was prohibited, and caravans traversed the length of the country from east to west ; but now that restrictions on Euxine navigation are remo ved, Trebizonde, on the northern and extreme neck of the peninsula, affords such convenient access as to monopolize the intercourse with Europe. Its importance is shared only by Aleppo, which supplies the southern litoral of its own continent. The last year's transit trade through Trebizonde in English manufactures, when unusual obstacles existed, was 28,000 bales ; of Belgian cloth, 4,600 bales. The gross exports in transit to Constantinople were in value only a little above 300,00 a, while the total imports were over 1,200,000/. The last item includes the Russian trade to Georgia, chiefly in English beer and spices (3,400/.), and grain from the Danube and Russian ports for the consumption of the pachalic (32,000/.) The district of Janik, extending over 240 miles of coast, of which Samsoon is the chief town, may be cited as an example of the state of administration in this por tion of Turkey. Janik is to this coast w hat the Banat is to Transylvania—widely extending plains, of strong and rich soil, are diversified by mountainous features peculiar to the rest of the pachalic. More than one third of this district has become the private property of the Hasnadar family , w ho for thirty years have con ducted its administration. Its chief productions are hemp, linseed, tobacco, and silk. The hemp, of which about 25,000 quintals were raised lastyear, is not allowed to be exported. This article is subject to a levy of 7,000 quintals annually, free of charge, after which the remaining crop is appraised and purchased by the Pacha for the use of Government. To make up the Govern ment quota of hemp every individual is taxed propor tionably, and those who do not grow their share pay a commensurate value in money. Little could be said against this imposition, did it, as at its institution, exempt from military service ; but it appears singularly unjust, since the privilege it once conferred on this agricultural population has been forgotten. The con scription is now as rigorously enforced in Janik as else. where, and recruits for the Redif are fre q uently seen chained by the neck in companies of 100, who have their irons knocked off only at the moment of embarcation. About 30,000 bales of tobacco are yearly raised in Janik. The duty is farmed by the Pacha from the Porte. Last year the Porte disposed of the duty for 125,000 piasters, when subsequently the Pacha resold his right at a profit of 160,000 piasters more. After this duty, which is on the green produce, there are additional custom-house duties on exportation. Silk. which might be extensively broug ht forward, is burdened with internal duties on the raw produce to the amount of 23 per cent. ; but, even under present restrictions, is slowly improving both in quality and in the manner of reeling. Besides these and other taxes on produce, there is the Saliahn, an irregular exaction of 100 piasters on each male adult, occurring three times or more in the course of the year ; and another most oppressive griev ance—the felling and preparing of timber without charge according to the demand from the arsenal at Stamboul. So much for administration in Janik, the kernel of the rich pachalic of Trebizonde. I shall next illustrate a few traits in the character of its governor. A few months since some Austrian leech merchants purchased a firman conferring on them a monopoly for the fishing of leeches in Janik during a single season. 70,000 piasters were paid to the Porte for this privilege. When the firman was shown to the Pacha of Samsoon, that functionary at once informed the merchants that un less they consented to other terms, he could promise that their speculation would be a losing one ; and thereon proposed that the merchants should sell their firman to him, and that he (the Pacha) would then undertake to furnish leeches at the ordinary price paid to the peasant collectors, namely, 20 piasters for each oke. The Pacha then offered 5,000 piasters for the firman that a week before had cost the merchants 70,000 piasters, and the merchants knowing that otherwise they ran a risk of losing their whole outlay, accepted the Pacha's terms. The Pacha thereon soon fulfilled his promise as to the large supply of leeches he could obtain—his stock amounting in a few months to 5,000 okes, which he sold to the merchants at 20 piastres the oke, as agreed upon. He obtained this supply by compelling the peasantry of the leech district to furnish, on pain of fine, a certain amount of leeches weekly, and for which he paid at the rate of 2/ piastres the oke. By this manceuvre he pocketed exactly 395,000 piastres, which otherwise would have been shared between the speculators and the pea sant collectors. For the truth of this nefarious story I can personally vouch, and there are others of equally recent date and oppressive character which could be au thenticated. And why, it may be asked, do not those Austrian merchants complain in such an instance to the Porte? Yes; and in the course of their business go next year to Janik and have their trade ruined by the same Pacha or his successor ! I agree with such sufferers, that whosoever's duty it may be to oppose such an abuse, it does not fall on them individually when at the expense of their interest. What I have said of Janik applies in general to admi nistration throughout the other portions of the coast. These frontiers were not included in the enactments of Gulhane, nor is it probable they ever will be. Arbitrary government, therefore, and the old system of imposi tions, are everywhere in force, and monopolies, although nominally abolished, still virtually exist in the hands of the Pachas ; while the produce, as regards foreign ex portation, is additionally burdened with the compensa tion duties of the European treaties. Corruption and force are the prevailing features of the local administra tion. The internal taxes of the Porte are mostly farmed and paid in advance by the Pachas, who are afterwards left to exercise an unlimited exaction over the people. As a natural consequence of the above state of things, the head Government suffer in their pecuniary interests equally with the general mass of the population. In demnity is sought from the griping measures of the Pachas by evading the external duties that remain in the hands of the Porte. In such instances, Russia, by the conduct of her local agents and the nature of her treaty, suffers herself to be the instrument by which this further demoralization is effected. The article of wax, for in stance, of which the Pachalic furnishes about 20,000 okes annually, being supplied alike from the Russian shore, exporters purchase certificates at the Georgian stations, declaring that the wax is Russian produce, and so pass it at the Stamboul Custom-house at 3 per cent., avoiding also the internal duty. The payment of the 3 per cent. is all that can happen in such an instance, but by the perfected system of underhand compromise car ried on by Russian agents at the chief Custom-house, it is seldom but they can compromise the matter for less. Notification certificates—an it mahaber—are intended to guard against such fraud (the certificate is necessary previous to exportation, and has to be returned within a certain period, endorsed from the head Custom-house, stating that the internal duties were paid on the articles specified) ; but, however effectual this check may be to the subjects of other Powers, it is none to the Russian, or the native who relies on his assistance. Although the different branches of this subject would admit of considerable enlargement, I believe it will be needless to say more to prove my assertion as to the degree of existing mal-administration. It affects a divi sion of the empire regarding . which but little is known, yet where more than usual interest should be attached, as well from its relative position as the energies it is still capable of receiving, and the increased importance the locality has acquired from commercial events.