The Sun. — London, England, 1844-08-29 00:00:00

.....o'' iC%. !ded 111 . 'or Olt 11, „ a) 1 4 ' " ! 5 Med' co c 11) igbt fr -op is the e . ided' .nd s y ) 0 1 9 " 0 - :; le Pf i ri d ble t h i t ) fr, ` / , 1 1 i re 'i filiP deride; . . (9 $lOl lb ( 1 ' , , P 1' I Is'oti b. 4 ylb 911 ►• id for°l 1 ) I I 4 I ' 'ocitiers`,l)V O f ; . 0 o ° o'o 11 of , fori ' d ‹is e 1 :0 4 101* 0 1 ' 4 f 0 06 , il,„0 , 00 . 5j 4 tbf't SUMMARY OF NEWS 12. Vttblit panto n. " 1T 7w T-uns ;nay read." According to accounts from Paris, Marshal Soult still remained at his country s, at in the South. It was re ported that he was to restn the effice of Minister of War, but that he had eon -ented to remain as President of the Counctl without a port The Minister of Commerce has returned to Paris from Vichy. A letter from Mt tz, or the 24th, says :—" The weather has again become frightful, the rain rot having ceased falling since last t vetting. The orders given for the Movement of the troops are not (le less maintained, anti the greater number of the soldiers will arrive here on Monday. Everything is in an active preparation for the c ommencement of operivions on Wednesday. Deputa tions have arrived from the garrisons of Bavaria and Austria. to witness the ul erations. The Duke of Saxe- Weimar and his sons are expected ; they are to alight at the Prefecture. The Duke de Nemours and the Duke de Alontpensier continue t visit the military establish- Merits." A letter from Marielles of the 23d states that as the Pharamond steamer entered the port with the news of the victory of Isly, she di essed herself ot.t with flags, and fired three shots to annource that she was the bearer of happy intelligence. 'l lie greatest excitement imme diately prevailed, and the newspaper offices were be- Sieged by the crowd, anxious to learn what had occurred. In the evening the public buildings were 111 4minated. The Moniteur Parisien says :—" The Moorish army, 'Which attacked our troops on the banks of the Isly, reckoned 24,000 cavalry. The enemy must, in addition, have possessed a numer, us irregular infantry, and pro °Ably some regular troops, to (HI nd and work the artil lery. Marshal Bugeaud, as has bt en already stated, had Under his orders only 7,600 infantry, 1,400 cavalry, and 12 pieces of cannon." The Moniteur Algerien of the 20th has come to hand. It states that official documents had been received on that 4lay at Algiers announcing the victory of Isly. The-, add nothing, however, to the details given in the dispatch already published. On the 16th the guns at the fors of Oran fired a number of salvos in honour of the signal advantage gained by the French army. The Constitution/1d says—" The King's journey to 4 ngland is posToned. Orders, it is said, have been dis patched to the ports to delay the preparations. The period at present named for the embarkation is Octo ber 17." The Augsburg Gazette mcntions a repart from Trieste, that the Bellona, Austrian frigate, on board of which is Admiral Bandiera, had received orders to sail for Mo- Fete°. A letter from liamburgh announces the arrival in that city of a number of Poies, who had been recently trans ferred from Posen to Ala;:deburg. They have received Permission to proceed to England, and are on their way to that country. _ _ - - LAW ATCD POLICES. In the case of Worley v. Yardington, which was tried betor e Mr. Secoxdary James, and which was an action b rought by a meat salesman against a butcher residing King's.road, Chelsea, who mold meat for him on corn- Itission, the jury found for the plaintiff, with 20/. da in fe a gis, being the amount advanced by plaintiff to de- At for which defendant had not accounted. Liverpool, th cLuse of Wood v. Monk came on for trial before Mr. Justice Cresswell, being a erim. con. ac k,ieq brought by a t avern -k ee p er aga i ns t a m edical man. „e defen ce was , th a t t h e w h o l e was a cons pi rac y on :'ne Part of plaintiff to get rid of his wife. Ultimately it was agreed that a juror should be withdrawn. On the Crown side Timothy O'Brien was convicted of eutting and wounding W. Jones, with intent to do him stut e grievous bi dily harm. now den alias Lamb,:the actor at Sadler's Wells, who Lired of forgery, pleaded guilty to the charge just the closing of the Central Criminal Court, and sentenced by the Recorder to two years' imprison oiett. At Mansion-h euse, yesterday, William Laidler, the s eaman who appeared betore Sir John Pirie, on Satur tellY, to complain against the supercargo of the ship John ltnpbell, for bloody and desperate proceedings on the " "cf Africa, appeared before the Lord Mayor, ac cording to his Lordship's appointment. Sir John Pirie Bat with the Lord Mayor tip,n this occasion. The Lord Mayor having sated that, from the accounts received fr om 1144 Liverpool, it appeared that the supercargo had acted h proper zeal, spirit, and discretion, and that the ZIA crew were in a state of mutiny, Laidler himself tng one of the chief mutineers, that individual at empted to justify his conduct, when he was warned to key care that those whom he had calumniated did not m a ke him, responsible for his conduct. The manner of f urn se aman was brutal and menacing in the extreme, pathetic an extraordinary contrast to the gentle and description of his sufferings and feelings on the Isi7ico of his first application to Sir J. Pirie. Sir J. i nti l j 'cost unequivocally expressed his opinion as to the ra en l n s °4 s conduct of tie crew, and hoped that the state ch a w hich had gene r.broad had done no injury to the racter of Mr. Burnley. Years of age, named ll , nry Smith, whose threadbare gal • I!tents, attenuated frame, .and care-worn countenance, ndicated extreme distress, was brought before the magistrate, at Queen-square, charged with begging. The defendant was a native of the Cai e of good Hope, and bad received a liberal education, but had been brought up to no profession or calling, and had been unexpectedly reduced to absolute want. He had a wife and family. The magistrate gave him some temporary relief, and stated he would consider what could be done for him. A summons was issued against a pawnbroker named harding, residing in York street, Westminster, for re fusing to pe! mit the examination of certain articles by 9 1 n yulice, the duplicates relating to which were found 111 the possession of a man committed for robbery. A man n ame d W a tki ns was ti ne d 5/. at Marylebone, for , t ,,ha'ing sold half a li,ad of hay in Cumberland market, 11 ,.' neglectin g t o en t er th e sa m e in the book of thed.erk (1 ' the market. , h 'i a t'lln Briggs, a pauper in the union workhouse, Milo en — "NeW Town, was charged with staling a valuable ~, ring, the property of the master of the workhous... siZprisonec had always expressed a desire to go to New je.„l l , Wales, and had been heard to say he woul H e rob a re,,, — "'s shop but what he would go abroad. was zi b: 4 Union Hall John Leigh, an engineer, charged with h rtt tnidin g w i t h t h e wire of Jilin Townsend, a linen oNer, and stealing various articles, his property, was u to bail to answer the charge of felony. Peter M'Walter, a young man of fashionable appear ; ne e, Was charged with plundering the King's Head Inn. t l ,l the B orou g h, and th ,, H ero o f W ater l oo Tavern,. in t he Waterloo-road. At both 'laces he arrived in the ; ning, with a car p e t bag, ngaged a bed, and in the 11.r ght plundered the house and decamped. He was re litanded unt il S atur d ay, i n or d er to g i ve p a rties who had en been robbed under similar circumstances as those above r.tioned, an o ppo r tunity of attending and identifying Lnn. The Insolvent Debtor? Court will sit on Tuesday , s rl e,lt, the 3d of September , for hearing of bail cases and 11er matters. Since the operation of the Act to ! M end the law of bankruptcy, insolvency, and execution, ;I, l h busin ess o f th e C our t h as mat e rially decreased. ,e bail list f or T ues d a y contains only forty cases, Ii numb er i s no t mo r e than a fourth of the applies.. ' 1 94 in August last. c OUNT—F.A'SZEION.S.B7.I3. Prince William of Prussia is not expected to take his departure for the Contirent until after the christening of inthoerirnofwant Prince, which is understood to be fixed for to se'nnight, the Gth of September, at Windsor Castl e ; the Duke of Wellington, and the Ministers and great officers of State, ::re also expected to attend the august ceremonial ; and a few days afterwards the Prince leave town for the Prussian dominions, paying the " j uke of 'Wellington a short visit at Walmer Castle. The M arc hi oness o f Cl anr i car d e h as re t urne d to town f r om f Becket H ouse , Berks, where her Ladyship has been 4 h t he party assembled there on a visit to Viscount and 4 ceuntess Barrington. The Noble Marquis is visiting 3 „, ° &tates in Ireland. he Marquis and Marchioness of Waterford are mak i ' a tour in Germany. n T he Marquis of Bristol has left town for Ickwortb ark. near B ur y St. Ed mun d' s . Earl and Lady Kathe- Jermyn and family have joined the Noble Marquis IL L t that b eau tif u l sea t. L or d Alf r ed Hervey, M.P., by tne last l etters h a d reac h e d P au , w h ere L or d an d Lady Ch arles , Hervey are residing, having cn route visited Lord William Hervey, at Paris. The Dow ager C oun t ess of Erroll and Lady Hay have arrived at Brighton for the advantage of the sea air. The Countess of Glengull and family have left Gr osvenor-stre e t for Brighton. CThe E ar l an d Countess o f Hardwicke have arrived at irepole Hall, C am b r i.lgeshire, from towst for the season. The Earl and Countess of Brownlow, and the Ladies aN u tt, have l e f t Bagr;•ve-square for the Continent. The , i . 