The Sun. — London, England, 1844-01-18 00:00:00

But, though their clay be far w.vay Beyond the Atlantic foam— In true men, like you, men, Their spirit's still at borne. The dust of seine is. Irish earth; Amon their own they rest; And the same land that gave them birth Has caught them to her breast; And we will pray that from their clay Full many a race may start Of true men, like you, men, To act as brave a part. They rose in dark and evil days To right their native land; They kindled here a living - blaze That nothing shall withstand. Alas ! that Might can vanquish Right — They fell and pass'd away; But true men, like you, men, Are plenty here to-day. Then here's their memory—may it be For us a guiding light, To cheer our strife for liberty, And teach us to unite. Through good and ill, be Ireland's still, Though sad as theirs your fate; And true men be you, men, Like those of Ninety-Eight. These were the publications, continued the Hon. and Learned Gentleman, by which it was intended to poison the minds of the people ; this was one single specimen Of this volume. He had examined the publications of 172 7, and in the Press, a paper published at that period, he had found nothing more exciting. On the 29th of an article appeared, called " Something is Corning," The Learned Gentleman then read the article at length. It contained allusions to sympathy from France and America, and it exhorted the people to watchfulness, patience, and courage. It said that Eng land was crippled, and her finances were declining, but called on the people not to be premature. It then referred ,to the meeti ng of 300,000 persons, which it said would cafile the foe. In the same publication there was an article headed " Our Nationality," which stated that they h ad no foes but the Saxons, and they ought not to de spair. Tipperary had exhibited itself in peaceful array, and that 9 0,000 Tipperary men, who would as soon be called on to pay their blood as their subscriptions, would not form a bad national guard for Ireland. He had stated what was the opinion of the late Govern -111, ent with respect to the repeal of the union, and lie would now read the declaration made by Sir R. Peel ...nit the H ouse o f C om mons on the 9th of May. The L earned,, Gentleman then quoted the words used by Sir reel on that occasion, in which he said that a repeal of the union meant a dismemberment of the empire, and e very prerogative of the Crown and the Executive would be,, used to p u t it down. A similar declaration was made ~°Y the D u k e o f Wellington in the house of Lords. Within five days after that declaration the meeting at M iillingar took place. At that meeting Mr. O'Connell, 4 r- Steele, Dr. Gray, and Mr. Barrett, were present. There was a great display of banners at it, and the bands of the Temperance Societies, which he believed were formed with no political motive by the Rev. Gentleman who was at the head of them, were present, and as in the 'ear 1797 sobri e ty was recommended by the United I rishmen, so it was also recommended at present. On o ne of the banners was inscribed the motto, " That a na tion of 9,000,000 was too great to be dragged at the tail of another nation." Mr. Barrett spoke at the dinner after that meeting, and said that they would crouch, but crouch like the tiger, ready to spring forward on those who wou ld t ouc h their independence. The Learned Gentleman then described the meetings which took place in Cork and other places, and the language which had been used at them by Mr. O'Connell, the Right Rev. Dr. Cant- Dr. Higgins, and other speakers, which has been before the public before. The next meeting took place at Longford, on the 28th of May. At this meeting fr . O'Connell and Mr. Steele were present, at which bet ween 60,000 and 200,000 persons were said to be Present. Persons from the diocese of Ardagh, which extended to seven counties, were present. Parties from the several counties came attended by bands. No less an eight bands were present. The platform was sur ‘ m ounted with t h e mo tt o , "Ireland for the Irish, and the e lrish for Ireland." On one of the banners it was, that a na tion of 9,000,000 was too great to be dragged at the tail ,of another nation. At t':at meeting Mr. O'Connell ° Kei and asked whether France and America would rq uietly by while they saw Ireland trampled under t• From this it was clear that it was the into of France and other Powers which W as to right Ireland, and not any constitutional Mean s- He also said that if they were at tacked he would, in their name, set those w ho attacked them at defiance. At the dinner, which took place in the evening, and at which 1)r. Gray was Present, Mr. O'Connell used language similar to what he used at Cork. In the Pilot of the 31st May Mr. O'Con nell corrected that portion of his reported speech, in which h e called the British army " a ruffian soldiery," and he deelared that he never applied the term " ruffian" to, the army, f or if h e h a d d o ne s o it would be false. The 'inject of his now referring to that correction of the traverser's speech would be seen presently. The next Meeting to which he would advert was one held at ..„,Drogheda o n th e sth o f June, at which Mr. Barrett, Dr- Gray, and the Rev. Mr. Tyrrell, since deceased. w ere present, and there was also a dinner in tne evening, at which Mr. Steele and Mr. Barrett Made speeches in which were passages alluding to what the speakers would be desirous of doing in case the people of Ireland were driven to resistance. On the Bth of June there were also a meeting and dinner at Kil kenny, when Mr. O'Connell, speaking of the sergeants of the British army, expressed a hope that they would soon be in a position to become commissioned officers. Two days after that meeting an article appeared in the newspaper of one of the traversers, headed , " The Mora. lay of W , War ;" it should rather be headed The Morality of Rebellion." In that article the writer pointed out what he conceived the circumstances under which war was justifiable. That article showed the parity of design which existed between the conspirators. At Mallow the next meeting was held, and at it there Were said to be present between 300,000 and 400,000, and at which Mr. O'Connell said " that they (the Irish people) might soon be put to the alter native of living as slaves, or dying as freemen." At those meetings temperance bands attended, and the people marched so as to show the organisation that had b een effected among the Repealers. In Dundalk the next Lue eting was held on the 29th of June, when similar o rganisati on was displayed, where Mr. O'Connell said that he felt sometimes tempted to wish that the Govern ment would attack them (the Repealers), but that was a wil dand improper wish, and that he never indulged in At that meeting the traverser, Mr. O'Connell, like- Wise pointed out his plan for reviving the Irish Parlia ment, which he stated could be done by means of the terogative of the Crown, and without applying to the ritish Parliament at all. Could it be that a lawyer, emi nent in his profession as the traverser, Mr. O'Connell, None!poke as he believed when he laid down such a doe in the face of the 3d article of the Act of Union ? w, he ask e d, was th e re any counsel on the other side w 'T would say that the Act of Union is void? Mr O'CoI4NELL—Yes. T he ATTORNEY-GENEBAL—MikSS he said that the 44 Was void, no language would declare that the prero gative h. _ of the Crown was in existence to the extent it was bal d stated to be. At the next meeting, which was 13 , in Donnybrook on the 3d of July, Mr. Connell inculcated, as at other similar assemblies, V e •and order—the absence of riot and tumult, and h e they s h ould have the country s h ort l y to t h emse l ves. am object o f th a t ex h orta ti on t o the observance of peace f,..".l:Juiet, w as t o carry th e d es i gns o f th e conspirators ; ,Z . l l th e peace were not kept unt il t h e consp i racy was I , 4 :Lured its purpose would be frustrated. At that meet i%alsoi the traverser told his hearers that the Asso l'°n would meet on the morrow, when he would hand 117 ' I2 SZ from America ; and he asked, what would elfin t • 1,, on and Peel think of that ? In the course, too, ts observations he cited the often-quoted words of •k e r t, Saurin, Lord Chief Justice Buslie, and Lord Mull of „in which those celebrated men opposed the passing ai _wp Act of Union, in order to show that, in the l I „ ei t c Lion of these high authorities, the Act of Union was of ,• Be (the Attorney-General) ' denied that the Act I.o'-inion was void, or that by the prerogative of the n the Irish Parliament could be revived authorities be b• Act of Union h as e were d oe a y the tre rser. were On suc the 19th th of y p July there retende was iii b e e cting at Tullamore, at which the same la'ge num _ were present, and the same organisation exhibited • the other meetings to which he had adverted. Mr. „vok.2?rinell spoke at the meeting, and told them that lie / le u ld now announce to them that the repeal was certain, t i ni asked them if he could not call them together at any tout'e and at any day in the week. A voice then cried " The sooner you want us the better." This was Put a the only meeting at which a similar question was nd answered. He said that no General were , the tTnunded by such soldiers, because they were the jps _ , br avest and most moral people in the world. He then 4. 1 7 e with regard to some repeaters who had voted for a ue ,?rY, and he advised the people not to associate with • 4 Persons. Such was the system by which persons forcedinto the altrepe movement. This was the f re 7 s loni that was so much alked ot: Did not such t oo ' k uora always lead to tyranny ? The next meeting be place at the Association, in which he believed that wench of the conspiracy which related to the appoint tn was first broached. Mr. O'Conn e ll, of a eech upon the subject, said that the credit balled on the idea belonged to Dr. Gray, whom he n on to second it. The next meeting took place ce o - usain on the 24th of July, at which Messrs. 