The Sun. — London, England, 1844-01-05 00:00:00

of holidays (2Q days). As, however, he petitioned for a pro longation of this period we gave him a month in ad dition, to rest his mental as well as physical powers. On r , !eovering he immediately returned to his duties, but !ally a few days after he suddenly departed this lire lin the Palace, while in the act of preparing a docu ment for our inspection. Our grief was extreme, for he bad a strong claim on our gratitude, and we therefore now confer honours according to his rank as a statesman and scholar. As a proof of our affection we shall offer sacrifice to his departed spirit in the Temple of the Virtuous. We have conferred upon him the To-10-king cover for his coffin, and now appoint the Princes Tsae-toy and Tae-ling, with 10 officers of the im perial body guard on an early day to pour out a libation before him. L et a d onation of 1,500 taels of silver be given for his funeral expenses, and let his body lie in state in the Imperial Cemetery, for in his official capacity there is not a singl: in stance in which he deserved reprehension. His grandsons, Lin-tseen, Lin-Ching, and Lin-yang, when arrived at the years of maturity (16), are to be presented to the Civil Board, that we may confer our favours upon them, and thus show our gr ief for the deceased. 'When the u'ual ceremonies on this occas ion hare been performed let them be duly reported. Respect this. (N Go date.)—a' 'won Press, Aug. 22, TRADE WITH CHINA. (From the Canton Register.) 'By the latest advices from Canton, we learn that the trade there was suffering so much interruption and inconvenience as to be nearly at a stand for the present. The Hong merchants seem anxious to continue their former monopoly, and as the bo ngs, where merchandise has been always warehoused, are in their hands, and traders have been unable to procure any others, they object The seem ssessed of sufficient power to effect their Hopp, too, are unwilling to admit goods upon Payment of the duties settled by the new tariff, without the addition of further imposts ; and the native linguists exclaim isludly that their emoluments arc lessened to a ruinous degree, while their labours are greatly increased. All this i s very much what was expected by the best judges, and We b elieve it arises wholly from local interests an d Prejudices, without being directed by the supreme Go vernment. It is, however, not the less necessary that the ri nest resistance should be made to any encroachment or deviation from the terms settled by the treaty ; if any conces sion is once made no one can tell how far additional imposts ~ill be accumulated under various pretences, until affairs are brought back to the same state from which we have just escaped. If other means fail, our own Government must be called on to see to the p roper administration of the treaty so lately solemnly whichZ fir ed, and we h ave no d ou b t t h e same pru d ent fi rmness t ' brought the former negotiations to so satisfactory a con tl'icio, will be equally successful now. The following i s the petition of the Chinese linguists : tic : t e e , tt undersigned linguists, beg respectfully to call n lrense utnimer:st.ion of the foreign merchants resident at Canton ° the necessity of making so m e ne w arrangemen t s f or th e th Of our services, suited to the altered state of ' Pie l l e ,„ v .: l° " l ,Y we received an allowance called ' tam-tow' or lasid u ed'''' " e h% a sum of so much per picul on all goods (say rou(rlaY iioe.candarine, six cash, per picul), .or shipped off ii eg candannes four cash). This was paid through the ° In er I, -, once f 'units to the Ho ) o being included in the differ nar 0 the buhognd weer;sel i m P g ' price . :between the foreign and tfrooudrateierndersl per uts, ceived it from the Hoppo's offi . ce h a onm. When the new order of things was in month ago, the said allowance of ' tam-tow,' ZrhinPeictellage:ir'lYvatas, in the first instance, entirely cut off. Th but i t s • Government have since agreed to give us back a part; is still so insufficient that we shall require to look to the foreignar trade itself as the source from which we must principally f u ra:i the means of meeting the expenses we actually incur in Idling facilities for the foreign trade. "Ire system, athddeition to the allowing of picula . ge,.under the old security merchant made the linguist a presen . t of blielsOidt!els for every ship when the ship commenced discharging. tron a a further sum of 200 dollars as compradore's money for sactmg the business of the ship ; and when the grand chop was obtained we received a chumahaw of 2231 dollars, and the foreign mrchant allowed us the sum of 15,22 dollars per ehop-b ost for all goods imparted, but we got no allowance .. on i g n the s !I t aP or all 'hat being previously taken into consideration entirely done away Wpiytht.he new arrangement all these fees are _ " As many of the f ore i gn merchants may not be correctly in .Vformer', of the extent of our services, and may therefore have a 7i inadequate idea o f th e expenses we incur, we now take the liberty of submittin g th e whole to your notice. ` l ° When a ship is reported, the linguist himself requires, in tlrs first instance, , rst nstance, to go to the Hop P n's office, and make er9u - Dements f or h er discharging. He then requires to dispatch assirst n a i ssistants t o Wh ampoa, who take down the documents, picking out the marks and number, Sso, the ph and when chops are loaded, some of these assistants must accompany tthem back to the city. On the arrival of the chops at e the ty, the linguist must again go to the . Hoppo's office to get must t the °PPG's people to come out to examine the goods, ;end four assistants to help to weit a b n e d xe m s asurethe goods, measure bales, count the Pieces, and arrange for sen o din n g t every merchant's goods to ih ! Place where, he wants them stored. When cargo is being ,"'PPed off, the linguist goes to the different merchants, and )1: 4 ; their statement of what they are going to ship. After th -' l ng written out a correct list, the linguist requires to go to 8o °d to get his people °p come out and examine the 1 ""cos, and requires, as in the revious instance, to have shoti t f e r , pz e o , p , le standing by to open boxes, arrange marks and and afterwards he has to go to the different merchants to get their shipping notes. When the vessel is about to depart, the linguist requires to go over the statement of duties, and apportion to each man his share, and having i . itu pleted all m inor arrangements he must go again to the ti °Plio's to procure the . grand chop. „ e ` 'ticli are the principal services rendered by the linguist to I nv : , er themw to . r y e s t i s g ee n z t e r tas a . de a , b, ) besides many others, sufficiently annoying ut too minute to be detailed here. The we always gives us much more to do in the way of vio ti s i l ig and running about than the old system ; besides, pre chantl, p on,,o,uorfoz rvesaer,aior a uces h a a . d some assistance from the Hong men ursers and people, whereas now we are cast entirely ways of charging remuneration for our services, many are objectionable. If we charge so much a MP) a large ship may give us no trouble, and a small ship able be very troubleso in asmuch as me. Charging p er mon th i s objection the s ame ab aY le it would place the hard-working m a n on Char footin g a s t h e man who does comparatively little. againstging so mu c h per chop is, with all that may be argued it, perh aps t h e least o bj ect i ona b le of all. But the old rule will requir e some m odification. If we w er e t o con tintic to charge 15,22 dollars upon all chops of import cargo, and nothin g upon export cargo , in t h at case , w h en a ship ar rived full and ,went away empty, we should gain our money c omparatively easy ; on the other hand, when a ship arrived in ball ast an d went away f u ll , we might have a deal of trouble and no remuneration whatever. " After maturely considering the various points of the case, Re have resolved to make the following charges for our services, vhich are respectfully submitted for your kind considera ti°ll, viz.— "On all chop-boats inwards „ "On all chop-boats outwards... lO drs. laid This is understood to be exclusive of the charge of 12 drs. Peace to the chop-boatman, and coolie hire, but al l other ex 4ltre to be considered as included in the abeve. l:4 l% k t ' thops vary very much in size, we beg to state what we er the quantity of cargo as represented by a chop, viz.. 41 t " INWARDS. I' h °lllba Y Cotton ,4 r )0115118 70 bale,. ~ it'Ral cotton , Sp. stripes 4, ;rift ells ' 140 do. of 20 do. 4, L o " ri l n lets ...... .. gcloth s ... l4O do. of 10 do. 100 do. of 50 do. •Cott o Catties gross. " Ir on ' I . Yarn ............. ..... 100 do. weighing about 30,000 44 b i , tin, andother ncds of this description '" ce . about . J r ............................................. , s. Teas. , abo ut " OUTWARDS. I Mil. '" ...... Lellaneo_ 3 5 0 0 : 00 000 0 .. , .us articles k_ . . pectfully e r • "Nu: tor an " e a rl y Wer.;r o r9l ' Ain Your faithful humble servants, " OLD' 'IOM, for the Foon-Hong. " YOUNG TOM, for the Wo-shang Hong. " ALANTSEI, for the Ching-wo Hong. " " YOUNG AHEEN, for the Shune-wo Hong. Canto n , A u g OIQUA, for the Ehi•wo Hong. . P 20, 1843." 'TEMPTED EXACTIONS. We f learn (From the Canton Press.) Y advices from Canton that ever since the 25th :° I. An L'gust the foreign trade, so far as new arrivals are con riled, has b een stopped, and no vessel can get permission to runtenoe discharging without the consignees of all vessels l isee' IL In g to submit to the f o ll ow i ng " squeeze " to be paid to -..e. p sr% t n guists:—A f ee o f 223 1 dollars on each and every British b e l ei; a fee of 12 dollars per 70 hales of Bombay, or 80 of ;gal cotton' and in prop or ti on f or ot h er cargo. t h Or several days vari ous a t tempts were made to escape ssi e . s heavy char ges ( amounting to prohibition of small ves- L s ') with out avail, as it was ascertained that no one but the Zoit uists were allowed to approach the Hoppo on business nected with the foreign trade. An application was then 'sl ee t to ." her Majesty's o ffi ciating Consul" to the following 'sleet : 4 ,,," We beg to re p resent to you that we are unable to get any of th e linguists to attend to the Custom-house business of o ur vessels lately arrived unless we agree to pay them as fol lows (naming the above fees). tl We beg to inquire if the difficulty in our proceeding with 44. 