The Sun. — London, England, 1844-01-16 00:00:00

NOUVEAU MELANGE, NARRATIF, DE SCRIPTIF, HISTORIQUE, ET LITTERAIRE, ItECUEIL CLASSIQUE, MORAL ET RELIGIEUX, DE BELLES ACTIONS, DE HAUTS FAITS, DE BONS MXEMPLES, ET DE BONNES MAXIMES, ENTRE MELES D'ANECDOTES CURIEUSES, D'AVEN TURES SIN GULIERES, DE PROVERBES, ET DE BONS MOTS. Par MARIN DE LA VOYE, Memb. de l'lnstitut Hist. et Lit. This work contains, in one volume 12mo, 400 pages, price 4s. 6d., or in six small separate volumes, the following sub jects :-1. Le Narrateur ; 2. Choix de Morceaux Francais ; 3. La Chaumiere Indienne ; 4. Atala ; 5. Les Aventures de Telemaque ; 6. Elisabeth. Every subject is preceded and followed by Questions and Explanations of various kinds. Also by the same Author, Nouvelle Recreations Francoises, 4s. 6d, , bd. Sequel to the above. New French Lexicon, being a Commercial, Nautical, NEU teri, !nil pe G c e i n m er e a n l e D o lc t to e n a liz v , e pr t te ee l Os. 6d ., b 4. works will be sent, post paid, on application to A. H. Bally and Co., publishers, Corn hill, London. THE STATE TRIALS. THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS on SATURDAY "NEXT, January 20, 1844, will contain SPLENDID ILLUSTRATIONS: —O'Connell, his Sons, and Tom Steele, on their way to the Four Courts—drawn by James Nlaheny, Esq. Also, CITY PORTRAITS :—The Lord Mayor, Town Clerk, Alderman Butt, the Recorder, Mr. APLaughlan. PORTRAITS of EMINENT LAWYERS:— Mr. Pierce Mahony, Mr. Hayes, Mr. Clements, Mr. Gart- land, and Mr. Cantwell. Interior and exterior of the MUSIC HALL, during the great aggregate meeting of the Roman Catholics of Ireland ; Signal Fires, in Ireland. Also, Statue of Wilkie ; Portrait of the Rev. W. Melvin ; Camberwell New Ciurch ; Chantrey's Statue of George IV. ; Portraits of Madame Dulcken, Bliss Rainforth, and Alr. W. Harrison ; an original tale, by Miss Camilla Toulmin, with three illustrations. With all the news of the week ; price 6d., stamped. Immediate orders should be given. Office, 198, Strand. THE NEXT DISTRIBUTION of MONEY DIVIDENDS, AUTIIORISED and GUARANTEED by HIS MAJESTY the EMPEROR of AUSTRIA, contains MONEY DIVIDENDS of £5O £6O £7O £BO £9O £lOO £llO £l2O £l5O £2OO £4OO £6OO £BOO £l,OOO £1,500 £5,000 and £23,000 sterling. Amounting together to £70,170 sterling. Direct for PROSPECTUS with full particulars, WITH. OUT DELAY, to HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBUIIGH, Or, to HEINE BROTHERS, at LUBECK. THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE. THIS EVENING, JANUARY 16, Will be repeated a New Grand Opera, in Three Acts, called THE BOHEMIAN GIRL Count Arnheim, Jr. Borrani; Thaddeus, Mr.M. Harrison; Arline, Miss Rainforth; Queen of the Gipsies, Miss Bette. After which, will be repeated a New Grand Comic Christmas Pantomime. entitled HARLEQUIN AND KING PEPIN ; or- VALENTINE AND ORSON. Harlequin, Mr. Howell; Colum, bine, Mis; Carson; Clown, Mr. T. Ridgway; Pantaloon, Mr. Blanchard. Dress Boxes 75., Second Price 3s. 6d. ; Upper Circles of Boxes 55., Second Price Se. ; Pit 3s , Second Price .2a.; Middle t'allery 25., second Price la.; Upper Gallery ls. , Second Price 6d. THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT-GARDEN. M. JULLIEN'S CONCERTS. THIS EVENING, JANUARY 16, Will be produced a New Comic Quadrille, by M. Jullien, entitled THE IRISH ECHOS : Air, Semiramide—Echo, Life let us cherish. Air, Poor Mary Ann—Echo, Nix my dolly Pals. Air, Duncan Grey—Echo, Yankee Dcodle. Air, Huntsman's Chorus—Echo, St. Patrick's Day and Rule Britannia The National Air in the Finale will be given with New and Grand Effect, in aid of which Twelve Comets-a-Piston will be added to the Orchestra. Doors Open at Half-past Seven, commence at Eight o'Clock. Promenade, Is , Upper Boxes, Is.; Dress Circle, Ys. 6d. ; Private Boxes, 11. Is. Tickets to be obtained at the Box-office of the Theatre; of Mr. Mitchell, Old Bond-street; Mr. Andrews, New t ond.street ; Mr. Sams, St. James ' s -street; and M. Jullien's O ffi ce, 3, Maddox-street, Bond-street. THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET. MK. BENJAMIN WEBSTER, LESSER RE.ENGAGEMENT OF PROFESSOR RISLEY AND HIS INFANT SON. THIS EVENING, JANUARY 16, Will be repeated the Comedy of THE MERRY WIVES OF WINDSOR. Sir John Falstaff, Mr. Strickland; Master Slender, Mr. C. Mathews ; Mr. Ford, Mr. Stuart; Mr. Page, Mr. Howe; Fenton, Mr. Caulfield ; Sir Hugh Evans, Mr. Webster; Mrs. Page, Madame Vestris ; Mrs. F ord, Mrs. Niett ; Mrs. Quickly, Mrs. Glover ; Anne Page, Miss Mattley. After which, the Unparalleled Performances ot_ Professor RISLEY and his SON. To conclude with a New Fairy Extravaganza, entitled THE FAIR ONE WITH THE GOLDEN LOCKS! King Lachrymose, Mr. J. Bland; Prince Graceful , Miss P. Horton ; Queen Lucidora, Miss Julia Bennett. Orchestra Stalls, ss. ; Boxes, Is. ; Pit, Is. ; Gallery, 25.; Upper Gallery, la. Half.price—Boxes,3s. ; Pit, 25.; Gallery, Is. Upper Gallery, 6d. Doors opened at Half.past Six, and the Performances commence at Seven. Tickets and Places to be had of Mr I. T. Archer, at the Box office, from Ten till Five. THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHI. The Best Pantomime of the Season—Gorgeous Scenery,. THIS EVENING, JANUARY 16, The New Drama, embracing Extraordinary Effects, Powerful Cast, and Novel Scenic Display, called THE BOHEMIANS ; or, The Rogues of Paris. Principal Characters by Messrs. Lyon, 0. Smith, Wright, Wieian4, Maynard, Mrs. Yates, Miss E. Stanley, Mrs. F. Matthews. After which, a New Grand Christmas Pantomime, called HAR LEQUIN BLUE BEARD; or, The Fairy of the Silver Crescent. Produced with Enormous Splendour and Wonderful Effects! Columbine, Miss Bullen ; Harlequin Quicksilver, by the inimitable Wieland; Clown, by the Grimaldi of the day, Mr. T. Matthews, fkom the Theatres Royal, Covent-garden and Drury-lane; Panta. loon, Mr. Johnstone. Boxes, 4a. ; Pit, 2s. ; Gallery, Is. ; Second price at Nine. Doors open at Six, commences at a Quarter before Seven o'Clock. PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD STREET. LEctstv.v, Mr. J. M. MADDOX. THIS EVENING, JANUARY 16, Will be perfbrmed LUCREZIA BORGIA. I)on Alphonso, Mr. Burdini ; Gennarro, Mr. Allen ; Matti° Orsini, Mrs, H. P. Grattan Gubetta, Mr. Walton ; Lucrezia Borgia, Madame Eugenia Garcia. After which, A Farce. To conclude with the New Musical Burlesque Spectacle, entitled THE MAGIC MIRROR. Sing-Song, Mrs. H. P. Grattan; Poo. Poo, Mr. Paul Bedford ; Sloe-Leaf, Miss R. Isaacs. DAVIDGE'S ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. As usual, the funniest and most successful Pantomime. THIS EVENING, JANUARY 10, Will be repeated THE BOHEMIANS OF PARIS. Supported by Messrs. Saville, Hughes, Hicks, R. Bonner, Johnson, Smith, Mrs. H. Vining, and all the Members of the First Company in the World. After which an entirely new Grand Comic Pantomime, with Splendid Scenery, Superb Dresses, Inimitable Properties and Tricks, every thing new and of the most costly description , H A RLE Q UIN GRAMMAR, or, Lindley Murray,and A E 1() U. Harlequin, Mr. W. H. Harvey ; Grotesque, Mr. Stilt •; Clown, Mr. Fuller ; Panta loon, Mr. Hawkins ; Columbines (alternately) Miss M. R. Fair. brother and Miss Sharpe. Places and Private Boxes to be had of Mr. Kerschner, at the Box office, from Eleven to Four. ROYAL VICTORIA THEATRE. THIS EVENING, JANUARY 16 Will boperft gmed an entirely New Domestic Drama, entitled POVER _; or, Mary Graham. Leonard, Mr. Freer; Jessamy Tacit, Mr. ciantz; Squire Graham, Mr. Dale; Patty Parrot, Miss Arden • Mary Graham, Miss Vincent. After which will be produced THE FAIRY LADY; or, the Cabinet of Bronze. To conclude with HARLEQUIN LINCOLN LUCKY OF LAM. BETH; or, The 'Three Sisters of Witch Willow Dell. Harlequin, Mr. Chapino ; Clown, Mr. Scarbrow ; Pantaloon, Mr. Morelli ; Columbine, Miss M. Schmidt. THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, JAN. 16. THERMOMETER, Lowest, 25 ; Highest, 34 ; Noon, 32, BAROMETER, 30.3.—Wnin, N. NOTE.—The number 32 on the Thermometer denotes the freezing point, and 55 temperate. In Barometers fair is usually placed opposite 30, and rain at 29. HIGH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE THIS DAY. Morning ... 