The Sun. — London, England, 1836-12-02 00:00:00

1 GREAT REFORM MEETING AT NORTHAMPTON. (From our own Correspondent.) On Wednesday evening last, Raikes Currie, Esq., the - banker, attended a meeting of the Reform Electors of the borough, held at the Saracen's Head Inn, to explain his political sentiments. The room, which would contain about :seven or eight hundred persons, was densely crowded in every part, and the proceedings excited the deepest in terest, as it is anticipated that Mr. Currie will take the place, at any future election, now occupied by Mr. Charles Ross. The tweeting was highly gratified with Mr. Currie's speech, a report of which I transmit. Mr. Gnu Knv, an ironfoundcrin a very extensive business, and a men iber of the Town Council, having been called to the chair, briefly explained the objects of the meeting. Mr. Cu AMU then rose, and was received with the most unbounded applause.—lt gives me sincere pleasure to meet so large art assemblage of the operative classes. I have long endeavoured to acquaint myself with their position and their opinions. I have ever found them sincere seekers of the trtuth, and, as a body, beyond all comparison the most honest pol iticians. They have suffered much from pretended friends, as id they regard all professions with very justifiable suspicion ; but let them be once convinced that a man sin cerely avid honestly devotes himself to their welfare, and I believ a there are no limits to their generous confidence. To oppose or to promote Reform, is an alternative in which y.C.O have a deep, urgent, personal interest.—(Great cheering ;.) I proceed, as plainly as I am able, to state to you my political opinions. I never could understand the err which has been raised against pledges from a candid ate .—(Hear.) The connection between the repre sentative and the represented can, according to my judg ment, on:ly legitimately arise out of the coincidence of his opinions with theirs, and unless a candidate be prepared to state his, in a precise and intelligible manner, how can the electors be assured that they agree with him ? (Hear, lacer.) General professions, however plausible, are by no n scans sufficient, because a man may reason incor rectly od . dishonestly from premises which he has not the assuram:e openly to controvert. Every one whose judg ment is :sufficiently matured to aspire with any propriety to a seat in Ps trliament, must have decided onsthe leading points in politic s—he cannot bind himself to details, which evidently depend on deliberation and expediency ; but if he will declas .e the principles on which he acts, and then show the conclusions to which they lead him, in their practical applicatio n to various specific measures, he does all that a thinking .constituency will ask, and not more than his own conscience should require.—(Cheers.) I will not shrink from any ridicule which attaches to a hacknied phrase, but avow tha " the greatest happiness of the greatest number" is the gu'iding principle which I adopt.—(Renewed cheering.) I embrace it in single-minded sincerity, with all its conse quences, as id with no mental reservation. That portion of our countrymc an who style themselves " Conservatives" assume, I know not by what prescriptive right, the guardianship of the Britisl I Constitution. I may be doubted whether, if to this watchword they affix any very definite idea. What is the Britiih Constitution ? A perfectly modified aggregate of institutions.—(Hear, hear.) If we cease to ascribe to it an organization inconceivable and contradictory—to talk of compound forces which never can be compounded, and call that a balance of power which leaned all one way— (Laughter)—we may well admire that wonderful elasticity in this aggregate of institutions, which admits their peace ful adoration to the changes inherent in all human affairs, which allows them to be modified without danger, and re paired without deformity.—(Cheers and laughter.) What was the " Constitution," from the Revolution of 1688 down to the pstssing of the Reform Bill, but an Aristocracy, mi tigated indeed by public opinion, as public opinion forced its way thro ugh the rents laid open by the reckless ambi tion of the two contending factions ? But we have fallen on better ti mes. By the Reform Bill, power has substan tially passe d from an oligarchy to the people.—(Cheering.) The mach i n er y for working out good government is in your possessiost ; it may require simplification and adjustment in its deitails to make it act with greater force or more complet e precision ; but if you know how to use it to your own re al good, that good is in your power—(Cheers)—the representative system, no longer a shadow but a substance, is the lever which can move a world.—(Continued cheers.) I advocate vote by ballot.—(lmmense cheering.) The State is clearly bound to protect every man in the honest exercise of that trust which the State has reposed in him.— (Cheers..) Thousands of electors vote against their con sciences. from fear of suffering in their worldly interests— others offering a noble example of stern integrity, unin fluencsal and undismayed, record an honest vote, and are subje(sted to pecuniary loss, persecution, and insult.— (" rue ! true !") I could accumulate arguments in favour of the ballot—one perhaps equally cogent, is the Immo di: ste diminution, and the ultimate extinction, of bribery uitich it would accomplish.—(Hear, and cheers.) But, resting the question on the ground of protection only, I deny the right of the Legislature to refuse it.—(Cheers.) 1t is a measure which I will advocate earnestly and unre mittingly.—(Chsiers.) I will vote for the repeal of the Septennial Act and the consequent return to triennial Par liaments.--(Great approbation.) I will vote for the imme diate extension of the suffrage to all householders.— (asters.) The Reform Bill gave independence to the Rouse of Commons, and thereby destroyed its sympathy with the existing House of Lords. It produced two hos tile assemblies—(Hear, hear)—one of which must be prac tically subordinate to the other. If the House of Lords 'would recognise the nature of that change which has come upon them—if they would yield with dignified reluctance to the recorded wishes of the people—we would treat their prejudices with tenderness, and their admonitions with respect.—(Cheers an d l aug ht e r.) But, I fear, they have decided otherwise ; and, under the guidance of a leader, - whose '' ()Teat talents and fascinating manner, only mak e hi m doubly dangerous, have ostentatiously arrayed themselves against the House of Commons. We will not suffer le gislation to be brought to a dead lock—(Cheers)---w e will mot endure that our Represesstatives should be systemati cally thwarted by an irresponsible assembly. — (Cheers.) I pass on to some of those results which righteous legisla tion may obtai n for us. I advocate the freedom of com merce, and, more especially the abrogation of the existing Coro laws. —(Tremendous cheering.) This is a subject in which von have such a deep and vital interest, and which I know that you have so long considered, that I need not say one word on the impolicy and injustice of the existing SYstem. Cheap publications, which demolish the fallacies 'broached on this matter, and bring it home to the under standing of all, are in general circulation, and we ought to . disseminate them by every means in our power.—(Hear, hear.) Accidental circumstances have rendered the corn laws partially inoperative since the passing of the Reform or I believe it could not have been maintained ; but you. cannot be debarred much longer from freely exchanging your industry for food.—(Cheers.) You cannot much longer be forbidden to buy your bread at the best and cheapest market. A system so monstrous could only have been con cocted in an assembly of sworn landowners—(Cheers) —a pregnant hint this, by the bye, on the effect of property qua lification.