—Times y to NEW HOUSES OF PARLIAMEN' , As the meeting of Parliament is now near a hand, the public will naturally look for some ac count of the new houses in which the future des tinies of the country are to be discussed. The present aspect of the works affords, it is true, no indication of the time when their com pletion may be expected, but from the great ac tivity which prevails in every department, and from the present state of the shell or extensive walls of the building, it may be inferred that about one-half of the entire work, preparatory to the interior fittings and decorations, has been com pleted. The whole river front now assumes an imposing appearance, being carried up uniformly to the height of two full stories above the basement of the building. The whole length of this exten sive front is embollished by innumeral heraldic ornaments, niches, figures, royal ciphers, scrolls, and by the richest mouldings and tracery of the most floric style which distinguishes the Gothic architecture. Considerable progress has lately been made with the north and south extremities of the building, where it is intended to erect the Victoria and clock towers. These, extremities, which ex tend at right angles to the river front, have been carried up to about the same height as the river front itself. In general terms, therefore, it may be said, that the whole exterior shell of the building, comprising the river front and the wings at each end, are completed to the height of two stories, or about 50 feet above the surface of the ground. The space comprised between the two wings, and bounded by the main range of building, will be occupied by numerous courts and cross ranges of building, to be appropriated as the dwelling-houses and office of the officials connected with the establishment. This portion of the work is considerably in arrear of the main part of the building, being built to a height not generally exceeding 14 or 16 feet. With regard to the execution of the work, the most superficial observer must be struck with the regularity and precision which pervade its mast minute portions. Although the whole establishment of labour, capital, and machinery can only be looked upon as temporary, yet the combination and division of labour are here pushed to as high perfection as in those enduring establishments of manufacturing industry which have excited the wondering admiration of the world. The mechanical arts minister here in a . thousand ways which ten years ago were quite unthought of; iron railroads, of excellent construction, laid not only on the ground, but high up in the air, serve for the easy conveyance of stone, mortar, bricks, and other materials to all parts of the building. Powerful machines, termed " travelling cranes," with nu merous wheels for multiplying power, traverse these railroads, carrying, suspended from their huge frames, large stones, often weighing many tons, and the stones, when lowered from these cranes, are carried off in trucks to the inmost parts of the complicated building. Each stone bears upon it some distinguishing mark to indi cate the allotted place in the structure, so that no confusion arises in the disposal of them. The proximity of the building to the river affords unusual facilities for the delivery of the lime, sand, stone, and other materials, and nu merous barges, containing these stores, are con stantly being discharged of their cargoes at the long embankment in front of the building. The space between the river and the front of the building affords a convenient depot for the stones, &c., thus brought to the work. Nearer still to the building a long range of covered sheds extends the whole length ; here great numbers of masons are employed in dressing and fa shioning the stones into the immense variety of forms required by the peculiarly rich and decorative style of architecture which has been adopted. About twenty feet above the ground, where the stones are thus prepared, is erected a railroad for the trauelling cranes to work upon, and by their means the stones are placed upon the trucks, and are thus conveyed upon cross-railroads to their ultimate destination. The mode of dressing the stones deserves par ticular notice, being highly interesting, and a considerable improvement upon the old practice. When intricate forms had to be cut out in stone work, it was usual to construct what were called " wooden templets" or moulds, which were made of several pieces, and which the mason in working the stone applied to the va rious planes or faces in order to fashion it to the required form. These figures are now cut out of sheet zinc, on which they rre first drawn with geometrical accuracy. These zinc plates, representing innumerable varieties of devieed mouldings, are laid upo& the stones, when the figures are traced out, and the stone cut awa: the exact form of the zinc pattern. The tools employed by the masons, some o, them rivalling in delicacy and finish the imple ments of the sculptor; the machinery invented by Dr. Spurgin for raising mortar, bricks, &c., to the upper stories ; the application of hoop iron to produce a " bond" in those walls which are composed of brickwork ; the iron " gird ers " for supporting the floors, so as to render the building fire-proof; by dispensing with the use of inflammable substances; the pecu liarly scientific scaffolding, so widely different from the common method of scaffolding, by poles and ropes; and a variety of other ingenious ap pliances, are scarcely less calculated to excite admiration, than the concentration of genius and artistical skill displayed by the architect himself in designing the structure. All the principal part of the building which MORTALITY AMONGST CHILDREN.—MeasIes, ac companied with inflammatory symptoms of a very severe cha racter, are very prevalent amongst children in the crowded dis trict between Great Coram-street and Russell-square. This contains many close and confined courts and ill-ventilated houses, and severe fatal cases have occurred within the last few days. In the neighbourhood of Battle-bridge and the Fever Hospital, and particularly in the close and ill-drained districts adjacent to Maiden-lane, cases of confluent small-pox have been very common the last few days, many of which have proved fatal. On Tuesday night last, Sir Walter Riddell, Bart., was returning to his residence at the Palace, Maidstone, when, on passing the mill-head of Messrs. Mercer and Parton's mills, the Hon. Baronet met a man and woman, and immediat afterwards heard a splash in the water and a cry of distress. Sir Walter hastened to the spot, and seeing something on the surface of the water, which is at this spot about aix feet deep, and runs with a rapid current under the mill, without hesitation he plunged in with all his clothes on, and succeeded in saving from a wateryrave the woman whom he bad passed just bef ore. Maida tone j ournal. LAW INTELLIGENCE. INSOLVENT DEBTORS' COURT, Jan. 2. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. (YESTERDAY.) MANSION-HOUSE. Several omnibus drivers and conductors were summoned for having loitered on their way through various parts of the City. In one case the defendant was charged with having loitered before an Ealing omnibus, while another omnibus was follow ing for the purpose, as was evident to all, of preventing the Ealing vehicle from obtaining a fair share of passengers. It was stated that the driver of the omnibus which the others were endeavouring to injure, was a well.conducted respectable person, who was obedient to the directions of the ofilcers Sp , pointed to superintend the arrangements of the streets. Sir GEORGE. CARROLL, on inflicting the full penalties upon this defendant, said that in adjudicating in that manner, he carried out the intentions of the Lord Mayor, particularly as the defendant had joined with another in the endeavour to prevent the Ealing driver from gaining . bread for his family. He also stated that upon any occasion in which such suspicions were proved, he should take care to act with two-fold severity to the offending parties, and he directed the police to observe the con duct of all persons who engaged in such unfair courses with pe culiar strictness, and to report them punctually. The defendant asked what would be the consequence if he refused to pay? Sir GEORGE CARROLL—Ono month's imprisonment in Bridewell. --•- IN RI JOHN CAIITDELL. This case had been partly heard on a former day, when the insolvent was opposed by Mr. Cooke, and the hearing adjourned to produce a person named Langdon, who held a bill of sale of all the insolvent's property, which had been executed in July, 1842. That person had allowed the property to remain in the insolvent's possession up to the present time, the bill of sale being in possession of an individual who resided in his house. Mr Langdon having refused to give up this document, Mr. Cooke intimated that, under the Ist and 2d Vic. c. 110, sec. 61, the bill of sale was valueless, it being enacted that un less the goods were sold before the insolvent went to prison, they belonged to the assignee. Mr. Langdon said he could not help that, as the circum stances now stood. Mr. Cooke said the assignees were determined to bring an action against Mr. Langdon, to try the merits of the case. The insolvent was eventually ordered to be discharged. WINTER ASSIZES. WESTERN CHICUIT. Chester, Jun. 2. Twig MonssorarEs.—Jonathan Pogniore (44), and Dios. Cartwright (28), were indicted, the former for having, in the township of Monks Coppenhall, on the 23d November last, seized Sarah Cartwright by the neck, and feloniously, wilfully, and negligently cast her into a certain brook, in which she was choked and drowned ; and the other prisoner, Thomas Cart wright, was charged with aiding and assisting in the said man slaughter. The Attorney-General, and Messrs. L. Trafford and Towns bend, appeared for the prosecution, and Mr. Temple for the prisoner. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL said the two prisoners at the bar were charged with manslaughter, by killing and slaying a person of the name of Sarah Cartwright by negligence. This was rather a notorious case, and would require the best at tention of the jury. It appeared that the prisoners were what were generally called " Latter-day Saints," a sec t o f religionists in the neighbourhood of the railway station at Crew. The deceased was the wife of the prisoner Cartwright ; and one of the tenets of the sect was is baptise those per sons who joined their body. The person for whose death the prisoners were upon their trial, was persuaded by them to be baptized, and the place where the baptism was to be per formed was at a brook called Coppenhall Brook, about a quarter of a mile from the residence of the prisoners. Pog more and Cartwright accompanied the woman, who went volun tarily into the brook, when Pogmore immersed her in the , brook once or twice. She struggled and got loose from him, and was drowned. The brook was much swollen at the time, and the question was, whether the death of the woman was owing to a want of ordinary caution on the part of the pri soners. The Learned Gentleman was then about to call his witnesses, when it was found that not one was present whose evidence was of the slightest use in the case ; neither was the attorney in Court. The Court waited some time, and his Lordship asked the name of the attorney in the case. Mr. Lowe, the attorney (of Nantwich), was called frequently, but he did not answer. After waiting some time his Lordship said he would not wait ; the case must proceed in the usual course. It was well known that the case was to come on this morning. The Attorney-General then called the following witnesses:— Michael Kinty, a police constable, said, that on the morning after the death of the woman, Pogmore showed him the place where they went into the brook. When the water was low, it was two or three to four yards broad, and not more than a foot and a half or two feet deep in ordinary times. Upon this occa sion there were seven feet of water in depth, and it appeared that the water had been nine feet deep. James Moore was next called, but did not answer. After some time, the following witnesses came into Court : George Bazely—l live at Crewe, in the parish of Alonks Cop penhall. I went on the morning after this occurrence to search for the body of the deceased. The brook is about three quar ters of a mile from the railway. I found the water swollen, and the body was amongst some trees on the bank of the brook. There was only a flannel singlet on the body. I assisted in carrying the body home. Cross-examined by Mr. Temples—l never saw the river Jor dan nor any of the waters mentioned in Scripture. The brook is in a retired valley. Lucy Massey—l am a dressmaker at Monks Coppenhall. I kaew the deceased, Sarah Cartwright. She was about 30 years of age. I saw her on Thursday, the 23d of November. She said something to me.—(Mr. Temple objected to the witness stating what took place. )—lt was about one o'clock when I spoke to her. She was quite well then. I saw the body the next day. It was the body of the wife of the prisoner Cartwright. Ann Peace was called, but she could prove nothing material. James Moore was next called, but not appearing, he was called upon his recognizance'. William Robinson, Mary Ann Moore, and George Slater, were also called upon their recognizances. Mr. Lowe, the prosecuting attorney, at length came to Court, but he did not explain the reason why either he or the witnesses had not been attendance. His Loansnir said he would not suffer the public time to be wasted in this scandalous manner, and he ordered the recog nisances of all the witnesses who had not appeared to be entreated. Mr. Temple submitted that the prisoners must be acquitted. The JUDGE—Yes. But there i s a great failure of justice in this case. I shall not allow the costs of the prosecution. The jury, under the direction of his Lordship, acquitted both the prisoners. Mr. Temple said he heard his Learned Friend, the At torney-General, talking about the coroner's inquisition. He called upon his Learned Friend to proceed at once upon it, or to enter a nolle prosequi. Mr. Hill—l shall use my own discretion. The prisoners have not yet been arraigned upon the inquisition. The prisoners were then removed, and the Court proceeded to try a prisoner for a burglary. Robert Howe was indicted for a burglary at Staly, and found Guilty.—Sentence was deferred. The prisoners Pogmore and Cartwright were next arraigned upon the Coroner's inquisition, for the manslaughter of Sarah Cartwright. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL said he should not offer any evidence in the case. The Jo now, addressing the jury, said, no evidence was offered for the prosecution, and very properly. A bill had been found by the grand jury, and in consequence of the culpable neglect of the parties who ought to have attended en the part of the prosecution, they had been acquitted. He thought it would be too much to try them after having been acquitted. Addressing the prisoners, his Lordship said—With your peculiar tenets I have nothing to do. but it was most culpable and incautious on your part not to examine the state of the brook before you went in. Let the event which has happened, and the distress which I have no reason to doubt you both must feel, be a warning to you for the future to be more cautious. There were three witnesses who did attend. Let them have their expenses, but let no other person have expenses of any sort —The prisoners were then discharged. THE MURDER AT DEtamene.