1 4, °n nell; Mr. Steele, and Mr. Barrett, were present. bands were was composed of the usual number, and Casi o were present at it. Mr. O'Connell, on that oc cf thne' addressed the people in inflammatory language of same description. He now came to the month A ugust ; b u t as i t would not b e poss ibl e f or hi m to c ;:i t e_iude that n i g h t, and as the jury must naturally b e res sed, he would, if the Court had no objection irtt i ibo e n9 . _ the re ma i n d er of his statement till to-morrow. ClitEr JUSTICE said he would not press his pro- Cu lit ihnegwtth the case if the jury felt at all distressed. wished t o know from the Attorney-General W hethe r he had taken it into his consideration what was to b e , ono :restecl with 'ltrEY ,rheo AT. : . l o .ith the jury in the meantime ? ;as that the GENERAL said he believed the matter time Court altogether ; but his own opinion jury ought not to be allowed to separate. strYitrco_uld. be accommodated in some hotel, aed the e a i tted Ji l ouicl see that no communication would be per he c ern ' 4 IEF JUSTICE asked Mr. Moore if he had con rd th e k r A _`object ? m r. • 1140_0,11e: replied in the negative. hi st muton, the foreman, said it would be attended l ocked mous consequences uccicocrpajmt yosnT tih or t tow two.—(Laughter.) .11_6 ( r Laug h businesses tero if they were et s o ,„„ . CE---I hope there is no danger of Captain Roper said it would be a serious injury to them if they were not allowed to go home at night to to give some consideration to their affairs. Mr. Rigby, another of the jury, said that he was him self a person of active habits, and during the last two days he had sat longer than for the last six months— (Laughter)—he was accustomed to be on toot ('or nine or ten hours a day, and he was already beginning to feel the effects of sitting so long. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL said, that if the Court con sented to allow the jury to go home, he hoped they would take measures to allow no communication to be- made to them. In saying this, he did not mean to cast the least imputation on the traversers or their attorneys; but it might be done by persons who were not in the least concerned in the cause. Mr. Rigby said, that if any person interfered with him, he should feel it his duty to communicate it imme diately to the Court. The other jurors made similar declarations. Mr. MOORE said, that as it appeared to be the desire of the Court to afford every convenience possible to the jury, and as the Attorney-General seemed to assent to the jury going home at night, he, on the part of all the traversers, begged to state that he had no objection to the jury being allowed every possible convenience; and he hoped that no party whatever.would interfere with any of the jury. The CHIEF JUSTICE then said, that if any interference were made with any of the jurors, he hoped they would reject it, and inform the Court of it. They could now retire to their homes, and at tend to-morrow at ten o'clock. The Court then adjourned. THE F 1 NCH BUDGET. (From the Quotidienne.) M. Lacave Lap!ague is certainly an able financier, but he will not easily create a belief in the equilibrium of his budget for 1845. It will be in vain for him to classify and arrange his figures in ranks ; he will never conceal the deficit so completely as not to be found out by the tax-payers and by the treasury itself. The Minister, to establish his equilibrium, has entrenched himself behind an old and worn-out fiction—the distinction between the ordinary budget and the extraordinary budget—a subtle distinction,' but which does not make it less necessary to dip into the same purse to meet ex penses so happily distinguished. Expenses are paid by receipts, and, when these are insufficient, there is a de ficit. This truism needs no demonstration ; but we will, nevertheless, take the trouble of proving to M. Lacave Laplagne that his equilibrium is a pure illusion, and that the budget for 1845 is in deficit, like all budgets since 1830. BUDGET OF EXPENSES. F. Ordinary Extraordinary Total 1,372,538,141 Budget of receipts Excess of expenses over receipts This is the true state of the account, and no arithmeti cal artifice can alter it. At present, therefore, the budget of 1845 presents a deficit of nearly ninety six millions. When the inevitable supplementary cre dits, those satellites of the budget, have been realised, this deficit will be still greater. M. Lacave Laplagne has divided the extraordinary budget into two por tions. The first is of 62,431,344 f., which will be paid out of the loan of 450,000,000 f. The second is of 34,000,000 f., which is carried to the charge of the float ing debt. This is the chapter of railroads. The loan takes its rise from the deficit ; for if there were no deficit there would be no loan. The floating debt, a for tiori, constitutes a deficit. It is true that M. Lacave Laplagne calls this extraordinary resources. We will ad mit him to do so, for words are as nothing against facts ; but still it remains that all the expenses which exceed the amount of the produce of the State domains, the duties and the taxes, leave a deficit which must be co vered by extraordinary resources, that is to say, by malt ing loans and consolidating Treasury bonds. This opera tion, from 1837 to 1853, the period assigned for the com pletion of the extraordinary public works, will have loaded the annual budget with 66,000,000 f. rentos. This clearly appears to be in our eyes a deficit, and the Com mittee on the budget for 1844 was of the same opi nion. Such are the effects of what are called extraordi nary resources, and which 11. Lacave Laplagne has attempted to dissimulate in his speech on presentinz the budget for 1845. The Minister of Finances has not only occupied himself with the future, he has thought it necessary to give the accounts of the past, and has dressed them up by the same process as that by which he concocted the budget for 1845. Ile has cut off with out any hesitation hundreds of millions from the side of the expenditure. We have looked into the actual state of our finances, and found that, at the end of 1843, there was a deficit on the budget of ordinary expenses, to the amount of 540 millions. 'rhis was composed of a deficit prior to 1840 of 256 millions of the deficits of 1841, 1842, and 1843, and finally of supplementary credits and extraordinary charges carried to this last year's account. M. Lacave Laplagne, to simplify the statement, does not trouble himself with the deficit anterior to 1840, and finds it to suit his purpose better to stop at the end of 1844, in order to embody in his ways and means the reserve of the sinking-fund. By this stratagem, and by bringing into the account some attenuations of credits, and an increase in the produce of the indirect taxes, he *educes the deficit of the ordi nary budgets at the end of 1844 to 151,000,000 f. As the Minister was in such a good train, it would have cost him but little more to have reduced the deficit down to zero. M. Lacave Laplagne knows, how ever, that the Chamber, notwithstanding its habitual complaisance, and above all, in voting the budget, will not be deluded by such a phantasmagoria of figures. In fact, the Committee on the Budget for 1844, in its report, page 12, established the deficit previous to that year at 504,000,000 f. If the be added to this sum the supple mentary credits decreed since the closing of the session, we arrive at the sum we have already given. The Minister of the Finances cannot dispute the cor rectness of this amount. It has been reduced, it is true, by some annulments of credits, and, as we have before said, by an increase in the produce of the taxes. But these two circumstances do not make any sen sible alteration in the total, and much less, as we have not yet come to the end of the supple mentary credits for 1843. Thus there is a deficit of about 500,000,000 f. in the ordinary budget on Ist January, 1844, and 96,000,000 f, left uncovered in that for 1845. This will be our real situation on the Ist of January, 1846, without mentioning the engagements en • tered into for extraordinary public works." TTIE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EN ENI NG, JANUARY 18, 1844. LLOYD'S SHIPPING. THE ALLEGED DETENTION OF A SUM OF MONEY BY THE PORTUGUESE GOVERNMENT. The following letter has been received at Lloyd's:— Foreign-office, Jan. 15, 1844. Gentlemen,—With reference to my letter of the sth inst., I am directed by the Earl of Aberdeen to acquaint you, that her Majesty's Government have been informed by Lord Howard de Walden. her Majesty's Minster at Lisbon, that Mr. Consul Smith has received from the Portuguese Minister of Finance a note, stating his readiness to make over the proceeds of the sale of the Chatham to any general representative of all the parties interested, who may be empowered to give the Portu guese Government a general release, or, in lieu thereof, to fur nish that Government with adequate security, &c. (Signed) To Aressrs. Alelhuish, Gray, and Co. CANNING. VEaSELS srexxv WIT/I.