23 minutes after 10.1 Evening ... 6 minutes after 11. ( v . .•'‘::`C,,' fit : • , .„ pa 6111 .ir. ~ , ~ ... if / ' I • i . ~•'. ILZ. ' ZO, ' ". AI FA 1,1 I . ' ': i i • 3 riskii6. 1016, ....f....;.,-...;_ , - FA .•) ,J. - C',, ' ' I , "' --.-- iir —, z ' i j °T ' NIIM' SECOND EDITION: - klu truing LONDON, TUESDAY, JANUARY 16, 1844, Never did the Crown, or what is far more true those who wield the powers of the Crown, go to a jury under circumstances, such as usher in the now pending trial. Never did Crown prose cutors, armed with all the power and authority which belong to official prosecutions, contrive, first of all, to place the parties prosecuted in such an unfavourable position, as regards themselves, their privileges, their chance of justification, and all those important requirements which the accused ought to possess, without claim, and as matters of absolute right. And never did Crown prosecutors place themselves in such a position, as the Irish law-officers have assumed, upon the present occasion ; a position unpa ralleled in English history, in the history of Midi judicature, and in the annals of every tribunal of the whole world. For, liberty with out reality, is worse than despotism—trial by jury, without purity in the selection of that jury ) is a farce—and far better, is open tyranny, than affected liberty, with the reality of tyranny. The freeman, who lives under free institutions, relies upon the freedom which is his birthright— ! e takes no particular care, to guard against the . croachments upon that freedom, until painful • zperience tells him, in a voice not to be mis lken, that he has leant upon a broken reed; that he has lived in fancied security, whilst really in the very midst of dangers, and that the free dom in - which he believed, was slavery in dis guise, not the less so, because its fetters were bound round with roses. The objects of the present prosecution have felt and suffered all this ;—they have found, to their cost, that trial by jury, in all its preliminary stages, was nothing but the first proceedings of an inquisition, excluding every privilege to the accused, and placing them under every disadvan tage; in truth, that, instead of having the pre sumption of innocence in their favour, they were foredoomed, predestined, and their convictions fully determined upon. No privilege acceded ; every usual indulgence withheld ;—no opportu nity of learning with what they were charged, — before whom they were arraigned,—by whom the testimony had been given,—but every informa tion denied, as to all preliminary proceedings. The indictmentpresented to them ;—but by whom found—under what authority so found—and by what evidence so supported, no information af forded. Called upon, to plead to this indictment, no liberty allowed,—no privilege conceded,—no thing, but, like the Jew in Shy/ock, the pound of flesh demanded. And plea pleaded—issue joined—trial in prospect—a jury panel, that — but we dare not say what we feel and think, of the jury panel offered to the traversers. Let any man read the proceedings, in the Irish Court of Queen's Bench in Ireland, of Friday last; let him find the fact admitted that the jury list, from which the jury to try O'CoN- NELL has been chosen, was not the jury list settled by the Recorder, inasmuch as many names had been by accident (accident in the formation of a jury list !) omitted, and can he doubt that there has been foul play, (whether accidentally, or designedly, we leave to that honest Judge PERRIN, to decide,) most grossly affecting the interests of the traversers. And this is the position in which the advisers of the Crown have placed the accused ; a position the most unfavourable, to men called upon, to establish their innocence of a charge almost in definate, almost impossible fully to meet; and yet one, which not fully met, may affect their liberties and their lives. For the lives of free men are in danger from incarceration in a dungeon the man accustomed to breathe the pure air of Heaven, cannot exist under the care of the gaoler; and to deny the free intercourse of kindred spirits, is to deny the very essence of life. Never were men placed in a position so unfavourable, as the accused have been placed by the Crown lawyers. And yet the singularity of the case is, that whilst the Crown lawyers have placed the ac cused in the most unfavourable position in which men could be placed, they have placed them• selves in a far worse position. A total denial of justice may be tolerated in a pure despotism, for there is no power of appeal, nor any remedy that can be applied to ; but in Ireland, even with Tory officials, and a Tory Government, justice cannot be totally denied, without raising doubts as to the propriety of the course adopted. And when such doubts strengthen into certainty, when it is in the mouths of every one, and every tongue repeats it,—that the Tory officials have behaved most partially, most indecorously, most injudiciously, and most unjustly,—are we not justified in saying, that the Crown lawyers have contrived to place, both the accused and them selves, in a position the most unfavourable before the jury ? It is the province of the jury to weigh in tents—to test the acts done, by those intents —to give to _the accused that justice which is their right—and, packed as is the jury (for any jury must be packed, when the power to make a proper selection is withheld, either by accident or fraud), to show, that though crammed into the jury -box, by the will of the Crown officials— GOD forbid we should say, by will of the Crown —they have the minds of men, free as the air they breathe, pure as the breeze that fans their isle, and equally devoid of taint or corruption. The Gazette de France has announced, on the authority of a private letter from Munich, the death of the Duke D'ANGOULEME, son of the late CHARLES X., who, it may be remembered, in the year 1830, abdicated his pretensions to the throne, in conjunction with his royal and saga cious parent. The other French papers take no notice of this event, and it is possible, therefore, that the announcement may be premature. The probability, however, is, that his Royal Highness is by this time dead, for when the last accounts reached Paris he was :in a state which left no hope of his recovery. Though he lived in a stormy period, and one calculated to call forth whatever mental energies he pos sessed, the Duke never distinguished himself' in the slightest degree, and during the long period of his exile he was as much forgotten by France and Europe as if he had never existed. It was not till the war drew to a close, and WEL LINGTON had crossed the Pyrennees, that he made his public appearance at Bourdeaux, where he was received with acclamations, and made himself conspicuous by his eager desire—all dan ger being now over—to play the part of a warrior and a patriot. He coveted also the reputation of a diplomatist, and attempted to enter into negotiations with WELLINGTON for the re establishment of the BOURBON dynasty, which, however, were coldly and evasively treated, it not being at that time decided by the Allies than Louis XVIII. should be called to the throne. Immediately on the restoration taking place, the Duke—true to old hereditary instincts—omitted no opportunity of showing his marked dislike and contempt of those brave military veterans who bad acquired fame and fortune under the Consulate and the Empire. In conjunction with the Duke DE BERRI, who, if possible, was a still greater imbecile than himself, he insulted the Marshals, and more especially the officers of the Imperial Guard, on every occasion ; and once, when questioning one of the latter respecting the service he had seen, andbeing , told that he had been thirty years a soldier, he turned upon his heel with the supercilious re. mark, that he had been engaged in " thirty years of brigandage." Conduct like this—which the KING, to his credit, did all he could to check —soon produced a reaction, and the triumphant return of NAPOLEON was the consequence. We do not find his Royal