3l Jle Earl an d C oun t e ss purpose visiting the German ay for the benefit of the Countess's health, which since tho earlier part of the spring has not been so satisfactory " could be desired. The Earl o f G os p or t h as returned to this country after tour of three months in Germany. V4 countess Ashbrooke and the lion. Miss Flower left townr a on Wed nes d a y l as t f o r a tour in Germany. dY De Clifford has left Carlton House-terrace for I,ellnard's on-Sea, and purposes to reside there ft r 'Me time to come, for the benefit of her health. p?tul.:inergsd and Lady Morley have entertained fashionable at their noh!e mansion, Saltram, Devonshire, the week, and the following distinguished guests n,-..e been on a visit to the Noble Lord: —Lord and Lady rott and Miss Lygen ; Sir John and Lady Yarde tiller, and Miss huller ; Sir Samuel Spry, Mr. and Mrs. orteseue • Mrs. Parker, of Whitewey, and Mr. Parlby, of Mune-don. OrLord Charles Wellesley , leaves Apsley House in a day w t.. !ve to go into waiti ng as equerry. Lady Charles 'Qsley will accompany the Duke of Wellington to I t'eeer Castle. ford' who of Armagh and the Hon. Miss Beres ;:s who have lace on a visiting tour in Scotland, have lZftgh Highlands for the archiepiscopal palace at Ar- WYXS e M.L3LANEOVS. The British institut'on doses on the 31st inst. ri The D utch steamer Batavier arrived at the St. Kathe rife Stearn-vkharf yesterday morning early, in perfect e zt a e tY,With a f a i r complement of passengers an d a f u ll rgo; comprising a quantity of fruit, cattle, &c. nthe liawaub of Sorat, splendidly dressed in richly x!arnidered Oriental costume, with three attendants, V \ II bAted I\rooluieh Garrison on Tuesday afternoon, and conducted over ilte Larrack-rooms and mess-room by teut enant-Colonel Coltiuhoun, Major Sandilarids, and Brigade-Major Cuppage. The Nawaub afterwards pro ceeded in his carriage to the Marshes, and witnessed ricochet firing, and from long ranges, and rocket prac tice, with which he was much please-d. On Wednesday last, the first stone of a new Church, to contain 250 sittings (all free), was laid at Coton in the }lns, in the parish of Lul!ington, by Lady Wilmot Horton. We have heard it mentioned, as from authority, that Dr. Murray, Archbishop of Dublin ; 1)r. Healy, Bishop of Carlow; Dr. Kinsella, Bishop of Ossory; Dr. Blake, Bishop of Drotnore; the Right Hon. D. B. Pigot, and the Right Hon. R. A. Blake, have been named by Sir Robert Peel as the Catholic Commissioners under the Charitable Bequests (Ireland) Act. The public-bouse known as the Ship and Blue-coat Boy, in the Welworth-road, was burnt down this morning. It is feared that some vessel has been wrecked on the coast of Guernsey during the late tempestuous weather, inasmuch as, during the early part of last week, the fol lowing articles were picked up to the northward of the island :—A pipe of brandy, two hogsheads of wine, a Fmg-boat 30 feet in length, and a mast 30 feet long. In the neighbourhood of Turteval parish, one hogshead of wine ; and in that of St. Saviour's, two hogsheads of wine. The premises of Mr. Watling, 6, Mount-row, West minster-road, known as the Canton Tea Mart, were this morning considerably damaged by fire. IRVINE HORSE AND CATTLE FAlR.—lrvine Au gust fair took place on Wednesday last, and was pretty well supplied with both cattle and horses, the good de scriptions of which sold well, particularly the horses, which brought rather better prices than et present mar kets. Good draught horses sold from 181. to 301. In the cattle department there were several lots of Ayrshire queys and calving cows, but the demand was not brisk. A few Highland beasts for grazing were also shown, but they were of an inferior description, and sales were very slow. This used to be a noted fair for harvest men and women, but on this occasion fewer handlers of the hook appeared than fur many years past. A good deal of business was done in the sale of ryegrass 'seed, to seeds . . _ _ men, the demand for it being vet.; brisk at from 12s. to 14s. per boll.—Ayr Observer. HOP INTELLIGENCE.—WORCESTER, AUG. 24. Our district reports to-day are rather favourable, and the duty has an upward tendency, 16,0001. to 17,0001. being new the current estimate. There is a general in quiry for all descriptions of hops, especially good fresh old olds, which are bought freely at 40s. to 565. per cwt. The best runs of 1843's are worth 1245. to 128 s. per cwt.— Worcestershire Chronicle. _ _ _ The High : Constable and churchwardens of Brigh :on, in compliance with the request of the magistrates, lave issued a notice of their intention to put in force provisions of the law against Sunday trading.— Brighton Gazette. DEPTFORD DOCKS ARD.—Orden were received on Wednesday in the dockyard at Deptford that the steam frigate Terrible, now building in that yard, should be prepared for sea as speedily as possible. To complete the work, 80 shipwrights have been engaged during the present week, 30 of whom were taken on on Wednesday morning. The orders are that she shall be launched by the conclusion of the present year, and not delayed until the spring quarter of 1845, as was originally intended. BARTHOLOMEW FAlR.—This fair commences next TuesdAy, but nut the slightest interest is taken in its an nual return, even by the licensed victuallers of Smith field, who formerly derived so considerable au advan tage from it. It will, as last year, be solely restricted to stalls for the sale of gingerbread and toys, and, judging from appearances, the fair will have a very scanty show of each. All swings and performances will be strictly forbidden. GREAT SOUTHERN AND WESTERN RAILWAY Ex- TENSION LINES TO LIMERICK AND CORK.—Over 1,700 shares have been taken in this city since Thursday last. The greatest avidity prevails to purchase shares, which augurs well for success of the enterprise. We perceive by the London and Dublin papers that the deposits of 21. 103. on each of the original shares in the Dublin and Cashel Railway are now selling for 61. 10s. each, being nearly treble.—Limerick Reporter. THE NEW PRISON FOR MIDDLESEX.—A Corn mittee of Middlesex Justices met at the Sessions House, Clerkenwell-green, this morning, to adopt the necessary steps for pulling down the present prison and erecting another in its stead on the old site, in which the separate confinement system of prisoners before trial may be car ried out, pursuant to the direction of Sir James Graham, and under the provisions of the 7th and Bth Victoria, cap. 71. The existing prison, which is most inconve niently adapted to prison discipline, was built in the reign of James the First, although it is still called the New Prison, Clerkenwell. PADDINGTON TO THE BANK IN ONE DAY !-It may be interesting to travellers to know, that the journey from Paddington to the Bank is now accomplished regu larly in one day. An omnibus leaves the Yorkshire Stingo at 8 a.m., and, proceeding leisurely down the New-road, stops at the Regent's Park to take up fresh passengers. It then proceeds at a rapid rate to the cor ner of Tottenham-court-road, where another halt is ne.- cessarily made to enable the coachman and guard to have a little refreshment. No other stoppage is made after this till the omnibus reaches the King's-cross, where a little delay sometimes occurs to allow the passengers the opportunity of observing the picturesque confluence of no less than six distinct thoroughfares. The half way-house is the Angel at Islington, a noted house for beer and accommodation, at which the coachman and guard always stop to dine. This does not take, upon an average, more than an hour. The omnibus then pro ceeds at 2 p.m. on its way down the City-road, and, after stopping at the Grecian Saloon to take in cheroots, reaches the Bank (the wood pavement permitting) a little before dusk. What would our grandfathers say to this wonderful rapidity of travelling 7—Punch. ALARMING FIRE AT LAMBETIL—This morning shortly after 12 o'clock, the neighbourhood of the Marsh-gate, Lambeth, was alarmed by the sudden out break of a fire of a very destructive character upon the premises known as the Canton Tea Mart, belonging to Mr. Samuel Watling, situate No. 6, Mount-row, next door but one to the National Swimming Baths, West minster-road. The discovery of the fire was made in a very singular manner. It appears that Mr. Craddock, who resides in the next house, had his attention sud denly arrested by a strong effluvium, evidently arising from combustion. That person at first thought his own house was on fire, but after making a diligent search he perceived smoke in dense bodies breaking through the walls which divide the two buildings. He immediately raised an alarm, and commenced knocking violently at Mr. Watling's door, and was after some time answered by some one from the second floor window. In the mean time some of the officers of the L division started for the engines. The Waterloo-road brigade and West of Eng.and engines, with strong bodies of firemen, were at the scene in the course of a few minutes, and were, under the direction of Messrs. Connorton and Hamilton, set to work from an excellent supply of water from the Lambeth fire mains. No sooner were the doors of the building forced to let the water through, than the flames and smoke shot out with such force as to almost knock the firemen down. Whilst the men were busily engaged subduing the fire, a cry was raised from some part of the premises which caused the crowd to believe that several persons were in the house, and in the course of a fi w seconds ladders were raised in front of every window, into which the firemen entered at the risk of losing their own lives, to rescue the parties. Fortunately, they had escaped through the skylight along the roofs of the adjoining buildings. The Southwark-bridge-road, engine next arrived with Mr. Henderson, the fireman of the district, and was followed by Mr. Garwood, with the County engine. The firemen continued to work inces santly until half-past one o'clock, when they at last got the mastery of the flames. The damage done is con siderable, but Mr. Watling is fortunately insured in the Royal Exchange Fire:Office. The police arrangements, under the direction of Inspector Stannard and Sergeant Fenton, were most admirable in keeping the many thou sand persons out of the reach of danger. The origin of he calamity is unknown. MURDER ON BANBURY RACE-COURSE.