The Sun. — London, England, 1845-03-14 00:00:00

IRELAND. DUBLIN, MARCH 10.—The weekly meeting of the Loyal National Repeal Association held to-day was numerously attended. Mr. O'Connell entered the Hall at half-past twelve o'clock, and was greeted with enthusiasm. The Hon. and Learned Gentleman was accompanied by Mr. W. S. O'Brien, M.P., John O'Connell, Esq., M.P., James Kelly, Esq., M.P., and R. Albert Fitzgerald, Esq., M.P. On the motion of Mr. O'CONNELL, seconded by W. S. O'BRIEN, the chair was taken by Alderman Kerhan, the senior alderman of the city of Dublin. The CHAIRMAN addressed the meeting briefly. Mr. LIVINGSTON, a native of Nutport, county Mayo, but now residing at Liverpool, handed in 51. 55., the renewed subscription of Mr. John Langan, of that town; si. ss. from the members of his family; and 371. 145., the weekly sub scription of the Liverpool repealers.—(Cheers.) -. Mr. O'CONNELL moved the hearty thanks of the Associa tion to Mr. Langan, who, he said, was as good a patriot as ever stood in shoe-leather, bad prospered in life, and was ready to share that prosperity with his country by contri buting largely, indeed he might say munificently, for the restoration of his native Parliament. Mr. R. D. BROWNE seconded the motion, observing that no man deserved more from his country than Mr. Langan, who could show what an Irishman could do when opposed to the Englishman. Mr. O'C,oNtlntr. moved that four Glasgow Repealers be struck off the roU for misconduct. —Motion carried. Mr. APNEvor then came forward to address the meeting. He commenced by referring to the proposition made by Mr. Roebuck to extend the income-tax to Ireland, and observed that he had indicated the grossest ignorance by his proposi tion. He next adverted to the Land Commission, and re marked that it had been a total failure, and that its labours were directed to prove what was as plain as the immortal physiognomy of Lord Brougham himself, that Ireland was inhabited by a people that were badly fed, badly clothed, and badly housed. He next called upon the men of Ulster to preserve, as they would their lives and honour, the tenant-right of that province, and then said, in reference to tike visit of the Queen to Ireland, that the mast who compro mised the right of domestic legislation in consequence of the royal visit, was a traitor to his country. If this were offered as a bribe to the Irish people, not by the Queen. but her Ministers, it would be rejected.—( Hear.) Her whole nature would recoil from the base surrender of national right—by men who would be satisfied with the substitute of scram b!ings for the crumbs which might fall from the royal table at the Wstle, or the lordly board of those who would be fur a while die resident nobility of Ireland. He begged of his countrymen, however, to excel their proverbial courtesy and gallantry, and uphold the hospitiility of the Irish soil in the reception which they would give the Queea. Ile was only anxious that when her Majesty returned to England, she would go back instinct with a knowledge of all the feelings of the Irish. When her Majesty came to Ireland she would be received as she deserved to be, with enthusiasm by the Irish. people.—( Loud cheers.) Mr. O'CONNELL here said, that the pgiod had arrived when they should send petitions to Paißament for repeal. Although they did not expect that the Legislature would soon grant the measare, petitions would serve as a sort of caution to whatever wise staSssmen succeeded the present ab.;urd Administration, and induce them to look to the state of Ireland, and agree to the peaceable agreement which they (the repeaters) required. Mr. FerzuEnate), M.P., forTippeary, having i read a com munication from the country, observed, that n the recent debate in the House of Lords, the Duke of Wellington was reported to have uttered a very egregious falsehood, in de daring, that at no monster meeting held to advance the re peal sAuse was a single petition adopted. He ( Mr. Fitzge rald give a most decided contradiction to that asser tion, for he had read and proposed a petition at the Cork wester meeting. Me..O'CoNssmr , said that the Duke of Wellington was in- Capable of asserting what was positively untrue, and the re porter must have been mistaken on the occasion alluded to. The matter was of such importance, that he would move, be fare the meeting rose, that a Committee be appointed to in quire and report upon the exact number of petitions which had been adopted at the monster meetings held in Ireland. Mr. W. S. O'BruEN, 31. P., then brought forward the se cond report of the Sub-Committee on the removal from Eng land of poor persons born in Ireland. There was at present a Bill before the House of Commons relating to parochial settlement in England, and it became the duty of the Parliamentary Committee to say how the Irish people would be affected by it.—(Hear, hear.) The Honourable Gentleman then read soma extracts from the report, enume rating instances of persons who had resided in England for years being transported to Ireland because they applied for parochial relief, and concluded by saying that, if they had an, Irish Parliament, their people would not have to go to Eng land to seek employment.—(Cheers.) He moved that the report be adopted by the Association. Mr. O'CONNELL, M.P., seconded the motion. It was fright fullo think of the cruelty which was practised under the colour of the Poor-law Act. Of what country were these facts related? Was it of the Hottentot, or the barbarians of Australia or New Zealand? No, it was of England.—( Hear, hear.) Some of the newspap:rs accused him of hating Eng land. He had no hatred towards England, but he had the most thorough hatred of the crimes perpetrated in the name of that country.—( 'leer, hear.) The H in. Gentleman next adverted to the inquiry between the Poor-law Commissioners and the guardians of the South Dublin union in reference to the appointment of a physician to the union. Gentlemen conuectod with the press had attended at the Commissioners' inquiry, but Mr. Gilbert, the Assistant-Commissioner, had all but kicked them out of the room. He (Mr. O'Connell) had always been opposed he the introduction of the poor-law into this country, even at the risk of his popularity, and he would like to see the man now who would Vote fur its continuance. The Honourable and Learned Gentleman concluded by saying that the poor law should be either remodelled or repealc&—(Cheers.) Mr. CYCONNELI„ in a lengthy speech, moved that the Com mittee appointed to draw up a report on the Land Commis sion report have leave to sit again.—Motion carried. The rent for the week was announced to be 4771 15s. 3d. Srock. ExcitAzion, DUBLIN, Meacur 10.—Government Three per Cent. Consols, 09 5 / 8 ; Ditto Three-and-a-Quar ter per Cent. Reduced, 102 X 3 103. City of Dublin Steam Shares, 52 1 ,4 ; Dublin and Glasgow Steam Company, 4t ; Mining Company of Ireland,l4 ; Dublin and Drogheda Itailway,B2%; Great Southern and Western, 11!,-! 3 ; Ditto Extension to Cork and Limerick, 7 ; Irish Great Western. Dublin to Gal. way, 2 3 4 ; Wexford and Carlow Junction. 2%; Dundalk and Enniskillen, 27 7.4 ; Waterford and Limerick, 4% i ; Bel fast and Ballymena, 3 . 7 i 4; Cork and Bandon, 93/4. SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. GLOBE.—The extent to which Sir Robert Peel intends to propose an addition to the Mavnooth grant has not yet been announced. It seems to be admitted, en all hands, that the Increase will be considerale. The present amount voted an nually by Parliament, and which has continued the same for the last 50 years, is 8,0001. If the statements which make the addition to that vote 20,0001.—thus raising the sum to 28,0001. —be correct, the increased power which will be thus given to the Roman Catholics, of propagating their doctrines, • will be considerably increased. It is also reported that the buildings of the College are to be placed under the charge of the Board of Public Works, and are to be repaired and kept up at the public charge. From what fell from Sir Robert Peel on this subject in the House of Common% it is under stood that no interference with, or inspection of, the internal • management of the seminary, is to be required on the part of Government. All is to be left, as it now is, under the control and direction of the Roman Catholic hierarchy. The grant, thus largely increased, is to be fettered with no condition. What is freely given is to be as freely received. However willing Sir Robert Peel may be to throw his former pledges and promises overboard, upon the plea that State necessity calls for the sacrifice at his hands, we yet doubt whether he has not, on this occasion, reckoned without his host. That his conveniently-pliable majority in the House of Commons would do his bidding in this, or • any other deviation from, or c,eitradie ' tion of, their former sayings or doireee, their sub serviency leaves no room fi. doubt. But in this (else there are difficulties out - of doors. Principles of opposi tion, fro n different points of the political and religious hemisphere, are preparing to unite, as in one common centre, against this proposed application of the national re venue to give extension and effect to Popish doctrines. A combined opposition to the scheme will thus be raised, more formidable than has seen provoked by any previ)us measure which t'_3 present Ministry has ventured to pro pound. This scheme forms no part of what is termed justice to Ireland." A perfect equality in all civil privileges with their Protestant fellow-countrymen is the indefeasible right of the Roman Catholics of Ireland. Per feet confidence should be reposed in their loyalty by the Go veratnent, and strict impartiality in the distribution of official patronage should be exhibited toward them by the Ad ministration. The secular education of the children of their poor should be aided by the State, without interference with religious teaching, which should be left exclusively to their own clergy. Every means within • - the power of the Legislature and the functions of Government, • • ' . should be employed to elevate the condition, and thus inspire the confidence, of the people. The Roman Catholics of Ire e • land have a right to these, and to all other civil privileges and i immunities. But a brood line of distinction exists be tween civil rights and State endowments. This distinction • will be insisted upon in the forthcoming controversy ; and we cannot see how Sir Robert Peel will be able to meet the objections, and turn aside the battle which will be fought upon ifs ground. The education of the young men who are edu (-ate(' at the College of Maynooth is emphatically and exclu sively religious. They are there trained for thG priesthood ofthe Roman Catholic Church. Its doctrines are there instilled into their minds ; the " bodily worship" enjoined by the Ronrish ritual is there daily and hourly practised. They thus become familiarised by habit with its ceremonies and observances. At the appointed time they come forth, and receive power- and authority from the Bishop to preach, teach, and enjoin the same things upon others. In proposing to call upon the Protestant people of • England to pay for educating the Roman Catholic priests of Ireland, we think Sir Robert Peel has ventured on an expe riment which will fail. This proposal is neither more ror lees than to endow—out of the taxation of the country, e.e e, -principally paid by English Protestants—a Propaganda Col .