The Sun. — London, England, 1845-03-03 00:00:00

eo t tede no et n o.: • fl , r I he 15 ha# e ' ge .h 0 Tr oo rOn I f o 0 9 0, , ja how bigv,i, , tae n by ?of 'en t l'llo° l ,3 the coed.go c b kn e lea a in troa to reb ao" , s io d, off fri J d t" e l ; of ' lO that 1,0 ( and a . c or°blt th Gr, h tee, li e , I V - ., r tnV up. e d , 0 ii i , rer Cbi‘ " l ,1 1 a"" r • of Hes s . rci u . o it V ter n ; of give th cell:, s teen .ub jec% t he' l o v erl e the o f ti l t ita nce pre ell r the t he v eo o oti 0 06 0 130 Yliber°" '1 • the house itself mil a lawsuiron the nea 4`17 - , cc t , (` -IS reS.peet,(l parent. p. , i,9; on .k -,..'"),r(ri should be read by all :tr. an cxpo.4 of the utter fully of gamin g . The " ilank" is tv, certain to re ceive th e fortune of the pla3er in the long run, as the riv er ' s bed would absorb the contents of a lvg of cold Poured f,c,m the parapet of Waterloo-bridge. After rLing' nu merous instances of members of the aristo ,lae, 'whose p roperty was all transferred to the ' e ts of the owner of that splendid den, the writer 333,8 iv ,,,, W bere, on the other hand, is to be discovered that fi t - t """ of a man, who by indulgence in play has belie ._ his estate, increased his means, or added one jot 1. 4' 1 ` 118 reputation, or to the peace and nrppiness of those '2,anveted with him ! Echo answers—' Where ?' One of the most steady tem erate, and prudent speculators ernekford's was , the p late Lord S— ; but with all teirlnsteealtthneand imperturbable di-po-dtion and held rut, r game conquered him, and he could uo inure 11;?raroul or defeat thy certain pull or per centage again 4 ear ,,, l ,llan he could have accelerated or retarded the oe ,:p s revolutionary motion. He was pa,sionat, ly fond t,rretich hiaard ; but he had the prudence, anl wi it snur,solution, to confine his risk within legitimate 140 , n as, and yet he . contributed annually to iecr,-ae the 4 ..... 4 nd of Crockfoid's profits. The late Marquis of g w ho was de e ply an d practic,,lly ,killed in the aliecHilative bei ence of play, and who had li tt l e l ove o f il t Z i gaose that afforded not advantage to those best ac try e d with its p r i nc i p l es, was once or t w i ce i n d uce d t o th l s hand at French hazard, but very soon discovered p l ayer, only certaintY• it embraced was loss to the 04-th and profit to the banker. He himself was a loser 4r c h e h 9,easion alluded to, an event so unusual in his aupittlP_lpractice, that it gave rise to the following •prophet, who can hope to win, \V y, h. inter ei,slieteh Th ere men l i k e can be taken in ?" of " Monmouth," by Miss Costello, is Ite nd e3 a u ngi full of antiquarian research, and recom qat1 1 „ e : ; by recent observation. The " Anecdotal Vor t i b , i tgs," by Mr. Peake, are trivial, and not are, c 7 A ° l l his reputation. The remaining articles ( i• - : a ' : lemoir of 13-)ruwlaski," the Polish dwarf; u 1 it7, 1111 837, at the extreme age of ninety-eight. of Itifl:Lreat to Corunna," from the " Recollections 7*, neece eb an Harris ;" a chapter from the sad volume th e "Gaol Chaplain," and several minor par t — "eal l i t 4 r i se - 1 31 . 05e and verse, which we need not Lett SEW ~ h,, , MONTHLY MAGAZINE. rejoice— the l OVerS of " mirth and marvels " ~,,"' `ngoldsby is again in the field, and op ‘ e , n A s Ls /Bent number of the New Monthly, 1 4c1 Y o n -- ~8,,t; R orawold." It is so long since we have * e : -.4 ""ng from the pen of Thomas Ingold by, that e re afraid he had retired to some " Sacellum or cell, . a.„ In which chronicles tell, ,ILthie-‘:.arld anchorites erst were accustomed to dwell," ,, 4t %,"Hriself singeth in the " Lay of St. Rom wold, refr eth e l i e,i , oie e to say that . he has arisen, " like a giant y ell 1 -4, and is as quaint, as mirthful, and as mar -441°1- as ever. The Lay is followed by a continua le,:,f th e " Talleyrand Papers," containing the history 14 5t.,. 11 9 ti, the coadjutor of Mirabeau and T i tiPp; ti ng the first plaular journal ever published t 1 ili p,„ - ' i tl ee, the Feuille Villageoise. Cerutti had la g n ''''l life a Jesuit, having been entrapped into becorn i: Ptiki."l,eroherof the society by a series of themos i t ,h u e t ir Se et P l ed and heartless intrigues ever recorded. ea I n irlvei fin Cerutti was to get possession of Nat g ?Sa m es, and in order to secure the possession they N at; r ed his brother Cesario. After reading the re the is of Cerutti we cannot help think A i i n . g vi t i h le a - t min turs of assassination entertained lasd h l , r e not altogether so ill-founded s i a s s by e in Eng-- tes tt ,‘_ v e beets led to suppose. followed w by L 'lltl e ntlal9ll of" Lights and Shades in the Life of a 11 46„ 412 11 on Half- pay," from pen of the t° % - ‘Ol ll Stories of Waterloo." " D'Arcey's Visit a ool. , tan ~ 1 °r 'irelBs. ' Ch'Qf " up the " The excursion 4 4 i , "I and ~. The - ontir, i . Roberts's on Travels" I ttra t --fleu in t h e present number. From this qt ti of l'°lli we extract the following sketch of a tetiti 4 - t nglish travellers, who are the pest of the * idi n etlt ' Mrs. Trollope has been often . charged wever f tor a 4riCature and exaggeration ; we ean'. ll L. k tatZ ir ,Personal knowledge, vouch for he o r strict "ad tCY In the present instance, and are rejoiced ' to 4 1.2 4 she remarks— hrtitie: , fast class are, on their native soil, of littte im. '' ' lll Sca „ i° Ils Compared with the . injurious effect they k. eei s u_n the reputation of their countrymen abroad. 17 1 t .. lis i we tp a c apital in Europe, to say nothing of spas, ti j , r o ii i. n and so forth, where a n(); of these frolick tl il lt c'log Englishmen may not be found, not only KPrettr , N...:"11td,, , nearly every thing that they ought not to i ° :'ty bran it with such audacity of display, as of 'r ,' di ; I °gs all eyes upon them ; while by thus thrust. tli; t he e F orv l l'es and their noisy impertinence perpetually Of ,t /ttt t g r naild, they contrive very effectually to keep In ti t l it r cla ss I of English travellers comparatively . out 4 4 -1141 :Atita„,‘" av ,ing their own precious sayings and doings I.. 4:kn ee l: a y , all the f na h t e ion of the earth,. as the moral British s people. (the pit is a pi:P ae an% cannot fail to be much lament t e e d r Nelti a „ frionc English both at home and abroad; i bia Y ,,Pt o ,l 3 Perfectly well known at . home, an t 4 6 % 4 difa,, tie :' When on their travel is guessed a d without it t)Okit - ti r • bit although the class 0 men . enEonano.i 44tith NI 14 , 4 ; 11 . may be perfectly . well known in , k lii e k e rst as ,i,"clently studied without out leaving it, there is overflowing l population, t ilt 44 % 1 ., on 4 ,sent forth !ki lt *r u t 'Y be seen by in o per . fection abroad, namely, Si t m , P rt on of the travelling tritblee, women of d E e n ri g o : 4, td a 't ladies.' Of this class, I i\Z 110 id m ain at home have, I really hope and be -41;4 th e n ea , w hatever; and were it not th h a r t in th g ese to , ). them ,tf to ry c''sY audacity with which they I N 4 glish ftr d , are frequently pointed t as specimens 4 ,%' e the m , men of fashion, it would be desirable to N' e lvo i ;i 'n the shade in which their insignificance . at N. d Ti hral t aturally place them; but as it is, it may 1 . 