—InfOrMa _ . tion has just been received at Scotland-yard, of the murder of Samuel Newman, a hawker, a few nights ago, on the above race-course, by two men and a woman, who are well known as frequenters of race-courses and fairs. They brutally assaulted him, and after they had rifled him of everything, threw him into a river near the spot, where he was discovered. A verdict of wilful murder was returned by the COroner's jury against them. One of the man is known by the name of Glou cester Bill, stands 5 feet 10 inches high, dark com plexion, dressed in a shabby black coat and trousers. The other man is 5 feet 5 inches high, stout made, and marked with the small-pox, dressed in a fustian suit. The woman is known as Gloucester Eliza, and is always in company with the above men. SINGULAR ESCAPE.—On Tuesday a woman from Haydock, whilst walking round the Clarence Dock, acci dentally slipped off the quay into the water, but, fortu nately, her clothes having become well inflated in her descent, she was completely buoyant, and apparently sat in the water ; and, to the surprise of the bystanders, did not manifest the least fear or concern, but quietly held out her hand for a rope, which was lowered by a flatman, by whom she was safely landed, evidently amazed with what had taken place.--Liverpool Albion. " THE COURSE OF TRUE LOVE NEVER DID RUN SMOOTH."—Amongst the present numerous visitants to the romantic beauties of Windermere and the surround ing scenery, is an individual of the male sex, who has this week attracted considerable attention. He comes from Lorton, in Cumberland, and sports a crutch, but from delicacy shall be nameless here. He, to make a story abort, has fallen desperately in love with the fair (laughter of a fisherman, who plies the trade with her father, and resides on the Lancashire banks of the lake. Last Sunday, as the morning light was springing in the golden chambers of the East, and gleaming beautifully on the quiet surface of the lake, two persons might have been seen walking along its banks, about a mile below the Ferry Inn, of opposite sex, in serious converse ; and seri ous it seems they were, for the hero of our tale having asked the fair Ann to marry him, and being pointedly refused, plunged into the water, saying he would end his existence by drowning himself; as he could not live without her, and succeeded in scrambling—crutch and all—to where the water was too deep for him, when he began lustily to call for assistance. At this juncture, Ann, like another Grace Darling, rushed into the waves, and having dragged her despairing lover to the shore, had him conveyed to her father's house, where he was nursed by his unwilling Inver, and in the course of the day was himself again. The fisherman, however, sent his daughter out of the way of the desponding swain, and told him he would have the pleasure of her company ' no more. The feelings of the owner of the crutch , at this intelligence, shall be left to the imagination of our , readers. If this should meet the eye of any of his friends, they would do wall to look after him, as he told the fisherman he was resolved on " doing the deed." Brrums e? FOITC3IE.—Mr. Conyers, formerly an officer in the 36th Regiment, is an inmate of the Lime rick Workhousemw,An h ottern LORD BROUGHAMSINSOLVENLY LAWS. FROM A CORRESPONDENT.) " The children who have eaten their cake, are the natural enemies of those who hare their cake to eat."—BENTIIAM. It is the vice of lawyers that they cannot under stand or ever see a new principle, much less see the time when a new principle must be known and ap• plied. They saw, and rightly enough, that the old insolvency-laws were brutally severe, but, instead of taking the old procedure all to pieces, and devising a rational one in place thereof, they only meliorated the old plan by applying egregious absurdities thereto. W bile they were justly horrified at the hanging of men for offences (as bankrupts) which deserved a much milder punishment, the lawyers went on patching and patching, and still their work remains an incorrigible heat) of inefficient errors. The ad justment of bad debts was made a subject of equity jurisdiction, burdened with the cumbrous and ex pensive machinery of Chancery, or a punishment was inflicted at once on the alleged debtor without due trial and proof. As well might men be charged on oath with stealing watches, and then be consigned to prison until they or their value were refunded, 33 when it was found the prisons were crammed, and when countless indiscriminating acts of oppression were committed, the odd device should be hit on, of having a periodical goal delivery, and that failing, to construct a court for the regular relief of pickpockets. Relief from indefinite punishment, afforded to men who had been merely charged but never tried, and yet had endured a certain sum of imprisonment! Yet such was the remedy hit upon to cure insolvency, which has been since improved further by Lord Brougham, not only by liberating all indiscriminately who had been as yet untried by any court, but by shutting the prison doors almost entirely against all insolvents. From a wild and unconstitutional punish ment, the Legislature has run into the opposite error of no punishment at all. Thus giving practical im punity to all persons who, no matter what may be the cause, did not fulfil their promise and pay their just debts ; for, except in rarest instances where the in jured creditor is animated by vengeance, a very rare fact, there are no means by which a debtor can be punished, he who is, in almost all cases, deserving punishment. All this arises from an unwillingness to expound the principles on which insolvency laws should be founded. These principles are— 1. All men who make contracts, if they be lawful, should be required to fulfil them, being liable to certain sanctions if they do not. 2. Ile who receives money or goods from another, under bargain or contract to restore the same at a fixed time, should be bound by law so to do, and should be visited by puishments of due severity if he do not, unless he act involuntarily. 3. He who incurs a debt, makes this sort of con tract, and he must pay the whole debt, or being unable to pay it, he must do so to the utmost extent of his ability ; and 4. He must endure punishment, in order that other people may be deterred from breaking the like sort of contracts if, as the evidence shows, is almost univer sally the case, he has voluntarily rendered himself unable to do so, that is, by acts over .which he had more or less control ; and 5. He has done so voluntarily, who has become in insolvent, because he has been idle, has neglected his business, and not kept proper accounts; or who has been extravagant, and has enjoyed more pleasures than his own means would allow ; or who has been dishonest, and has concealed and removed beyond re covery all or part of the effects, without his creditors incur an expense equal to, or greater than the value to be recovered. _ _ _ Vv The evils the insolvent has inflicted on society are great indeed. Ist. He has misapplied the wealth, the produce of other men's toil, and with which other men have entrusted him, and in violation of his solemn en gagement, thus rendering property insecure (except that protected by special laws) ; he has weakened the motives to be industrious, and to accumulate, and thus diminished the quantity of wealth in the land; he is a public enemy. 2d. He has wasted the wealth he should have husbanded and productively invested. 3d. He has forfeited voluntarily his word, and thus diminished confidence between man and man ; but it is of the very greatest importance that in all cases the simple word of a man should be absolutely received with confidence, especially in a commercial nation. The baneful act of the insolvent (a modification of stealing) is felt all through society to diminish that indispensable confidence, and laws which do not punish him encourage a social pestilence. 4th. He injures directly, trade and commerce, because in order that there may be national prosperity it is desirable that the greatest number of persons should be in the highest credit, so that they may obtain any amount of credit, at any time, on their mere word, "I promise to pay;" which should in all cases (as in millions of cases it does) pass with the same value as coin. The labours of Lord Brougham (who is in a state of stolid igno rance on the subject he has legislated about) would not be more mischievous if he had repealed all Acts relating to forgery and to coining, and the uttering , of base coin, and told the people (as he has done with regard to that much more universally circulated me dium a word-of-mouth-promise-to-pay) that they must mind what coin and what notes they accept, for the law shall afford them no protection any more than if they were in Negroland. It these principles be true—and they are incontro vertible; Lord Brougham can no more disprove them than he can disprove the law of the triangle—it fol lows that our commercial code must be constructed by other hands than those whose " frantic" presump tion has, and is continuing, to confiscate the treasure of the middle classes, whose very social existence 1., placed in peril by bad insolvency-laws, just as that of the lower classes has been destroyed by long continued bad laws. Insolvency-laws are to the middle classes what poor-laws are to the lower classes. CLOSE OF THE CROWN BUSINESS AT LIVERPOOL. —Yesterday afternoon the Lord Chief Baron disposed of all the cases in the calendar. As his Lordship has declined, most probably on account of the fatigue he has undergone upon the circuit, to take any of the Nisi Prius causes still standing over for trial, he will leave for London this morning. It is worthy of re mark that, at the present assizes, no prisoner has been left for execution. We believe it is quite impossible that the assizes can terminate before Monday or Tuesday next the soonest, as, at the rising of the Court last even• ing, there were no fewer than twenty-four common and twelve special jury causes remaining over for disposal by Mr. Justice Cresswell. His Lordship has, therefore, e formidable amount of business yet to get through, although he has now been sitting for nearly a fortnight, many of the undisposed-of causes being of considerable length.