The Sun. — London, England, 1821-10-10 00:00:00

~ 4 1 d1 144f i ‘l l A" - "A 4 • i''' ' 0: /./.. ,‘-. NUMBER 9087.] V• • WILLIAM HETHERINGTON'S 4RITY - TO THE BLIND: • Christ's Hospital, Oct. 2, 1821. S I TITER EA S 'the above-named Gentleman _ . in his lifetime enabled the Governors of this Hospital to pay Annuities of Ten Pounds to each of FIFTY BLIND PERSONS, in the hope that his example would be followed by other benevolent characters. The Governors give this public notice that, from the very munificent additions made to Mr. fretherington's original fund, more than 500 blind persons are in the receiptof these Annuities. A Committee will sit in the Counting House of the said Hos pital some time in the month of November next, to fill up such vacanc?s - as may then -have occurred Since the Election in November last. Petit s t are to be had at the Counting House aforesaid from the 7th day of October to the 3rd day of Novernber annually be tween the hours of Ten and Four (holidays excepted) for any blind persons _duly qualified, upon the personal application of a friend.° The leading qualifications are hereunder stated, and unless ..the partieS can respectively prove themselves to be strictly with in the same, applications on their behalf will be entirely fruit less, via.:— Birth in that part of the United Kingdom called England exclusive of Wales and the Town of Berwick Upon, Tweed, Age Fifty years and upwards. Total Blindness for the space of the last three years. Residence the last three years at least in their present place of abode or parish. Income (if any) to be under the yearly value of twenty pounds. Those who have ever begged, received alms, or are deemed objects for parish relief, are excluded from the benefit of these Charities, the Donors having expressly declared the same tor such only as have been respectably brought up, and who want some addition• to make life more comfortable under their finis. fortune-.of blindness. THOMAS IVILBY, Clerk. • From the great extent of thi s Charity, it is found imprac ticable attend. to Letters. Tills Day was published, price 7s. in boards, The Second Edition, with additions, of PECIMENS of the RUSSIAN POETS ; KY translated by JOHN BOWRING, F.L.S. With preli rnioary Iteuiarks and Biographieal Notices. Printed for R. Minter, No. 72, St. Paul's Chuteliyard, and A. Constable and Co. Edinburgh. " This Work is a very interesting Volume; not only from its entire novelty of subject, but on account of its real and int rinsic:nierit: It warns our hearts—critics as we are—to think that such poetry as this should find its way into the cottages of the Russian peasantry, illuminating them, is it cannot fail to do, with the rays of pleasure and coutent."— (London Magazine, March, 1821.) , FOR'THE,SUN. ME TEMPSYCHOSIS. Mr. EDITOR,—The Pythagorean doctrine of Metempsychosis hat been deservedly ridiculed, as 'absur and unphilosophical. It is indeed difficult to conceive bow a man endowed with so much genius, and so much sagacity, as Pytha •goras, could have adopted and promulgated an opinion so con trary to common sense, as that of the transmigration of souls. That he should haVe been made acquainted with it by the Gymno aophists of India, amongst whom it prevailed, seems highly pro bable, and it is even possible that he employed Some expres sior:.s, in the lessonS he gaire to his disciples, from which it was inferred that he had become a convert to that belief. It must be remembered, however, that all the knowledge we possess concerning the Sage of, Samos, is derived from the writings of his disciPles only, who are allowed to have, in many instances, disfigured the doctrine of their Master. May we not, there fore, surmise, that they have done so upon this particular point? Few of the, philosophers of antiquity possessed a mind more sagacious, more penetration, than - Pythagoras, and none de lighted more in the investigation of nature. The proCess of decay and reproduction which is constantly in action, and the consequent circulation of every particle of matter, cannot, there fore, have escaped his observation, and it seems more probable it was this process he designated under the name of transmigra tion, than.to imagine Pythagoras capable of a monstrous ab surdity. This constant circulation of each particle of matter, and its reproduction under different forms or modifications, is indeed well