The Sun. — London, England, 1844-04-05 00:00:00

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Jr. -cc,r in 110°f' )raYb , ° the 'tle* 0' : Ts -, bad f i t pi es 4, guar ) t. ~~-_--, OVERLAND MAII4 INDIA AND CHINA. The intelligence brought by this mail from the East is of the most satisfactory character. Peace, and' tranquillity prevailed throughout the wittde , ,:. of the British possessions in India.- • The affairs of Gwalior had been finally arranged to the satisfac tion. of . the Governor-General, the young Sovereign had been formally ihstalled on the 20th of January, in presence of Lord Ellenborough, the Commander in -Chief, and all the military and civil autho rities. On the 22d the army of Sindiah was revi ewe d itt presence of the Maharajah and Chiefs, and on the same day it was dissolved, by proclama tion, the troops composing it having been directed to Proceed to the several destinations assigned to them. The Mahratta soldiery, to the number of 2 0 , 000 , had l aid dawn thei r arms and tendered their services to the Sovereign of Gwalior. On the 23d Lord Ellen• borough took his departure for Calcutta, accompanied by General Grey and the left wing of the army. A division was left behind until the new army should be organised, and other arrangements completed. Sinde was perfectly quiet, and the health of the troops had mat er i a ll y i mproved. Th e G overno r-General had is sued a proclamation announcing that an au g m entation of nearly 10,000 men would be re • r ( l uir ed, ost ens ibl y f or Si n d e an d G wa lior, but in eality, We believe to watch the movements in the , euniaub. Some distuoteot had been exhibited in two or three of the Bengal and Madras regiments, who, it app e ars, have a strong•reluctance to the ser %;ce in Sinde ; b u t no f ee li ng o f thi s kind prevailed in the Bombay army, and several regiments had volunteered their services for that district. But matters there are so tranquil, and so content are the people under the British sway, that troops are scarcely required. There is, in fact, no enemy to encounter ; but Sir CEIARLES NAPIER is wisely on his guard, and will keep up such an army as will prevent any plot or surprise on the part of the friends of the de posed Arneers. The accounts from China are equally favourable, an d universal peace also reigns in that q uar ter. We regret to state, however, that the massacre of three Catholic bishops, with seventy Chri stians, at Corea, is confirmed. They were all beheaded, and about 180 more were said to have been gled. Oran fantry was put in orders in their p'ace, when a G overn m Alt order directed both to remain where they were. If it is intended to keep Sinde. with Bombay troop 3, man augmentation of from 5,000 to 10,0 A men must imme diately be made in the army of, the. 'iVestern Presidency, at preaentlesslihan MOOD strong. CAUBUL. Sieeman and Captain Shakspcare, hem paid up their arrears. Now that the eyes of the public of India have been withdrawn from the late conflicts and arrangements at Gwahor, they are again naturally directed to the Pun jaub, where dissension and disord"r are in the ascendant in e.very part of the country. The brother Rajahs of Jumhoo, Goolab Singh and Suehet Singh, after plunder in; the royal treasury during their short visit to the capital of almost all it contained, and then retiring to their mountaia fastnesses, have shown no sign of interfering in the government, but are quietly pre paring themselves for the time when the powerful empire of Runjeet Singh shall fa . 1 to pieces, and they will have the long coveted opportunity of de claring themselves independent of the throne of Lahore. Of the prospects of Peshawur we have al ready spoken. Dewan Sawun Mull, the Governor of Mooltan, who has been strengthening himself ever since the death of Runjeet Singh, has nearly shaken off the yoke, and Rajah Heera Singh is in no condition to re impose it, -with a refractory soldiery whom he can at present control only by means of large sums distributed amongst them at every feast, review, or occasion of the LAIIORE. The news. from this partjof Central Asia affords much matter for speculation. It extends to the 9th January. :We find from our letters direct from that place that the acquisitiOn of Chiva by the Ameer of Bukhara is . sp'Tiken of-as a Nit accompli, and as well known beyond the Hindoo Koh ; but his conquest seems none of the _most complete, as his Minister Summud Khan refuses to undertake the government, because, we presume; he Considered the number of troops his master was about to place at his disposal totally inadequate to the task which was about to be imposed upon him, being only half these by whom the Ameer had conquered the province. The victor had, it appears, some slight apprehension for his own country, originat ing in rumours of an invasion by Dost Mahomed Khan, but which were quite groundless, and wished to retura to Bokhara as expeditiously as possible. The reports of a political intercourse be ween Yar Mahomed of Herat and Dost Mahomed, which have been for some time strongly bruitedi have now resolved themselves into a certainty, and a closer connection, through the means of a matrimonial alliance between their fimilie., has ben formed between the two chiefs. A vakeel arrived at Caubul -at the latter end of December with letters and presents from Yar Mahomed, who, it may be re membered,.having got rid of his master Shah Katuram (brother of Shah Soojah of Caubul), usurped the sove reignty of Herat, in 1841, to the detriment of the sons of Shah Kaniram, whom he expelled. These letters urged the Post to become a member of a great con- . federation which he, Yar Mahomed. was forming at the instigation of Persia, bete een all the chiefs in Central Asia,- and - cif which his ,brothers at Candahar were re presented to be already members. He offered his daughter in marriage to Mahomed Akbar Khan, and the offer haling' been accepted with some appearance. of avidity, the initiatory ceremonies were performed with great pomp on the last day of the year. The vakeel was then honourably dismissed, by the Dost, who sent with him a reeresentative of his own, and also some handsome presents in return for those he had received. It appears also certain that Dost Mahomed and his son are actively engaged in secret intrigues with Sultan Mahomed at Lahore, and Peer Mahomed at Peshawur, but do not yet consider themselves in a condition to quit Caubul for the purpose of invading the trans-Indian possessions of the Sikhs, and which it has been for months expected they would do -with as little delay as possible. But the imprisonment at large of Sultan Mahomed, the brother of the. Post, at Lahore, with all his family, is apparently a stumbling-block in their way, which is not easily got over, as it is probable that the moment Dost Mahomed appeared as an enemy on the east of the Khyber, the life of Sultan Mahomed would be sacrificed by the Sikhs in their present state of anarchy. Besides, the factions which are still powerful in Caubul, headed by Mahomed Zaman Khan, by Jubbar Khan, and others, render it a matter of consid.erition with the Post how far it would be prudent to leave the capital until his rule is esta blished on a firmer basis than it now enjoys. It is true that there are symptoms, notwithstanding his in ordinate extortions, several instances of which are given by our friends in Affghanistan, of the rule of Dost Mahomed acquiring, especially in the East, that de gree of stability which may ultimately induce the long threatened and highly probable invasion, and when it does occur it is more likely that he will not have much difficulty in accomplishing the conquest of. Peshawur, and its dependencies, as far as the Attock at least, as the " force of circumstances" is preparing the people of the land for a change, and his brother Peer Mahomed is on the spot, and will,' at the proper time, give him all the assistance in his power, as his influence is con siderable. The Governor of-Peshawur. Tej Singh, is disaffected to the present Government of Lahore, in con sequence of the indignities offered to his most intimate friendJemadar Khooshyal Singh, by Raja Heera Singh, besides which he is not capable of resisting with troops who, are serving most unwillingly at a distance from the capital, where their more fortunate brethren are basking in the sun of the Minister's favour and bounty. These are all considerations which will doubtless wt igh with Dost Mahomed. The forts of the Khyber, at Lall poorah and at Jellalabad, are all in his hands or those of his son, or of men who are attached to him. Alec Musjid is about being put into a state of repair ; native expresses are passing weekly from Lahore to Peshawur, and from Peshawur to Caubul, between the brothers, and it was only in the beginning . of January that Mahomed Akbar Khan's Lieutenant-Governor at Jellalabad, was ascertained, by our news-writer at Peshawur, to have come to the latter place in the disguise of a beggar, with dispatches from Caubul, which he de livered in person to Peer Mahomed Khan, and then re turned by a different route to Jellalabad. These are all signs of the times, and will be found at the fitting period to resolve themselves into an attack on Peshawur by the Affghans. Many rumours were lately afloat at : Lahore, at Ferozepore, and elsewhere, res euting the advance of Mahomed Akbar Khan to Jellalabad, and the murder of Sooja-ood-Dowlah, son of Nawab Zutuan Khan, with many other tales of a similar nature, which gather strength as they proceed, but they have all turned out erroneous, or false in fact, as we supposed from the be nning they would. kind. — Two remarkable instances have lately occurred. The first in regard to the mutinous battalions which returned from Peshawur. On their approach to Lahore the. Mi nister sent orders to tin m to disband themselves, but so far from obeying, they entered the cantonments of the troops formerly under the command of General Avita bile, and received from them assurance of assistance in the attainment of their object, i. e. payment of arrears and increase of future pay to the extent enjoyed by the other troops ; and to this day they remain at Lahore un punished, though they have not succeeded in obtaining their pay. The second occurred on the 25th January, whrn the officers of the Sikh troops assembled, and after consultation proceeded to the