—(Cheers.) I advocate effective Church Reform. (Hear.) Every one who comes forward in this cause must lay his account with especial misrepresentation and calumny. - -(Hear, hear.) I shrink not from them—(Cheers)—nei ther will I shrink, as a humble believer in the Divine Foun der of our faith, from avowing myself to be a Christian. I entirely recognise the right of the State to deal with the Church as with any other public property.—(Great approbation.) I cannot attempt to alienate her revenues Us England from strictly religious uses, but I do earnestly advocate their re-distribution on the principle of supplying the most effecti ve re li g i ous teac hi ng to the greatest number of the people, and remunerating a working clergy in pro- Portion to their services and merits.—(Cheers.) The Es tablished Church of Ireland I separate altogether from this View o f the question.--(Continued cheering.) It is founded in injustice, and maintained by blood.—(Tremendous cheer -4'o Let the State deal with it accordingly, provide from its revenues for the religious teaching of existing Protestants, and apply the surplus in any way most fitted to improve the condition of the unhappy Irish people.— (Bravo ! and cheers.) I advocate the abolition of Church tates—(Hear, and cheers.) I consider their continuance discreditable to the members of an endowed Church ; (Cheers.) I advocate such reforms in the laws of our Country as tend to make justice cheap, speedy, and effec tual.—(Great cheering.) I have now glanced at some of ,those results whi c h goo d l eg i s lation may obtain for us. I have not said one word on party politics, for I am not a Party man.—(Applause.) I should heartily support Lord kelbourne's Government as against the Tories, whether C onservatives or Conformers.—(Continued cheering.) I should endeavour to urge them forward in the path of effec tive Reform. I should earnestly deprecate the curtailment 1 3 r abandonment of just and necessary measures in the vain h "Pe of conciliating the implacable enemies of all real im- Provement.—(Tremendous cheering.) If Lord Melbourne " rise to the height of his great argument"—if, as my e xcelle n t f r i en d, Mr. B. Portman, has well expressed it, he ki ll "enlarge his views"—if, as a northern Reformer quaintly Phrases it, " he will shake another reef out of his topsails," the flowing tide of public approbation and sympathy will (Loud him onward with a swell majestic and i rrests t a bl e .— sssoud cheers.) But if it be ordered otherwise, if he Zanot or will not comprehend his mission, indi v id ua ll y I all much regret it ; b u t, in truth, it matters littl e — great u ,,.easions, if they do not find, create great men.—(Ch eers .) t e people will range themselves under the leade rs , an d Ren, to p aro dy a f amous say i ng , the Whigs pe r i s h, t h e eform Bill is eternal !—(Cheers and laughter.) I have 2w end eavoure d t o set b e f ore you m y political opi n i ons , e grou n d s on w hi c h th ey rest , an d th e s pirit in whi c h I 0 tonuld endeavour to apply them. I ask you, are they con y ant 'with truth and reason ? If carried forward into prac 'eel have they a tendency to lessen vice and misery —to increase happiness and virtue ? If so, believe me, you have a duty to perform.--(Cheers.) These objects are attain able, but attainable only in one way, by the enlightened, earnest, persevering efforts of a united people. You must consider your individual votes a sacred trust, to be used for the benefit of yourselves, your families, the class to which you belong, the whole body of your fellow-countrymen.-- (Cheers.) Cheap government, self-government, good go vernment, equal laws, uofettered industry, are prizes well worth a struggle.--(Applause.) Will you for any tempo rary gain, for any money bribe, for any petty personal ad vantage, from the abject fear of losing a little custom, or incurring a few frowns, vote against your consciences ; forfeit for ever that inward self-respect which waits on the discharge of duty—(cheers)--and feel that you have lied to your country ? I will not believe it.—(Loud cries of " Hear, hear,.' and cheers') Your town has been taunted as venal and corrupt. "Oh !" said some of my friends to me, when they heard I was coming here, " don't go down there, they will sell themselves to the highest bidder."—(oh, oh, and laughter.) I would not believe it.—(Great cheering.) Northampton has indeed been the scene of the basest bribery. You can redeem its character—(Cheers, and cries of " We will")—rescue it from these damning imputations —(Cheers)—act in concert with those noble-minded men, who in England, Scotland, and Ireland are preparing honestly and fearlessly to exercise the elective franchise.-- (Applause.) The enemies of good government are m an y and pow e rf u l ; th e i r name i s " Legion ;" they are fighting for existence as law-makers and tax-eaters throughout the country--(Hear)--they will not be conquered w ith out a struggle, but the next struggle is a " settler."—(Tre mendous cheering.) Let every one who hears me feel that the issue depends on his individual vote. Combine--co operate—band yourselves together—rouse the sluggish, con vince the doubtingt cheer the timid—and with that peace and order which belong to conscious strength, prepare for battle as men who are resolved on victory.—(The Hon. Gentleman then sat down amidst the most enthusiastic ap plause and waving of hats, &c., which lasted for several minutes. He shortly after left the room.) Resolutions were afterwards moved by the Rev. Messrs. Meeke and J. Bennett, Mr. Lee, Mr. Edens, &c. &c., and a requisition agreed to. The requisition is now in course of signature ; and it is believed by all who know anything of the political sentiments of the voters of this Borough that Mr. Vernon Smith and Mr. Raikes Currie will be both returned by triumphant majorities. The Tories are awfully downcast since losing the majority in the Council. THE SUE, LONDON, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1836. SHIPPING.-(THIS DAY.) (FROM LLOYD'S.) DEAL, Duc. I.—Wind W. Eight o'Clock.—Wind W., moderate, fine night.—Arrived the William Inglis, Teller, from Sydney ; John M'Lellan, M'Donald, from Bombay ; Three Sisters, Amy, from Bahia; Dart, Ormston, from Ma deira; Elizabeth, Batty, from Limerick ; and Alonzo, Hick, from Galway. Came down from the river and remain the Little Catharine, Henderson, for Bahama ; Catherine, Rose, for Madras; Quebec, Hebard, for New York; Despatch, for Southampton ' • Herald, Robinson, for Belfast ; an d John Marshall, Curtis, for Wales. The Catharine ha s b een supplied with an anchor, and remains with the Little Catha rine. Scourfield, and several others. PORTSMOUTH, DEC. I.—Wind W. by N.—Arrived the Jane, Wilkinson. Passed by the Hawk, Johnston, from Lon don for Muscat. PLYMOUTII, DEC. I.—Wind W. S. W.—The City of Edin burgh, Baker, for Sydney, has been brought into Cutwater. FALMOUTH, Nov. 30. —Wind W. to N. W., moderate breezes.—Arrived the Edina, Read, from Bahia. Sailed his Majesty's ship Echo, for the West Indies. DOVER, DEC. I.—Arrived off port the Symmetry, Mack_ wood, from Ceylon; Leslie, Ramsay, from Demerara; Annutta, from Rotterdam for Liverpool, with damage, loss of bowsprit, sails, &c. ; and Industrie, Olsen, from Bordeaux for Hamburg, lost bowsprit, sails, &c. EASTBOURNE, DEC. I.—Arrived off port the Augustin, Moulden, from Batavia. BRISTOL, DEC. I.—Arrived tho Winduck, —, St. Übes. POOLE, Nov. 30.—Arrived the Jesse, Oldes, from New foundland. WEymouTn, Nov. 30.—Arrived the Gulf of Paris, Wells, from Lisbon. CARDIFF, Nov. 30.—Arrived the Ocean, Treewood, from Quebec. LIVERPOOL, Nov. 30.