worthy the attention of the philosophic mind. That it does exist in nature, is almost a self, evident truth, and the necessity of its'existence is easily demonstrated. The world was created by . a superior Being, for the purpose of enduring a certain penod of time. It was formed of elements few in num ber, because Omnipotence needs not many tools to accomplish itspurposes . , but capable of being modified into an almost endless variety of forms, nature, &c. because the wisdom of the Creator is no less infinite than his power. Every substance that exists, therefore, either in the • animal, the vegetable, or the mineral world, is formed, or exists, such as it is, in consequence of some particular arrangement of the elementary p ar ti c l es o f w hi c h i t is composed. There are sub ' stances, at the same time, subject to a d ecom p os iti on, w hi c h , ' whilst it mak es room for individuals of their own speci,:,s, leave their component parts at liberty to combine with others, and to form thereby other and very distinct substances. This process of destruction and of reproduction, by which the same ele mentary particles are differently modified, and appear under different forms, &c. is in constant action, so that no sooner is one body destroyed, than the elements •of which it was com posed enter. into the formation of other substances, and thus; by a very simple process, is the existence of the present order of things secured, until it shall please • the Auttioa of Nature to destroy the work of his hands. That this circulation of the same elementary particles must necessarily exist, maybe in ferred from this, that the elements were all created at one and the same time. Noyes no subieq uen t creat i on h as ta k en place, the substances that now exist can be formed only of the de-. merits that were then created, and that have theFfore •been in. 'constant circulation, or paasing through various modifications, since theday when they Were first drawn from chaos. We have a familiar example of the circulation. or changes.of the elements, in that of water. Raised by the action of the solar rays upon the wide' surface of the ocean, it is carried up, in the form of vapour, to the summit of the loftiest moun tains. There, condensed into water, it forms springs, from which .issue the streams that carry if back into the ocean, to commence a new circulation. w That this c i rcu l at i on i s a.generaL law of nature May be. inferreo net only fro m th e a b ove f act, ' but from a very s i mil ar one observed 'utile blood of animals, and in the sap of vegetables. The proofs of its existence might be moreover, and more phil oso phi cally, drawn from the clynnical process of the composition and clectimposition of bodies; but to detain, these curious phenomena would swell this *article much hieyOnd the usual limits of a letter. Enough, I trust, has been said to prove that such a circulation does exist ; ' and it is hoped that no liberal mind will refase to admit, th a t, if Pythagoras t aug ht the doctrine imputed to him, it was this. circulation of the *leriients he had in view, and not..the absurd doctrine of the transmigration of souls. I should imagine his idea on this .subject to have been this :—Plants feed on the soil upon which they grow,: a portion of which is therefore changed into their substance. Animals feed .upon these plants, which now become 'the flesh of these animals. When animals the particles of which they were fornied are :Kt free. Some" unite with the earth, while others mix with the hi: of the at -mosphere, and all await the fresh combination which shall 'again put theM into circulation. Ewhurst. A: P. WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 10, 1821 LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE. LFROM 'VARIOU S SOURCES.] No. XXI. • _NOCTURNAL INCREASII- o F S9UND3.—llumboldt endeavours to account for the increase of sounds during the night, from observing that the presence of the sun affects the propagation-and intensity of sound by the obstacles opposed to its transmis sion by. currents of air of different: densities and partial undulation, , the result of the unequal heating of various parts of the earth's surface. In air at rest, whether it be dry or mixed with elastic vapours equally distributed through it, the sonorwis undulation is propagated without diffi culty ; but when this air is crossed in every di. 7 .rection by small currents warmer tempera : ture, 'the sonorous unduLgtioh divides into two waves at the spot where there is the most sud den change in the density of the medium; thus .producing partiatechoes, which Weaken the hoc's , of sound, because one of the sonorous waves is reflected back upon itself. The theory 'of these- partitions of sonorous waves has. been ex plained by M. •Poisson.