- lege for the growth and spread of doctrines which they • believe to be impregnated with errors of awful tendency. Transubstantian, papal infallibility, the worship of the Virgin and the saints, the use of imeges, penance, purgatory, priestly absolution, baptismal regeneration, celibacy, monkery, and all the other dogmas against which the Reformers pro teeted, many of them even to martyrdom, are, in the excess of Sir Robert Peel's new-born love for Popery, to be cultivatd and cherished by means - of a large yearly Parliamentary grant to-Maynooth. Will the Protestant spirit which yet lives and breathes in the Protestant Establishment of the country, and among the numerous and enlightened bodies of disaidente from her communion, consent to this? We think it will not. Dissenters from the Established Church will also urge an objection, peculiar to themselves, against this prop -used fermidably large endowment to Maynooth. Ob jecting, as they do, to all State endowments of religion, they will oppose this extension of the principle to a Church to whore doctrines and ceremonies they, as Protestants, espe cially object. The Wesleyans have steadily resisted the extension of civil privileges to Roman Catholics, lest they should employ those acquired powers to the in jury of Protestants. This powerful and firmly-com patted body are, we understand, preparing to meet the scheme, on its announcement, with the deter ' mined and effective opposition which their well-adapted connexional machinery can readily and expeditiously combine and enforce. A considerable and influential p arti in- the Church of England will jam in this dem ons t ra tion. . The stern and jealous Protestantism of Scotland will take the alarm. Au apprehension, that Popery will derive increased power feen enlarged means supplied by the State, will stitnu lrte all classes of Protestants to resist the Government scLeme, while a perception that for questionable purposes such as this, the inearne - tax is t o be retained , wiil increeele the unpopularity of the Ministry, and will constit u t e a for mid title item in the account which it will have to settle with tire country when the day of reckoning comes. STANDARD.—The lorg debate upon the conduct of the • ,Governor of New Zealand last night was subject to this ' sitri,4what important objection, that nobody knew distinctly vhat, toe. conduct of the Governor has been ; still less 4my one in possession of the reasons for his mea ieeteei, • 113 far as theCe measures could be guessed at.• Mr. C. -Buller, Mr. Aglionby, &c., however, thought disthrct and sure knowledge of the facts .`, .~ ~ ~~. .--~ i is not necessary to the discussion of a sy-tem of Govern ment, and so they occupied the attention of th• House. Now here let us point to a distinction, the neglect o' which may obscure the absurdity of this mode of proceeding. It is true that when any important event has occurred, as the lots of a colony, or even a formidable in surrection in a colony, or the loss of a ship of war, or the like, the Parliament or the Executive, as the case may be, is entitled to call for an explanation ; and if the explanation is not at hand, to proceed to judgment, without delay. And why is this? Because in such cases as are supposed, there is a fait accompli of sufficient magnitude to interest the country, and a fact which is certain and irrevocable, constituting what our law calls a corpus de licti. But the CISC is very different where the alleged offence or injury is cumulative, and to be deduced from a lonr4 series of facts, in themselves unimportant, innocent, or indifferent. To put a man upon trial, or to call for judgment upon him, without first clearly establishing the whole chain of facts upon which you found your charge, is plainl3'.-,tirst, to • gratuitously make a crime that may• have no real existence, and then impute it. In the case of a man on the spot thus accused, there would be good ground for complain ing of injustice ; but the thing is perfectly monstrous when the man is at the antipodes. However, Captain Fitzroy found able and efficient defenders; and the waste . of so much breath, and the lose of so much time, have been-the worst effoct of Messrs. Huller and Aglionby's proceedings. These gentlemen have lost nothing in any one's estimation for can dour and generosity—for a reason. PROM TEE EVENING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY. GLOBE.—That the payment of Clerks of the Peace and Clerks of Petty Sessions by fees, instead of by salary, is a system fraught with mischiefs to the public, and calculated to pervert the administration of justice in the inferior Courts, especially in the country districts, we have shown not merely by argument but by facts. Many of the latter we have carefully selected from the provincial journals, who3e reports of the proceedings at Quarter and Petty Sessions we have referred to for the purpose. Intelligent cur respondents, in different parts of the kingdom, have also supplied us with well authenticated case', by which the vices of the existing system were exposed, and the necessity of a change in the mode of remunerating these officers of justice was enforced. We may therefore be supposed to feel grati fied on finding that the . Goveenment has undertaken to cor rect the evils so generally admitted to exist. The Bill which Sir James Graham—as the Minister whose department is specially charged with the general superintendence of the public justice of the country—has introduced to the House of Commons, and which was read a second time last night, seems well adapted to remove the evils arising out of the present mode of payment. Having taken a special in terest in the subject, we congratulate the country on the interposition of the Government, and on the prospect of a more healthful mode of remunerating the Clerks of the Peace in counties, and the Clerks of Petty Sessions, than that which has been found to work so great an amount of mischief to the community. Sir James Graham, in the speech with which lie moved the second reading of the Bill, stated the principle on which it was founded, and the means by which it proposed to secure the purposes it WM framed to effect. The prin ciple of the Bill, as stated by the Right Hon. Baronet, is in the nature of an axiom: "That, on the whole, justice is better administered by public ser vants receiving salaries for the duties performed by them, than by receiving fees for those duties." To adduce proof in support of such an axiom might, indeed, appear to be superfluous. The Right Hen. Secretary's remarks in sup port of this simple and eelf-evident proposition will be con curred in by all who have paid ordinary attention to the Working of the system to which they apply :—" In the first place, he was satisfied that not only the ends of justice would be better answered by the payment of salaries, bet ho entertained also a very strong opinion that, in the end, economy also, and the inter ests of the ratepayer, would be considered, and advan tageously considered, by the measures they were then dis cussing." The cold and discouraging reception which the measure met with from several country gentlemen, who carped at rather than spoke against several of its provisions, shows the jealousy with which the "great unpaid" view any interference with what they regard as a kind of hereditary jurisdiction. A poacher in their preserves, and a Secretary of State who interferes with their magisterial privileges, is alike the object of their anti pathy. To transport the one, and thwart the other, is their study. Who, but persons under the influence r of deeply 'rooted prejudices, would have started objections so positively puerile and self-stultifying as these which Mr. Egerton, Mr. Darby, and Mr. Henley substituted for arguments in the de bate of last night ? The former gentleman paid but a poor compliment to the county magistracy, as a body, when he assumed that they would victimise the county rate payers by availing themselves of the power • vested in them by the Bill to award inordinately. large salaries to the functionaries who are now paid by fees, for the purpose of in ducing competent persons to undertake the duties which de volve on those officers. We know how dangerous it is to en trust any man, or number of men, with irresponsible powers, more especially with power over the public purse: We therefore recommend, as we have invariably done in similar cases, that the amount of salary proposed to be paid to the functionaries alluded to should be ratified by the Secretary of State for the Home Department. But who would have expected that a distinguished member of their own body, as the Hon. Member for Cheshire is, should have objected to the payment of clerks of the peace and clerks of petty sessions by salary, lest the magistrates should award an extravagantly large amount of salary to the officers of their selection ? STANDARD.—The Property -tax Bill was, as our readers have seen, read a third time and passed last night. Several amendments were proposed and discussed at greater or less length, but all reeected by considerable majorities. The amendment of Sir R. Inglis, limited as it was by the Hun. Baronet, to incomes of 500/. per annum et infra, shared the fate of the rest—sufficient proof that the House was resolved to carry the measure in its integrity, for if any alteration could be permitted, that proposition had certainly the strongest claims to consideration. Most, indeed, will regret that the dan g er of allowing exceptions, which, once .ad mitted. would soon eat up the whole measure, rendered it impossible to adopt the benevolent proposition of Sir Robert Inglis. One or two points were raised in the 'successive dis cussions that are not undeserving of remark. Sir • William Clay entered his protest against the Bill, as an attack upon that most amiable and interesting class. misers; and Mr. Benjamin Hawes hurled 'after it his malediction with a spirit and energy, that gives us all reason to be thankful that the Member for Lambeth cannot yet launch thunder-bolts. Misers, says Sir William Clay, are the great benefactors of mankind. Demosthenes thought differently when he called them " instinctive traitors." Bacon thought differently when he charged them as the collectors of foniites of miseny and of moral con tagion. Lord Chatham thought differently when he called them bloodsuckers. History tells a dif fcreet story of them, and history is not ill supported by the experience of common life. However,-we concede, for argu ment sake, that misers are the objects of all that tender love and deep veneration which Sir William Clay demands for them, and we concede, absolutely, that men are not to be persecuted on account of their wealth, or presented in the Turkish fashion with a bow-string, as the acknowledgment of their merit in accumulating money. But conceding all this, we take leave to ask, how is the miser more injuriously affected by a property and income tax than is any other person ? If the State take more from the ricri man than the poor man by a property and income tax, does it not leave him more and protect - more for him also? For example, the man of 150/. a year pays to such a tax but 4/. 103. ; whereas the man of 1,5001. a year pays 451. This, however, is but one side of the account; turn to the other side. The State leaves to the former 1451. 103., and protects it for him ; and it leaves to the latter 1,455 L. and protects it for him—there is surely nothing unequal or unreasonable in this as they will tell at any insurance-office, where we always find the premium bearing, ceteris paribus, an exact ratio to the sum insured. As to the ability of the parties to pay, it is a very simple sum, whether it is easier to live and support a family upon 1451. per annum, or 1,45.51.? There is, however, another view of the subject, at which the Member for the Tower Hamlets appears to glance. Ile seems to think that men will he deterred from growing rich, by the fear of the property tax ! Let him dismiss all apprehension upon the subject ; men will grow rich if they can, in contempt of ell such dangers, witness the well-taxed Jews of the Ilth, 12th, 13th, 14th, and 15th centuries. Nobody will refuse .0701. because it is not a thousand. Well, if the property-tax neither persecutes the lovely miser ells' nor deters men from joining its ranks, where is Sir William Clay's objeetion? We, for ourselves, though not altogether so much enamoured of the venerable order of misers as Sir William Clay,' have nevertheless the highest respect for the prudent, frugal, saving order, and therefore we much desire to see that order infinitely extended ; confident that some thousands of prudent, frugal, and saying men, will aceum-elate more capital ia a country than any possible number of mere misers—capital, too, which may be collected upon single objects of the greatest magnitude, as we have seen it in the case of our great companies, and as we see it in the case of railroads. But how is the order of prudent, frugal, and saving men to be extended, if not by giving to almost every man something to save beyond subsistence, and by un fettering the pursuits of industry ?