The Sun. — London, England, 1839-04-06 00:00:00

it no t to the o f the rid tb° s o ral, h e Pre: such E VENING EDITION LITrat,IT U RE . BRITISH AND FOREIGN REVIEW—No.IB. Taylor, London, 1639. of Copy wr i g h t question, which forms the subject f the first article in the number before us, is fairly enough argued, with this exception, that the Reviewer is o pposed t o th e protracted term of sixty years, as pro- Posed by Sergeant Talfourd. If he is averse to the granting of this term unconditionally, we will allow that there is some force in his onjection ; but if he is hostile to it, no matter what conditions favourable to authors may be affixed to it, then, we say, that he is advocating the cause of injustice. With his proposal to disencum ber the measure of the formidable machinery for litiga tion with which it is armed, to the dismay of the judges, tand the terror of literary men, we cordially agree, for is unq uest i onably a radical defect in the Learned sergeants Bill. ."Fhe works of G eorge S an d" i s a , analytical criticism on the writings of Madame budevant, who has assumed the 710711 de guerre of Sand, and whose earliest novels, we are told, contain snatches of beautiful description, fine raillery, and deli cate observati on , strangely interspersed throughout Scenes lurid w i th every false desire, and orgies of a b . lasphemous mad ness . U nfortunately, this is too much a nee, the cha racter of the fictitious literature of modern Pr which consequently contains few or none of the elements of perpetuity. " Present State and Prost pects of W a ll achia and Moldavia," displays much useful inf ormation, and expresses a strong conviction chef l inhabit ants of these Principalities would feel ththemselves essentially benefited by being placed under e sway of A ustr i a, whose Government, far dif erent from that of the Russians, is, on the whole, fr iendly to the labourin Physic a l comforts of th g classes, e and I promotes the e people. n e on the Life a n d W ritings of Coleridge," we th have es say an elabo rately-drawn character of the intellectual idiosyncrasy of this poet. The article is one continuous flow of pane gyric, at times quite hyperbocal, were te Re viewer hints th at Coleridge was one of as the h master- h spirits of his day, who stamped it with his own impress. Now, never was there a greater error than this. As a poet, the author of the " Ancient Mariner" influenced only a small circl e ; and as a philosopher, he had no influence at all, because, generally sp.aking, he was not only unintelligible to others, but even to himself. We have read Page after page of his " Frid in whic we ave Pe en unable, however anxious, en to ," discover h even h the Oct gof a m ean i ng. The mystical character of Cole !idge's metaphysical writings has been admirably exposed have Peacock's " Malincourt," the best prose satire we had since Arbuthnot's " John Bull." In the arti cle entitled Justice and Profit of a Uniform Penny Postage," the Reviewer expresses himself favour of Mr. Rowland nev Hill's experiment., observing that " there er was a financial experiment of such glorious pro mise attended with so little risk of failure. But the less should be accepted than the entire plan of a Uniform Penny Post. We ought to prefer even the present system to a mere reduction too small to check smuggling, or materially increase correspondence, which therefore would be a dead loss to the revenue, requiring to be made up by other taxes, and the failure of which would of triumphantly quote d , as the failure of the principles a Uniform Penny Postage." In the " Speeches of Lord Brougham," a spirit of strong and even rancorous Pers onality is e v id ent, which greatly detracts from its merit. Otherwise, it is eleverly written, in point of style. Of the remaining articles, that on " Public rAteation in Russia," is the best, QU -4RTERLY REVIEW, No. CXXVI. Murray, L on d on , 183 g. ;l T here are severa l very entertaining articles in this umber, but among them we certainly cannot rank the g-wind e d d i ssertation on " Oxford Theology " —a Subject which, however all-important it may seem in the e yes of a Q uarter l y Rev i ewer, i s of no great interest to the community at large. The temper in which this notable article is written may be judged of from the banner in which that illustrious philosopher, Locke, is spoke n of. "He is the man," observes the Reviewer, " who, of all others, has done most to corrupt our et hics, unsettle our politics, and debase our meta- Physics." Immediately afterwards follows a sneer at P aley, one of the shrewdest, most liberal, and most en lightened divines and moralists that ever graced the English Protestant Church—whose only fault, indeed, was that his general tone of thinking was far too liberal to suit the views of an intolerant hierarchy. The Quar. terly may sneer at these two great men as long as it pleases, but it will never, notwithstanding its caustic sarcasm, be able to sneer them out of fashion. They have taken too deep it root in our national literature, ever to be dislodged. Paley's " Natural Theology," in Particular, is as much a standard work as any in the language, and has been of incalculable benefit to the cause of true religion, by appealing to common sense, instead of the mere dogmas of priests. The notice of Captain Scott's " Travels in Andalusia" is the work of 1 1 writer who is evidently familiar with every step of the ground over which the Captain conducts his readers ; and points out his numerous errors unceremoniously, but at the same time without ill -nature. There are several vivid descriptions of natural scenery in this criticism, which show the master hand. " The plains," observes the Reviewer, " in the neighbourhood of Medina Sidonia, are uncultivated, treeless, houseless, and lifeless ; the Meeting extremities of Spain and Africa resemble each Other in desolate character, heightened by the silence of loneliness. Vigo, a mid-way town, is perched on a shelving precipice ; below, crouches the miserable Venta, a dark lspot in the memory's waste of travellers ; a rocky gorge eads to the shores of the Strait and to Tarifa ; a Moor ish watch-tower invites the wearied stranger to repose, no while he gazes on the magnificent panorama. Africa, flat line of desert sand, rises abruptly out of the sea, 1 0 a tremendou s jumble, backed by the eternal shadows of the Atlas. Two continent s lie before us ; we have reached the extremities of the ancient world ; a narrow gulph divides the lands of knowledge, liberty, and civili zation, from the untrodden regions of danger and mys tery. Yon headland is Trafalgar, where Nelson sealed with his life's blood the empire of the sea." Speaking incidentally of the Alhambra, the Reviewer goes on to observe that it has been completely done for in Annuals, insomuch that the bright suns and snowy mountains of Granada, lithographised with Highgate effect s an d Hampstead squalls, encumber even the album of school girls, astonishing those who have never been there, al most as much as those who have. " Beale on the Na tural History and Fishery of the Sperm Whale," is a remarkably spirited paper, and gives some vivid details respecting the mode of capturing this monster of the deep. " Letters on P araguay " contains a well-drawn character of the Dictator, Dr. Francia, whom the Re viewer believes to be by no means the sanguinar that h e has been generally represented to be. y " d State spote and Prospects of Asia" i s , i n some passages, more libe trbou alorinigtvone than we s h ou ld h ave expected from such a going party Journal as the " Quarterly." " Lif e o f Thomas Telford " is an entertaining biogra phical sketch of one of the cleverest engineers that Modern times have known. " Colonial Government," as a matter of course, finds all sorts of faults with Lord D urham's Report, which the Reviewer predicts will be come a text-book of disaffection in the distant recesses °I . our American provinces. Altogethe r the Number may be considered a very fair average one. BOULOGNE SUR-3IER. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sirt)--As you or some of your friends may a t t imes wish to enjoy the refreshing sea breezes and amuse ments that are to be procured on this side the water, particularly a t thi s f avour ed town, at little ex c i . " ti e nl ase of money, but more particularly comfort an e trust you will insert the following re tnark s f or the good of the public, and also that the better judgment of the Directors of the Farnmercial Steam Company will induce them ltbandon this absurd plan, and consult more the com fort of t h e passengers and their own intere s t, f or sure I ", if th ey persist in this not only lubberly, but danger -91.14 and exp ens i ve experiment, that as far as Boulogne ".neerned, it w ill b e " ad i eu la vo i ture, adieu la danger 0s with them. a d 'rhe Comm erc i a l S team Pac k et C ompany hav i ng ertised for thi s month the days and hours of sail i ng of tteir Packets from London, for this port, viz., every the laY morning at 10 o'clock, I consider it right to warn ''" Publi c of the inconvenience and delay they will ex al.