* It is not, therefore, the motion of the passage of the particles of air from below • upwards, nor the small oblique currents o f thi s fl u id t h at we consider as opposing, by impulse, the propagation of the so norous waves. - A stroke or impulse impressed on the surface of the liquid will form circles around the impinging centre, even when the liquid is in agitation. Several kinds of waves may cross in air, as ,well as_ in water, without interfering . with each other ; but the true cause of . the less inten sity of sound in the day-time, appears to be the want of homogeneity in the elastic medium.— There is at this time a sudden change of density throughout, produced by small currents of air, of a high temperature, rising from portions of the earth's surface that are unequally heated. The sonorous waves are then divided in the same man ner as luminous rays are refracted, and from a mi rage of sound wherever strata of air of unequal density are contiguous. A distinction must be kept between the intensity of sound or of light, and the direction of the sonorous or luminous wave. When these waves are propelled across strata of different densities,,two simultaneous effects will be produced--there will be a change in the direction of the wave, and extinction of light or sound. The reflection that accompanies each refraction weakens the intensity of light; the separation of . the sonorous wave causes partial .echoes, and that portion which returns on itself becomes insensible to our ear, in weak noises, at the spot where the density or the medium sud denly changes. In the mirage with double images, that which has undergone refraction con tiguous to the earth is always weaker than the direct image. Strata of fluids, of very different density, may so alternate, that the primitive di rection of the. luminous or the sonorous ray will remain the same, but the intensity of the ray will be not the less weakened on - that account. During the night the surface of the earth cools, the parts covered with grass, or with sand, take the same temperature : the atmosphere is no longer crossed by currents of hot air, rising obliquely or vertically in every direction. The medium being now become more homogeneous, the sonorous wave passes with less difficulty, and the intensity of sound increases, as the separa tions of the sonorous waves and echoes become less frequent. • FoluviATION OF MISTS-IN PARTICULAR SITUA TIONS.—Sir Humphrey Davy has transmitted the followin g remarks on this su bj ec t to t h e R oyal So ciety:—ssoon as the Sun has disappeared from any part of theglobe the surface begins to lose heat by radiation, and in greater proportion as the sky is clearer: but the land and water are cooled by this operation in a very different manner; the impression of cooling on the land is limited to the surface, and very slowly transmitted to the in terior ; whereas, in water above 40 9 Fahren heit, as soon as the upper, stratum is cooled, whether by radiation or evaporation, it sinks in the mass. of fluid and its place is supplied by warmer waters from below ; and till the tempe rature of the whole mass is reduced nearly to 40° Fahrenheit, 'the surface cannot be the coolest part. It follows, therefore, that wherever water exists in considerable masses, and has a tempera ture nearly equal to that of the land, or only a few degrees below it, and above 45° Fahrenheit at sun set, its surface during. the night, in calm and clear weather, will be warmer than that of the contiguous land, and the air above the land will necessarily be cooler than that above the water; and when they both contain their due proportion of aqueous vapour, and the situation of the ground is such as to permit the cold air froM the land to mix with the warmer air above the water, mist or fog will be the result, which will be so much greater in quantity as the land surrounding or inclosing the water is higher, the water deeper, and the temperature Of the water, which will coincide with the.quantity or strength of vapour in the air above it, greater. ORGANIC REMAINS.