1 4 - :_it a a ; r aise a voice, however feeble, .t to tell all e is a Plit isl concern, that the fast young ladies who are lti qo tt , , "3' their papas and mammas, from kingdom o ht ItYl e a" fr Ora city to city. flirting and . , frolicking d tliett:44llo,l),ec uliarly their own, and with such freedom btaL t e tl I Z Il arY young lady-like restraint, as entitlesthe "tillletv.ittid epithet of fast, are not specimens of lli, v s 1,,' usughters of England." 4i4nalltiteill at our F renc h ne i g hbo u r s f o r the blunders t ha a P Ott, Sir Buiwer and the • "c)"M our titles; but the 041cytl.Xillents which they pass so freely upon t ie ,lath' 1 1 ,'„,' Mee in English manners. Not only the 01 ",, ev 2 er it.it all other nations of Europe, be . - Lti ra e „,''' Jus ' tli n, appropriate to themselves the merit tilt li t' Nch e4t While passing this judgment, must rouse . ar i t '' e ss to the task of Lot mistaking a bad speci -5f "e 4 Pi oue , 4 4, 148 1. 1, 6 R and the Fox" is a history of . the . career d 4_rti 4;1" deniagozue by Peter Priggins, an Vr er uer the Bog - Slar, r ' is a lively sketch of the f 11 of th em a th orou gh mauvais sujet, from the pen o thj it iel l 'At rising of our young writers, Angus ktti u ,te 4 The N u . n b er conc l u d es w i t h a s k e t c h o f n 4 g Pis The of p oor L aman Bl anc h ar d, the most 04 - authors and the most kind hearted of meo. t7,0 .1v , % tt til. fri e A . C)II VITED SERVICE MAGAZINE. Viki ' N M' 11 ' Major Muffin continues his amusing t te it lo. lutil in the present Number. " 'l he Re -01 of Wt. ret h i n . a French Prison" are also continued... Itli a ti sor,.-14cences increase in interest as they proceed ~,,° o ,_ilei,,l to take leave of the Naval Chaplain, odes - o " es his "Note Book" this month, but we atti c ]" t i ,, 4 et with him again. The remainder ti o -' are of a strictly professional character. b. )CLA-----"---------''— LING i -S JERROLD'S SHI tot, ()(' 1 14 MAGAZINE. th - ‘III 4 V : t wo more chapters of the " History or 1 ,1 1 C" 1 , 2, tvatld St. James." Young St. Giles is taktia ' ° , l 4 q s e t t - 2 4 e and locked up for the night, on the . lit' t :Pl r e ],;"ng the hat of young St. James. He is, ,14t i j" tif h - as eii the next morning through the inter- N t t, 41.f: ri ght Jem and Ca stick. the muffin-man. „kk h ` horn Itiynter of the borough of Liquorish, the ' Do : 1 41;1 81 of the Marquis of St. James, and the at to to t+LN St. G . The Marquis to solicit the release k - "ti it ~,,,;',es : ts t ilt 1 . 4 P1 •(.1:`"L'I enough happened that, at the time 1ip 4 , 11 117 4 21 t1 i t ; ist°Bll(Tht tapproa:ch the . Marquis, Parlia- Lurea,thi... Tsolution. 1 he wicked old hag was tt i N i sh e ~x 4 l her last, yet—case-hardened old t ) i li tA ta t , f__Pvessed no contrition, showed no touch Ipt 4 e e ou t ,.. !. her Past life of iniquity ;fur her wrongs k a li 4 t0b,• 44 1 . tt a t v 4 '` upon the weak and poor ; for t . he 'q l' tt t glttyl t ilos rl e e l L u Pol"! them who toiled for e t . h e e es e e sp l e i c v nl 4,,ge led u vo :no, like the tenants of a n ito: t e k il'Xl B h: onearned pensions ; she repented not 1 !41)144 cape aboh had shed in the wickedness of war ; Itir‘ete ° LP% t o " t n er soft•hearted, tearful. most ortho 7 9 1 1it y 'ler to a ssuage the ag.ily of her remorse, and 1 1 6 °1 10,:,11 0 , v ; l lake a clean breast of all her hidden lc tiw atr sinful' ornament was about to expire—about jla tli t 0 , 3, . .predeeessor. (what horrid epitsphs he alNtotty, ~,,zreitt3,. upo n some of them !) and s he t k (l 444 o i, e „ s , conscience ; all she heard was t ii! klq ed tillet t eir .114 s.iorateafeordingly ursed by bribery for her successor." a to. , and nUlllstances, a refusal was not to b be k iN. t 'Jtii i t• ror St. Giles is discharged . y Ivlr lt h, lee o f „ w ant c..f a ?rosecutor. The iniquity \‘ ;', l a a ,. e p,„„,,ttie window•tax is the subject of an tin° a - I. tle le vy -t r i , r ; entitled "The Luxury of Light." 4 tlsj eni t , th , 1 oenceforth become the manual of all 6,tlit:; - :g . ird in the agitation against this typhus lc ii ‘l't cou pe t - o P n l i t : Patmore's " Recollections . of %' Cuu •Iciatt with ; they relate chiefly to Haz -1,1'411,, S ea ~Ith Northcote. Juniper Hedgehog, 41 411 ----, ,Luis "Co rrespondenc k e of Sir James 11t5LthoR ',,,,`"e seali g Itty t '''' i :te , j, e , , , , us h im. n i c i wax Ja u c .p Shepr e rd t , h " in a k s , 'tikt ' 44. Illeetl V “ the Master r un j is ni 'n e o r t! over . yet," 111 41 - ! It Wf 'll leallti • . . 4 . I N, 4 t s ki_ ;.:• 4 rile, it you write, don't , eith , er e use a i ,,tet44 s Pai er ; .‘ 01,ily wasting property.' 1 h F . 'llk thh, tto 'n this number are all good. D.)ugl , a‘ ilth gives Us an excellent shilling s le% eL As 147;:-----------______ - Rt 4 is Pap e l' l t I.l l'S /IL 1 G ~ 1 ZIA E. 1 14 L it f ~ r ti , 9 A li 40 1,.. " (- 1 , 1,.. u . • present 1S: ill t i ber i f A,,s' 14 , y 14,,i i ,A. trib otf , ' l 5 / , qtr a . Lies of to the pow , -is and many () 4 R th, eis f ro the late Mr. Lillian 131.1nehard; Itti:t hits' lik e 41 his numerous e,says ard g iv en , Vet % Po em lens in a rich setting, a part of I Of qu Elo Pagur - Whic h, though our ent .readers may re mAnber them, they- will not object to perming again ; they are, z , at s the writer of th, article, singularly descriptive of the amiable t and es , ayist himself:— " Oh, mourn not ! yet reniemb-r what his been— flow buo‘antly he trod this troubled scene, The pathways of his spirit always green! " lie taught the cheerfulne,s that st;11 is ours, The sweetrirss hit still lurks in hunian posers; — If heaven be full of stars, the earth has flowers! " Ilia was the sr arching thought, the glowing mind; The gem! will to others' soon r,sign'd ; But Inure than al , the feeling just arid kind. " His pleasures were as melidies from reels— Sweef. books, deep music, and unselfish deeds, Finding immortal flowers in human weeds. 