The Sun. — London, England, 1821-10-13 00:00:00

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THE ANTIDOTE, PRICE S EVEN PE Net WOOLLEN TRADE WITH PORTUGAL. following Report, which I copy literally, as it is but just their reasons should be : " The Committee of Coninteree, in consequence of the com plaints relating to the wrong understanding and execution of the :Mill Article of the Treaty of Commerce of 1810, between Por tugal and Great Britain, having been charged to examine the said Article, and the Treaties to which it refers, aftar due oni sideration, report " That the said 26th Article declares, that the stipulations contained in the former Treaties relating to the admission of Portugal Winei on the one hand, and British Woollens on the other, shall, for the present, remain without any alteration. " That the. only Treaty relating to the said articles of Wines . and Woollens, is that of 27th Dec. 1703, usually, called the Me thuen Treaty, and that this treaty having fin object the admis sioniinto Portugal of British Woollens till then prohibited, the fixed rates of duties was not then expressly., stipulated, but.it was agreed that the Wines of Portugal in British Ports should pay one:third less duty than French ‘Vineii: '" That in consequence of this stipulation, and at the time of the last Treaty made in 1810, Portugal Wines were paying the enormous duty of 551. p er p i pe , an d t h at t h ese enormous duties continue to be demanded in British Ports. " That, on the contrary, as 'Woollen Goods at the tune of the Treaty of 1810, continue to be subject to and paying only a duty of 30 per cent. on a moderate valuation, this rate , did not continue, as did that of the Wines in Great Britain, which con tinued paying the same duties as before; but here the rate was reduced to only 15 per cent. that is, to one half of the rate for merly paid ; wherefore, from what has been already stated, it ,appears to the Committee of Commerce— . That as the Treaty of 1.103 only fixes the duties on Portu gal Wines in Great Britain, but does not determine any fixed rate for British Woollens, the admission of which by the said Treaty was first allowed in Portugal, the said Woollens conse quently remained subject, conformably to the same Treaty, to all and whatsoever duties may at any time be imposed upon them in Portugal. " That the 26th article of the last Treaty of 1810, having de clared that the stipulations of the Treaty of 1703 should for the present remain without any alteration, this clause newly con firmed the above, and th ere by the Woollens continued, as be fore, to remain subject to whatever duty might be imposed upon them; or even more, they were left liable to the same rate of 30 per cent. they were paying at the time the said last Treaty was made, according to the declaration which mutually confirmed all the preceding stipulations. - " That the reduction made in the duties on the said Woollen Articles, from 30 to 15 per cent. that is, one half of what they formerly - paid, has consequently n o foundation whatever in the Treaty of 1703, the only one relating to those articles, and still much less in thelast Treaty 011810, since by an express article thereof all the respective stipulations relating thereto were con firmed and revalidated afresh. . several years, has .been from 4 -0 to. 25,000 pipes per annum, but it lias nevertheless prevented the increase, and led thOse interested to believe that we acted from arbitrary princiPles.—We seem afraid of chewing to the Spaniards;as well as . the Portuguese, the smallest symptom of approba tion with regard to the late changes so happily effected in their respective Governments. On: the 24th of-last August, the Anniversary of the glorious Revolution in Oporto, .11/1r Ward,lour Envoy in Lisbon, was invited, with,the rest of the Corps Diplomatique, to Court, in honour of the day it was intended to celebrate Mr. Ward declined attending, alleging that he held no for mal character, as Envoy ; but; not many (lays after, as such he laid in a claim on behalf of a vessel that had been condemned in the regular Courts. What greater insult could have been offered to the PortugueseGoveenment and People ? rFROM THE MORNING CHRONICLE.] OR CONSTITUTIONAL SENTINEL, NEW WEEKLY PAPER. Five ifundred Sachs of KILN DRTED HOUSEHOLD FLOUR,-to be 'Subject to The ustial warranty of Twelve Months ; --eind One Thousand Sacks of BISKET MEAL To be delivered into His Majesty's Victualling. Shires at ,Deptford, in the space of one month, and