—The quarries of marble whence the .bloCks are taken for the construction of the Plymouth Break-water, are situated at Oreston, on the eastern shore of catwater. They consist,of one vast mass of compact close-grained marble;, seams of clay, however, are interposed through the rock, in which there are also large cavities, some empty, and others partially' filled with clay. In one of these caverns in the solid rock, fifteen feet wide, forty-five feet long, and twelve feet deep, nearly filled with compact clay, w ere f oun d i m b ed d ed fossil with be longing to. the Rhinoceros, and portions of the skeletons of three difft;rent animals, all of them ** Arm. de CLimie, L. 7. j)9 ROYAL-EXCHANGE ASSURANCE OFFICE. Xstablisbed by Royal Ciaarttir ' in the Riga of King Georg the First. September, 1821. ItERSONS, *hose atintial. Premiums fall due on the 29th instant, are hereby informed; that Receipts are now ready to be delivered at the Company's 'Offices, over the Royal Exchange and in Pall-Mall, as well as by their re spective Agents in the several Counties ; and the Parties as sured'are requested to apply for the Renewal of their Poli cies on or before the 14th of October next, as the usual 'Fif teen Days allowed for Payment, beyond the date of each Po licy, will then expire. S.cIIILTEL FENNING, Jun. Secretary. • Attendance is given, daily, at the said Offices, for the 4-kssurance of Buildings, Goods, Merchandizes, and Ships, i" liariwor, in -Dock, or while Building; from .Loss or Da ioage 4 Fire; andfcr th..: Assurance of, and grantMg ~-In Lii;:ies on, Lives. *** Fire Policies will be issued free of Expence to the As sl-1"(1, where . the Annual Prem miu amounts to 6s. or u?.. wards A. PRIVATF, PUPIL. •, . M ARRIED CLERGYMAN of the ESTA.- I 'l4°lldon, 13.14 1 SHED CHURCH, resid en t El even Mil es f rom receives a few PUPILS — into his Family, and has at presetii a V ACANCY.—Terms 162 Guineas per ann um. 1 Letter s to be di rec t e d f or R everend ' l ' . N., at Mr. Trip '"k's, Bookseller, 23, Old Bond-street, London. Tlie must satisfactory References can be given to Noblemen and (4entlemeo whose Sons he has educated. .".........a....—___ SALES OF ESTATES, &c. SC ENT, SURRPY ESSEX, and MIDDLE .,:,-,A 'Ol . SEX.— To be SOLD , pur i nant to an Order of the 7 1 ' 4 Court o f Ch ancery, beat inz date the 6th day o f A ugust , I flt, nt;tcle in a catt . e wherein Honor Reynolds is plaintiff, ,rlcl Ro bert Philip Bl a k e and another ale defendants, the v,divable and desirable FREEHOLD, COPYHOLD, and I'EAS EHO LD ESTATES, in the Parish of Kingston-upon -11'114F•lel, in th e H amlet of Ham, and in the Parish of Bram -7,,'"l`the County of Sur re y ; an d i n L vm i ngton, in the County ai H ants; and in the City of Londt;n. Also sundry FEE ?.-411.tAl RENTS, issuing out of Estates, respectively situate 14 l'nunt, Surrey, Essex, and Nliddlesex.—'rhe - said Estates ritl Fee-Farm Re'ins will be sold at the Public Sale Room, in ''''thal'ililott-buildings, Chancery-lane, London, with the „IPProtm.tion of. Sir John Simeon, Bart., one of the Masters of i;: e ; 344 , 1 Court, some time in the latter riot of November, or t i" .l "',"'"g of December , 1 5 2 i, in Twelve Lots.—Printed Par -""drs ruaY h • bad ' a ' short time, and the day of sale fixed. .......7...________in A LTITORPE, Lincolnshire.—For SALE by i.,(*. PRIVATE TREATY, a very desirable and compact r ItliE11( n- , D ESTATF, containing by surrey 862 A. la. Ir. onor e or le "), comprising the entire PARISH or LORD- Still' of ALTHORPE, (with the exception of about 40 Acres, 'which iiichide the Glebri Ist to respectable tenants, and stibdivitled into convenient Farms, its a high'state of cultir 3 : - is $ v‘it :'iem erected wit w it h i n the last t seven or eight year d s. Thu m Est y ate '3 ' u h.iect to the followine animal outgoings, namely, au out itlel° of . Is. 9d ; 211. 18s. 2d. Land Tax; and a Corn-rent pay „bl;.te the Rector its lieu of Tithes, established by Act of • 7,rltanient, amounting-to 2101. ss. 6,1. net. The Estate ad -4,`.4* the River Trent on the East, and has the advantage .of Vh'vo 44('t of th e Estate may be:considerably improved.—Steam tl et s to and from Gainsborough, Hull, and York, pass vts,• ° , r P e d anY.