4, " His thoughts were as a pyramid up-piled, On whu,4, far top an an2el.sto.d and s.eiled— Yet, in h's hew t, was lee a si...eple child." Mr. Ainsworth's " Revelations of London, proceeds we wish we could say with increasing eff,ct ; but the introduction of Rosicrucians and the elixir of life, undying men, and compacts with fiends, into a frame Work of the everyday life of London, is not cal culated to take a strong hold of the reader. It has all been done before hesides; tbr instance, the opening ,f the tomb of the Rosicrucian in the old house at Stepney in this Number, is almost a repetition.Of the passage in the " Lay of the Last Minstrel," where William of Deloraine takes the "Book of Might" from the tomb of Michael Scott. The article on Townsend, the officer, by the author of " Mornings in Bow-street," is amusing. The man was an original, and a great character in his way; the paper • makes us at once wish to know more of its hero, and See something from its author more frequently. The mingled fun and pathos of those "Mornings in Bow street" still dwell in the memories of many. The " D'Orsay Gallery " is a descriptive paper of the productions of the pencil of Count D'Orsay, who, in the absorbing idleness of high life, has found time to prove to the world that he has talents that might have won him a high place in the list of painters, had fortune compelled him to be a follower of the arts instead of making him a leader of fashion. As a specimen of his skill, a portrait of Mr. Ainsworth, by the Count, is given, and is worth whole pages of description or eulogy. Many of the other papers are very readable, and the Number is al together an exceedingly good one. TAIT S MAGAZINE. The article on " The Correspoz_dence of Edmund Burke" is in every respect excellent. It gives, with out pretensions, a graphic description of his active and varied life, his political connexions, his change of politics (if his marked detest:l'6on of the horrors of the French Revolution deserve the name), the neglect with which he was treated by a party that he had long served faithfully and effectually, the comparative solitude and gloom in which he was left in the decline of life, and the melancholy sufferings which closed a life embittered at last, beyond endurance, by the death of a brother and a son to whom he was ardently attached. Impartiality, truth, and kindness are the principal features in the pictiire here given of this' beautitul writer and sp'endid orator. His faults and frailties are not extenuated, but they are p urtraved as if by the hand of a friend—his great qualities, P his eloquence, varied information, industry, and genius, though incidentally mentioned, are placed in full view ; and the reflections on his death are expressed in glowing language, and bear all the marks of sin cere conviction. After quoting a letter addressed to Burke on his death. bed, by the daughter-in-law of the venerable Quaker at whose school he had received his early education, the last, or among the last, which ne received, the writer thus concludes :—" And so Edmund liurke sank to his long sleep—the innocent memories of childhood hovering round his pillow, the blessing of pious friendship resting upon his head. The overworked heart, whose beatings literally destroyed it, had ceased to beat at last. Th,:i worn out body was deposited in that quiet village church, where the beloved son and brother lay already, and where, many years afterwards, the aged widow was to lie down beside her own. There, too, lay buried the distrusts and animosities, the disappointments and regrets ; there lay buried all of sorrow and of suffer ing, which, imparted by birth to the human spirit, the cold hand of death wipes away. On earth, nought survived but the name of the dead, and the works which have made that name immortal: the name of a man who sometimes erred in thought, and often sinned in feeling and in act, but who yet was wise, and good, and great; works which, in spite of grievous faults, are among the noblest monuments ever created in the arts of thinking and of commu nication." The article is long, extending to seventeen pages ; but, with the judicious remarks of the reviewer and the extracts from his letters, is full of interest ; and we may, therefore, be excused - for giving the follow ing additional extract, as it displays at once the in dependence and sineerity of his political opinions, and the deep interest which he took in the sufferings of his persecuted countrymen : He obeyed the Ministry in nothing: he would not even agree with them, unless when they chose to obey him. lie resisted them stoutly, even in their policy with regard to the events which alone drew him and them to gether. lie differed from them diametrically as to the conduct of that unlucky war, which he, like them (and much more decidedly than their leader, Pitt), held to he just and necessa.ry.' He remonstrated against their feeble measures privately; he denounced them publicly in the pamphlets which he published after his retirement from Parliament. Never was Ministry plagued with such a partisan. Or rather, to express the relation more correctly, never was party perplexed by such an ally—an ally too powerful not to be sourced, yet too thoroughly unmanageable to be efficiently used. Nor was this all. There was one great question, upon which his head and heart were alike sound to the very last. To Ireland his affection was always true. In regard to the treatment of Ireland, his indignation never waxed cold: —the genuine remedies for the evils of Ireland were alwa3s clearly and steadily present to his view. It is consolatory to be able to close the survey of his agitated career with a notice of events in which his enlightened patriotism shone out with steady brightness, and in which an honourable part was borne by one whi was dearer to him than fame or i:e.. ['here is another rather long article giving numerous ex tracts from recent novels on the Condition-of Ireland question, which are descriptive of the habits of the people, and the state of the country, and one entitled " Opinions of the Germans on the Scottish Church Question." We looked wi'h some interest to the subject, in hopes of discovering what the honest Ger mans thought of the disruption, but were sadly dis appointed, for these " Opinions" are all monopolised by one Deutseher, called Herr Sydow, a chaplain of his Majesty the King of Prussia. It appears he went to Edinburgh to study the non•intrusion question, and came away convinced that the Free Church was in the right. But " one swallow don't make a sum mer." The political article is on the opening of Parliament, and the state of