—This afternoon the Grand Jury brought in a true bill against Samuel Maddochs, for the murder of Matthias Bailey, gamekeeper to George Wilbraham, Esq., at Delamere, in August last, and ignored the bill against Jelin Maddocks, his brother. The defendant paid the fine and costs. Another omnibus driver was summoned for having, four different times, violated the law by crawling along Cheapside and other streets. The defendant made a great number of excuses, and per sisted in talking, although several times called upon to be silent. He was fined. We are requested to acknowledge the receipt of 51., by the Lord Mayor, for the Poor-box, signed " Ingleter," and 11,, the produce of a wager upon the result of the last election for the Mayoralty of the City of London. BOW-STREET. A well dressed your'g man, named George Smith, was charged with stealing a large cigar case, containing a quantity of cigars, from the counter of Mrs. Anna Maria Lyons, No. 2, Wellington-street, Strand. It appeared that, at one o'clock yesterday morning, F 4 observed the prisoner in Wellington-street, just above the pro secntrix's shop, stooping down over a cigar box, from the compartments of which he was filling his pockets with cigars. He could not give a satisfactory account of how he became pos sessed of the box, so he was taken into custody. Upon in quiry, it was found that the box had been stolen from the counter of the prosecutrix's shop the night before. The prisoner said he found the box lying in the street. He was committed for trial. . _ . Mr. Simpson, the landlord of the Albion Tavern, in Little Russell-street, teas summoned before Mr. Jardine for having his house open on Sunday night last for the sale of spirits. Inspector Logan proved that he went into the house on Christmas morning at a quarter past one o'clock, and saw several persons in the defendant's house drinking spirits. The defendant said it was impossible to clear his house in less time than half an hour. The theatres were not over till twelve o'clock, and he was placed in great difficulty, as he could not order them to go out. He frequently had 150 persons in his house to supper. Mr. JARDINE said it had been proved that spirits were sold in the house after twelve o'clock at night, and he should, there fore, fine the defendant in the full penalty of Si. and costs. The money was immediately paid. Mr. Robert Flagg, landlord of the Red Lion, Houghton street, St. Clemeht Danes, was fined Si. for a similar offence. The defendant expressed his determination of appealing against the decision of the Magistrate. CLERKENIVELL. John Trebble, lately discharged from the N division of po lice, was charged with stealing several publicans' pewter pots. The charges were fully proved against the prisoner, who wus fully committed for trial. By a strange coincidence the policeman whom the prisoner succeeded, and whose letter and number he bore, was tried and convicted for a similar larceny. Charles Alfred Freeman, a footman in the employment of Mr. Nay, a solicitor, residing at 14, Queen-square, was charged with attempting to violate the person of Frances Wilde, his fel low-servant, and threatening to murder her. The case, which was of an aggravated character, was fully es tablished, and the prisoner committed. John Green, alias Roon, was committed for trial, for a bur glary at the house of Mr. Jackson, a gentleman, residing in Charles-street, Clerkenwell. FIGHT amon g st the ABORIGINES. • (From the New Zealand Mercury.) On Tuesday last, a great number of the abori gines, amounting to more than 100 men, women, and children, passed through the town to Camp bell's Hill, for the purpose of holding a corro bevy. It was evident from their mariner that they were two hostile parties, and that one was somewhat suspicious of the other. They en camped at different places on the hill, near the old Black Swan, and held their corrobery during the night. One party consisted of the Mait land tribe, and a few of the Sugar Loaf, Wollombi, and Glendon tribes ; the other of the Port Stephen and Paterson tribes. About eight o'clock on Wednesday morning they com menced fighting in a paddock at the back of the Old Black Swan, and the Maitland tribe and their friends were driven by the others to a paddock near Mr. Pilcher's house. Here the Maitland tribe rallied, and the noise they made attracted the attention of several of the residents in the neighbourhood, vs ho repaired to the scene of action. The Maitland party had not less than six muskets amongst them, of which the Port Stephen blacks seemed to be much afraid. Mr. d. Prentice, who was on the ground, endeavoured to quiet them, or at all events to induce them to lay aside the fire-arms, and whilst he was talking to them, constables Tonge and Grant, who had been called upon by a half-caste female belonging to the Port Stephen tribe, came up. On seeing them, those blacks who had the muskets retreated into the bush, and hid them. The withdrawal of the muskets seemed to give fresh courage to the Port Stephen party, for they immediately raised their war cry, and sent a shower of spears arid boomerangs upon their opponents. The whites upon this declined to interfere, and left the na tives to settle their dispute according to their own fashion. The Maitland tribe and their friends stood their ground for a short time, and fuught with their spears and ‘vaddies, but they presently gave way, and retreated towards where the muskets were hid. They were OXFORD tlßCUlT.—Sta f ford, Jan. 2. (Before Mr. Baron RoLIFE.) HIGHWAY ROBBEILY.--. Thomas Ward and John Hodgkin son were charged With highway robbery on the person of Edw. Rowley. Mr. Allen conducted the case for the prosecution ; the prisoners were defende d by Mr. Woolrych. The prosecutor, an elderly man, whose answers to the ques tions put to him by the Learned Counsel occasioned consider able merriment in Court, stated that, as he was returning home from Abbot's Bromley, about half-past ten on the night of the 20th of September, he was suddenly attacked by the prisoners, who plundered him of his watch and some silver that he had about him ; and as his despoilers, whom he had known for ten years, were inhabitants of the same village where he resided, he lost no time in giving the alarm and procuring their apprehen sion. The prisoners had been absent from home during the whole of the night, and on e a rt hing Ward, two shillings were found secreted in one of his b. For the defence, it was urged that the prosecutor was in such a state of inebriation at the time in question as to render it im possible for him to speak with any degree of certainty to the prisoners' identity, and several witnesses were called to corro borate this view of the case. They failed, however, in con vincing the jury of the inaccuracy of the old man's statement, for they immediately returned a v erd i ct of Guilty. They were senten ced to be imprisoned and kept to hard labour for 15 calendar months. The remaining cases will be easily disposed of in the course of the day. CENTRAL CRIMIANL COURT. OLD COURT. (Before Mr. Justice Eitaxtwe.) John Clinch and Thornets Horne, two Kensington omnibus drivers, surrendered in Court, to answer a charge of feloniously killing and slaving William Knott. Mr. Adolphus prosecuted, and Messrs. Clarkson and Wilkins appeared for the prisoners respectively. The circumstances under which the charge was made were of rather a novel character. The indictment alleged that the defendants drove furiously and improperly past a certain dray, of which the deceased was the driver, and that in consequence of this furious driving the horses in the dray became terrified and started off, and threw down the deceased, the wheel of the dray going over him and inflicting injuries, of which he died. To support this charge several witnesses were called, but the testimony was of a conflicting character. It appeared that on the 9th November the dray, which was one of Messrs. Goding and Co.'s, was proceeding along the , Kenning. ton road towards London, the deceased, not being the regular driver, but having the horses placed in his charge by the driver, who was riding at the time in the