'e, business of our vessels can be removed without our sub• milting to the exactions of the linguists? tai ", They are the only persons we can find to carry on the de "of the business of a ship with the collector's o ffi ces ; they state that the collector refuses paying them for their services, 4 4 1 w 1 therefore th ey make an increased demand on foreigners. tidingecor to „ the new regu l a ti ons we supposed they would be d The Consul, Mr. G. T. Lay, replies : no " I have to say, that by the new regulations the linguists are ~antsto be considered the collector's servants, but as the ser ii, of the consignees, who must y them for their services, to 'es a bribe or fee, but as their hi re ; and if these men refuse of Work for a reasonable sum, others who will consent to accept i:„ smaller compensation must be sought for; but if such are w t te be found, whatever the charge, must be paid. „ 1 have no vi e' to compel them to act for any specified sum. by i e so far agree with Mr. Lay that the linguists must be paid or .7reigo merchants, if their services are absolutely required, ;.11 these services are not such as are usually paid by the re ,:preivers of the ditty. Of what nature are the services required linguists? and for what is the fee of '223 dollars per ship th 4.12 dellars per 70 or 80 bales to be paid? We imagine l ` the only one thing for which the importer may justly be the de r to ray, or which may be required of him, is to furnish tin 'nese Custom -house officers with a paper stating in co mes the nature of the carg o his ship braigs ; it then is according the duty of the Chines e to see that such statement bateording to truth • but surely it can never be contemplated ~, b esides the du ' ty, he is to pay those that are appoin T ted oor;,iiirle4Crvhicinnese to watch after its being properly paid. h e which, therefore in our opinion, the linguis ts, Ir e , Y t noe else in their t cl ' oueht to expect payment . . for ot, - t ue foreign sPi, - " ! °f the merchant ea is for the, translation or writing e'n'se necessary documents ; in fact, a . translation into ' 4 lled ' of the ship's manifest; any other duties they may be t 4 i,es . 11 P . ,° 11 to perform must be paid by their own au.thor.i ,`otepti t i l l ' e " Iwo suppose that even Mr. Lay will not maintain „ .inguists should be allowed to charge for such tit Pa Y pe'43Y witt y, for filling, perhaps, a reasonably-sized sheet t Osn d, r wg the exorbitant sum they now de sotto_ which its the case of a ship carrying 4,000 bales of I srs, l ;_ would amoun t to the enormous sum of 823,N dol !ts 4°l' translation of a small document. We would engage tes g : t w i t__ written out at one hundredth part of that charge, Zesk _7 n ot aware that none but the linguists' do cuments , N are such occasions be received at the Hoppo 's office. %l y e told that previous to the present exorbitant demands t he 17,: e .ltde Ole linguists demanded much less, but even then Ss t eigters would se t t ' c lew _ not comply, and they then declared that 4 y ode 'tants had not agreed to what the linguists deeme tZuve I t at _ r !te s they would now insist upon these charges as k A t th at ''' All business is consequently at a stand, and we 14 itsi s tohnelse_ss the British authorities make a vigorous sten . d to ties st 4_, exactions, the trade will revert to exactly its tisdetiar--tamely, that the Chinese authorities will be able " w ith any charges they please. On the other hand, we have seen letters from Canton, men tioning that rumeurs prevailed there that Keying and other high authorities had written to the Emperor, to represent that it would be necessary to deduct, from the amount of the Im perial duties now received five candarines per picul, for the payment of the Chinese officers connected with the Custom house ; and that they, expecting his Majesty's gracious ap proval, would begin already to deduct that amount. If this is the case, the position of the linguists becomes doubly unten able ; and certainly British merchants ought never to submit to their exactions. THE FRENCH EMBASSY TO CHINA. We learn, by letters from Canton, that the French Consul Count de Ratti Menton, presented his credentials to the Viceroy of Canton, at the country house of Pwankingqua. This ceremony, which was preceded by several visits to the French Consul and Captain F►rman Duplan from the Kwang ehowfoo, and a delegate from the Imperial Commissioner, may be considered another progressive step in the events which have lately taken place. Towards eight o'clock of the morning of the 6th of September two boats belonging to the French corvette Alcmene lett Canton for the place of meeting. They contained the French Consul, Captain Duplan, the Chancelier de Consulat, eight officers of the corvette, an interpreter, and several private gentlemen, and reached the house of Pwankingqua after an hour's pull. Then the Com mandant and Consul were shown into the large hall, and a delegate of the Imperial Commissioner, the Kwaugchowfoo, and several other mandarins paid their respects to them. At near the hour fixed upon an officer wearing a chrystal button announced that the Imperial Commissioner was prepared for the interview. when the Consul and Captain with the others before-mentioned descended to the reception-room, and there found the high Chinese officers and a number of other functionaries wearing white and blue buttons. Some compliments having passed, the French Consul pre sented his credentials from the Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Viceroy, who handed them to the Imperial Commissioner, and the latter took note of and returned them to him. After this many questions were put, concerning his Majesty the King of the French, about France and her .11inisters generally, and more particularly M. Guizot became the subject of conversa. tion, which continued fo►r more than an hour, during which a collation was offered by the high Chinese officers to their guests. This intercourse between the high Chinese functionaries and officers of foreign nations would lead us to suppose that an im portant change is beginning to operate with regard to Eu ropeans—a change which, managed with care, would appear to augur an approach to an entirely friendly understanding between the Celestial empire and the various European Governments. DEATH OF MR. MORRISON. Sir Henry Pottinger announces with feelings of the deepest and most unfeigned sorrow, the demise this morning, at a few minutes after seven o'clock, of the Hon. J. R. Morrison, Member of Council, Chinese Secretary, &c., and Officiating Colonial Secretary of the Government of Hong-Kong. Mr. Morrison was so well known and so truly beloved, es teemed, arid respected by all who had the happiness of his ac quaintance and friendship, that to attempt to pass any panegyric on his private character would be a mere waste of words, and Sir Henry Pottinger feels that his own sincere grief on th is mournful event is only a type of that universal sentiment . which the memory and worth of Mr. Morrison will be for ever embalmed. In a public point of view Sir Henry Pottinger considers the death of Mr. Morrison to be an irreparable national calamity, and he doubts not but as such it will be received and viewed by his Sovereign and country. The Canton Press adds the following particulars : " Mr. J. R. Morrison, the son of the illustrious Dr. Mor rison, so well known as an active missionary and compiler of the Chinese Dictionary, and who died in China just nine years ago, was born in Malacca in 1815, and was only 28 years and four months old at the time of his death. In an early age he was sent to Europe, whence he returned, after a short stay to China, with only the rudiments of an education, which it then became the care of his father to perfect. From the earliest age his attention was drawn to the study of the Chinese language, in which he had become so proficient, that on the lamented death of his father, though only 19 years old, he was appointed by the Government to the responsible situation of Chinese secretary and inter preter to the superintendents of trade , before h eld by his father, the duties of which he performed to general satisfaction. " Mr. Morrison's studies were even at that early period not limited to the Chinese language. The trade of this country bad so much engaged his attention, that in 1834 he pub lished a volume, the " Chinese Commercial Guide," con taining much very valuable information on the commerce with Canton, which must have been collected with considera ble pains, and which to this moment is of the greatest use as a book of reference. During the following years, preceding the differences with the English, Mr. Morrison, whose official oo d ii nfff u t ht i tphe e hei s . esrh d raec i c d dcoutus n i btnn o oegt t mer ny t sh h p e ssap n anardk e tr i ng enedohuw r ia o tabl engross the rseil:tysgietho whole of the of h Chinese hi n i s e time, s e language,engaged and t s h e n i b s gi his gepeoudprl purpose, his se attention,T weh e b g e e l o i e g v r eap, and, htoy w f ad a have published a work on the geography of China, for which he had already collected many valuable notes. He con templated also a new and enlarged edition of his father's dictionary. These literary labours were, however, interrupted by the troubles which broke out in Canton early in 1839, since which