Highness—notwithstand ing his military propensities—taking a share in the battle ot Waterloo, in whose issue he was so deeply interested ; possibly he was laid up with a severe cold at the time, or he was compelled, much against his inclination, to remain in a state of drowsy inactivity. On the second restoration, he became somewhat more moderate and tolerant in his bearing to wards the army ; and in the year 1822 was ap pointed to head that absurd military expedition into Spain, of which M. CHATEAUBRIAND, its author, has so often boasted as a miracle of poli deal sagacity. On this occasion, the Duke D'ANGOULEME, before quitting France, laying his hand on the hilt of his sword, made that absurd boast respecting his sense of duty and patriotism as a soldier and a Frenchman, which was so much ridiculed at the time, and procured him the soubriquet of " Prince Hilt." As this was his first, so was it his last, warlike expedi tion of any consequence, and he ever after rested perfectly satisfied with the prodigious crop of laurels he had gathered in the Peninsula, more particularly in the attack on the Trocadero. During the " Three Days," when, if at any period ofhislife, he might reasonably have been expected to exhibit something like vigour and decision of character, he distinguished himself by nothing but a quarrel with MARMON; in the course of which he cut his Royal fingers, in a vain attempt to break the Marshal's sword. From this period to the day of his death he lived in exile and per fect seclusion, forgottenby all but his own imme diate friends and dependents. In the private rela tions oflife, his conduct was,we believe,unimpeach able ; he was a good son, a good husband, a kind master; and, had he not unfortunately been born to a throne, he might have passed happy and con- tented through life, and maintained the cha. racter of a very respectable, humdrum, and somewhat thick-headed gentleman, His wife, who survives him, was the daughter of Louis XVI., and was a prisoner in the Temple at the time when her ill-starred parent was led forth to execution. NAPOLEON observed of her, that " she was the only man of the family," and with justice, for from the days of the Grande Monarque—who was himself by no means re markable for superior talents—there has not been one single member of the BOURBON family who was otherwise than an imbecile. Mr. THOMAS ATTWOOD has addressed a letter, on the irresistible necessity for an immediate ex pansion of the currency by an enlargement of our paper circulation, the facts and general rea soning of which the Editor of the Times will find it no easy task to evade. It is a communication marked by the same singleness and earnestness of purpose, the same enlarged views of . the ne cessity for squaring the amount of our powers of distribution by a medium of representation and exchange, in proportion, on the one hand, to the increasing productiveness of our industrial and manufacturing activity,—and to the colossal de mands of our state taxation and of our intersocial debts and liabilities, on the other—which have always actuated the consistent efforts of the late Member for Birmingham in pressing upon the Le gislature the adjustment of this vital question. Mr. ATTWOOD feels warmly and speaks out; and like all enthusiasts, it may be • that his intimate acquaintance and habitual dealing with the subject on which he• treats, occasionally exaggerates his impressions upon some of its bearings. We are not prepared to say that this is the fact; but, for the sake of the argument, we are willing to concede the point to our Con temporary. Now the Times must see that it by no means follows, because its correspondent may occasionally overrate the tendencies of particular facts, he must be, therefore, mistaken in the results of the general statistics on which his arguments are founded. Had Mr. ATTWOOD erred as egregiously as the Times has assumed, in attributing a higher antiquity to the circula tion of bills of exchange in this country than the reign of CHARLES 11., a misconception on that point was scarcely worth dwelling upon in an attempt to refute a condensed review of the whole immediate operation and ultimate effect of PEEL'S destructive Bill of 1819. It served a purpose, however ; and our Contemporary was not slow to seize it: He contended, by implica tion, that all the other premises propounded by Mr. ATTWOOD were equally unfounded; and being thus in a position to blink the difficult and i nc onvenient task of discussing with -his adVer sary the real and complicated question at issue, he indulged in his vein for " bantering," ad libitum, but with no great degree of candour, and infinitely less of success. In his letter of the 9th instant Mr. ATTWOOD has done well, we think, to leave this little triumph undisputed ; he has graver points to press; and, like the Ambassador who stumbled over the threshhold of the very presence-cham ber, never drops the missives which he has charged himself to deliver. In passing, however, we must take leave to protest against any doc trine so absurd as that in which, for the wise purpose just mentioned, he acquiesces. We have yet to learn that since it is matter of history that the bills of exchange of the MEDICI of Florence, and of their factors in all other cities of the civilised world, passed currently from hand to hand, all over Europe, and even in the marts of Asia, from the close of the fourteenth century— and the bills of the FUGGERS of Antwerp, as early as the time of CHARLES V. were• ex changeable and negotiable here, under HENRY VIII., by the guilds and private merchants, of London, having dealings with the Low Coun tries, such bills were never seen here till the reign of CHARLES 11. The mistake has its origin in that common error, which limits the definition of " money" to coinage, as metallic currency, instead of including within its designa tion, promissory and bank notes, bills of exchange, and, perhaps, bankers' deposits. For ourselves, we see no way of escaping from the propositions contended for by Mr. ATTWOOD, that " nearly all the complicated and innu merable transactions of life are effected through the agency of monetary debts ;" and that " the transfer and exchange of acknowledgments of debt for each other has literally become vital to the existence of society amongst us." He has the advantage, we take it, of our Contemporary, in retorting the coarse epithet of " rascality" on those capitalists, fundholders, annuitants of fixed incomes, unencumbered landlords, and mortga gees, whose active partisanship precipitated the measure of 1819. The late Lord LIVERPOOL— Mr. ATTWOOD reminds the Times—told the House of Lords that " their rents haa been doubled and trebled in paper money." After this, to enforce their paynient in a currency vastly diminished in amount, and prodigiously dearer in material, does seem to have been the height of injustice. " The means of the people," he adds, in allusion to the quadruplication of the National Debt, the duplication of official salaries, and the consequent increase of taxes within the last thirty or forty years, " are cut down to the metallic level. Are their burdens to be kept up at the paper level ?" This question is a concise and pithy one : and it is one of many connected with, resulting from, and inevitably incident to, the present anomalous condition of our monetary system, with its multiplying wants, its increasing functions and liabilities, and its extravagantly diminished bases. In these three conditions we assign the elements of the whole disturbance and danger which beset it. Shall we be told that our category does not include the decay of trade, but too sensibly experienced already by alarge portion of the community-? • - Let us subjoin what was stated by that profound thinker, and saga cious and experienced money merchant, the late Mr. N. M. ROTHSCHILD,' in his evidence before the Bank Charter Committee. " If this country has money in abundance, it will have all the trade from the whole world ; and if you make money very scarce, the trade will go to other countries." The preferable alternative of these