—Arrived the Berbice, Grayson, from Berbice; and Catherine Mitchell, Stewart, from Gibraltar. Off port the Reliance, Bowen, from Bombay ; and Nailer, Dawson, from Africa. SIIEFRNESS, Nov. 30.—The Ebenezer, of Rochester, sunk in the Salt Pan Reach, during the gale of yesterday. Crew saved. BIDEFORD, Nov. 30.—Wind N. W.—The Celia, Jamson, from Swansea to Newhaven, has been assisted in distress, and being leaky must discharge part of her cargo. Arrived off St. Ann's Head, the Town of Ross, from Quebec. Two vessels appear to have been lost (according to a letter from Deal) on the Brake yesterday, as the masts were out of the water. The I Fortrucndet, Jansen, from Gottenburg to Topsham, was towed into Portsmouth yesterday, dismasted waterlogged. The Camden, Ryan, from Sydney, N. S. W., to Sonrabaga, was totally lost on the 11th August, in the Straits of Mt eir& ,:,The Amelia, Matilda, is off Calabar, with considerable da mage, having been on shore. The Three Georveders, Kreft, from Dantzic to Antwerp, was stranded at Petten 24th ult.—crew saved. The Thomas and Susanna, from Jersey to Bicaham, is on shore near Lyme ; crew saved. The Halo, from Rouen to Sunderland, was driven on shore on the Hock of Holland, 25th inst. ; crew saved. The Johanna Catharina, Rcesend, from Hockryls to London, is stranded near Petten. The Active, Schrichborn, from Dantzic, is in Texel, with damage, and must discharge—bound to New York. The Cadiz, M'Kinlay, from Lisbon to Glasgow, was driven on shore at the Isle of Man on Sunday night—crew and greater part of cargo saved. The Justinian, from Riga, was on shore on the Sunk Spits yesterday. The Liddell, Hall, from Riga to London, was on shore on the Barba Sand yesterday. HANSONI'S PATENT SAFETY CABRIOLETS.—In a paragraph which found its way into the Chronicle of Wed nesday, certain statements are made with regard to these cabriolets which, on inquiry ; we find to be destitute of truth. It is stated, Ist, that two hundred cabriolets and omnibuses are now building for the metropolis by an association, and that eighteen will be ready this week ; 2d, that the height of Hansom's Patent Safety Cabriolet wheel is not calculated for the wear and tear of London, as their frequent breakage evinces, and that their weight destroys the horses ; 3d, that instances do occur " that one of these cabs goes out in the morning, and has not the success of a fare all day." We have the authority of a very respectable party, the manag ing director of the above Patent Safety Cabriolet Com pany, for stating that an association, in the strict sense of the word, for building two hundred cabriolets and omni buses for the metropolis does not exist ; but that several individuals have advertised to bring out on the lst of De cember four-wheeled cabs, that the number about to be brought out, instead of being eighteen, is actually only one. As for the breakages which are alleged to have oc curred to Hansom's cabriolets we have the same autho rity for stating that not a single fracture has happened to that part of the carriage which is new, and that the acci dents are such as all carriages are liable to. We are assured, too, that the breakages and accidents which have occurred to Hansom's cabs, and they have been subjected to all that can happen to carriages, amply prove that so long as the pas sengers keep their seats, they are under all circumstances, per fectly safe. As to the height of the wheel, every mechanic knows thatboth in wear and draught, high wheels have advan tage over low ones. With respect to the weight of Hansom's cabs destroying the horses, we are assured that this is ut terly untrue—that not a single horse belonging to these cabs has died from work—that they are all in better condi tion and worth more money than when they were first put into the cabs—and that the proprietors of the cabs have only lost one horse, which died of inflammation of the lungs. As to the cabs going out and " not having the success of a fare all day," this is se obviously absurd an assertion as scarcely to require contradiction. As, however, the state ment will necessarily find its way to other places where its falsehood may not be so obvious, and may have the effect of retarding the introduction of this vehicle into the large pro vincial towns, we have the same authority for stating that Hansom's safety cabs are fully and almost constantly em ployed, and that the drivers have always paid their money. —Abridged from the Morning Chronicle, from which Paper the offensive paragraph was inadvertently copied into The Sun of Tuesday. _ _ His Excellency, the French Ambassador, has just launched a new and splendid equipage. He will proceed again to Paris, on leave, early in the ensuing month, and return when the gaieties of the Carnival are over. Lyston House, in Lincolnshire, the magnificent residence of Sir John Hayford Thorold, has been closed since the marriage of Lady Thorold to Sir Charles Ogle, to the great regret of a fashionable circle in the neighbour.. hood of Grantham, who highly appreciated the delightful soirees her ladyship was in the habit of giving during the season. The Hon. Mr. Fullarton and Lady Georgiana, who are at present sojourning at Southampton, contemplate re visiting in a few days her Ladyship's noble relatives Lord and Lady Granville, at the British Embassy at Paris. The weather at Orkney has been most boisterous, and been productive of much injury to those remote isles of the sea. Many of the farmers in the south and north isles have only succeeded in getting one-half of their crop cut down, and what has been reaped and gathered in, is in a very bad state indeed. The most prevalent winds, from north to north-east, with a heavy fall of snow, and there seems to be no sign of changes ; in consequence of which all kinds of provisions are far above the usual standard price. —Ayr Observer. DUBLIN.-WEDNESDAY. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) " It is better, if possible, to reconcile our economy with our laws than to set them at variance."—Burke. The important question respecting the irregularity of the rebellion writs is not yet decided, though from what has oc curred in the Court of Exchequer these two days, the pub lic anticipate another blow against the policy of the Tithe system. The newspapers of this city will have informed you of the proceedings which took place yesterday, and of the favourable impression manifested by the Barons of the Exchequer towards Mr. O'Connell's motion. The Court was then, and is still, in a dilemma. The case was argued again this morning for some time by counsel in behalf of the plaintiff. Mr. O'Connell was present, but made no observation on what fell from his opponents ; nor indeed, was it necessary, for the Court seemed una nimous in denying that the position assumed for the plaintiff under Sir Edward Sugden's act was tenable. But they asked Mr. O'Connell, whether he was satisfied that an appearance should be entered for his client, without prejudice to his motion—which was, in effect, that he be liberated from prison forthwith ? The Learned Gentleman said he saw no objection to that course, but declined giving a definite assent or answer till to-morrow, when he should have considered the new points raised on the other side, and consulted with his colleagues, Messrs. Dickson and Pigott, on the subject. Thus the matter stands. In the meantime, professional men, and other intelligent persons who frequent the Hall of the Four Courts, are of opinion that no concession ought to be made by O'Connell, the Court being coerced, under the circumstances of this ' case, to quash the commission of rebellion immediately. Mr. Dickson says he will not surrender, but that his client must be liberated without bail or mainprize ! The reasons for O'Connell's hesitation are these :—The Court are un willing to accede to his motion, for fear of rendering a ground or