Minister and informed him that unless Maharajah Dhulleep Singh was formally in stalled and rec,,gnised by him, Heera Singh, as his sot e reign, they would look out for another Wuzeer. They succeeded in extorting a promise from him, that the cere mony should be performed on the 2d of February, and on that day a great durbah was held, at which all the chiefs were present, and at which the boy king took his seat as Sovereign of the Punjaub, receiving the homage of all the assembled Sirdars. Previous to this circumstance being known, letters were received in Delhi, from Ferozepore, communicating the not im probable intelligence of the young Maharajah having fallen a victim to some intrigue, and of a consequent col lision both at Lahore and Kussoor, a station opposite Ferozepore, in which many lives were lost. The report proved unfounded, and not having ourselves received any direct confirmation of the rumour (though we con sidered it might be correct), we had hesitated to believe in the truth of the statements made. A victory over Futteh Khan Tawana, in the trans-Indian province of Tank, had been confirmed, and a brother of that chi' himself taken prisoner in an attempt to pass over to Mooltan, whither he was sent to obtain aid from Dewan Sawun Mull. Payments to a large amount had been made to the troops at Peshawur, no doubt to prevent the chance of their following the mutinous example of the Ram Gol Battalion, and for the time a lull has taken place, but how long it will last, and what may be its result, it is impossible to say. Heera Singh is continuing immense military preparations, tending, it is firmly be lieved, to resist an aggression on our part of which he is in daily fear. As signs of coming events, and of the intention of Lord Ellenborough to return to the upper provinces, to carry out his plans in regard to the Pun pub, it is stated that the Body Guard will remain at Benares during the approaching hot season, and that ' the marching establishment of the Governor-General's camp has, as was the case on his Lordship's return to the capital last year, been directed to be kept up iu state of preparation. • SINDE. Our latest intelligence from Sinde is contained in a letter from Kurrachee of the 22d ult. The occurrences Of the month are scarcely sufficiently conspicuous or cons netted to furnish subject for a narrative. Sir C. Napier aPPears to have abandoned the project of an expedition to the northward ' • matters indeed are so tranquil at present along the frontier beyond Sukkur, that there is really no enemy to encounter, and to go into the d eser t e r amongst the hills in quest of one, is too arduous a f eat with th e h ot weat h er at . h an d. H. M.' s 86th is under Orders to proceed to Hyderabad on the Ist March (t his day), but this is apparently for the purpose of per witting further reliefs. The 2d Bombay Cavalry have exchanged places with the 3d ; the former left Deesa on the 18 t h J anuary, an d hav i ng procee d e d t h roug h the' desert a distance of 314 miles, arrived at Hyderabad between the 16th and 20th, and went into the quarters previously occupied by the 3d, in the entrenched camp 1 )y the ri ver , t h ree m il es from t h e f o r t . Th e men were in excellent health and spirits, .and no accident of any B ° l l had befallen the regiment on its march. Three of the officers Captains Trevelyan and Prescott, and Lieut. Marriot, when 214 miles on their march, were ordered t 9 return to revise the finding of the court-martial on Lieutenant Pilford, and would thus have entailed on them an extra journey of 500 miles before rejoining their corps. The medical committee, formerly ap pointed to report on the means of improving the salu nrity of the cantonments around Hyderabad, have in the M eantime adopted a more cheering view of matters t h an might have b een an ti c ip a t e d. Th a t the malaria is chie fl y occasioned by the inundation appears unquestionable ; but much of the sickness recently experienced seems to have' • ,iarisen from the watering of the fields by canals for Lae purpose of irrigation, whi ch can without trouble be put a stop to, provided we are willing to purchase the rlealth for our men at the expense of the fertility of the soil. At Sukkur matters are much more unhopeful than within the Delta, and there our troops have almo t s h t e qually suffered, however protected. Majest y ' sHe h r i,,hese 13th reached camp two mo nths. since in t h e to editiOn as to health and efficiency, but were attacked in num bers immediately on their arrival, and of the earliest sufferers several have died. S stood out all t h e to i ls of Caubu i i Sir end. Sale, hardsh i ps who of whose health jelia. labad, has become ill, and will, it is feared, require to quit his reg i ment for the present. Some idea of the effects of the recent sickness on the constitutions of the men may be gathered from the fact that out of a detachment 030 f 45 Europeans and 150 natives proceeding up the river, of th e l atter and 82 of the former died before reach ing Fer ozepore. Precisely one-half of the European ar tillery left th e i r b ones at Sukkur, the survivors being, iha active service. Her Majesty's 28th, now at Poo in • t h r. P .,ne,a to suffer almost as much as ever C i f e ' te ems climate of the Deccan, from the s of the poison " s oli damp s of the Indus. Though la State of matt WWI on the r era is of unfrequ be vis S i t ta t teiciontisai l 3 t esent occasion wbollyenutneexeepeencrrteedn, ce, officerslutt intervals,. ed with the climate are of opinion t and rien ee d similar to that which has just been expe lter--Sukkur, S be looked for periodically, as heretofore, at th r . cora five to nine years. Our posts beyond &c.—will, on Inch eecasi hikarpore, Larkhanah, who ch er i sh ens, be Placed at the mercy of the hill men, Rener blood feuds with religious fervency, from at j) Is to forgive, we a d t t tl . e n tc generation. The Beloochees know not and the thousand wrongs inflicted eve n e)7 ,, va 11 , Kahan, Kojjuck, and Khelat, may yet be iteanntiieoetn„eweht:n pestilence next converts our unprotected Moir suppli es , Into hospitals, when we have a wide river, and th ° Napier of miles of desert' in our rear between our troops Predator Pries, and rugged mountains and a fierce • Yan warlike population, maddened with the . vengeance, in our immediate front. General rNier has wisely resolved not to suffer his force to be ao tnished under its present itrength. and the abet. aytetrhneor-General has been compelled to acknowledge exigencies of the public service in the newly x_quired territory of Sinde compel him to add another e ginient to the Bengal irregular cavalry. The Bombay gover nmentb Lt .._ are said t o h ave memorialised the Court of. ectors for a large addition to their army. The cost of the troops now on the Indus amounts to about a million b a ling annually ; the entire revenues of the Ameers to rut half o f t hi s ; our share annually to less than a quarter a i million. The Indian army was, in the latter years of Lord Auckland's rule, increased by 50,600 men, on account "e operations in Affghanistan and China ; it was or dered te , be reduced in February, 1843, by about 18,000, so that it is now stronger by 32,000 men than it was be -fere our recent war policy beg an ; it was found strong enough for everything but fo reign war, and so it wo uld a gain, were we to keep within our The additional territories. additional strength, we presume, is found requisite to maintain peace in India on the new system of two gene- ral wars a year. Futteh Khan continues in confinement 11. t Bukku r . T his chief, it may be remembered, is brother t o N ewaz Khan, the history of whose career is wor;hy o f remark. When Khelat was captured by Sir T. IWilshire, a n d M ehrab Khan and his chiefs slain in battle n N ovember, 1839, his son, Nusseer. Khan, was driven us into banishment., and his cou s i n , N ewaz Khan, set up by • on the throne. His reign was short—he was com pelled() within ten monais to abdicate, and to seek refuge faithful. 11 ' ra his Feringhee allies. - 1 - 10 , had been a puppet, but a Tien afnadvoliii•Oli fallen in battle with us, him asid e " it w s u u s i s te ee d r i c i u h r ili a ; ltered views to set whose father had 1,Y001 • a year. When Si the Sir C. Napier was invested with thirdolitical charg f li ewaa was allowed a pension of hef eo - Ode this was' reduced td one of its primary amount —and when the impoverished Complained, he was told that if he could not live on 6001., he might sta pennil rve, and accor di n gly he was left 11? penniless. Hoping t o fi n d relief amongst h i s ki ns f o lk, e made his way to.Khelat, and was immediately thrown into prison, where shortly afterward intes he died suddenly— !Ln illustralhon of how brief is the rval wi th dis.crowned loads between the prison and the grave. Futteh Khan !trined at his brother's fate, sought refuge amongst the o.ri .tish at Sukk ur, an d was at once directed by the Go venor of Sinde t o b e placed in con fi nement! He was . aitaenaole'to no authority of ours, charged with no fault, and cusp,-;eted of no crime. He sought our hospitality, and found a'Prison! Of the seven corps of infantry on - • ginalry ordel•el down, the 6th, 19th, 48th, and 64th ISengal N. 1., haws been countermanded; the two former having marched td Shahjehanpore and.. Bareilly, the 48th has been directed to stand fasti at Loodianah, and the 64th ordered to Benares. The 4th and 69th "legi t:lents have been ordered instead of the 6th and 19th, and are to proceed immediately to Sukkur, together With the 7 t h Li ght Cavalry, and the 3d and 4th coin- Panies of the 6th Battalion Artillery, each with a field , ba ttery attached, one with horse and the other with bul ....a„:"°ek d.raught. The 2d and 4th troops of the Ist brigade ' 'of Horse Artillery, the 15th, 34th, and 63d Regiments V:4l ,-,.°f Native Infantry, are still under orders for Sinde, but , - Wheth er t h ey are actually to proceed there appears to be " -- ----a matter of doubt. - The 64th having become mutinous, -,.