}ri:nee .Y leaving London on certain days by the t it ° •ii Z e l B els ;—for instance, on Sunday the 7th ins t., " e high water here at 4h. 54m. p.m., .and theo vessels•Y 21st instant, at 511. 34m. p.m., so allowing t welve h to make their passages in the . usual time, 'viz ours, they will arrive off this port from five to 84. hours after high water, consequently exposed to wind foll o m Weather in this wild road-stead, and until the or nYnng Monday morning, after having been eighteen Ineteen hours on the passage, instead of only twelve alurs,a hi at which they wou ld b e, i f the tides were proper l y ec u l th the Company's Office. It would seem 9theat the sufrerinffsof a prolonged sea-sickness and r miseries, as also the injury to the Company, has not be e na their beep c onsidered by the Di rec t ors , b ut passengers should guard ,, to avoid annoyances and delay, which :fl e Y ainevitably exper i ence if they leave London, in '4 bove vessels, on the days herein mentioned. It is also to be observed that the Calais steamers, on e °awe day s , w ill leave London at four in the morn will reach and will reach ( most probably) their destination by 'nur in the afternoon of the same day, while the unfor tortunates on board the Boulogne boat, will h ave to en e the f a ti gues of an 18 hours' imprisonment, exposed th_e westw ar d s p r i ng up, a thing by no means improbable 9n this coast, at all times of the year ; and perhaps, as It often happens, they rill at last be obliged to bear up f or shelter for Ramsgate. These remarks arise from no other moti ve t h an a wish for the good of the public, as well as a st rong feeling and interest, that I, as well as many others take in the prosperity and success of the establishment. I remain, Sir, April 3, 1839. WATCH. RAIL WAY .110,.Nt)i:OLY Extracts from a Report to the Committee formed fo establishing Steam Carriage Communication on th Turnpike and other public Roads by means of Co lonel Maceroni's Steam Carriages, now sitting daily at Mr. Hodgson's Chambers, 21, Lincoln's Inn Fields. By Alexander Gordon, Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers. I am the last person to undervalue the benefits which may arise from Railways, when projected and estab ished under those peculiar (but, in my opinion, rarely occurring) circumstances to which they are especially applicable. But I regard those circumstances as in every case, comparatively speaking, individual, local, and exceedingly limited in their nature ; while the bene fits arising from the general adoption of steam in place of animal power, in connection with all public convey ances, would be co-extensive with the whole popu lation of the country. On the other hand, whilst the cost of railways, even for the very limited circumstances which call for them, is so enormous, the cost of steam carriages for common roads need not, in any case, be disproportionate to the probable amount of the work to be accomplished by them. A railroad intended to convey 500 passengers a day will cost as much as one intended for conveying 5,000 or 50,000 ; whereas steam carriages may be increased or dimioished as the case may from time to time require. Steam carriages on common roads offer this immense advantage,---that they are able to run on the long established 'end well•peopled roads of the country ; thus preserving the inns, towns, and interests located on existing lines, which must otherwise suffer by the edge railway system. They preserve to invalids, ladies, and children, their wonted accommodation ; also to com mercial travellers, who stop and transact business in all the towns, and who, by so doing, render their goods easily attainable, and give that constant support to inns which makes them so convenient for occasional travel lers. They preserve to those who travel for pleasure the noiseless and luxurious private carriage, and the privilege of selecting their own time, conveyance, and chosen company—an independence quite inadmissible by railway transit. Enough has been done by Col. Maceroni, Mr. Tel ford, Col. Pasley, Mr. Donkin, Mr. Bramah, Mr. Simp son, Mr. Field, Mr. M'Neill and myself, to confirm the conviction in all unprejudiced minds that the desidera tum was attained, and that, under good management, it could be beneficially used for public service. In November, 1833, an experiment was made, and our Report was, " there can be no doubt that, with a well-constructed engine, a steam carriage conveyance, on the turnpike-roads between London and Birmingham at a velocity unattainable by horses, and limited only by safety, might be maintained." I would here observe, that very few engineers have taken any trouble to make themselves acquainted with the theory and practice of steam carriage communi cation except upon Railroads. They have, it is true, been compelled to admit the possibility of steam power upon common roads ; but many of them—and I think they are without exception engaged on Railway under takings—doubt the economy of the same. Other en gineers, although they acknowledge both the possibility and the economy of steam conveyance by the public highways of the country, confess that, they are fully occupied with Railway communication. The practica bility has been abundantly proved not only to engineers, but to the public at large, and to several members of your Committee ; and, that this Report may not be altogether bare of information upon the economy, I will add a few lines on that head. It must be admitted, that the difference in the de structive effect upon a steamer can only be in over coming the resistance of collision. Now, on railways the steamers are rapidly injured by this force, and the strongest wheels and axles are quickly destroyed by it. These carriages on the railway strike and bound from side to side, and skip along a hard unyielding railroad ; the wheels and axles immediately suffer, and the fine work of the engines, imperfectly protected by rigid and ill-applied springs, almost as immediately suffers from such shocks. There is a want of sufficient flexibility in the springs, and the railway is entirely destitute of elasticity. . . - I am, after . long and repeated observation, satis fied, that the destruction will be less on the turnpike road than on the railway. . . . My opinions upon this point have been confirmed by the results of numerous steam journeys, by Colonel Maceroni's steam carriage ; and I would refer you to Appendix Aof this Report. The results of my expe rience of the actual expenses, including fuel, repairs, attendance, superintendence, and toll-money—the total expenses per mile are Is. ; carrying, on an average, fif teen passengers at a mean rate of 13 miles per hour. • • • I know a valley, 13 miles from London, which is passed by horse-coaches, and which I have passed by steam carriages, descending on one side, and ascending on the other, at a speed of 11 or 12 miles per hour. . Over this valley an embankment and viaduct, which cannot cost less than 200,0001., is con structed for a Railway. To pass this •alley, therefore, will cost annually 10,000/. of interest, exclusive of the more immediate cost of carriages, maintenance of way, repairs of engines, &c., which must be charged to some body, and therefore forms a charge on goods and pas sengers carried. Itlilvray engineers would do well to think of this. Steam carriages on common roads do not require all this work. They can carry passengers and goods from towns situate in the lowest parts of valleys, or other low coun tries, to towns on hill-sides or in mountain districts ; not so railway locomotives ; the railroad may have a very fine level ; but if our residence be at the bottom of a valley, all our produce must mount a more than ordi narily steep accliv►ty before we can place it on the rail way. If we reside on the high land, we must have all our necessaries brought up to us at considerable ex pense. The whole produce of the country is on different levels, and some undulations in lines of communication are absolutely necessary. So that, even supposing such levelling as railroads demand benefits the proprietors of them, it may be to the public a disadvantage. Now, steam carriages on the common road would set the carrying trade, and all other trades and pursuits, on an equal footing. The turnpike-roads of England and Wales alone, ex elusive of 130,000 miles of other highways, extend, ac cording to a report of the House of Lords in 1829, over 19,800 miles in length ; they have been constructed at great expense ; the trusts are heavily in debt. These roads form the grand currents of trade, through long established, and well-peopled, and busy lines : on, along, and across these lines every kind of carriage can pass, without a charge which can at all enrich the road trustees. On these roads competition in the carrying trade can always exercise its wholesome checks. Many of these roads, public property, with a free carrying trade, are at present endangered by the Railway mania, which Railways are private property, with a monopoly in the carrying