precedent for invalidating decrees obtained on sequestration. And as this might be productive of exten sive mischief and alarm, they may feel themselves obliged to refuse the application, unaccompanied by conditions. The dilemnza in which the Court seems to be placed, and O'Connell's forbearance to push the matter as far as it seems to be in his power to do, are subjects of much commentary all day—some persons saying that the circumstance affords the strongest. evidence of the Liberator's love of order, and unwillingness to cause confusion of any kind in the institu tions of this country ; while others contend that his hesita tion, or rather his seeming submission to the suggestion of the Court, arises out of distrust in his case, and the appre hension of an adverse judgment on the point. The most prevalent opinion, however, is that he will to-morrow press his motion for an unconditional order, and that the Barons cannot refuse it. This view is very confidently urged, while I write, and should it turn out to be the correct one, the consequences will be most important. The nume rous cases in which Writs of Rebellion have been issued, will be so far abortive. The persecution must be arrested for a time ; and the tithe-owners, or more correctly the tithe-claimants, will be not only delayed in their suit, but mulcted with some costs which they can never recover. All this will tend to exhibit the impolicy of continuing the present tithe system, when the very machi nery of law and justice is found to be inoperative in sus taining it, even by having recourse to its most obsolete forms and processes. The subscribers to the Lay Association for recovery of this most onerous, anomalous, and obnoxious impost will begin to feel that all their efforts to support a tottering system must prove ineffectual, and that the sooner they sound a retreat, the better for the safety of their dis comfited forces. It is vain to struggle against the exigencies of the times in which we live. There are occasions of pub lic necessity so vast, so clear, so evident, that they supersede all laws, which, being made for the community, cannot resist the unequivocal demands of the majority of those for whose benefit they have received a sanction. No law can be sus tained against the original cause and reason of all law—that is, the happiness and tranquillity of mankind in their social condition. It is not easy to describe the moral effects of this single discussion. The rabid Conservative or Orange party, who boasted of the strength which their cause derived from what they called the protection of the laws and courts of justice, and whose cry of " the law will vindicate itself" has been so loud, are dismayed at the prospect of a defeat in the Court of Exchequer. It will have an electric effect on those, too, who regarded the tithe persecution as a means of sustaining Toryism, while the spirits of the Liberal party, and the funds of the General Association, will be elevated in pro portion to the depression of their adversaries. The manner, too, in which O'Connell has argued this question, without the slightest allusion to party or politics, has had a great and favourable effect on the minds of many. I shall send you the result of to -morrow's proceedings• IRELAND. DUBLIN, Nov. 30. COURT OF EXCHEQUER.—The proceedings in th e Court of Exchequer yesterday, noticed in our last Num ber, are of groat importance to the public, affecting the authority of all the processes of rebellion which have issued during the late tithe litigation. The Pilot states that " the proceedings to-day were merely conversational, and, so far as that, destitute of interest. But the position in which matters stand is a subject of immense interest. We shall endeasour to state it briefly. Divested of legal technicality the case at this moment stands thus :—The Court have offered, if Mr. O'Connell consents to enter what is called an " appearance" for the individual in whose person the principle is being tried, to discharge that individual in the morning, without payment of costs. Mr. O'Connell has refused to answer this proposition until morning ; and in the morning, at eight o'clock, Messrs. Dixon and Pigot, the other counsel, are to be with Mr. O'Connell, and the answer will be determined. Should it be agreed to enter the appearance the individual will be immediately relieved, but the decision on the principle will be postponed. Should the appearance be refused by counsel the client may suffer or be relieved as the decision may be, but the principle must be de cided by the Court. On the whole, such an offer from the Court is considered as a strong evidence that the Court ad mit the irregularity of the proceedings ; also, that the ge neral objections to the law, urged by Counsel, has greatly shaken the Court as to the legal propriety of its past pro ceedings —nay, that it would at once manfully retract, were it not for the dilemma of so many decrees having been already obtained and acted upon, under a construction of law now shaken to the base. We should hope, however, that an inconvenience will not be put in competition with an injustice. All men are liable to error—Judges are but men. There could be no possible disgrace, certainly n o criminality, in error atoned for as soon as discovered ; on the contrary, while error is but the lot of humanity, prompt acknowledgment is magnanimity—while wilful perseverance would be positive crime. The character of the Court is now the chief thing at stake ; and that can only be really compromised by obstinacy in error ; for it is admitted on all hands that a vital blow has been struck against the fu ture exercise of a musty and despotic law, as outrageous in principle to constitutional liberty as in practice to do- - mestic peace. DEATH OF ANOTHER TITHE MARTYR. We under stand that another martyr to the tithe system has paid the debt of nature. John Dwyer, of the parish of Doone, in the county of Limerick, who has been for some time incar cerated in the Four Courts Marshalsea in Dublin, died in that prison yesterday.—Pilot. REILLY.—The funeral of the unfortunate Jobn Reilly, the tithe-martyr, took place on Saturday last. An im mense crowd assembled on the occasion to show sympathy in his fate, and to give indication of their unyielding hosti lity to a system, the doom of which has been already sealed in the misery and death of the people.—Freeman. If the Northern Whig will condescend to take the trouble of reading again the remarks we made in a leading article on Saturday relative to the resolutions adopted by the Ge neral Association, he will perceive we apprehend it is he who is in error, and that he himself has prematurely jumped at a conclusion which our observations on the sub• jest of Mr. Sharman Crawford's resolutions do not at all warrant. The insinuation that we did not read the report of the proceedings on which we commented, is " too ridicu lous" to deserve refutation. RETURN OF SHERIFFS..--• - LOUTH.----.011 the Sheriff's list were two excellent names, which were struck off by the going" judge. These were—W. Henry Richardson, Esq., Prospect ; Henry Chester, Esq., a Deputy Lieutenant. These names are totally omitted by the judge, and the following returned :—Fortescue, Bellingham, and Brabazon. The first beardlessiird— boya Liberal ! D o y ou won d er , pen sive ; the second ser v ed th e o ffice be fore public, nd to e find him on the list Ah !he is residing ; and a tl on the Continent and could not attend ! ! Does that ac count for it ? Now, what were the names struck off, and these substituted ? William H. Richardson is a Protes tant, a man of large property, and is even son-in-law to Lord Hartland ; but then he is i Lib era l ! M r . H. Chester is equally qualified, besides being a Deputy Lieute nant of the county ; but then he, too, is a Liberal, and a Catholic to boot !