---The Estate ahoonds with Game, and is 4,llcial,sthort di,taoues of the Market Towns of Gainsborough, chaser wil l I E , P"lth, Crowle, Thorne, and Brigg. A Pur ef the E . '" entitled to the receipt of the Rents and profits L adv.d St ate at Lady-day 1822, and the actual possession at int t ; a Y. 18 3 With permission to make improvements its I h . e uti . Mediate thine, which the tenants will be under au °bli the tbniito Estate , Ralph Shasi, one of the tenants, will 4 Ho w w te and price and further particulays may be ,li"." , oft aPplication at the Office of Mr. John Henry Vane, %,,, e ,. l °r, Mat ket Rasen, where a Plan of the Estate may be ,c, c ; Or to Mr. William Cooper, Tealby, Lincolnshire.— '°°° WaY, if required, rem.tin on seourity of the Estate. GREAT MARLO W, Bucks.—To be LET, P,,, with immediate possession, fur a Term of Serer! or 14,-,:teen Years, a most desirable Residence, called SLY t n ' t , - WS COURT,consistingof acommodiousDwelling hotise, r o u „ pining three Parlours, six Bed-rooms and Dressing * iv?", Kitchen, Cellar, and suitable Out together ,hazta Coach -house and Stable, large walled Garden and Or tur,!", ab undantly stocked with fruit trees, eitensire Plea ,,,;-grondids and P a dd oc k . The whole containing nearly l 7 4 d e l: Tile Ho use i s s i tuated on an eminence, and commands it ~, iglatful view of the River Thames and the surround- C!: H ills of B uc ki nghamshire and Berkshire. It is distant plti tne To wn of Great Alarlow about one mile, ii from st) rs 14 f ront R eading, and 32 front the Metropolis. th e r . 4 vi ew of the premises apply-to Mr. J. H. Poulton, at N it noining Farm, and for further particulars (if by letter, k' p aid) P L a id) to Mr. R ogers, College Green, Bristol; or to M. gut, Solicitor, Great Marlow. SALOP,---Most desirable FREEHOLD ES 'r„ „ TATEs% in the County of Salop, partly Tythe-trce.— Pie t e ) I , D,hv PRIVATE CONTRACT, all that very com -14,,,!thd eligible Property called 'THB HAYES, adjoining to hot ti l .. u wri of Oswestry, consisting of a stone built Mansion *itit' extensive Buildings, Gardens, Plantations, and Panda, Auti pabotit 144 acres of extremely rich and fertilt- Meadow let t o „sture Lands, considerable part whereof are Tit iir-free, l'e t , rl 4 ,plant s at Will. The House and upper part of the Ditt o ," are delightfully situated, commanding peculiar i ly .. 1 4 04 varied, and extensive views, forming one o f t eatitifUl Residences in the County. Also, all those Sllertices of Meadow and Pasture Grounds, called Lugo" n g about 34A. IR. 26P. situate wit hin xtleycl'hilte t o wn of Shrew,bury,and are hel , cl by Mr. Will iam - "fiat John Jones, and Mr. Robert ‘A oodward, as 1 'Pe rell3alekeliee Tenants willshew the premises ; and Parti -4ltorn• .e had on al ap plication to Messrs. Dukes and Salt, atztbelinisShrewsbury,'at t whose Office Maps of the Estate 11A ,----,-----__________ 4-KLASTON-ILA LL.—To be LET, and ',,rer4, neAttered upon immediately, for , On . e Year oi for a n il44 L - AV e ars, all that tapital MAINSION-H . OdSE called L'rett ,-,1-''T°N-HALL with the Manors, Fisheries, Gardens, ,uolisa-gs Stables, Coach-houses, 'together with the Hot tent ievi ween-house, Hot-walls; and Ice house.excet b Y 24 4n2i°n contains a spaci6us Flail, n Library of 36 . feet dinaen 't3 and 16 feet in height, Dinii,g-room of . similar okei:Tnss and a large Drawing -room. The House is 11)11d b), is , :urnish,. and the Manor abounds in Game. B . ar t a b s ; Cou rn s lttlat e on one of the most beautiful eni . inences . in six het, .1 0f Stafford, four miles distant, from Stone, and had \V jth A eweas tle. From 20 to 100 Acres of Land may be t° ke t , b s e Prer,l'ises.---For forth - el Particulars, apply , ()Yost paid)ct. qesmi r , s ' Cuts°, Leek, Staffordshire ; or to X. 1., I ost- Lim s 11 and fur inspection to Mr. Hood, of Barlastan. : D itTS EA, HANTS. —HOUSEHOLD titt,,„ ..,.. URNITUItE, valuable assemblage of ITALIAN, 0 1c1 p l , fis FLEMISH and DUTCH PAINTIC•S t rare Ned rntts, small but Well-selected Library, 208 Ounces . of Ilr4teril Plate,- Plated Articles, Gold Repeating and Huntiog titliPess Jeweller • and Trinkets • an extensive collection ol %, ed Bird s s; 3 n ; . o e. , s, I Fossils; ' superior toned Finger It i f a e ll t a '. °l,',l.‘e-t.i.na, Grass,a'l Linen, a John nuhierous valuable Oki, ?...,:‘ , . 