trade. I made numerous trips, of many miles at a time, with Colonel Maceroni's steam carriage, between the months of August, 1833, and September, 1834, at a speed varying from 10 to 20 miles an hour, according to the " Clivities" of the road, or the variable turnpike sur faces in the neighbourhood of London ; and after tra velling by this and other steam carriages over an aggregate of not less than 3,500 miles of common roads, I confidently recommend Colonel Maceroni's carriage to your notice as the one by which you may accomplish the object you have in view, especially when it is sup plied with Colonel Maceroni's New Boiler Improve ments, with the nature and particulars of which I have, in confidence, been made acquainted, and which will render the new steam carriages far superior to the ori ginal one, of which I have spoken so favourably in the 2d and 3d editions of my Treatise on Locomotion, and other publications, as economical and perfectly safe. . . . . It is perhaps unnecessary for me to say, that the in ventions of Colonel Maceroni may be employed either as draggers for other carriages, or as passenger car riages. i i ,* Prospectuses may be had on application to Mr. Hodgson and to Mr. G. Concanon, Solicitors, 21, Lincoln's Inn-fields. ANTI-CORN-LAW ASSOCIATION, GLASGOW. (From the Glasgow Chronicle of Wednesday.) This day at three o'clock, a meeting, called by public advertisement, of the members of the Association, and of all persons friendly to the objects of the Association, was held in the Trades' Hall, Glassford-street, for the purpose of receiving the Report of the Delegates re specting their proceedings during their second visit to London. Amongst the gentlemen on the platform we noticed William Craig, Esq., one of the Vice-Presidents of the Association, who took the Chair, and having read the advertisement convening the meeting, Mr. Murray, one of the Secretaries, read the following Report of the Delegates, previous to their separation in London. (This report has previously appeared in our Journal, but its importance induces us to suppose that our readers will not object to its being again placed before them.) did now. He hoped they would come forward, for nothing but fear would produce a repeal of these laws, and he did hope that they would be successful in the course of two or three years.—(Cheers.) Mr. WEIR said it was a rule in theirAssoziation, that no party politics would be introduced. Let parties sink or swim, he cared not for Tory, for Whig, or Radical, he demanded justice, and whoever would give him that would have his support.—(Cheers.) He was astonished at Delegates wishing to oppose all those Members of Parliament who would not pledge themselves to a repeal of these laws. These were the party politics whish he repudiated, as it might prevent him from giving his vote to a good Whig, because he would not support the repeal of the Corn-laws. Before the Delegates got to London their enemies had been poisoning the public mind, saying that the manufacturers could not prove their case, and underlings of Govern ment who would not have dared to do so if they bad not done it with the authority of Government. They had difficulties to encounter in private from these under lings which the country could not conceive. He would seize upon the two great leaders, and then see what their followers would do. Sir Robert Peel said the Corn-law Association had said they would have a re peal of these laws by physical force. He could but think Sir Robert Peel mistaken on this point. Lord Melbourne seemed determined not to be behind his rival. He declared that the manufacturers who were petitioning the House of Commons for liberty to give evidence before the bar of that House were mad, he de clared to God. Mr. Weir went over the taxes levied on food, and showed they also amounted to 1,000,0001., and Melbourne insisted on giving the monopolists 18,000,000/. ; 9,000,000/. of this was paid by the agri culturists themselves. Had he not a right to throw back the taunt he (Lord Melbourne) was mad. He said the constitutio❑ of the House of Commons was the great bar in the way ; that House was a House of Landlords, and not representatives of the people gene rally.—(Cheering.) The men of England had shaken hands with the people of Scotland, and they would not let hold the grasp till they were successful.—(Hear, hear, and great cheering)—and if there were no other way, like the clamourous widow, they would perse vere that, from love of ease, or some other cause, they give up to their repeated demands, what had at this time been so contumeliously refused. He had no trust in the Legislature, but was willing to wait a year till more unanimity prevailed on the subject. He would advise them in the meantime to declare their adhesion to the Anti-Corn-law League, on condition that those sent as delegates at any future period, be instructed to impress upon that body the necessity of extending its sphere of operation and constituting itself into a free trade league, for the purpose of protecting the rights of industry from the deleterious effects of landlord legis lation, so long as the legislative bodies shall remain un reformed.—(Hear, and cheers.) The people were not half informed when the suffrage was formerly extended, and they had thus fallen into the hands of the Whigs, who had done for the Tories what they never could have done for themselves. He would take. his stand on these principles ! , •arul , he.lteped the Association would recognise the principles which were necessary to obtain a thorough sweeping of that rotten House of Commons which had set at naught their just demands.—(Great cheering.) JOHN FLEMING, Esq., of Claremont, proposed a string of resolutions (for which see Advertisement). W. P. PATON, Esq., had great pleasure in seconding the motion for the adoption of the resolutions. Mr. A. GRAHAM said he had only heard the resolu- lid, co o m ns m r e e n a de d a n a d f r t e h l ee trade e clauseleague, of even h t i o r d theresolution - exportingr of machinery. Had he time to consider the question, he might agree to it ; but he considered it too inspor taut to be decided by that meeting at present. Mr. M‘Lzoo rose to propose an amendment to the last resolution, which he considered calculated to keep back a'great number of those interested in the Extension of the Suffrage. It was well known that the Corn-laws were ruining the trade of the country, till in a few years it might be put in a state past recovery. They were all very well aware of the existence of the Chartist move ment, which was got up for the same object.—(Cries of " Hear, hear.") They should meet at a time when the working classes could attend, and then they would not need to meet and talk to empty benches. They might be afraid that the Chartists would beat them— but although they were beat by the Chartists, it would only show them where their strength lay—and where their weakness. He proposed that the fourth resolution be abandoned, as it was mixing up the Corn-laws with the Extension of the Suffrage, which would raise another party, when the country was too much divided already. A gentleman, seconded the amendment, and asked the Chairman how he expected to get the Corn-laws repealed ? The CHAIRMAN said, for his own part, he held that the Corn-laws would not be repealed but through terror, or an alteration of the constitution of the House of Commons.—(Cheers.) Mr. JOHNSTONE said he would be very sorry if that resolution was not carried, as it vas one of most conse quence to the operative. Alter some other remarks from Mr. Fleming, Mr. Weir, the Chairman, and Mr. Currie, the resolutions were carried by a great majority. Mr. A. GRAHAM proposed a vote of thanks to the Delegates, which was seconded by Mr. W. SISEAL, and carried by acclamation. The meeting then broke up. EDINBURGH. MEETING OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. LADY LYTTON BULWER'S NOVEL.