two is at least the polar star of Mr. ATTWOOD'S financial.plan. Let the country adopt it. Among the most offensive pruriencies of modern legislation, we cannot refrain from reckoning the rage for " Prisoners' classifica tion," " Prison .discipline," and " Prison build ing," as perhaps the favourite type of the- law making mania. In no other instance is the tran sition from soundness of principle to abuse of practice so abrupt or unfortunate as that which our statesmen generally make, from the specula tions of their Cabinets to the Bills which they introduce into Parliament on the ," Better Ma nagement of Prisons." No object can be pro posed of more intrinsic humanity, or of sounder administrative wisdom, than to establish a system of careful inspection, at undefined periods, of moral and responsible management, of good order and impressive regulation, providing at once for the due physical subsistence, and (of such as desire it) for religious instruction and counsel, as to all prisoners confined under sen tence by lawful authority. It is not merely well " it is not only " proper " that due care should be shown for the health, and the orderly deportment of prisoners, but it is just, equitable, and right, that in their confinement they should not be deprived of the advantages of such superintendence. Imprison ment is the whole, or a part of the penalty, which the law of the land has decreed against them for this or that violation of it. If it be but part and parcel of that penalty, the law carefully pro nounces, by the mouth of the Court, the precise character and extent of the additional punish ment which shall be superadded to imprison ment. If this latter sentence involve the whole of the atonement which the law will exact for the offence committed or wrong done, it is contrary, not merely to the spirit, but to the letter of the law itself to exceed the pain of imprisonment by any superadded visitation on the prisoner. In neither case was it ever the intention of the common law, or of statutes, to invest individual functionaries (especially such as are not judges THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EN ENING, JANUARY 16, 1844. or executive officers of its own jurisdictions) with power to aggravate the term or the nature of the punishment decreed, excepting only as to such alterations thereof as may have been subse- quently incurred, through personal misconduct or delinquency on the part of the prisoner, ac cording to the directions of the Acts for the better enforcement of prison discipline. But there is a large class of pseudo-philanthropists and legislators, who are never satisfied with such securities as these. They are for enforcing on all prisoners—aye, even upon prisoners for debt—a course of penitentiary and cumulative suffering, ingeniously protracted and aggravated beyond the amount of expiation demanded by the law. The law in the eyes of these men does not un- derstand its own objects. It cannot accomplish its own purposes. They step in, professedly to work in the heart of the prisoner that moral expiation which human law never can accom plish. They seek to touch and soften the heart, by afflicting the senses and breaking down the native energies, mental and bodily, of those whom the law would restore to their free agency after inflicting on them a certain amount of bodily suffering, or personal restraint, with or without pe cuniary fine. In this attempt the very first absurdity they commit, because it is an inevitable result of an impracticable system, is to confound different classes of criminals and different degrees of crime under one and the same category of searching, spirit -breaking, unrelaxing, uncom promising, unremitted "discipline." This height , ened discipline, like Sir JAMES GRAHAM'S low ered "dietary," is to be applied to all alike, and without distinction. The deeper and more des- perate criminal, if he be liberated at all, leaves the " model prison," not moved and melted into kindlier feelings for his fellow-men, by a con scious sense of having received kindlier treat ment and more charitable usage than he had at all merited; but breathing inextinguishable hatred against, and devising schemes of future vengeance upon, that society, under the ordi nances of which he has been made to endure such excesses of abject humiliation and mental torture beyond that penalty of the law which the sentence solemnly pronounced in open court had apprised him that he had incurred. The minor offender, of feelings less seared and delinquencies far less criminal, quits the walls that have wit nessed his aggravated punishment, and shame, and misery, with the dangerous impression that had he sinned more gravely against " Heaven and man," he must have realised a larger plun der, and could not have incurred a higher amount of penal suffering. Entertaining these views upon this important subject, we regard with no overweening favour or prepossession suggestions for any extension of experiments, the tendencies of Ns hick appear to be thus cruel upon individuals in their imme diate operation, and thus mischievous in their ultimate results on society. In The Su n of Saturday last we published a statement relative to Sir JAMES GRAHAM'S inordinate passion for " model prisons for the country." From this it would appear that the Home Secretary is modestly pressing upon the justices of counties to take into immediate consideration the expe diency of superseding all the existing prisons of their districts, and erecting one or more in their stead, at an expense of some 157,0001. (no more 1) on his last and newest " model" pattern ! on a system, as the " statement" in question well remarks, " which is yet upon trial—which has not yet received the sanction of Parliament—and never, it is to be hoped, will." We certainly concur in the " astonishment" manifested "at the temerity of Sir JAMES GRAHAM, of which no parallel in the conduct of any Minister in this country can be recollected in presuming to re quire, or even to recommend to the justices" the adoption of such a course. But the request has been, already, not to say " scouted" merely, but " kicked out" of the Quarter Sessions of Lancashire and Gloucestershire. As for the latter, GRAY'S " Bard" seems to have been revivified by Sir JAMES'S indiscretion. " Stout Gloucester stood aghast in speechless trance 1" Yet not quite speechless, by the bye ; for the Chairman of the Gloucester Quarter Ses sions, in reference to this subject, said, " The Government could not enforce the plan upon them, and the only way in which the county could be compelled to build a model prison was by Act of Parliament, which, if the county Mem bers did their duty, no Government could ever obtain." Of course every body who knows the peculiarly sensitive delicacy of so consistent a statesman, so disinterested a politician, as Sir JAMES GRAHAM , will pause ere he attributes the Right Hon. Baronet's remarkable ardour in trying to force this plan on the county juris dictions to ulterior views of official patronage in his own department, or of accessions of county influence to the Ministerial party. But there is a less equivocal and much more serious reason for the unqualified and indignant rejection of Sir JAMES'S proposals by every Quarter Sessions in the kingdom in the a pp al ling announcement n Sir PETER r e P t o E LAURIE'S letter to the Lei cestershiref M a gistrates. He tells them, as Bethlehem Hospit a l, th a t "alth oug h the Model Prison (Pento h s e beenv every r y er so ois shorteare p i r e i i d E President )thou has fuallytilneex' and ilalel examined, and indeed and se lected with referen ce to his health, two opriesnoend pri soners have become INSANE, and have been transmitted from the Model Prison to Bethle hem." Would to Got) i we add, that some of the prime speculators in these " model prisons"—that is to say, on the utmost limits of human endurance and moral energy, under the application of studied mental torture, and a scale of graduated agony, commencing with remorse and terminating with despair —were themselves committed to, and permanently confined in, the