to be paid for ail Bills, payable, without Interest, sixty days after date. The Con'tlitions of the Contracts may be seen at the Secre. GENTLEM EN—On the 19th of l a st July, I submitted, for your consideration, a few of those reasons which induced me to believe, that, without the establishment of, at least, one WEEKLY. JOURNAL in the CITY of DUB LIN; to watch over the interests, and advocate the cause, of the Established Church, the sanctity of the Constitution 'would be violated, and the ascendancy of your principles would be im paired. I informed you, that such a Journal, to be of any ser vice, must be independent, as well of the Cabinet as the Castle, and suited_ to the present ominous, extraordinary, and deceitful "aspect of the times ; which, belie. - e me, requires not Only strong and nervous language to be applied, bit bold and constitutiona truths to be explained. l arfit Nn regard . will be had to any Tender in which the Price sla t! not - inserted iit words at length, or that shall not be delivered to the Board before One o'C:inch on the sniff lflonday,. Me 15th Instant; nor unless the Per sO'iha.makes the Tender, or some Person on his behalf, I tt " I d* to answer when utztledfor• Eachr erefterforFtour must also be accompanied by a Letter, si g n ed by tine responsible Persons, engaging to become bound 7444 14. e Party tendering, in the Penal Sum of about 154. er rel it: Upon the amount, for the \ due pmformance of the cu!ltract. IkAi ER ICANLJOTTONMA N UFACTUR Es.-We copy the following letter from the Liverpool Courier of Wednesday " TO THE EDITOR. " Sin—ln the Mercury' of Friday last, October 5, a para graph appeared, under the title " Manufactures,' stating, that the American papers speak with exaltation concerning th?. progress of their manufacturing establishments.' THIS MONTH. lIA:ZARD and-CO.. the CONTRACTORS, remind the Puttlic, that the DRAWING of the PRE SENT- MONEY LOTTERY will commence on the 39th of THIS MONTH. They have the greatest pleasure in ac knowledging the repeated testimonies of approbation be stoseedohthe Scheme, which combines all the points that the public have so long called for. There are THREE OF £30,000 ! THIRTY 0 tH ER CAPITAI 4 S-ALL STERLING MONEY. • • - NOI"nvo BLANKS TO A PRIZE. NO CLASSES I—AND NO STOCK PRIZES ! HAZARD and Co. hare already had the pleasure of sell ing All the 30,0001. Prizes in One Lottery, and hope to re peat their good fortune in the present Lottery. They shared and sold in the Lmt Lottery, No. 13,702, a 21,0001.1 and 6 ' (3144 ' ! t 1 5 ,0001.! at their old and very fortunate Offices, ROYAL EXCHANGE ; 26, CORNHILL; and 324, "This very correct statetnent says, that in Patterson, (isle.w Jersey) where, two years since, only three out of sixteen of its extensive factories were in operation, a signal and most gratify ing change has been observed.' OXFORb-SlitEEl'. ANTI-MILDEW CANVAS. M ESSR.S.--BROWELL and CO., No. 23, Aldermanburv, 'have •lately received a Letter from . 144 - William Chambers, an eminent Sail-maker at Yarmouth, ~hick amply proves the advantage to the SHIPPING INTE AFsr bdtl attending their Invention ; tie says, " That- having considerable experience for the last nine years of various kinds of Canvas, some bleached. and othcis brown, which had, k ll , nder lzone the Anti-Mildew process, be found all were ism i.ust4 itt softue's and appearance,All bad invariably resisted s, .the Sails wore more equally, - wantinA bnt little his k ii :, d 4A_,lasted longer than any unprepared Canvas within yeetaf;„".e; .he apprehends that the process kills s th l e •'tttt(.l f ' Pr otetple in flax and hemp, and Ise finds that ,ai t s „ e . t " dt t i l e darkest coloured cloth, after short' exposure . o tfteeffected fsis I's become white as if bleached.' —ll .. se ptocess Awni n ,„, 5 %. Per Bolt of all qualities used fur Stores, Sails, le ngth Or Tents, and is returned in a few slays the sante breadth as when delivered.—Canvas ready done lane. b e bad of Me s srs . GUTHRIE, and CHAIM ERS,• WA raid: " n u "f Mr. ANDERSON, C rown - court „ ed with a Red Clown and letter B. tBEIt'S BRITISH and FOREIGN SUB -I,wionSCRIPTION LIBRARY, No. 27, Old Bund-creet, nalf TitA CLA SS. — Subscribers paying 101 lOs a Year, 61 6s the }' tray, or 31 13s 6d th e Quarter, are allowed IS volutiles tt te° and 30 in th e C ountry, an d are ent i t l e d to t h e i nt- Qtte and of every New Work desired. I.