—Liverpool Courier of Wednesday. A BATTLE BETWEEN TWO HARES. On Easter Sunday, in the afternoon, as I was proceeding with my brother-in-law, Mr. Carr, to look at a wild duck's in an adjacent wood, we saw two hares fighting with inconceivable fury on the open ground about 150 yards distant from us. They stood on their hinder legs like, two bull dogs resolutely bent on destruction. liming watched them for about a quarter of an hour, we then entered the wood, I observing to Mr. Carr that we should find them engaged on our return. We stayed in the wood some ten minutes, and on leaving it we saw the hares still in desperate battle. They had moved along the hill side, and the grass was strongly marked with their down for a space of twenty yards. At last one of the sylvan warriors fell on its side, and never got upon its legs again. Its antagonist then retreated for a yard or so, stood still for a minute as if in contemplation, and then rushed vengefully on the fallen foe. This retreat and advance was performed many times ; the conqueror striking its prostrate adversary with its fore feet, and clawing off great quantities of down with them. In the meantime the vanquished hare rolled over and over again, but could not recover the use of its legs, although it made several attempts to do so. Its movemements put you in mind of a drunken man trying to get up from the floor after a bard night in the alehouse. It now lay still on the ground effectually subdued, while the other continued its attacks upon it with the fury of a little demon. Seeing that the fight was over, we approached the scene of action—the conqueror retiring as we drew near. I took up the fallen combatant just as it was breathing its last. Both its sides had been completely bared of fur, and large patches of down had been torn from its back and belly. It was a well-conditioned buck hare, weighing, I should suppose, from seven to eight pounds.— Waterton's Essays on Natural History. Burnt or TWINS AT SEA.—On Monday afternoon the steam-ship Royal Adelaide, Captain Allison, arrived at St. Katherine's steam-packet wharf, London, from Leith. During her passage she unexpectedly received an accession to the number of her passengers. Whilst beta een Flainborough-head and the Dudgeon, Mrs. Currie, a second-cabin passenger, was suddenly taken ill. Fortunately there happened to be a medical gentleman (Mr. M‘Leish) among the cabin passengers, who, on being informed of Mrs. Currie's indisposition, instantly ten dered his assistance, and in less than half an hour after wards communicated the result of his labours—Mrs. Currie's safe delivery of female twins. Mrs. Currie was proceeding from Leith to London to join her husband, who is a respectable tradesman. He was waiting his wife's arrival on the St. Katherine's-wharf, but not eb- serving her among the passengers on deck, he made in quiries of Mr. M'Callum, the steward of the second ca bin, if she was on board. He received an answer in the affirmative, and, moreover, that she had brought to him two presents, but that neither Mrs. Currie nor they could be handed over for at least a day. He looked unutter able things, and exclaimed, " Has she been seized with smuggled whisky ?" "No, not exactly so," replied Mr M'Callum ' • " you'd better come down and see." husband did so, and found his better half with two beam tiful babes lying beside her. His surprise may be easily imagined. On Tuesday afternoon the mother and in fants left the Royal Adelaide, where every kindness and attention was paid them by Captain Allison and others on board, for Colnbrook, near Windsor, in a private carriage and pair, accompanied by the husband and Mr. Warwick, the obliging steward of the first cabin, and arrived safely at their destination the same evening. We understand the twins are to be baptized respectively " Adelaide" and " Allison," the former being the name of the ship, and the lstter that of her kind and attentive commander.— Caledonian:Mercury. THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, AUGUST 1844. COURT CIRCULAh. WINDSOR, WEDNESDAY. - The ceremony of churching the Queen took place this morning in the Private Chapel of the Castle, the Hon. and Rev. C. Leslie Courtenay officiating. His Royal Highness Prince Albert attended the ceremony. The Queen and Prince Albert walked on the Ter race and in the pleasure-grounds adjacent to the Castle this morning ; a garden-chair was taken for her Ma jesty's use when required. His Excellency Coiint Bjornstjerna, the Swedish Minister, arrived to-day, and had an audience of Prince Albert. His Excellency afterwards took his departure for town. The Judge-Advocate-General arrived at the Castle in the forenoon, and had an audience of the Queen, to submit to her Majesty the proceedings of some Courts-martial. The Queen took an airing in the afternoon in a pony phaeton, Prince Albert driving. The Hon. Co lonel Grey attended on h orse b ac k. .... ... The Royal Famil y were taken their usual pony airings this morning in the grounds about the Castle, and were taken out in a carriage this afternoon. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent is ex pected to dine at the Castle this eYening. Count Bjornstjerna, the Swedish Minister, left town yesterday morning for Windsor Castle. His Excellency returned to his residence in Mount-street in the evening. Dispatches from Sir Robert Wilson, Governor of Gibraltar, were received yesterday at the Colonial office. Dispatches for Sir R. Wilson, at Gibraltar, were sent off last evening from the Colonial-office. FASHIONABLE INTELLIGENCE. ARRIVALS. Earl and Countess Ducie and family, in Halkin-street Belgrave- square ; W. Butterworth Bayly, Esq., at the Burlington Hotel, Cork-street ; Dundas, Esq., at ditto ; Lamont, Esq., at ditto ; the Hon. Capt. Cecil Forester, Royal Horse Guards Blue, at Lord Forester's, Charles -street, Berkeley-square, from the Cavalry Bar racks, at Windsor. DEPARTURES. The Duke and Duchess of Argyll and Lady Emma Campbell, from Connaught-place West, for Ardencaple Castle, N. 8., and thence to Inverary Castle ; Arthur Webster, Esq., from the Burlington Hotel, Cork-street ; Lady and Miss Robinson, for Swanage, Dorset • Mr. Morrison, M.P., fr o m H a rl e y- s t re et, f o r Wilts ; dolonel Smith, Royal Horse Guards Blue, on a visit to the Duke and Duchess of Richmond, at Gordon Castle, N.B. ; Ricardo, Esq., for the north ; the Rev. J. M. Cooper, Mrs. Cooper, and family, from the Waterloo Hotel, for Leicester ; J. H. Marvin, Esq., and Mrs. Marvin, from ditto, for ditto. CHANGES. The Marquis and Marchioness of Douglas and suite, at Brodick Castle, Isle of Arran, from Leamington Spa ; Sir Digby and Lady Mackworth, from Bath, on a tour ; Sir W. M. Stanley, Bart., at his shooting quarters, Glen shiero, Inverness-shire, from Hooton Hall, Cheshire ; the Brazilian Minister and Madame Lisboa, from the York House Hotel, Bath, on a tour ; Sir Richard Sut ton, Bart., on the Moors of Killin, from his seat in Derbyshire ; Lord Ossulston, at the Earl of Malmes bury's shooting-quarters, in Inverness-shire, from the south ; Lady Noel Byron, from Clifton Hot Wells, on a tour ; Lord and Lady Villiers, from the Baths of Ems, on a visit to Prince and Princess Nicholas Esterhazy, at Vienna ; the Rev. Sir Cecil and Lady Bishopp, at Malta, from a tour ; Colonel Richardson, Royal Horse Guards Blue, on a visit to the Duke and Duchess of Richmond, at Gordon Castle, N. 8., from the south ; Hon. Burrell, from Bath, on a tour. UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE. UNIVERSITY OF LONDON. MATRICULATION—EXAMINATION FOR HONOURS. (The names are arranged in the order of proficiency.) MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. Edwards, William Finch (Exhibition),King's College. Rosher, Henry Gladdish, University College. Porter, George, Stonyhurst College. Halley, Robert, Manchester New College. CHEMISTRY. Habershon, S. 0. (Prize of Books), King's College. Statham, Sherard Freeman, University College. Reid, John, King's College. Bridgwater, Thomas, King's College. Hugo, Charles Sayer, Private Tuition. Manley, John, King's College. Skinner, George Robert, King's College. ZOOLOGY. Reid, John (Prize of Books), King's College. CLASSICS. Greenwood, George, King's College. Edwards, 'William Finch, King's College. Jackson, Edward Steane, University College. Rees, John Charles, St. Edmund's, Ware. BACHELOR OF MEDICINE.—FIR 3T EXA MINATION. EXAMINATION FOR HONOURS. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. Cadge, William (Exhibition and Gold Medal), Uni versity College. Copeman, Arthur Charles (Gold Medal), King's College. Hicks, John Braxton, Guy's Hospital. Fotherby, Henry Isaac, Guy's Hospital. Greenwood, William Henry, Guy's Hospital- Elam, Charles, Leeds School of Medicine. Ody, John, King's College. Duncan, Peter Martin, King's College. CHEMISTRY. Grimsdale, T. F. (Exhibition and Gold Medal), University College. Ody, John (Gold Medal), King's College. Greenwood, William Henry, Guy's Hospital. Copeman, Arthur Charles, King's College. Matthew, Charles Reeve, University College. Hicks, John Braxton, Guy's Hospital. MATERIA MEDICA AND PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY. Hicks, J. Braxton (Exhibition and Gold Medal), Guy's Hospital. Greenwood, William Henry (Gold Medal), Guy's Hospital. Fotherby, Henry Isaac, Guy's Hospital. MELBOURNE--PORT --- PHILIP. We give th e f o ll owing letter, as a cur i os ity, f rom the Edinburgh Ad vertiser. Th e cry o f r e p ea l i s heard on the opposite side of the globe. Poor Eng land ! Even the convicts of Botany Bay cry out for repeal : " Melbourne, Port Philip, " 27th March, 1844. " This colony, I hope, is rising again. The boil ing or rather steaming down cattle and sheep is be coming quite a business, and the tallow, I hear, is beautifully white and hard. There are now three or four large establishments formed for the purpose below this town on the banks of the Yarra, some of which boil down two or three hundred sheep every day. The legs are either sold fresh at 6d. each, or are salted and cured. This makes a sheep worth much more than it used to be; and I really believe the average value nqw is about from 65. 6d. to 7s. each. " They are also commencing to boil down cattle, Which will Pay the se ttl er muc h b e tt er th an a t th e prices the b u t c h ers at present give. The process is simple, but the stench is dreadful. Pigs are fed with the offal—which makes no difference to me—not being a pork eater—but I don't envy those who do eat such meat. ~ There has ex ported this season veryooi hmuchhas been l a r ge earlier been a great amount of tallow people say enou g h :and next year the quantity will be. ' sup e pl h y av o e f likewise exported this ierdispatchedthis year a very Mimosa saas o b n ar , k b — ut so growersl think to is glut not qu it e e te h u o p m t e o market. the m aru T ; h a e s large quality I rather the the wool obliged to hurry the b e ing so short of cash, have been might obtain the adva m o 'a o shing and shearing that they few persons "buy out" tei; I may explain to you that and banks, instead, advan ce e wool here—the merchants per lb. to the grower, a n d a certain sum, say 10d. from home, the settler receives any thi ng th a t may b e over the 10d., after deduc t ing broker, expenses and the corn bring the said 10 d., then the. If the wool does not bring has to make up the difference. I believe, s however, that this year only 9d. has been advanced, and the settler will, therefore, most likely have to receive. "The people of Port phiiip_avi are loudly crying out for ' separation' — the Go vernor h t re asury of 2 0 , 000 L —the fac t is, just drained this is, that almost all the revenue of Port Philip i s c s r pent in Sydney, and I rea lly cannot wonder at the Port Philip, strange to say, was made in Sir Geo rg e . Gipp's time, and yet he treats it as a changelin g . C4A good deal has been said lately about the desir ableness of making this the ce ntral depot for the troops quartered in the3e coloi e . It seems rather a good idea, for it would be very of men here a t a moment's notice to t hrow easyto have a body into either o f the older colonies. I cannot say that I should fancy Van Diemen 's Land much as a place to live in -of now. The en ormous num berconvicts at present at lame on wages is rather fearful, and robberies, &c., are becoming very frequent. It • men have broken out from a stock is d reported that 400 aeand are in pos session of a road, and that the mi litary are in full march to oppose them—also that the Government i vessel (a large brig) has been seized by sixty convicts, who have obliged the master to stand off with them for some place as yet unknown to the authorities : how ever, we have no correct tidings yet of all this." The was driving f rom t h e station after the A SECRET AT TAr .—FOLKSTO NE .—O n M on d a y evening as Mr. B roderick, su perintendent of the com pany's fellow, who had se creted himself u nder the trammed ar c h l ea di ng t o th e 13 9 a .rit s r o a r ri n i i , b a u d se g s' one down, North Foreland, threw a brick, which struck Mr. Bro derick on the loins with such force as nearly to knock him off the box, and severely injured him. The proba bility seem s that the attack was mad e by some disap pointedted va gabond to revenge himself for some grievance, an d i t is supposed mistook the party. If discovered, suc h ruffianly and Immanly eonduct merits a severe punishment,—..Maidsteno Gazette. - --- "71l / r - i ELEMENTS AND DISCOVERY OF THE WEATHER CYCLES. Since our last notice of this important discovery, published in The Sun of the 15th instant, a great sensation has taken place with respect to it in the metropolis ; and it is gratifying to perceive that Mr. White, Secretary to the Meteorological Society of Great Britain, has taken up the subject, and that it is now in the course of illustration by that gentleman in the Lecture-rooms of the Adelaide Gallery, an ex ample which is likely to be followed by other scientific and literary institutions throughout the country. Last week, in the course of one of his lectures upon " Physical Astronomy," Mr. White took a compre hensive view of the different theories of the almanac makers, from the first imaginings of Francis Moore to Mr. Murphy ; and after pointing out to' his auditors the inconsistencies in the speculations of these writers —with many more, such as Messrs. Legh, Richard son (Mercurius), &c., &c., who all differ one from the other—he proceeded to enlarge upon the recent expli cations on the law or origin of storms, and to account for the occurrence of violent atmospheric phenomena in certain or in different latitudes of the earth; upon which, we believe, Mr. White expects, in the progress of more extended and correct observation, to harmo nize the'conflicting theories of this hitherto irrecon cilable topic of speculation. Mr. White then at once introduced to the assembly the " Cycle of the Weather," as a system altogether separate and distinct from all that preceded it. The author of this discovery he described as a solitary individual, now in advanced years, who formed a sys tem of observation and induction, without recourse to, or dependence on, any ancient or modern mode of computation. After devoting nearly half a century to the study and prosecution of his own peculiar sys tem, Mr. Mackenzie came before the world with re corded daily observations on the weather, from his own band, upon which he founded his " Cycles of the Winds, Weather, and Prices of Corn "—a system, the truth and value of which, from its continuity, there can exist no doubt whatever, and which, when brought into familiar observation and practical application, will confer greater benefits on mankind than all the theories that ever were propounded on this highly interesting, all-important, and indeed wonderful dis covery. In the course of the present and next week, Mr. White proposes to go more fully into the subject of the " Weather Cycle," and to explain the fundamental principles of the system, by a magnified diagram of the circles of comminuted and compressed seasons, with the effect of these seasons on the produce and prices of corn, for a period of fifty-four years, be ginning with 1801, and ending with 1854. As soon as these lectures are delivered, we will endeavour to find space for a condensed notice of them for the public benefit, being already satisfied, from the numerous extracts of our former article in the provincial papers, that great anxiety prevails throughout the country on this important subject. FRATRICIDE. A cottage in Weavering-street, near Maidstone, was inhabited by an aged widow, named Weeks, her daugh ter, and two sons, John and Edward. The former son was a drunken and ferocious man, about 30 years of age, and the other of a more steady and mild disposition, three or four years younger, who has lately been work ing for the neighbouring farmers. On Saturday night Edward, having purchased some provisions at Maidstone, returned home with his mother and sister, and went to bed, perfectly sober, at about ten o'clock. The two bro thers usually slept together, and John came home drunk at about one or two o'clock ,on Sunday morning, quarrel some and abusive, threw himself on the bed with his clothes on, awoke his brother, and even alarmed the neighbours by shouting and abusing Edward, whom he tried to provoke in every possible way. John went down stairs once or twice after this, still continuing his abuse, and preventing Edward from going to sleep. The sister, fearing that some mischief would be done, pro cured a light, partly dressed herself, and went down stairs. John having again laid down and continued to incense his brother, the latter, who it appears had hi therto done everything he possibly could to avoid a quarrel, at length rose, put on a part of his clothes, and went down stairs, saying, " Well, if you've a mind for a . row, come down stairs and have it." John directly fol lowed him down, and having got into the kitchen, Ed ward turned round and met him with a view to a fight. Scarcely had he done so, when he felt a knife enter the lower part of the abdomen, and cried out that he was killed. He seized the hand of John, and held it whilst the sister wrenched the knife from him, cutting her own hand in the act. Edward then exclaimed," Oh, you rascal, you have killed me—l