incurable ward of the same hospital. They would then learn the amount of the distress they pre sume to inflict beyond the demands of the law, and up to the mind-and-body-destroying point of practical retribution in the Model Bastille of Pentonville. Sir. JAMES GRAHAM evidently assumes that the law does not go far enough. He would strike, by punishments beyond the law, at those deficiencies—(still left in the moral nature of men whose crimes have been legally visited) — which no human law can ever strike. He would penetrate but to punish the guilty secrets of that consciousness which is patent only to the individual delinquent and his MAKER; for the guilt, of which human institutions could take cognisance, human laws have already exacted their vengeance for. To what end, if not for this inhuman and presumptuous purpose, does the Home Secretary of State thus attach him self to his " model" system, with its dreary cells —its compulsory silence—its monotonous misery —its leisure for maddening remorse—its prompt ings to self-destruction its solicitations to hopeless despondency or desperate despair? Does he reflect that the certain failure, for which this terrible machinery is set in motion, must be worked out, not by mere bo dily privation, captivity, and disgrace, but by the wreck of MlND—that Godlike, original endow ment which tyrants have not hitherto presumed to tamper with ; which, even the torment of the rack was not directed against, which the axe of the headsman and the cord of the hangman may be said to respect amidst the pangs of corporeal death. The forcible restraints in these " model" cells on the expression of all emotion, the ex tinction of all curiosity, the prohibition of all communication, the horror of unbroken silence, the withdrawal of all signs of human sym pathy, may abase the spirits, brutify the mind, destroy life, but the object of punishing what the law cannot—of reclaiming whom the ordinary course of imprisonment cannot—will never be achieved to such an extent as to justify the means resorted to in the attempt. Let us put the case to Sir J. GRAHAM of some grave offences, not cognisable at law—yet of everyday occurrence—and ask how he would proceed with them? How would he deal with a man (let us suppose) notorious for his faithlessness to parties, his forgetfulness of principles, his abandonment of early connexions, leis violation of. often-re- corded pledges, his transient friendships, his enduring enmities? How would he denounce, and visit with signal penalties, the abjurer of his political leaders and his private companions for the sordid purposes of his interested selfishness; a traitor to the cause of these, a renegade from the doctrines of those? What is the " model" process by which he would silence for ever that perverted eloquence once loud in the champion ship of liberal institutions and popular rights, but afterwards, like BELIAL'S, perverted, " To make the worse appear the better reason?" Would Sir JAMES GRAHAM press the extremity of the refined and more than legal vengeance of his " model prison punishments" against such a man, in addition to the penalty that would have been already paid by the offender, in the scorn of his former and the distrust of his present eon- nexions; in the forfeited good opinion of manly, honest, and consistent antagonists, his former associates; and the loud but shameful plaudits of those for whom he had betrayed them; of those, to whom he was bound by the obedience rather of a suspected servant, than the confiding equality of a trusted friend ? No man knows better than Sir J. GRAHAM that such offences—infinitely to be reprobated as they are by the upright and the wise—are not punishable, and cannot be punished, at law. No man, we are sure, would be less inclined than Sir JAMES GRAHAM to press against them that sort of penalty so much beyond the law, which we have just now feebly described. We have accounts from Madrid to the Bth instant, on which day the elections of Senators and Deputies commenced. The Progresista, or Liberal party—if any party can be called liberal in Spain—had in the preliminary proceeding ob tained the majority in seven bureaux out of twelve, while the Ministerialists had the majority in only four—the twelfth consisted of both par ties. The success of the Progresistas was consi dered certain. On the 6th General NARVAEZ had been raised, by a Royal decree, to the rank of Captain-General of the Spanish armies. The General, however, modestly declines the appoint ment, and states, in a letter to the Minister of War, that he cannot think of accepting the ap pointment, lest the efforts which he had made towards bringing about the present state of affairs, from which he anticipates great things, both for the QUEEN and the country, should be attributed by the world to " ambition, or any less noble views." The decree for restoring to Queen CHRISTINA her pension, which has appeared in The Sun, was published in the Madrid Gazette of the Bth. It is founded on an address pre sented to her MAJESTY by all the Ministers, in which we find these words : " A decree of the ex-Regent, dated Vittoria, 26th October, 1841, ordered payment to be suspended of the dotation assigned in the law of the budget to her Ma jesty the Queen Donna Christina de Bourbon, a dotation voted by the Cortes, and of unquestionable and legiti mate origin, as proceeding from matrimonial contracts. The political pretexts, equivocal and fanciful in them selves, could not authorise the suspension of a legal payment, which custom, agreements, and the consent of the country by the medium of its representatives, alike sanctioned. Nor was it decorous to leave unprovided for the person who, with so much glory, generosity, and nobleness of mind, had governed the kingdom during the turbulent times of your Majesty's minority. For these reasons, Senora, your Council of Ministers has thought it one of its principal duties to efface the track of deplorable events, and to satisfy equally the imperious necessity of justice, and the filial sentiments of your Majesty, by restoring to your august mother thepenston which, if it were not due to her as Dowager Queen' by the laws, would ever be justly due to her as the generous and' humane Regent, the restorer of the public liberties, the zealous guardian of your Majesty's throne and' the interests of the country, in the midst of the conflicts of re volution and of war." • The annual pension amounts to 30,0001. a ye ar and the arrears to 70,0001., so that she will receive at once about 100,0001. Much business was done on the Madrid Bourse on the Bth. The transactions in the Three per Cents. alone exceeding 68,000,000 reals, which caused a rise of for cash, and I for time. The closing prices were 251 for cash, and 251 at 60 days. The Five per Cents., 191 at 35 days, with premium. The Paris papers are chiefly occupied with comments on the address agreed to by the Com mittee of the Chamber of Deputies, and remarks on the budget. On the latter topic the Opposi tion journals have not many remarks, a circum stance which the others regard as favourable to the statements of the Finance Minister. The Deputies of the Left Centre (says the Constitu tionnel) had a meeting at the house of M. GAN. NERON on Saturday evening, when it was re solved to oppose the Ministerial policy. M. THIERS was present, and it is understood that he will speak on the address in opposition to the Government. Only three Deputies had inscribed their names to speak on Monday. Two of those gentlemen, M. CORDIER and M. GUSTAVE DE BEAUMONT, are decided Oppositionists ; the other, Viscount DE COURTAIS, is a Conservative. The students who were arrested by the police, on occasion ofseme disturbance when on their way to the house of BERANGER, the poet, were brought before the Court of Correctional Police on Satur day, when seven of them were convicted. Two of them were sentenced to twenty days' confine ment, two to ten, and the other three to five days. They were all law or medical students except one—the Viscount de NARBONNE DE LA CORNILLIERE. The Gazette de France announces the death of the Duke of ANGOULEME in these terms, but without any date : " A letter from Munich, which arrived in Paris to-day, declares that the Duke d'Angouleme has sunk under the malady from which he has been suffering for a length of time." "A report was current to-day in Paris," says the Courrier Francais, that " the Duke d'Angouleme had sunk under his illness. It was added, that a courier who had arrived from London in the course of the day, had brought the intelligence that the Duke de Bordeaux had taken his passport to proceed in all haste to Goritz, to his family." - - The following paragraph appears in the Aug s burgh Gazette, in an extract from a letter from Hanover, of the 30th ult.:- 44 The Duke de Bourdeaux, who intended returning to Goritz, by Hanover, Brunswick, and Dresden, was very politely informed by the Hanoverian Minister at London, that King Ernest would be at that period at Berlin, where he intended passing some weeks." Her Majesty and Prince Albert, accompanied by the Prince of Wales and Princess Royal, are expected to take their departure from Claremont this afternoon for Windsor Castle. Some of the Royal Household went to Windsor last evening. LLOYD'S SHIPPING.