dray. The prisoners, who w ere each driving an omnibus, came up to the dray near Kensington Church, and both of them attempted to pass the dray, one on the near, the t ie other on the off-side of that vehicle, and, according to the testimony of same of the witnesses, in consequence of the speed they were going at, the dray-horses were frightened, and started off, and the deceased, in attempting to stop their., was thrown down by the dray, and received the injury of which he died. The evi dence was not by any m eans c lear as to the precise manner in which the accident occurred; and the evidence as to the speed at which the prisoners were driving was very contradictory, some of the witnesses stati n g that they were galloping, and others, that they were going at a very moderate pace; and, so far as the prisoner Horne was concerned, it appeared pretty clear that ewes not driving fast at the time the accident happened. The case for the prosecution having closed, Mr. CLARKSON asked his Lordship whether he thoug ht there was any case to go to the jury against his client Horne ? Mr. Justice ERSKINE said the case certainly was very weak, but still he did not think he ought to withdraw it from the consideration of the jury. Mr. CLARKSON then a ddressed a few , observations to the jury on behalf of the prisoner for wham he appeared. Mr. WILKINS took some technical o bjections to the indict ment, but they were overruled by the Court. The Learned Counael addressed the jury for Clinch. He called Mr. Commissioner Bullock to speak to his character, and that gentleman said he had known him for se veral years as coachman to some ladies of his acquaintance, and he always bore a very good character. Mr. Justice Easirinit having summe d up,' the jury, after a short deliberation, returned a verdict of Not Guilty. The prisoners were ordered to be discharged. John Caffyn, 59, Maria Caffyn, with intent to do her grievous bodily harm. was indicted for c utting and wounding Mr. Clarkson prosecuted, and Mr. Ballantine defended the prisoner. It appeared that the prisoner had assaulted the prosecutor, who is his wife, with a poker, but it was clearly shown that he was at the time in a state of insanity. The jury accordingly acquitted him on that ground, and he was ordered to be detained in custody during her Majesty's pleasure. The REcoanza sat in the evening, but the cases disposed of ‘tely I were of ne public interest. —— - - On Tuesday a General Quarter Session for the pre cincts and liberties of the Tower of London, was held at the Court-house, Wellelose-square, Thomas Walsh, Esq., in the chair. Both grand and petit jury were sworn, but there being no business whatever to be transacted by either, they were discharged. THE SECOND QUESTION, Which is this, —Is a high scale of prices with equally high wages, or a low scale of prices with equally low wages, best for the labouring people of England? I would just remark before attempting to answer, that as increase is mainly acquired in this country by means of the labour and time of a hardworking population, so they are most d e eply interested in the r i g ht decision of this se cond question. I have often heard it said, and I think it is generally believed, that if we of this nation can not have things che a p er, that is, as I understand, at lower prices, our manufacturers cannot com pete with foreigners. Now whether they can compete with foreigners or not, I do not know; but of this I am sure, that they can do it better with the very reverse of that which they call cheapness; that is—better with high prices than with low prices. This may seem strange, but it is certainly true. In order to prove this proposition, I say first, that increase of things to us is our only means of paying taxes, without the payers becoming poorer and poorer. I think this position is herein before proved, and shall therefore assume that it is admitted by all. Next, I set down the amount of our taxation at fbrty millions of pounds in a year. It will not affect the argument whether it be more or less. And now will iput a case, which, though it cannot happen in reality, may be imagined. It is this.—Let all the increase of one year, from the land, from the manufacturers, and from every other source, be brought together into one market ; and let those who have laboured to obtain it, or are the owners of it, come together to the same market. Then let this question be first put to the assembly : Shall we set a high price or a low price upon all these things? After that question has been put, suppose then, one in the assembly should stand up and say to the people—" Remember that you have to pay forty millions of pounds for taxation out of these very things; and know, that out of nothing else can you afford to pay : and if you determine to put a low price upon them, you must of course part with a greater bulk to raise that sum than if they were put at a higher price ; and thus, by parting with a greater bulk, you will have less remaining for yourselves. On the contrary, if you put a high price upon these things, you need not part with so much to raise the forty millions ; and the differ ence will be your own ; which will enable you to sell, so much as you may have to sell, to fo reigners at a reduced price, or give the differ ence to them if you please, without being in a worse condition than you would have been, by fixing the prices low." In continuation of these imaginary proceed ings, let us suppose an extreme case ;—that the assembly should put so low a price upon the year's productions, as that the total thereof should amount to no more than forty millions of pounds; it is plain then that the year's taxa tion would have swept away the whole ; and the assembly might then- go to their homes, with out taking back anything to sell at all. Again, take another view. Suppose the price of thingS were to be reduced to one-half' of what they are now, so that the manufacturer, instead of giving one pound to a workman fbr a week's wage, should get two week's work done for the same money. Now then, what would be the result in this ease ? In the first place, we may see that taxation would be doubled ; for the fund holder would still receive the same number of pounds as at present; but every pound of. his would purchase two weeks' work like the manu facturer's instead of one only as the matter stands now. And, likewise, every pound of the fund holder's would purchase twice as much of every thing else, because everything is, by the suppo sition, understood to be reduced to half-price. The fund-holders, thereby, would possess a double portion of time goods of the nation with out doing anything to merit more than the half. But some may say, Oh yes, but think how much work may be done for half the cost. Would not that enable them to compete with the foreigner, and get large profits too? I say, No. For, besides the drawback of double taxation, making an increase thereto of forty millions a year, but few in England could better afford to give more than half the price for goods they had been used to give before; and so there would be no advantage in that part of the affair. Then with regard to foreign trade. It may lie admitted that if gold and silver could be brought home in return for exported goods, there would be a. greater profit to those concerned in the trade, if it could be carried far enough to out-balance pursued by their enemies, but the barrels of two muskets pointing from behind a tree stopped the latter in the pursuit, and another shower of spears was sent by each party. Presently one of the muskets was fired at a Port Stephen black, who was in a crouching position, and was endeavouring in that man ner to make his way to some of his friends who were fighting . under cover of a fence. The ball struck him in the nose, and he instantly fell. The Maitland blacks then retreated in the direction of Mr. Holden's house, and were pursued by the Port Stephen men, with loud ;yellings. The chase