shall die, I shall die,"and having reached the outside of the door, he fell from exhaustion. John replied, " Serve you right, you deserved it;" but went to the next cottage and called up a labourer named Good • yer, telling him that he was afraid he had killed his brother. John then got Edward some water, and Good yer ran for Mr. Power, a surgeon, who promptly arrivd, and at once declared that there was scarcely a chance of the wounded man's recovery, as the bowels protruded, and it was feared that the knife had entered the bladder. Every available remedy was, however, resorted to, and Mr. Power and his assistant, Mr. Jones, visited him several times during the day, the latter part of which he appeared to be in most dreadful agony. The brother John, after waiting till about the period when Mr. Power arrived, was, strange as it may appear, permitted to pack up his clothes in a basket, and to go at large. He called on a person at Gid's-pond at about six o'clock in the morning, and as his person is well-known to the police, there is little doubt that he will soon be appre hended. One of his hands, it is believed the right one, was cut. Mr. Merrill, the constable of Boxley, was on Sunday and yesterday actively engaged in endea vouring to trace out the offender, but unfortunately with out success. It appears that he left the house at about the time when Mr. Power arrived, and went up the street. When he returned he asked anxiously for the knife, and Goodyer told him that he had thrown it away and it is now in his sister's possession. It is a common sharp-pointed pocket-knife, the blade being about four inches long. The unfortunate victim has frequently expressed a wish that his " poor brother " should not be hurt.—Ma idstone Gazette. CHISWICK FAlR.—After a lapse of about 20 years Chiswick fair has this year been revived, yesterday con cluding its three successful days. The above fair, which was formerly one of the neatest and most picturesque of the suburban fairs, was suppressed about the same time that the well-known " Brook-green fair" was put a stop to, in consequence of the renewal at that fair of the atro cities which made " West-end fair" so notorious. The fair used formerly to be held in the village of Chiswick, but this year it has been held on .a large meadow in the occupation of Mr. Burford, the landlord of the Duke of York public-house, Chiswick New Town. It is situated on the left of the lane leading by the four-and-a-half mile-stone from town to Chiswick, close to the Great Western-road. The attendance of shows, booths, stalls, swings, and the other usual melange of a fair was most numerous. Amongst them was the Crown and Anchor booth, Clark's Circus, Honess's Pavilion, &c. &c. Throughout the three days the fair was crowded by re spectable persons from the metropolis and neighbouring villages, and we have not heard of either an accident or robbery having taken place. AN UNEXPECTED LOAD.--It is the custom on the coast of Normandy, near Caen, to raise the sea-weed from the shore to the' - land by means of a crane, with ropes and pulleys to haul up the baskets filled with it by persons from below. The Journal de Caen relates that a few days ago some men thus employed at Benou ville, near that town, found that there was at the end of their line a much greater weight than usual, and were terror-struck when at last they found not a load of weed, but the wife of one of them. In a very few minutes she was safely placed on terra firma, and able to relate that when the men above began to haul, the hook caught her petticoats, instead of the basket, and she became unable to release herself. Preserving her presence of mind, she caught the rope with her hands, and, though big with child, held a firm grasp, keeping herself from striking the abutments of the cliff with her feet, and thus made her ascent to upwards of 200 yards above the sea, without any material injury. SUlClDE.—Yesterday Mr. Wakley, M.P., held an inquest at the Middlesex Hospital on the body of Anne Baker, aged 60, wife of Mr. Baker, shoemaker, 16, Great St. James-street, Lisson-grove. From the evi dence of Messrs. Batteley and Bishop, house-surgeons of the hospital, and several other witnesses, it appeared that the deceased had for years, and especially daring the last six months, suffered greatly from a pain in her head. About nine o'clock last Sunday night she put a baby she was nursing to bed, and, taking the candle, went to the attic, where a window opened upon the roof, which she ascended, and, passing to the adjoining one, flung herself over the parapet wall into the street. In her descent she fractured the sternum and both arms, broke several ribs, and ruptured the liver. Her body was otherwise frightfully mangled. She was brought to the hespital, when she almost instantly expired. The jury returned a verdict " that the deceased had destroyed herself, but that there was no evidence of her state of mind when she did do." EXTENSIVE ROBBERY AT THE ROYAL ARSENAL, WOOLwlCH.—During the last few days the authorities at the Royal Arsenal, at Woolwich, have discovered that an extensive system of plunder has been carried on in that establishment. It is known that nineteen brass guns, of the average weight of about 2i cwt., and of considerable value, have been abstracted from the works, and under such circumstances as will, in all probability, involve a great number of persons connected with that extensive military establishment. On Wednesday last Sir J. W ebb, K.C.8., and Captain Fead, R.N., two of the county ma gistrates, sat for the purpose of inquiring into the cir cumstances, when, after a long deliberation, they re ferred the matter to Mr. J. Watts, the High Constable of Woolwich, and Samuel Watts, a most indefatigable parochial officer. We understand that the police have in their custody two individuals in reference to this matter. THE HOUSEHOLD INFANTRY. —The undermen tioned change of quarters will take place on the 30th inst., viz. :—The first battalion of the Grenadier Regi ,tlent of Foot Guards, from Wincheater to Portman street barracks ; the second battalion, from St. George's barracks to Winchester ; and the third battalion, from St. John's-wood barracks to Wellington barracks. Also the first battalion of the Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards, from Portman-street barracks to the Tower of London ; and the second battalion, from Wellington barracks to St. George's barracks ; and the first batta lion of the Scots Fusilier Regiment of FaotGuards, f rom th e Tower of London to W in ds or ; and tile second bat talion, from Windsor to St, John's-wood barracks, ~, ELECTROTYPE, CALOTYPE, DAGUERREOTYPE. Mr. Vaughan Palmer, electrotypist to the Poly technic Institution and the Art-Union, has just pub blished a small volume, descriptive of the three valu able applications of modern science to the arts, of which the titles are prefixed to these remarks. He clearly details all the processes and the materials em ployed, so that, with ordinary attention, the reader may be enabled to exercise, for his profit and amuse• ment, each of those important arts. Perhaps ver3 few are aware of their whole importance—for instance, that of electrotype. It may be appreciated from one example, thus :—Suppose an engraved plate, executed by one of our first engravers, should be given into hands of another equally skilful, with directions to engrave a similar plate, mathematically correct, line for line, point for point, each to be of the same abso lute length, breadth, and thickness, such a command. we know at once, if even a whole life were to be devoted to the task, could not be complied with. But there is not a touch of the graver, no flower of the hedge or meadow, nor cultivated ornament of the garden, whose intricacies of form are not transferable to met& by this interesting process. As a mode by which any number of duplicate plates may be obtained with unerring certainty, it is a subject of deep interest to the lovers of the fine arts, and espe cially to the societies denominated Art-Unions, which could not by any possibility supply, through any other means.(as does the London Art- Union), so many as 12,000 Copies of the same plate, all equal to proof ! The electrotyped plants, flowers, fruits, and i nsec t s , deposited by Mr. CJX and Captain Ibbotson, in the theatre of the Polytechnic Institution, are ,eautiful specimens, which cannot be beheld without admiration. The calotype, for transferring pictorial objects to paper, is next described in a brief but satisfactory manner. Mr. Talbot, the inventor, has changed the name to a compound from his own, and now calls the art the " Talbotype." He certainly seems to have more right to do so than M. Daguerre can claim (as Mr. Palmer shows) to call the photogra phic, or light-delineating, art, in its present perfec tion, after his name. The little work of Mr. Palmer places the question as regards the claims of Mr. Beard, of the Polytechnic Institution, who holds the English patent, in a light in which they are not ge nerally understood, and shows that M. Daguerr6, notwithstanding all his honours and rewards, has after all done no more than assist in promoting the art a step beyond the advance at which he found it. In 1802 Sir H. Davy and Mr. Wedgwood made ex periments in photography, but could not fix the pie tures they obtained. In 1814 M. Niepce, of Chalons, took up the subject, and made considerable progress. Subsequently . he and M. Daguerre, who had been some time similarly engaged, united their labours, which led to the beautiful discovery, " absurdly," says Mr. Palmer," called the Daguerreotype." The author tells us that Daguerre was not very successful in taking portraits from life, in consequence of the tediousness of the process, and the necessity for the sitter to be fixed for a long time in one position, with one expression, and without moving a muscle. The first next step towards the practicability of taking portraits from life, by the agency of light, was made by Mr. Woolcott, an American. But it was not until Mr. Beard, assisted by Mr. Goddard, expended large sums of money and much time in endeavouring to make his patent under Daguerre practically available, that the art was brought to its present state of perfection, beauty, and facility. Those exquisite specimens of Mr. Beard's skill, with which the public are now fa miliar, are produced in a few seconds. The original process of Daguerre required hours of irksome sitting for an imperfect production. The pamphlet says nothing of Mr. Beard's last improvement as to giving colours to his portraits, which seems to be a great omission. Yet, if the author had gone much further in his details, we could not, as the interest of the sub ject has drawn out these remarks already to a great length. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.--WOOLWICII, AUG. 28. The Black Eagle steam-vessel, Master-Commander S. B. - Cook, left Woolwich yesterday for Portsmouth. The name of the vessel built under the title of the Infernal has been changed to Eclair, and she has been commis sioned by Commander W. G. B. Estcourt, and the fol lowing officers have beee appointed to her :—Lieutenant P. A. Halket; master, H. D. Burney; paymaster and purser, T. R. Hallett; gunner, William Hust; boatswain, John Warren; acting carpenter, Evan Crowther; and master's assistant, John Gowan. The Volcano steam - vessel, Captain Sir William Dickson, is expected at Woolwich from the coast of Ireland to have her defects made good. The Princess Alice steam-vessel, Master- Commander L. Smithett, arrived at Woolwich on Sunday from Dover, and will leave early next week for Ports mouth to join the Royal squadron. HARBOUR DUES.—A return being required in pursuance of an address of the House of Commons to her Majesty for " a copy of the receipts of every harbour in the united kingdom for each of the last three years, stating the several heads of income, the authority by which the same are levied; and of the expenditure for each of the same years, stating the several heads of ex penditure, and the amount of each head in each of those years;" orders have been issued to the collectors and controllers at all the ports of the kingdom, in pursuance of directions to that effect from Sir James Graham, Secretary for the Home Department, to furnish a list of the several harbours in the United Kingdom to which the above address will apply, with the parties from whom the information called for by the House of Commons can be obtained with respect to each harbour (so far as they have the means of procuring this information), in order that measures may be taken for obtaining the re turn required. THE FIXING OF THE LONGITUDE.—The observa tions connected with this most interesting subject are proceeding with the greatest success at Valencia, in this county. The actual observations at Valencia are now conducted by Lieutenant GOssett, of the Royal En gineers, and it is gratifying to know that the scientific part of this most interesting and long-looked-for opera tion is conducted with the utmost diligence and accuracy. The greatest interest has been exercised in the adjoining country by these scientific operations, and numbers flock to the heights upon which they are conducted. Lieutenant Gossett entertained a select party of the neighbouring gentry on the 21st instaut, at a sumptuous banquet on the summit of his mountain, where there was supplied every luxury which could be furnished from the county, and from the cities of Limerick and Cork. This singular feast, at a height of nearly 900 feet above the level of the sea, created extraordinary interest, asso ciated as it was with the display of the magnificent, if not unequalled panorama of mountain scenery which is commanded from the position on which this astrono mical encampment is placed.—Kerry Evening Post. THE NEW BANE. CHARTER ACT.—In The Sun of yesterday the several clauses of the Bank Charter Act which will come into operation on Saturday next were mentioned. There are other provisions, which came into force on the 19th of July last, when the Act re ceived the Royal assent; and there are others to which future periods are fixed, so that the entire Act cannot be in actual motion until January next. By the 23d section it appears that there are forty-three bankers who have ceased to issue their own bank-notes mei( r certain agreements with the Bank of England, and it is provided that on the 31st of December next such bankers are to receive a composition by way of compensation, which is by the Act to continue until August, 1856, if not previously determined. In January in every year a return of the number of partners, &e., in every banking establishment is to be made to the Commissioners of Stamps, under a penalty of 501., and the Commissioners are required, on or before the Ist of March every year, to publish in some newspaper circulating within each town or county respectively, a copy of the return so made by every banker, company, or partnership carrying on the business of bankers, within such town or county , re spectively, as the case may be. NEW CARRIAGE OF GENERAL TOM THUMB.—The equipage of General Tom Thumb is unequalled in point of magnificence. It is the chariot style, and is made to correspond in size with the General. The body of the chariot is but twenty inches in height, and eleven inches in width. The arms are Britannia and Liberty, supported by the British lion and American eagle, sur mounted by the rising sun, with the British and Ame rican flags crossed. The motto, " Go-ahead." The carriage is by Mr. S. Beaton,.l6, Denmark-street, Soho. The harness, which is heavily mounted, and o f the most perfect finish, was manufactured by Mr. Filling ; ham, 278, Whitechapel, and 78, Fenchurch-street. The ponies are only twenty-eight inches in heig ht, and were purchased from Mr. Batty, of Astley's R o y al A theatre. The coachman and footma n, two ladsi are dressed in livery, appropriate to such magnificenta t ß u i r r n mi - o n u g t h . a n3T,h on n Monday equipage willaa next, e sentcan n o b t h e e seen General on s a a . t turday evening next, Aug. 31, at and Am phitheatre, in the course of the performances.eY's Royal pollicleYshTaEveßlfinucse DSulnsAdaryrElaAstßbAeNecnsmOoFst AsetLivAerylrengaTghe engaged avouarirnegoftothdeishciogvhearatthreearpeetcretaabtioliftya, lady aad w re h s ( i ) d se e in connexions ende in the neighbourhood is Mary are.The ag l lady had, ad yin , que stion, who Jackson , it appears, been for some time in a low, desponding state o f mind, and at the r ecommendation of Dr. Suth erland, ' s h e wa s, a short time since, placed under the care of Mr. South, No. 1, Alpha-road, Regent's-park. On the, morning of Sunday last, about a quarter past ten o'clock ,she was suddenly missed from the house, and all inquiry .as to whero she was gone has, up to the present time, been fruitless, beyond the fact, which has been ascer tained, that immediately on leaving the house she took the cab No. 1,000, in the Alpha-road, in which she was driven to the terminus of the Dover Railway, where she changed a Si. Bank of England note. She then, it is believed, drove away again in the same cab, but in e hat direction is not known. Great fears are, it is under stood, entertained by her relatives that she will commit suicide. GORDON CASTLE. —Since th e D u ke and Duchess of Richmond's arrival, his Grace has been entertaining a number of noble and distinguished friends. Among those at present enjoying the Noble Duke's hospitality are the Earl of Uxbridge, the Ladies Paget, Lord and Lady Templernore, Colonel Richardson and Colonel Smith of the Royal Horse Guards, Colonel Raton, Major Udny, Mr. Cox, of London, Mr. Baillie, Mr. Russell, Mr. Roby, Mr. Ricardo. Of his Grace's family. the Earl of Mardi, Wks Uoide Henry, Ak'xandaa! , - , Z- Geotge Lennox, the . Wks -Caroline, Anglian, Cecilia Lennox, are also at the - - EXPLOSION of an ENGINE BOILER Another of those terrific explosions which have of late disgraced this locality took place on Sunday night last at the colliery known by the name of the Deep Pit, and in the occupation of the Sheffield Coal Com pany. This pit is situate about two miles from the town, on the right side of the road to Eckington, and is one of those from which the colliers turned out a few months since. A number of the old hands in tended to go to work again at this pit, and it appears that a number of others were determined to pre vent it. It is supposed, therefore, that to carry this determination into effect, the destruction of the boiler and steam-engine was accord ingly resolved on. The pit was guarded by an old watchman, named William Prince, who, on the night of the explosion, evidently thought that the better part of valour was discretion, for on seeing some men pass the hut in which he was watching. about a quarter before eleven o'clock ou Sunday night, he remained perfectly quiet till the explosion was over, and the incendiaries had decamped. The boiler, which stands about three feet from the ground and 30 yards from the pit mouth, was raised on brick work, the base of the erection being about three feet in thickneis, gradually diminishing in an upward direction, till the upper part of it formed a cap of only one brick thick. This brickwork was about 60 feet in circumference at the base, and with the boiler would consequently be about seven yards in diameter, presenting a degree of solidity that no ordinary power could shake. The explosion was heard