—Pilot. The Earl and Countess of Carlisle arrived the night before last in Grosvenor-place, from Castle Howard. Hatfield Park, the extensive estate of the Marquis of Salisbury, and Woburn, in Bedfordshire, that of the Duke of Bedford, have each sustained great injury by the late hurricane. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Kent and Princess Victoria purpose sojouring at Claremont for three weeks, and then returning to Kensington Palace. Their Royal Highnesses household had embarked in some of the Ramgsgate steam packets on Monday, but owing to the boisterous state of the weather they were prevented ar riving in town until Wednesday. The whole have since proceeded to Claremont. MONEY MARKET. We have to notice to-day (Thursday) one of the most remarkable incidents that perhaps, taken in itself, and its probable consequences, has ever occurred in the money mar ket. The Directors of the Bank of England have been appealed to on behalf of a very large joint-stock bank to in terfere and save them from a stoppage, which, after much deliberation has been agreed to ; one of the principal con ditions, however, being this—that the bank in question should withdraw all their own notes as soon as possible, adopt the paper of the Bank of England, and wind up business alto gether with respect to the greater part of the branches. That other joint-stock banks are in similar difficulties, and will be driven to the same remedy, that is, if the London bank shall consent to apply it, cannot be doubted. That the Directors of the Bank of England have had merely a choice of evils in the instance referred to, and have incurred great re sponsibility by the course they have taken, may be safely as sumed as certain. No bank could be in a situation to make so humiliating an appeal for assistance, without having previ ously incurred great losses, and done an enormous amount of what is called " bad business ;" all the consequences of which, in coming forward to sustain its credit, must be met directly or indirectly by the Bank of England. The long deliberation of the directors before agreeing to it proves that they justly estimated those consequences ; but it was demonstrated to them, we believe, that the consequences of a refusal might be much more serious, and on that ground principally they agreed to the proposition. Some of the best bills in London and other places were held, it seems, by the Bank in question, but its endorsements, on account of issuing its own notes, bringing them within the interdict of the Bank of England, and other parties not having funds sufficient for the purpose, names of the first class could not, for a time, command discount in any quarter. The evil, therefore, of allowing this bank to stop would have extended far beyond the parties actually engaged in it, and the conviction of this led, as we have stated, to the final decision of the Bank. Those who were in the secret of what was then going on, confess that the period during which the determination of the Bank re mained uncertain was one of the most painful anxiety, and there is but one feeling among them of satisfaction for the timely interference which has now taken place. The mis maaagement of one large joint-stock bank might have brought on, and was on the point of doing so, a great com mercial crisis, in which numerous other parties, perfectly innocent and solvent parties, would have been involved. The extent to which assistance has been afforded is variously spoken of, some stating it at '200,0001., others at 500,0001., the latter being, as we are told, the correct sum ; the prin ciple involved in the transaction is, however, the really im portant part of it. The position in which it places the Bank is that of taking the first step towards the realization of Mr. Horsley Palmer's great project of commanding the whole paper circulation of the coun try. To carry this point, the Bank would gladly have brought down the whole of the joint-stock banks of issue ; but by a very singular contradiction it happens that they are compelled to assist the very first of them that is brought into jeopardy, in order to prevent worse consequences to the rest of the community. Supposing this system to be followed up—and that abundant reasons will be found for it no one denies—the very important question arises, how far the Bank of England in its present situation is able to bear the brunt of all the injudicious joint-stock banking which the late mania has brought into action. That is the first and most formidable danger, but there are many who think that a monopoly of the whole paper circulation is by no means a desirable thing for the Bank of England, and that they would be more vulnerable then in the event of a run than they are present. As leading to a new era in banking affairs, the circum stances just related are occupying a very prominent place in the discussions of the higher monetary circles. The decision in this case is applauded as a generous risk incur red for the public good.—Times. FASHIONS FOR DECEMBER. (From the Court Magazine.) WALKING DRESS.—Brown satin cloak, with velvet cape, tight sleeves of velvet, with looie hanging sleeves of satin over. Bonnet of cherry velvet, with plume of os trich feathers placed very low at the side. MORNING DRESS.—Of preen cashmere, the sleeves in three puffs, divided by the broad bands ; tight to the arm ; cape paysanne ; eollaret of worked cambric, the hair arranged with puffings of pink velvet at the sides as worn under the bonnet. MORNING DRESS.—Of green velvet chemisette and cuffs of worked lawn, blonde cap trimmed with pink terry velvet, shawl of white cashmere, richly embroidered with coloured silks, and bordered with moroon velvet ; brown velvet bonnet, with bird-of-paradise plume. COSTUME or PARIS.-Our winter fashions advance with rapid strides. Besides the mantles, of which we have spoken in our last number, some velvet mantelets and shawls have appeared. The first are made with a double pelerine of the largest size ; it falls very low behind, but is cut out at the waist, from whence it descends in long scarf ends. The two falls of the pelerine, as well as the ends, arc trimmed with broad black lace. These mantelets are made in different colours, but always in full hues ; black and dark green are preferred. The shawls are square, very large, beautifully embroi dered in a wreath of coloured flowers round the border, which is finished at the edge with a full fall of broad double grounded black lace. The observation which we have made above as to colours for the mantelets will apply also to the shawls. They are certainly splendid and tasteful, and will no doubt become very fashionable. Pelisses;have made their appearance, and are likely to be in request. Some of the prettiest are those made of figured silks or satins, the shirt closed down the front by velvet lozenges to correspond. The corsage, high and plain, is partially covered by a pclerine, pointed before and behind, and bordered with three bias bands of velvet. The upper part of the sleeve wide, and hanging low, but from the elbow to the wrist it is tight, and covered with chevrons of velvet ; a knot of which near the elbow completes the trimming of the sleeve. Douil lettes, which last year were but little worn, are already in great favour ; the most elegant are those composed of reps Indien, with the fronts and border of the shirt trim med with swansdown. A high corsage, tight to the shape, and long tight sleeves, finished at the wrist by a rouleau of swansdown. The upper part of the douillette is co vered by a mantelet Caupalet of the same material ; it is a kind of short cloak, with scarf ends, and a hood, which, as well as the mantelet, is lined with coloured satin. The trimming is a rouleau of swansdown, similar to that on the douillette. Satin