—SO eager and numerous were the applications to obtain Lady Bulwer's novel of " Cheveley, or the Man of Honour," on the day of publication, that th e w h o l e e di t i on was so ld off immediately. Those of the public, however who were then disappointed will have the opp or t u nity Of procuring it next week, when the new edition is to be published. The Shakspeare Club of Scotland have again presented their honorary medal, as a mark of distinction, to a lady. When that talented vocalist, Mrs. H. R. Bishop, was in Edinburgh, the Club, sensible of her great merit, and taking advantage of her short visit, presented to her the first honorary medal. It was then resolved to select and confer the same honour upon a lady of histrionic talent as an associate. Their choice, we are happy to learn, fell upon Miss Julia Cruise, of the Theatre Royal, Edinburgh. A deputation of the gentlemen of the Council of the Club waited upon her on Saturday, and presented her with the honorary medal as a mark of their very high estimation of the histrionic eminence to which she has attained ; the variety of talent she has displayed on the Edinburgh stage, of which she is so great an ornament ; and her genius, which she has shown is capable of the highest impersonations of character. We understand that she received it in a very courteous and graceful manner, and expressed her sense of the compliment conferred upon her in most feeling and appropriate terms. The Chairman t of e the deputation re p orted to a ver y numerous meeting of h Club, the p resentat i on an d acceptance o f the honoum. The report was received with enthusiastic approbation, and the he a l t h of the lady was given and drank with long continued cheering. (From the Edinburgh _Evening Courant.) A meeting of the Dirsctors was . held on the 2d inst. —Duncan Cowan, Esq, in the Chair. After the ordinary routine busines s , admission an d proposal of members, &c. had been disposed of, Mr. Wigham gave in a report of his proceedings as the Representative of the Chamber at the meetings of th e Anti-Corn-law Deleg ates, which having been read, was approved of , and the thanks of the Directors unanimously voted for the manner in which he had discharged his duty. Mr. lyigham, in reply, repeated his conviction of the , gr eat importan ce o f o b taining a total repeal of the C or n-laws, which pressed so hard upon the industry of the peopl e , an d the repeal of which was so e ssential for the p romot i on of peace and happiness. He wished particularly to call the at tention of the Cha m b er to the Resolutions regarding their future proceedings, adopted by th e Del egates at their meeting o f the 19th M arc h. Mr. Wigham, read the resolutions, which we repeat a b ove. Mr. W. also requested the special attention of the Chamber to the following resolution!, ado pted at the * same meet i ng , regarding the accusatio ns w h ich had been brought against the manufacturers bec ause of their en deavours to obtain the repeal of the Corn -laws : I. That this m eeting has heard with indignation the charge of seeking the r epeal of the C orn -laws, in order to raise the profits of the r capitalist at the expense of the wages of the labourer. That the charge is a grat u it ous imputation of sinister motive, and th ere f ore calumnious and unjust—the mor e so, because repeal 'has been sought fbr this, among other reasons, that it would en large the field for the e mployment of labour, and there fore raise both the abso lu t e a n d the relative amou n t o f wages. That this meeting isgnatly surpr i sed at the ignorance and absurdity of the ch arge , b ecause i n its opinion the relative proportions of p ro fi ts and wages are indep en dent of the mere will of the capitalist, beingde termined by the relative quantities of the supply of la hour and the demand for it ; and, knowin g no distinc tion of interest betwixt the employer: and the workman, it deeply regrets that the contrary ?pinion, so dangerous should have ro te the peace and happiness of society, ceived any sanction from the quarter in which the accu sation originated. 11. That the Corn-laws and the duties on the import of forei gn m anufactured goods, having - been st u di ous l y represented as perfectly analagous and equally protec tive of the respective classes of agricultural and manu- TTTM, SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 6, 1839, THE REVENUE FOR THE YEAR AND QUARTER ENDING APRIL 5, 1839. No. I.—An Abstract o f th e N et p ro d uee of the Revenue o f G rea t Britain in the Years and Quarters ended sth of April, 1833, and lith of April,llB39, showing the Lame or Decrease on each head thereof. QUARTERS ENDE: 303268 ! Y i d r 7 d s QUARTERS RNDRD YEAR Year ended April & Quarter ended April L Increase. Decrease. Increase. Decrease, ` ,-------- :316,34: ,-,.----- - -------.--- 7 -.... \ ended .-....--------..........., ~.• .......„. July 5, Oct. 10, 1 Jan. 5, Apr ils , Ali , July 5, Oct: 10, I Jan. 5, April 5, April 5, 1837 1837 1838 1838 ' B3B 1853 1838 1839 1839 163 g ----. -...._____ Customs. -Consolidated Duties 3,121,126 3,934(82 3,629,706 3 , 153 ,C 07 - 3A 53,052 3,990,050 3,750,032 3,197,823 - - - - Sugar Duty applicable to Consolidated Fund . . 1,309,259 - - - 493,303 - - - - 1,505,054 893,570 605,395 - . _ - - -- 4,001,870 18,451,449 1,479,221 1,104,356 4211,123 Sugar Duty applicable to Supplies - - - - Total Customs ----- 4,769,400 5,46 0 971 4,854,385 4,411,569 . 19,5 0 4,129 1,053,179 _,_ 549,899 Excise 2,437,1 19 4,095,959 3,627,190 1,841,511 11,999,772 334,024 135,6511: Stamps... 1,692,134 1,751,476 1,521,123 1,640,253 6,604, , 116 143,101 45,864 7,941 Taxes 211: ', 3 5 4 7,013 t 70 5 3 5 1 i i 7 l i0 1 3 ;5 2,,, , 0 4 2 1 35 6 1 22 7 4 3 4 11: 19 2 : 4 1 , :, 1 0 8 1 1 1 , 6 7 1304 : , 5 8 179 5 94 3 I 36 1 : , 64 66 278 5 1: , 7 8 19 5 11.09,5(18 328,045 1,556,689 176,440 3,700,682 73,577 ....•• Post O ffi ce OO6 376,00 0 369,003 1 . 519,743 381,000 410,000 365,008 392,000 1,544,000 2,157 65,000 QS 44 23,000 65,000 40,000 40,000 145,000 80,000 25,090 Crown Lands ... Miscellaneous 5,727 2,701 174 23,841 34,443 10;100 8,376 6,340 35,445 90,405 55,965 9,701 - Total Ordinary Revenue 97,766 35,018 272,454 10,899,544 '12,126,127 1',000,730 8,537,318 43,59:3,476 1,763,103 561,125 32,941 520,758 - 28,424 125,090 31 853 596,995 233,641 3,166 Imprest and other Moneys 10, 71 0 1 2 2; 98 63 71 11,412 , 134 33 11,613,744 8,006,134 41,825,373 • Works , Ai 163,798 37,224 127,660 194,524 193,716 12i,7116 641,686 131,122 Re- payments of Advances for Public 167 " 2 Total Income 10983580 11,693,165 11,101,032 8,129,714 42,608,391 111,317 , 9 62 12,349,075 12,349,20 8,694,957 1 44,741,257 2,132,566 601,343 36,106 1 ----• the Amount 7,251,869 B,7Deduct Deduct dated Fund ount applied to the Consoli- 12,692 9,011,312 6,484,319 31,460,052 3,529,102 9,767,134 9,646,403 6,430,708 32,675,347 Decrease. Decrease. Ditto, to pay off Exchequer Bills, 110.11• 56,196 charged on Sugar Duty - - -•- - - - Ditto, as as part-of the Ways and Means • 3,731,911 2,980,475 2,790,590 1,645,365 11,148,3: , 9 Increase on of the Year 4,5)8 860 2 581 941 2,702,810 2,264,249 12,067,910 Increase on 1 , , ."-'...... the Year. the Quarter Total I 11,693,165 1 11,801,932 i 8,129,714 42,103,391 1 __l, 11,347,962 1 12,319,075 1 13,349;213 45 8,694,957 i 44,711,257 1 2,132,866 ..,... 595,2 10,983,550 No. ll.—lncome and Charge of the Consolidated Fund, in the Quarters ended the sth Apvtl, 1838, and the sth April, 1839. s Quarters ended April 5. Quarters ended April 5, „.......----- - -.---i---.... e„..._,..............................„ INCOME. 1E333 1839 • CHARGE. 1135 1839 Customs.—Consolidated Duties 3,153,007 3,497,823 Permanent Debt. 3,545,543 . 3,538,968 Sugar applicable to the Terminable Annuities 1,374,218 1,718,837 Consolidated Fund 303,28 s 493,3'43 Sinking Fund Iterest on Exchequer Bills iss ue d t o meet the charge on the Consolidated Fund 24,662 16,371 Total Customs 3,456,275 3,991,146 The Civil List — Other charges on the Consolidate(' Fund 3 96, 2 526,959 1 , 705 ,5 53 1 , 862,149 Charge on account of Advances, the repayment( of which are cat ried to Cnnsolidated Fund Excise 1,648,194 1,640,253 Stamps 5,369,135 5,787,645 130,57(i 176,440 Total Charge Taxes 369,009 3 1 2,000 The Surplus 2,351,483 2,807,827 Post Office 65,090 40,000 Crown Lands Miscellaneous 47,140 35,545 lmprest and ether Moni6s 35,0 18 31 , 253 7,790,618 8,595,472 Repayment of Advances I 03,5 11 2 125,786 The Amount of Exchequer Bills issued to meet the charge on the Consolidated Fund for the Quarter ended Jan. 5, 1839, • , 7,545,818 8,2 i 5,472 and paid off out of the growing prod uce of that Fund for the Quarter ended April 5, 1Q•39. The Amount issued in the Quarter ended April 5, 1839, in part of the sums granted by P a rli amen t ou t o f th e C o nso li I dated Fund for Supply Services 2,264,249 To Cash brought to this Account from Ireland, to be applied to pay ; The Surplus of the Consolidated Fund, Qu ar t er ended April 5, 1839 2,807,827 543,578 off Deficiency Bills The probable amount of Exchequer Bill s requ i red to meet the charge on the Consolidated Fund, Quarter ended 7,720175:600160 8,595,472 30000 April 5, 18391.137 . 