parties, which concludes thus : "We trust, meanwhile, that the representatives of Great Britain will not give another weapon to the repeal armoury, by allowing the session to go much further without a vigorous parliamentary -protest against the iniquities of the monster trial. The very discreditable abdication of duty, on the part of the Irish absentee Members. do , s not alter the case in the least. The ques tion is not Irish, but imperial. It was not Irish, but British imperial law, that was twisted for Mr. O'Con nell's conviction ; and the attempt to make trial by jury a mockery, a delusion, and a snare,' and to smuggle into our jurisprudence the atrocious doctrines of construc tive complicity and inferential conspiracy, was a blow, aimed not at Irish but at British liberties. In the very lowest view of the case, there has been an enormous and disgraceful blunder in the management of the public business : the Executive has put out the utmost of its strength and skill, for wi eks and months together, in the cooduct of a State prosecution of first-class import ance, and has ignominiously broken down at last.. If this is slot a subject for Parliamentary inquiry, what is ? It will be really shameful, should our supineness or dis satisfaction with the proceedings of the persons imme diately interested, allow such a complication of injustice and bungling to pass uncensored. The absence of the Members for Cork and Limerick has no more to do with the matter, supposing the Union a reality, than would the absence of the Members for Caithness and Banff. To make a Parliamentary discussion of this business contin gent on the presence or absence of Irish Members, would be a virtual adoption of the repeal theory, at the expense, too, of the common popular franchises of the empire, to which we should be heartily sorry to see English and Scottish Liberals commit themselves." FRASER'S MAGAZINE. This is the best number. that Fraser has published for many months. The subjects are well selected and treated with more than usual skill and taste. The leading articles will suit almost every reader. We have " Rambling Ren-arks on nonce, for the classical scholar ; " The Lives of Rubens and Rem- brandt" for the painter; " Bunyan and Bunhill-fields," for the Quakers and Methodists ; " My Log," for the sailor; " A Walk from London to Fulham," fur the antiquary ; " The Great Ward Business," for the Anti-Puseyites ; and " Tt,e Policy of Ministers," adapted to every class and denomination throughout the vast empire called the United Kingdom, and its dependencies. But to begin with the beginning. Horace, some nineteen hundred years ago, announced, more than Roman vanity, that he had erected a monument more lasing than ti e royal Pyramids of Eg) pt; that rain, and hail,.and tempests would bat tar against it in vain; that his songs would be Te r-it'd on the banks of the. Ebro and the Rhone, and his verses be scanned on the shores of the _Bosphorus, in -the wilds of Numidia, and on the Se) thian hl.uns. We are only sorprised that he diet not elrry his prophetic eve farther, penetrate into the New World, pa'yr c)mplitnent to the repudiat . , I ) -nn , ylv:inians, and the men governed by Lvnch tm the t 7ks of t!)e Ohio and the Mississippi, for th , re hi.. unetry is ktimti, ltQd Perhap; in re admirer!, tor), than in the valleys Anio and the pains of ; ) elluwv fiber. 'lt has reached 'even the Ultima Thule ; the Dcric Muse of the North has TIRE SUN, LONDON, paraphrased his celebrated Ole to Mount Soracte, and a Scotch barber has thus turned into verse his cheering prescription for a cold winter evening:— " Dissolve frig-us, ligna super foco repouens :—" " Then fling on coals, and rlpe the ribs, And beck the hoes' baith butt and ben, That mutchkic-stoup is hauds but dribs, Then let's get in the tappit hen." Hor.ice, however, did not build 'a monument for hi nisei t only, he had inscribed on it aratlng many others the names of Augustus, and Mmcenas and Quinctilius, on whom he .has written an elegy which will last while justice and honour and truth are revered as virtues. To him Maecenas in these days owes his fame, and the splendid character drawn by Morgan RAtier, Eiq , M A., an apprentice of the law in the nineteenth century : " The peculiar privilege of the renown of 111weenas's natm , is, that it renews its accumulated honours in the person of each lofty and gdnerous patron of lite rature ai,d the learned, which'the world, in its successive centuries prduct .s to do grace to human kind. The great politician and phil.sopher, the acci,ruplislnd Bch slur, the prin;a gentleman, the, honest prime inini,t,r, who shrunk from ncthing-4, labour except its ordinary rewards, who was c.intent,—. Certarc ingenio, contendere nobilitate, Nocteis atque dies niti prrestante labure,' _ _ end yet who was so great of heart as to disregard the sumnias apes, who would never take ,anything from the country and the master he so worthily served—who' despised all conventional rank and title—who was indil , ferent quite to personAl pow,-r—might have been for , g,tten; but the benefactor and friend of Horace and Virgil survives the wreck of the mighty empire he helped to raise, and can never die era unirnic hominurn eteendate ternporum, faniiz return. And be it known, moreover, that while this gentleman lived—the finest gentleman, perhaps, the world has ever known, for the very jokes of Augustus, who was also a„ true gt ntleman, independent of rank and station, go only to prove this—while Mmcenas lived, he was equally dear to the poor and igi orant, as to the lofty and the learned. Gentleness, courtesy, munificence, boundless charity, the outward and visible signs of the kingly blood that ran through his veins, made him beloved by the multitude, in the same degree with their imperial benefactor Augustus. Horace, with -an overflowing of delight, alludes, in two places, to the manner in which his friend was received, when, after a long and dan gerous illness, he once more took'his, place amongst the knights at_the theatre— Cum populus frequens Lmtum theatris ter crepuit sonum.' " These "Ramblingßemarks" will be read with pleasure by the admirer of Horace, not only from their in trinsic merit, but for the choice selections from his works, with the best translations in verse, and the proofs they furnish of the most remarkable fulfilment ofa prophecy. About forty years 8.C., when the in habitants of these isles roamed in their native woods with painted skins, and were more savage than the red men of America, he uttered the words—" Visarn Britannos hospitihus feros," and in these latter days we find his