—the precise objects of Sir Robert Peel's financial reforms, of which the property-tax is the essential basis. The difference between the Member for the Tower Hamlets and the Premier is this—the former would nurse and fondle a few Harpagons, extending to t heir bags an inviolability from even equal taxation, the letter would have a rich and frugal. iedustrions and progressive people—not persecuting the Harpagnne, but not sparing to call upon .them for an equal contribution. The ground upon which Mr. Hawes hurried his malediction is the opportunity which the propertytax gives to the Premier to remove the taxes that affect industry and commerce—a reason, in the full enjoyment of all the honour Of which We shall leave the Honourable Member for Lambeth unmolested. There is a remark of Sir Robert Peel's equally profound and just, which goes to the 'root of the whole question of the preference due to direct or indirect taxation—a remark which will, we trust, be seriously considered by the people. All depends upon the social state of the country. In a new country, where capi al is scarce and equally distributed, and where the people live, as it were, from hand to mouth, almost without capital, direct taxation must be equally unproductive and oppressive •, and whatever revenue the State requires must be raised from taxes on con sumption to which all mast contribute more or less, and to which each may in some measure proportion his contribu tion to his means. Exactly the reverse obtains in a coun try where capital is redundant. In a country so cir cumstanced, " the pressure of conti guous wealth," unaided by the tax man, reduces the condition of the less affluent below what it ought to be, and indirect taxation affecting them (witness the failure of the 5 per cent. duties in 1840) becomes unproductive, and unproductive it cannot be without having been first most grievously oppressive. ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE. HOME C'lRCUlT.—ltlairhstme, March 12. CIVIL SlDE.—(Before Lord Chicf Justic,; DENmAN awl a Common. Jury.) RUTLEY V. THE SOITTH-EASTERN RAILWAY CODIPANY. This was an action brought by the plaintiff; a carrier, at Dover. to recover from the South-Eastern Railway Company the va!ue cf certain perishable goods, consist ing of fish and meat, and which he alleged were de- trt,yed by reason of their illegally refusing to allow him to send them upon the railway after the tolls and rates paid by the Act of Parliament had been duly paid. There were a great many counts in the plaintiff's de claration, of which the above is the substance. The Co:npany had put s:weral pleas upon the rccord, alleging that the rates and talk 11,d not been paid—that money was due frora t:e plaintiff to the Company, and also that the waggon containing the goods in qnrstion was not loadod in the form ttnd manner required by the Act Parliament, The circumstances under which the action was brought were these. The plaintiff had, for a consider able time followed the occupation of a carrier very ex tensively between Dover, London, and the intermecruN, p?ace, upon the route, but upon the establishment of the ral vay he was, of course, compelled to give up 'aid system of business, and for some time: he, is com mon with other carriers, convey e d hi s goods. by the rail- THI-41 SUN, LONDON, FRID A Y EVENING, MARCH 14, 1815, way. Various regulations were at different times made I by the Company with reference to the carriers upon this line, and one of them was, that the payments should be ' male by what was called " the trip," either from Lon don to Dover, or vice versa, and the plan was, that the gross highest amount of tonnage, eitLer way, should be paid for, and on the return no charge should be made by the Company. It appeared to bo the custom of the Company to allow the carriers a week's credit, at the end of which time the accounts were made up, and the gross amount carried each way accurately ascertained, but in consequence of some disagreement between the plaintiff and the Company, relative to a sum of 1001., which they alleged he owed, and w.liich he said was due from other parties whose goods he had conveyed, the Company refused to give him the usual week's credit, and insisted that he should pay in advance for everything they carried for him, undertaking to return him, at the end of the week, any balance that might be in his favour through the arrange ment above alluded to. This state of things went on for a short time ; but on the 11th of August, in last year, the plaintiff haying sent his goad., as usual, from London, paid for a quantity of three tons, at the Bricklayers' Arms, or some of the other stations on the line, and on his sending back a smaller quan-• tity, some portion of which consisted of perish able articles, such as fish, &c., on the same trip, tho railway authorities at the Folkston° station refused ► o allow them to be carried on, unless he paid an additional amount.- To this objection was made; but an offer was given to deposit a sum of money, with a view to try the question, if the clerk would allow the goods to be for warded to London ; but he refused, and the truck con taining the property was detached from the engine and' left behind; the result being, that the whole of its con tents were destroyed. Sergeant SHER, on behalf of the Company, took sevee ral legal objections to the form of the declaration, refer ring to the different Railway Acts in support of his ar gument ; but the Court over-ruled them. The Learned SERGEANr then proceeded to address the jury. and said that in opening this case his Learned Friends had designated the defendants as a set of spas culators. lie was ready to ;admit that they were specu lators, but at the same time he must say that the specu lation which they had carried out was one of greater benefit to the community than any that had ever been brought forward by any other speculators in the history of this country. It was true that they did expect some benefit from their speculation, and obtain those rights . and privileges to which they were entitled, and he con tended that they had done no more in this case than the Act of Parliament under which the railway was esta blished, entitled the proprietors to do. lie then pro ceeded to comment upon the circumstances of the case, and submitted to the jury that there was no ground for the present action. The LORD CHIEF JUSTICE briefly addressed the jury, and expressed his opinion, that upon the form of the de claration in the present action the plaintiff was entitled to a verdict, and that the Company hnving received the rates of toll for th 6 larger quantity upon the trip down, hid no right to make a further demand upon the journey back to London. He therefore directed the jury to find for the plaintiff The jury returned a verdict accordingly. Damages, 45/. ls. Bd. eated the whole of the prisoners in the transactions of the fatal night or the 19th December. The examination of the other witnesses for the prose cution was then proceeded with. Joseph Hooper, a gamekeeper, regularly employed on the Earl of Coventry's estates, and who was out with the' watchers on the night of the affray, proved that the wafer • tunate deceased was brought to his (Hooper's) house about midnight, in an insensible state, and (as he described it) a with his head beaten all to pieces." Mr. Pritchett, surgeon, of Kempsey (near Croome), who was called up to the deceased, was next examined, and his evidence was followed by that of Mr. Pierpont, one of the surgeons to the Worcesier Infirmary, where the deceased was afterwards taken, who minutely described the nature of the injuries which the deceased had suffered, and which caused his death. The chief of these were severe fractures of the skull, through which the brain protruded. The operation of trepanning was performed at the infirmary, but Staite died a day of two afterwards, without an interval of sensibility. This, with the testimony of R. Temple, Esq., one of the trustees of the infant Earl otCoventry, who was called to prove Hooper's appointment under the trust, completed the evidence for the prosecution. Mr. GODSON then addressed the jury for the whole of the , prisoners in a long and able speech. He contended that there had been no evidence adduced throughout the whole of the trial whiCh would go to prove the existence of such malice afdrethought as was necessary to constitute the crime of murde:r. Even it the jury considered that malice had existed aforethought, they would then have to consider whether there could be any malice implied by .the law why.di could affect more than one of the ten prisoners at the bar. LODDSHIP summed up in a very careful and compre hensive address to the jury, which was listened to with the profoundest attention. The jnry consulted together, and returned an unanimous verdict of " (.lulty of Manslaughter" against the e, hole of th© ten prisoners, Joseph Turco'', Samuel Turvey, Francis Dingley, George Brant i Thomas Hooper, John Cook. Joseph Tandy, Thomas Collins, .William Cosnett, and William Bronitield. _ iijS LORDSHIP said he would pass sentence to-morrow ni? Re in' e' . ourt then adjourned until nine o'clock to-morrow 'morning. UNIVERSITY INTELIGENCR.—OXFORD, MARCH 13. —The Examiners appointed by the trustees of the Lusby Scholarships have elected Mr. Frederick William Foster, from Sheffield Grammar School, to the vacant Scholarship. business of this session would be considerably increased, by the immense number of railway Bills coming before Parliament•; and it was this circumstance which had induced him to call their attention to the subject at this early peri.id of the session. If their Lordships adopted any new rules with regard to the disposal of this private bus'nesf, he hoped they would du so speedily, in order that the public might be fully warned of their nature. The Bill W 39 then read a second time, and their Lordshirs immediately afterwards adjourned. HOUSE OF CO 11 MONS, March 13. The House resumed at Five o'clock. The Bedford, Birmingham, and London Railway Bill was read a first time. It was reported to the House, on behalf of the Committee on the Waterford and Kilkenny Railway, that the standing orders might be dispensed' ith. D IRTMOUT II ELECTION. The following- Members were sworn in as a Comm;t'eo to try the merits of the petition against the return of Mr. Somes : —Mr. Pakington; chairman, Mr. llayter, General Lygon, Mr. Parker, and. Mr. Darby. CO INWALL RAILWAY. Sit J Y. BULLER presented several pAitions against the Cornwall Railway Bill. POST-OFFICE ESPIONAGE. Mr. SHEIL begged leave to ;resent a pet ition from Signor Palliotti, in reference to the transactions connected with the Government opening of letters addressed to foreigners resident in London. The petition was one of some length, and the petitioners declared that they had found it impossible to reconcile the treatment of the Bandieras with the declarations of her MajestO Govern ment, for this reason-mat the letters were opened in the Lon don Post-office, at a time, mud under circumstances totally at variance with the statements of the Government. The petitioners' then went on to state that the Bandiera party were in Corfu in April, I t 341 ; that they were in Calabria on the Bth of_ May. 1844, and from thence until the month of July ; hut then, if the Government assertion be correct, it would be