— Subscribers paving 5/ 5s t he Year, 313 s the Half ~!a r. or IL I6s per Quarter, are allowed L 2 volumes in 'loan • 411 (1 24 in the Country. li a e "" I L — Subscribers paying 4/ 4s the Year, 21 14s 6d the in 4f .Year,.or 11 I 1s 6tl per Quarter, are entitled to 8 volumes CLtss and 16 in the Country. 11 1. - -Subscribers paying 31 3a the Year, 212 s the 41 f Year, or I/ 5s per Quarter, are allowed 6 volumes. b e i • lt i immediate mid abundant supply o f *ver y N ew W or k Iv lug added to this extensive Library, of - the established Li !rkti in the vario us b ranc h es o f E nglish, French, and Italian lo ral `eralure, ensureson to Subscribers the great e st p o s s ibl e ac - Books sent to th e C ont i nent in any quantity, by paying a Proportionate Subscription. puished, THE LIFE Volumes,This is:n Day . was 15s. bo bl ards, ur 11. calf gilt, T HE LIFE and ADVENTURES of GUZ iikted rMAN LE SAGE WALPARACHE, or the Spanish R ogue , trans 'row . v e . ciAr By JOHN H. BRADY. k m C one the Public upon the addition which Mr. ~r ie L b " made to:their literary amusements." " This is g,l%ii-l'e i the most amusing works we-kn ow ."—(E uropean Ma o m May 18,11 tid elit::. B rady has o executed his duties as a Translator with r " ,---(New Monthly Mag. 1821.) the anslator has produced a very entertaining ve rs i on ulteNi 4 "reutures of that prototype of ailventureis,—the Lap w G aZntan."—(Literary Gazette, Ist Sept. MI rnblaa and Co. Paternoster-row; and J. M. Richardson, WIDOW WELCH'S FEMALF, PILLS m en , t have obtained the sanction and approbation of Gen : rttee e / t of the Medical Profession, as a safe and valuable in vo . : _ne ! .in removing obstructions, and relieving o . ther ttiasureniences to which the female frame is liable, especially want w hich at an early period of, life frequently arise from iire ": of xereise, and general debility of the system. They oreaPpetite, cOrrect indigesti.on, useful giddiness and orde us head ache, and are eminently in windy s us oats itit the stomach, shortness' of breath, and palpi dis- -%on heart. . . a,...urchasers are requested to remark, that, as a testimony of "L'aticity, each Bill of Directions is signed with the name of Co.writing. Sold wholesale and Retail, in London, by Wright, e °. 46, Fleet Street ; Rai - clay and Sons, Fleet Market; New rtaachndvsaorr, c ; r reet SL Paul's China 'Yard ; Sutton and Co. Bow ; Sanger 350, Oxford Street, opposite Bond Evans and 'Son ' Lung Lane Smithfield ; Johngton, Cre ek Street Soho ; Butler and Sons, .Cheapsitle; and w i is ndus, Rishopsgate Street ; and by all Country Vendors; 528 . 9d. Box. Godfrey I i s t e It. s necessary to infOrm the pulilic that KEARSLISY'S flared 7 oral s original and enuine Medicine, and has been Fe °Y them fur more g enuine Medicine, aUII bai been pie. Y tbeo fur more thazi thirty years.. Gentlemen ProteStants, through the medium of this Journal I am determined that your privileges shall be advocated, im partially, but firmly—without prejudice, and, most certainly, without fear ; no compromise, or no Inroad upon your Consti tution, will I submit to, without exposing the authors, should I fail in blasting their acts ; and I hope, that, in my produc tion of authorities and incontrovertible documents, I shall not be accused of an inclination to excitement, when I alone apply my historical and religious knowledge towards the pre servation of the Altar and the dignity of the Throne. I have no desire to disturb the universal harmony which now prevails, and which, if I was to judge from history, and experience, I shou be inclined to believe cannot continue very long, (I don't mean the affection we bear our King,) hilt a union amongst all parties. I have been the great means froin strong attachment to my Sovereign, (and ably supported by the exalted public Press of Dublin,) of gradually accom plishing, 'since the month of October last, what no man or Administration could ever yet effect—a universal, all-power ful, and enthusiastic spirit of loyalty throughout the entire of this noble and high-minded country ; and, what was still more difficult and incredible, of forcing the talented Professor of THE ANCIENT FAITH OF IRELAND (for a time only, I fear), from the strong fastneSses of Reform and discontent ; and hav ing extricated the talented Advocate from the unpopular and Radical perils of the Lion's Den. I am, and if questioned, he will allow it, the principal cause of planting this Operative Warrior, and his Chorus of Reform, by my Letter of the 28th of June, through a dread of losing his popularity, ,in the half complying embraces of a Protestant Corporation, as I told him