1 !he Property of Mr. olin Payre,deceas . e . d ii l i r rti bis "'" lac SOLD by AUCTIi iN, by Mr. CROOK, on II 4, ~ ”, Nu. 130, Queen -street, Portsea, on TUESDAY, :tro`..ll o,f OCTOBER, 1'321, and following days, at Eleven 4,l.''' Precisely. --The whole may he viewed three days pre ), el ) 1 , e sale, (Sunday excepted), and Catalogues, at 6tl. ' 1) ,,.. 1 1' 1 Y he had, in due time, at the Auction Mart, Baltho kiTriri e, London ;at the principal Inns in the nigli- LI 4f gv,t" Crookronien.4de Rooms, Soutlisea ; Place of Sale; ir• , B§, Hish-street, Gospott. 4_ t 41 . 4 A p ' I,:witxsl4v444Y?, \\,. ,',,L,q-'-tz'it.',." 2®. .4•?,,-4- * . 1 1,k_1.,,,0;,,,,-, =, 4% Ar*---!--iv i :::::" --- - ----- :4;',.',401 0, „:1,':;::- _ - * f - , 4)..., _ ---?,,4*- ',-;;lN,‘:,a.:-.-'l','' -..----,:?'i,z7*14,1';:: ''''' ' .;:;L -, ? ,; . , cf.. , : 5- ;:r . r:`',',' ' ' ; • , ' , / ,. / f q;,;;-, , ,‘' . \ ' * _ ' - • 4 - .3 ., . ' t *.- ... , , , i, ' - il : 3 " - „ * O. it, ..- -.ht... W • .4 in the most perfect state co,preservation. The part of the cavity in which these bones wc.re found was seventy feet below the surface of the solid rock, sixty feet horizontally from the edge _of the cliff, and one hundred and sixty feet from the original edge by the side of the Cat water. Every side of the cave was solid rock: the inside had no incrustation of stalactite, nor was there any external communication through the rock in which it. was imbedded, nor any ap pearance of an opening from above being closed - . by infiltration. MADRAS LITERARY SOC,IET Y.—The following communications were•laid before the Madras Li terary Society on the lqth of. April last :-1. A very interesting deiCription of a new and distinct genus of quadruped, thestag-sheep, or K.aleaatop 2 , of the Tamoleans, with drawings by the late Dr. Matthew Christie, and communicated by A. Macdonald, Esq. These animals, it is stated, inhabit that branch of the great range of moun tains which divides the valley of Dindigul from the country of Malabar. Th e y d o not appear to be gregarious, but to live in separate families in the most elevated, and especially rocky, situa tions.. They are described by the hunters to be very scarce shy animals, seldom seen, and not easily caught or killed..-2. A paper, by C. W. Whish, Esq. Calicut, on the origin, and antiqui ties of the Hindu Zodiac, and the age and au thor of the Suoya Sidhanta. The writer of this valuable communication is of opinion, that in the investigation of the subject, too strict a reliance has been placed on the informa tion of the Brahmans; and he endeavours to shew, that the Indian Zodiac was bor rowed either indirectly or immediately from the Greeks. An appendix to a former account of two inscriptions, by Mr. Whish, from two stones found in the Tiruvanoor. Kohestram, the seat of the Sumutri-Rajah, near Calicut, was also laid before the meeting.-3. A curious inscrip tion in Sancrit, taken from an ancient stone tablet, found at Sohagepoor, on the south bank of the Nerbudda,forty miles east of Husingabad, with a translation and observations by the late George Southeby, Esq., communicated through the ,Zion. Sir • George Cooper. The inscription tends to throw some light on Hindu chronology, and to shew the age of Rajah Bhoja, the last famous one of this name. His uncle Munjoh in 1050 (A. D. 994). This monument bears the date of 11,61, one, hundred and eleven years later; and it is inferred that Bhoja was reigning in 1080 (A. D. 1024), or a b ou t eighthun dred years ago. The Society were also pre sented, through the Board of Revenue, with two of the valuable papers of the late H. Ellis, Esq. of the Madras Civil Service, on Mecrassy right, in conformity with the directions of the lion. this Governor in Council at Madras.— Two specimens, exhibiting a very curious devia tion, from nature in. the goat and the buffalo, were presented by W. Oliver, Esq. in the name of nous Peter, Esq. Collector of Madura. The former consists of a kid with two distinct well formed heads upon one neck and body. The latter of two buffalo calves, about the full size at birth, adhering to each other and intimately con nected along the whole course of the breast. The head and limbs of both appear to he pretty per fect ; one is a little smaller than the other, but it does not appear that the monster could have ever had- any locomotive power, excepting in a very limited degree. EARLY TALENT.