works in the hand of every schoolboy; and the first poets of the age, Milton and Ben Jonson, and Dryden and Pope, vieing with each other in render ing his immortal odes into English verse. On re ferring to the political, and what may be called the business dissertations in the Magazine, it is refreshing to witness the happy change which has taken place in this clever periodical. For many years it went on purl pasizt with its brother of the - North, reviling Catholics, defen: ing the status quo of Church anti State, and trade, and declared every man a traitor-- a "thief and loon," who would 'not sub scribe to the doctrine that the Constitution was perfect when George 111. was King. It has suddenly started off at a tangent from old Blackwood, defends free trade measures, stands up for the Catholics, a large increase of the grant to Maynooth, and even looks forward, :if not with com placency, at least without concern, to the period when the Catholic religion shall be the State religion of. Ireland. To save appearance, Fraser admits that the carriage is running down the pass at a tremendous rate, but he has full confidence in the coachman. He objects neither to the pace nor . the position. "The former, though rapid, will carry us the sooner through our perils ; the latter, though beset With some dangers, has a considerable touch of security in it too, and we will tell our readers where to look for it." He then furnishes very good reasons for liberal measures. But his remarks in reference to the Irish and their religion are most novel, and would have done honour to the Edinburgh thirty years ago : "So touch for deeds actually done. We have, under a Tory Government, recognised the Church of Rome in Ireland as a Church. We speak no more of ministers of the Romish persuasion; but, in commissions issued from the crown, address ourselves The Most Rev. Archbishop Murray,' and The Right Rev. Bishop.' " Again: we pass an Act of Parliament whereby pious individuals professing th 6 Romish faith are em powered to endow benefices, and build Roman Catholic places of worship, at their pleasure. Thus an end is put to that fiction in law which denied the existence of the Church of Rome within these kingdoms. So far from prohibiting the Romish clergy to officiate in public, we permit them to become bodies corporate; and, like our own vicars and rectors, to hold property as corporations whole, so long as time, shall last. More-• ever, if we do not negotiate directly with the Pope, we give a sanction to the promulgation of one of his bulls in this our Protestant realm; and very much rejoice to find that it enjoins on the Romish clergy that, which all our laws failed to command,—an abstinence from political agitation, and the steady devotion of their time and talents to the duties of their calling. And, lastly, that other symptoms of change may not be wanting, the head of the party which so long resisted emancipation proposes a grant of many thousands annually for the better edu cation of Roman Catholic priests; and, if not cheered, is certainly not turned round upon or denounced by the party for having done so. " Are we annoyed at all this? Do we blame it ? By no means. Sir Robert Peel is pursuing. according to our poor judgment, the only course which holds out a prospect of peace for Ireland, and, as a necessary con sequence, for the United Kingdom. He is acting justly towards the majority, and with exceeding policy to wards the minority, of the population of Ireland. But we acknowledge, nevertheless, that we are on a rapid descent on the hill-side, and that our nerves are some what shaken by it. Who will undertake to give a pledge, that in ten years, or twe n ty a t th e most , t h e R o • man atholic Church shall not be established in Ire land? Be it so. This is the risk. And, if it do come, we must try to make the best of it. But we are not at all disposed to say that it must come." The " Great - Ward Business" is very brief, and so good that it ought not to be abridged. We there tore recommend it to the reader entire. There is room only for a few lines of poetry, addressed to an old friend, which paint with melancholy truth the ravages of time " We will not meet again, old friend of mine! Much of life's beauty bath already past, And now I would not willingly resign The spell thy memory can about me cast. What I have been to thee, and thou tome, Even since those old days wherein we met, We ne'er could be again, if each should see How little of the past remaineth yet. " No, no! It were not well to learn how strange, How all unlike thy heart and mine have grown; To feel and know how sorrowful a change Time and the world have wrought; weeping to own The fairest vision of our lives have fled. I know we are not as we were; I know How much, alas, of my past self is dead! Therefore, old friend, we'll meet no more be'ow! " How ha , e the depths of bitterness been stirr'd Within my soul since those departed days; I, who could smile at every jesting word, — I, whom thy spirit at its will could raise Up to its own proud heights of dreamy thought,— I, from whose sunny hopes, thy nobler mind Fresh energy and inspiration caught,— How little of all this thou now would'st findl" DUBLIN UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE. The contents of the present Number of this Maga zine are of a very varied and amusing character. It open, with a quaint and amusing tale of "The Train fur the Overland," by Tilbury Trump, Queen's Mes senger. We then have a notice of Baron de Bode's Travels in Luristan and Arabistan, and then a student's reminiscences of the "Quartier Latin," from the pen of one who evidently thoroughly understands the French people. We believe that in the following passage the writer has explained the true cause of the instability of all Governments in France, and the secret of that constant yearning for change which is the bane of the French people : " Youth compressed, will burst like the boiler of a steam engine. Youth has no vent in France, it accu mulates an avalanche of dezpised dimensions—of legiti mate and restless ambitions • it contracts few marriages, families know not what to do with their children. What may be the real storm that shall move these masses I know not; but they will inevitably precipitate themselves upon the existing order of things, and overwhelm it. Louis XIV., Napoleon, England, were and are covetous of intelligent youth In France, youth is condemned by the new code; by the evil conditions of the election principle—by the vices of the ministerial constitution. In examining the construction of the elective chamber, you