8196 1 5,137,098 facturing producers, this meeting would direct atten tion to the specific operation of each. That the high rate of duties on foreign grain has :given to the land owners a monopoly of the supply of the home markets (except in years of great scarcity), which has enabled them to realize a scale of prices ranging from sixty to seventy per cent. above those of the Continent of Eu rope, and thereby greatly enhanced the value of land, and consequently the amount of rent. That the pro tecting duties on the import of foreign manufactured goods have giren but one advantage to the British ma nufacturer, the possession of the home market ; being entirely inoperative to raise the price of the commodi ties he produces, or to increase either the profits of capital or the wages of labour, both being necessarily regulated by the prices at which similar goods can be sold by the foreign manufacturer with whom he has to compete in the common markets of the world. That the imputation of dishonesty, on the part of the manufacturers, implied in the statement that they wish to retain the protecting duties on the importa tion of foreign manufactures, while they demand the total abolition of the Corn-laws, is unwarranted and un reflecting—unwarranted, because the most important petitions presented to the Legislature during the pre sent Session of Parliament for a repeal of the Corn-laws, have distinctly prayed for the removal of all restrictions on the free exchange of commodities betwixt nation and nation—and unreflecting, because the design to retain the one whilst demanding the abolition of the other, is most palpably futile, since the preponderance of the agri culturists in the Legislature gives to them the absolute power, when they shall do justice to the consumers of food by repealing the Corn-laws, to do justice to the consumers of manufactures, by removing all protecting duties on foreign fabrics. IV. That this meeting would distinctly acknowledge the great and peaceful principle of free trade, and for the following reasons :- 1. Because it recognizes the inalienable right of all producers to the free disposal of the fruits of their capi tal, skill, and labour—a right which cannot co-exist with protecting or prohibitive duties on import and export. 2. Because it would remove in each particular com munity the jealousies and discontents which grow out of protection, real or supposed, to class and sectional in interests. 3. Because it would lead surely and necessarily to the full development of the resource& of all nations, and would thereby raise the mass of commodities to its high. est amount, relatively to the mass of the population, of all, and by exchange would lead to the fullest possible participation, by each nation, of the peculiar products of all the rest. 4. That wherever a commodity is procured at the dearer price instead of the cheaper, there is a throwing away and destruction of national wealth equal to the diference of price. 5. Because it would powerfully facilitate the growth and the diffusion of knowledge, civilization, and religion. 6. Because it would link nations together in .such close bonds of tnut t gal dependence and intcrest as would powerfully tend to the prevectiee of_ O l e , 000nsio p s of war, whilst the strong bonds of Mutu a l Hoed ivill and ' amity which would grow out of that Mutual dependence would remove the motives in which that worst of human calamities has, in almost all instances, originated. POST OFFICE.—The Secretary read the following letter, which he had received from Colonel Moberly, satisfactory enco n l a y tu w r i e t , h on the subject of th e m orn i ng ma il w hi c h was o f th e m asthsehowwisi h ng es th o e f anxietythe an mer o c fG ti o l; ve orsntuat to comply community as far as practicable, and he hoped that ere long the Liverpool mail would arrive at as early an hour as formerly : " General Post Office, 9th March, 1839. " SIR,—I am commanded by the Postmaster-Gene ral to acquaint you, with reference to the memorial from the Chamber of Commerce at Edinburgh, on the subject of the day mail from London, that having communicated with the Lords of the Treasury on the matter, they are of opinion that the day mail to Scot land ought to be maintained; and that measures have been taken, with their sanction, which his Lordship trusts have very materially abated the evils the Memo rialists complained of ; and he hopes that a further ac celeration on the railroad may be obtained, so as nearly to restore the mail to its original position. " I mu, Sir, " Your obedient humble servant, " W. L. MABERLY. " J. F. Macfarlan, Esq., Edinburgh." The SECRETARY then stated that he had forwarded the petition in favour of Mr. R. Hill's plan of - postage, as directed at last meeting to Mr. Wallace, who had presented and supported its prayer. Mr. CADELL expressed his satisfaction with the progress of this important subject. The evidence ad duced before the Committee of the House of Commons was so overwhelming as to convince almost every one of the propriety and safety of th e a d opt i on of Mr. Hill ' s plan, and he hoped it would soon be brought into com plete operation. ARRIVAL OF LORD EBRINGTON IN DUBLIN. (From the Pilot of Wednesday.) At about twelve o'clock this day the Urgent steam packet arrived in Kingstown harbour, having on board his Excellen c y th e L or d L i eutenant. A company of the 60th Rifles and a troop of the Scots Greys were drawn up opposite the jetty to receive him, and a long line of carriages, cars, and every description of vehicles was found so as to be ready for a procession. Hundred of thousands of human beings were congre gated about the spot to greet the successor of Lord Normanby—the Nobleman who was to tread in the footsteps of Isis illustrious predecessor. The shout—the enthusiastic shout—of joyous rapture that burst forth from the dense mass of men who were assembled there, when his Excellency set his foot upon the soil of Ireland, ought to convince him, if he did not already know it, that he is come to govern a loyal, generous, and grateful people. His Excellency was attended by Capt. Williams, Hon. Mr. Dillon, and his two Aides-de-camp. He was dressed in coloured clothes, looked well, and seemed de lighted at the reception which he met with. In compli went to the people, he proceeded on horseback, though his carriage awaited him at the jetty. His d emeanour ' is mild and gentlemanly, and he bowed courteously and frequently in reply to the heart-inspiring cheers of the people. The order of the procession was as follows : First went a few of the Scots Greys, then came his Ex cellency and the aides-de-camp, then a dense crowd •f gentlemen on horseback, and lastly the countless car riages Ad cars of the nobility and gentry. On either side of the procession were thousands of men, aye, and women and children, on foot, and ever and anon cheers would be given for the Nobleman whom they had come together to welcome. The window of every house in Kingstown was thronged as the cortege passed tLrough, and at every quarter of a mile the numbers of the pro cession were increased by large bodies of men who had come to meet it. In this manner was Lord Forteseue received, and the procession moved on towards Dublin. At half-past two o'clock his Excellency arrived at the Castle, where he was sworn in before the Privy Council. AWFULLY SUDDEN DEATH.—Thursday night an inquest was held before Mr. Payne, at the Peacock, Whitecross-street, on the body of Thomas Bentley, aged 42. It appeared from the evidence that the decea se d, w h o was by trade a dyer , resided in Whiterose-street, Cripple gate. The previous afternoon, about three o'clock, h e was discovered lying in his room with his knees on the flo or an d his head resting on a cha ir, in an insensible state. He was raised up, and a surgeon called in, who tried t o bl ee d him in tne arm, but without any avail, as life was quite ex tinct, the surgeon giving it as his opinion that he died of apoplexy. It came out in evidence that the deceased had during the last few days given himself up to habits of in temperance, and at the time of his death he was the worse for liquor. The Jury returned a verdict of " Died of apo plexy." REPORT. The Delegates appointed from the principal towns of the empire, to endeavour to procure the total and im mediate repeal of the Corn and Provision-laws, think it their duty, before they separate, to make public an account of their past proceedings, and to announce the course they intend in future to pursue. Roused by the dangers impending over their inte rests, the manufacturing and commericial bodies had prepared evidence to prove the ruinous tendencies and results of the Corn and Provision-laws, and they presented petitions, signed by upwards of 400,000 persons, to the House of Commons, praying to be heard at the bar of that House. They were prepared to prove that not only had they been supplanted by foreign competition in certain neutral markets, but that proofs of the successful rivalry of other nations had been brought home to their own doors ; they were ready to show that their manufactures were excluded from the most extensive markets of Europe, because they were prevented from taking in exchange the staple products of those countries ; they were prepared to prove that their skilled artisans were seeking employ ment in other countries, whilst the hand-loom weavers and the labourers were suffering from want of employ ment at home; and they offered to show that the em ployer himself was carrying his capital and skill to more profitable fields of enterprise. The petitioners were prepared to prove these facts, and to declare upon oath, at the bar of Parliament, their unanimous belief that the Corn and Provision-laws were the great cause of their manifold evils. Their reasonable prayer to be heard was nevertheless rejected by a very large majority. Again, an appeal was made th the justice and wisdom of Parliament to take the subject of the Corn and Pro sion-laws into consideration. The merits of the case were ably explained by Mr. Villiers ; and those who supported his motion, which was brought forward inde pendently