difficult to understand how they could reconcile the opening of those letters with the alleged fact that they were ignorant of this meditated descent, and, therefore, of all participation in the mur der of the s x persons who had been executed at Bolovna. On these grounds the petitioners argued that the English Go vernment were participators in this perfidious conduct, and prayed that a law should he introduced on the subject. CHARITABLE BEQUESTS ACT (IRELAND). Mr. SHEIL also presented a petition from a parish in the County of Down, aga►nst the Charitable Bequests Bi 1. Mr. B. ROCHE presented a petition to the same effect from the County of Sligo- IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORDS, March 13. The LORD CHANCELLOR. took his seat on the Woolsack at Four o'clock. SCOTCH BANKING. Lord CAMPBELL presente:d a petition from the magis trates and town-council of Irvine against any interference with the present system of banking in Scotland. ADJOURNMEN r OF THE HOUSE. The Duke of WELLINGTON rose"to give notice that on Tue s day next, — wiiii the permission of their Lordships, he wo-,thl move that the House adjourn fur the holidays, from that day till Thursday, the 3d of April. POOR-LAWS (IRELAND). The Earl of WICKLOW presented a petition from the poor-law guardians of a union in Ireland, praying for an in quiry into the working of the poor-laws in that country. CORPORATION MONOPOLY (LONDON). Lord BROUGHAM presented a petition to which he called the attention of the House, and especially of the Lord Chan cellor, and his Noble Friend the President of the Board of Trade, from a great number of householders in the City of London, complaining that they had been threatened by the Corporation with legal proceedings if they d d net take up their freedom, which, at the lowest, would cost them each 111. 4s. Amongst these petitioners was a poor widow, who had been in business but six months, obtaining with difficulty a few pence a day fur her subsistence—and if their Lordships would not interpose she would be absolutely ruined, for she could no more pay 111. 4s. than she could pay the national debt. The only way that he could effect what the petitioners desired was to bring in a Bill to extend to the City of London the 14th section of the sth and 6th Wm. IV., which abolished the same grievous monopoly in all other towns, cities, and boroughs, in the realm, in which, as well as in London, the same oppression was in force. Messengers from the Commons brought up the Bill for ex tending the income and property tax for three years ; also, the Consolidated Fund'Bill, for appropriating 8,000,00C1. for 1845; and aßill for carrying into effectsertain public works in Scotland. FREEDOM OF THE CITY OF LONDON. Lord BROUGHAM brought in a Bill, which was read a first time, for extending the provisions of the sth and r;th William IV. to the City of London. The object of this Bill is to enable non-freemen to carry on business in places where freedom was previously a title. DIVORCE. Lord BROUGHAM presented a Bill, which was read a first time, for extending the suggestions in cases of divorce (not to cases of divorce, for that male a considerable difference), the -object of this Bill being to facilitate the remedy of the poor man in such cases. RAILWAY SCHEMES. -Lord BROUGHAM said that he wished to ask a question of his Noble Friend at the head of the Board of Trade, re specting the decisions to which the Board, of which he was the head, had come, with reference to the several lines pro jected between London and York. He would not ask this question: to-dap, kif it were inconvenient to answer it, but he 'would give notice of it for a future day. as his object was to found a motion which would bring before the House the day 'and tie time of the day—for the time of the day was important, when this decision was come to. His reason for asking the question was this :—lt was well known in the City, at 12 o'clock on Tuesday, that the London and York had been decided against, and the consequence was that the shares of the other two lines had risen 2 and 3 per tent. premium, loog before the Gazette which contained that decision was pub lished. The Earl of DALHOUSIE said that he had not the slightest objection to give the information which his Noble and Learned Friend had asked, as tar as it laid in his power. The fact was that the precise time at which this decision was made was in the afternoon. The Board on that day was held in the afternoon, and, therefore, it was utterly impossible that this rise could have resulted from any communication with the Board of Trade. The inferences which his Noble and Learned Friend drew from the facts which he had stated, was, that either a com munication had been made from the Board of Trade with parties in the City, or else that proper concealment had not been usedin order to prevent the decisions of the Board of Trade from being made use of in the stock market, and he could not conceive that the decision in this particular cave had bad any effect en the operaions of the stock market. There were three distinct parties to the communication between London and York. There was the London and York line, the Cambridge and Lincoln line, the object of which was to extend the communication to York by means of Cambridge, and the Direct Northern. These three parties were each pre pared to carry out their designs to the fullest extent. They were possessed of large capital ; they were supported by a long following, spectively by immense influence. Ty an a d ppe w a e ra r d e tfi ba c c a k r ed ry out their design to the very utmost. A circumstance, however, occurred, of which he was not cognisant until the Tuesday. This circumstance had occurred on the Monday. Upon con sideration the Cambridge and Lincoln and the Direct Northern had come to the decision of coalescing. had come to the decision of coalescing. Was it to be wondered at that those who were cognizant of this fact would fail to per ceive that where two lines had coalesced against a third, that the great probability that Parliament, or the Board of Trade at least, would certsinly decide in favour of those companies which had coalesced, and against that which had thus gone to the wall , and that they, therefore, who had interest in the third line, would be eag.ri to sell out of that lice and buy into the other two, and that the shares If the other two should rise? But he would defy his Noble and Learned Friend to produce one person who had received any communication from the Board of Trade, or who could prove that the proper measures for concealment had not been taken. He was mati • for • L ready to give every Information ,that ne possessed. Lord lIROUGHA said that all he could observe was, that he derived his information from a very important merchant and broker, that that gentleman had no knowledge whatever on Tuesday of the coalition which his Noble Friend at the head of the Board of Trade had said took place on Tuesday, anti he felt that it was not only a matter of courtesy but a bounden duty on the part of the Ministers of the Crown, to give the fullest and most extensive inforniation on any subject which was brought before Parlianaent It was their duty not only to Parliament but to the country. There was sufficient reason for his queetion in the fact of this rise having been realised at twelve o'cloek, when the Gazette, by which the property ought to have been affected, was Pot published until the evening. The Earl of DALHOUSIE said that he had already stated that the Board was not held until the afternoon, and that therefore the shares could not have been affected by the deci sion at which it had arrived. He was ready, he repeated, to give every information, ani he felt that it was a matter of duty, and not one of courtesy—though he was not aware that it was the duty of a Minister of the Crown to give that in formation which ke did not possess. If his Noble and Learned Friend had seen as much of railway schemes within the last few months as he had, he' would have learned that railway politics was an exceedingly intricate matter, and that it was a policy among railway shareholders to conceal as much as possible the knirwledge which they possessed from each other. Lord BROUGHAM said he could not but say that the eX. planation of his Noble Friend, so far as it went, was satisfac- Tory; but he must, at the same time, assert , that a judicature like that which was exercised by the Board of Trade over rail way schemes, was one abhorrent to the constitution, and odious to the whole country, and that should such accidents as these frequently occur, he should feel it his duty to bring a motion before the House for a considerable modification of that Board. The NOBLE EARL then presented a petition, very numerously signed, from traders and shopkeepers of Exeter, against the 20/. clause in the Bill of last session for the Abolition of Imprison ment for Debt. Lord COT TEN HAM tookihat opportunity of disclaiming the authorship of this clause. It was true that he had proposed the abolition of imprisonment for debt, but he had coupled that pro position with affording the creditor the means of getting his debt. Lord BROUGHAM said the means which his Noble Friend proposed was that of taking the wages of the debtor, and this was found not to answer in Scotland, although it was still in operation in that country. Lord COTTEN H AN! said he had proposed to give the cre ditor the power of examining his debtor as to what property he possessed. - After a few words from Lord CAMPBELL the matter dropped. JEWISH DISABILITIES BILL. On the motion being put for going into Committee on this Bill, The Marquis of LANSDOWNE asked if the provisions or the measure were not to be extended to Ireland and Scotland ? The LORD CHANCELLOR said that the declaration did not apply to Scotland, and, therefore, the extension of the Bill to that country was not necessary. But he did not know with certainty whether or not it applied to Ireland. He was in. eined to think that it did not, and if so the Bill would not be necessary in that country. Lord CAMPBELL hoped that in another session a Bill would be introduced to do away with the declaration alto- gether. In fact there was no legal necessity for any man to make the declaration. When once elected he was protected by the Bill of Indemnity. The declaration was not taken by the Lord Chancellor or the other high officers of State, and there was no obligation by law upon any other officer to;take it. The Bill then went through Committee, and was ordered to be read a third time to-morrow. Lord DALHOUSIE moved the second reading of the Corn. panies Clauses Consolidation Bill. Lord MONTEAGLE took that opportunity of calling at tention to the extent of business that was likely to come before them in the present session. Their Lordships would remember that,- at the end of last session, they were very much pressed for time in getting rid of the private business ; and he believed a Bill of great public importance was all but lost, owing to the want of a Committee. end of fe i D as u t k s e es o si f o W n. ELLlNGTON begged to remind the Noble Lord that th ey got r id of a l l these diff icu lties towards the latter Lord MONTEAGLE reminded the VoWe Peke that the RUTLSY V. THE SOUTH-EASTERN RAILWAY COMPANY, This was an action brought by the same plaintiff, to recover the value of certain goods that were alleged to have been destroyed through the negligence of the ser vants of the Company. It appeared that on the 19th September, last year, the plaintiff sent some linen goods by the railway to Dover, and while passing through ShakspPare's Tunnel, some sparks from the engine got inside the truck, and sot the hale containing the property in que.s.ion on fire. The defence was that the goods were not properly and securely packed by the plaintiff, and it was admitted by one of his witnesses that there were a number of holes in the oil cloth placed over the truck, and this, it was alleged, was the cause of the