continued for about four or five hundred yards, when they came up with a black of the Wollonibi tribe, at whom 10 of twelve spears were thrown, but none of them took effect. At length one man came up with him, and knocked him down with his waddie ; he was then speared in the thigh and knee, and three or four coning up they knocked ou t his brains with their waddies. The back part of the poor fellow's head was lite rally beaten to pieces. The Port Stephen men apparently satisfied with this retaliation, gave lover the pursuit, and retu rne d to Mr. PilCher's paddock to the man who had been shot, and who was not then dead ; he died, however, shortly after wards. The Maitland blacks and their friends re treated into the bush near Stoney Creek, and the Port Stephen and Paterson tribes almost immediately left the ground, and, coming down the hill, crossed the river. Two or three hours afterwards two of them returned and buried the man who had been shot. There appeared to be about fifty men on each side. The cause of the quarrel could not be clearly ascertained. One of the Maitland men told constable 'rouge that it had arisen from the Port Stephen blacks having stolen their blankets; but this can hardly be correct, as the fighkappears to have been deter mined on for somcjime past ; some of the Mait land men having been heard to say early in the week that they expected the Port Stephen tribe to come to fight them during the race week. Some of them have told other persons that the quarrel arose from the Maitland blacks having some time ago killed one of the Port Stephen tribe. An inquest was held on the bodies of the two men who had been killed on Thursday afternoon, at the Northumberland Hotel. The Coroner was anxious to discover, if possible, by whom time blacks had been furnished with fire-arms, as there is a penalty of 201. upon any person so doing. It appeared from the evidence of constable Tonge, that one of the blacks of the Glendon tribe said that the arms were given to them by Mr. Scott, I of Glendon, for the purpose of shooting ducks. A musket which had been hid in the head of a tree, and the lock of which was a good deal out of repair, and an empty powder-horn marked P., which had been found after the battle was over, were produced at the inquest.. The jury returned a verdict of Wilful Murder against some per sons unknown, supposed to be aboriginal blacks, and the Coroner said he should cause an inquiry to be instituted, to ascertain whether the arms had been given them by Mr. Scott, and for what purpose. A post mortem examination was made on the bodies of both the men who were killed, by Dr. Sloan ; the body of the one who had been buried being exhumed for that purpose, He was buried in a very shallow grave, near the spot where he was shot, wrapped in his blanket, and a sheet of bark laid under him, with his broken waddie by his side. INCENDIARISM IN EDFORDSLIIRE.—WO under stand that Government have sent down three detective police men to assist the constabulary of this county is the detection of the villians who have committed the late acts of incen diarism on farming property. We are happy to state, that the farmers aro also exerting themselves for the protection of their property and the prevention of this crime, by placing watchmen on their premises ; and, as instances of the advantages of this system, we may state, that on Thursday last, William Bone was fully committed to Hertford gaol, by the bench of magistrates at Luton, for setting fire to Mr. Rudd's farm, called Gouche's farm, near Dunstable. On the 26th Robert Truett, a labourer in the employ of Mr. Swannell, was remanded by the Rev. J. B. Magenis and the Rev. Vere Alston, until Monday, on a charge of having set fire to the farm of Mr. :Swannell, at Telmersham... Cambridge Advirtior. to the trade. But r HINTS TOUCHING TAXATION. the increased taxation attaching trui The following hints are written , not fur those it has been said, and probably :y said, in answer who understand the subje c t , but for those who to this, that a trade u p on friend, W. G.:— bringing back of gold and sieve r, cannot be do not; by their TWO QUESTIONS, WITH ANSWERS. long carried on; for that foreigners leave those First—Front what source is it that taxes are metals not in such plenty .corn - and other paid? foreign produce must be taken. If so.„ then little Secondly—ls a high scale of prices, with or no advantage would be gained in fort ign- trade equally high wages, or a low scale of prices, with by having half prices at home, because such fo equally low wages, best for the labouring people reign produce, when imported into '.lEngiand, Z could not be sold above such English half prices. of Eng ANSWER Tel VIRST QUESTION . What prospect is there then, under the , cir cu m - The source from whence takes and other such stances of this supposed case, of any I 'breign imposts can be raised, withoutimpoverishing the trade being so carried on as to counterbolance people oralienating their property, is those thiogs the extra taxation of forty millions a year, which which may be very properly termed increase. it has been shown it would thetaat i up on the tax- This term, increase, is meant to e mbrace every paying people generally ofon thing of the following descript i o n, be y ond our Hence it may be seen that lower p:rices in present and titture necessary stock or capital of crease taxation, and o the contrary, that hig er h such things ; that is to say — all such things as prices reduce taxation n : and therefor e the second accrue, from season to se ason, through the uestion is answered by proving — a high scal e of p rices with equally high wages is best for the bounty of Providence; and every th in g which, p from time to time, may be obtained by art and labouring people of England. labour, and which shall be valuable in the esti- And now it may be asked, How is thili thing mation of the public, be that what it may. There to be done? I apprehend, if it be done, it must is no other source whielt can supply the demands be through a judicious enlargement of ou:r pre of taxation, or other such impositions, for any sent circulating medium of exchange—th at is, considerable length of time, without causing the money. It cannot be done with our exi sting alienation of property, or beggaring the great stoc enough and silver. These are nothing bulk of the people. like for the purpose, for these can repre- I think it is generally believed, that persons sent but a small portion of our immense produc of property contribute, out of such property, tions, at our present prices. But all I shall now most largely towards defraying taxation ; but further say on this point is, that to establlsht high my view of the case is, that many such persons prices there must be a commensurate circukttmg scarcely contribute anything towards supporting medium. W. G. that burden. The landowners, who are entitled to the spontaneous increase upon their lands, may, from that source of increase, so . far as they can avail themselves of it, be con sidered as contributors thereto; but that spon taneous increase forms but a small portion of the increase from the land, raised by means of the labour and time of others. It' the premises be true, then all those persons who are entitled to the spontaneous increase from the land, and all those who labour or apply their time and talents in raising or procuring in crease of the description before given, are, as one body, the payers of taxes. The following question has been put to me. When a rich man drinks wine which is heavily taxed, does not he pay that tax ? My answer was —No; not necessarily so. He may lend or ad vance the money for a short time, until he can re pay himself from the only tax-paying source in existence, that is increase. For suppose he be a non-labouring landlord who drinks the taxed wine. In the first place, he advances the money to pay for the taxed wine ; after that, at, the next rent day, lie receives, or