that I would do, in defiance of every effort to elude his poll deal conversion ; and, further, to the astonishment of himself and the entire of his Clergy, I never rested u ntil I entangled this inconsistent Veteran Patriot in the double SS Collar, and orange Drapery of the zealous, well-intentioned, but mistaken, Glorious Memory Load Mayor of Dublin ; and, to the absolute horror of the Intolerant Milner, whom I had just driven from the Country, when his apprehension of me permitted him to think of his forsaken friend, and to raise up his eyes for the security of London--even this Bigot dropped a tear of contri , tion, as he beheld, afar off„ the persecuted and penitent Daniel, crying bitterly over his past offences, in Abraham's bosom.— But, Gentlemen, lest I should write myself out of matter, which would be rather difficult, before I pay my occasional respect s to you through the m e di um o f " The ANTIDOTE; OR CONSTI TUTIONAL SENTINEL," which 1 shall sometimes do, I shall merely now remark, that I have prevailed on a Gentleman of ex perience to take upon himself the management of this Paper, the sole object of which is to support, without a wish to irritate or inflame, the present Constitution in Church and State, as restored by King William the Third, of great •and • glorious memory, to whom the Houses of Lords and Commons, in Convention, on the 22d of January, 1689, pre sented an Address,_ in which " they acknowledge him, under God, the deliverer of the n a ti on ." . This. Constitution; Gentle men, secured by the Bill of Rights, the Act of Settlement, and the Coronation Oath, which had been altered for James the Second, but now free from all ambiguity, I will defend, with my. heart's blood, to the last period of my life. I deprecate with detestation every tendency towards popular excitement ; but no human power shall ever terrify or seduce me into a concealment l -much less an abandonment, of my political and re ligious principles, where the shadow is conciliation for a day, but the substance, possibly may be, if not prevented, intoler ance and persecution for a century. I shall, .in.defence of the Protestant 'Ascendancy, be obliged occasionally to state facts and authorities, as I have done throughout the course of my various writings, in support of the Church and State ; but theyshall be submitted, without aggravation, and, I trust, without offence. Tile present Administration, as so ably conducted by the vir tuous and upright Liverpool, shall be supported until sn at tempt shall be made upon the Constitution, through the medium of the Cabinet, and the prerogative of the King transmuted into an engine for destroying the civil and religious liberties of the subject. A few Publications that may be worth the trouble of reading, shall be reviewed from time to time. And it is earnestly requested, that female Tourists, in particular, will be .careful how they presume to disseminate infidelity and licentious ness under the flimsy, tattered foliage of French and Italian dra pery, for I will give them no quarter if they do. My old fanatical Psalm-singing friends, the Evangelicals, I fear are rather jealous of my not having mentioned them before; I will, however, make amends, by promising them the most marked attention and respect suited to the profound gravity of too many of their countenances, and to the profound hypocrisy of some hun dreds of their souls. I cannot help some few being-idiots; and those, perhaps, I may irritate, but I hai'e too high an opinion. of the Roman Catholics, as individuals, t o su pp ose they could' be incensed at my defending, zealously and forcibly, the interests of the Established, in opposition to the demand's of the Church of Rome. I never yet saw one of their body sincerely sup porting his Prelacy and faith, that did not acquire my respect and esteem:—and that man must be a base and intolerant Bigot, who would not have such a feeling ; however, I shall, at all risks, discharge my duty to my country without fear, and, I hope, without anonymous r et a li at i on ; and I look forward to the ANTIDOTE, being yet supported indiscriminately by Protestants and liberal Roman Catholics, and firmly established at a future period, if necessary, as a Three-day or even a Six-day Paper. On the. Clergy of the Established Church I particularly call for aid and assistance ; let them give up their-.bows and scrapes at the Castle, for•preferment; for a short period. Mr. Grant may be offended, to be sure ; at the scarcity of Black Coats previ ouslyflocking aogether, like rooks round a honey comb ; but these Reverend , Gentlemen will, at least, have the satisfac- • tion of believing that they have added their mite in support of that man's exertions, who never did, or never will cringe, even to a PriMe Minister, much loss to his Secretary; and who has al-• ready made, in their cause, pecuniary sacrifices, which he could with difficulty afford. Gentlemen who wish to support the Conititution and the Church, will leave, or commission some friend to deposit immediately, a Half-years Subscription, of seventeen Shillings; or a Quarter's Eight Shillings and Nine pence, .with the Editor, Mr. Power, 19, St. Andrew-street ; as it is intended that the first Number, containing a most import ant Address to the Protestants of Great Britain, shall be pub lished as soon as. fifty more names shall be obtained. The Public Listi, now containing the names of the most eminent and distinguished Noblemen and Scholars in both countries, will, at-present close and future S u b scr ib ers must s i gn i fy the i r adlilress, &c. etc., (J by letter, post-paid,) to the Editor alone, as aboveLdnentioned. . , Black Rode, Sept. 25,182 1. HARCOURT LEES. • LISI3O, SECT. 'very considerable sen sation having been excited in this countryamong the British Merchants interested iu the Woollen Trade with Great Britain, by a late Resolution. of the Cortes to change the duties on Woollen Goods imported here from England from 15 per cent., at which they' lately stood, to 30, I have taken some pains. to make mySelf master .of the subject, and in order that no incorrect opinions may be formed on your side of the water, I shall communicate to you the result of my inquiries.. - That harmony and — goOd understanding, founded . on protection received-from Great Britain, and a mutual exchange of commodities, which subsisted between the two countries for so many years, rendered few Treaties necessary; in, consequence of whicirit will be 'easy to take a rapid view of those which existed - previous to the arrival of the - French, when the form of the Portuguese Mo narchy changed so materially, and the ultra-ma rine proyinees became the seat -of Government, or,_as it were, the mother country was converted into the - colony. This sketch is, however, im portant, .as it_shews- the' spirit and meaning on whiCh the two - Governments acted, during a long . course of commercial and friendly relations. Our first'Treaty of Friendshipand Commerce with Por tugal was in 1642,when British subjects were allow a the same privileges as those enjoyed by the Dutch, at that time the. most favoured nation in this country. Our second Treaty was in 1654, and it chiefly tended to confirm and ratify the one above-mentioned, stipulating, at .the -same time, for certain regulatiOns regarding the load ingand unloading of vessels. This Treaty, besides, contains a secret article,. by which it is agreed, " That the duties on British goods and merchan dise shall not hereafter exceed 23 per cent. on a favourable valuation ;" but it must be here ob served, that Woollens are not included in these ",goods and merchandise," since, at the time above alluded to, their importation was not al lowed. These several Treaties were . confirmed on the marriage-of Charles H. with Catherine of Portugal, and again by the defensive Treaty of May, 1703. This was followed by the well known Methuen Treaty, concluded on 27th December, in the, same year, and on this our commercial relations with Portugal hinged_ for many years. ay .this,Treaty it.is agreed, " That the introduction of Woollen Cloths and other ar-: ticleashall be allowed to the British, but on con dition that Portuguese 'Wines shall be admitted into all ports of Great Britain, on payment of 'one-third less duties than. those levied an French Wines . ." It is necessary here to observe, that having originally been put on the same footing as the eutch, the most favoured nation in Portugal, the duties-on our Woollens were then established at 30 per cent., the same as then paid by them, and on this, footing they continued till the emi gration of the Royal Family to the Brazils.