see there no deputy of thirty; the youth of Riche lieu aid that of Mazarin, the youth of Turenne and that of Colbert, the youth of Pit and that of Saint Just, that of Napoleon and that of Prince Metternich, would find no place there; Burke, Sheridan, or Fox, could not have taken a seat in it. Political majority should have been fixed at twenty-one years, and eligibility levelled to all conditions, the department s s h ou ld noettive elected any but bona fide deputies, not persons without any political talent, incapable of speaking without maiming gram mar, and amongst whom, during ten years , _ there has scarcely appeared a single stat esman . A t this moment the whole body of youth is driven to become republican, because it desires to see in rvpublicani&m its emancipa tion. It recals young representatives of the people, and young generals !" This is succeeded by a continuation of the series of articles on W,bert Burns. A pilgrimage to Caldaro is descriptive of a 'Visit to the celebrated E.qatica, Frau kin Morl, who exhibits the phenomena of what the writer calls spontaneous clairvoyance. She is re garded by some of the pious and devout Catholics as a prophetess, while, by others, it is considered that : - her IV - TOND st.‘e, , ised by Al 0 R'N she is p‘,. a dr . vil. The following is the de appearance during her extacy. ay breathing ; motionles, as if the directing spirit Wad already fled from the pale and ema ciated frame ; °so/ :t in body, yet, to all appearance, scription - g , ." ( t'n of absent in spirit, 4:Jd unconschmi of all around her; near m e, yet so far, 60 in: accessibly, unapproachably far from me; like one entran cep?, caught up to Heaven, seeing and hearing things /IL utterable; Maria Morl impressed me , I will confess, rs I stood there, alone in her pre sence, with to clings which I have not words to convey. Her large fun eye, so bright, yet so evidently fixed on something be yond the range of sensuous vision, directed upwards us in earnest though submissive entreaty, her hands gently joined together before her breast; the small red spot or scar visible on the back of the hand next me; her ;lead thr min slightly back, and turned a little to the right; her kair, of a bright brown, falling in wavy masses over her shoulders, and descending almost to her knees, her white bedgown and petticoat, so clean, so be coming, so sculpturally simple, her posit:on—in a word, her w!:010 i,ppearance, suggested the statue of a wor shipping sir ,gel, or of a praying Samuel, chiselled by a master's h 5 ad in toe marble of Carrara." She was roused from her extacy by her confessor, and welceped her visitor by a friendly nod, present ing him with a small coloured. print, which gave him the opportunity of observing tbestigmata on her hands. The writer also visited three other patients who were labouring under the; same disease of Maria Mori, and who are also considered by the peasantry as being subject to supernatural influence. The writer seems perfectly convinced that there is no trick or collusion in the matter, and if there be not, these cases are an additional con:irmation of the theory of self hypnotism recently broached by Mr. Braid. " The late Mrs. James Gray," is a kind, :feeling, and just tribute to the talents and virtues of one who was a constant contributor to the pages -of this Magazine, and who, as Mary Anne Brown, - had acquired a fame as a poetess, which will be enduring. She died near Cork, the 28th of Ja nuary last • THE 0' DONOGHUE. By Harry Lorrequer. No. 3. The Number of The 0 Donoghue for this month is not either as carefully written, or as interesting as the first or second. The author has fixed unon a time distant by fifty years from the present.;_ but he is continually falling into the mistake of applying phraseology known only in times much more modern to the Irish peasantry ; added to which he falls into Lady Morgan 's ridiculous error of putting into the mouths of his best characters an odd jumble of low vulgarisms and polite and polished sentences. On the whole, however, this work promises to be less ob jectionable to the generality of .:Irish readers than either of the last two. But the author should re member that it is not because the Roman Catholic religion is now held so cheaply in France, that the incident contained in the subjoined extract, as having occurred fifty years ago, is likely to be a whit more acceptable in the sister kingdom than was his libelous portrait in the person of " Father Tom Loftus." In the present Number he introduces a fire, a stranger, and a smuggler. The first is a sore perplexer to the victim—a recent settler from England. The second of course has the usual amount of mystery wrapped around him. And the third—but he speaks for him self in the following song and dialogue : Thus saying, Flahault pushed back his chair a little from the table, and in a rich deep bass voice, which rung through the high rafters of the cabin, chanted out the followin rude verses, to a French vaud ev ill e air— giving the final e of the French words, at the end of each line, that peculiar accentuation of a—which made the word sound conteabanda ! Though this information as to Captain Jacques' performance zeerns of little moment, yet such was the fact, that any spirit the doggrel possessed could only to attributed to the manner of the singer, and the effect produced by the intonation we have mentioned : LA CONTRABANDE. A bumper, " mes enfans," to swallow your care, A full bumper, we pledge, " a fArlande ;" The land of " belles femmes—le pays de bonn e t h ere , Et to:ijours de la Contraloande. Some like to make love, and some like to make war, Some of beauty obey la commande ;" But what is a glance from as eye, " bleu," or " noir," Except it b e " l a Contrabande." When a prince takes the cash that a peasant can't spare, And lets him lie down " sur la lande ;" Call it, as you like—but the truth is, I swear, " C'est bien pire que—la Contrabande." Stolen kisses are ever the sweetest, we're told, They sink like a " navire qui fende ;" And what's true of a kiss, is the same, too, of gold,. They're both, in their way, " Contrabande !" • • When kings take your money, they won't even say, " Mon atni le Die , u vous le rende ;" While even the priest fora blessing takes pay. - " C'est partout et toujours, Contrabande." The good things of life are not equal, I'm sure, Then how pleasant to make the " amende ;" To take from the wealthy, and give to the poor, " Voila ! que j'appelle, Contrabande." Yet, as matters go, one must not ►teem it strange, That even " La France et L'lrlande," If good wishes and friendship they