—Nassau, Amsterdam to Batavia, Nov. 28th, lat. 22 S., lon. 29 W. ; Brazilian Packet, of and from Newcastle, 9th ult., lat. 2 S., lon. 28 W. ; Ocean, of Philadelphia, 16th, lat. 13 N., lon. 33 ; Leo Nicholas, Barce lona to Charleston, 25th, lat. 26, lon. 38, by the Monarch, ar rived at Penzance. Tioza, New Orleans to Liverpool, 7th inst., lat. 50, lon. 20, by the Clydesdale, arrived at Liverpool. Britannia (steamer), Liverpool t• Halifax, 10th, lat. 56, lon. 16, by the Siddons, arrived at Liverpool. THE LATE CASE OF HYDRO PHOBIA. Last night an inquest was held at St. Thomas's Hos pital, before William Payne, Esq., on the body of Enos llayward, aged 14 years, who died from hydrophobia. , Some of the particulars of this case were given in The Sun of Tuesday last—in addition to which it was stated to the jury that the deceased, at the time he was bitten, was in the act of tying a tin kettle to the tail of the dog; the bite wtr§ on the lower part of the left cheek—the dog was a sort of tan terrier, and on the following day was again seen about the premises, when three dogs belong ing to the yard set upon it, and broke three of its ribs, and otherwise mangled it; it, however, escaped into a neighbouring gentleman's grounds, where in a few days afterwards it was found dead. One of the other dogs had since died, and the other two were kept tied up, but had shown no symptoms of being in a rabid state. The Coroner recommended that to prevent the possibility of any further mischief they should be destroyed. Mr. Depkiel, the house surgeon of the hospital, stated that when the deceased was brought in he was suffering from tetanus. Medicines were administered •to him, but he continued to get worse, and between nine and ten o'clock became excessively violent, and at ten minutes before eleven o'clock expired. Coroner—Of what disease did he in your opinion die ? Witness-0f hydrophobia—the symptoms were decidedly marked. Coroner—You have, I believe, no cure for that malady? Witness—None whatever. By the sugge-tion of the Coroner the jury returned a verdict that" the deceased died from hydrophobia. A melancholy occurrence took place at Alalden, a little village between Cheam and Kingston, on Saturday night. It appears that the servant of Mr. Richardson, a farmer of that place, had occasion to get a pair of boots from under a b e d i n w hi c h t h ree o f h er master's child ren were asleep, and while she was stooping for that pur pose, by some means th e can dl e i gn it e d th e bed furniture, and in an instant the bed was enveloped in flames. The poor children shrieked violently, and the police constable on duty in the village, accompanied by the landlord of the Plough public-house, made their way into the house, and by their exertions the fire was soon extinguished, but not before all the children were dreadfully burnt. Mr. Kingsford, a medical man of Kingston, promptly attended, and did all in his power to alleviate the suffer ings of the poor children, but one o f th em was so se verely injured, that it died on Monday night. The ser vant in her endeavours to rescue the children was also very much scorched and injured. An inquest has since been held by Mr. Carter, the Coroner, and a verdict of " Accidental Death," returned. LIE TRADE OF TILE TYNE.—We are ena bl e d t o state the custom-house receipts of the port of Newcastle in the year 1843, and we give them in comparison with those of the previous year : Duties received in 1842 £432,787 0 1 Duties received in 1843 494,524 2 9 Increase in 184 3 61,737 2 8 The increase is owing, almost altogether, to the duties paid on the importation of corn from abroad, and on the exportation of coal to foreign countries.--Gateshead Observer. • ,_ POLICE INTELLIGENCE (YE ' , TER DA Y.) MANS I ON-111 011 SE. Yesterday sveral proofs were exhibited in the .Tustiee-room of the injudieoustie,s of departing from the regulation lai I down by the Lord Mayor for preventing the obstructions which have so long disgraced the great thoroughfares of the City. His Lordship, after having inflicted the extreme fines in the cases proved before him, after the public notice given that there should be no exemption, was obliged to accept the services of a brother Magistrate in the performance of the duties, on a day appointed for the hearing of various charges against omnibus and cab-drivers for loitering. On that occasion the Alderman who acted as locum tenens for his Lordship, disposed of the cases without inflicting either serious penalties or censure. The consequence was, a report was quickly circulated amongst the fraternity that the severity of the Mansion-house was at an end, and Cornhill, the Poultry, and Cheapside, began to resume their former appearance, and the drivers disregarded the orders of the policemen, who were ordered to compel them to move on at a proper pace. Yesterday twelve omnibus drivers were summoned by the policemen, who declared that the defendants had relapsed into their old style of crawling. His LORDSHIP-1 shall sit on every Wednesday myself to meet with people of this description ; and I shall suffer no case to escape. Let the summonses be made out accordingly. His LORDSHIP listened calmly to the numerous ingenious reasons of the defendants, but inflicted the full penalty allowed by the law in every instance. ' One driver was summoned under peculiar circumstances. He had, he acknowledged, loitered, but he could not help it, as two omnibuses, the owners of which wanted to drive him cff the road, crawled along, the one before and the other behind him, and prevented him from receiving a passenger. The Loan Mayoa. having been informed by the policeman that the case of the defendant was such as had been represented discharged the man without putting him to the least expense, and fined the two delinquents to the full extent. BOW-STREET. A young man, who was dressed in the garb of a stableman, named Henry Alford, was charged before Mr. Twyford with obtaining, by means of forged orders, a quantity of horse brushes, horse blankets, &c., from Mr. Davies, brush-maker, of 33, Strand. _ _ It appeared that the prisoner was formerly a stableman in the service of Mr. Henry Gray, the extensive livery-stable proprietor, in Earl-street, Illackfriars. He was, however, dis charged from this employment about three months ago. About a fortnight back he presented two orders, signed " Henry Gray," to Mr. Davies, in the Strand, requesting him to send half-a-dozen brushes of a particular kind, half-a-dozen other brushes, alai a quantity of horse blankets. Mr. Gray was not in the habit of dealing with Mr. Davies, but knowing him to be a respectable man, and in such a way of business as likely to require so many brushes, the latter gentleman immediately executed the order. It was afterwards discovered that the order presented by the prisoner had been forged. In con sequence of this information was given to the police, and about a week ago the prisoner was taken into custody by a City policeman. There wero three other similar cases of forgery against the prisoner. The prisoner said nothing in his defence, and he was fully committed for trial. _ _ vv Charlotte Scott, charged with forging the name of an old woman for the purpose of obtaining the sum of 601. from the Provident Institution in St. Martin's-lane, whose ease ap peared in The Sun of the 10th instant, was brought up yester day afternoon for final examination, and fully committed to Newgate for trial. Two young men named Henry Johnson and Henry Timson, both of whom had been remanded, were sentenced to three months' imprisonment each, the one for attempting to pick pockets in the pit of Drury-lane Theatre, and the other for attempting to rick pockets in the Adelaide Gallery. Timson was committed as a rogue and vagabond, and a solicitor who appeared for him gave notice of his intention of appealing against the decision of the magistrate. WORSHIP-STREET. Yesterday a respectably-dressed young man, named Edward Biggs, about 20 years of age, was charged, before Mr. Broughton with threatening to take the life of Sergeant Hawkes, 6 N. Sergeant Hawkes stated that the prisoner's parents and con noxious are of the highest respectability at Haekney,„wheie his father, a man of good pror,erty, has resided for many years: The prisoner had received an excellent education, but in con sequence of his mother supplying him liberally with money, and indulging him in every extravagance and folly, he had given himself up entire'y to dissipation, was almost constantly intoxicated, and had formed a very bad set of connexions. Having just before Christmas heard that a policeman of his divi►ien, named Read, was constantly in the prisoner's com pany, drinking with him at public-houses, and neglecting his duty, he made it a point to watch Read's conduct; and from this arose the prisoner's hostility to himself. Read was reported to the Commissioners shortly afterwards, and, in consequence, discharged from the force. While on duty at Homerton on Friday he detected the prisoner coming up stealthily behind him, with an evidently hostile intent, and, though the witness remonstrated with him and tried to avoid him by going in another direction, he was followed perseveringly by the pri soner, who grossly insulted and threatened him. On Saturday night, at nine o'clock, while on duty, the prisoner's mother sent for the witness to her house, during the prisoner's absence from home, and cautioned him to keep out of the way of her son, or he would certainly be injured, as the prisoner had threatened to take his life. Sergeant Gilliver was on duty at the Hackney-station, be tween one and two o'clock on Saturday,when the prisoner came there in a state of intoxication, and asked for Hawkes, saying that he had had some words with him, that he was determined to do for him, and that he should feel more pleasure in shooting Hawkes than he should in having a good dinner. John You, another policeman, was standing at the bar of a public-house in Morning-lane, Hackney, on Saturday night, at 10 o'clock, when the prisoner, who was not then sober, came in. Here he again asked for Hawkes, and told the witness five or six times that he was determined to have his life. At this time the butt end of a pistol was projecting from his breast pocket, but as he threatened to fire at any one who interfered with him, the witness was afraid to attempt to take it from him. The prisoner then went into the Ship, and seeing Richard Jennings, another policeman, sitting there, asked him for Hawker, threatening to sin for him, and pulling out a pistol, which was ready codked, and had a percussion cap on it. Jen nings went down stairs to get assistance, and while there heard the prisoner calling out for the police. On going back into the parlour he found that a young man named Fox, to whom the prisoner had exhibited his pistol, and uttered threats against Hawkcs, had waited until he had returned the pistol to his pocket, and then, watching an opportunity, had succeeded, after a sharp struggle, in taking it from him. Fox delivered up the pistol to Jennings, who, on examining it, found it loaded to the muzzle, and on unloading it found five balls in it. Mr. Heritage, for the prisoner, contended that as ne actual violence had been offered to the officer, there was in fact no ground for detaining his client, who had merely conducted himself in the wild and thoughtless manner that young men of his age sometimes do, without an intention of reaily committing an offence. Mr. BROUGHTON, however, said that this was another and a melancholy instance of the evil effects of early habits of in temperance, and of the extreme folly of parents permitting their children to