-e and positively refused to proeeed - terSifidte - their desti , '-nation was altered, and they were ordered for Benares ins tead--one of the best stations in India, The 34th, --- ----_-!cw at Ferozepore, were destined to take the place of 1,.., ~ aVe 64th aril equally declined-to proceed unl e ss on tlpir ' , awn terms. L etters f rom Lood i ana h of the 17th state '' ... ,Erhart the troops there had become mutinous at the thoughts , of servi ce i n Si nde, and occasioned much tribulation at a e,. `-, the stattion; and, finally, the whole of the regiments on e „. their wall, downwards have been halted on their march • towards 'elikkur, until the matter could receive more ta teu , mature eolasideration.. Half the Bombay army being " e en, npied o n ,•he Indus, and the troops not empl o yed on 'e'rel_gn service being barely sufficient for the duties of '` • .the residency, the Madras Government was applied to. '- , . The 47th R egiment under orders for Moulmein, was :-4-1 . a diap atched for serv.jeo in Sinde ; but it was found advis .,,. *able to alter their destination ; . they were landed at - ` —ll onilaity, and misunde‘?"andingss of a ..vestigation, The Madras , :'• . Which broke out amongst them are at present under in grave description 4.j . 1 . ., ta ~Prci.ceo. from Belgaum to Surat in the Bombay Pre -2.oth N.I. having been ordered uency, weee suddenly cou , via-mended when two days sn their torch. The 16th (4' bier - Majesty's Native In- THE SIGN, LONDON, FRIDAY MORNING, APRIL 5 1_ 1844; 70 hhds. Allsopp's . at Rs. 65 per hhd. 103 '„ Barclay, Per :ins, and Co. at Rs. 50, per „ 80 „ Combe, Dela{.l.ld, and Co. at Rs. 45 per „ . SPIRITS.—The cinly change is in Brandy, which haS advanced about 2 annas per gallon. Sides have had effect at its. 1 14 0 and Rs. 2.0 0 respectively. proved, merely beCanse - his attempted reforms did not fall in with the • views of the Prmtorian bands of the_ State, whose, insolence and • power required a check ? If GWalior is 'formdly attached to the British dominion. after this war, or if it be so now, I think it can be de paulese at any rato, nor the Sikhs either; but again we must wait and see. The Lucknow Icing has at last discarded his disre putable minister, and set up an able and good man; it may be fairly hoped with future benefit to his ill governed country, which is always in a troubled state. Hyderabad (Nizain's) is quite tranquil, matters going on as when I last wrote. No Minister has been appointed, but the Vakeel Surajoodoula and Pershem Rambuksh contrive to manage. Chundoo Lull has not regained power, and it is said the Governor-General refused the Nizam's wish to reinstate him; so says the report; at least, -I have no other authority to give you. So much fended. Why di I not the Bhaee and the Raja pro ceed to meet the Governor-General, as was pro mised—why were the troops advanced to. fight—why did the Ranee in Dunbar openly encourage for days previous to the fight the spirit of her sirdars—if peace, was her object •? I cannot think that it was. She dis patched a confidential agent to the Governor-General as he advanced, who professed peace to him, and sent her messages to fight. If she and her advisers had de sired peace, she would have met the Governor-General. As it was, Baboo Setooha's visit was only intended to ascertain whether we were in earnest ; and he found that we were; and wrote instructions accordingly. If it be urged that Lord Ellenborough is a fighting character, and will have war, in this instance he does not stand alone. 'This advance has been contemplated for the last six months, and was agreed on in council ; the army was assembled ; and though no proclamation was made, yet the Gwalior State was fully informed of the conse quences which would follow a refusal of the terms which were demanded. Either we are rulers of India or we are not. If we occupy the place of the Emperor of Delhi and the Peishwah, we have a right to make our own terms for the security of our dominions to States which were their vassals, and are therefore ours. We have no right to dictate at Lahore or in Nepaul, but we have at Gwalior ; and to have our authority caviled at and evaded when exercise of it became inevitable would render us contemptible. lam not one of those who halloo Lord Ellenborough on to conquest. I think in this mat ter.he had'-no alternative ; and if the succession had been refused by the supreme Government, he would only have acted rightly, and asserted rights which England, no doubt, possesses ; but he was not prepared then, and since then provocation has increased. We have yet much to learn, and how the possession of Gwalior will be managed. Are we virtually to rule there, or are we merely to hold the sword ? I protest against the latter as mischievous, and have done so before, perhaps risque ad nauseam. The Calcutta papers facetiously have it thfit Lord Ellenborough pursues a " long sword, morocco bridle, whack. row-de-dow" kind of policy; and certainly it will giveample room to such persons to say that he does, seeing that he went into the thick of the fight, where billets were' flying thick as hail. I think he might have avoided this ; it has an unpleasant look. It is all very well fur people to fight who are paid to do so, and whose duty it is therefore to do so. Not so the Gover nor-General of India. His office is one of peace and diplomacy, and a stray shot might have produced not only a very bad moral effect, but a great deal of incon venience as regards public matters. This is probably the last time his Lordship will have occasion to join in an affair of the kind; but it would be as well that it were signified to him that the field of battle is not his place. It is fair only to say that he was induced to retire after some time, and that he is said to have distributed money to wounded men, as well as oranges, both of which will be gratefully remembered. As yet there is no official account of the action, and indeed private ones do not abound. It appears to have been confined to the storming of several well-served batteries loaded with grape, which is about as destruc tive a service as can well be imagined upon troops whose close formation renders heavy loss inevitable. There were three actions on the 291 h, and there is no doubt, in this simultaueous attack of three different bodies and positions, the enemy's future operations will be distracted and paralyzed. We may, however, hear of another en gagement, if any Sirdar has the heart to rally a force. I do not think it. The Mahrattas are not like Belo chees—willing to fight for their country. All the troops at Gwalior are mere mercenaries, having no interest in the land, except for their pay. The Durbar having yielded, as I will presume must be the case, the army will yield also, or break up into small parties, which will be beaten in detail. What appears of the Governor-Gene ral's action is this—that on the 29th of December, after the Quartermaster-General's party had been fired on, the army advanced towards that of Gwalior, which was strongly posted in an intrenched position, It consisted of 56 guns, well posted and served, 14 battalions of regu lar infantry, 6,000 cavalry, and some irregulars. Our own numbers are not detailed as yet, but the brunt of the fight fell upon her Majesty's 39th and 40th, the Bengal 2d Grenadiers, and the 16th, and other corps, which were roughly handled. 12,000 yards of open plain, covered only with low green corn, had to be passed before the batteries could be carried ; and the storm of grape and shell was tremendous. Nothing daunted, however, and led on most gallantly by Gene ral Valiant, the batteries were stormed, the Artillery men serving their guns to the last, and falling by the bayonet around them. The batteries forced, the other troops fled, and were pursued by the Gwalior contingent with some effect. The column of General Littler, nn the right, had a similar reception with similar results, and the field was won. The grand strength of the Mahrattas lay in their guns, which have long been known as a fine park, in excellent order. As in the battle of Mehidpoor, where Holkar lost his park, and the battery of 40 pieces of cannon was ,stormed and car ried by the bayonet alone, so in this instance the bayo net seems to have done the work, and the action not to have yielded in a display:of bull-dog courage to those of Meanee and Dubber, while the loss appears more severe. The Royal regiments have suffered severely. Of the 40th, 17 were killed, 171 wounded, with 8 officers; the Grena diers, 14 killed; the 16th,120 killed and wounded; Gene ral Littler's force, 300 killed and wounded: in all some 800 men. The enemy's loss said to be upwards of 2,000. That tine old veteran, Gen. Churchill, mortally wounded. died in the night; Captain Somerset, badly wounded in both legs; Colonel Sanders, Military Secretary to the Governor-General, shot through the heart; Major Stop ford, Captain Coddington, Lieutenant and Adjutant Nelson, of her Majesty's 40th, badly, and four other officers of the same corps, slightly, wounded. Other corps lost from 80 to 100 men each, and a proportion of officers. Besides those I have mentioned of the 39th, Major Bray, Lieutenants Gray, Munro, and Colville, are stated to be badly wounded; Captain Tinley, Lieu tenant Atkinson, Ensign; Scarlett and Bray, severely; Captains Hubert and Campbell, Lieutenant Currie and Ensign Newport, slightly. Cavalry—Major Crommelin had his leg shot off; Lieutenant Friend, badly wounded. There are also other casualties, and, till the official ac counts appear, private accounts give but uncertain par ticulars. General Valiant had a narrow escape, a . ball, which struck him on the breast, having been turned by a small pistol; his horse was wounded in three places. 