time he had to conduct the whole of the Chinese cor respondence of her Majesty's Superintendents and Plenipoten tames, and in 1840 and subsequently always accompanied her Majesty's Plenipotentiary on the several expeditions of the British forces, where his perfect knowledge of the language and of the official usages were of the greatest advantage in carrying on the negotiations which have terminated so advan tageously to this country. It was just at the moment when Mr. Alorrison's services were about to be rewarded by higher office, and their value probably more substantially recognised by his Sovereign and country, his Excellency Sir H. Pottinger hay. ing only last week appointed him a member of the Legislative and Executive Council, and officiating Colonial Secretary of the Government of Hong-Kong, that, on the 23d of last month, he was attacked by the Hong-Kong fever, which has lately de prived us of so many valuable lives. The fever which termi nated his life, and which must be called the Hong-Kong fever, combines, we are told, in its symptoms, the appearance of the jungle fever of India and of the yellow fever of the West Indies, and has hitherto in too many instances defied medical art, al though the latest advices from Hong-Kong, we are glad to say, mention the recovery of several that were considered in danger from the same illness." THE CURRENCY. by reading The Sun, TOI was much TILE s m EDITOR neh Sun, of yesterday, some able remarks on the Currency, by your Correspondent " Beirniard." One of the errors which he points out, as com mitted by writers on that subject, is that of ad mitting the depreciation of paper currency; and as that phrase occurs in the leading article of the Times of this morning, commenting on some pamphlets published by the Society for the Emancipation of Industry, it may not be amiss to inquire into the sense in which it is so used, so as to put an end to wrangling about terms to which both parties attach different ideas. The term depreciation of currency first came into vogue about the time Mr. Huskisson wrote his celebrated pamphlet on the Currency, in 1810. He found that ever since the passing of the Bank Restriction Act, in 1797, the price of gold, wheat, and all other commodities, had been gradually rising in price, and that, consequently, the pound-note did not purchase so much of any commodity as it bad done prior to 1798. lie, therefore, asserted that the CURRENCY HAD DE PRECIATED, and erroneously attributed this de preciation to the over-issues of Bank paper. I agree entirely with your Correspondent "Beir niard" as to the loose and unphilosophical mode of thinking and expression implied in this . phrase, " depreciation ;" for had Mr. Huikisson said that everything had become dearer he would have been much nearer the truth ; and, by this mode of expression, we might have been saved from all the misery and ruin which Mr. Huskis son's unfortunately chosen phrase and loose manner of thinking has since entailed on this coun try. In consequence of the amount of indirect taxa tion levied on commodities year after year, from the passing of the Bank Restriction Act, the productive classes of this country were compelled to demand, and paper money enabled them to obtain, from the consumers of their respective commodities, a higher price than they could otherwise have received. The pound-note, there fore, very nwurally and properly lost its power to purchase, in exact proportion as prices of com modities had"been enhanced by taxation. From the system of indirect taxation, and the drain on us for gold prior to 1797, we were com pelled in the following year to abandon gold money ; but even had we not been so compelled, and if go/r/ money could have been retained in this country (the pressure of indirect taxation re maining as betbre), IT too would have depre ciated just in the same degree as the PAPER money did ; in other words, IT too would have lust a portion of its power to purchase. In re spect of " depreciation," then, the gold and paper pound would have been quite on a par, as far as THIS COUNTRY was concerned. But gold is a commodity, and has a general mercantile value in the market of the world, and if we depreciate it at home, in consequence of high taxation prices, it will be sure to leave us in our dealings with foreigners—nut so our paper ; and therein lies a great point of superiority of paper money possessing no intrinsic value, over gold money possessing intrinsic value. For prices can be maintained in a taxed country by the use of paper money, but cannot be main tained by using gold money, unless by adopting the most stringent prohibitory system of trade, and making it criminal to clip, melt, or export the coin of the realm. Set gold free from the trammels of the,fixed price at which the Bank of England must at present take up its notes, and let it rise in the markets like other commo dities in this taxed country, and the value of our English pound will just be what amount of gold, or anything else, it will purchase; and this value will depend and be regulated by the amount of indirect taxation which Parliament chooses to levy on the country, and will therefore have a much steadier and uniform value than any money based on the precious metals; its value will in crease with the diminution of taxation, and di minish with the increase of taxation, so that it will be for the benefit of landowners, fundholders, annuitants, placemen, and every - person enjoy ing fixed incomes, to see that the affairs of the nation are conducted with an eye to economy.—l am, Sir, your's truly, Q. T. 4th January, 1814. MUNTZ'S PATENT ELASTIC CUR RENCY RENOVATOR. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. " The ,cene? 'tie Birmingham renown'd afar At once for half-pence, and for Doctor Parr." Pursuits of Literature, p. 222. Sia,—By your paper of yesterday I find 11r. Muntz pruposing to set everthing right in the monetary world by having ss. ‘.2d. of the. silver coin melted down and coined into seven little shillings and a little sixpenny piece, and explains that why he adopts 7s. Gd. as the denomination for the ounce of his new silver coin, is that it ' appears to be generally acknowledged that 7s. Gd. is a remunerating- price for a bushel of wheat; and thus, by this presto movement, making an old half-crown a three-shilling and ninepenny piece instead of a two and sixpenny one, and giving two of those old half-crowns instead of three for a bushel of wheat at 7s. Gd., he fancies that the farmer will obtain his remunerating price for his grain. Now, Sir, I beg to suggest a plan of my own as a better one. "Junius" slys, " The balance equally prepon derates, whether you take from one scale or add to the other." Now what I would suggest would be, not as Mr. Muntz would do, take from one scale, viz„ docking off one-third of the silver from a shilling, but I would adept a new impe rial pint, the capacity of which should be one third larger than the present one, and that there should be the same number of pints as in the present imperial bushel, it is very clear that the new bushel would be one-third larger than the present one; now, accordi ng t o M r . Muntz, a little shilling is as good as a large shilling ; the only thing necessary bei ng th a t it s h a ll b e a shilling by name—no matter about its pondero sity. Now, my new measure will still be a bushel; and as it will still be a bushel, no matter as to its capacity, this very simple alteration I feel perfectly satisfied will insure the corn-grower 7s. 6d. per bushel tbr his wheat, even against all free trade in corn, Leaguers and else. Both coins and bushels are measures—the former of ponderosity, the latter of capacity ; therefore, if there be any truth in the assertion of " Junius," it matters not whether we take one third from the coin or add one-third to the . bushel. Don't hint one word about my having an intention:to make a spec. before-hand in the pur- • chase of tithe-rent charges—neither does Mr. Muntz say one word that his proposition amounts to paying off all old debts at 13s. 4d. in the pound. No one scarcely thinks now-a-days for him self as to what are the common principles and operations of money; therefore, they are the more easily gulled. People little thi n k t h at t h e alteration in the weight or coins would make no i difference whatever in re g a r d t o a ll contracts ( made and entered after the issue of a new light. coin, as all agreements would be made on the' foot of the new measure of the coin ; but when old contracts are to be discharged in the tale of the new light coin, it amounts neither more nor less than to a diabolical robbery.—Yours, &c., GORDIUS. Ilfracombe, January 4,1844. LITERATURE. HISTORY OF TEN YEARS. I'art 1. Chapman and Hall, London, 1844. Who M. Louis Blanc, the author of this work, may be, or what were his means of acquiring in formation, we know not; but there is an appear ance of authenticity about his " History of Ten Years in France," so far as it has yet proceeded, and an acquaintance with the more hidden springs of political intrigue during the earlier years of the restoration of the Bourbons, that entitle his statements to attention. Hisintro duction, in particular, wherein lie alludes to the underhand plots carried on in 1815, chiefly under the auspices of the Baron de Vitrolles and Tal leyrand, to bring about the downfal of the Em peror and replace the old worn-out dynasty on the throne by the reluctant agency of Alexander, displays a minute knowledge of the political machinations of the times, which induces the supposition that the author must have had access to private documents hitherto kept jealously from the public eye. Among other interesting matters, he explains the whole circumstances of the defection of Marmont from the Emperor at the critical period when the Allies were threatening Paris; and his ex planation tends in a great degree to exculpate the Marshal, who was himself' deceived, and who gave in his adhesion to the new order of things, not of his own free will, but from the uncontrol lable force of events. In discussing the curious question, why was not Paris vigorously defended, when it had the means of resistance at its com mand, and if it had held out but two days, would have had Napoleon in person ready to march to at i rhi t hri s ne(ri t i issistan ce with the collected remnants of his resistance, iors : uta l ar cyc ß eo,d l i a steib i eel tylided toei were ewt a re i te i l d i.