indulge in every extravagance and caprice their whims might lead to. The offence of resisting the officer had been clearly proved, and his judgment was that the prisoner be confined in the House of Correction for one month, with hard labour, and at the expiration of that time find two sureties in 1001. each, or four sureties in 50/. each, to keep the peace for six months. LAMBETH-STREET. On Tuesday Benjam i n 80u, , e11, who described himself as a clerk in the employment of Mr. Chisholm, in Cook's-court, Carey-street, Lincoln's Inn-fields, with two women residing in Wellclose-square, arid Hall, a constable belonging to the parish of St. George's-in-the-East, attended before Mr. Henry, for the purpose of putting in the necessary securities required by the statute, the 2Sth of George HI., to prosecute and give evidence against the keepers of two brothels in Ship-alley, Wellclose square, in an indictment at the Sessions. Mr. Henry observing that the name of a person named West appeared as the prosecutor in the case, inquired who and what Mr. West was, when Mr. Chisholm's clerk replied that he was a gentleman, en a thick set plain looking personage stepped forward and announced himself as the Mr. West, whose name appeared as prosecutor. Mr. Henry thinking it somewhat extraordinary that a person who had been represented as a gentleman and who lived so far removed from the nuisance should have been the party to pro secute, and not the parish officers, closely questioned him. He represented himself as an accountant, and said that he had been the prosecutor in several cases of a similar description in the parish of St. Pancras. Mr. HEN its', on referring to the statute under which the proceedings were taken, found that each of the inhabitants pro secuting such a nuisance would be entitled to the payment of 101„ arid that the constable also would be entitled to his ex_ penses from the parish. This induced the worthy Magistrate to investigate the matter closely, and on questioning Mrs. Smith, the owner et some houses in Ship-alley, she admitted that at a' late session holden in Wellclose-square she had applied to the Chairman and Magistrates there for advice to know how she was to get rid of the nuisance of two brothels, as her property was considerably deteriorated thereby. The Court then, ad vised her to apply to the parish' authorities, who were bound to prosecute, as the only means of getting rid of the evil. Some days after the person representing himself as Mr. West called upon her, and representing himself as the agent of a number of clergymen and gentlemen who had associated themselves toge ther for the purpose of suppressing such nuisances, said he would undertake the prosecution of the parties in her neighbourhood. She expressed herself extremely grateful, and Mr. West got her, as well as another inhabitant of the neighbourhood, to sign an agreement to hand over to him (Mr. West) any sum or sums of money to which they might be entitled from the parish. Mr. West, who evidently felt annoyed at these awkward dis closures, confessed the fact that he made his living by such Prosecutions. Mr. HENRY, under the circumstances, refused to sanction the proceedings in the absence of the parish officers, and post poned the case to yesterday. Yesterday, Mr. Stutfield, the churchwarden, Mr. Johnston, one of the overseers, and Mr. Howell, the vestry-clerk, of St. George's, as well as the other partie before alluded to, were in attendance, when Mr. HENRY, after mentioning the circumstances to the parish officers, said, on looking into the law upon the case, - he .had discovered in the Ist ofl3arnewall and Alderson, page 694, a case precisely similar to the present, wherein the Court of King's Bench bad ruled that none but the parish officers could prosecute in such cases. Mr. Stutfield requested to state, that some days ago West called at his counting-house, and presented a long list of names of persons, whom he described to be clergymen and gentlemen of the highest respectability at the west end of the town, and who were members of an Association to put down the nuisance of houses of ill-fame. He also said that he was about to under take the prosecution of the two houses in Ship-alley, and save the parish the trouble of doing so. At this time he (Mr. Stutfield) had no idea whatever that the parish would be liable to pay 20/. for his disinterested services. Mr. HxNY read from the judgment, in the case which he had before quoted, the expression of Mr. Justice Bayley, who said that it was very important that such prosecutions should be conducted by a parish constable and not by a private indi vidual. _ . The parish officers promised to indict the parties, and secure the persons, and 111 r. West and 11. Ir. Chisholm's clerk left the Court completel,y crest-fallen. UNION-HALL. Yesterday Henry Newman, a builder, residing at Stockwell, was brought up for reexamination, charged with forgery. Mr. Wilkins, the barrister, attended on behalf of the pri soner. _ . . _ _ Mr. Mark Markwick, stated that he resided at No. 16, Arthur-street, Red Lion-square, and that he became ac quainted with the prisoner in August, 1842. In the month of May, 1843, the prisoner was indebted to him a sum amounting to between 1001. and 1501., money which he had advanced to him from time to time. There was no account rendered, but the prisoner gave him an order upon the Eastern Counties Railway as security. In March or April last the prisoner said he would get him a bill for 301., at two months, from Mr. H. Pain, of the Loughborough-road, surveyor, he (complainant) at the time being pressing for money in payment of the advances he had made. On the 17th of May the prisoner brought him a bill purporting to be accepted by Henry Pain for 201., and he said that Mr. Pain refused to give a bill for a larger sum or for a less date than three months. The complainant produced the bill in question, and added that when it became due it was then thaceYered that the aceepter'l MIS WU krgery. The complainant, in his cross-examination by Mr. Wilkins, admitted that the accused had brought an action against him, for the recovery of 1,100!., which action was now pending. lie (complainant), however, declared that he was not indebted to him in any amount. Hoary Pain being sworn, stated that he was acquainted with the prisoner. 'I he bill in question was here shown to witness, and on examinlng it he said the acceptance was not in his handvvrithig, and he never authorised the prisoner to sign or accept any bill for him. Mr. Wilkins here called forward a witness named Simpson, a builder, who, in reply to the Learned Counsel's questions, said that some time since he had an interview with Mr. Pain, and then asked him whether he accepted the 201. bill in the hands of Mr. Markwick, or whether he had given the pri soner any authority to do so ? The amwer Mr. Pairs gave was, that it was not his signature, but that he authorised the accused to accept the bill, and he added that he was not at home when it was presented for payment. Thomas Edwards stated that he was present during a con versation between the prisoner and Pain, on tire subject of the bill in question, and heard the latter say that in the event of Mr. Markwick giving the prisoner into custody, to send for him, and that he would exonerate him from all blame in the transaction, for that he (Pain) had given him authority to put his acceptance to the bill in question. The MAGISTRATE then called forward Mr. Pain, and ad dressing him said—l now ask you whether you mentioned in the presence of the last witness that you had given the pri soner authority to put your signature to the bill? Mr. Pain— It is not true. The MAGISTRATE said, that as Mr. Pain had positively sworn that he had not given the prisoner the authority as serted, he shou!d send the case before a jury, but under all the circumstances would accept bail for the prisoner's ap pearance. KINGSTON. A labourer, who gave the name of Benjamin Milne, was brought before Messrs. King and Roots, the presiding Magis trates, at the Town-hall, to answer a charge of committing a daring robbery upon a young lady named Julia M'Lean. Miss M'Lean deposed, that on Sunday evening she was re turning home from church along the Ham-road, when she ob served a person, who resembled the prisoner, walk past her, and, when he had got a short distance, he stopped short until she got up to him, when h e sna t c h e d at her reticule, and tore it violently from her arm, and ran off with it. She gave an alarm immediately, and several persons went off in the direc tion the man had taken who robbed her. The prisoner was soon afterwards brought to her, but although he very much re sembled the robber in size and general appearance, she could not speak positively to his identity. Sergeant Martin, of the V division, deposed, that, upon hearing of the robbery, he went to a lodging-house in Kings ton, known by the name of the Quart Pot, and he there appre hended the prisoner from the description Miss M'Lean had given of the man who robbed her. She could not, however, identify him. Witness afterwards made a search in the direc tion in which the man ran away, and he picked up the reticule, which was wrapped up in a handkerchief, and lying under the doorway of an old house. The constable added that he could not trace the property in any way to the possession of the prisoner. In answer to the charge, the prisoner declared that he was innocent, and he said he had come to Kingston to sell Con greve;,matches, and he had no other means of getting his living The MAGISTRATES said the case was very suspicious, but as there was not sufficient evidence of the robbery, they should send him as a rogue and vagabond for a month to the House of Correction. PARIS GAIETIES.