'His daring courage is said to have been the admiration of all. Of the engagements with the other parties of the Gwa lior force we have no proper accounts, hut they were all brilliant and successful; and as. the Bhaee and the Regent were with the Governor-General, I hope the matter is at an end. It is well the English army was so large and well appointed as it was, or the loss would have been heavier, and the work more protracted. The reserve was not engaged at all, and with fresh troops and the whole army collected after the battles, all resistance on the part of the Mahratta army would be hopeless. It is not improbable that the 6,000 cavalry may take to the country, and plunder Mahratta fashion, and this would afford some opportunities for General Mackwell's Cavalry Brigade to distinguish themselves. But there is little hope of this ; the Mahratta horse with the Peishwa never stood for a fair fight, though num bering tens of thousands, except at Ashtee, where Gokla fell ; and all that can be expected of these Gwalior bodies is, that they will either submit to be reformed under European officers for the service of the State, or that they will take to plunder, become Pindarees, and be gradually hunted down. Of course, all are on the tiptoe of expectation for the Governor-General's proclamation, and some exposition of the course he intends to pursue. I shall not hear in time to write any comments upon it, which is somewhat provoking ; but I have no help for it, and must reserve any speculations I may have to make till next mail. At the beginning of a new year, it is only proper to look back at the events of time past, at the head of which stands Sinde. You in England appear prepared to take up this subject and make inquiries. Cur bone? We have got the country, whether for better or for worse we know not yet. It was a grave to our troops last year, and we know not whether any returns in the shape of treasure may be ever expected—cedes, we have heard of none yet. We hear of no trade either, and the splendid castle:buildings of Sir A. Burnes, &c., on this subject, have yet to be realised. That it will come to in time I doubt not ; but at present there is none more than of old, if so much. The troops are now more healthy, but upwards of 2,000 sick have come, or are coming, to Bombay, and the reliefs may present the same appear ance as the relieved next year, though may God will otherwise 1 The Ameers are at Lussoor, in a sort of imprisonment. Can they be restored ? It is an ugly matter altogether. Besides Sinde, the state of Khytul has lapsed to us. Gwalior may have been annexed, and thus we are the richer in territory, We have abstained, and justly, from interference in the Punjaub, where as yet all is quiet. Gholab Singh has gone to Jumboo with his 'army, and Heera Singh rules with such peace as he can find. Truly, however, he appears fitted for his work, and matters go on at a kind of a rate. So long as the army is petted, and money is lavished on it, it is quiet, but when this can be' done no longer what is Heera Singh to do? Treasure cannot last for ever. Gholab Single has helped himself freely, and Heera Singh is obliged to pay heavily for what support he gets. I don't think it will last—and then? We mnst wait to see—it is quite useless to spe culate. Meanwhile, powder, shot, arms, &c., are being stored up by the Sikhs, bodies of troops move into threatening positions, and matters look more as if we were to be the invaded rather than the invaders. But Lord Ellenborough is wary, and justly so, arid appears in no humour to commit himself. The Sikhs, or some of their hairbrained leaders, may be mad enough to cross the river and do some mischief, and then I pre sume the scabbard will be flung away on both sides, and we shall in the end have the Indus for our boundary; at present, however, all is quiet. Affghanistan is distracted, and Dost Mahomed can do little in the way of government or consolidation of his power. Ah, there was a sad mistake in regard to him, but now regret is useless. No attempt has been made in Peshawur, nor can the fiery Akbar Khan rouse the Mahomedan spirit for a crusade against the Sikhs. Our traitorous friend, Ali Morad, in Sinde, appears, doubtful, and whispers are heard of putting an end to his rule. It would not be atirPrising if it were done, and few wollici pity where Mahomed is Said sometimes to, be here, aoznetimes there, sometimes plotting with s awim alol- of Moultan, sometimes with the Murrees an d Brahooes ; he has done nothing, however, though the miserable state of our armies was tempting. If he could do nothing with them in their bad condition, it is not/ likely he will attack them when the reinforcements have reached them. There has been some uneasiness regarding Nepaul, on ac count of some aggressions on our ally of Lucknow's terra tory. Some troops were ordered nearer the Nepaul frontier, and the matter appears for the present to have blown over, The Uwalior news will not encourage 'the Ne for politics. - If we look back for any great improvement or ad vance in civil government, we are perhaps unable to put our fingers -upon anything very specific, yet there is no doubt that good has been dune, and is desired, and that what has been done will be followed up gradually, but unostentatiously. It is a noble thing to know that slavery is virtually extinct, and this so quietly accomplished that you hardly know of it. No debates, no party displays, no trumpeting forth of philanthropic desires, but a short and simple Government notification, which .might have escaped notice in the public papers. This has immortalized Lord Ellenborough's rulein India, and will remain shining brightly when the glories of Gwalior and Meeanee are dimmed by the lapse of years. The State lotteries of Bengal have been abolished: minor lotteries sprang up like mushrooms; they have been con ducted with unblushing dishonesty, became public nuisances, and have been cut off, after a continuance of a few months, by an act most concise, most stringent, and mast admirable. The Government lottery at Madras alone remains; and whether it will be suppressed or not remains to be seen. Deputy-magistrates have been appointed in various places, and the new system works well, as relieving the heads of departments from their load of work, hitherto unsupportable. Look back in the last ten years, and sae the improvement in civil government, and the happy effects of bringing native gentlemen into connexion with the Government. Where is now the cry of ruin to our power by their employment ? Has it not been strenthened ? Will it not continue to be strengthened ? I have no doubt of it. I look on the present and the past enactments on this head only as an earnest of what is to come, and thank God no power on earth can now say that the interests of our native subjects are neglected, or that they are denied that participation in Government which they deserved, and have earned. The pay of the minor grades of police officers has been increased, as if the Government had at last mognised the fact which has stared them in the face for 50 years, that police officers could not afford to work and be honest upon mere pittances. English civil servants were dis honest till they were placed beyond the reach of tempta tion and corruption by proper salaries. Can we expect anything more from, so called, dishonest natives ? I care not how slowly increase is made in payment ; it is enough to consider that the necessity for it has been re cognised, and is acted upon ; as time progresses, it will become appareat, and as in judicial matters, it will work its own cure. A fair trial has been demanded by num berless advocates of native improvement, and they will see their aspirations, honest as they were hearty, an swered in time. Intolerant spirit, which existed in the time of the Wellesley and Amherst Governments, was checked in that of Bentinck, and is well nigh burnt out ; at least, we hear of none, and may well conclude that it is confined to a few, a very few, of the older civilians, whose minds cannot accommodate themselves to pro gression ; they are few, and there are enough of old ci vilians with open liberal minds to carry out the more enlightened and liberal views of the English public. No man that ever governed India has been more dis interested in regard to his patronage than Lord Ellen borough. Formerly, as if jealous of interference, the whole detail of the Government of Bengal, &c., and the . whole of the patronage, were in the hand s of the Go vernor-General. Now the Deputy-Governor of Bengal has his own administration and patronage, and he of the north-west provinces the same. The Governor-General is merely the director of all—the grand point from which all great questions emanate, more particularly political. I look upon this as a vast improvement on what before existed, and trust it will never be altered. It has left the Governor-General both mental and personal liberty to act on emergent occasions for the good of the State, and has left to the direction of practical men matters of civil local administration which they are more capable, from long and intimate experience, of managing than the Governor-General. At no time have the finances of India been more firm, and the resources of the country more buoyant. Public and private securities are at a high premium, inviting . the further extension of capital and employment in useful works. I have already exceeded my space, or perhaps we could point out much to be done. If civilisation is to be accomplished, we must have the means, and those are extension of communication, roads, canals, and railways. Why not? Look at America. True, we are locally poor here in comparison, and not locomotive; but when people, poor or rich, can travel in safety faster than twelve or four teen miles a day, they will, and people who have never been beyond their own villages and towns will see won ders in the capital. We shall have improvements in time, something to save us from the present imputation, true and just, of doing nothing for the convenience of the country. Capital is superabundant in England. All your capitalists have burnt their fingers in loans to America and other States, why not. at last try here, and invest money under your own Government, and under the management of your own countrymen? Why are you tardy? What fear have you of insecurity? Send out men to look at the country, and they will report of its want of aid. It is but a month's journey, and they can judge for themselves. If ever you will begin, the Government will join you; the Government will not begin of itself, and perhaps should not; above all, do not delay; let it not be said of this enlightened tip here after, that it hung back when the interests of this noble and required her aid, science, and capital. AN INDIAN OFFICER. THIRD REPORT from the SELECT COMMITTEE on RAILWAYS. The Select Committee appointed to coutider whether any and what new provisions ought to be introduced into such Railway Bills as may come before this House during the present or future sessions, for the advantage of the public and the improvement of the railway system, and likewise to consider whether and what changes ought to be made in the Standing Orders relating to Railways, and to report their opinion thereon to the House; and who were empowered to report their opinion from time to time; and who were instructed that they had power to consider of any arrangements advantageous to the public with regard to existing Railway Companies generally, to which, in the opinion of the Committee, Parliament might justly give its sanction ;—Have fur ther examined into the matters to them referred, and have agreed to the following Resolutions and Report :- 1. The Committee, in pursuance of the directions of the House, have proceeded to consider several portions of the subject of reference, and have agreed upon the following Report, and upon the resolutions annexed to it, embracing suggestions which have exclusive regard to railways hereafter to be constructed. 