hats are now for the most part trimmed with velours epingle of a colour which contrasts very strongly with that of the satin, as, fbr instance, fawn co lour and blue, brown and green, green and orange. Flowers composed of velvet, or of the barbs of feathers, are now becoming very fashionable for trimming hats and bonnets. Those of velvet have the brims of a large siae, rather close to the cheeks, but evase over the forehead. The interior of the brim is trimmed with blonde, and velvet flowers of the colour of the hat. Violet and moire dere are colours very much employed. Very rich figured satin ribbons arc used for trimmings, but the knots are arranged with great simplicity. Generally speaking the flowers or knots that trim hats or bonnets are placed very low on the crown, bouquets or toques of ribbon placed high being considered quite unfashionable. Feathers only are placed so as to rise above the summit of the head, but only in a small degree, as they droop on one side. Muffs are expected to appear on the first frosts, as they will then become an in dispensable part of out-door dress, as boas are at present. Sable of all the different kinds will be most generally adopted, but ermine will be considered most elegant. Furs are expected to be very much employed for trimmings this season. Some velvet and Cachmere scarfs are already trimmed with them, but we must observe that the latter were for evening wraps. Fashionable colours remain as they were last month, but two new ones have been intro duced, moire dore and eau de Danube. This latter is a very delicate shade of green, which our modistes have brought into favour within the last few days. RUSSIAN TRADE. Office of Committee of Privy Council for Trade, Whitehall, Nov. 29. S am directed by the Lords of the C omm itt ee o f Privy Council for Trade to acquaint you for the further in rmation of the gentlemen engaged in the Russian trade, upon the subje c t o f th e l e tt er a ddress e d t o you b y t h e i r Lordships' directions on the 29th of September last, that their Lordships have received a letter from Viscount Pal merston, transmitting copy of dispatches from the Earl of Durham, at St. Petersburgh, whereby it a ppears th a t th e Russian Government had instructed the Military Governor of Archangel to direct the Tribunal of Commerce at that port not to fail to pay due attention to all just and reason able representations made respecting the brack of flax and tow, until some definitive regulations on the subject should be established, and that the brack should be made according to the plan settled in 1832 by the merchants of Archangel. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, Samuel Thornton, Esq. DENIS LE MARCHANT. The Hon. Henry and Lady Augusta Fox have ar rived at Rome, from Florence, to visit the Countess of Co ventry, her Ladyship's mother. Mr. Fox will return to Vienna at the end of the month to rejoin the Embassy, as Secretary of Legation. Lord Augustus Fitzclarence is entertaining a select party at Mapledurham, where great improvements have been made by the Noble and Rev. Lord, who has also es tablished a district national school in his extensive parish. The Earl and Countess of Carlisle artived on Tues day, in Grosvenor-place, from Castle Howard. THE LATE I lURRICANE. (FURTHER PAR TICULARS.) ng to Mr. M'D ona ld' s h ouse A stack of chimneys belesigi in Great Hermitage-street, Wa i nping, was completely blown eighteen inches from their perpendicular, and turned round full an angle of ten degrees, at the same time carrying away entirely two pots and part of the top of the same, breaking in a frightful manner the roof of Messrs. Wilson and Son's, tailors, next door_ It is a miracle no one w as injured. Fifty feet of the nine-inch vall, built by Lady Colborne, extending along the foot-path c .n Shepherd's Bush Common, was thrown down by the late I ugh wind. At Notting Hill a chimney of considerable heigh th was blown bfown en masse, and it now lies in a remarkable position. _ . Along the Kent-road very few houses have sseaped. At the Marquis of Granby pubi2e-house, New-cross, Deptford, the quantity of lead which covered the capacious viraudas in front of the house was rolle d up in the form of a sheet of parchment. The inhabitants at the bottom of the hill at Belgrove, near Welling, were exceedingly alarmed, be tween twelve and one o'clock, whe n the storm was raging with the greatest violence, by the falling, with a tremen dous crash, of two high walls, one inolosing the premises of the Rev. Mr. Kimber, and the other on the ground of Mr. Strong. The premises of a gentleman at Bexley-heath, have sustained damages calculated at upwards of 5001. In Langley-park, a vast number of trees have been torn up by the roots. At the south end, and all along the Lewisham road, the haystacks almost unroofed, the trees lying across the paths, and the walls and fences thrown down, bespeak the devastating fury of this storm. A great number of accidents occurred at Highgate,i Kentish-town, and Camden-town. The house of Mr. Bull, Fortess-terrace, was shaken as by an earthquake ; the attic was carried completely away, and falling on the , plated roof, of a new built stable broke through that, and left it in a ruined state. The house presents a singular appearance, the upper rooms being exposed, and the house having" a deep rent from top to bottom. We understand a most serious and lamentable accident occurred to a little boy coming home from school about one o'clock in Swain-lane, Highgate-hill. The ruins of an old wall were blown down, and the ruin crushed the unfortunate child. He was taken up quite dead. In the neighbourhood of Camden-town an immensely large tree blew down ; broke down some palings of the garden ; fell across the road, and broke several panes of the opposite shop windows ; at that time a chaise was passing, and the horse narrowly escaped—the poor animal's nose was terribly bruised. Baker, guard of the Holyhead Mail, states, that along the extent of coal-warehouses, on what is called the Old Wharf of the Dudley Canal, at the back of the New Town-hall, Birmingham, the water rose rapidly till it over flowed the bank for some distance, and rushing impetuously down the embankment, undermined and eventually washed down five cottages built in the hollow. The meadows along the low parts of the country were generally flooded. At Birmingham a boundary wall was blown down, and killed on the spot a man that was passing by. At the works of the bridge building at Poole quay con siderable damage was experienced, and the spars that were driven afloat struck against the shipping and caused much alarm. One huge bar of timber was by a violent collision broken in two, and the parts floated out to sea. Churchill, guard of the Exeter mail, states that at Wey mouth, a vessel heavily laden with timber, broke from her moorings, and was carried out to sea. Tiles, chimneys, and chimney-pots, were falling in all directions. The streets were deserted ; indeed, it was difficult during the gusts to walk along them, and the shops were generally shut up as if it were a Sunday. The mail was brought to a dead standstill for a short time at New Farm, five miles beyond Salisbury, from the furious raging of the wind, ac companied by hail and sleet. Tabor, another of the guards of the Exeter mail, states that on a plot of ground, about a mile and a half on the London side of the town of Exeter, where the old gallows used to stand, a corner cottage, one of six there built, was blown down, and two children killed. On the Dover road, at Broom, upwards of 1,000 fir trees in a plantation be longing to Sir Henry Oxonden, were blown down. DREADFUL EFFECTS OF THE VIOLENT GALES ON THE COAST OF FRANCE. CALMS, WEDNESDAY, NOV. 30.