simply exchange, There are folks who call that " Contrabande." " Five la Contrabande, Ines ands," shouted out Jacques, as he arose, glass in hand, and made the room ring with the toast. And every voice repeated the words, in such imitations as they were able. " "ris an elegant song, any way," said Lanty, " if one only understood it all—and the tune's mighty like the Cruiskeen Lawn.' " " Well, Harr . ‘," said Flahault, slapping his friend on the shoulder, " will the song persuade you to turn smuggler ? I fear not. You'd rather practise your own Contrabande' amongst the bright eyes and the. dark locks o f th e capital. Well, there are worse metiers.' I hare had a turn at it these fifteen years, and whether on the waters of Ontario, or Champlin, or scudding along under the fog-banks of the Scheldt, I n,-ver grew weary of it. But 1:ow for a little business talk—where is the Padre ? where's Father Luke ? Was be not to have been here to-night?" Mary whi.speted the answer in the captain's ear. " Ah ! parbleu," exclaimed he aloud—" is it so ? Practisir.g a little ' Contrabande' of his own—trying to see a poor fellow safe over the frontier, into the next world. _ Captain J acques ," sa id M ary, w i t h pis hor p , e, That,snot the way to t a lk o f t h e h o l y offices." pious Fie forr horror. p, ha wish I had old Maurice Dulang here, the priest of Trois Rivieres, he's the boy could despatch them without trouble." _ Neither Lanty nor Mary gave any encouragement to Flahault's new turn of the conversation, and so, address ing himself to Talbot, he went on— .' We were dining together one day, at the little inn at Trois Rivieres, when a messen ger came f rom L ac h6 gon, for the Pere to administer the last rites to a mourant.' Maurice promised to be there in half-an-hour, but never stirred—and though three other messengers came for him, the answer was all the same—until, at last came word, C'est trop lard, ii e‘t Trop tard said Maurice, ' not a bit of it ; give me a pen and ink, and some paper.' With that he folded a piece, note fashion, and wrote— " MON CIIER PIERRE—Fais ton petit possible pour cet pauvre diable, qui s'est glisso hors du monde sans mes coins. Apparement ii etait bien presse ; mais to I'arrangera pour le mieux. " Ton viol ami, " MAURICE DULANG., " St. Pierre, Ila Conciergerie au Paradis.' " Put that in his mouth," said Maurice, " and there's no fear of him." " Twas a blessed gospel he gave him," said Mary, who did not comprehend the French portion of thestory, " and sure it's as hood as anything." "We all thought so, Mary. Poor Maurice related the,. story at Lyons, when he was led out to the guillotine—but though the Commissaire laughed heartily, and enjo)ed it much, they had found a breviary in his portmanteau, and they couldn't let him otf. Pauvre To travel -- bout the world with the piece de conviction' in his possPssion." Though every book from the pen of "Harry Lorrequer," is looked forward to with pleasurable anticipations, and read with interest, yet it is ad mitted on all hands, that his style savours less of originality than as an imitation of Maxwell ; and hence the inapplicability of this st3le, however attrac tive and amusing in itself, to a story, characters, and incidents half a century o.d; yet it must be admitted that some of the dramatis personce are true to life, particularly the O'Donoghue and Laxity. THE ILLUMINATED MAGAZINE. We have read ) with much pleasure, this month's portion of Craven's tale "Father-Land." The writer has thrown more thought into it than usual, and it touches lightly, but effectively, on several points of our social system that might be altered with improve ment—among them, two things that affect the two extremes of society, prison discipline, and the educa tion of our public schools and colleges. As to the first, he points out a difference that ought not to exist, as it gives the balance of advantage to the convicted felon. " How long will it be a fact, credited by civilized Christian people, that in England the treatment of those suspected of crime was cnce more penal and severe, than after conviction had taken place ? That such is the ear n ing out of the law at the present moment is past per adventure, not alone in remote and ill -cared-for districts, but in the heart of our great metropolis itself. The New Prison, at Clerkenwell, is the place appointed for the safe-keeping of persons charged upon wholly ex parte statements, awaiting evidence being adduced against them, the arrival of witnesses, or, in short, anything or everything that shall make such a case as would warrant their committal for trial. Millbank Prison is the recep tacle of the convicted felonry, awaiting conveyance be yond sea ; of the worst of tra nsports—villains of every conceivable grade of atrocity : murderers, who have had the luck to come within the loosest interpetration of manslaughter ; in short, of vagabonds, ninety per cent. of whom would have been hung at the Old Bailey a dozen years ags. And in what relation of comfort and convenience do these two gaols stand towards each other? The board and lodging of convicts under sentence, at Millbank, bears such comparison with that of the accused under suspicion at Clerkenwell, as the meqage of the Cla rendon ( oes to that of Marylebone workhouse. Why does not some Member of Parliament, with bowels, call ING, MARCH 3 1845. for a return of all persons remanded, during the past year, from the metropolitan police-offiees to the New Prison, and of those subsequently committed fn• trial and discharged." " Travel and Talk," by Luke Roden, is a. little dif fuse but readable; he gives a fearful instance —the man revenging the suffering of the school boy on his brute of a master, in the portion of his paper in which he treats of the school system of the good old times. " The Philosophy of News papers," by Angus Reach, is well written, but opens no riew reflections on the subject ; some space is de voted to a discussion of the practice of anonymous editing. Mr. Reach is a strenuous advocate for the opposite system, attributing to it the higher position held by the political writer in France compared to his stall; in this country. We question if anything would be gained to the conductors of the press here, by the change. Nor is the prac tice in France so different from our own ; the only contributions to the French daily press that are acknowledged are the feuilletons, and they are often written under feigned names; the articles in their reviews have the writers' names appended to them snore frequently than with us ; but did Macaulay, or Sydney Smith, or Brougham, or Wilson