2. From the number of Bills for the formation of new lines now before Parliament; from the appearance of many new schemes likely tecome under consideration in the next session; from the greatly increased favour and support which, as compared with the projects of former years, these undertakings now receive from the owners of landed property in the districts through which they are to pass; from the reduced amounts of estimates of cost, and the comparative certainty with which they can be made; and from the improvement of trade and re dundance of capital in the country, combined with the prevailing indisposition to run the risks which have ren dered some kinds of foreign investment so disastrous; the Committee anticipate a very great extension of the railway system within the next few years. 3 Independently of the formation of new Companies, those already existing under Parliamentary sanction are in many instances engaged, and in other instances likely to be hereafter engaged, in seekingßills for the improve ment of their undertakings by means of an extension of their powers in various forms. 4. It appears, therefore, to your Committee, that the present moment, while Parliament still retains in its own hands an entire and unimpaired discretion with re gard both to the incorporation of new companies and to the enlargement of the powers of old ones, affords an opportumity more favourable than any that can be ex pected hereafter to recur, for attaching beforehand to the legislitive sanction, which is sowiht by these parties on their own behalf, the conditions which may be deemed necessary for the public good, and which may realise and apply such conclusions as our experience of the railway system up to the present time may be deemed to have sufficiently established. 5. It would, however, according to the judgment of the Committee, be a narrow and unwise estimate of the public interests in this matter, which should regard them exclusively as opposed to, or even as distinct from, those of the railway companies. It is manifestly of aid great national importance to give cou ntenance and to the investment of capital in domestic improvements ; and the very complaint of monopoly, which is urged against railway companies. is an indication and a measure of the increased accommodation to the traffic of the country which they have afforded, inasmuch as it has not been so much by force of statutory enactments granting to them special privileges, as by s u p er i or cheapness, security,. and rapidity of travelling, that their command of the intercourse of their districts has b een acquired: and the Committee doubt whether the establishment of railways in this country does not afford a more remarkable instance than can be cited from any analogous subject matter, of immense, and certain, and almost uniform benefit to the public, combined with a very moderate standard of average remuneration to the projectors. 6. The Committee have been governed throughout their consideration of the subject by the strongest con viction that no step should be taken by Parliament, which would either induce so much as a reasonable sus picion of its good faith with regard to the integrity of privileges already granted, and not shown to have been abused, or which would prospectively discourage the disposition now so actively in operation to• extend the railway system by the formation of new lines. 7, But there are considerations, to be drawn from other sources, and justly applicable to this subject. Par ties who are now cr hereafter to enter into the field of railway adventure, unless they voluntarily compromise the advantages of their position by unwise proceedings, will profit largely by the costly experience of those who have preceded them, and will be able to make their cal culations with comparative certainty in many cases which were formerly full of doubt and hazard. The risks of ruinous losses being thus greatly diminished, there is in proportion less need of the prospect of a possibility of extraordinary gains in order to supply adequate induce ment to projectors. 8. The rapid and regular increase of the traffic of the country in past years, and the undiminished vigour of its productive energies at the present moment, seem to render it probable that a very aggregate receipts derivable fee cations will be. realised within generation. It is extremely di: the multiplication of railways, with such as already subsist, may keep down their reve nues; but, assuming that in many cases this may be the result, it appears, on the one hand, very possible that in such instances, unless a more direct connexion be esta blished between the protection of existing lines and the public interest, the property invested in them may . be exposed to unnecessary depreciation, and new capital expended to large amounts without any adequate ad vantage ; and, on the other hand, that there may be in other instances, where no abstraction of traffic shall be caused by new lines, an augmented in of income altogether beyond what is required for the due encou ragement, of this kind of enterprise. 9. Adverting for the present exclusively to the latter contingency, the Committee deem it clear, that although the practical monopoly of Railway Companies has been acquired in the main by the superior manner in which they have accommodated the traffic of the country, it is nevertheless regarded,. even at the present day, with considerable jealousy by the public at large; that such jealousy may be expected rapidly to grow, if the profits of Railways generally should be augmented in, any very great - degree; that questions of an embarrassing upon the original views with- which Parliament granted Acts of Incorporation to Railway Companies, might be raised, which it would be far better to obviate; and that on-these accounts it is wise to reserve on the part of the State the right of intervention, at a date sufficiently remote, in the concerns of these Companies, and of a reconsideration of their powers, and privileges. 10. Again, great as have been the benefits of Railways to the public, that circumstance does not afford any good reason against, seeking, by any just and reasonable means to enlarge those advantages. Now.it is material to ob serve that in this country what is called the high fare system ordinarily prevails; that the average charge or Railway communication, a charge falling, in no inconsi derable degree on trade and commerce, is very mei higher than in other countries where Railways have beat established; and that there is no clear or early prospect of a general reduction of the rate of charge under the present system of IndependentCompaniee even although it might be possible that that great experiment might be tried, if it were tried fully and universally, with no very unfavourable result, even upon immediate returns. It is a qmestion which the Committee are far from thinking themselves able at present to determine, whether it would or not be advisable that the Government should; at a future period, endeavour to effect a material reduc e tion of this charge ; and although, on the one hand, it would be premature and most unwise in any degree to prejudge this question, yet in the opinion of the Com mittee it is desirable to reserve to public, authority the means of forming a judgment upon it when a proper time shall have arrived. at least in all those cases with regard to which the Legislature dies not stand com mitted, by proceedings already taken, to a different course. 11. The power and influence lodged in the hands of Railway Companies, as well as the jealousy entertained towards them by the public, might rise, under conceiv able tircumstances, to an inconvenient height : tad though the Committee do not regard such a con tingency as tone of very probable occurrence, yet they, consider that even its existence as a contingency may. come in aid of other an I very forcible reasons for reserv ing, on the part of the State, an opportunity of resuming its jurisdiction, and of establishing effective control over the railways of country. 12. The Committee are aware that it may be objected to the adoption of a specific mode of dealing with new railways, that it would be highly desirable to apply the same mode of procedure to all undertakings of that nature. But they have not thought that Parliament would be justified in enacting, with regard to existing rail.vays, independently of the concurrence of the com panies, all the provisions which they are about to recom mend for new lines ; nor have they been able to devise, as the basis of a voluntary arrangement, any terms, to which a sufficiently general and early assent of bodies so numerous and mixed could reason ably be anticipated. They believe, however, from the evidence which has been given before them, and for the most part by persons largely interested in Railways, connected with their management, and en joying in a high degree the confidenceof the proprietors, that there exists among those bodies, to no inconsider able extent, an apprehension of the effects that may be produced in the present state of trade and of the money market, from the multiplication of undigested schemes, and an anxiety to establish new and more definite rela tions between themselves and the State upon terms of mutual advantage. And the Committee entertain the hope, that among the existing Companies there may be those which will be disposed to accede to arrangements, resembling in their general principle and effect those which are now proposed for new railways. 