expects to receive, from his tenant, that money which shall repay the expense of the wine. But the tenant is not, therefore, the ultimate payer for the wine (ex cept so far as his own labour is concerned), for he 'obtains the money by the sale of increase raised by labour on the farm. It is therefore from increase that the tax is paid in this case ; and they who are most instrumental in producing such increase are the greatest payers of the tax. Again, suppose the drinker of taxed wine is a moneyed man, who had lent his money on interest to a manufacturer. He, like the land lord in the preceding case, first advances the money to pay for the taxed wine; after that, at the set day, he receives, or expects to re ceive from the borrower, that interest money which will repay the expense of the wine. But the borrower is not therefore the ultimate payer fo r the wine, (except so far as his own labour and skill are concerned), for he obtains the interest money by the sale of increase produced by art and labour. It is therefore from increase in manufactured articles that the tax is paid in this case ;—and they who are most instrumental in producing such increase are the greatest payers of the tax. To suppose otherwise; that is, to suppose taxes were not paid out of increase, but out of capital or stores, then see the result. The non-labour ing owner of land, without any other property, who should let his land lie without cultivation at all, would not be in the receipt of anything wherewith to pay taxes; and the only means he would have of paying taxes would be by giving up portions of his land, year after year, until the whole were gone out of his possession. The moneyed man too, who should not labour or possess other kind of property, and who should lock up his money in a chest, would not be in the receipt of anything wherewith to pay taxes: and the only means he would have of paying taxes would be by giving portions of his money, year atter year, out of his chest, until the whole were gone. And now, conceiving that what has been here stated sufficiently shows that it is from increase alone we are enabled to pay taxes, rents, interest of borrowed capital, &c., with this uncterstand• tug, I shall proceed to answer :NG AT ANTI-CORN-LAW MEETI OLDHAM. On Tuesday evening, pursuant to placards and advertise ment, a large public meeting was held in the Town-hall, at Oldham, in aid of the great Anti-Corn-law League Fund of 100,000/. Mr. Joseph Gillham, senior head constable, pre sided. Though admission was only had by tickets, price 6d., the large room, which is capable of holding upwards ,of 1,000 persons (having an area of 242 square yards), was well filled, with a respectab:e assemblage, including a number of ladies. The room, which was tastefully decorated, was brilliantly lighted by three handsome candelabra, of bright and burnished gold, each containing eight argand gas burners. These can delabra have just been fixed in the hall, and greatly improve its appearance. They cost 150/. Owing to a delay in the starting from the Manchester station of the railway, of the principal speakers of the evening.. caused by the immense number of Oldham persons returning from Manchester (so that the train which should have started , at five o'clock was three-quarters of an hour later), the chair was not taken until seven o'clock. The CHAIRMAN, in opening the proceedings, read letters from Mr. Alderman Brooks, Mr. Brotherto n, M.P., and Mr. James Lees, of Delph Lodge, expressing their regret at being unable to attend. The meeting was then addressed by Colonel Thompson, in his usual quaint and pithy style ; by Mr. Cobden, in a powerful and argumentative speech, addressed chiefly to the working classes, and considering the corn-laws as a wages and labour question ; and by Mr. R. R. Moore, who showed by details, respecting the hat trade of Oldham, and the exports of hats, that with high prices of wheat our experts fell off, and in creased when wheat fell. He also explained the progress of the League, and how it had employed the large sums previously contributed, and concluded by calling on the meeting to begin the new year well. The CHAIRMAN said, he was not ab le this y ear (as his losses had been severe) to double his subscription. He would give 100/.--i Applause.) Mr. Moons then announced other subscriptions : —Mears. Lees and Mills, Waterhead Mill, 40/. (double last year's sub scription) ; Messrs. Gartside and Msyall, 40/. ; iNiessrs. T.. and H. Nelson, 301. (double); Mr. James Cheetham, 201. v. Mr. James Butterworth, Greenacres Moor, 20/. (quadruple); Messrs. Seville and Wolstenhohne, Lower loor, 201.; Messrs Marsden and Collinge, of Hollins Mill, 201. (double) ; John Bentley, head-constable, 10/. ; Mr. Eli Lees, Soho, 101. Messrs. Whittaker, of Royton, 101. (double) ; Messrs. John Holden and Brothers, Holden Fold, 10/. ; Messrs. George Holden and Son, Royton-lane, 20 /. (doub l e) ; Messrs. Lees and Barnes, Soho, 20/. ; Mr. John Peatt, Hart ford Iron-works,lol. (double) • Mr. James Greaves, Dirtca r s 301. (double) ; Mr. John Chadwick, Rhodes Mill, 101. ; Mr. William Wilde, Belfield, 10/. ; Mr. James Wilde, Mumps, 101.; Messrs. James Cheetham and Sons,_ Clough Mill, Crompton, 101. (new) ; Mr. Thomas West, Union-street, 51. (last year 21.) ; Mr. Joseph Baxter, Hollinwood, bl. (new) ; Mr. Thomas Mellor, Royton, Si. (five fold) ; Mr. Sa muel Rile y , Market-place, 5/. Oast year 21.) ; Messrs. Dyson and Brother, Greenacres, 10/. (double) ; and at least 150 other subscrip tions varying from 20/. to one shilling. Among other notices of subscriptions were—" A Bolus for Peel , " 20/. ; " Total and Immediate Repeal, and No Compromise," 201. ; A Friond,lo/4 A Few Friends from Waterhead Mill , 301.: m aking a total of Eight Hundred and Sixty Pounds.—(lmmense cheering.) Mr. Moore concluded by proposing " Three cheersfor Repeal,r which were given with hearty good will. The CHAIRMAN proposed a vote of thanks to the gentlemen who had addressed the meeting, which passed by acclamation. and was acknowledged by Mr. CocnErr, who said he felt grateful pleasure and some astonishment. For the size of the meeting, he had never at tended one with more spirit than the present one. He moved vote of thanks to the Chairman, which passed with three cheert The CHAIRMAN called for " three cheers i for the Queen , which,were given with spirit. Mr. ALEXANDER. TAYLOR moved a resolution of sympathy with Mr. Alderman Brooks, whose absence was caused by the serious illness of his only daughter. Mr. Moons moved a vote of thanks to the ladies, which being passed by acclamation, the proceedings terminated a fese minutes after eleven o'clock. , , • .. , , _. t • Goods delivered ill all] Country orders amounting to 61. Lain. Bucklersbury, Cheapside. MANSELL and CO., 2, TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR,—From the accounts in the newspapers, Lon don appears in a tumult respecting remedies for the existing distress, its crisis have actually reached the ears of a Bishop. But in all this anxiety for affording relief, I see nothing mixned at to prevent that which appears to have led to the extensive inquiry now going on—l mean the victims found in the Park. Though the Bishop of London has consented to become • Christian, and move in this wide field of his duty, I see no mention (in this as in every other charitable exertion) of the Duke of Wellington. Still the Duke might do a great deal. llr this respect Peel is• his superior, he does subscribe to charities, and' it shall be related of him, when his plausible tongue has ceased to wag, that at a time of intense and universal distress, caused and continued in some degree by his own obstinacy—at $ time when mothers were weeping over children crying for bread—at a time wham thousands either died from actual starvation, or' the seeds of death were sown by want—he subscribed five thousand pounds for building churches. The people asked for bread and he gave piles of