many miles off, in the direction of Eckington, the wind at the time being in the west. On this occa sion the chief movers in the act have been caught in their own trap; for, not being aware that the embers under the boiler where then smouldering, they intro duced the cask of gunpowder, and by some means it ignited while they were close to the door of the flue. '['he effect on one misguided man named Bolden was terrific. He reached the door of his sister, who keeps the Norfolk Arms at the Manor, about twelve o'clock, and who but from his voice and dress would not have known him. His face and hands presented a spectacle truly pitiable to behold. The face was like one large black cinder, time hair entirely singed from off the head, and the eyes, though not lost, fearfully swollen and burnt round the lids. Both hands were in a similar state, and the left side was also much injured. How he got to his sister's house, is a mystery; but the probability is, that some of his less injured companions assisted him to the door, and then left him, that they themselves might not be recognised. Surgical assistance was obtained as speedily as possible, and every means adopted to relieve his sufferings, which must have been excru ciating. On being let into the house, he merely observed that he was dying, and immediately after wards became almost speechless, only articulating at times something that could not be understood. Information having reached the police, one of the officers was left to take the legal charge of the unhappy man, till further steps was resolved upon. Portions of hats, caps, and coats were found near the boiler, all much burnt by gunpowder. Parts of some wooden hoops and staves were also found, indicating sufficient to prove that the cask containing the gunpowder was capable of holding about fifty pounds. The state of the hats and caps were also enough to show that the heads that wore them are in no enviable con dition. The whole of the metal work surrounding the stove door was forced away, and more or less broken. The fire grate was much damaged, and the stone plate shattered. A poker, nearly an inch thick, which had apparently been used to force the barrel of gunpowder under the boiler was broken off, about two feet from the lower end. The steam chest whichwas about ten yards from the boiler, but connected by an iron tube, was also forced off, and the boiler itself had been driven six inches from its original position. A frag ment of one of the caps that had been blown off by the explosion was picked up about 50 yards distant from it. A brick wall, directly facing the flue door, was partly knocked down, and the roof of a small shed adjoining nearly carried away. The chimney connected with the boiler was slightly shaken, and in deed the whole of the works surrounding it partook of the Violent . effects of the explosion. Boulden is about 28 years of age, and it is said that his father, who was a collier, once received a similar injury from an accident.—Sheffield Iris. ARMY AND PRIZE MONEY.—By an account just issued, it appears that the balance of unclaimed prize money is 18,7151. 10s, Old., with the following memo randum attached :—" Although the balance upon the account appears to be as above stated, yet there is, in the Three per Cent. Consols, 100,0001. stock, and in the Bank of England, to the account of the Paymaster- General, 15,6381. 17s. 9d., which arises from the invest ments having been made in the earlier periods, when the funds were very low, and from the amount sold thereout from time to time having been when the prices of stock were considerably higher ; thus accounting for the difference between the balance as stated and the pre sent amount of the army prize fund in the Three per Cent. Consols, and the money of the Bank of England." HEALIII OF SIR WM. FOLLETT.—We are happy to learn from the very best authority, that our distin guished and valued representative, Sir W. W. Follett, has, since his departure for the Continent, considerably improved in health.— Western Luminary. OFFICIAL RESIDENCES AND ALLOWANCES--The Commissioners of the Customs have issued directions to the collectors and controllers at the several ports of the kingdom, to prepare and transmit with the least possible delay, the following return, so far as the same relates to their respective ports, viz.—a returß of all public officers who are in the enjoyment, at the public expense, of re sidences detached from their respective offices, or who are in the receipt of allowances in lieu of official resi dences, specifying their respective names and official de signations, and the amount of the allowance in each case. THE SUSPENSION FOOT-BRIDGE AT EIUNGERFORD. —The second suspending•chain has been carried over the river, and yesterday workmen commenced levelling the points on each side preparatory to proceeding t o hang the footway. The work, however, will yet occ u p y at least two months. A portion of the work is carried on in apparently a dangerous manner, the iron cables being for a considerable distance out of reach, and the workmen have to walk at a dizzy height above the water solely on the suspending-chains. This has hi therto been accomplished with great fearlessness and safety, although the chains are on a slope. THE MOORS.—The grouse on the Muirkirk moors have been more plentiful this year than usual, but very wild ; yet good guns have averaged about ten brace each. On Cairntable moors, being the highest in Ayr shire, one old gentleman, nearly seventy years of age, and who has now shot on fifty twelfths of August, bagged twelve brace ; and on the same moors the crack shot in that quarter killed his sixteen brace. The last is the greatest number that we have heard of being killed by one gun in Ayrshire this season.—Correspondent of the Ayr Observer. PREPARATIONS Tort WAR (?)—Frequent commu nications are being made by the Government to the several departments at this port, on the subject of the store and state of the materials necessary in case of any emergency which may require sudden equipment. Orders have been issued for the entry of seamen for general service, a step only taken in the expectation of more than the ordinary demand. One hundred able seamen are also ordered to be entered in the dock-yard, as labourers, at 2s. 6d. per diem ; petty officers to act as leading men, at 3s. 6d. per day. They are to be entered on the express understanding that they are to join any ship when required, and at a moment's notice. This is in accordance with a plan suggested by Sir Charles Napier, in the House of Commons, but one not likely to be very successful—good seamen will scarcely be found willing to take the labourer's broom ; and indifferent characters may at most times be had without forming any such nursery. It is to be regrett ed also that the Go vernment should feel it necessary , as a matt e r of eco nomy, we suppose, to discharge labourers to make room for the increase to the number of seamen employed. Seventy-five of the former are ordered to be dismissed as seamen offer fur entry. Many of these men have been in the dockyard for several years, and very naturally an ticipated being eventually placed on the establishment-- Deno/teal t Telegraph. PROBABLE DURATION OF THE SUPPLY OF COAL IN GREAT BRlTAlN.—Although the present known coal fields of Great Britain contain, perhaps, sufficient coal to supply her wants for 2,000 or 3,000 years to come, it is a very erroneous basis of calculation to assume that the w hole is at our disposal. Under the pre sen t system, i s a loss of 36i p er cent. T he erto geologists, with out a ll ow i ng f or the finest description of coal of th e nort h ern f i eld, th most incorrect practical cunclu il waste,we even, no, wouldf i nt theoretical e its loe rae e dt te t oa r al the ct g i o e n o 1 , our e a ffi r d e n i e e n r , t f a o n r d 1 o s t o h o e r or would m sio a n k s e : years, Professor Sedgwick and Dr. B uckland, allowing for loss in working, calculated from practical experience, are convinced that 400 years will leave little more than the name of our best seams. Of forty-five feet of coal in a section of all the coal strata, in one of the best pits of the Tyne, not thirty feet are workable. In the north, coal cannot be extracted at a profit, if less than two feet eight inches. In the western part of Wall's End, the Bensham seam is considered unworkable at two feet ten inches, though there are times when it is worked at twenty inches. The thinnest seam worked in Yorkshire is thirteen inches, in North Lancashire twenty inches, in the Northumberland and Durham districts two feet six inches, and in St. Lawrence two feet nine inches. Most of the thin seams above are worked for local con sumption, and cannot bear the expense of transit and competition for manufacturing and commercial purposes. Already the Tyne portion of the northern coal field begins to feel the difficulties of exhaustion in the finer description of coal ; and that of the Wear and Tees (less worked than it) has the advantage, in commercial competition, of from nine to ten per cent in price. Mining Journal. Hors.—The first pocket of hops of the growth of the present year was yesterday consigned to Messrs. Horton and Hart, High-street, Borough, for sale. It has realised et 128. per cwt. It was from Birling, in Mid-Kent. " MORE LIONOTJRED IN THE BREACH THAN rfl THE OBSERVANCE." — The papers have been talking about the breach of faith the French committed by firing _anglers. against T This is the only breach, at all events, their tiring made.—Puneh. FREE TRADE —For the last few days excellent Aliericso beef and pork have been selling in this town aiongtail at 3d. per pennd. This is pro of th e m a ny benefits of free trade,—Afona'i lierald, ~~ %