—At Copenhagen, is the youngest female writer, probably, now living. Her name is Virgilia Christiana Lund, and she is not above ten years of age. Last year she pub lished a family-picture, " Clotilda, or Two for. One ;" and lately she has published a small dra matic piece, called' Infidelity detected." BOTANY.—Spikenard of the Ancients.—Arnong other interesting articles in the Flora Nepalensis, a full and correct botanical description of the plant which yielded the spikenard of the ancients may be expected. This' plant is the Valeriana Jalamansi. It is remarkable that although Sir W. Jones was the first who determined this point, he has by mistake described and figured another species of Valerian in place of the Jata mansi, viz. V. flarthzickii, or at least he has con founded this species with the true one ; for he describes the radical leaves as being cordate, while the leaves of V. Jatainansi are lanceolate. In Mr. Larnbert's rich collection are specimens of the Jatarnansi with fibrous roots ; these agree exactly with what was formerly sold in the shops, and answer well the description given by ancient authors, as to the rout resembling the tail of an ermine. AQUATIC TRAVELLING. —Mr. Bader, coun sellor of mines at Munich, some years ago in vented what he termed an aquatic sledge, con structed on such a principle, that it might be impelled and guided on the water by the rider himself, without any other aid. The first public experiment was made with this machine on the 29th of - August, 1810, before the Royal family at Nymphenburgh, with complete success. It is described as consisting of two hollow canoes, or pontoons, eight feet long, made of sheet copper, closed on all sides, joined to each other in a pa rallel direction, at the distance of six feet, by a light wooden frame. Thus joined, they support a seat resembling an arm-chair, in which the rider is seated, and impels and steers the sledge by treading two large pedals before him. Each of these pedals is connected with a paddle, fixed perpendicularly in the after part of the machine behind the seat, and in the interval between the two pontoons. In the front of the seat stands a small table, on which he may read, write, draw, or eat and drink. His hands being at perfect liberty, he may *even play an instrument, load PRICE SErE:iiPENCE or lire a gun, Or do whateVer he Please A..— Behind the seat is a leathern, bag, .to . hold any thing he may want in his excursion. It is evedent that this machine 'mist be admirably calculated for taking sketches of aquatic scenery, as also for the diversion of shooting water fowl,. in which case the sportsman conceals himself be,: hind a slight skreen of branches, or rushes, so as to approach the birds unperceived. This vehicle is far safer than a common boat, the centre - or gravity being constantly in the _middle of a very broad case, a circumstance which rtinders up_ setting, even in the heaviest gale, absolutely im possible. It is moreover so contrived.that it may' be, taken, to pieces in a few minutes, packed in a box, and put together in a very short time. STEAM COACH.—An• ingeni ous individual of 'Valid - 41as succeeded in 'completing 1-m6del of a Steam Coach, which will travel at the rate of six 'or eight miles an hour ; and, by a self-acting apparatus, it can be conducted through the most intricate roads. GEOLOGY.—In sinking some wells, near Circle ville, in .the State of Ohio, at a place called Redgville, on the shores of the Scioto, human. bones and skulls have been found, at different .depths, where they could not have been depo sited by the hands of men. At the ,depth of 22 feet, many mammoth teeth have also been met with, weighing from nine 'to twelve pounds each . , near the Scioto, evidently proving that the spa where they lay was once inundated. Beds of rounded.by,the action of water, were dis covered 17 feet under the surface. Mr. At water, of Circleville, has preserved these ret mains, all which tend to prove that the American soil is a vast deposit of alluvious matter, like that now rising and forming on the plains on eact side of the Mississippi, towards the lower part of that river particularly;, and this deposit seems to he a vast cemetery of animals that existed in un known ages, ANALYSIS or THE VERTEBILE OF THE OitKNEY ANI . MiL.