-(THIS DAY LONDON, JAN. 16.—Fresh northerly breeze and fine. DEAL, JAN. 15.—Wind, N.E., moderate.—Sld. Cathe rine Elizabeth, St. Vincent's ; her Majesty's ship Nau tilus, Westward. PORTSMOUTH, JAN. 15.—Wind, E.N.E.—Arrd. her Majesty's steamers Penelope, Hecate, and Dwarf, Eastward. PLYMOUTH, JAN. 15. —Wind, N.E.—Arrd. Ceres, Honduras, Arcturus, Bill, Antwerp, for New York, with loss of sails, and master sick. OFF DOVER, JAN. 15.—Kenan, Hassolar, and D'E mina, Rotterdam for New York. FALMOUTH, JAN. 15.—Wind, N.E. strong breezes.— Off, Yare, Harding, Savanilla ; Flora, Veal, Newfound land for Poole, sailed Dec. 24. Sld. Jeune France, St. Thomas. BRISTOL, JAN. 14. —Sid. Caroline, Tobago ; Sybilla, Jamaica. HARWICH, •JAN. 14.—The Ariel, Self, of Grimsby, was lost on the Cork Sand, 12th inst., crew saved. LIVERPOOL, JAN. 15.—Wind, N.N.E..light -- Arrd . Bideford, Mager, Newfoudland. Sld. North Star, Rio ; Abbotsford, New Orleans. Col:at, JAN. 13.—Arrd. Kate Kearney, Belcher, Jamaica ; Milton, Partridge, Cuba. SCARBOROUGH, JAN. 15.—The Phcenix, Turner, from Miramichi to Gloucester, was lost 26th Nov. on Langley Island ; crew (except the master and five men) and pas sengers drowned. GRIMSBY, JAN. 15. —The Jane, of Yarmouth, was brought in here yesterday, a derelict, having been fallen in with 13th inst., off Flamborough Head, abandoned. HAMBURGH, JAN. 10.—The drift ice in the Elbe has increased considerably during the night, and the navi gation may be considered as completely stopped. 11. The ice has increased considerably. 12. There is a quantity of drift ice in the Fairway above Gluckstadt. The Johann Julius, of Altona, has been hauled on the strand off Schuban. The navigation being closed, the Light-vessel has left her station oft Schulan. The Echo, from Laguna,.has arrived at Altona in tow of a steamer, after grounding on a sandbank off Blankmise. Young ladies who indulge in bed too many hours in the morning would do well (divested of curl-papers of course), to copy the example of their youthful Sovereign, who generally Inef,kfasta at eight o'clock. ARY OF NEWS SU AND Public Opinton. " Who runs may read." POREIGN. On Saturday evening the King of the French bad a numerous party to dinner, among whom were :—Lord and Lady Cowley, the Austrian Ambassador, the Pope's Nuncio, the Prince of Eckmuhl and his mother, who is styled the " Marechale Princesse," and other distin- gtiished personages, By a late decree of the Queen of Spain, her mother's pension is to be restored, which, together with arrears, will amount to 100,0001. Such a sum was worth a little intrigue. It is said that this is not the only mark of fa vour which the Spanish Government means to bestow on Christina, and that it has in contemplation the project of issuing a decree for legalising the marriage between the ex-Regent and Munoz, the latter of whom is to be created a Grandee of Spain. Accounts have been received by telegraph that the Queen's troops entered Figueras on the 11th. This was the last place in Spain holding out for the pronuncia- I 'mentos. By a statement published at Boulogne, it appears that the number of passengers passing through Boulogne in 1831 amounted to 11,131 ; that in 1842 the number had increased to 48,254 ; while the numbers passing by way of Calais during the same period decreased from 38,596 to 20,728. The number of passengers in 1843 by Bou logne amounted to 56,868 ; by Havre, 21,380 ; by Ca lais, 19,079 ; by Dieppe, 5,021. The Silesian Gazette says that it is feared, in Mol davia, that the revolution in Greece will be made a pre text by Russia to take possession of that country. The trade of Russia with the Porte increases every year. A great number of Russian merchants emigrated to Turkey and Persia, and they are greatly encouraged by these Governments. The, trade of Russia with China is also increasing. LAW AND POLICE. At Lambeth-street, Edmund Curckland, the driver of one of Crump's Stratford omnibuses, and Joseph Dwyght, the driver of Coates's Stratford omnibus, appeared be fore Mr. Henry to answer to a charge of furious driving, when both pleaded guilty. Mr. Henry remarked, that if either of the defendants had been before summoned fur irregularities he certainly should have felt it to be his duty to have committed them to prison without any fine. He then convicted Curckland in a penalty of 31. and expenses, and Dwyght in 405., and also the ex penses. A commission of lunacy was opened before Mr. Com missioner Barlow and a jury of freeholders, at the Canonbury Tavern, Islington, to inquire into the state of mind of the Princess Elizabeth Catherine Louisa Maria Frances Bariatinsky, daughter of Prince Baria tinsky, a Russian Nobleman, when, after due inquiry, the jury found that the Princess was of unsound mind, and had been incapable of managing her atlitirs since 1830. At Clerkenwell, James M`Grath, the noted prize fighter, John M'Donald, and George Hopkins, were placed at the bar, before Mr. Greenwood, the former prisoner charged by George Fisk, a respectable-looking young man, residing at' .To. 2. Foster-buildings, St. Luke's, with having committed a violent assault upon him ; and the two latter were charged with inciting the mob and M'Grath to Assault and resist the police in the execution of their duty, &c. On the charges being proved, Mr. Greenwood sentenced M`Grath to one month's imprisonment in . the House of Correction for the assault on the policeman ; and for the assault on Fisk, he convicted him in the penalty of 51., or to be imprisoned two calendar months, leaving him liable to be prosecuted by other parties whom he had assaulted. He convicted M'Donald in the penalty of 3L, or one month's imprisonment ; and Hopkins in the penalty of 205., or ten days' imprisonment. Hopkins paid his fine and was liberated, but the other prisoners were taken to prison COURT_FASHIONABLE. • ' The Court is expected to return to Windsor Castle on Wednesday afternoon. The Duchess of Cambridge, accompanied by the youth ful Princess Mary, was to arrive to-day at Calais from Germany. The Royal Duchess and Princess are to em bark, weather permitting, at an early hour to-morrow, and in all probability her Royal Highness will reach Cambridge - House to dinner. Th'e.Eail and Countess of Eglintoun are expected at the .ClarendOn' Hotel on the 29th inst. from Eglintoun Castle. His fordship comes to town to be present at the Duke Of Wellington's ministerial banquet at Apsley House, on the 31st inst. Viscount Drumlanrig, eldest son of the Marquis of Queensbery, it is rumoured, is about to retire from the 2d Life Guards. The Marquis and Marchioness of Cholmondely leave their seat in Cheshire, next week, for Carlton House terrace. The Noble Marquis and Marchioness, with the Marchioness of Westminster, Countess Grosvenor and. Ladies Grosvenor, Lord and Lady Prudhoe, Lord and Lady Robert Grosvenor and Lady Charlotte Egerton, were present at Chester Cathedral, on Saturday, to hear the