—The Count de Rambuteau, Pre fect of the Seine, gave, on Saturday evening, his first ball for the season, at the Hotel de, Ville. The gildings and paintings of its splendid saloons seemed to be augmented in number and beauty ; and the dazzling brilliancy of the lights, playing upon the jewellery and rich dresses of the finest and most elegant women of Paris, made this, as they have ever done the fetes given at th e H o t e l d e Vill e , th e mos t agreeable in France. Fo reigners of distinction never leave Paris without having gained admittance to the balls of the Count de Rambuteau. Among those present on this occssion we remarked her Royal High ness the Duchess of Braganza, the Duke d'Ossuna, the Prince and Princess d'Anglona, the Duke San Teodoro, the Duke and Duchess de Gagliera, the Austrian Ambassador and the Countess d'Appony, the Sardinian Ambassador, the Countess of Luxbarg and danghter," and the Bavarian and Danish Ministers. Among the numerous French visitors were the Baroness de Mackau, General and Baroness Athalin, and several Peers of France and Deputies, with their ladies. The supper-rooms were thrown open at twelve o'clock, and the tables were spread with every luxury. The dancing, animated by an excellent orchestra, was kept up to a very late hour. Golignani. EASTERN UNION RAILwAY.--We may now con gratulate the public on the certainty of there being a direct line of railway between Ipswich and London. The rival line has been abandoned. The Eastern Counties Railway express their wish to see the Ipswich line car ried out ; and still better than all, the money to form the railway has been fully subscribed. The shares have, we understand, been all taken up, and we have no doubt that the railway will be not only a benefit to the town and neighbourhood, but a safe investment for capital. These gratifying results are to be attributed to the energy and public spirit manifested by the inhabitants of Ipswich, to which we have frequently had the satisfac tion of giving expression ; and it would be injustice if we did not add that it was in a high degree owing to the vigilance aad indomitable resolution of Mr. J. C. Cob bold, whose zeal in this matter deserves the thanks of his fellow-townsmen.—lpswich Express. AN EDITOR'S SALARY.—At a conference of dele gates of the coal miners, held in Manchester a few days ago, the subject of the amount of salary to be paid to the editor of the Miner's Advocate, a fortnightly publication recently esta blished in this town, it was, after some discussion, agreed that twenty-one shillings per week be the amount of the editor's sa lary ! with an allowance of twenty shillings per annum, as a subscription to a news-room, to enable him to see the papers ! —Tyne Mercury. lc'e have heard that the Monopolists in this neigh bourhood are raising, not " heaven and earth," as the saying goes, but earth and the nether regions, to get up an Anti- League meeting. When such a monster as Monopoly dies, we must expect a struggle or two ; but we doubt if its friends here, with all their tine hatred to the good cause, will be able to effect anything in the way of staying Monopoly's progress to perdition. The cause is here, as everywhere else, hopeless,— Cambridge Advertiser. PLOUGHING MATCH BETWEEN Two FARMERS.— On Thursday last, there was an interesting exhibition of rural skill at Terling, when two farmers of the neigh bourhood, Mr. Balls, of that parish, and Mr. Warren, of Hatfield, each of them being quite positive in his own mind that he could best " draw the clean furrow and the level line," came forward to try their prowess in the plough-field. The stakes were an even 51. aside ; though if the adage holds good in husbandry, that " practice makes perfect," Mr. Balls had somewhat the advantage, inasmuch as he is often in the habit of holding the handle of " the good old plough," while Mr. Warren does not so frequently have a share in the matter. The match took place on the farm of Mr. Greenwood, and the competitors travelled over two stetches in very re spectable style ; but the judges, Mr. Speakman, of Fair sted Hall, and Mr. Ellis, of Hatfield, awarded the 51. and the palm of victory to Mr. Balls. The parties then retired to the White Hart, a: Terling, and over a flowing and a friendly glass, the health of the winner and suc cess to the plough, were given with the heartiness of: the Essex yeoman. The affair has awakened a spirit of emulation in the parish, and Mr. John Cousins and his six sons, will plough against any other farmer and his six sons in the county for 1001.—Essex Herald. of WAST E Lor d Nv L o r A s i N e D Y S —.ENCLOSURE ACT.--011 the motion last " of the true, ao rveersytilmonagterdeturn quantityw s n smadestatute u i t n e J m u e n a e . sure of all common or waste lands not being held in severalty, in every p ar i s h or t i t h e comm utation district, so far as the same can be ascertained from th e sc hed u l es to the agreement s or awards, or from the apportionments received by the Tithe Commissioners," and also " A Re turn of all Acts passed sin ce th e e ar 1800 for the En. closure of Common or waste Lands in England and Wales, not being h e ld i n severa l ty , distinguishing the parishes and counties in which the same were situated, together with the estimated number of Acts passed from 1800 to 1810, from 1810 to 1820, from 1820 to 1830, and from 1830 to 1840," Th e sum mary of England shows that in the forty counties the total quantity of land amounts to 6,718,523 acres, of which the quantity of common or waste land i s state d to be 1,358,419 acres. In Middlesex alone there are 1,321 acres of waste land. The largest quantity of waste land is in the North Riding of Yorkshire, there being no less than 132,815 acres of common or waste land out of a total of 1,897,592 acres, making a total of waste land in England and Wales of 1,860,232 out of the total of 8,616,115. By the second return it appears that from 18 00 to 1810 the number of Enclosure Acts passed was 905, from 1810 to 1820 the number was 741, from 1820 to 1830 the num ber was 192, and from 1830 to 1840 the number of En closure Acts was 125. REAL MONSTER AGITATION.—EXCLUSION OF THE PEOPLE or IRELAND FROM JURIES ON ACCOUNT OF THEIR RELIC lON. —No circumstance that ever occurred has excited the Catholic millions so universally and powerfully as the insult to their religion, their conscientious devotion to truth, and their honour, which has just been perpetrated by the Tory Government. The petitions, resolutions, and other communications, denunciatory of the insult and the wrong which have, by this day's post, poured in from every county of Ireland, are so multitudinous as to defy perusal within the day. They will be turned to proper account by the Committee in due time. We need only state as an additional proof, that the most moderate as well as the most distingui shed of th e C a th o li c body have joined the mighty bod y of the people of Ireland in this gigantic movement for the vindication of the national cha racter. We may state that at the great meeting held on the subject of the juries yesterday, in Drogheda, the chair was occuped by the most Rey. Dr. Crolly, Primate of Ireland.— Dublin Pilot. VIENNA, JAN. 2.—The fete ye s t er d ay at Prince i‘lett ernichwas one of the most splendid given by th e illus trious Prince for many years. The P r i nce entertained at dinner the Ministers of State and the corps diplmatique, and in the evening received, in the name of the Emperor, the congratulations, on the occasion of New Year's Day, from the nobility and foreigners of distinction at present here. His Imperial Highness the Archd uke Stephe n h as l e f t for Prague, to assume his high functions in the Bohemian capital. 'rho amiable character and disposition of the noble Prince are cal culated to produce most beneficial effects in that part of the Austrian dominions. Active correspondence is kept up be tween States, the neg o ti a ti ons f or h , this Court and those of France and Sa r di n i a rela to Spanish aff a irs, and at one time it waavothuoldughhatvtehaltedthteo when Court of Turin would have followed the Court o f N ap l es i n thetwhhe which recognition mwe were rstee op nb y the of the bestQ o u t e b e e r rs footinglsabella,l talia n the l as t news frbrn Spain occasioned again a pau se in regard to th e i ntention of the King of Sardinia on this subject. His Serene Highness the Grand Duke of Aleeklesehbius p rtnSoehrial wer H i n ig i h a n e e x as pe t c h te e d A h re er h e d , uk en e route for Italy, where Rayner intends repairing next month. The funeral of Prince Colloredo Mansfeld took place a few days ago. The Prince and was one of the who is a ca pt a i n in rdiedicheisnt noblementhe seventy-second u y n e t a r r y! of His aggoon,. the Emperor Ferdinand's Chasseur Regiment, succeeds to the princely fortune and title. the ed intention o f t h e C ounc il of by ANTI-CORN-LAW LEAGUE AND member on THE . i'h a e society of Cogers, who meet nightly at their ball in B eveningri Bride-lane, e - la last thatwas n iG wfoaram the League shortly to return to London t o renew t h e i r valuable a n d spirited exertions in favo ur o f f ree tra d e. Monday A. subscription in aid was suggested, and in a few minutes nearly 20/. was handed to the Secretary, although no previous notice had been given, and but few members present. The chief' object of an immediate contribution was to set an example to the munerous 1 societiss with which the metropolis ob9uuds. THE OREGON TERRITORY. In an article on this subject in The Sun of the 28th of December, we remarked on the menda cious nature of the whole statements contained in the President's Message relative to the pre tensions of the United States touching the terri tory in question. " The United States," said Mr. President Tyler, " hare always contended that their rights appertain to the entire re gion lying on the Pacific, and embraced within the 42d deg. and 54th deg. 40 min. of N. latitude." On that statement we then observed, "This is not even true. The original and subse quent pretensions of the United States on the territory were not at all to this extent." We had not, at the time, immediate access to the documents, but felt assured of our correct ness in impeaching the veracity of the American State Paper. In the last pub lished (January) Number of the Quarterly British and Foreign Review, we find not only' a remarkable confirmation of our objection, but of all the views which The Sun has announced within the last two or three months on this very " Oregon" question and so valuable a summary of the past history of the whole case, that we shall unhesitatingly avail ourselves of it in reclaiming the reader's attention to the course of transactions connected with it. The matter, always one of