—Since the violent hurricane of 1808 this coast has not experienced such dreadful gales as within the last few days, or has the ship ping suffered so severely, not even when the Amphitrite female convict ship was wrecked off Boulogne, in 1833, when all hands perished, amounting to upwards of 800 un happy women and children. On Monday the wind blew with the greatest fury, but yesterday it was a violent hurri cane from the W.S.W. and W., sweeping every thing before it. The appearance of the sea was most awful, being co vered with wrecks which dashed upon the shore, tearing up the sand in every direction. The pier, or jetty, of this port, the strongest and best constructed of any in this country, and which has for years defied the auger of father Neptune and Eolus, could not stand against the impetuosity of the foaming element. The huge massive stones that are linked together by strong iron bars, and hitherto have served as a breakwater to the pier and harbour, were shaken from their embedment and broken asunder ; the deep-driven piles of the jetty then became loosened, and in vain could stand against the violence of the waves, dashing in the most furious manner from the W.S.W. At the end there was a sentry box for the douanniers or Custom-house soldiers, who were on duty day and night, t o g i ve au a l arm t o th e pilots of the port, in case of any vessels being in distress, by the ringing of a bell ; that was completely washed away, and from about five-and-twenty to thirty yards of the upper part of the pier, or bars, leaving only the piles standing. 'Fhe ancient Fort Rouge, the saluting fort and battery, on the right entrance of the harbour, and signal staff for the shipping, by announcing the high, ebb, or low state of the tide, by hoisting the red flag, and which is built upon strong piles, driven about forty feet below the earth, was shook to the foundation, and in many parts gave way ; the whole of the top of the corps de garde, or signal-house, is blown off, and had it not been for the heavy pieces of cannon around it, which caused an aperture for the fury of the wind through the port-holes, the whole would have been swept away. In Calais a number of the roofs of the houses were blown off, and the Funal, the revolving lighthouse, which serves at night as a beacon to ships at sea, and the dreary traveller by land, had all the glass and the top which protects the machinery smashed to atoms, and at one time it was ex pected that the upper part of the Hotel de Ville, in the Grande Place, so much admired by travellers coming to this country for its beautiful and light Gothic structure, would have been blown down. At the Besse Ville and St. Pierre a great deal of damage was done, and for miles along the St. Omer, Dunkerque, Guinnes (where the noted aeronaut Blanchard descended in his balloon from Dover), Boulogne, and Paris roads the trees are torn up by the roots, cottages in every direction levelled to the ground, and the country completely inundated, as for many leagues around here it is nearly a perfect flat and the boggy and sandy soil, barely sufficient to maintain the numerous poor peasantry, who are obliged, as an addition to their miserable existence (there being no abominable poor-law system in this country), to importune the benevolent and goodnatured tourists with their lamentable tales, beseeching a few sols " pour ]'amour de Dieu." At Bologne the top of the colonne Napoleon, which was erected to commemorate the en campment of the " Grand Armee Francaise" which was to have invaded Old England, under the command of that ambitious and extraordinary man, with his flat bottomed boats, had it not been for her wooden walls and invincible sons of Neptune, had the railing blown, which so frightened the poor old veteran and his wife who have the showing it to curious travellers, that they left their little hut to seek re fuge at a neighbour's, as they were confident they heard the most mournful groans proceeding from the fine marble co lumn which they had no doubt was that of " Le petit Corpo ral," so infatuated are those who have served under the late Emperor with every thing that relates to him and his former glories. At Montreuil a most serious accident occurred yes terday morning, which might have proved fatal to many. The Paris diligence of Messieurs Lafitte and Callaird,and that of the Messieurs Royales, of Rue Notre Dame des Victoires, had just changed horses, when coming down that steep hill, the quadrupeds of the former took fright at the violence of the wind ; and notwithstanding all the hallooing and cracking of the postillion's (or jack in boots) whip, they could not go on, so that both the heavy vehicles came in contact with each other with that concussion that the wheels of both came off, and the astounded inside and outside passengers only had a severe shaking on the stones when th ey go t ou t, and were politely requested by Messieurs les Conducteurs to wait in the village at the bottom, until the damage was repaired, notwithstanding the heavy ra i n an d w i n d w hi c h nearly took them off their legs. A mong t h e passenger s were several Englishmen, who h eart il y en j oye d t h e appear ance of the dismayed Frenchmen at this contre temps, which is not at all an unfrequent occurrence in this country, as the diligences are of that heavy construction in some parts that they are often blown over without many acci dents happening to th e c l ose d up inmates, exce pting a few bruises. Yesterday a Government courier with despatches for the Russian A m b assa d or i n L on d o n, who had been waiting here for two days with impatience to cross over to Dover, hired one of the large express boats for 1,000 francs 000 determined to run all risk, although it was blowin g a h urr i cane, an d a f ter reg aling the sailors well with eau-de-vie, they had the temerity to venture ou t o f t h e harbou r , an d bid d e fi anc e to the raging elements at the risk of their lives, notwithstanding the persuasions of their more experienced comrades. No sooner, however, had they passed the pier head than the sails of the boat were shat tered to pieces, and three of the unfortunate men washed overboard, two of whom sank to rise no more, leaving fa milies behind them. There are no less than fifteen trading vessels on shore, between here, Boulogne, and Dunkirk, and several bodies were picked up this morning. SPIAIT 01 THE PUBLIC ,JOURN. The article in the Constitutionnel to which yester day we briefly adverted, deserves the most. serious con sideration of the French people. A sense of its deep originally to advert to the sub importance induced us ject which has been so ably treated by our well-in formed Contemporary ; and in returning to it now we do so with a strengthened conviction that the tranquil lity of France and the stability of the Orleans dynasty must be greatly endangered by the establishment of Carlism in Spain. There is a cunning, as there is an ambition, that not unfrequently " o'erleaps itself;" and of this perilous nature we fear is the policy that has recently presided over the councils of France. ViTe are and have been always ready to admit that the Constitutional Government of our neighbours would have much to apprehend from the spread of anarchy or the establishment of purely democratic institutions beyond the Pyrenees. But with our eyes open to this danger we saw another not less imminent in the final triumph of absolutism. Some days since we noticed the startling coincidence of the progress of Don Carlos in Spain with the growing hopes of the fallen dynasty of France. Will the fact be questioned ? Is it not notorious that the aspirations of the Royal ists in France are rising with the success of those who are combating with the same principle in Spain ? Why is this ? Unquestionably because they feel that the success of legitimacy in Spain opens a prospect of its triumph in