performance of the splendid new organ just placed in that venerable building. The Marquis of Anglesey arrived at his residence in Old Burlington-street, on Sunday night, from WobUrn Abbey. The following are among the Noble and distinguisned guests at present honouring the Duke and Duchess of Bedford with their company, at Woburn Abbey :—The Marquis and Marchioness of Normanby, Baroness de Clifford, Lord and Lady Uxbridge, the Ladies Paget, Lord and Lady John Russell, Lord William Russell, Lord Francis Russel, Mr. Edward Russell, Mr. and Lady G. Romilly, the Hon. G. S. and Lady Agnes Byng, Lord and Lady Levison, Lord Duncannon, Miss Pon sonby, Mr. and Mrs. Ponsonby. Mr. and Lady Caroline Sanford, Sir John and Lady Charlotte Guest, Mr. ' and Mrs. Shelley, Lieutenant-Colonel Keppel, Master J. Byng, Ecc. The Duke and Duchess -of Leeds are entertaining a se lect circle at Hornby Castle ; the Earl and Countess of Shrewsbury are expected to arrive at the castle on a visit to their Graces, from town. MISCELLANEOUS. The weather in London has at last become seasonable. On Sunday night there was a sharp frost, with a keen north-east wind. In the course of last night the ther mometer fell seven degrees below freezing ; but as there is little wind no inconvenience is felt from the lowness of the temperature. According to the latest accounts from Dr. Wolff, which are dated Trebisond, Nov. 28, there is every reason to believe that Colonel Stoddart and Captain Conolly are still alive. The man Barenstein, who said he had witnessed the execution of Stoddart and Conolly, had been proved to be an imposter. According to the resolutions of both Houses of Par liament, a scheme was recently adopted for the promul gation of the statutes, and from a return made in the early part of last session, it appears that, in the year 1841, 4,135 Acts were sent out to public offices, public officers, to cities, counties, and boroughs, to sheriffs, and other persons. The Duke of Bedford and Lord Ducie have both aban doned the Northampton Farming and Grazing Society, on the grounds stated in Lord Spencer's letter. A great curiosity has lately been discovered in the library of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. A play, on the subject of Richard 111., written in Latin, and ante , cedent to Shakspeare. It has liberally been lent to the Shakspeare Society, with permission to transcribe it. The importation of foreign cattle into Hull has fallen off considerably—upwards of one-half for this year, as compared with 1842. In 1843 the importation only amounted to 317 oxen and 3 sheep, while in 1842, 1,685 oxen, 24 cows, 439 sheep, and 253 pigs, were imported. HAMB URGH MAIL. KONIGSBERG, DEC. 28.—The Freemasons have hi therto been considered in Prussia as men who give no ground for suspicion, particularly on religious grounds, and the first Prince of the Royal Family is at the head of their order. The following circum stance, therefore, seems very strange. At Brauns berg, as in many other places, the Freemasons are accustomed to distribute on Christmas-eve clothing and other useful articles among the poor children : formerly this liberality was gratefully acknowledged by the Roman Catholic clergy, but this year the member of the Lodge who provides and distributes the Christmas presents, received a note from the Roman Catholic chaplain and inspector of schools, informing him that the children of the Roman Catholic schools could not appear at the Lodge to receive Christmas gifts. The parents of these children being asked if they would receive the gifts, at first expressed their readiness to do so, but afterwards intimated that they had been forbidden to accept anything from the Freemasons. BERLIN, JAN. 6.—lt is confidently affirmed here that the distinction (or exception) by which the insignia of the revived order of the Swan may be conferred on Sovereign Princes was introduced solely for the purpose of first giving those insignia to Queen Victoria, who is expected on the banks of the Rhine in the autumn. MUNICH, JAN. s.—The Archduke Albert of Austria, who arrived here two days ago, naturally a ttracts much attention here as the intended husband of Princess Hildegard. He is a very handsome man, and those who have had the opportunity of being in troduced to him speak in high terms of his amiable manners. It seems that the marriage will take place in May, and a month later the marriage of Prince Luitpold with Princess Augusta of Tuscany. BRESLAU, JAN. 6.—His Imperial Highness Prince Alexander of Russia arrived here yesterday, from Dresden, and, stopping only to change horses, pro ceeded on his journey by way of Trebnitz Kalisch to St. Petersburgh. ELSINORE ''JAN. 4.—The number of ships th a t passed the gound in 1843 was as follows : From the North Sea, From the Baltic... 14,947 which is 990 more than in 1842. The English ships were : .. 1,761 From the North Sea ..... 1,757 From the Baltic ... 3,518 two fewer than in 1842.—Hamburgh Papers. We regret to state that the youngest son of the Right Hon. tilt: Home Secretary (Master Stanley Gra ham), has been suffering under alarming illness. The report of the medical attendants to-day, however, is more Covetable. HONEY AND COMMERCIAL NEWS CITY, QUARTER TO THREE. There wa ; an meeeially animated market for Cotton at Liverpoel yesterday, and prices advanced again *d. per lb., making., a farthing per lb. rise since Friday. 20,000 bales sold, including 15,000 on speculation. The sales were 3,000 bales Surat, at 3d. to 44d ; 1,000 Pernambuco, at 64d. to 6-Ri. ; 200 Egyptian, at 7d. t 7id. ; 1,000 Maranham, at 64d. to 6 d ; and the rest American, at sd. to 6 d. per lb. Shares were dull and easier, except London end Birmingham, which were 238. Eestern Counties were 104 ; Grand Junction, 233 ; Brighton, 43-i; North Midland, 91; Paris and Rouen, 32; Paris and Orleans, 33-;;,-; Paris and Lyons. 2/. 17s. 6d. There are no arrival:; of the least consequence in the City te-day; and, as far as news is concerned, up to the present hour, there is an entire absence of later news from the colonies or foreign parts. In the following extract from an American Contem porary, there are many matters of considerable interest to our manufacturing and mercantile readers. The ma jority of the journalists in the United States are be coming advocates of protection being given to domestic manufactures :—" The value of the imports of manufac tures was much larger than for 1842. Within this perictit the population of the United States has nearly double& itself, and the riches and wealth of the country have im— mensely increased.—Population of the United States,. 1820, 9,638,131 ; 1830, 12,866,920 ; 1840, 17,062,56 6 . " In this proportion the future must exhibit the same result. As the resources of this country become deve loped, and the various interests become reconciled, the wants of the people will be more generally supplied LI themselves. The effect of all this is in the first place, tr• decrease of the revenue. This fact should be taken into , consideration. Former tariffs created a revenue that went: far towards swelling the receipts from Customs to a 1 amount sufficient to supply the wants of Government. The causes that required a discriminating duty in times pa. no longer exist—the same duty that heretofore existed with the decreased imports, would not create a sufficient revenue in proportion to their value for the additional ; wants of Government. The falling off in the receipts; from Customs must be made up from the rest of the' importations. The decline in one place must be made good in another. A more equal distribution must take place, so as the decrease in any one important; item will have no very sensible effect. Th° Secretary of the Treasury in his annual report flatters himself that the importations will increase as the country recovers from its late depression. The imports into this. country never will reach again what they have been. Our importation of cotton, woollen, and silk manufac tures from abroad will gradually decline, under a natural course of things, every year. They may from year to' year fluctuate with the state