mischief. The jury Found fur the plaintiff—Damages, IV. March 13. CIVIL SIDE. (Before the Loan CHIEF JUSTICE and a Special Jury.) HAIIARRoN IL THE SOUTH-EASTERN RAILWAY cONIFANY. This action was brought by the plaintiff to recover from the defendants the value of certain stacks and farm-buildings be longing to him, and which were destroyed by fire, owing, as he alleged in the declaration, to the servants of the Company neg ligently conducting a certain steam-engine upon the line of the railway, by which means a spark from the chimney fired his stack, and so caused the damage. The defendants pleaded that they had used due care and cau tion, and therefore that they were not liable. Mr. Sergeant CHANNELL, in his address to the jury, said that the present action involved a point of very great import ance to all persons who had property adjoining a railway, as the question to be deeided being whether they were to be sub jected to have that property totally destroyed through the working of the railway, without being entitled to compensa tion for the loss they so suffered. He then proceeded to state that the plaintiff was a farmer, residing at Sallinge, near Dover, and at the time of the projection of the South- Eastern Railway, the Company, under the provisiOns of their Act of Parliament, purchased from him some portion of his land fir the purposes of the railway, which passed quite close to his barns and homestead. The plaintiff had frequently complained to the Company of the danger arising from the trains passing so close to his property, and requested them to adopt some measures to protect it, but' without effect, and at length, in the month of May, in last year, while one of the trains was passinp, a piece of burning coke or coal was driven out of the chimney of the engine, which lodged on the top of a barn, the thatch of which ignited, and before the flames could be extinguished, property to a considerable amount was totally destroyed. The important question to be decided was, whether, although the Company had an Act of Parliament which entitled them to work upon this railway, and which of course they c uld not do without the aid of locomotive en gines, yet if these engines, by reason of their emitting fire, could not be used without danger to the property of others, the using them under such circumstancee, does not amount to neg ligence, and render the Company liable for any damage that might be thus occasioned, and he submitted that it was not becersary to prove any specific negligence. The Learned Sergeant went on to say that he should be able to prove, that mesas had been taken upon other lines of railway by placing a wire guard over the top of the chimney of the engine, or by having a plate perforated with holes is front of the smoke box, to prevent burning coals or ashes coming from it, but upon this line these precautions had been altogether neglected, and this he submitted was another proof of negligence, and under all the circumstances he expressed a confident opinion that the jury would consider his client entitled to a verdict. The agreement for the sale of a portion of the plaintiff 'a land, consisting of two acres and some odd roods and poles, to the Company, for 3501., was then put in. The Learned Counsel then called evidence to prove his case. The plaintiff's case being concluded, Mr. Sergeant Suss then addressed the jury, and said that all the Company for whom he had the honour to appear de sired to have, on the present occasion,, was, that there should be a full and fair discussion of the merits of the case, and that nothing more than justice shonld he done. They only asked the same protection to which any other class of her Majesty's subjects was entitled, and'he wassatisfied that upon the evidence that had been adduced, the.. jury would be of opinion that the plaintiff had not made our• any case, and that the defendants were entitled to a verdict. He submitted that the accident was chiefly to bo attributed to the carelessness of the plaintiff in placing his stacks se near the railway, and to his neglecting to cover his barn with tiles instead of thatch, which he could have done at very trifling expense, and which would have entirely protected his property from any injury of the character now complained of. The plaintiff in his declaration charged the Company with having canted the mist.hief by the negligent and careless manner in which their engine had been worked upon the line, but he contecded that this had not only not been proved, but that it had been absolutely negatived ; and he submitted that - upon the declaration of the plaintiff the Company were entitled to a verdict. The Legis'ature had given the Company the power to use the engines upon the line—they were authorised to do so, and they were merely following their lawful occupa tion in a proper and lawful manner, when this occurrence took place ; and there did not appear to be the slightest pretence for saying that there had been any negligence on the part of the servants of the Company. It was perfectly well known to the Legislature at the time they granted the power to this Com pany to work the line, that the mode by Which they purposed to do so was by the use of engines, propelled by steam which was generated by fire ; that there must be vivid combustion, and that the engines must pass along the high way male by the Company, and by the side of the property along the line ; and he submitted that it would be monstrous to make the Company, under such circumstances, liable for the result of an accident which had occurred in the lawful carrying out of their undertaking, and without the least proof of any negligence or carelessness on their parts, or for which they were responsible. The Learned sergeant, on be half of the plaintiff, had attempted to urge that it was not necessary to prove any specific act of negligence; but he must be well aware that ,in the case of Aldridge v. the Great Western Railway Company, it was distinctly laid down by Lord Chief Justice Tindal, Mr. Baron Parke, and Mr. Justice Coltman that, in a similar case to the present, the plaintiff could not recover unless'hegligence was proved. The Learned Sergeant proceeded to state that it had been attempted to show that the Company had been negligent in not providing the wire guards or plates that had been referred to ; but he submitted that it was very doubtful, upon the evidence, whether those contrivances were of any real service, as it appeared that although a trial had been given to them, they had on most of the lines been entirely discontinued, and he concluded by again ex pressing his opinion that, under all the circumstances, the de fendants ought to have a verdict. The LORD CHIEF JUSTICE then summed up. The jury, after a short deliberation, returned a verdict for the plaintiff—Damages, 8001. TAYLOR V. TL( SOUTH-EASTERN RAILWAY COMPANY. This was an action of a similar character to the last, and it will therefore be unnecessary to go into the detail.. The Jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff—Damages, 8941. 14;. OXFORD ClRCUlT.—Worcester, March 13. THE CROOME MURDER. The. trial of the ten men for the murder of Thomas Staite, at Croome, on the night of the 19th of December last, was resumed this morning, before Chief Baron Pollock. At the adjournment of the Court last night, the jury were locked up fur the night, provision being made for their accommoda tion at the county Courts. The trial was resumed at the early hour of eight o'clock this morning, at which time, on the Court being opened, there was again an awful crush for places, and the Court was crammed to excess throughout the day. The day's proceedings commenced with the examination of witnesses called for the purpose of showing that several of the prisoners had, during their incarceration, expressed a desire to make confessions to the officers of the gaol. Mr. Stables, the clerk to the county prison ; the Rev. W. Ad lington, the chaplain ; T. G. Curtler, Esq. one of the visiting ma•• gistrates ; and one of the turnkeys were called for this pur pose, and separately examined. These statements by the prisoners were, under the d►rection of the magistrates, subse quently taken down in writing, and were now produced as evidence against them. The.pris — oners' Counsel (Mr. Godson, Q.C., and Mr. llud dlestone) objected to the admission of these documents, on the ground that the statements were made in the hope and ex.: pectation of pardon. Mr. LEE and Mr. WHITEHOUSE argued contra, and a good deal of di , cussion ensued, which ended in the Judge ruling that the statements might be read. They were accordingly read by Mr. Be lamy at length, and being of a very voluminous nature a good deal of time was occupied thereby. It would be impossible to give any thing like a sketch of thesi statements within reasonable limits; suffice it to say, that the several confessions impli- farmers was such, that, unless some temedial measures 'were adopted, they would be reduced to the utmost misery and wretchedness. The accounts which he quitted •cf the state of these counties were not. those that had come within his own knowledge, hut such as he had reed, or had been furnished with. It would appear. that . the farmers in the county of Suffolk might be somewhat better off than those in Norfolk and D.'voushire ; but he Would ask this House were not the Government in a position somewhat embarrassing upon this pesition? He contended that they were, and that, ther.fore. they were beund to brieg forward some remedial measure upon the subject ; and he felt quite assured that if the Duke of Buckingham were a Member of this House, he would do as Lord Charidos had done on a fertner occasion, namely, to move's, at resolution to this effecta—(He ar .) The nex t Point he would advert to was. What was the present state of agricultural distr, ss in those counties ? In endea vouring to ascertain the facts on this point, he had dis covered great discrepancies in the various accounts, and in the causes of it. The - Hight Hon. Baronet the :First Lord of the Treasury had stated that these causes were not owing to legislative errors, but to local causes; while the Hon. Member for Dorsetshire contended that the distress was great, and that it did arise from deficient legislative measures. It had also been said, on the part of the Government, that their cOrn.law system had been steady in its operation, and it had been asked, had any one been disappointed in the predictions of the Government that such would be the result of. their corn law measures. But at that time the price of corn was 56s per quarter, and now it was down to 45;.; and, therefore, he would ask hi w that discrepancy co u ld b e reconciled with the statement of the. Government, who had taken so much credit to the.eselves for having con cocted a measure which would keep the price at 565. ? —(fleer, hear.) He would ask, then, what was the meaning of this declaration, if it resulted in this fluctua tion of prices ?--(Hear, heae.) There was a great de lusion abroad among the farmers on this subject, and it was the duty of that House to dispel it. There was this difference of opinion on that side of the House, and there were Members on this side representing important c .inseituenries, who thought the farmers were sufferieg because they had this legislative protection; there were all these differences existing, and was not that sufficient to make it a fit - and proper subject of inquiry ? He was ready to ge into a Select Committee, and to preduce witnesses to show that the farmers had long been suffer ing under great evils, which he would connect with tae cern-laws, though to some they might appear alto gether unconnected with them. The first great evil under which the farmers were lehourina was the want of capital. Ni ' one denied it. it was notorious that they lthoured under a want of capital. He did not say this in disearaleement of the farmers ; they were of the same race. arid if pieced in the same sites tion as manufacturers and !riders, would he as su-cessful its men i'f business. But it was notorious that the farmers suffered tinder at deficiency of : capital ; and he would ask how any basin=s eoulil c'rrie'l on successfully with out it ?