13. The House, however, will not fail to observe, that there were reasons, during the infancy of railway en terprise and the uncertainty of its general success, against imposing prospective liabilities upon projectors, which have now in a great degree ceased to operate; and that it may have been right not to subject the earlier railways to any option of revision or purchase, and yet may still be right to place railways now contemplated under such conditions. 14. But although the efforts of earlier projectors have reduced to comparative certainty, for the benefit of their successors, much of what was to themselves doubtful and hazardous, it still remains in a high degree pro • blematic3l what results of the railway system, at pre. sent unforeseen, may be developed during the next fifteen or twenty years. In this state of things the Committee would deem it unwise to enter into any engagements which should tend to restrain the free action of the Legislature or Government in future times, as it is im , possible to judge what amount of inconvenience might thereby be entailed; but they would propose that such powers only should be taken as, even though they may fall short of the full extent of the occasion when it ar rives, may be either exercised for some substantial ad vantage, or, at the worst, left in abeyance without detriment. 15. And the Committee are disposed to believe that if these powers be reasonable in their nature and amount, the circumstance of their assumption, or rather of their reservation, by Parliament, will have no tendency to dis courage railway enterprise, but, on the contrary, may rather go to augment the rational confidence of parties disposed to engage in it ; because the indirect interest thus established in the railways, on the behalf of the public, will tend to soften the jealousy with which the great influence of the Companies, and their almost ex elusive command of traffic, are regarded, and to remove to a greater distance the probability of any unfavourable change in the tone of legislation respecting them, or of any such undiscriminating encouragement of the multi plication of new lines in districts already provided with accommodation, as would require the unnecessary ex penditure of new capital, and entail a depreciation (Axe isting property, not compensated by corresponding ad vantage to the public. 16. The Committee will not at this time further ex plain their view of competition by new railway compa nies against old ones than by stating that they are in clined to believe it may be much more efficient, as an in strument of injury to those which already subsist, than as a means of guaranteeing to the public increased cheapness of travelling ; a result which there is reason to believe can rarely or never be realised, under the pre sent circumstances of railways, from that source, for any considerable length of time. But the power of encou raging, or, if need be, of creating competition, even al though the remedy thus to be supplied might be partial, and must be costly, is nevertheless an engine of great capabilities in the hands of the State, and one which might be used to •prac tical advantage in any case in which railways realising very large profits should manifest a disposition to deal illiberally by the public. 17. In this remark respecting the undiscriminating encouragement of competition, the Committee have con templated exclusively the class of lines which might be instituted for the purpose of abstracting the traffic of existing railways, and by no means such as, by materially shortening the distances between important places, or by opening up new sources of traffic from districts pre viously unprovided for, are entitled to be' judged upon their independent merits. 18. Besides the important powers which the Committee propose to reserve for optiona l exercise at a distant !erne wlin t e o s t o h f ir r d a i.c lw la a ss y t o h f ey cer r t ec ai o n m i m m e n n i e d cb t a h t e e with reg ard imposition oline passengers, and to the service of public departments, which they trust and believe will not be found onerous in their operation. 19. The Committee have still to look forward to the completion of many important parts of their inquiry. They have not as yet hilly examined into the changes which it may be desirable to make in the Standing Orders relating to Bills for new railways, and to the construction of their works; the state of the law and practice with regard to parochial rating ; the degree ct supervision which it may be wise for any department of the Government to exercise over future railway schemes in their earlier stages; the conditions which it may be desirable to attach to the grant of new powers (whether for amalgamation, for increase of capital, or for other beneficial purposes) to companies already incorporated, or tinder which any prospective and voluntary arrange ment for an option of purchase or revision might be made applicable to them; or the general regulations of law ap. dilicable to all railway companies alike, which it may be politic to adopt, with a view to the yet more safe and satis factory management of these most useful and most impor • taut concerns. To guard, however, against any misunder standing of these latter words, the Committee must add, that they point chiefly to amendments in the law, and that any discretionary powers of interference with their man agement which it might be thought fit to grant, should, in their judgment, be restrained within the narrowest limits. 20. Your Committee have now to submit the resolu tions with which they are to close this Report ; and in doing so they have only to add that while they have studied to render them conformable in their principles to the important considerations which have just been ex plained, they are aware that some of the particulars stated in them—as, for example, the precise term of fifteen years and of 10 per cent. respectively—may be open, upon sufficient cause shown, to some modification, 'without impairing their general effect. RESOLUTIONS OF THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON RAILWAYS, WITH REGARD TO NEW RAILWAYS. I. That the powers to be granted by any Act of the present or future sessions of Parliament, for the con struction of new lines of railway, whether trunk, branch, or junction lines, shall be subject to the following con ditions : IL That if at the end of a term of years to be fixed, the annual divisible profits upon the paid-up share capital of any such line of railway shall be equal to a per centage to be fixed, or so soon after the expiration of the said term as the said *per centage shalt have been reached, it shall be in the option of the Goverment either, first, to purchp.aa the, hula S U lie 1 4 7 , 4 , / -.:• - ••-s- - .- • "` - i Ft'. .1 ' Barg WWWillig • vim 1 g e L the 4 x.r4 fficotirgivrim 7. 4 r, . r ,, , more lirirts - t!to • ' i MISCELLANEOUS, G ALIOR. Matters in Gwalior have now become satisfactorily ar• ranged, and the country settled down into complete tran quillity. The late stirring events, however grave in cha racter they may appear with rational minds, have seemingly had but little effect on those of the cool Mah rattas. The ordinary results which might have been anticipated from a proverbially sulten, if not exasperated foe, have, in the present instance, given place to the utmost gaiety ; and the melar.choly reflections suggested to them by the complete overthrow of their boasted preparation for defence, with the dismantlement of those strong fortresses which bygone recollections ought to have rendered almost sacred in them—with subjugation by a formerly detested enemy—have been totally swal lowed up, as it were, in the gratification of their vitiated appetites, ,supplied them by their numerous holidays, and the innumerable fancy fairs which constitute the Eldorado :of the sluggish people of the East. The greater portion of their army have come in and tendered submission, and several of the chief officers and sirdars have already followed the example, and received appointments under the re-organized Government. A. list of those chiefs who were instrumental in bringing about the late disturbances has been presented to the Governor-General by the Minister Ram Rao Phalked ; but a decision had not yet been come to as to their disposal. Others had received peremptory orders to q uit the countr y , but, being anxious to remain, had offered large sums to any one who would undertake to bring about a reconciliation. The sons of Colonel Jacob were preparing to leave, and the old Colonel himself, who is represented a creditor contra to the Government to the amount of about one million sterling, was totally undecided what course to pursue. Above eighty brass guns, have been made over to us, independently of those taken on the field of battle; and about twenty thousand of the troops have laid down their arms, and volunteered their services in the contin gent. The following appointments, which have been officially announced, may, therefore be relied on:— "To command Scindiah's Contingent, and to be Governor of the fortress of Gwalior, with the rank, pay, and allowances of a Brigadier of the first class— Lieutenant-Colonel A. Stubbs, 24th Regiment Native Infantry. Lieutenant Frank Turner, Artillery, Major of Brigade. Brevet Captain H. S. Grimes, 46th Native Infantry, Paymaster. First Lieutenant Alexander Cun ningham, Engineers, Executive Engineer. Artillery.—lst Company, Lieutenant J. H. Smith. 2d Company, Lieutenant Robert Warburton. 3d Com pany, Brevet Captain Vincent Eyre. 4th Company, Lieutenant A. W. Hawkins. Ist Regiment. of Cavalry.—Brevet Major W. Minto, 18th Regiment N. 1., Commandant. Ciptain W. Ander son, 59th Regiment N. 1., s econd in command. Lieute nant R. N. Raikes, 67th Regiment N. 1., Adjutant. Mr. Assistant-Surgeon J. Hope, Surgeon. 2d Regiment of Cavalry—Captain J. Lumsdaine, 58th Regiment N. 1., Commandant. Lieutenant R. H. Sale, 9th Regiment N. 1., second in command. Lieutenant W. Alexander, 10th Light .Cavalry, Adjutant. Mr. As sistant-Surgeon W. Pringle, M.D., Surgeon. Ist or Grenadier Regiment of Infantry—Captain G. B. Mitchell, 2d European Regiment, Commandant. Brevet Captain J. Hennessey, 70th Regiment of Native Infantry, second in command. Lieutenant the Baron F. A. Von Meyern, Adjutant. Mr. Assistant-Surgeon J. E. Hope, Surgeon. 2d Regiment of Infantry—Brevet Captain M. T. Blake, 54th Regiment of Native Infantry, Commandant; Lieutenant A. H. Ross, 42d Native Infantry, second in command ; Lieutenant J. H. Nembhard, 56th Regiment Native Infantry, Adjutant ; Mr. Assistant-Surgeon H. B. Hinton, Surgeon. 