of the currency, but the amount will assuredly settle down to a lower level than" has ever yet been experienced. It is argued that e• nation must import as much as they export -4W' is true, but the balance of trade must come or g o in the' shape of specie. This, in the course of time and events , must be an immense exporting country, and the impo rts ' will decrease, from time eo time, until we become the creditors of the whole wee'ld. Our revenue must le: process of time, emanate from some other sour ce than duties on imports. At present this : 1 1 the principal resource, 'which require c are(' arrangement to make it productive. The creation of a duty on foreign articles, similar to those manufactured or produced in th.is country, for the 1) 11 _ 1 ' pose of protection or revenue, cavelot be depended on le estimating receipts from one season to another, as 0 0 ! own productions are so rapidly disp ,l acing one! of a foreign manufacture; and the consumption, if pric es _ correspond, naturally inclines to the protection of Or own industry. This should have the effect to plaCe duties for revenue on foreign produce consumed in th is country, which we cannot create, or obtain, except frog' foreign countries." The Commissioners have made their usual purebao this morning - hi the Three per Cent. Consols, name* from 20,0001. to 25,0001. The amount taken for the re duction duction of the National Debt was not given, nor W ei " any Exchequer Bills bought. The presumption, there; fore e is that the 200,00 W. appointed to 'De expend ed this quarter, in the diminution of outstanding Exchequ e ,' Bills has been supplied by the Directors Exchequer the Bank of England. The Funds have rernaine extremely steady this morning at 961 to 97. MOO; business has been done to some extent. The settleme n in Consols is fixed for to-morrow. The options will b . declared this afternoon. The opinion is, that the settle' ment in Consols will be Bullish. The seduced Three' and-a-Halt per Cents. are 1021 to the New Thre e ; and-a-Half per Cents. 1014 to 102 , and the Three Pen, Cents. 974 to .97i. Bank Stock is up to 187 and It Exchequer Bills realise 675. to 655. premium, and 10°' Bonds i"9s. to 78s._ The Foreign Account has beet, adjusted to-day, 5 .1 1 0 most of the bonds look steady upon it. Spanish .Ac 111: are 221 to -i- ; and the Three per Cents., 30i 5r 3.1 ; Mexican Deferred are 101- ; and Colombian 11i ; en li zuelan, owing to the new issue of 150 , 0001 . , to pay '', claims which Mr. Macintosh has upon the republic, baii7" been rather flat at 351 36 ; Dutch Two-and-Half r- Cents. realise 54* to 54i. The Railway Shares have not been active, but gola e. rally obtain 'about yesterday's quotations. BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOC K '' (From the Official List.) Bank Stock 3 per Cent. Reduced Annuities 970 „.. 3 per 'Cent. Consols. Annuities: ...... 3 per Cent. Annuities, 1726 3 per Cent. Reduced Annuities New 3i per Cent. Annuities lO2 10 1 4 i Long Annuities ' Expire sth Jan. 1860 Ditto 30 Years, Expire 10th Oct. 1859 India Stock far Opening ... 273/ India Bonds, 1,000 Ditto under 1,000 Consols for Opening Exchequer Bills, 14 d lid. 1000/. 500/. Ditto Small . .67 FOREIGN FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLO CK ' Mexican Borids, 1837, 5 per Cent.......... Ditto Deferred Stock... lo* Portuguese Bonds, 5 per Cent Ditto Converted Ditto for the Account 441 Spanish Bonds, Five per Cent. Ditto for the Account 220 Ditto Passive Bonds 5l Ditto Three per Cent. ... 301 Ditto for the Account 3l Dutch 2/ per Cent ...... Mai Dutch 5 per Cent. PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAY AT ONE' RAILWAYS. Paid. Per Share. Bristol and Exeter .... ... 7O ..... 651 to •"' Eastern Counties - Edinburgh and Glasgow ......... b 0 London and Brighton ...,.. 50 London and Illackwall . London and Greenwich London and South Western ... 41% ... .. 731 to 7 London and Croydon ( Trunk)... 131 l5O ... to ---.. Ditto Scrip Manchester and Leeds ...... ...... 70 lOl ..... to Manchester and Birmingham ... 40 Northern and Eastern Ditto * Shares Paris arid Orleans Paris and Rnuen .. .... . ..... 20 .. South Eastern and Dover... Ditto Sciip... York and North Midland... SO Ditto Scarboro' Branch 3_6/ ........... t to e 21 lB ...... to JOINT STOCK BANKS. Colonial:... re e MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, JAN. • ...."-- P 011 # is no new feature in our market to-day, prices are col' altered, and business continues very limited. Th e 6 /I lowing are our quotations :—Bolton and Preston, ;DO' Manchester and Leeds, 100 ; North Union, 931 ;...1 I; chester and Birmingham, 38 4 k ; South Eastern , 35 1 . Ditto Scrip, 36 -4 1 ; Union Bank of Manchester, 81 POST-OFFICE , NOTICE.—The next mails for or West' Indies will be made up on WednesaaY 133 11 0 ing, the 17th instant (to-morrow), to be for ty For yor by the Tweed steamer, via Southampton. A ybe Oporto, Lisbon, Cadiz, Gibraltar, Malta, 011 7 03 0 lonian Islands, on Thursday morning, the 18th ins`f the and for Egypt and India, on the morning °, lo t#, Ist of February, via Southampton. By the land closed mail, via Marseilles, on the eveningoill, the sth of February. Letters for Hong-bong e d Unless addressed " via Southampton," be forward the the closed . mail, via Marseilles, and will be liable Wo., same rate of postage as letters for India , fl oe, Is.' 10d., sent by the closed mail through qbo s6 which postage must be paid in advance. „ fli er Jotters, however, which are addressed "via P,,," tbe ampton," will be transmitted by that route, wit h e 4 c., mail for 'Bombay, at the rate of Is. the half.ounoe.'d, at may be pre-paid, or the letters may be sent noP al . n ets , the option of the sender. British newsP' h e duly stamped, addressed to Hong-Hong, forwarded, via Southampton, free of postage. „ i 17e which are f orwar d e d v i a M arse ill es , .tr . "" liable to a postage of 3d. each. SydneY'ls South Wales.—The Mary Sharp, for the to the eVenin e g of the 31st instant. The rate of posob pot be charged on all letters for New South Wraje e ' ti ocet market by "Private Ship," will be Is. per half aped .which must 'be paid in advance. British new e l ) / GB duly stamped, may be forwarded by the packets a. pottage. • ee tiOg CHARTIST MOVEMENT.—At delegated 0 . 3 0 0 held yesterday, in the Hall of the Political and Sltbirti Institution, Turnagain-lain, in which upwards O L , 0 5 societies embracing the metropolis and suburnr;oir represented ; Mr. Cuffey (Westminster) in the `;1. -pair ,a resolution was proposed by Mr. Stalvvook4o/10,' mersmith), seconded • by Mr. Padderton ( I T loll" • bone); and was carried unanimously with r cheers. It was to the effect that the ra ec " — fot P ig commend each locality to elect a sub-Comroitte e, iodg e , purpose of causing all compound householders or to then -renting to the value of 1 01 . per annum, favourable eta"' views, to be entered on the Parliamentary e' 81A register.. IgERCANTILE FAILURES.—WhiIe coMu ler e ce i l l manufactures are rapidly reviving in the south, i v , p o re st", to state that the flax and linen trades on the s a te , Scotland are at present extremely depressed. t" : " 0 itir% day-last there were four considerable failures ',-,011de,v.0 aldy, and this week an old established hous e in or l lo chiefly in the Baltic trade, has stopped paY lpe e n o 00 04 engagements are variously reported at from v it 100,000/.—Perth paper. , AO' 1 13Ai) EFFECTS OF F ILTH AND birl-711." anonis computed by qualified authorities, that the,.. r eo n , loss of life from filth an d b a d ve ntilation is grey wars the loss from death or wounds in any which this country has been engaged. The -'" idow of r l • irst i mo dero„,,, o r.lo, Commissioners state that "of the 43,000 cases re v -hood, and 112.000 cases of destitute orphanaget_e it 0 from the poor's rates of England and Wales nit ) " ' bee , f the pears that the greatest proportion of deaths o .. 0 30 of families occurred from disease propaga ted b y abocauki." . . ~ y, i ... L. Th gage( relati Pc AI ford, suit, c Th( Vrisor eOltp a Was pa ther e , The Yo, d