‘eve :l c ' at e alripy t ei l n f ot i at n .l a k 1 1 theluopsiutomlll3ii Imperial offer t r sway, which kept them a state of humiliating thraldom, and looked forward to the restoration of the Bourbons as the triumph of their own selfish interests. To this influential party our author boldly.asserts that the Emperor's downfal must be ascribed. They and they only—for the rest of France was sullen and apathetic—secured the throne for Louis the Eighteenth ; and they would willingly have submitted to many of the en croachments of his successor, had he not, by violating the Charter, proposed to reduce th em i to the same state of politicalinsignificance in which they lived during the whole period of the Empire. From that moment they resolved to keep no terms with him ; and, making common cause with the .masses, whom at heart they dis trusted and despised, they effected that revo- . lution which placed the c rown on the head of Louis Philippe, and which, owing to their stead fast allegiance, lie still retains, despite the fre quent murmurs of the inflammable populace, and the emeutes of the small, but energetic Republican party. M. Blanc, though he affects to write with candour and moderation, is clearly a bitter enemy to this triumphant bour geoisie. But his hostility is without just cause, for the steady advance in political power of the middle —or, as he sneeringly calls them, the trading—classes, is the necessary results of the various movements that have taken place in France since the assembling of the Tiers Etat in 1789. When absolute monarchy was annihilated, and feudal privileges abolished, it became an inevitable consequence that an indus trious, intelligent middle class, should spring up from the ruins of the old regime; and, notwith standing the temporary check that this class sus tained under Napoleon, who dreaded its political sagacity even more than the swords of the Allies, it was evident that it must, in the long run, prove too powerful for the Emperor. Throughout Europe, the tendency of the bourgeoisie—or in dustrious middle class—is slowly, but surely, to extend the range of its influence, to the gra dual weakening of all monarchical and aristocratic influences. In England it has wrested a Reform Bill from a reluctant oligarchy ; in Spain it is sturdily fighting the battle of the Constitution with every prospect of eventual success; in France it is all powerful under the shrewd sway of Louis Philippe; in Prussia it has wrung concessions of no ordinary value from Royalty ; and the day is not far distant when Austria and Russia will both be compelled to listen with deference to its just and enlightened councils. In a word, the march of the bourgeoisie is the march of • common sense, of industry, of toleration, of equitable principles of legislation throughout Europe ; and lie must indeed be a short sighted patriot . .. who can contemplate this march with any other feelings than those of satisfaction. But M. Blanc is an anti-middle class man—that is to say, a man of the people. Well, let him look to America, and see there what mob-rule has done for government! Minis ters of State afraid to speak out their own con victions—freedom reduced to a mere question of colour, bestowed in rank abundance on the whites, scornfully withheld from the blacks— national faith and justice laughed to scorn as things of no account—such are among the re sults of exclusively popular sway in America, which our author, nevertheless, would gladly see extended to France. Having pointed out the besetting defect in M. Blanc's work, we may observe in fairness to him, that many of his statements are deeply interesting ; and that he writes in a light, lively, and picturesque style, throwing many of his more stirring inci dents into quite a dramatic form, that cannot fail to rivet attention. Of' the abilities of Talleyrand, we perceive that he speaks with infinite con tempt; but the statesman who kept his head on his shoulders through so many violent political changes as he witnessed, and took a conspicuous share in, has taken it out of the power of any writer justly to impugn his consummate sagacity and far-sightedness. As a specimen of the pe culiar spirit that pervades M. Blanc's History, we subjoin his reflections on the capitulation o r Paris in 1814 : "What followed is well known ; and where is the THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, JANUARY 5. French soul from which such a recollection could ever be effaced ? It is notorious that the 6th corps, amounting barely to 5000 men, defended Paris with amazing heroism,—Paris, the heart and brain of the world. It is notorious that Marmont had his hat and his clothes pierced with balls in leading the bayonet charge against the enemy, who had already invaded the high street of Belleville. But King Joseph had already authorised Marshals Mortier and Marmont to capitulate; and that same evening, towards five o'clock, the programme of the funeral of the empire was drawn up in a paltry village inn of La Valette. A fact less known is, that on returning to his hotel, and before the ratification of the fatal convention, of which the basis hail just been laid down, the Duc de Raguse re mained for some time in a state of torturing hesita tion. Now, who was it that put an end to that hesi tation ? Representatives of the banking and high commercial interests. I make no accusation here against M. Jacques Laffitte. Histofy owes him the justice of declaring that on the very morrow after tLes restoration he mounted the breach on Which he remained for fifteen years ; but, after all, M. Laffitte had the misfortune, on the evening of the 30th of March, 1814, to accompany M. Perregaux to the Due de Raguse's—he had the misfortune to appear in that green-room where the heart of Marmont opened to the exhortations of a panic-stricken bourgeoise. Thus it was that the foreigners entered Paris. That the capital would have been capable of holding out against a long siege is, I admit, exceedingly doubtful ; but what was requisite to save the fortunes of France ? To resist two days longer : for on the evening of the battle the enemy, separated from his parks, had ex hausted his ammunition, and the Emperor was ap proaching. Unfortunately—and I insistion this point —the downfal of Napoleon had been prepared in 'faris long before hand. The people of the faubourgs had vainly cried " To arms ! "—the men who then oc cupied the political stage had muskets without cart ridges distributed at the Hotel de Ville, and cart ridges without muskets at the Place de la Revolution. Napoleon, who was so fond of the people in uniform, abhorred the people in smock-frocks—and for this he was cruelly punished. He had against him, in 1814, the bourgeoisie, which was all powerful, and for him the population of the faubourgs, which was powerless. He fell because he had not chosen to be the right arm of the democracy. The French troops had re ceived orders on the evening of the 30th of March to fall back on the Chateau d'Eau ; thence they were directed to the Barriere d'Enfer. When the roll was called at midnight, the number present amounted to 1,800 men ! How should it have been possible for this handful of soldiers, left to themselves, to hold in check the innumerable multitude of the assailants ? The civilians of Paris should then have armed for the defence of their homes ? Nothing of the sort was done. Men in their shirt-sleeves, men in rags, these were they who sh owe d th emse l ves rea dy t o fight, to die —and these men had nothing to defend ! But the bankers, the manufacturers, the shopkeepers, the notaries, the proprietors of houses, these were the men that applauded the entry of the allies. Yes—and my face burns as I write this, for, after all, it is of my country I am speaking—yes, small was the number of those among the bourgeoisie who thought then only of grasping the sword. Subsequently, lam aware, the bravery of the National Guard, in 1814, has been extolled in pompous terms. The hill of Montmartre has been made the theatre of immortal deeds ; the bar rier of Clichy has furnished a moving theme for the painter. But history, which soars above the lies of party, and judges nations consigned to eternal sleep; history will tell that in 1814 Paris would not defend itself ; that the National Guard, with the exception of some brave hearts, did not do its duty ; that the bourgeoisie lastly, all but a small number of gallant schoolboys, and of citizens devoted to their country, although wealthy, welcomed the invaders withopen arms.' SUICIDE THROUGH DISTRESS. VOTE or CENSURE BY A JURY.—Yesterday morning, at tan o'clock, an inquest was taken before Mr. G. Mills, Deputy- Coroner, at the Grey-hound, New Compton-street, Soho, on view of the body of Jonathan Butler, aged 44, a tailor, who committed suicide. It was proved in evidence, that the deceased, who, with his wife and six children, lodged at 17, Phoenix-street, Soho, got up on the morning of Tuesday last, and hung himself, but was but down before quite dead by Mr. Hingwell, his landlord, who immediately sent for Mr. Cooper, surgeon, Moor-street, and that gentleman said he would be on the spot in a few minutes; but not coming fur some time, Hingwell sent again, and the reply was as before. Having waited fully twenty minutes, Mr. Marshall, surgeon, of the same street, was called in, and he failed in restoring animation, remarking that if he bad been sent for sooner the man's life might have been saved. It was shown that the deceased and his family were in great distress ; he could only get police work, and earned less than eight shillings a week, with eight mouths to feed and backs to cover. A good deal of indignation was expressed by the jury at the conduct of Mr. Cooper, and that gentleman was sent for. He said, when the first message arrived he was dressing up stairs, and that he had desired the messenger to obtain other aid, as it would be some time before be could attend. This statement was immediately denied by several witnesses. Mr. Addams (the foreman) then observed, that Mr. Cooper's explanation had but confirmed the opinion entertained by him previously. He would ask Mr. Cooper whether, as an act of humanity, it was not his duty to have hastened with all speed, like Mr. Marshall, to render his assistance. Had he done so, the life of a fellow-creature would most probably have been preserved. He (the foreman) was not disposed to compromise such facts, and he should, therefore, recommend his brother jurymen, by a show of hands, to manifest their alshorrenee of such unfeeling proceedings. The jury assented to the proposition, and unanimously held up their hands. Mr. Cooper, with considerable emphasis, replied. The jury found, " That the deceased hung himself, being at the time in a state of mental derangement." playbill of the Haymarket p an t om i me :—" The public is re - We copy the followin g cap it a l jeu d' esprit from the render the manager liable t o t h e spectfally informed that th e li tt l e d og m entioned in the original story, has been omitted, fo r f ear th e a nimal's attraction might pena lties of the 2d and 3d of Victoria, cap. 47, sec. 56, by w hi c h i t i s enacted, that no person within the districts of the Metropolitan police, shall " use any dog for the purpose of drawing or helping to draw," &c. &c. ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OFAENGLAND.-- It is the intention of the Council of the Royal Agricultural Society to give premiums of 50 guineas each for the best prize essays during the present year, on the agriculture of Norfolk, Cheshire, Essex, and Wiltshire. ANTI-ROOK LEAGUE.—A meeting was held in the Council Chamber, Dumfries, on Wednesday, to declare war to the knif e aga i ns t t he poor crows of Nithsdale. The attendance is said to have been great. Some farmers said it cost them 101. yearly to herd their crops ; others, that the crows did them 101. of damage ; others computed the damage at 10,0001 . from crow dep re d a ti ons I A Committee was appointed to wait upon the proprietors of rookeries, requesting them to check the in crease of crows—a request which, we doubt not, the lairds of Dumfries-shire will at once accede to after the recent mag nanimous anti-rabbit speech of Sir Robert Peel. A subscrip tion in aid of the object of the meeting was entered into, when the subscribers generally gave 2s. 6d. each.—Galloway Iteyister. The Toulouse journals of Saturday remark that that town had been for 18 days in a continued fog, while Mar seilles and its environs had enjoyed an equal duration of fine clear weather. Tit E GREEN ACRE TRAGEDY.—Sarah Gale, the com panion of the notorious Greenaere, and who, for the robbery on his unfortunate victim, was sentenced to transportation, is liv ing at Port Philip as assistant in a confectioner's shop. She is described by a person who recently saw her in that colony as having regained her health and looking very comely ; her hag gard appearance at her trial showing the relics of a countenance of considerable prior attractions. THE MUD PAVEMENTS.—The authorities of St. Marylebone have given notice to the inhabitants, that, if the Local Act of Parliament is not complied with as far as regards the cleansing of the foot pavements every morning, the penalty for neglect to do so will be enforced. UNIVERSITY AND CLERICAL INTELLIGENCE..--OX FORD, JAN. 3.—HAMPDEN, APPELLANT, V. M.ACMIPLLEN. —The delegates in congregation met this day at one o'clock, when the Master of University College, the Chairman, l pronounced the judgment of the Court. — That the amend ed was wrongly admitted, the delegates being of opi nion that there were no allegations en the face of the libel on which an' legal duty was grounded, for the breach of which an action on the case for damages would lie; they, therefore, reversed the judgment of the assessor in the Court below, and ordered the amended libel to be dismissed, ,s of f ave notice of further pro buth parties. Mr. Cary, d h e i e g i h s e io r n of the C our t h as a ff or d e d Court—that of the dele l‘onir. the ta except to the T rac t ar i an party. he, except M a j esty ' s nep h ew, p cm ar u t ll o e f n A p i a r y . in A g iac th m e u e ll o e s n t g ee a e te d s in i g n s, c h on y v a o n cat a i izal i to le a the a h , i i g i l j r 3 es ( t z s u a l t: E sf N act D ion ols he A r G e Pi ince Edward of Saxe Weimar, with the Rev. Canon Wood and his amiable bride, spent the Christmas with her Majesty. Her Majesty, with her usual liberality, has been dispensing her seasonable benevolence to an immense number of poor families in the vicinity of Witley Court, and in several in stances she has personally relieved the wants af the indigent and distressed at their humble dwellings.— Worcester Citron. FATAL ACCIDENT ON THE RlVER.—yesterday af ternoon, as the barge Mary Anne was coming up with the title, he trily laden with coals, and with only one lighterman, named William Gibson, on board of her, she ran foul of a ti er o f simi lar barges moored in the river, nearly opposite to Somerset wharf, and the collision was so violent as to throw him over board. No immediate assistance was at hand, and conse quently the poor man, who has left a very large family, was lost. It is a singular fact, that notwithstandin g every effort cf the river police, accidents are continually occurring in this particular part of the river. RAILWAY FARES.—NOTTINGAM, DERBY, AND LEICESTER.—An alteration in the mode of eharging the rail way fares between Nottingham , Derby, and Leicester, of a very advantageous kind for persons having occasion to pass between those towns and return the same day, has just been made by the Midland Counties Railway Company. The abatement in the amount of the two fares for going and returning is about one-third of the usual c harge.—Derby Reporter. TIIE. CAMERONIANS.—On Saturday forenoon many af our citizens were attracted and delighted by a drill of the gal:ant 26th Regiment, new in the Castle. The whole corps, with the exception of those on duty, were marched by their thstinguishe.l commander, Colonel Moun tain, C. 11., from t h e garri , on to Queen's Park, and from thence to the Hunter's Bog. Here the regiment piled arms; and were then marched to the top of Arthur's Seat, where, at the suggestion of the Gallant Colonel, they gave " Three Cheers for Auld Reekie." They were then marched over the hill to the verge of Duddingstone Loch, and homeward by Sampson's Ribs, and along the " Radical-road," to the north end of the valley, where having resumed their arms, they returned to the Castle.—Edinburgh Paper. EXTRAORDINARY ACCIDENT.—On Saturday last, as a young man named Isaac Briddon, in the employ of Mr. Redfern, carrier, was proceeding from Bakewell to Cromford, with two single horse carts. when he got to Matlock-bridge he endeavoured to untie the halter that fastened the hinder horse to the front cart, and accidentally got his thumb entangled in the halter, when the leading horse made a sudden turn, and the rope pulled his thumb quite off —Derby Reporter. 1844. MANCHESTER AND LEEDS RAIL WAY. (From the Manchester Guardian.) OPENING OF THE LEEDS EXTENSION LINE TO HUNT'S BANK AND THE VIC TORIA STATION. On Monday last, New Year's Day, the extension line of the Manchester and Leeds Railway, from Collyhurst to the New Victoria Station, at Hunt's Bank, was opened, as announced in our last, the first train from the station starting at seven o'clock in the morning. There was no public celebration, the train taking its departure in the ordinary way, amidst the cheers of those assembled. The station is the largest in this, or, perhaps, any other part of the kingdom, possessing a larger covered area than even the Derby station. Being the joint and central sta tion connecting the uninterrupted railway com munication between th e grea t sea p or t s o f Liver pool and Hull, it will unite in a line of the most accessible communication four of the largest towns in the north of England— Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, and Hull; and thus bring the German Ocean and the Irish Sea within a few hours' distance of each other—while it also links to this great chain of railway communica tion the important towns and places of Bolton, Old ham, Middleton, Rochdale, Huddersfield, Bradford, Halifax, Selby, and York—and gives access, by means of its junction with the North Midland and York and North Midland Railways, to almost every ' other great line of railroad in the kingdom, north and south. We think, therefore, that a description of the Leeds Extension Line and the Victoria Station, al though to some extent they have been previously no ticed in our columns, cannot fail to be interesting to many of our readers. We omit all notice, in the present article, of the junction or extension line of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway from Ordsall Lane to Hunt's Bank (through Salford) ; because, although it is in a tolerably forward state, it is net by any means completed ; and when this portion of the con nection is opened (which is expected to be " in all March"), that will be the fittest time to notice the works of that part of the junction : THE LEEDS EXTENSION LINE IN MANCHESTER. The Manchester and Leeds Extension Line com mences at some distance to the east of the late tem porary station in Oldham Road (now the goods sta tion), viz. :—Near Ryder's Mill, a little to the north east of