—ln 1810, Lord Strangford made his new Treaty with the Court of Rio Janeiro, and it is on the two interpretations of the 15th and 2Eth Articles of. this Treaty that all the present misunder standing rests. The - 15th Article states, - "'That all goods, wares, and merchandize, of whatever kind they may be,.of the produce, art and inven tion of the dominions or'subjects of his Britannic Majesty, shall be admitted into the ports of Portu gal, whether in Europe, America,,Africa, or Asia, on the payment of a duty of 15 per cent." Such is the general rate to be levied on goods and mer chandise ; but that WOollen articles are not in cluded in this clause, appears not only from the general spirit of the preceding Treaties, but also from the 26th Article of this same Treaty of Lord Strangford, which expressly declares, " That the stipulations contained in former Treaties concerning the admission- of Wines of Portugal on the one hand, and Woollen Cloths of Great Britain on the other, shall at present remain unaltered."—'This article denotes that in the text, as IVell as meaning of the new Treaty, Woollen Goods stand as an exception to the gene ral clause . contained - in the 15th Article, conform ably to the.tenor of former Treaties; and that this was the interpretation originally given to the Treaty, is proved by the fact that said Woollen Goods continued to pay 30 per cent., here as well as in the Brazils, fOr three years subsequent to the signing.of the new .Treaty. In 1813, however, that is, at a time when we possessed an immense influence in Portugal, as Kell as - with the Go vernment of the Brazils, and which on more than one occasion was unduly exercised, a doubt arose among the persons interested in the Woollen Trade, whether or not the goods of this denomination ought to be included in the 15th Article in'a ge net;al way. On this .a claim was- established before: the Government, - and British influence at- the time obtained a Decree from Brazils, dated sth May, 1814, by which it .was enacted, " That 'Woollen .Goods - should be included in the 15th Article - of the Treaty, and pay 15, in stead of 30 per cent. duties,as hitherto had been the case." • This alteration in the duties by the Rio Janeiro Government was made in opposition to the opinion of the Lisbon Board of Finance, expressed in a Report, dated 28th September, 1813... The Woollen Trade remained -on this footing till the late change in Portugal ; but the impression generally entertained was, that the alteration in the duties had been Obtained con trary to the meaning of the Treaty, through un due influence. Last July the attention of the "Cortes was called to this subject, and it was re ferred to a Committee ) who thereon made the " That the 15th Article of the said last Treaty of 1810, which possibly served as a pretext for the above prejudicial re duction and loss to the public revenue, does in fact stipulate the admission of all goods of the produce, manufacture, and in dustry of British subjects, on payment of a general duty of 15 per cent.; but as the said 26th Article of the same Treaty is subsequent thereto and which declares thatthe stipulations con tained in the former Treaties relating to the admission of Por tugal Wines' on the o ne hand, and British Wooll ens on t h e other, were for the present to remain without any alteration, the latter evidently became a clear exception of the afortsaid Article. • " That this exception is the more just and obvious, as at the time the last Treaty was m a d e , th e diff erence between the re spective duties on Portugal Wines and British Woollens was so disproportioned, that this became the object of the laid 26th Article, for, notwithstanding the want of restriction in the Treaty of 1703, and the full liberty"to which this gave rise, duties equal to 30 per cent. were exacted in Portugal on Wool lens, when, on the contrary, in Great Britain, more than 200 per cent. were demanded on Portugal Wines, that is, more than twice the original value of the Wine. " And, finally, in consequence of all the above reasons, it follows that the reduction in theduties on Woollensin Portugal was as unjust as it was erroneous, and that on this account, as it is improper any longer to tolerate so great a deficiency in the revenue, it is the opinion of the Committee that the duty of 30 per cent. should,be re-established as formerly, and levied in all the Custom-houses." I . Such are the facts and authOrities I have been able to collect on thi s cur i ous - an d i nteres ti ng I question, and certainly, when duly considered, they acquit the Cortes of Portugal of the crime of having infringed the existing Treaty with Great Britain, 'which, in - the 26th Article, ex pressly points out on what footing British Wool= lens were to rest, thus rendering them au excep tion to the general merchandize alluded to in the 15th. 