extreme intrinsic importance, has been so absurdly postponed, as to a final and definitive adjustment, by the diploma tists of this country, in their negotiations with Spain and Ivith Russia of half a cen tury ago, that it is not to be wondered at if the United States have cunningly endeavoured to found, on the very fact of this protracted unsettle ment between two or three great European Pollers, a fictitious and extravagant claim, on the usual Yankee principle of taking a large margin to allow of future abatements. It is not very likely that the absorbing interest even of the Irish State Trials, and other domestic questions which press for the immediate atten tion of Parliament, will induce the Legislature to allow this affair to remain over, many weeks, without placing it on a sound and becom ing footing. This footing we must rigor ously maintain and sternly enforce. In the matter of the north-eastern boundary, we have had enough of arbitrations, and. of the utter worthlessness of • American undertakings, to abide by the result of their own proposals for such reference. On the Oregon question the Reviewer remarks :—" Recent movements in America now show that England has not a day to lose in deciding upon her course of action with respect to this unadjusted dispute, which is, in fact, rather a question of territorial right, than of undetermined boundary." It may not be generally recollected, that, by the Convention of the Escurial between the Mi- nisters of Spain and England, in October, 1790, neither of those Powers (which alone, of all the Governments of the civilised world could, at that time, affirm a right or title to the territory now in dispute), affected any exclusive sovereignty over it. The Convention stipulated that the res pective subjects of the two contracting parties should not thereafter be disturbed or mo lested, " either in navigating or carrying on their fisheries in the Pacific Ocean or the South Seas, or in landing on the coasts of these seas, in places not already occupied, for the pur pose of carrying on their commerce with the na tives of the country, or of making settlements there." At the present moment the United States, which, at the date of this Convention were a recognised Government two gears old, and which affect to claim through a derivative right by treaty with Spain, have the effrontery e to claim that " exclusive sovereignty" which neither Spain nor Great Britain ever pretended the one to set up against the other! It is moreover a clear, distinct, and irrefragable fact, placed by themselves on record in their public acts and State Papers, and especially thus limited and pressed on the part of the United States, in the Convention between those States and his Bri tannic Majesty, relative to the territory on the North-west coast of America, signed at London, in August, 1827 ; and again in the' elaborate " Memoir, Historical and Political, on the North west Coast of North America, and the adjacent ter ritories, by Robert Greenhow, translator and librarian to the Department of State (New York, 1840)"—that the country, so claimed by the States, throughout the negotiations on the subject up to the last message of the President, was that territory lying between the Rocky Mountains and the Sea (the Pacific), and com prised between the parallels of 42 deg. and 49 deg. North latitude. The claim of the United States, as first agitated in Congress in 1806—the subject of negotiations between America and Great Britain in 1807; and again, at Ghent, in 1814 ; of the Convention with England in 1818 ; of Lord Castlereagh's dispatch of February, 1818, expressly instructing our Minister at Washington that, in fulfilling the present stipulations of that Convention, he was on no ac count to concede the claim of Great Britain to the territorial district of Oregon, on which Ame rican settlements had been made ; the dispatch of Earl Bathurst to the North-West Company, of January, 1818, emphatically refusing the con cession of that claim to the United States; the subsequent negotiations between America and Great Britain of 1824; and the whole correspon dence both of the British Commissioners (the late Mr. Huskisson and Mr. Addington, now one of our Under Secretaries of State, and of Mr. Gallaton, the Plenipotentiary of the United States, in 1827, related to the region comprised between these parallels of 42 deg. and 49 deg. North latitude. Even in the ridiculous proposal of the American General, Jessup, to Congress, in 1823, to take up the military occupation of the Oregon territory ; and the unprincipled recom mendation of the President, Mr. Munro, to adopt that piratical scheme of outrage upon the pos sessions of an ally, at a time of profound peace ; all these equally relate to the same specific geo graphical limits. In 1843, President Tyler has the assurance to talk, as we have seen, of these pretensions having always extended to 54 deg. North latitude. But the same want of honesty and decent pre cision of statement pervade that functionary's description of the territory itself. It will be re membered that he spoke of its agricultural ca pabilities and healthfulness, ,and eligibility for settlement, in terms of eulogy which Mr. George Robins could hardly have heightened for him, had he been at his elbow. Now, we have the authority of the American Memorialist for saying that it is divided into three regions : the first from the sea to the California Range; the second, from that chain to the Blue Mountains; the third, from these to the great range of the Rocky Mountains in which the Oregon, or Co lombia, and. its tributaries, have their sources. The climate of the first region is not fertile; the summer is immoderately dry, the winter ex tremely humid; no rain falls from April to Oc tober; it is excessive in the other months. The yield of wheat does not average more than fifteen bushels per acre, which is but inconsiderable for a virgin soil in the new world. The uplands are heavily timbered, and the forests very fine. The California mountains rise to the height of 16,000 feet above the level of the sea. The superficies of the whole territory is " about 350,000 square utiles." It is drained by the Oregon or Colombia and its tributaries, the former being navigable as far inland as 125 miles from the ocean, having a width, for about 25 miles from its mouth, varying from one to seven miles. " The Colombia" (according to the Bri tish and Foreign Reviewer) " falls into the sea between two headlands, Cape Disappointment and Cape Adams, from each of which a sand bar extends; and over these the waves of the ocean break with terrific violence as they meet the discharging torrent of the river. The entrance is consequently hazardous at all times, and scarcely passable when the winds are high." The second region is more elevated and less fer- tile than that near the coast; the land not fa vourable for agriculture, bu might a4lswer for grazing and sheep, tie climate belt:, healthy. The third region is a rude desert of steep rocky mountains, intersected with very narrow valleys called " holes," and of wide sand-covered volcanic plains. Climate dry in the extreme ; very little rain, no dew, and an extra (Unary difference of temperature between the day and the night. It is a wilderness with no means of supporting a population. As it is only on the first region that these could be found, the Reviewer justly infers " that, upon the whole, the Oregon territory holds out no great promise as an agricultural field; that its value seems to consist chiefly in the possession of the Colombia, and of the harbours of the Strait of Fuca." lie shows that it is this last consideration which really makes the exclusive proprietorship of the Oregon an object of anxious desire to the Ame ricans. The territory contains no precious metals, no valuable minerals ; and the climate is too cold for the cultivation of cotton, tobacco, rice, or coffee. Its 20,000 aboriginal natives are savages, incapable of useful labour; so there is no pro mise of any productive article of export. " The fur trade has hitherto been the only channel tbr the advantageous investment of capital in these regions; but that trade is incompatible with the progress of settlement, and must gradually cease as the occupation of the country proceeds." This is a profbund and practical truth, and it ably introduces what follows in the same article, on the real objects of the United States' Govern ment in pressing its extravagant pretensions. Leaving to a future opportunity, when the ques tion shall have been opened in Parliament, the Reviewer's temperate but very forcible exposition of the whole question of priority of discovery, of possessory rights and of territorial rights, absolute and derivative ; we close for the present with an extract from his speculation on the ultimate de signs contemplated by America in her monstrous claim to exclusive possession of a region in which, except a few private settlements made by permission of the British authorities on British possessions, she has NO title, derivative, absolute, or possessory. The claim she asserts under the stipulations of her " Florida" Treaty with Spain, of February, 1819, is clearly vitiated by the specific concessions and covenants of the former or "Escurial" Treaty of Spain with Great Bri tain in 1790, w hich, together with intervening treaties between the same Powers, prior to 1818, disabled Spain from making any grants to the United States of the Oregon territory coming within the construction sought to be put upon them by American—diplomacy. " It is easy, therefore, to understand that tne main point with the United States in pressing for exclusive sovereignty over this region must be to secure the command of the outlets:to the Pacific, the importance of which is sufficiently obvious when we consider the rapid extension of steam navigation, the probability of a regular passage being effected across the Isthmus of Panama, and above all the recent opening of new commer cial relations with the East. It is true that a formidable obstacle exists to the colonisation of the Oregon from overland, for the country east of the Rocky Mountains is, for several hundred miles, an inhospitable desert, incapable of sup plying food except in the vicinity of the rivers which flow into the Mississippi. The Americans, however, propose to establish a line of posts be tween the Missouri and the passes of the Rocky Mountains ; and they anticipate that the Lewis and the Colombia rivers may one day become the channels of traffic between the Eastern and Western coast. On the other hand, a passage across Panama would bring this coast within a few weekS' voyage from Europe; and so attract emigration from the Old World, if the territory had, in itself (which it has not), any remarkable capacities for colonisation." ENLISTMENT OF PAUPER CHIL DREN FOR THE ARMY, TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUl''. RESPECTED FRlEND—Permit me to invite thy attention to the following statement of facts connected with the enlistment of pauper children for the army, and to request thy powerful aid in putting down a practice which must, I think, be regarded by every humane man as dishonourable to the age and country in which we live. Having personally collected the facts on which the statement is founded, with great care, I am prepared to give such detailed information as may be necessary to justify its allegations.