Collyhurst Lane, which the railway crosses by a bridge. For nearly 500 yards up to the goods sta tion, the original line and the extension line run nearly parallel ; the latter being a short distance to the north of the former, and both passing over land, the whole of which is the property of the Company. The extension line, where it leaves the main line, commences on an embankment of about 14 feet, which is gradually reduced till it reaches the surface of the ground, on which it continues through the greater part of the Company's land. On quitting this land after proceeding to the north of the engine -house, it passes the north end of Cropper and Back Cropper streets (which streets are carried over the railway), and under St. George's-road (near Buckley-street, the road being raised about five feet for this purpose. The road is carried over the railway by a neat bridge, with stone facings and iron girders, 191 feet in length. It then proceeds, in excavation, with retain ing walls (as near Euston-square, London), through or near the end of several small and ill- defined streets of cottages, lying to the north of St. George's-road, till it reaches a point a little north of Nelson-street. It next passes on an embankment of a few feet, over some vacant land, to Lower Tebbutt-street, and there commences a viaduct, on the east side of that street; the line being carried over it by an iron bridge. On this viaduct it continues to Bromley-street, which it crosses a little to the north of the Manchester Gas works. It next crosses over Parker-street, Back Irk street, Ashley-lane, adjoining the burial-ground, and Blakeley-street (over the last-named street by means of a large iron-bridge), and thence, still by a viaduct, over several small streets, till it reaches a bend of the river Irk, east of Scotland-bridge, which it crosses twice, by skew arches, at an elevation of about 3.5 feet, so as to leave ample passage for the river when flooded. Thence the line is carried over Long Millgate, which is spanned by an iron bridge in the direction of Mill-hill, a little south of Scotland-bridge. It then proceeds close to the south side of the old Town's Mill, and crosses the Irk a third time, at an elevation of about 35 feet, and nearly at right angles, and thence proceeds, still on arches, to within a short distance of York-street, Cheetham Hill ; being a distance, on arches, of 670 yards. The number of arches in this viaduct, including those of the bridges, is 38. These arches, of course, vary, both in height and span, with the nature of the ground and the width of the streets passed over ; the extreme height being 35 feet, and the average height about 28 feet. The principal bridges on this line are those at Long Millgate, New Blakeley-street, Lower Tehbutt street, St. George's-road, and Cropper-street, all of which are of iron. The line proceeds to York-street, Cheetham Hill, beneath which it passes, about six teen feet below the level of the street, a little above the entrance to the burial ground, near Ducie Bridge. Here it takes the line of the division wall between the burial ground and the premises of the Manchester workhouse, and so arrives at the proposed station of the Company in Hunt's Bank, just below the garden of the workhouse, and near the confluence of the Irk and the Irwell. IVith respect to the gradients, we may state that, on its leaving the main line near Collyhurst Lane, it descends at an inclination of 1 in 49, to where it crosses St. George's-road. Thence to York-street, the descent is continued at an inclination of 1 in 60 ; and, from that point to the terminus at the Hunt's Bank Station, it will ascend at an inclination of 1 in 132. This ascent to the station possesses the advan tages of enabling the trains arriving to ascend it solely by the impetus obtained by their descending the plane of 1 in 60, which will carry them up to the station, and gently stop them there, almost without needing the application of the brake ; strong buffers, however, are provided, at the extreme end of the ar rival line. The departing trains descend this incline of 1 in 132 of themselves, without the aid of horse or other power, till they reach the endless rope at York street, where they are attached, and are thence drawn to the junction of the extension with the main line, near Collyhurst Lane. The endless rope is of iron wire, combined in a number of strands, and for which the in ventor, Mr. Newall, obtained a patent. There are two stationary engines, or, more correctly, a double sta tionary engine, of 240 horses' power, placed near the junction with the main line, at Collyhurst. The signal to these engines to work the endless rope is given from the York-street bridge, by the telegraph, which we shall notice hereafter. The extension line has two curves in it ; both of which, however, are of so large a radius, as to be wholly unobjectionable. The entire length of the Manchester and Leeds cx tion line is 2,320 yards. That of the Liverpool and Manchester Junction, from Ordsall Lane to hunt's Bank will be about 1,790 yards ; so that the entire length of the junction lines from Collyhurst to Ordsall Lane will be nearly two miles and a third. We do not know the exact cost of the Leeds extension, but presume that it will not much exceed 180,0001. In connection with it we may mention, that parties con nected with both the Manchester Workhouse and the Town's (or Grammar School) Mill have applied to have communications with the railway near those establishments. To the latter the advantage of the railway passing it is very great, as the grain required, whether from Liverpool or Yorkshire, can thus be deposited at its gates without any loss of time or cost for carting, &c. We believe, that in compliance with the request of the Committee of the Town's Mill, a siding is to be laid from the line into the yard of the mill, so that waggons of grain from either Liverpool or hull can be run direct into the mill. Gates have been erected, and a similar siding is to be made from the line to the Manchester Workhouse yard. THE VICTORIA STATION is approached from Hunt's Bank, by an inclined plane, like those of the Manchester and Birmingham and Liverpool and Manchester stations, in Man chester. This road commences at the Irk, just above its confluence with the Irwell, and below the court yard wall of the Cheetham College. To give it greater width, the bridge oval. the Irk has been considerably widened ; and the road, which rises 1 in 20, is 50 feet in width, the carriage -way being 34 feet, and the flagged footpaths each eight feet wide. The ascent has been much facilitated by the late Manchester Police Commissioners having raised Great Ducie street and Hunt's Bank, to the extent of four feet above their former level. On arriving at the level of the railway, which is about the centre of the edifice now being erected for the booking offices, refreshment and waiting-rooms, &c., the passengers for the Leeds line proceed forward in an easterly direction on the level (towards York-street, Cheetham Hill Itoad), to the easterly or higher and further wing of the building, to the booking office, and thence to the departure plat form of that line. The platforms, and of course the offices, assigned to each Company, are those nearest the direction of their respective lines—the Liverpool being to the W., and the Leeds to the E., of the centre of the station-house. The line of demarcation between the stations of the two Companies is very distinctly marked on the rails, by double lines of turn-tables, nearly adjoining; the one being the limit of the Leeds, and the other that of the Liver pool, Company's station, and each set of the tables being for the respective Companies to pass off their spare carriages to the sidings, outside the north boundary wall. We may just notice here, that the engines of the Liverpool trains will not come forward to the station, but will cast off upon nearing the bridges over the Irwell and Ducie-street, and then, from the rear, push the train forward over the bridge with sufficient impetus to send it to its destination, while the engine returns. There are to be four lines of rails over the Ducie-street Bridge. The station, by which we mewl the lines with their sidings, turn gables, and arrival and departure pltit , forms far both Companies, is, we believe, the largest in England, surpassing evm the at Derby in point o extent. It covers a distance from 111frit'; Bank to the Ducie Bridge of 852 feet, with an average width of 130 feet; having five main lines of rails from end to end, three of which are appropriated for the main lines, and two are sidings. In addition to this there are other sidings, which may hereafter be used for goods ; and the departure lines for the two railways are also sidings, on the south side of the other rails. To the length of 700 feet from Great Duck-street, the station is covered in with an iron roofing, erected In three compartments, the centre one being 59 feet 6 inches span; that on the north side, 28 feet; and that on the south side, 26 feet 3 inches. This roofing, with a length of 700 feet, and an entire width of about 114 feet, forms the largest extent of railway rooting in the kingdom, being little short of 80,000 square feet of iron roofing. This immense roof is supported by the north boundary wall of the station, and by a number of iron columns : and the south side is pro tected by a similar wall, forming also a retaining wall for the approach road from Hunt's Bank. The walls bounding this approach road are surmounted by orna mental cast-iron railing, instead of stone parapets. The coup d'ced of this splendid avenue, viewed from either end, is very striking. The interior of the roof is not left bare, as in some railway stations; but be neath the slates the whole has been neatly boarded, and the joints of the boards covered with johs, so that in no case can wet penetrate into the tion, while its appearance is much improved by