of the Delegates, did not propose total and immediate repeal, nor did it go for a moderate fixed duty ; it merely asked the House of Commons to con sider the question of the Corn-laws ; but even this ap peal was rejected. Among those representatives of the people who voted against the entertaining of a question which involved the well-being of the industrious population of the empire, were many who had previously been believed to be the decided advocates of popular rights. Henceforth, whatever their political opinions may professedly be, it is hoped that the electors will, in the exercise of their constitutional powers, refuse their support to all those candidates for Parliamentary honours, who withhold from the people their right of exchanging the products of their labour for the food and productions of other countries. Confident in the righteousness and ultimate success of their cause, conscious of the vital importance of the object they have in view, and of the great public in terest felt by this and every commercial country in the struggle—and solemnly convinced that upon their suc cess it depends whether an increasing population shall find employment and the means of comfortable subsist ence the Delegates turn undismayed from a tribunal which has not only refused to redress their wrongs, but has decided against even listening to their prayers ; and they appeal to their fellow-countrymen. With 4 view to the further prosecution of the arduous struggle, the Delegates recommend the adoption of the following measures, and they pledge themselves to use their best exertions in their several towns and districts to carry them into the fullest effect. 1. The formation of a permanent union to be called the Anti-Corn-law League, composed of all the towns and districts represented in the Delegation, and as many others as may be induced to form Anti-Corn-law Asso ciations, and to join the League. 2. Delegates from the different local Associations to meet for business from time to time, at the principal towns represented. 3. With a view to secure unity of action the Central Office of the League shall be established in Manchester ; to which body shall be intrusted, among other duties, that of engaging and recommending competent lecturers —the obtaining the co-operation of the public press— and the establishing and conducting of a stamped cir cular, for the purpose of keeping up a constant corres pondence with the local Associations. The Delegations have remarked that efforts have not been spared to make the repeal of the Corn-laws appear to be a question exclusively affecting the interests of the manufacturing and trading bodies, whereas they are merely the factors and agents to the community at large; whilst it is upon the consumers of food, whether they be labourers, farmers, shopkeepers, or annuitants, that the whole weight of the taxes ultimately fall. Convinced that the great body of the agriculturists have suffered as great moral and pecuniary injuries from the Corn-laws as any other class, and that the support hitherto given to those laws by the farmers and cultiva tors, is owing solely to mistaken views of their operation upon their own particular interest, the Delegates recom mend that the kingdom be divided into circuits, and that to each of them one or more competent lecturers be appointed to carry, if possible, into every village and hamlet, information upon this vital question. In seeking to destroy this and every other monopoly which prevents the free exchange of our commodities for the productions of other countries, the Delegates are so far from wishing to promote the interests of one portion of the community at the expense of the rest, that they are willing and desirous that the protection given to home manufactures should be simultaneously withdrawn, and that every one of their countrymen should be at liberty to exchange the fruits of his labour for the productions of all other countries. The Delegates rely upon the co-operation of all just and benevolent minds in abolishing laws which, in their operation, violate every rule of Christian morality—laws which intercept the free circulation of the first bounties of Providence, intended for the benefit of all his crea tures—which prevent that interchange of the produc tions of different countries—which, of all human means, is alone calculated to allay national prejudices, and sub stitutes the blessings of peace for the horrors of war, and which tend to put an unnatural barrier against the in crease of our species, thereby impiously opposing the first ordinance of our Maker. Mr. JOHNSTONE said he was sorry that they had not been more successful in inducing the Legislature to take up the question of the Corn-laws, and the restrictions upon trade generally. He was sorry to say that in the House of Commons there was a feeling on the part of the landlords against the manufacturers, the merchants, and the operatives, and that they looked with contempt on them as such. But if they ruined the exporting ma nufacturers, what would become of them, for many of the comforts which they enjoyed. If their food and their wages were not upon a level with those on the Continent, both the manufacturers and operatives would be ruined. He was sorry that the operatives did not come forward in support of this question, for they were never more mistaken than to suppose that their interests were dissimilar. He never was more prospe rous than when he paid his workmen five times what he SCOTCH EPISCOPAL CHURCH. (From the Glasgow Chronicle of Wednesday.) This day, at two o'clock, a public meeting was held in the Assembly Rooms, which was numerously and respectably attended, for the purpose of constituting a " Scottish Episcopal Church Society," the Right Reverend the Bishop of the Diocese in the Chair. Several resolutions were adopted, to carry into effect the object for which they had met ; and a Com mittee of Management was appointed, in which the na.nes of his Grace the Duke of Hamilton and Brandon, the Marquis of Douglas, and the Earl of Glasgow, appeared as office-bearers. The meeting was addressed by the following gentlemen, viz.—the Rev. Mr. Ramsay, of Edinburgh, Sheriff Allison, G. Burns, Esq, the Right Rev. the Dean of Glasgow, the Rev. Mr. It. Montgomery, the Rev. Mr. Wad e , o f Paisl e y, th e R ev. Mr. Martin, of Greenock, and Pro fessor Burns, who explained the object for which the Society was f ormed, and showed the necessity that existed for such a Society, from the thousands of poor Episcopalians w h o were d est i tute o f the means of religi ous instruction. The speakers were warmly responded to throughout the proceedings. TO THE RIGHT HON. HENRY CON. STANTINE PIIIPPS, MARQUIS OF NOR. MANBY, &c., &c. MY LORD—We, the undersigned inhabitants, of North and South Shields, with sentiments of admiration and esteem, beg leave most respectfully to convey to your lordship the expression of gratitude which we, in common with the people of Ireland, owe to your lord ship for your late upright and impartial administration of justice in that long neglected portion of the British empire. We have beheld, with admiration, Ireland, for the first time, governed in the person of your lordship according to the principles of justice, and honesty, and rapidly progressing in peace and good order— thus showing to the world that the inhabitants of that island, when protected by the laws, cannot be surpassed in loyalty and attachment to their beloved Sovereign, notwithstanding the bold and slanderous assersions made to the contrary by men who wish to live by wrong, and fatten on the vitals of the country. My Lord, whilst we thus give expression to our un qualified approbation of your political career, we cannot without regret and indignation behold the attempts which are now being made (in that:branch of the Le i gislature to which your Lordship belongs) by a ruthless faction, to stigmatize and tarnish the character of an il lustrious statesman, who so largely contributed to break asunder the chains which bound in horrid slavery the in habitants of not only the Western but the Eastern Hemi sphere, and whose refusal to trample on the necks of those whom he was to govern has rendered him obnoxious to a hateful faction—a faction which has been inimical to freedom, not only in Ireland, but in every portion of the habitable globe. Among the enemies of your lordship, we are sorry to observe the once popular name of Brougham, but who, having permitted himself to be carried away by feelings of disappointed ambition and corroding envy, has of late, in the mock garb of liberality, attempted to rage war against the principles of justice, of which his lordship is such a vaunted defender, presents a sad memento to humanity, and adds another instance to history of the depths of infamy to which ambition may lead the most exalted minds. Looking forward with anxiety to the debates in the Commons, in which your Lordship's character will be vindicated in a manner, we trust, sufficient to confound your enemies and immortalize your name, we conclude by wishing your Lordship long and