France—that absoluti.l.3m would probably rise to the same level on both sides e , f the Pyrenees. The tranquillity of France and the s tability of the Orleans dynasty are the interests endangered. We are far from saying or from supposing that the energies of the French people would not be sufficient to .crush any attempt, no matter how powerfully supporzod from ,without, to re-establish the Bourbons. We know how sm ell and how comparatively powerless is the Clarlist party in France, and do not entertain any apprehension of its gn.al establishment. But were the whit e flag o f Henry Ar.. to be unfurled in La Vendee, we dare say b his followers would be quite as numerous as were those of Don Carlos vv,lien he first hoisted the Royalist standard at Elisondo. And is the tranquillity of France to be put in peril by ests:blishing upon its frontier the dan gerous example of a .successful effort in favour of the principles of legitimacy . ? Let us not underrate the power of foreign intrigue : . by supposing that its exer tions in favour of a de ju:re aspirant to the throne of France would not be quite sufficient to throw the entire country into cor ,fusion—temporary it might be—but pregnant with the most fearful re sults. And what security has Louis Philippe that, with legitimacy established in Spain, Russia would not use it as a lever to lift his own constitutionstl throne from its foundation ? It is nonsense to talk a the contest between Don Carlos and Queen Christi= as merely involving a right of succession—the triumph of an individual. It is, as far as foreign powers are concerned, a war of principle ; and were absolutism triumphant in Spain to-day, it would make France its battle-ground to-morrow. This principle has its re presentative in the one country as it had in the other,. and were Don Carlos to succeed, whether by treachery or intrigue, in Spain, so surely would Louis Philippe have to encounter the pretensions of a Bourbon aspi rant to his own crown. In such a contest France would triumph, but he and his family would fall. In what consists his security ? In the attachment of his people ? They are attached—such of them as are so—not to him, but to the good order and tran quillity of which they believe him the preserver. Were that tranquillity disturbed, they are too shrewd not to attribute the effect to its proper cause, and too prudent, we should hope, to incur the danger of its influence again. What further security, then, has the King of the French to lean upon ? Let the people of France and their Sovereign look to Russia. We tell them, and upon no light ground, that in the private circles of the Court of St. Petersburg the restoration of the elder branch of the Bourbons is talked of and seriously con templated. This, which the people can atrozd to laugh at, ought to be to their King a subject of mow serious consideration. Has not the Emperor refused ..to ac knowledge him as more than King de facto ? Can lie disguise from himself the fact, that his G o vernmeo, in its relations with Russia, is regarded as only pro. , visional ? Have the agents of that Government ap prised it of the manner in which the Duke of Bor deaux is spoken of at St. Petersburg ? Have they ever informed it of his projected marriage with one of the Archduchesses ? We know how studiously the Emperor has refused to admit the right of the French people to change the dynasty of their rulers—and are tempted to ask if a King who reigns in virtue of that right can confide in the support of a Power that re fuses to recognise it ? We had written thus far when the Paris papers of Wednesday reached us. There can be no doubt but that the policy pursued to wards Spain will form the subject of an early and most important discussion in the Chambers. We observe that the Journal des Debats is beginning to prepare its audi tors and partisans, instilling into them the lessons and. the arguments which they are to repeat and uphold. This lesson and these arguments are the direct con trary of what the Journal des Debats has been preach ing for the last five years. Formerly it was the warmest champion of intervention,and of terminating the troubles of the Peninsula by the strong arm. Now, however, as the present Ministry has obtained office by suspend ing co-operation with Spain, and can keep it only by making the neutrality system prevail, the Journal des Debats turns round, and declares that co-operation is an absurdity; that 20,000 French would do no good whatever in Spain ; that the Carlists would disperse, and the Pretender hide himself at their approach, to reappear again if they retired ; that now all Spain is in insurrection, whilst formerly it was confined to Na varre, and that then there was a Constitution formed, perfect and in operation, whereas now there is only one in embryo. From all these reasons the writer con cludes, that however useful it might have been to aid the Spaniards in 1832, there can be no possible ad vantage to do the like in 1836. In answer to all this we beg to repeat what we said the other day, viz., that what is most influential in the affairs of the Peninsula is the moral force of either party. Both seem deter mined not to make trial of their physical strength, or to put it to the proof. Whether it be Rodil, 'or Gomez, or Cordova, or Villareal, who coin e mands the superior army, none will hazard an action. And, it must be owned, that since the commencement of the war, whichever side has attacked, whichever has assumed the offensive, has lost, while the defensive always wins. In this system of menacing and ma noeuvring, and out manoeuvring, in which the Spanish virtue of patience seems to have survived the equally national virtue of courage, it is plain that whatever gives an overwhelming moral force to one party gives it instantly the victory. Twenty thousand French bayonets in Navarre would instantly extinguish Don Carlos ; not that his partisans might not number twenty thousand bayonets too, but that the bare idea that France was irrevocably and sincerely en gaged against the Pretender would at once annihi late his moral influence. In fighting for him the Spaniards a re not fighting for any great national cause, as they did in the war of independence. Un fortunately the great mass of the lower orders arc as little enthusiastic for the Constitution. But all would and do rally to the side which they think likely to con quer. The Spanish population being in these sentiments, m oral force is everything to either party ; as a proof, we ne of ed but adduce th e e ffects of the dissolution of the French corps co-operation—effects so fatal to the Queen's side--effects fully foreseen by M. Thiers. Had this force, instead of being dissolved, and by its dissolution swelling the credit of Don Carlos in a thousand direct and indirect ways, been marched against him, the Jour nal des Debats admits that the result would have been the momentary disappearance of the Pretender, and the dispersion of his bands. But this is nothing, forsooth. What Nothing the occupation of Tolosa and Onate —of the magazines of corn and powder—of the foun deries of cannon—of the artillery itself—of all the ma terials of war ? Why, independe ntl y of the mora l blow, which we insist would have proved fatal, the Carlists could not, for a year, recommence a campaign. And then what objection could there have been to the 20,000 French soldiers in the Queen's service conti nuing to garrison Tolosa and Vittoria for a year, or for any amount of time necessary to allow the effervescence of the people to subside ? As to the other parts of Spain, the Christinos, even whilst employing a large _ ,...„...i.i;,..__ ,; - 1-: :_it..; :1 7.: . . , ii_i" ' _•'. .. - ',..7.„:- . "' , 1.-.sl $.,,',-;>„-",,,, (I $ , , ic' . ...>•., , ; 47 . ..' ' 4it . -,-._:,.„.., , ..., f '7- '' ' ' r-4 Z '..i , .