this wooden ceiling. During the duy, the station is well lighted by skylights in the roof; and during the night, by a series of gas lamps, fitted with burners for the new light, formed by a radiating combination of the flat flame burners, invented by Messrs. Hall, of King-street: The skylights are glazed with Chance's patent glass, which is a strong, thick, and cheap glass, in panes of about four feet in length by one in width, two of which in length include the extent of the skylights from the ridge downwards. We understand that Mr. Hall's gas-lights were adopted after various experi ments with different arrangements of burners, it being believed that they possessed the great es t illu minating power from the same quantity of gas. They consist of a number of radiating tubes, like the spokes of a carriage -wheel, perforated with orifices for the flat flame burners. Of these lights there a:e fifteen within the covered station, a large one opposite each booking-office, and several others round the boundary wall down to Hunt's Bank. Connected with them is an arrangement of the utmost impor tance for such establishments as railways. One central tap at the station regulates and adjusts all the lights there, both along the railway and approaches, and also within the several booking-offices, waiting and refreshment rooms. When 'a train is arriving or de parting, the fullest illuminating power is required and used; but, in the intervals betweeirthat and the next departure or arrival, the smallest modicum of light is sufficient, and a single turn of the tap will reduce all the lights to any required degree. This will of course be the means of considerable saving in the consump tion of gas. . . All the arrival and departure platforms are, as at Derby, on the same side of the rails; viz. on the south side, or that nearest the approach ; so that there is no necessity to cross the line. The arrival platform for the Liverpool line is between the station-house and Ducie-street, and to this there is a covered way for carriages; one-half of the southerly roof projecting over the arrival platform, so as to protect the passengers effectually from the weather in getting in and out of the carriages. The platforms are very large and convenient. That in front of the building is 24 feet wide (of which each Company occupies half), and this is continued towards Liver pool, past the west end of the building, to the length of 184 feet, by 12 wide; being, in fact, a con tinuation of the Liverpool departure platform. To wards Leeds the platform is continued for 120 feet, by 12 feet wide ; being also a continuation of the Leeds departure platform. The length of each de parture platform is about 320 feet. The total length of the several arrival and departure platforms exceeds a thousand lineal feet. At each end of the station (that for the Leeds line is a little beyond the Leeds arrival platform) is a place where horses and carriages, for conveyance by railway, going to or arriving from the east or west, may be embarked or landed on the level, with every facility ; and near, are series of turn tables into the sidings, which are on the north side of the main lines. On that side of the station these is also to be a large covered shed, to and from which the sidings will convey spare carriages. There will still be some spare ground there for building warehouses, it necessary. The arriving passengers who prefer walking to their destination, instead of going along the approach road, to Hunt's Bank, may descend a flight of steps near the line, which saves the detour into Great Ducie street. Connected with the station, we must notice a very ingenious and useful apparatus,— THE TELEGRAPH. The Directors of the Leeds fine have caused to be put up Messrs. Cooke and Wheatstone's patent elec tric telegraph, extending from the Victoria station to the top of the extension, at its junction with the main line at Collyhurst. A set of four iron wires (coated with zinc, to preserve them from rust) extend from beneath the York-street Bridge (Ducie Bridge) to the Collyhurst station, and connected with them are four copper wires, extending under ground from the York street Bridge to the offices of the Victoria station. There are three telegraph stations, viz., at the Vic toria station, beneath the York -street Bridge, and at the stationary engines, near the top of the extension line, Collyhurst, at each of which is an apparatus, consisting of a dial with all the letters of the alpha bet, a pointer, and a handle for moving it, so as to point to any letter. The uses of the telegraph, as at present in contemplation, will be threefold-Ist. To give the signal, from York-street, when the train is attached to the endless rope, to the fixed engine to commence drawing the train up the incline ; and also to communicate from the junction to the York-street Bridge, when a train is arriving. 2d. To communicate from the Victoria station to the locomotive engine-house, so as to specify whether any and what engines are wanted, &c.-3d. Generally to communicate intelligence and directions between the Victoria station and the junction with the main line. The zinc-coated iron wires are carried along the parapet-wall of the rail way above ground, all the way from York-street Bridge to the summit of the extension line. One wire only is required for the signals to the stationary en gines, and the other three are for general communi cations. These wires, at each point of support, rest upon earthenware uprights, which are non-con ductors. They pass round pivots, so that they can be tightened, if they become too slack. It will, doubt less, be necessary to have a code of signals prepared, expressly for railway purposes, as the ordinary method of communicating—spelling the words, by making the pointer touch each letter in succession— would obviously be too tedious a mode for the short distance of 2,300 yards. If each letter singly repre sents a certain signal or direction, those most con stantly in use, then combinations of two letters would supply all the less frequent signals that could possibly he required, were they many thousands in number.— We must now notice THE STATION-HOUSE, which is placed on the centre of the south side of the station, and has two fronts ; the north to the railway and the south to the carriage way on the approach, and facing also the hack of Ch ee th am College. This hand some building, designed in what is termed the Roman Doric style, is only one story in height above the ground, and is about 266 feet long by 36 feet in width. The material used in its erection is a description of wall stone, much used in the West Riding of Youk shire, though we believe this is the first instance of its use for building in this town or neighbourhood. It is procured at Brighouse, and is usually called " parr point" (pierre-point); it is, in fact, a flagstone, broken into small blocks, which are of uniform and good co lour. The westerly half of this building, and indeed of the whole station, will be occupied by the Liverpool and Manchester Railway Company ; the other half, to the east, is now in use by the Manchester and Leeds Railway Company. Approaching the south front of the station by the inclined plane, the visitor finds him self opposite its centre, which projects a little from the line of the building, and in which is the refreshment saloon for the first and second class passengers, with ladies' waiting-rooms, &c. This centre presents a frontage of about 60 feet ; the refreshment saloon is lighted by handsome circular headed windows, with stone pilasters and dressings, and surmounted by an elegant cornice, about the centre of which is to be placed a large clock. To the right and left respect ively are the booking-offices of the two Companies, having entrances under a covered way, supported by brackets nine feet six inches long. 'The substitution of these four pillars is an improvement in convenience as pillars are often in the way of the doors of cabs or coaches drawing up, while these brackets leave the whole of the covered way clear. At the east and west ends of the building are the offices and the resi dences of the station masters, which project to the same face as the central portion of the building, with handsome doorways and cornices to correspond. A parapet surmounts the whole length of the building. At the extreme east end of the building is the private residence of Mr. Hall, the station master of the Leeds Company ; it being thought desirable on every ac count to have some officer of trust resident on the station. his business office adjoins, having a window commanding a view of the line to the York-street bridge, so that he may see arriving and departing trains. Internally, the large central refreshment room is of the dimensions of 40ft. Sin. by 22ft. 2in. It con tains also a space for a bar, &c., 40ft. Sin. by lift. Sin. This room will have two entrance-doors, both from the railway platform ; one for the Liverpool, and the other for th e L ee d s p assengers . Thi s sa loon . for the first and second-class passengers, only. A door at each end opens into the ladies' waiting-rooms, ke.., that at the east end for the Leeds passengers , and that at the west for the Livtrpool passengers. These waiting rooms have also doors of egress direct to the railway platform. The saloon itself will be the gentlemen's waiting-room. This room is lighted b r two handsome candelabra, fitted up with Mr. hail g .IiRW and brilliant gas-nghts. Adjoining the bar, and connected with it, is a small room fitted with boiler, &c , to contain anything required for immediate use. Below the booking-offices, on the basement story, is a large coffee-room and chop house of similar dimensions, approached by some steps from the railway platform. It is fitted up on the London plan, and bells are placed in it so as to indicate the starting trains to the guests, who, as they dine, may see the bell ringing for the Leeds, Oldham, or