happy days to see car ried into effect those measures of amelioration which your Lordship has so ably advocated. CITY OF WESTMINSTER LITE RARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION. A lecture on the Cartoons of Raphael was delivered at this Institution yesterday evening. Thinking highly, as we do, of these institutions, as affording the means of intellectual improvement, we were pleased to find the audience numerous and attentive, and must express our very favourable opinion of the able manner in which this most interesting subject was treated by the Lec turer. Ile commenced by some remarks as to the different styles of Michael Angelo and Raphael, representing the former as dealing rather in the terrible —the supernaturally grand, while the latter delighted in the beautiful and soft ; the one giving a bold and striking impression, the other displaying all the varied shades of human character and feeling ; Michael, in short, being the master of the epic, as Raphael was of the dramatic style of painting. He then proceeded to give a brief historical sketch of the celebrated "Cartoons," now deposited in Hampton Court Palace, exhibited to the public every day in the week (except Saturday) from ten to four ; and engraved by Burnett, at the ' small cost of 4s. each. The first was Christ desiring Peter to feed his sheep—necessarily, from the nature of the subject, dealt with in an allegorical manner— the next was, The Miraculous Draught of Fishes—then Peter and John, with the Lame Man at the Temple— Ananias struck dead Elymas, the sorcerer, seized with blindness— Paul and Barnabas at Lystra—and Paul preaching at Athens. On each of tiles' the Lecturer observed with great taste, discrimination, and feeling, pointing out the more prominent beauties with artistical judgment, and often with something of poetic fervour. Ile remarked that Raphael always succeeded well with the Apostle John, whose character strongly resembled the immortal painter's in warmth of affection, amiability of temper, and graceful sensibility of feeling. 01 the figure of Ananias, which is depicted as falling, in the throes of death, he observed that it was an ex ample of the fine judgment with which Raphael always managed to have an unfinished action, thus preserving a spirit of activity and interest in the composition, not withstanding the severity and simplicity of his style ; and that it was, perhaps, the most impressive display of agony ever produced by art. Of the whole series, the Lecturer said, the grandest in intellectual expression was Paul Preaching at Athens ; he remarked how ad mirably Raphael's matchless skill, in depicting human character, was manifested in the expression which was visible on the countenances of the Apostle's hearers ; the expression in some of scornful contempt—in others, of doubtful incredulity ; in others of firm conviction ; and in one or two of utter apathy. The Lecturer in con clusion, dwelt upon the great importance of encouraging, by establishing galleries for the exhibition as well of native as of ancient works, the refinement of our national taste, suggesting at the same time the propriety of classifying the sacred paintings by themselves ; for though he cor dially rejoiced at seeing the canvass brightened with fe male beauty,—and Wilkie's fiddlers playing the behold ers almost into a Scotch jig,—and Turner and Cal cott revelling in the glories of summer landscapes —yet ho did not consider it judicious that along side the grand painting of Lazarus star tin g into life at the summons of the Saviour—there should be displayed the blandishments of Corregio's Venus. li e spoke eloquently of the high national ad v a n tages — in the improvement of the social character of the people— which must result from the refinement and elevation of their taste :—referring in support of his argument to Dr. Channing's masterly treatise on " Self Culture".._ and recommending his hearers to go to Hampton Court, and judge for themselves of Raphael's match less Cartoons. The Lecturer was cordially cheered throughout. SACRED HARMONIC SOCIETY. Last evening was repeated by the Sacred Harmonic Society the oratorio of " The Messiah," Handel's master piece. We have more frequently, wo believe, than any of our Contemporaries directed attention to the brilliant efforts of this Society. But we regret to say that, notwithstand ing all the improvements that have taken place in their arrangements, the almost perfect precision with which the choruses are executed, and the unsparing exertions of its conductors and performers, the concerts arc far less effective than they were in the infancy of the Society. The evil of which we complain is the interruption of the audience, who, by their incessant and ill-timed plaudits, paralysed every effort of the Society. Upon the previous occasicn of The Messiah," we could have excused the applauses that followed the " Hallelujah" chorus, which concluded the second part, and therefore no great interruption of the piece ensued; but ae should scarcely have been less surprised to have heard the " Te Deum" or the " Anthem" encored in a cathedral than we were at the vexatious interruptions that completely destroyed what we conceive to be the finest passages of the composition. The expression of " Darkness covering the earth, and gross darkness the people," and the " People that walked in darkness," with which Handel has contrived to preface and to give such an overpowering effect t o th e f o ll ow i ng chorus, " Unto us a child is born," was disconnected by a shout of intervening plaudits. And this chorus, instead of being followed by a silent pause, and then by the beautiful "Pastoral symphony" preceding the " Gloria in excolsis," was actually encored, and the symphony also disjointed from the " Gloria." After such an exhibition of taste and feeling on the part of the audience, we must confess we were very little surprised to hear the inimitable sweet ness of " He shall feed his flock" literally cut in two by an encore ; nor " Oh, thou that tellest good tidings to Zion" with as little ceremony divided from its chorus. In Mendelssohn's " St. P . Paul" Lindley's s y m ph ony was cut off; but an interruption in the oratorio of " Sampson" rose to the ludicrous. " Let the bright seraphim," by Miss Birch, the most brilliant so l o o f the whole, was rapturously cut in halves by an encore ; and when she was permitted to proceed, the c r iti ca l au di ence con tentedly accepted the remainder of the song, which passed off exceedingly well for a repetition of it. Can no means be devised by the Committee to put an end to a nuisance that paralyses all their exertions ? As a private Society, they may put an end to the nuisance by a variety of methods. A COMMON FACE. —During the trial of a prisoner at the Devon Assizes, for stealing a silver watch, a witness, who swore to the article, was severely cross examined by counsel, as to bow he could swear to a wath, of such a co mmon make. " Why, " at last re plied the witness, " it is certainly a very common watch, but I could swear to it; and so I could to your face, which is also of a very common make." ETENING EDITION ROADS AND CANALS IN FRANCE. M. Berthault-Ducreux, civil engineer, and well known in France for his works on roads, has lately drawn up a comparative view of the respective ad vantages of traffic and communication by highways, railways, and canals, of which the following outline will be found interesting. Public opinion in France, it appears, has much changed with regard to rail ways. At first, they were constructed chiefly fo r the conveyance of merchandise, and little account was made of passengers, while experienc e has shown that their success must depend almost en tirely on the number of passengers, and that scarcely any railroad for more than a very short distance can be expected to make profitable returns on any other calculation. Thus railways are found chiefly ap plicable in countries considerably advanced in civilization. They are of vast importance in con necting manufacturing towns and populous indus trious cities that require constant and speedy communication with each other. In France at present the ordinary rate of travelling is about six miles the hour, for about twopence per mile, while on a good railway, the speed is from 25 to 35 miles the hour and the expense not more than one penny per mile, and in some localities less. For in stance, the fare from Paris to St. Germain, by the lowest class carriages, is about eightpence for some what more than teri miles. The roads in France are under three different heads of management. The royal roads are main tained at the expense of the State, the provincial or departemental roads at the expense of the de partments, and the•village roads at the expense of the respective localities. The whole length of the royal roads is 25,000 miles, and the yearly cost for keeping them in repair is 800,0001. ; the departe mental roads cost 280,0001. ; and the village or local roads cost 1,800,0001. a year, being at the rate respectively of 331., 201., and 101., par mile, The system