—(Hear, hear.) Hon. Gentlemen acquainted with fat-miler would, perhaps. admit that 10/ per acre on an 'arable farm was a competent • aph el I r carrying on the business of such a farm successfully ; that was a fair capital for an arable farm. He had made many inquiries in all parts of the kingdom. and it was his decided con viction that at that moment the farmers did not average 51. per acre of capital on their lend.—(Henr, hear.) He was speaking of Englatid ; he would take all England south of the Trent, and though there were exceptions— there were in every county men o' large capital, men farming their own land—yet, taking it as a rule, hedid not hesitate to state his opinion, and he was prepared to prove it by witnesses before the Committee, that the farmers did notatverage 5/. per acre of capital. Let them only think what an evil this wet ? He gave them a tract of country extending south and north, containing 20,000,000 of cultivatable acres, and there could be no doubt - there was a want of 100.000.000/, of capital upon that land.(Hear,hear.) What was meant by this ward capital ? It meant more manure, more labour, more cattle, and larger crops.- 7 -(llear, hear.) Let the House fancy a country in whirls they could say there was a de ficiericy of one half of the blessings that might exist, and then-let them judge what must be the condition of the labourer on it, wanting employment and food ?—(Hear, hear.) a Perhaps he should hear that capital was abundant in the country ; then how was it in a country posieseing a - plethora of capital, where every business was so overflowing with it, that it went t o F rance f or railroads, and to Pennsylvania for bonds—(Hear, hear, and laughter)—when it went to connect the Atlantic and the Pacifie by canals and railways—when it was sent to the bottom of Mexican mines? How was it, when the country was rich with capital to overflow ing, when it was sent , for investment to every center of the globe, that capital did not find employment in. that. most attractive of all forms, the cultivation of the - soil of the country. Admitting this, they had not in Eagland any cause for not investing their capital ; he believed that the measures they were passing were calculated to decrease the popularity the Government had hitherto obtained. Now, with regard to leases, he had found, in one lease, that the farmer was bound by the following covenants:—He . 'shall pay the landlord 20/. per statute acre for every acre of ground converted for tillage. He shall Illy the landlord 5/. for every load of straw,' or of manure not converted to the uses of the faim. lie shell pay the landlord 101. for every tree fallen, felled, lopped or topped. He shall pay 20/. nor every person emplo) ed by him who shall in conse quent!, gain a s ttiem-nt in the parish.—(Hear lnear.) He shall pay 101. per statute acre for every acre that he shall under- t.— (Hear, hear.) He shall 'perform six teen days' work in the year for the iandlord. He shall keep for the landlord one clog one cock, and ene hen.— (Laughter.) He shall make ne marl without the land lord's consent in, writing, and shall fill up the pit, whenever called upon so to do. He -hall kill no sheep, but such as is used fir the consumption of his family.— (Hear, hear.) New, whet was such an in .trument a that. It was a trap for the unwary.—(hear, hear.) It was a barrier against men of intelligence and capital. —(Hear, hear.) It was it barrier ileionst free men.— (Hear, hear.) So man could farm property under such a : ease —(tiear, hear.) It, was a pereet What were these lie in fact ? They were pi-rf etly antediluvian. When a. lento was required to be drawn up, a la eyer's clerk , ones from a piee on-hole one of these eiitiquated foetus, which had been in us- for centuries, and copied into it all these absurd restrictions. They did not give the farmer credit for the introduction of any improeemeet. In tapt, the c-wenants or these leases were 'such as absoletely to rohieit atiy attempt at improve ment. Now, he observ:d the lion. Member fir the Repe of iirarnlier cheering while he was stating the covenants in this lease. Now, let that HOn. Member leek over his own leases, and altheugh , they might contain nothing about dogs, or cocks, or hens, yet, the covenants in them would be found to be not one whit the less absurd, or the less obstructive of all improvement than the covenants to which he hid drawn the attention of the House. Why did they net make these leases in the same matinee as they made leeses' for manufactories or for plants of business ? Why should - not . farmers be permitted to in-prove if they were desirous of so doing? 'He knew many men who t-ok leases of manufactories for which they paid 1,000/. a year. He knew some Who paid 4,000/. a year. There was an lion. Gentleman near him who paid 4,000/. n year rent for his manufactory. Now, what was the nature of his lease ? Did they think that there was any covenant introduced into that, stating the exact number of revo lutions that every spindle was to make in a minute ? (Cheers and lauehter.) He was rather disposed to think that the Anti Corn law League *es likely to form a joint-stock association, and have nobody but free-trailers _members of it. They would have a model-farm in the 'Kest princely agricultural county in England, in which, .no doubt, there was the greatest need of it—perhaps in Buckinghamshire.—(Laughter.) They would have a , model homestead, a model cottage, a model garden, and would place the whole in the hands of a mart of intelligence, skill, and capital. But his great de sire would be to have a model lease. When this security would be given to him, he would not have the slightest fears for the payment,of the rent. The lease would be Without clause or covenant, and if the tenant should niike more by ploughing it, why let him plough it. And if he wished to grow white crops every year, he should be at liberty to doso.—(lronicel cheers from the Ministe rial benches.) Honourable Members did not seem to approve of this, but he knew several farmers in this country who farmed in this manner. The tenant would of course be required to leave the land in as good condition as when he became possessed of it; and if it were deteriorated in value, he a ould give a pewer of making him pay the amount of deterioration. If on the contrary, the land was in a superior condition, he would oblige the landlord to remunerate him.—(Hear, hear, from the Opposition benches.) He would give the tenant absolute control over the wild as well as over the tame animals. There would be no gamekeeper or sportsman prowling about to annoy him. He would make the. payment of rent the sole test of the tenant's well doing. It had been said by an 'Honourable -Member on a previous occasion, that it was very well to preach about leases, but some farmers would not have leases.—(Cheers.) Hon. Gentlemen might cheer that, but what was the fact—the tenant did not choose leases because he bad been rendered servile and de graded by their abject treatment, and did not want to be independent. Professor Low said, " The argument has again and again been used against the extension of leases that the tenants themselves set no value upon them ; but to how different a- conclusion -ought the ex istence of such a feeling amongst the tenantry of a country to conduct us 1 The feet itself shows that the absence of leases may render a tenantry ignerant of the means of employing their own capital with advantage— indisposed to the exertions which improvemi nts demand, and better: contented with an easy rent, and dependent condition, than with the prospect of an independence, to be earned by increased exertion." It might be said this state of things was not connected with the corn laws or protection. Ile had received the following letter on the subject, from Mr. Hayter, M.P., which he would read. Mr. Hayter says," The more I see of, and practise agriculture, the more firmly am I convinced that the whole unemployed labour of ehe country could, -under a better system of husbandry, be advantageously Pat into operation ; and moreover, that the corn-laws 'have been one of. the principal causes of the present system of hetel farming, and consequent e paurriem. Nothing sheirt of their entire removal will ever induce the average farmer to rely upon anything else than the Legislature for the payment of his rent ; his belief being that all rent is paid by corn, and nothing else than' corn, and- that the Legislature can, by enacting corne laws, create a price which will make bis rent easy. The day of their (the corn-laws) entire abolition, ought to, be a day of jubilee and . rejoicing to every man in terested in land."—(Cries of " Hear, heir.") He would not stop to connect the cause 'and effect, whether the' corn-laws were the occasion Of the absence of capital" among the farmers and their 'want of leases. They , adopted a system of legislation in that House which pre cluded the necessity of his entering into these arguments. After thirty- Teari h trial, whit could be said aof these corn-laws ? Film they had been a cause of the de pression whick:prevailed - iu :agricultur4l .- dißtricts and POST-OFFICE ES?IONAGE. Mr. WAKLEY presented the following petition from the Electors of the Borough of Finsbury:-T" The humble petition -of the ondeselpned persons, appointed by the electors of the Borough of Finsbury in public meeting assembled on Feb. 28, 1845, for the purpose of signing a petition in reference to abuses alleged to have taken place at the London Post:office, and which petition was presented to your Hon. House on February 28 , h last by une of their representatives in Parliament, " SHICIVETII,— " That your petitioners submitted to your Honourable House an expression of the mortification and disgust they felt at the •existence of the abuses in the Poet office complained of, and prayed your Honourable House to examine into all the matters therein set forth, and that you would do full and 'substantial justice,—first, to the public at large; secondly, to their repre sentative, 1. S. Duncombe, Esq. ; and thirdly, to the eonsti tuents of that gentleman; and your petitioners further prayed, that your Honourable House would immediately adopt such measures as would effectually prevent the continuance or the recurrence of the abuses complained of. " That your petitioners feel and know, that such abuses in volve the personal rights and liberties of every member of the community, that they affect the general tone of morality throughout the nation, injure its reputation in the estimation of foreign coentries, prevent the free communication between a representative and his constituents, and, in particular, im plicate the character of T. S. Duncombe, Est , which your petitioners feel to be a great and grievous injury to that gen tleman, as well as to those whotn he represents. " That your petitioners cannot consent to matters of such importance being neglected or g ossed over by mere personal apologies and official evasions, but feeling, as your petitioners do, that a grievous public wrong has been done, they are of opinion that a public inquiry, and an adequate remedy, are im mediately and imperatively called for. " Your petitioners, therefore. pray that your Honourable Muse will. forthwith institute such a full inquiry as shall satisfy the public at large, and the electors of Finsbury in particular, whether any, and what warrant existed for the opening of Mr. Duncombe's letters, and whether any suspicion justly attached to his character, so that they may judge if that gentleman is any longer fitted to continue the representative of a free and independent constituency, and that you will enact a full and sufficient remedy, so as to prevent the recurrence of such abuses as are now complained of. " And your