'Whether the Portuguese Cortes have acted wisely. and politically on this occasion, is another question; but I am inclined to think, under ex isting circumstances, they have. Asa Legislative Body, they are bound to protect their own ma nufactures, and, in . a competition .with us, this could not be done. by a less duty: than .30 per cent., and even then, at the present prices of Wools, there is ample. scope for 'ow' manufac turers. Not to have restored the primitive ope ration of the Treaty, accidentally suspended as it was, would have been contrary to their oaths and the very. object for which they were af4.m.. bled. It is notto be concealed, that our existing Treaty, that is, Lord Strangford's, as it is • usthrlly culled, is by no means popular in Portugal.lt is sup poSed to have been obtained whilst a corrupt Minis try held the reins of Government in Rio Janeiro, and at a time when our Government, from a vt.t riety of circumstances, possessed an unbounded influence over the Councils of •the Portuguese Monarch, and during- 'a period when the affairs of his kingdom were in a most 'unsettled state. 1 On this account it is unpopular, now that a new ' order of things has been established.. Neverthe less, we are equally ready to acknowledge that, in our Opinion, the Portuguese themselves feel the benefit of lowering the duties on the general .class of British merchandize; that. is, cottons, hardware, Szc. from 23 to 15 per cent. as was done -by the Treaty in question, because these are chiefly articles of transit, and not consumed in the country, since they pass on to Spain ; and this must continue to be the case as long as the present 'restrictive laws are kept in force. Wool len goods, on the cont rar y, - are chiefly used'. for home consumption, and, of these the Portuguese have some manufactures, which besides they na turally feel 'anxious . to encourage. No one re joices more than ourselves, when our country men obtain advantages in trade, or a new outlet for their manufactures; but ' commercial treaties, to be satisfactory and lasting, must lie fair, perfectly equalised and reciprocal. The Por tuguese have seen our Finance Minister, when ever it suits his convenience, raise 'the duties on Oporto Wines t o fi fty-fi ve poun d s per pipe, that is, 200 per cent. on the prime cost, without taking into consideration that the duties paid by us in Portugal were fixed and stationary, and- in no proportion whatever with the rates .lesied in Our ports. Fortunately for tbe Portuguese, theSe excessive duties have not diminished the consump tion of Port Wines in Great Britain, wh i ch, for I " Two years since the writer was at Patterson, and all the cotton factories there (which, however, amount to only eight, instead of sixteen) were then in operation. The number of spindles in the whole does not exceed ten thousand: and in Manchester there are establishments of sixty thousand. •So much for these extensive factories,' and the sage remarks which have been elicited from the Editor of the Mercury.' The spinning machinery of these extensive factories' is such as, with the exception of one mill of five hundred spindles, would be considered of little value in England. " I would advise cotton-spinners and weavers in this coun try, not to be deluded by such false and exaggerated state ments as often appear in the AmeriCan papers. They. are merely inserted for the purpose of being copied into the English Radicalpublications. I have frequ e ntly me t i n t he U n i te d States with men who had good situations in England, and who have been months without employment in America. " Your's, &c. " Y.+► EGYPTIAN MUMMY. • We have seen the mummy brought by - T. Coates, Esq. of Flaydon-bridge, from the neighbourhood of Thebes, in Upper Egypt ] and presented by him to the Literary and Philosophi cal &ciety of this town. Mr. C. himself saw it raised out of the.royal tombs at Gouruon. The Committee of the Society have instructed the Secretaries to attend every day this week, between the hours of twelve and two, to gratify the curiosity of such of the Members with their families or friends as may wish to see it ; but as soon as instrr ctions are received from Loudon respecting its removal into a proper case, it will probably exposed to public inspection. The mummy is that of a female, and is about five feet five inches in length. It was contained in a case two inches in thickness made of a hard wood, the pre cise species of which it is difficult to determine. The mummy yet lies: in the lower part of the case. It is doubtful