of transport for goods and merchandise in France by vans and waggons, is well organised. At the common rate of travelling, or by the ordinary waggons, the day's journey is reckoned about 25 miles, but lately an improved mode has been adopted by which they can travel 50 miles a day, of course at great additional expense ; the former costing not more than 3d. a ton per mile, while the latter costs 42d. According to M. Charles Dupiu this mode of conveying goods in France is chipper by one half than it is in Germany and Italy, and as com pared with England the advantage is still greater in favour of France. Sir Henry Parnell reckons the expense in England at Bd. a ton per mile, while in France, by the quick vans it is not more than 44d. and by the common conveyance on:y more than one-third. The whole length of canals in France is 2,300 miles, and the rivers afford about 5,500 miles of uninterrupted navigation (not much more than twice as much as one river in America—the Mis souri, which has a line of uninterrupted navigation for 2,250 miles). On the great benefits conferred on France by her navigable rivers, M. Berthault- Ducreux makes these remarks :—" In studying. history we find that the cities both in the Old and the New World which have attained the greatest prosperity were situated on rivers or outlets to th e i sea, and if we look at France only n this point of view, we find from statistical documents published by the Government, that for nine cities with 50,000 inhabitants and upwards, there is not one that does not in a great measure owe its power and prospe rity to this circumstance ; of fourteen cities con taining from 30,000 to 50,000, there are only four that derived little benefit from it, and that of the forty-five towns with a population of from 15,000 to 30,000, there are but thirteen that have not the advantage of a communication with the sea. SPAIN. Letters from Victoria, of the .1911, state that Aburca, the Bishop of Leon, as well as the Marquis de Viiledespina and Gen. Uranque (who shot Col. Clarke and the Rifles of the Legion at Andoain), have been recalled to justify themselves respecting the occurrences at Estella; which invitation, unless sure of triumphing in their turn, they arc not likely to accept. One of the prisoners taken at 0,-gaz, by the faction, ransomed himself for 100,000 reals, after kris father and brother had been killed in the action ; the other having no raoney to give was shot on the 17th. His name was Quentin Lopez; eight other Nationals, captured on the same occasion, expected the same tate on the 21st, when the time allowed for their redemption expired. General Ayerber, reinforced by the brigade of Parra and one battery of artillery, marched on the 20th with all his forces, against Cabrera, and slept on the 223 at Mu niesa. Van Haien himself, with five battalions and seven hundred horse of the reserve division, bad arriitcl cal the 19th at Teruel, and was on the 24th to appear with Ayerbe before Segura, which Cabrera had fortified am; accupied with three battalions, having two more at Fuca teferrata, two at Barrasina, and four or five more in the vicinity. It is not yet known what part Cabrera will take against his old enemy Maroto, nnr could he now march to the assistance of the Pretender, being himself driven into a corner. In Catalonia the Queen's troops sufferedn n a c el t i r r;k in o t n o 10th instant, by the f act i ous effecting an the small town of Pons, in the province of Lerida, by treachery, through a house conti guous to the wail. The rebel Chief Larete de Copons penetrated into the interior, the National Guards and small garr i son retreated to , the church and defended themselves there heroi cally—even women and children fighting until assist.. ance arrived from Balaguer, which they joined, and thus saved themselves. On the approach of this reinforcement which was not half the strength of the rebels, the latter set the town on fire, and burnt it to the ground. Thus Pons exists no longer, being now converted into a heap of ruins. The rebels were 5,000 men strong, and as u•aial asassina ted all the inhabitants, men, women, and children, that fell into their hands. Tire retiring garrison had many difficul ties to contend with, and atter having 13 killed and 55 wounded, reached Agramont and Balaguer on she 19th, dislodging Ros de Eroles and Perez Davila from their po sition. Baron de Meer's enemies make the most of this untoward event, to •agravate their charges against hi;, still there is no probability of his removal, nor of that of General Alaix and Seuor Arrazola, from their ministerial seats, although all three were so often said to have been ac tually displaced, and the latter is now severely censured for having promoted a younger brother of his to a second clerk ship in the department of Grace and Justice, with a salary of 2201., and for the removal of some precious objects from the Museum of Natural History. ST. PETERSBSRGH, AIARCIIIJ.---I infOTllled you by my last letter, dated 12th alt., that the Emperor Nicholas had ordered an exter m i nat i ng war to be waged against the Circassians ; to-day the Autocrat published an ukase, by which he not only revokes the iromire made by fot form any kind his Government to grant certain immunities i bu to the Rus siansnb e settlers d under rn the ee mostco l colonies n ies o severe f penalties,C i rca s t s o i a e h n a e s i ' a • send a t n l o d l y t cii t relinquishedsi d e 1 r e d al a l s l of establishment in the country or t m ha e t asu th re e s a e r z e ar g in T in h d e i s c e nti t c lo thither their slaves. hope of subjugating the Circassiana, is now doing has no other object than that w o ' e at in i - o in juring them as much as possible, and thereby deterring other Caucasian tribes from following their example. In this, however, Nicholas will be deceived, for all those mountaineers hold the Russians in too great an aversion to ever consent to undergo their yoke. TI The Au tocrat intends shortly to signalize his reign by a new despotism. His predecessor, the Emper or Alexandr a , c had granted granted the free Lieonians, indiscriminately, the privilege of . possessing land belonging to the N o bility. Thi s con_ ' cession exciting the displeasure of Nicholas, he has 'Olpre vailed on several personages of the high Nobility of the province to address to him a petition, in which they state to him that the great estates must be impaired from being in the hands of Commoners, and entreat his Testy to re medy an cell which may ultimately prove fatal to the coun try. Now we are in daily expeciation of an Ukase, re- , storing to the Livonian Nobility the privilege of posseseir,g exclusively these great estates, and in virtue of which the Commoners who now own them will be obliged, r;thin a given time, to sell them to the Nobility.—Coninterce. WHISKY AND WHISKY PUNCII.--" It is 1 difficult (say Mr. Croker in his ' Popular Songs of Ire land') to form a correct estimate of the quantity of whisky punch which may be comfortably discussed at a sitting. In the case of a gentleman whose life had been insured for a large sum of money, the pajment at his death was re sisted by the Insurance Company, upon the plea that he had caused his death by excessive drieking. The !natter came to a legal trial, and among other witnesses examined was one who swore that, for the last eighteen years of his life he had been in the habit of taking every n i g h t four-and-twenty tumblers of whisky-punch. ' i tc.. collect yourself, Sir,' said the examining counsel. ' Four-and-twenty I you swear to that ; did you never drink five and twenty ?" lam on my oath,' repli e d the witness ; ' and I will swear no further, for I never ii r, sorti e ladw. keep count beyond the two dozen , tho u g h th ere's no saving how many beyond it I might drink to make m yself com.fort able ; but that's my stint.' It is not onl y diffi cult to decide on the quantity to be taken at a s ittin g , but that which a glass should hold. On one oc casion, a ho,apn th a itablet i lady who had rewarded a labourer f o r his exertionsiciuired t with admirable whisky, administe red in a claret glass, was both shocked and astonished at the im p iet y an d ingratitude his exclamation—' May t he devil blow the m this glass !" n What is that you say ?' ' What do I bear ?" I'm much obliged t o y ( , 11, 1 a made the Madam, and 'tis no h arm I mean ; only bad 1 i Il ij k riourabio to the blackguard glass - blow er, whoever he was, e l, ' e lee, with time least bit of breath in lif e more, he could have g lass twice as big.' S UNFLO WER SEGARS.--.A 'Mr. G oo d man, of Marietta, Lancaster county, Pa., has taken for a new kind of segars made from the out a patent leaf Gf the sun flower. They are said to p ossess a pectorial virtue, in coughs, colds, &c., and are pronounced servers. The Lancaster Intellii)guetncthei s reg ular ays that. a t., 1 , F ,_1 m nn a e n y h a other n ionbvieencttiionnns whatever y fa il, to see ' it e . proprietors of ; Is end in 'aloha . Pliiadelphia Ledyer. d.P. 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