petitioners, as in duty bound, will ever pray, •(Signed) " George Rogers, 58, High-street, St. Giles's. " Edward Medley, 42, Brick-lane. " Charles Tapperell, 14, Smith's-buildings, City-road. " W; D. Cooper, 13, Bloomsbury square. " Richard Moore, 25, Hart-street. " W.. 1. Linton, 85, Hatton-Garden. " Charles H. lilt, 18, High-street, Islington. " Thomas Savage, 213. Tottenham-court-road. &e. &c. Fix." The Hots. Mennen then gave notice that he should, to morrow. move that the petition be printed, wish the votes. Lord •I. M ANN ERS presented a petition from several Spanish officers whp were resident in this country against their will. They had taken refuge in France, but they had been seized by the French authorities, and transported by those authorities to this country against their will. When they were landed here they were without money, and since their residence here they had been supported entirely by charity. They prayed the House to take their case into consideration, awl either to supply them with the means of subsistence, or with the means of leaving the country. Mr. WYSE presented a petition from the guardians of the poor-law union of Nenagh, braying that they might be relieved from the payment of the m iney due for the erection of a poor house in that union. Mr. HUM E presented a petition praying that no further prosecutions might be instituted against i ersons for blasphemy. fhe petitioners stated it as their opinion that truth did not re quire the interrentien of laws for its vindication. RAILWAYS. Sir G. CLERK pre tinted certain papers from the Railway Department of the AnArd or Trade. NOTICES OF MOTION. Mr. SHELL gave notice that he should, on Tuesday next, bring forward the motion of which he had given notice on Tuesday last, on the subject of the opening of letters of foreign ers at the Post 2 ofEce. Mr. S. CRAWFORD pave notice that. if the Govern ment did nOt propose any measure for the amendment of the law of landlord and tenant in Ireland, he should himself, after Easter, move for, leave to bring in a Bill to enable the t e n an t, if ejected. to recover compensation from his 'landlord for any improvement he might have mad' upon the land, and also to amend the laws regulating the value of property in Ireland. Mr. WYSE gave notice that, after Easter, he should renew the motion which he had made last session on the subject of national education. Mr. WARD postponed his motion in reference to burdens on lanai until after Easter. In reply to a question from Mr. BELLE W, Sir R. PEEL said he would, on Monday next, state in what order the !fish measures would be brought for Ward after Easter. Mr. DUNCOMBE wished to put . two vestions to the Right Hon. Gentlemaa theThancellor of the Exchequer ; one, whether he tbonght it! right that annuities paying the legacy duty should ba stkect to the income-tax; the'other referred to the subject which he mentioned last night, in reference to the books of :he Bank of England. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said the law imposed a tax on all leateies, whether paid in gross or in annual incomes; and there was no provision for exempting. them from the income-tu. With respect to the Bank books, the answer which he gave yesterday from general recollection was perfectly correct. He held in his hand the answer of the Bank clerk on the subject, and he would read t as the most satifactory method of answering the question. The Right Hon. Gentleman then read the letter, stating that the books were not referred to by any other person but himself and the other two clerks of the Bank of England. No other person was emphyed in the room. He and the other two clerks had been upwards of thirty years in the service Of the Bank of England. Lord MAHON wished to renew a question on the subject of the Portland vase in the British Muaeum. The Right Hon. Baronet must be aware that there was" no adequate legal penalty' fur the offence, and that the offender punished, not for breaking the vase itself, but the glass case which hap pened to cover it. When he put a nearly similar question on a previous occasion, he was told by the Right Hon. Gentleman that a meeting of the trustees was about being holden on the subject. That meeting having been held, ho wished to inquire whether it was the intention of the Government to introduce a measure on the subject? Sir R. PEEL begged to state that the trustees had considered the subject, and the Government Mao, and it was the opinion of both parties that the law in its pre sent state, as regarded the destruction of works of art, was ineffectual—that no sufficient protection existed for the preservation of works of art against malicious darnage. The Government, therefore, had resolved upon intro ducing a Bill on this subject, and his Learned Friend the Solicitor-General had a Bill prepared which would be introduced at an early period. He wished now to correct a mistatement of a portion of his speech in the newspapers. Indeed, he felt surprised the reporters' were so correct. In the debate on the New Zealand question he was represented as having said that the Go vernment had received information of the arrival of in convertible debentures by Lord Fitzroy, and that his Noble Friend, Lord Stanley, had signified his disap proval of ioeonvertible debentures. The Colonial De partment had received no official notice whatever on, the subject. He sail that convertible debentures had been issued, and that his Noble Friend, Lord Stanley, had taken the earliest opportunity of stating that he did not approve of them. Mr. COLLETT wished to know whether the Chan cellor of the Exchequer meant to exempt holders of Thice per cent. Consols, on which payment would be made on the sth of July next, from the income-tax ?. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said he did not know any reason wily those persons should be exempted frotr4the tax while it was in operation. POOR-LAWS (IRELAND). Mr. F. FRENCH said he wished to know from the Right Hon. Gentleman opposite when the House would be put in po session of the decision come to by her Ma jesty's Government, with regard to the motley spent by Mr. Mr. Nicholls over and above the original estimate for poor-houses? The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said that the papers on the subject would be laid on the table in a day or two. A G RICULTUR AL DISTRESS. Mr. COI3DEN said that, in rising to bring forward hi s nv,tiou on the s ubje c t o f agricultural distress, he was relieved ft-rn the necessity of apologising to the other side of the House, for h.. , had put a notice on the book so long ago, that it could not be said it came from a. suspicious quarter, and he hid so arranged the terms of his motion. as to embrace both the amendments which had been made to it, so that he did not think those Hon. Gentlemen who gave notice of those amendments would press them. The object of his motion was to appoint a Select Committee to inquire into agricultural distress, and how far- the present laws with re„ and to the importation of agricultural produce affected the agrieultuital labourers. And, with regard to that distress, he could not have higher authority than those Hon. Gentlemen who professed to be the !Hen& of farmers and protection.—(Bear, hear.) And it was ad mitted by them that there was great distress amongst the agricultural labourers. One Gentleman, Mr. Hud son, stated that, in Norfolk, the farmers paid their rents from their capital and not from their profits ; and Mr. Turner, of Devonshire, stated that the distress of the _ that it WAS high time to try - other sa iltel o t : l4 if co me tern could not•be devised. He contended thsts, in cora would 1 - ,e more advantageous to the a:ell ° ,,si ° a ft t tt t °' ll .4 ll l r e t i : t 2 l lv i l the agricultural labourer`; nay, more be/ 10 '01 1nent,..... ( than , 0 any other class of the community di s as the so sistent was it in the Right Hon. Barolift tol i O di l.. cattle wi,ich sold at Smithfield at a nota' ac ts erii, oc casions refuse to admit the food with which they, w e e oro ,se i l lebourers He (Nfie Cobden) said, give a free ti ale i n that.,o can m alas csttle fat at home. He coutentle „o at „, It had I protestive system farmers throneout the e' t 9 t he i g the condi rendered snore ignorant. of their own intere' it ili by „y or other class. Let the House censider tbe t ierj the far Baronet's policy. Take the article of c lover f' ne; charge, r el l e tsl• , There was now a higher duty upoa it. aa, t) ,, t?; the oath tiee were benefited by the pr oection 0 1 `"s e ve o ltie itt lti ter land imparted clover from England. Jle °,,‘,„ O A P Lord Hat to Say that not ten counties in England w e i a te l its denharn, in the importation of clover. Certai•nly. Ire:a ti of" they d on Take the article of bans--in the richdistr'!,o of ktdress • they grew wheat and turnips. The c ulties i t d ot _ that you ) was very limited. In Wiltshire they COu goo the props beans enough for their own. constraption'• f e e. i t4 _ the ju, 'counties were exporters of beans?--ye r) : a ilt ards, the many would be benefited by the unre str ' ' ''.o too Itt , 'Wit be Lion of them? Even where they were gr c a ' st ge t , l andlords quanities, and on. strong soils, they ae,„ re p t ao, 4 ". l A a lute poi exportation in one case out of ten. 4 7',. bOr "NM th farmers grew beans—not. for sale, but se tter Reit that the c sumption—and, therefore, it did not In tl i betir ti s c ultural what the money price was. Take ne %t on ci s,' I tt tower oats. HON many farmers calculated O le o' I, 7 woul, a means of paying their r ente-a fed, '''arkshire nificant number. T ien hey grew oats rent--`o Ora t tr he S et t,' harsee, and for domestic consuelPc s 't 0 1 ,F ° , y well, i regarded the article of hops grown is P' e r s o Ill' ' llnnouth Wereestt , rehire. Was it worth while to tax DO m ake im p the m c ti the benefit of the few ? Then as to cheese' o n • money, h not one fermi rin ten who manufactured his ora tt, • t'o•' —(He Cheese was manufactured in Che-hire, G i° d f",; f utlds. T Wilshire, and partially its Derby hire c e P ieing' g, r 'at su shire. Were these cheese manufacturers "Or 0 . b k tatier ; at P dure the duty upon oats, in order to ha t Y b e e d 14 / l e " sun as. protected ? Ile thought not. They . 'l' s pet' would b e , their cattle, and have oats d._,ty free." ( e 5 of • u'ould ben 'rake the whole district of \Vales, the De w ge o the proe shire and SusseX, the Cheviot Hills where the flock masters were, and tahnecitYhte‘b")elleP.ticir:t:ec:l':,' 111 , , , T : h i nere n °Y .. 0t .:_ :1 all exclait, ," We are not benefited by Ya ltr bee,' "'as se . en r What they wanted was provender of best kind, which they purtition ~f the article. - Thus they. "'m il i i . Il h et e ntPloy ; o a ri cool i only have Vibe PC . k year at to fatten the r cattle and fertilis- , their 1 ° 0 0: ' the p ro o tners in 11- rtsealstere swift Sussex. who a re ll tree i O , the 6, 4 1 1 ) 0 farmers, weie deepl - y interested in havinelf ob j e ct , the eermr.„l anon off ood for their cattle. Their ch ic , oar tt i l 'Ai• eu neeived fertilise the lend, which, under the pres( 4l ;4 3 lP t ;.; c r "l4ition emit(' not lit). Ile had ctinversetl.vvith 5 e ,,, 0 ,, e tie' ', lrt aor, a refiners in various parts of En:sleet ], - '" e r frr l e n i: 1 "lit wat t, tirely coincided with his on the subje ct -ip 1C Id r t ,?tllet.'s p A 'air. Nathaniel flatherton, a fernier, 'b e ee'',, „ do that p . assured him that, tenon 400 acres of I , 93l „" o 4 t '', e ist res.. " r s ' crease his profits to the ameunr of 290 e. r e a l iter mi ale other rent as et present, provided there was 3 ' , . c ,,,,,fil ";,,a, *e re rewa of foreign grain of all kinds, Ile ' t is 'Fag itiUreealui et:Jailers I,f eats at 155., or the same ania l the 101,1 - f oft soi peas at. 14e. or 15s. a sack, to be fed a n e aaille llo ~°‘ ‘lsinee the yard, by which he would grew see d s : siis Se el quarters of wheat and 230 quitrters tar ca err ;'„ 1 . 