whether the body is Merely wrapped in clothes, or whether a cloth leas been drawn over a thin case or inner coffin, in which it has been deposited. It appears eyident, however, that the face', at least, is covered with a mask; and if in • the covering, in - which Ale body is enveloped, there is no - solidcase ' • the indistinctness 'and very general outline which the spectator has of the form within, spew that there must be a great quantity of waxed or rosin e d cloth wrapped, round it. The ma s k of th e f ace is covered with yellow varnish—the shape of this mask is that of the face of a person in a high state of civilization. Oa each• side Of this mask there are two rolls like a rude. imitation: of hair, similar to those which we understand contained the hair of the rmirmily Ist ly opened in London. On the crown of the head. is punted a large black .scarabmus,or beetle, which appears from Belioni'a travels to -have: been a-sacred emblem among the Egyptians.' The bodkpart of the exter•nal covering is.., .Ixtinted in Moak. with various figures of th e sacred' bull, the Ibis,'the god Anubis and the hawk, a symbol of hi g h r an k Sa n d probably, as the ' mummy came from the.iOal tombs, it - is even of the rank of royalty). There are also from about' the middle nearly to the feet of the body a vast number of hierOglyphics, - athongst which we recognized an eye, doubtless signifying Piovideare—'a lance—several flowers, apparently of- the, lotus species mod. a variettof human figures sitting in different pastures. The co lours are very bright; eonidering the great length 'of time during -which the, body,•must- have lain. entombed.' s The ground work of the covering is .white. The outside of the pp' r per part of the thick wood case we have already mentioned, is, carved in imitation of the inkier envelope, which is e d vere ll. 'l ns deed, the face of theauter case is .a finer specimen of -AA Wan the mask. There are also on the outside of this case a series of hieroglyphics like 'those on the minniy. . The whole of the -case TS " pitched within and without" with a light cols:Stied substance, Which appears to have been afterwards •done: over with a thin coat Of black paint or varnish. 'We are informed that the heart and all the internal parts were found preSeryed in the mummy lately opened in London, so that it is prohable that that will be. the case with the present relic. A multimy affords a curious example of the triumph . of art over the power of cf the perseverance bt the artist in _perk tually making in - :penetrability, as it were, More and 'more impenetrable, till the ,conviction of the period to which hisla hours .would endure would astonish even himself. A man in , clined to presetve - any - anirnal body for a long period naturally embalms it. To the embalming. process the Egyptians have added the wrapping round of waxed cloths, the laying of bodies in case above case, the coating even the cases with a cement which itself seems as if it would, endure for, ever, and lastly, the placing them where neither light, nor air, nor moisture, nor any decaying principle could collie near them, as if they had not only resolved to keep Mex predecessors as ?Ong as their empire lasted, nay, as long as there was a trace of tneir exis. tence to be seen in the remaining of one s t one upon anothars, but as as if they had predetermined , that nations three or four thousand years later than themselves shOuld rdmii-e their skill, and confess, even in those dead monuments oran extinct people, that they knew arts which baffle all the , ingenuity of their. sue.• cessUrs.—Olewcastle Paper.) ' . , . EGYPTIAN OBELISK.—The obelisk of-red ..gra nite, brought home in the Dispach, .for Mr. BANKES, jun. which had previously been re tnoved.down the Nile from tn! isianaof Philoe, on the borders of Nubia, was safely unshipped last week at Deptford, and is now lsing on tho deck of the shee r. hulk there,till it is rea d y t o b e removed to Mr. BANxEs's-seat, in Dorsetshire. It is particularly interesting, being tire first ever brought to England. Artists have already been; making drawings from it, for the purpose:of en graving ; it being supposed that it may'very pro bably furnish a key to the interpretation of the bieroglyphicalcharacter; since 'the Greek upon the pedestal,..which records its first erection, under PrroLEsty and CLEOPATRA, near two thou sand years ago, is very probably a trans:ation of the hieroglyphics with which all the four sides of the obelisk itself are richly covered.