3d Regiment of Infantry—Captain Harry M. Graves, 16th Regiment Native Infantry, Commandant ; Brevet Catitain A. F. Macpherson, 43d Regiment Native In fantry,, second in command ; Lieutenant R. H. D. Tul-' loch, 39th Regiment Native Infantry, Adjutant ; Surgeon. 4th Regiment of Infantry—Captain N. A. Parker, 68th -Regiment Native Infantry, Commandant ; second in command ; Lieutenant H. B. Shelton, 38th Regiment Native Infantry, Adjutant ; ---, Surgeon. sth. Regiment of Infantry—Captain W. H. Halford, 41st Regiment Native Infantry, Commandant ; Captain 'C. J. Richardson, 57th Regiment Native Infantry, second in command ; —, Adjutant • —, Surgeon. 6 t h Regiment of Infantry—Captain! Sommerset J. Grove, 68th Native Infantry, Commandant : second in command ; Adjutant ; Surgeon. With some portionsof territory which have been ceded, 190,0001. have been paid in order to defray the expenses of the war, with an. additional sum of 70,000/. as an ac quittance to the British Government. The installation of the young Maharajah took place on the 20th January. The Governor-General, the Commander-in-Chief, and the resident, Colonel Sleeman, with the chief.political and military authorities, were present. Splendid presents were given on both sides. A grand review was likewise held on the 22d, in presence of the Maharajahs and Sir dars, with the principal persons about the court. The ce lebration of the nuptials of the Maharajah took place on the lst - of February amidst the greatiest rpjoicings, when a display of fireworks on a grand scale took place, and 10,0004 was distributed among the Brahmins in charity. Lord Ellenborough took his departure from Gwalior on the 23d of January, accompanied by General Grey, and the left wing of the army, and General Littler, with a division, remains for a time behind. Major Drummond, Deputy Quartermaster-General, was the 'arbiter ap pointed to settle the amount of compensation for the damage done the fields during the advance of the troops. The Christian officers and men who had been compelled to leave previous to the commencement of hostilities have . all, through • the benevolent intervention of Major Considerable mystery attaches to the movements of the Governor-General, who was expected in Calcutta about the 26th of February—the second anniversary of the day of his advent to India, which he was said to be desirous of solemnising at the seat of government. He had left his secretaries behind him, and as no official no tification had been made of his departure from the north-west, it was supposed likely that he might speedily return to watch from the other side of the Sutlej the affairs of the Punjaub. The eyes of the good folks of Calcutta have, this month for the first time, been gratified with the arrival and departure of a couple of Suez steamers. The Hindostan left on the 13th, with 103 passengers on board—she took the ground when well down the river, but after some delay was got off again without damage; the Bentinck arrived from Suez on the 18th, after a beautiful run of twenty-four days. She brought with her 41 passengers. Singularly enough the number of letters and newspapers to and from Bombay appears as yet in no way to be diminished by the amount sent by the Calcutta steamers. A shock of earthquake was ex perienced at Trincomalee on February 12; it seems to have occasioned little or no damage; The Napab of Surat has sent home a memorial by the present steamer, claiming from the Court of Directors the restoration of an annuity of 15,000/. a year, guaranteed to the grand father of his wife, his heirs, and successors, by treaty with the British Government of 1800, in lieu of thego vernment and revenues of Surat, then made over to us on threat of violence. The suspension of payment took place on the death of the late Nawah, the last of the male line of the royal house—the treaty being understood to include both male and females. We are bound not' to pass over in silence the logs whiCh our society has susta;ned in the death of Mr. Sutherland, late Secretary to the Law Commission. BOMBAY LOCAL. A subscription is now on foot, and is filling up rapidly. - for the erection of a monument to the memory of Major Eldred Pottinger. The brass guns in the desert between Cutch and Sinde are being broken up in small pieces, and sent to the Presidency on bullocks, to furnish metal for the column to be erected by Government at Bombay, in honour of the victory of Meeanee. A subscription has been opened to receive money to assist in the libera tion of Colonel Stoddart and Captain Conolly, now be lieved to be alive in Bokhara. The London mail of the 6th January reached Bombay on Sunday morning, Feb. 11, per Victoria steamer. This was the largest mail which has ever reached Bombay — amounting to 37,396 letters, and 44,667 papers. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer Bentinek reached Point de Galle from Aden on the 10th, Madras on the 14th, and Calcutta on the 18th of February, with dates from England of the 6th of January ; but, through some unexplained cause, the heavy mails for thoseplaces, instead of being sent on direct by her, were, as usual, forwarded to Bombay. The Bombay express, with the first portion of the Overland Mail, reached Madras on the 16th, and Calcutta on the 1911. The Bentinek made the distance from Calcutta to Suez, and vice versa, in the shortest space of time on record. The number of deaths which occurred on the island of Bombay during the month of January was 1,100, 252 of which were from cholera, which disease seems to have settled down into one of the ordinary maladies of the. place. Her Majesty's ship Thalia, 42 guns, Captain Charles Hope, got under weigh on Thursday afternoon, the 15th, for New South Wales and the Pacific station, but got on shore on the Prongs shoal, off the light-house. As it was young flood, she was go t off in about ten minutes, but Captain Hope thought it advisable to return and take up an outside berth till the ship's bottom was ex amined. On examination, it was found that there was no reason to suppose any damage had been sustained • beyond the false keel being rubbed in some places. The vessel proceeded on her voyage on the morning of Sunday, the 18th. THE MARKETS.—OBSERVATIONS . The continued existence of the causes noticed in our last, as accounting for the dulness of trade, combined with the partial interruption. of business occasioned at this season by the preparation of the natives for the ce lebration of the Hoolee Festival, have rendered the pre- sent month one of great inactivity in a commercial point of view. The inquiry for nearly all descriptions of im ports has been extremely limited, and the sales, as will be perceived, are comparatively few and unimportant. METALS.—The prices of copper exhibit scarcely any change, with the exception of those of tile andouth American, the former of which is ab4ut Rs. 11, the latter Rs. 1 to 11 per cwt. higher than last month. Brazier's has been sold to Rs. 561 per cwt. The only alteration in iron is a dec'ine of Rs. 1 per candy in Swedish, and Rs. Ito in British bar. Lead is rather lower, and quicksilver has receded from Its. 1174 to 118 to Rs. 105 to 107 per maund. There have been no sales of speller, and we retain last month's quotations for this article. Tin plates are in some request, and command rather higher rates. We subjoin a list of the - sales that I have been reported to us for publication. Corrox MANUFACTURES.—Of , the goods in which . business has been done during the past month, low qua lities of grey and bleached jacconets, and grey madapol• lams appear to have been- mot in request, while for muslins, fancy cambries, and Turkey red goods, there has •been a fair inquiry ; and the whole of these, with the exception of the latter—the prices of which, not withstanding the demand, have slightly given way— have fully maintained the rates current last month. There has been no improvement in grey longcloths, and bleached have declined 1 to 2 annas per piece ; grey sheetings and domestics also continue greatly depressed, There have been few transactions in prints; but prices are without change. Zebras are still neglected. and un saleable save at rates that' must leave a ruinous loss to shippers. YARNS.—The sales of yarns have been very limited ; and few alterations in prices have taken place. Nos. 20 and 30 mules remaining stationary, 40 and 50 have been sold on lower terms ; but prices are now looking up again, and the higher numbers, from 60 to 100, all exhibit some improvement. In water the only change has been in No. 20, which has been also sold at a rather lower figure, though holders are now firm in demand ing fully last month's prices. Turkey red is unchanged in value but orange seems to have declined a little. The following are amongst the sales of the month ; WOOLLENS.—The market for woollens continues very dull, and the few sales reported are at extremely low rates. We have heard of the disposal of 5,000 yards fituinel at Rs. 09 3 per yard, and of 720 yards at Rs. 110. MARINE STORES.—AII descriptions of marine stores liavg heel} dull of sale, but we hear of no material change in value, 190 . belts of ewes, Nos 7 l to 7, have been sold at Rs. 161 per bolt ; and 450 lbs. 1 411. d V, at 8 ans. per lb. SAFFRON.—We hear of sales of inferior at Rs. 21 per lb., and of fair qualities at Rs. 25k. CORES.-B,OQO gross have been sold so low as 14 ans. per gross. BorrLEs.—We have heard of no transactions, and prices remain stationary. BEER.—The market for most descriptions has been, until within the last few days, completely bare, and the tralisactions that have taken place are as undermen tioued - . • EASTERN P RODITCE. COTTON.—Rather n exten , dye business has baen done since our last, and prices of all descriptions save Ooinra wuttee and Compta have still further given way. We may now quote them as below : Brcach and Surat, old, Rs. 84 to 85 'pi candy. Dollera do. „ 84 . . Oomrawuttee new „ 95 Ditto old „ 80 Barsee Compta do. „ 82 to 83 ~ COFFEE.—There is none here at present, and prices are entirely nominal. OPIUM is somewhat higher than last mouth, the price now being Its. 1,200 at 1,210 per chest. 17oot.: . —Khorassan has improved in price, but all other sorts are unchanged. PEPPEII.