1 % Miln increased profit of 3001. upon his sheep a dido ss o e 'tt was r plan embraced the empleyenent of an g' d m , re P ro t est. rt. qua of 1,0004. and he would pay 150/. a Yea r ee - gl ' e s t ; r ee r a ti s l wiedge Another, fermer, Mr Lattimore,am"w" ~ : o y ; 0 ti-aide r •ho eteed as high in public estimation 7 1 " 25 0 ° if q• t r /ing pr i Hertfordshire, said that last year he Pa l e - o eSe g i 'es I kulty hanced price on beans and oats, s i n o C ,e o r :l e l se jt on t i oi ' r e; c 10 , , , t o ; It hl ie r t uttrrohi ' o: restrictions. In short, the firmer a free trade in corn as the members 0 1 r oes . , i of , Paes ite , law League themselves. He could erra ta f e o f 1. 7 4 1 retione e 0 „ -a.y of farmers who were as much in ftv e y e ° „%ari/ 5 ,. ° 0 4. f ; ' ) 1 te'' soul principles as he (Mr. Cobden) was• ra e ue it' o er.,,, , - an lim deed farmers were subscribers to the Perr to henoirof he Th Th . prising some of the most intelligent, met; g ro the se, 4' to u. the kingdom. Last year he paid a vis tt f ro sets' l e 'l e "altar a! and had iaterviews with twenteetwo ! ro e W,, 01 ,l A whom paid more than 1,000/. a Yea r t seill l e ',d to t 44 'Provo two or three days there, and never 113 ; o leer, t o , st d kttut-far t more intelligent people. They were s' 100,111 to the strferions. They said, "Let us h a r or c 9 o rl , t 0 e l :etion , i Egyptian beans and Polish oats to fe 6 . 11 t he : e ' e i°,4# th 4l Pass, then we cats compete with any country l id , ccs; e s ia (I tenant. was the greatest absurdity to deal vi , o ffee& it eh,' )( -14 elite way they at present did. They sent - t o br.-06 , ,,r le - 1 7 .8 )—b to the Ca?e of Good Hope, in orde r s eate r a o'4 l ' vil;: stl aeltir again under the law ; but it was not a g oil, lisp 0 k ,. ;11. n o , than to send ships to Ichaboe for guan°' ar° , 0 ` 1 1" 1 110r* s ta l ail e ill AI HY t eluded the Indian corn, Egyptian bean 'od I t be' eg ls e s i tl ciatiot which would be productive of a 00° 611 1 f /pOP: 00 I the ." we re benefit.—(Loud cries of " Hear, he i at ' r eth 00 1 04 ( iitli, en at Corn-law League had been repro:le/jet o f el l in, o d ,Zltg i nto a. system which would throw land ° a s ,' ( 101 . 0 , t ic o e,i at. l ittar.) but his ( pinion was, that, so - far fro no t l e „,:10"fie chit Plougl would make poor land productive. 13 0 the, tV o e• t oi `Urist, a that' they desired to draw labourers ft,n boo r I t Ol e o° e tt rt g to i; f the soil, in order to obtain c heaper 14 _ ct 0 0 _4 i,‘ ,o lo t aep r „ tories. • Let the landlord and fartner,_erP 0 01` 1 , 0 1, 0 ,,d 4;I Y. And principle as the manufacturers, and isle de!, be ll ( IV ltin t ro ' Plou idle hands in the rural districts. A g re hat b ore !' tO till Jest at said about disturbing the revenue, 40 15%01 0 0 Arley sate that neither the revenue nor the : c ri t ic(' r th!, e t :l' r r Uses( country would be permanently , to , claspteeti, is st i 4 etners corn laws %s ere abolished. It eras P rt ,:s e escli „, o ,eit t die, era condition of the labourers eeuld n0t ,13 " - t nit' ' Or 1 4 " 1 4 c h of t a Men with wages of 7s. a week hail na tti sers 'ries( ref th kilorl s a It was further stated that the manu f4e ,,, r ieel te s o/, ea„ et u h do e , most anxious for the aelfare of the ,! t c ' t treg f f oo rfr eq te - ju of a cause the home cc nsumption of me nu s its ° ter!', fa i -c tY of ' ' • sere- e l 0. • rr the bast. Ile admitted that the la de gt , t ee 1 ,1 . t ee 'llk A, ture and agriculture were in a gre at to she up elf, la ce to ad, and because he was anxious to pra se ' n II 0F,4 , . 1 / 4 0 of it 11 , ,th he wished a free trade in c ;., thei nu fe ttl as ° 7 e tt eers a pauperized rural district—for pear c the res"„e ler th e a l'resie, muse ba on 7s. a week, purchase fro: l fac tors .es e ti fl 4 County Why, they had exported more of In „lived i:c' -Iv ~,This i ) nee year than had be n e°ll.-„-„lturltele°'ese ifs, es pale Bt Year, by the whole of the 301 ,T t - i . le " P ' v er ,e , c .'l4 l . ` ll d_. ,in I lie did net belieee that thro"g h t she e „ ;t 'il t 11 :1 1 "1 A„"ght ir land awl %Vales, if they might tee curd ta ke leav this leer few years, that any laboureT evt ored ° f l atl e t 's' 0 ", 1 - " t ' farm tint the agricultural districts ni -nu ''` IIi• Or er ~.. - a 11. he ,r 5 1 0 te- (,;,; rata of more than Gs. 6d. Per °a u or if pi-, , 1, alas which he had seen, the agricultoralara bef r o ,Iv er, tplot *e s e einin t consume more than a million an t i o n " e , fl o e, , 6 ,_ a. h,,,,g and if they referred to the con ev e oc er s g t ee . t or e 'lli at, articles, they would find that, on at' a fter, „cre so l 11, :te i . • n r cultural labourer consumed ra ise ti,l . , sin ean a yte j ec t s ell ° * Nea l , , f 15s. the year ; and that if the who , were , s oe ti re f tl ; 144 the . 11 1; calculated of those articles Whlc l o , e ntr)',3, il, ) , D e rovj 1,,,! 11 .5pj aN ' excise duties consumed by the Pr s a e s veaa, teresv o tOtal t„,,it would not be more than 700,0 g 0 c O n i try "t a n a b i e te : i 10: 1 : 0 ;1 0 latil at ei 4 r i unhesitatingly assert, if there sver e o f og e ,rtO ve r tZ t. b o . t.n.( ' of the presans. 'system, the have nothing to risk by the oba age 'es••/O u r e i ' t 'ir '01: h t heT tl il i th he, that there was nothing to rise i ylie , 00 , the last session there had been g re ' e epe tit' Is ttc • i t e ° el ii,; ct s 'l' c(• re t a les. that much was to be feared from r , we- c , 0 , 1 0 ,,,, 4-41 of believed that, after his statelnen s de t es dea r oc, ti v, fta a t/ ail the assertions which had heer a l s te s ppre lt t iell ti t slill I,, tt u ; l r outt fear would go for nothing. It w eur rta r ia? e .ht‘ et tie. (l - - the ports were opened for the free tot o 0t Jo l ene , o , , ti , u u r p a that corn itself would he procuredd be t hel e l l st il l t o oce t toga We w But this session, he believed, wi 9111 , 1. if t'l •ost efl eo ll ol 11 1.44 ' I) e such a feeling would be entertaineu 0 it, to t , iit y so , 4 , l ke retl Y were imposed upen a quarter of e c° o l. tr ' Y ° suc h its/‘,lito trie‘ /t t,the l the price to the people of this e A t ha t if ito • ge th o ay a l e Wei g h t But it was not to be suPP° leu d, or 3 .. r iv °ill b ie er l ! hop pi B { only shillings were to be redile f e acr e , s isn A ret hO loc l o r: L:,,,, it h itat d i, i off, that the price of corn Would II ..es , 0 IV extent of that reduction. The 01 3 0 iie t ir' lire he dot corn introduced into this eon .0 of ; 1/ rot of e n th 41 that .character.—(flear.) The chief P 35 n oth l a itio ll o ,l o l3 D ri , he w Danteic, and the price at Dant zic ` 4 the O P of e l se . o f titi,, t etton ° a nerrinal price—a price ruled hi, e p rie! oc e seo 4ft an , • B a t to• , , ri ce , ,,tlik o b i P k , en cumstances in this country. re al 1' . r ell' r- o ff 01 1' r lll -4 of introduced into this country was a to t he el iye ig et 4 ,0 4 4 1, as ti ask the Hon. Gentleman to refer use ii , Oil iti th .fit y,o o . tint '1833. During July and Mg d tia rVe s c erfl!, l s ei t i ,4 (l c ior tw a there appeared a prospect of a hn eeest oe I.', so as il, e , li tl lea tee ,. try, wheat, before that knowledge nti )ce ouc it o t 4 ei , pr , , : e i 44 14 413 :it; little more than 20s. ; while to eou rstrY bio tih ic o,l o ' c o, by !Ile po knowledge became a fact, and t it h e e o_ rlY th d e ` i i r e as u f o ° o l. li 'e .t r, l 7 ; , 1 4i ik b e ' II I large suplies, wheat rose to And, if Hen. Gentlemen would t ' e rliree fit r eag e iisii t 141 4 , 14 the, would recollect that during the „ ao teie i i t orit io nt t '/ N t (l lilt& 1339 -40-41, the price of wheat a,,t_ e o grie t , he ae i bel' i r ;/ °t ts ry of —(flear, hear) The leaders ot L t u take of le (Verdi °fer Os, m tl ate e , I did not allow their tenantry to pa to t hisd esir 0 1)e iali tt le . Thi which they seemed so assid.uousi);.os o f efa s a I f , 'th N lrlti, (Hear, hear.) As an exemplifi ca f t o e , Ila c h ;•oo l ,ye e ot it ,!ir e ath he would refer to the conduct 0 the c ep t -, o f 0 ti : lo3 , wt was v eto . ...,r , ~0 , Shoreham (Sir C. Burrell atlas, p o pro ti er io , es es. 143.41)4.4 National Flax and Agrini iv a nd the \ii, he vi He (Mr. Cobden) held in his ha a , on :„ o f t oi llt,eo tr ) , 1 1 1 tlb, >pa , . to- t o Wo o jte ' state of the flax agricultural p( , e d iges r d chi .4 v %18 0 be surprised if, after the cowrie , , vents gr! bs i v th .n e atri the IsfulistrY r 4i 1, a :vents in that report, ,ar, hea lie 110 00 0 , 1 ,0/ ‘,lO-i tx) longer about protection.—(l.lL-_ 0 ,0. s the •Ce l al ° 4 ti_ th e paid a visit to Sussex some tune inion , o i t .e ofe d to , it g ,,1411. opportunity of hearing the a l' . eloe"P:osgli'ose lit' l ike t tnt ronct the Member for Shoreham. _ nc the , 5 01 1 .. p1e, ,f It Iv b e , e felt a great interest in Sus a se u x t . a aoritY o f OS t ' s kti o ll % tir e the opportunity of citing d t ee .0 fe (er r 4', Na ee" li tionable character. He bee ti e h sti ° ,4 Ititt Wh o , ronct would forgive him ----,i,___if ii e ir eie Ait er . ;,,,p 4 ,' h N th eir that he would . forgive I ' n 'u . d i o rieree e erliis Fee f 1 11,, nu ! the circumstances of a cereal to g ti` o f ' to ts, t ti tqte,, b( pointed eleb o 0 0 0 tI 01 ,ol ,es I pointed for the purpose of t a be 115 , f ;l t t he g r ai eS oio t o i r .4i et , tlki `vul 4 4 km._ of this association, t in h g e , d t a h y e , ll . onu.ccßeesrsotn:ttird giv en '`• e oil ter its • 11l t •lt ti -0 fi,x-grOvvlll7l r qo o f 0, , it'd - " . 1 1 . t .." Pr the &e V- ct. 0 ,40 f t ; if , I N c lai country." Now, what was value as e Gi t y s , i d, D ot 1, l't ht.f ill was precisely of the same _ es ,e s , el d ut y' tt of a ; ,a 4. Nee. • las e ' tr . ' f lb' ' ter t ult on a quarter_ of wheat they wee as a veil 0 13 4 11, 4 11,, '''' on a cwt.. of .flax the,; t a zha ,, ,,,,, „,,, i, ,, ,, ,, , , , , , ,, ,, .., , ,, , „ 4t :N tlkilli., , ,h t% might perhaps say, was necessary some ro pos w a broa ba se e gl i di t t o 'ies kii 4 l t t be.cause .it c •fr 3 n efiril toil) tee 1 ii e . 1 t " whole •of • the or o we fr e t {ro es _ o de o.i te e , 'lee was ronsumed in the country:, reeeie4o p loco,: titiltrwit, well . as the wheat which or i . s he 1 1 6 0; 4 0 11$,, hq i i 4 tin the noel a l •ice ' lA' ori .ee' 1) 4 , • Ni t Now, according to n ,„., b e to f l o ra t y A at us. • , r titi, ) -at protection on- flour oligl__ . * t b,t Of 41 , 3 ( 11 , 1 43 „' 0 , 4 0 i o el.!. to 4. wheat: - ,He ocpected to 7 .. ` , res ter e. b i le / 1 7,4,V 011 4 ,) .. b :N,,tili turned agitat o r, in. Order to t° se, the 1,0, Y be t e 414 the Yet what was his stapler stated, vil e the "ifes r s 'iolg, 0 • hot- the t after, and that pesitive . 04 . tha ~,,L legs iv. i tt ' 'lt rte as sert' I , r 0. , 0 i f; i. of a l ts circumlocutiem in the . to g ro . t oc t rc e 0, , • sky t had forbidder: his tenantry _ o s pre) 131 1 40 t ore", s ~ ~, , He was awarti that there vi''. . ur icale' be w o Ctl ti or o t Pe ele ) , e ,flax was IN .„dieesa t the 10 ef s l ' " , c. 1 / 4 ) o c' r t h r i e s i tle ce g v r e o r w i t m h itc os ii " ii e ke ottie_rbe pr i e i t e e s , e d ,: t o b tl e o f tll l e o b , e e s o f it s it. o oo ‘. i te h „ ti l lle l a .t i l l but little foundation; and I le e ondn' is er l isr A 'steh I st .: ve she 'eol i ths Ile ( ve , 1 4 tl e it' would ten - a to auepro the e grt t 0 se, r I , e the present time ? 1 -1 ,an f 1 tin. • lhiej an What was the conditio: oft ei s iele d Ib t li ottf t oo l) ,L i .0 ,11 01 ,1 0 , t 11.4 .. 1. 7 , ~,e eB-, • 0 0• if 0 o p, I labourer was- in less 4iSt r --11 C i fo r 0 1 0 1 I t oe l'le had arisen solely from ®lam' t V rt i _Lq ti stli 'e 1 1 ,C'e 4 s' b 'that in the manufacturing with t ee pi s ' v orW ti gll c e l II Ute c al a e • ot 41 aide rule that wages varied. w .'e t e f the slie,aj l' t when food was low the pOSItIOUfind , Wt. of' , g 1% S ( 1 , 1 proved ; and he reioiced .ta,, e teed be 4 41; 1( _sei 104 guru was in a 15004. 411/ - w --' . I~' 0