—l am, respectfully, &c., PREDERIC WHEELER. Rochester, Ist month 15th, 1844. The public may not perhaps be generally aware, that a prac tice has grown up of late years, of supplying the army with little boys for drummers, selected from the healthiest inmates of the union workhouses round about the great military garrison of Chatham. Facts of a painful nature relating ;o this subject having been brought under the notice of the writer, it appeared to be a duty to prosecute certain inquiries into the circum stances, and extent of the practice, from which investigation it appears that the following eight unions have all furnished boys for the army, namely, Chelmsford, Cranbrook, Da r tf or d, E as t Ashford, Ilollingbourne, Medway, Maidstone, and North Aylesford, comprising in all 143 pariskes. To these may be added the large metropolitan parish of St. Marylebone and the establishment for pauper children at Brixton. Other unions have been applied to for boys, and particulars, more or less minute, of upwards of 60 cases have been collected. It appears also that, in twenty cases, boys have been thus disposed of before they have attained " the prescribed age of fourteen years," one of them, indeed, having been sworn when under eleven and a quarter years old ! It is melancholy to re. fleet on the largo amount of false swearing that is involved in this feature of the case. That the oath thus taken is consi dered to bind them to the military service for life, thus de priving them of the opportunity of c ho os i ng a profession on attaining the age of 21, a protection which the Legislature carefully secures to the apprenticing of any ordinary calling ; recognising therein two very important considerations, first, the incompetency of a child to decide on what shall be his em ployment through life ; and secondly, his natural right to choose a trade for himself en arriving at manhood. That on attain ing the ago of about 18, they are trained in the dehumanising art of administering the military cat, a punishment at which the public mind revolts ; and many of them are quickly sent to distant parts of the world. That the parochial funds have in some instances been employed in effecting these arrange ments. 'I he above is an outline of the practice ; the following are the heads of two individual cases, showing how the system affects the fate of the children and the feelings of near rela tives. They are taken as being the first two cases which came under notice, and which led to subsequent inquiry:— Case I. James Potter, an orphan, inmate of the North Aylesford Union, was enlisted in the summer of 1842, in the 3d Buffs, as having attained the " prescribed age of 14 years," required by the regulations of the Horse Guards, but appear ing by the register of baptism, as well as the union register, as under that age. The relations state that they were not consulted in the matter, that they knew nothing of the pro ceeding until it was completed; that they aro much dissatis fied therewith, and were, in fact, concerting measures for placing him out in some situation on attaining a proper age. In a memo rial to the Commander.in-Chief, embodying the above allegations, they ask for the discharge of the boy, stating it also to be his wish to be released. The reply authorises his discharge on pay ment of 201., and "on no other condition." Application was made to the Guardians of the Union, who replied that they can render no assistance in the case ; and the boy consequently re mains in the military service. Case 2. John Mitchel, an orphan, inmate of the Dartford Union, was removed to the pauper school at Brixton, and in the spring of 1843, was enlisted in the 2.5 th Regiment, being then, as appears by the register of baptism, under twelve and a half years old. After being at Chatham a few months, he was seen by the writer, crying bitterly on Rochester bridge, and then made known to him his ease. In less than a week from that time, ho was observed by the same person, marching with five other little boys, with a draft on their way to Cannanore, in the East Indies. His step-father knew nothing of the enlistment until completed, applied to the Commander-in-Chief for his restoration to his family, alleging his tender age, &c. The reply contains a copy of the schoolmaster's certificate, declaring him to have " obtained the prescribed age of fourteen ;" and states that the request cannot be complied with except on cer tain conditions, one of which is the payment of 401. On ap plication to the Guardians of Dartford Union, no explanation can be given as to the certificate of age, but, on the contrary, a reference to one of their books proves that the lad had not ob tained the age declared. No redress, however, could be obtained from them, and the child must remain in India an exile from Isis family. , Here then we see two powerful bodies, the military authori ties and the executive of the poor-law, taking advantage of the helplessness and ignorance of an orphan child, who has as yet scarcely looked abroad into the world, whe is impatient of the restraints of a Poor-law Union, and dazzled with the tinsel prospect of a soldier's life ; and thus becomes the willing victim of the bargain which binds him for the term of his natural life. And, we ask, is it the intention of the Legislature or of the public that our unions and workhouses should be made wholesale recruiting establishments for the army, and their operations be carried on at the expense of the rate-payers? BRITISII MUSEUM.—By a Parliamentary return the annual estimated charge for the British Museum to Lady-day next is stated to be 34,975/. The return embraces nine divi sions, including the number of persons who have visited the institution for the last six years. From Christmas, 1836, to Christmas, 1837, the number was 321,151 ; from Christmas, 1837, to Christmas, 1838, the number was 266,008 ; to 1839, 280,850 ; to 1840, 247,929 ' • to 1841, 19,374 ; and to Christ mas, 1842, 547,718. No fewer than 5,627 visits by artists were made in the year 1842 to the galleries of sculpture, and 8,781 to the print-room. It is stated in respect to the read ing-room, that " the number of books returned to the shelves of the general library from the reading-room is 142,179; to the Royal library, 22,408 ; to the closets where they are kept for the use of readers from day to day, 78,470; to the shelves of the reading rooms, about 116,400; altogether, 359,457 vo lumes—en an average 1,230 a day. The number of readers is 71,494." The Law Times intimates that it is matter of con sideration with the Government, whether it would not be ex pedient to abolish all settlements of every kind ; to collect all poor-rates into one general and central fund ; to reimburse each parish for the maintenance of the poor who may happen to become chargeable therein, without regard to where they belong. We refrain from any further comment on this report than to say, that if means are taken to render each parish as scrupulous in spending the public money as they are of spend in their own, the plan presents solid adrantsges.—Brighton f• COURT CIRCULAR. ' WEDNEsDAY.-11er Majesty and Prince Albert tok their accustomed Walk to-day in the grounds about the Castle. The Royal Family were taken to-day for their usual airings. The Earl and Countess of Jersey and Lady Clementine Villiers arrived on a visit to her Majesty and his Royal _Highness Prince Albert, and will have the honour of joining the Royal dinner circle at the Castle this evening. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Cambridge, ac companied by the Princess Mary, and attended by Baroness Ahlefeldt, left F ran kf ort on Thursday last, and travelled by route to Coblentz, Bonn, and Cologne, to Aix-la-Chapelle, where her Royal Highness arrived on Saturday. The Royal Duchess and suite left Aix-la- Chapelle for Ostend, at which port the Royal party arrived on Sunday. Her Royal Highness proceeded to Calais on the following day, and on Tuesday morning, about eight o'clock, embarked for Dover, where the Royal Duchess landed, and went from Dover to Folke stone, travelling thence to town by the South-Eastern Railway, and immediately proceeding from the terminus to Kew, where the Duchess and the Princess Mary, at tended by Baroness Ahlefeldt and Baron Knesebeek, ar rived at nine o'clock in the evening. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge left town yesterday morning for his residence, at Kew. A Cabinet Council was held at three o'clock yesterday afternoon, at the Foreign-office. The Ministers present were Sir Robert Peel, the Duke of Wellington, the Lord Chancellor, Lord Wharncliffe, the Duke of I3uccleuch, the Earl of Aberdeen, Lord Stanley, Sir James Graham, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Earl of Haddington, Earl-of Ripon, Mr. Gladstone, Sir Henry Harding., and Sir Edward Knatchbull. The Council broke up soon after five o'clock, when Sir Robert Peel immediately took his departure for Windsor Castle. Lady Peel also accompanied the High Hon. Baronet, on a visit to her Majesty. Mr. William Maury, deputed by the American Chamber of Commerce at Liverpool to advocate a re duction in the duty on tobacco, had an interview with Sir Robert Peel yesterday. Mr. Dean, Chairman of the Customs, and the Hon. Edward Stewart, Deputy Chairman, had an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterday, at his official residence in Downing -street. Dispatches for the Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Islands, and also fOr the Governor of Malta, were sent off last evening from the Colonial-office. The Bishop of London had an interview yesterday with the Chancellor of the Exchequer. The Duke of Wcllingtoa had an interview with Sir Robert Peel yesterday. PRINCESS'S THEATRE. ENGAGEMENT OF MR. AND MRS. WOOD. After an absence from London of some years, Mr. and Mrs. Wood made their first appearance at this theatre last evening. To what causes this absence is to be attributed, how it came to pass that these, the first of English singers, have been suffered to be so long with out a metropolitan engagement, we will not now stop to inquire, but instead we offer our hearty congratulations to Mr. Maddox on his good fortune in having been enabled to secure their services, and our best thanks for having provided for the musical public such a treat. As might have been expected, the house was literally overflowing. Before the opening of the doors crowds were waiting to obtain admittance. The pit and gallery were crammed to suffocation within five minutes after the doors were opened. Those who were unable to obtain admission to the pit rushed to the boxes— many of them too late to obtain even a back seat in the slips. Long before the commence ment of the performance there was not a plaoe unoccupied, and had the theatre been three times the size that it is, it would have been too small to have afforded accommodation to all those who sought for ad mittance. The opera was the Maid of Judah, Mr. and Mrs. Wood sustaining their original characters of Ivan hoe and Rebecca. She enters in the first scene, and never do we recollect to have witnessed such a reception. The house rose en masse, and amidst shouts of welcome, the waving of hats and handkerchiefs, and applause the most enthusiastic, she gracefully acknowledged the deafening cheering with which she was greeted. After the cheering had somewhat subsided, there was a call for one cheer more, which was most enthusiastically re sponded to, and then, and not until then, was she per mitted to proceed with the business of the scene, and never do we recollect to have seen or heard her to greater advantage. Her attractions are undiminished, There are still the same beautiful and expressive fea tures, the same lovely and graceful form, the same appro priate and expressive acting, and her voice is as powerful, as sweet, as mellow, and as flexible as ever, while she has, if possible, even greater command over it than she ever had. What can induce her to leave the stage (for this is advertised a s h er f arewe ll engagement) thus, in the zenith of her powers, at a time too, when we hove a really musical public, more capable than ever it has been yet of properly appreciating the treasure which it pos sesses in such a prima donna as Mrs. Wood, we are at a loss to imagine. Let us, however, hope that her resolu tion is not irrevocable. Mr. Wood shortly afterwards entered, and was greeted with the most enthu siastic cheering. Ile looked exceedingly well, and is decidedly improved both in acting and singing. His Ivanhoe throughout was a fine manly performance, and it was quite a treat to hear his fine and powerful voice in these days of puny tenors. his voice, always power ful and melodious, seems to us to be of greater compass and flexibility than it was, and it was evident from his singing that he had now become a most accomplished musician. Tasteful and expressive, he always was, but he is now, a perfect artist—the first of tenor singers. The opera itself is no doubt familiar to our readers. It is an adaptation of the story of Scott's " Ivanhoe," to the music of Rossini's Pietro 1 Eremita (which itself, by the bye, is only an adaptation of a new libretto to the music of Mose in Egitto), and was originally produced at Covent-garden ; the Woods, th en as now , susta i ning the principal characters. There are three grand scenes for Mrs. Wood, each of which was given with the most exquisite taste and power, and in each of which she was rapturously applauded. There were loud calls for the repe tition of the scene in the second act; but these were met with cries of "Shame, shame," and the encore was not insisted on. Nothing, however, but the fear of fatiguing the cantatrice prevented every one of them from being encored. Mr. Wood sang the delicious melody, " All by the shady greenwood tree," with great taste and ex pression, and was of course rapturously encored. Ho was also encored in the magnificent bravura, "When the trump of Fame loud calling." Well do we remember the electrical effect of this song on the audience when the opera was originally produced. It at once fixed Wood's position at the head of his profession. No ono has ever been able to approach him in this magnificent song, and never did he sing it better than last evening. At the conclusion of the opera Mr. and Mrs. Wood were both called for, and again greeted with the utmost enthusiasm. After which Walton announced the opera for repetition on Friday amidst the unanimous applause of ono of the most crowded audiences ever assembled within the walls of a theatre. EXTENSITn EXCISE PitOsECUTIONS. According to the opinions of persons connected with the Excise depart ment, the system of fraud and adulteration of exciseable articles, and, of course, those in a great measure of daily consumption, never existed to so great an extent as at the present time, and the cases of detection by the officers in all parts of thapeotintry have multiplied to ar. unprecedented degree. As the whole of these nefarious practices are reported to the Board of Excise in London, and samples of the adulterated articles transmitted for examination, some idea nay be formed of their number when it is known that a practical chemist, who is kept by the Board, and who is furnished with a complete laboratory at the Ace in Broad -street, has been constantly engaged for the last two months on analysing the various seizures of spurious and adul terated pepper alone, which amounts in the gross to several tons. This, however, is only one of the many articles that the public receive in an unwholesome form. Cocoa, properly a most wholesome and nutritious accompaniment to the breakfast table, has also come in largely for its share of adulteration by the dishonest tradesman. A species of fine brown earth is mixed with it, and to render it invisible to the casual ob server, and effectually prevent its being separated from this genuine ingredient, a portion of mutton fat is introduced, which binds the earth with the cocoa, and at the same time gives it the characteristic richness of good cocoa, and only to be de tected by the experienced eye. During the past week, prose cutions under the authority of her Alaiesty's Commissioners, took place at the following places, and in every case a convic tion, with the penalties annexed, was obtained :—For spurious pepper, in Worcester, six informations, penalties 2501. ; in Sunderland, twelve informations, penalties 3501. ; in Durham, two informations, penalties 1001. ; in Bristol, three informa tions, penalties 1001. The adulterations in the above case' were, red and white mustard husks, rice, chilies, saw-dust, earthy matter, sago, linseed, rapeseed, and wheat bran. In Manchester, Thomas Raingell was fined 2001. for adulterating his stock of tobacco with turmeric and milow ochre. A great number of other prosecutions for tobacco will follow, several lots of which are adulterated with tar and sand to the extent of 14 per cent. THE SECRET PASSION.—We hear that the author of those truly original works, " Shakspare and his Friends," and " The Youth of Shakspeare, has ts new novel on the point of appearance of a highly attractive nature under the title of " The Secret Passion," where, in a story of great novelty, told in that picturesque style which directed such general attention to his former works, he has made the principal feature a married lady of high rank, distinguished not less for her beauty than for her unrivalled, moral, and intellectual attain ments, struggling against the influence of a dangerous sympathy . for one whose genius was not less •exalted than his virtues were ennobling. Thus placing two of the most admirable examples of their sex under cir cumstances that would at once both try, and prove their pretensions to the excellence for which each was cele brated. Report speaks highly of this work as affording delineations of human passion of absorbing interest, and as being equally remarkable for its intellectual character as for its moral tendency, THE LAW OF DivoacE.—A deputation waited yesterday on Dr. Nichol on the subject of the present law of divorce in this country, to request him to introduce into any measure he may have is contemplation for the reform of the ce. cicsiastical law a clause to enable injured individuals who may appeal to that Court to obtain a divorce a vineulo tnatrimenis. 1 he deputation were most courteously received by Dr. Nickol, wko promised to call the attention of the Communist totlr: necessary and important alteration in so unjust a state of t h e present law, which entirely puts it out of the power of in jured party to obtain any redress except at an outl a y of • trout 1,000/. informs d by those who sufficiently estimate vantages of this plant are no t statement we C l an ' — m A ost t Slight oases o( rheumatism suffer from rheumatism and gou t. el especiallyi c ou s esculent iif the ; are cure d i mplicitlyed icalc .r o e r ly t , c s po d e nut: thato tuweboisead. and more chronic case artichoke has also a similar effect in relieving The Jerusalem ar s b a y r e fee m th u n c g h o relieved, 1 this cl d t in a f ew . days patient carefully av oid acids, whether in food or beverage. rheumatism. The heads may be eaten in the usual way, but tea made from the leaves of the stalks, and drunk three or four times a day, is a certadu remedy, though not equally agree ably... York Courant. . .