stones. The large subscriptions paraded in the newspapers at the present time, are a wicked mockery of the nations' distress. But to return to the Duke. It was alleged byt.l think, the Morning Herald, that the victims found the park were from the country, they had follow'e.' the soldiers, by whom they had been debauched, di,' seased, and then deserted : and I observe a parag raPP in your paper of the 21st ult. from the Leeds Tinie* headed " Regimental Love Scene," which , being Is 7 terpreted, is merely an account of the manufacture or similar victims, by the same parties, the military. The account is evidently intended as a laughable affair, and no doubt would be so oily for the c ons!' quenc e, any one can see, must have ensued , disease, desertion, &c. The scene "craning of young w omen up, four or five at once into barra cks,' laughable ; and " some few more devoted of them ae tually contrived to hide themselves in the railvesi carriages, and went forward to Manchester," also be laughable; but of the less devoted, whie, 6 s eems to have been the greater division, no accountaccount l ,. given, " some few only" reached Manchester, th e re" no doubt became victims. The position of the Duke just now, and the Soo"' reign now on the Throne, gives him a fine opP° r tunity ot doing honour to himself and his Sovereign''by adopting some means to check the systema tic licentiousness of the army. It is a disgrace to the British soldier that he cannot, even for a shor t time, be quartered in any place, but he leaves the, roarlis of demoralisation in living characters bell's' him. Private soldiers are somewhat like children"' they faithfully copy the manners of those plecl e above them ; and I fear imitation of officers is P: tl principal source whence springs this reeklessnes s i i , morals. The military seem to enter a town pre ue r terinined to ruin its fair inhabitants; the r a vages ° peace are exchanged for the ravages of war. - or This licentiousness the Duke might considerab ly , check by a general order, carrying a penalty of al. ; missal to all officers guilty of seduction or crim. 0 ./ 1 0 and making them ineligible to hold any commist, l e ,, in the service. In the case of privates, corporals, °de' they could be punished by confinement, and stoPP fl l l- 4 of pay for a certain time. I do not expect an ar" - e l, of' " Josephs," but something should be done to che o this wholesale system of making victims for P ar and other places. Your Constant Reader, X., COMMERCIAL TRAVEL'. Clonmel, Dec. 27, 1843 S' . TEA s AT WHOLESALE PR IG '-oi 1 Good Common Black 3s. Od. Fiae Pekoe Souchonft... 46 ' 4i' Strong Cor.gou ... ..... ...3s. 4d. Superior ditto ......... ••• 411. Od' Fine ditto, Pekoe flavour..3s. Sd. Finest ditto imp orted•••6°. COFFEE. , , 6 ,1 ' Good Common Os. 9d. Finest Java .....,"- Pl' Ceylon, sound and sweet...ls. Od. Ditto Cuba ............ ..•'-' OP Fine do., recommended ...Is. 2d. Finest Mocha .........••' 9l• Finest Ceylon, rich and I mellow ( parts of Town daily. f 0 0° ~ sent free to all parts 0- mmommar.to•CiLac.......lll2llllL ---- - BIRTHS. On the 25th of November, at Corfu, the wife of i Fitz Herbert, of the Rifle Brigade, of a daughter. , _ w ife ° On the 30th ult., at Bishopsgate-street Witkout, tri. Mr. James Frith, wine-merchant, of a daughter. _ v C. 6 On the Ist inst, at Stanton, the lady of the R.' ' Cotes, of a son. - - MARRIED. On the 3d inst., at St. James's Church, L. Jones, of Salt-hill, Kingstown, near Dublin , to daughter of Alexander Lowe, Eaq _Meric leot % DIED. esio Ile do On the 19th of July last, at Wellington, New Hunter, Esq., Major of that settlement. _.----„ o t nErAmla. ,----- --- lj S U 9 - - - - ------ yo •1 0 London: inted and Published by MURDO „ to p I No. 112, Strand, at The Sux Office, No. 11 2, ,4. the County of Middleseh Thursday, January 4, 17' amount ofincreased demands upon the employ er, if it should not be increased toil? But let us advance a step further, and suppose three or four employers, with a like increase of detnand, what would the working popul ation g ain Would they not be made worse, by the com petition of these three or four employers, each anxious to obtain as much of the indreased demand as possible, and each, therefore, trying to underbid his compet itors, which he could do only by underpaying his labourers? But the number of employers is, with us, unlimited, and in the ,event of a greater demand for goods, it would increase in a ratio far beyond the augmented demands, thus still more severely grinding the working class; for it cannot be too often repeated, that the competi tion which must ever exist in such u case will be a competition to produce at the lowest price, i. e., at the lowest rate of wages. It must be, how ever, the less necessary to press this considera tion, because we have seen the experiment tried by a thirty years' proof, and the result is, that on the whole wages decline as manufacturing ex ports multiply. The second inference which we draw from the premises furnished above by the Times, is the precarious nature of the pros perity based upon manufacturing success. The present prospects or manufacturers are " not simply favourable, but highly encouraging." This is a relative commendation ; it implies that lately the prospects of manufacturers were not favourable nor encouraging, but the reverse; and, indeed, our contemporary distinctly admits as much in the introductory part of the sen tence partially quoted. The prosperity of the empire and the happiness of the people, how ever, are surely not safely committed to a pur suit subject to such violent fluctuations. As to the labouring classes, indeed, their condition varies but little, for the melancholy reason, that scarcely at any time can it be made worse than it is at all times. Our respected contemporary proceeds to ascribe the improved condition of manufacturing industry to the operation of the late tariff, which it treats as an experiment in free trade. We fully concur in the beneficial effects assigned to the tariff, but we can not admit that that financial adjustment is to be considered as, in any respect, an experiment in free trade. The proof that it is not such an experiment, will be found in the fact that nearly all the important taxes reduced were taxes for revenue, not for protection. The tariff and the property tax are to be taken together as one great measure of financial reform — an approach to a more equitable distribution of the public burdens. As such they have operated most beneficially upon the home and colonial markets, and it is thus that they have restored manufacturing industry. If in truth tariff is to be consieered as an experiment in free trade, it is an experiment that has wholly failed 5 for it has not procured the admission of a single yard of cotton or of one penknife into any country of the world upon terms more favourable than before. This the Times itself candidly admits, when it says that " so far as foreign tariffs are concerned, the result has been, it must be owned, absolutely nothing." The tariff, however, has not failed ; it has most happily succeeded in contribut ing to our present prosperity and in opening the road, as we firmly believe, to still greater prosperity hereafter; but it has not failed, because it was not an experiment in free trade. As to the foreign tariffs, we are per haps unpatriotic in saying that we are no proper judges of their wisdom or folly, for your perfect patriot has no charity for the patriotism of the natives of other countries. There are, however, certain general principles of which we ought not to lose sight in pronouncing upon the acts of our neighbours ; and one of these principles is, that an enlightened and liberal self love is as commendable in Governments as it is pardonable n individuals. P I tg F 1 eel tiler , Inii Moral -eadi cial "Vie ship and Fiji vtlit 11 Lo t CIA Prol o Iviss i ?ILI life, i$ till are 'Olin ' , t etei bok, Petsi eypri off, ti n , kliti lot