Liverpool train, as the case may be. Adjoining it, on the same (basement) story, are va rious kitchens, fitted up with cooking apparatus, hot hearths, ovens, as well as the sculleries, pantries, wine and spirit cellars, ale and porter stores, &c. We un; derstand that the whole of the establishment for pro viding refreshments, including both the refreshment saloon, the coffee room, and all the kitchens. &c., has been taken by Mr. Vantini, the proprietor of the Euston-square Hotel, at the Birmingha m Railwa y terminus, in London, and of the North Euston Hotel, Fleetwood. Mr. Vantini has also taken the New Palatine Hotel, adjoining the railway station ; and both it and the railway establishment here are to be placed under the entire superintendenoe and ma nagement of his partner, Mr. Maurighey, late the manager at Mivart's Hotel. Superior cooks, baker, brewer, &c. are engaged, and the establishment is to be in the first style of elegance and comfort. Between the upper refreshment-room and the wings, are the large and convenient booking-offices; there being two for the Leeds Railway Company, viz. one of 50ft. lin. by 22ft. 9in. for the first and second class passengers. This division is made with a view to separate all the passengers as nearly as possible into two equal portions, so as to facilitate the booking, the press• of which is always great in the last few minutes; and there being more third-class passengers on this line than of the other two classes together. The clerks' office is one large room ; but the booking windows are on opposite sides. Between the hooking offices and the parcel offices, which adjoin on each side, there is a waiting lobby, and other conveniences for second or third-class passengers. Amongst these is a separate waiting-room for third-class female pas sengers. Beneath Mr. Hall's house, in the basement story, are rooms for the porters, in which to wait and take their meals, during the hours of attendance mt the station. GENEIIAL PASLEY'S INSPECTION. On Friday morning last, Major-General Pasley, the Government Inspecter of Railways, was met at the Victoria station by Messrs. Henry Houldsworth, Chairman of the Board of Directors, Robert Gill, Managing Director, William E!twistle, Deputy Chairman, and Gooch, the principal Engineer of the Company, for ttAf t , purpose of inspecting the ex tension line, pri e r Wits opening. A special train was provided, consisting of an engine and tender and two carriages, which, although they have been in use on the line for some months, we believe have not yet been fully described. We may, therefore, briefly advert to their construction here. Both these car riages are constructed from designs of Mr. H. Houlds worth, and are intended chiefly for summer use. The Tourist forms one apartment, with Et high dais occu pying the centre third of the floor from end to end. On this dais are placed at intervals two seats, backed by others, in all 16 on the dais. On the lower floor there are five seats on each side, which turn up, And then leave a passage all round. Four other seats ate in the corners, making a total of 14 on the lower floor, the occupants of which, wherueated, do not at all ob struct the view of those seated on the dais. The car riage is thus capable of containing 30 passengers. Besides the windows at the side, there are wooden slides in the covering of the roof, which, when drawn down, open wire-gauze ventilators, which let in the air, without admitting those draughts which are some times so injurious in the second-class carriages. For this application of wire-gauze we believes patent has been obtained. The dais is fitted up with carpets, &c. ; and each end of the Tourist is lined with looking glass, and has small ventilators for winter use. The other carriage, named the Gondola, is somewhat dif ferent in construction. It has open ends, like " stand ups," from which doors open into a small but elegant saloon, each side of which is occupied by a sofa, covered with crimson velvet, and capable of seating six persons. There is a let-down seat within each door, so that this little centre will seat a party of 14, who may have greater freedom of movement than in the ordinary railway carriages, and may, from time to time, walk out into the air, either in front or rear of the saloon. In this carriage, we believe, General Pasley and the Directors, and gentlemen we have named, proceeded at ten o'clock on Friday morning from the Victoria station to the top of the extension line, whence the General walked back to the station, not on the rails, but under the arches of the viaduct, inspecting them as to solidity, &c. Again ascending to the Victoria station, he there inspected all the buildings, the approaches, the turn-tables and rails, and then again proceeded, by means of a locomo tive, to the place where the stationary engines are fixed. Having inspected them, and the works of this part of the line, the General next expressed a desire to see the working of the Old!'am branch, wh!ch, as many of our readers are aware, being an incline from the main line, ascending 1 in 27, has been worked for some time by means of a counter poise, which descends a parallel line as the train ascend 3, and thus overcomes all the resistance of weight, which otherwise would render it impossible for a locomotive to draw a single carriage up the _ _ _ ..... General Pasley expressed himself very well satisfied with the solid and substantial character of the works generally, and gave the usual sanction to the Company, to open the line at any time. The extension was ac cordingly opened, as we have stated, on Monday last. All the establishment of clerks, booking-offices, por- _ ters, &c., connected with the passengers, was removed to it from the Oldham-road Station, on that day ; the Oldham-road station being still used, but for goods only; and the business offices of the Company, the secretary's offices, board room, &c., will still continue at that station, and not be removed to Hunt's Brink. There is ample convenience and accommodation at the Oldham-road station for storing large quantities of goods. The line is there carried over the streets at a considerable height; but, by means of a double hoist (one half ascending as the other de ends), easy access is obtained to the level below; tit hoist being capable of raising or lowering a waggon of goods, of from eight to ten tons' weight. The arches below the line arc admirably adapted for warehousing purposes, and the Company has also a considerable quantity of land adjoining, great part of which is laid with rails •in various directions, to facilitate the receiving and de livering of goods, loading and unloading the waggons, &c. Altogether, it is computed, the Company pos sess at the goods station not less than eight acres of land, all applicable to the purposes of the goods traffic. At and around the Victoria station, notwith standing its centrality, the Company possess no• less than about thirteen acres of land, laid out as we have de scribed, in approaches, in the line, &c., and sidings, in the various offices, arrival and departure plat forms, &c. • a part only lying between the carriage way and the river Irk, being as yet unappropriated, except that at one point, nearly opposite the centre of the station-house, a foot-bridge has been carrie from the carriage -way, across the low ground and over the river Irk, so as to give an entrance into Long Millgate, just by the end of Mr. Richard Roberts's mill, and near Todd-street. This, which may he regarded only as a temporary means of ap proach and outlet for passengers to and from that quarter of the town, is fast approaching completion If, however, a proposed improvement be carried out, which would continue the carriage-drive from Hunt' s bank, nearly in a direct line to Ducie Bridge, thus forming a very desirable junction with the Cheets ham Ilill road—the means of access from that suburb, not only to the railway, but to the Exchange, and the lower part of the town generally, would be very greatly improved. ' While mentioning proposed improvements in connexion with the extension line and the Victoria station, we may notice that the Liverpool Railway Company have liberally consented to erect a foot , bridge alongside of the railway bridge they are about to throw over the Irwell (which is to be iron, of one arch, 120 feet span) ; and the inhabitants of Greengate and Strangeways will thus be furnished with the means of free and ready communication. Another bridge over the Irwell is also contemplated, at a point opposite the Palatine Hotel. This is proposed to be a bridge both for foot passengers and carriages; and already estimates have been made of the cost (said to be about 4,0001.), towards which 3,0001., it is stated, has already been subscribed by the authorities of Manchester and Salford, and Mr. Samuel Brooks, the owner of a considerable portion of the land ad joining the river on the Salford side. These va rious improvements, if carried out, will greatly change the appearance and character of that entrance to the town, which, from being proverbially the worst, is likely to become the best and most direct road in point of convenience, and the greatest tho roughfare in point of traffic; combining, us it will, • the greater part of the carriage communication from the New Bury Road and the Cheetham Hill Road, • together with much from Salford, and the whole of the arrivals and departures by the LiverpOol and Manchester and Manchester and Leeds Railways. We understand that the distance from the station to the andManchestertobe Exchange494yards.been found The Victoria Station, though a joint one for the use the t of the two Companies , h as bee n e n tirely executed by the Leeds Company, who have beoereecid nhe e e r, s h u e i t e ap proaches, p o ma nagement p o r ffi o c a e c s h , es a , nd sc c c o . trip T lt e ecl wh tl o te le w h or a l s is f ti, hteed un l t and superintendence of Air, Gooch, the i ~~ .! f