-Dr..Leach communicated some time ago to the Wernerian Society the following ana lysis of one of the vertebree of this large cast on the. island of Stronsa, and which has been ably described by Dr. Barclay, in. the first vo lume of the Memoirs of that Society. The atm:- Iysis was made by Dr. John Davy. : Longitudinal Lamella. Cellular Part. Fibrous Part. Animal matter 45.5 52 1 - CO Earth 33.5 47.1 40 CULTURE OF OPIUM IN GREAT BRIT:ON.-7-Mr. YOUNG, 'who has successfully and lucrative cultivated British Opium, says, inn. cpmmuniea , tion to the Society of Arts, " Last summer I pro duced 192 pounds of opium, 25 gallons of poppy Oil, and at the rate of 40 bolls of early potatoes, from 129 falls 18 yards, being 30 fails less than one acre of ground, by the mode of - cultivating communicated to the Society of Arts, and after, wards more particularly detailed in the second and third NUMbers of the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, with this difference; that the gatherers collected the .milky juice with their . thumbs , instead of brushes, which I consider to be a mate rial improvement in the mode of gathe r i ng ; and although I had from 12 to 20 boys, 12 to 14-years , of age, employed during the season, only tw . o, were effedted with.drowsiness, and I could not be certain, whether this was the effect of the ab sorption of the opium,. or of .the extreme heat of the weather. By this new mode of gathering the milky fluid of the poppy one of the boys, more than once during the Season of gathering, filled hi; flask in one day, of ten hours work; the, Mt:4Q contained 14 ounces, which, when evaporated, gave three ounces and, two drachms o f so lid opium. I may obs erve , that owing to the extreme heat, and want of rain, during the last opium harvest, my plants came so rapidly to maturity that I did not get so much opium as I probably should have done had there been occasional showers." On Tuesday last, a gentleman of Falkirk, in a may field,a bout a quarter of a mile west of that town, ccidentally turned over a loose piece of earth, when, to his astonishment, he discovered a parcel, containing eighteen new sovereigns, all of which, however,' he soon perceived to be counterfeits. They seemed to be very well executed, and their resemblance to the - genuine coins is so great aS.to render it difficult, on the closest inspection 7 to detect them. They are, of course, considerably lighter than the real coin, and resemble, !n sound; a base shilling. When found, there were pieces of silk paper so disposed as to prevent them from, rubbing against each other. We trust, that this discovery will prove a caution, as well as ainezins . of detection.—(Edi n b urg h Courant, Oct. 6.) • During the late war with England, the Patriot pilit-hoaf was dispatched to Charlestown for the purpose of bringing to New York Mrs. Allston, lady of the then Governor or South' Carolina, and daughter of Colonel Burr, formerly Vice-Pre. sident of the United. States. Mrs. Allston was in a' delicate state of health at the time, and unable to travel by land. From, the time she embarked and sailed from Charlestown, no tid ings whatever had been heard of the vessel or - an y ond on. board. Notwithstanding the weather was mild and favour. able for several days,`and such as to render her loss mysterious,. no other idea of the melancholy circumstance prevailed, than: that the vessel must have foundered at sea, or run under daring a chase.—But the mystery was at length developed. TwO , of. the Pirates, sentenced to suffer death at New Orleans in the spring of 1320, confessed that they; composed part of.the crew of the aboie pilot-boat Patriot. That after being at sea two or three days, and near the shore, they rose upon the Capp . tarn and - passengers, and confined them below ; and after plundering the passengers of a considerable sum of money and .plate, be longing mostly to Mrs. Allston, they launched the. boat and scuttled the vessels, which soon filled and went down with the unfortunate inmat4s confined below ! The dreadful tragedy' was performed in the dead of night. These wretches succeeded in reaching the shore with the boat, and had thus'far escaped.; deteetion and punishMent for this horrible crime. --(American Paper.) Monday evening, a little .before seven o'clock, an elderly gentleman accompanied by a l a dy, p assing a l ong Chamber.. street, GoOdinan!s-fields, was attacked. by four ruffians, • who knocked him down and robbed.hina of his watch and append ages, with which they escaped.