—We hear of purchases of Malabar Pepper, at Its, 49 per candy, and Cardamoms at Rs. 40 per maund. FREIGHTS have risen since our last, and may now be quoted for first class vessels at 31. 10s. to London and Liverpool, and ss. per ton leSs for second class ships. There is no ship loading for the Clyde. Freight to China is Rs. 17 per candy. MONEY MARKET.—Money continues extremely plen tiful, but does not appear to induce speculative opera tions. The paper of the Two Four per Cent. Loans is the same in value as last month, but that of the Five per Cent. has still further advanced, as will be perceived from the subjoined quotations . 4 per cent. loan of 1832-33 Sa. Rs. 1061 do. of 1835-36 Co.'s „ 99 1 to 100 5 do. of 1841-42 ~ ' , 11l to 1111 EXCIIANGE.—BiIIs on England at six months' sight have been sold at Is. 114 d., a,t ls. 1 I id. during the month, but the present rate for respectable drafts cannot be quoted higher than Is. 114 d. to Is. 1181-30 days bills are at Is. 10d. to Is. 101 d. Exchange on Calcutta Rs. 1011 to 1031 at 60 days' sight ; on Madras Rs. 891 at 30 days' sight and on China Rs. 216 per 100 dolls. BANKS.—Bombay Bank Shares are at 42 to 43 per cent. premium, and those of the Bank of Western India at 28 to 30 per cent. PRICE OF BULLlON.—Sovereigns, each—Es. 11 0 0 to 11 30. Bank Notes, per .E Rs. 10 80to11 0 O. CHINA. The accounts from China are down this month to Dec. 24, but there is scarcely anything worth noticing. Busi ness in Canton had, hoiever, considerably improved ; but in the article of opium, both here and at other places, hardly any sales had been effected, but at considerable loss to the holders. _ _ --- The ratification of the supplementary treaty had been received from the Emperor, and Captain Brooke, of the 55th Regiment, was on his way with it and other dispatches for the home Government. The sickness at Hong-Kong has become almost ex tinct ; and the wives of the soldiers are said to have suffered more severely during its prevalence than the men themselves, from carelessness on their part, and the want of proper shelter. At Shanghae trade continued dull, owing to some very partial restrictions imposed by the Emperor on the Cus toms department, a subject which was about to be brought to the attention of Sir H. Pottinger. The Cornwallis transport, from England, had safely arrival at Hong-Kong with the recruits and officers of the 98th Regiment, Major-General d'Aguilar, Com mander of the Forces in succession to Lord Saltoun. THE AFFAIRS OF INDIA. (From the Times.) The following interesting letter, from a correspondent whose experience in India entitles his opinions to atten tion and who has access to peculiar sources of informa tion in that country, reached us, in consequence of some unexplained delay, only a few days since, Although, as a mere matter of intelligence, it has been, of course, an ticipated by the papers which arrived in due course by the last mail, the letter contains so much of interest upon the state of affairs in India, that it will amply repay perusal : CAMP, DECCAN, JANUARY, 1844. The old year, which began with war, has ended, al hough there was a temporary lull, with war also ; and you will not be surprised , after the tenor of my late letters, to hear that a general action has been fought near Gwalior, and that the Mahratta aainy of Sindia has been defeated with heavy loss. What may be your English ideas upon this subject I know not, but there appears considerable difference of opinion upon the sub ject in India: if we may believe the press, some having it that Lord Ellenborough has acted only as he ought to have done, and as it was impossible for him to avoid ; others, that this is but a new edi- lion of the Sinde affair, as unjustifiable and as unprovoked. I confess I do not join with either at present. Many very hasty and improper judgments were promulgated in almost every new affair last year. As yet we know nothing regarding the Gwalior affair s. No copies of treaties have transpired quietly, no confi dential correspondence has oozed out of the Secretariat; in fact, these are very different times to those of the Auckland Administration, when everybody knew every thing that went on in every department, and when, if there was any doubt on the subject, whole draughts of letters were published and commented on. Now all is as close as secresy can make it. All the newspapers or the people can do is to conjecture, for not a hint of a public paper now gets wind to refresh weary, waiting correspondents, and enable them to make their letters Teeny valuable. Lord Ellenborough's orders have been marvelously obeyed on this point certainly, and it shows the discipline in which tt;e offices now are in comparison with what they were. For this reason the public is igno rant of the real terms of this Gwalior war, and it is only to be hoped that there was a good cause for it, which may transpire hereafter. Some causes are, however, obvious, and they may be all. I proceed to narrate events as they have occurred. In my last, I may have informed you of the Governor- General's arrival at Agra; perhaps not—at all events, you will have heard of it through the papers. A few days after his arrival, the army began its march towards Gwalior, in gradual portions, Lord Ellenborough ac companying the main body—determined, I conclude, to be his own political manager, and td trust no one in an affair of such delicacy arid importance as this. Some people find fault with this, but, for my own part, I think I see that, come praise, or come blame, Lord Ellenbo rough has determined to answer for the Gwalior affair himself ; and I rather admire his accompanying the army, though not his subsequent conduct, which will expose him to much animadversion, I fear. At the news of the move of the troops, the Gwalior Durbar was violently agitated, and there was some bloodshed in the camp, in consequence of the quarrels of the troops. Sir Richmond Shakespeare was on the spot, and supposing the possession of the Dada Khasgee to be the whole of our desire, the Bhaee made up her mind to part with her favourite, and he was made over to Sir Richmond with eut.any stipulation whatever. This looked like uncon ditional surrender ; the most pacific messa g es w ere in terchanged, and it is said Lord Ellenborough's demands were admitted by the Bhaee and Durbar, and that all promised a pacific termination. lie dismissed the siege train, which had gone some marches to Agra, and there was nothing heard of but the festivities which were to ensue, when the Bhaee Regent, and the young Raja met the army on the Chumbuk or at Dholpoor. All this has, however, turned out very indifferently, and the causes of the change are not very difficult to observe. It was one thing for a weak Ranee, ands few of her party, to give a nominal assent to demands which, in all proba bility, accordiag to Mahratta usage and custom, they had not the slightest intention of abiding by; and quite another for those most affected by them—a lawless sol diery, and their even more lawless leaders—to submit to them. By accounts from correspondents at Gwalior, it appears that of the principal leaders some chose to obey the summons of the Ranee to Durbar, others chose to disobey them. In fact, those who had anything to gain went, and those who had all to Mae stayed away. No one appears to have been under the least control. Faction appears to have been dominant to the last; till. when destruction or starvation threatened all, all united in that aggression or Opposition, call it what you will, which produced the general action. In some respects the troops have acted like those of Sinde, but not so the Ranee, who, when the British troops had fairly crossed the Chumblik, though the Governor-General s having ordered back the siege train may appear pacific, consi dered such an advance as a virtual invasion of her king dom, and did her best to inspire her troops with spirit enough to oppose the advance. As yet, as I have said, We know nothing of the previous negotiations ; very pro bably vague promises were made by the Durbar, which were evaded when a settlement was pressed. Major Sleeman was deputed to Gwalior to ascertain real intentions ; and from the non-effect of his persuasions, it may be inferred either that the Ranee possessed no power to abide by her promises, wanted the inclination, or that the troops would not allow her. The British troops advanced, and encamped within a short distance of the Mahratta , force ; a reconnoitering party, under the Quartermaster-General, was fired on, and thus hostilities commenced. Ybu, and half the press of England, if not the whole, will cry out that such an armed advance, as in the case of Sinde, is equal to a declaration of war, and that the Gwallior Durbar had no resource, in honour, but to op pose it. But, on reflection, you will find a material dif ference between the two. We cannot call the Gwalior a tributary State, but it has long been a dependent one. Sinde was neither one nor the other, entirely inde pendent, and having a right to do what it pleased with its own. While a reg ular succes s i on existed in the Gwalior State, we might not have had any right of in terference, but when this ceased, and the suc cession was continued only on sufference as it were, and, in my humble opinion, a very mis taken principle, we became invested with a right of control, at any rate during any minavity, When this was defied or evaded, and when a very large body of mutinous and disaffected troops could not be controlled by a weak intriguing woman, and a factious Regent, I think we could not delay a settlement of What, if pro longed, would have become without doubt a nucleus for the disaffected of central India, and a fertile cause of future trouble and expanse. With the full consent of (livelier. Stat'et w 9 sated 9,4 - fd goptcplle4 affairs ai (livelier for 14 or 15 years, no measure has been undertaAiea without bar consent, A contingent was established, of no great magnitude certainly, but enough to prove the footing ta were on. The disgraced Minister was appointed with the Governor-General's concurrence, and the adoption of the present boy was only with his consent. I distinctly recognise his right to have forbidden it , accordin g to Indian usages; hut there may be other stipulations in treaties of which I am not aware. Having this authority, could we in honour 14 , 0 iv wit)) the disgrace of the Qf wiioul we bad ar aril 5. rcase. ....an....