ever pen an article that was not at once as well known to be theirs, as if they had added their signature? Again, the editors of the daily journals are most of them well known, so thatthedikrent po sition of the press in the two countries does not arise from the publicity of the names of the conductors of it. There are many other influences at work here to produce the result of which the writer of the article complains. Almost every road to power and emolu ment is commanded here by the aristocracy, with their immense wealth and political influence, and with th,-se, mere talent, if they contend, must do it at fear ful odds. Were public writers to put their names to everything they penned, it would improve their posi tion in noone respect, and snake it much worse in many. But the question is too intricate to be discussed here. The liveliest article in the number is " Embalming a House," as practised in Dublin forty years ago; the process is ordinary enough, but it is de. , crPisid with much gusto—that relish for mischief which is a main ingredient in Irish fun. We have only space to give the names of the remaining articles—they are the "Adventures of a Scamp," the " Past, the Present, and the Possible," a paper on " Whittington," and a review of Grantley Berkeley's pamphl,A on the game-laws, of portentous length—indeed, out of all proportion to the merits or importance of the work itself. DOL-41A2VS MAGAZINE—No. I. The time seems fast approaching when not only every political party, but every religious sect will have its organs of the monthly as well •as• of the weekly press. Dolman's Magazine is evidently intended to be the monthly organ of the British Roman Catholics ; and, judging from this, the first Number, we are of opinion that the tank of representing the thoughts and feelings of the Roman Catholics of Great Britain, of defending their faith, and of seeking redress for their grievances, could not have fallen into abler hands. The great purpose of this magazine is evidently the propagation of the Roman Catholic doctrine ; and although its con tents are of the most varied character, there is not one article —nay scarcely one sentence--throughout the Number, which is nit made to subserve to this purpose. We extract the following hit at the pedantic puppyism of the Puseyites with regard to dates, from a very ably written article on the subject of Tractarianism, in the shape of a review of a Pusey ite sermon, by Mr. Browne. " Mr. Browne dates his sermon on the Feast of St. Andrew, Apost. and Mart. 1844-45.' This is the style in use among the Oxford Tractarians : and this style their friends amongst the English Catholics have had the weakness to copy. That is to say, they have adopted a system of dates unintelligible to the community at large; so inconvenient to themselves that they are obliged to add to their almanacs explanatory calendars to which they may refer ; and different from the style followed by their co religionists in every part of the world. We have seen as many letters from Popes 'and Cardinals as most Englishmen ; but they all signed their letters like —like Christians : as if their object was to be generally understood, not to point themselves out as members of a sect—however pious and learned. We well remember some years ago, the amiable jocularity with which the late lamented Bishop Baines told us of a skirmish he had just had with a correspondent. The latter, who, it should seem, was a copier of the Tractarian plan, had dated his letter to the Bishop with the name of the saint on whose festival it was written. In answering the letter, Dr. Baines had dated his reply Marsh Mallows.' This had produced an indignant remonstrance from the corre spondent, with a request to know why the letter bore so strange a date. I replied to him,' said the Bishop to us, that I gathered, from his own style of dating his letters, that the days of the month were to be no longer used as heretofore, and that each one was, therefore, at liberty to follow his own ideas in the matter ; that he, my correspondent, had dated his letter a ith the name of a sa nt of whom I had so seldom heard that Iwas obliged to take the trouble of referring to my breviary to see when the festival had occurred : that I then remem bered a little monkish volume which gave, opposite to each day of the year, the name of some flower or matter of horticultural interest : that referring to this when I dated my reply to him, I had found ttie day markt d as that on which Marsh Mallows' blossomed : that I shOuld be sorry if my new plan put him to any inconve nience ; but that as the old system of dates was to be superseded, I intended, for my own part, to follow that of my little book." THE POLYTECHNIC REVIEW. Though the useful in this work prevails over the amusing, yet it generally contains much that may be perused to advantage. For instance, the series of papers (concluded in this number) on "Pro jPctile Weapons and Explosive Compounds," have been the best we have seen on the subject, and do the greatest credit to the research of Mr. Scoffern, the author of them. The feature this month is a paper on Austin's patent for raising sunken vessels, which is to he used by a company f o r th e p urpose o f rescu i ng from old Neptune some of the many rich morsels he has en gulphed. We heartily wish the plan success. The following paragraph furnishes a tempting precedent for the speculation, which may serve to balance the unfortunate business of Le Telemaque and the French adventurers:— " In the year 1683 (about a century after the first exhibition of the diving- bell in Europe before the Em peror Charles V. of Germany) William Phipps, founder of the noble house of Mulgrave and Norrnanby, formed a subscription, to which the famous General Monk, Duke of Albemarle, largely contributed, for searching and unloading a Spanish galleon, sunk about forty-five year: previously, on the coast of Hispaniola (St. Do mingo.) After one or two failures, Mr. Phippa suc ceeded, and returned in 1687 to England, with treasure amounting to 300,0001. sterling. The tenth part accrued to the King: the Duke of Albemarle's share was 90,000/. and subscribers of 1001. received 10,0001. each from the adventure." GEORGE CRUIKSHAAYK'S TABLE BOOK. The frontispiece of the present number, entitled " The Folly of Crime," is a work of the very highest order of art, and is alone worth double the price of the book. The letterpress illustration, although good, is scarcely worthy of the picture ; but it would re quire the pen of a John Bunyan to do justice to the genius displayed by Cruikshank in this picture. The remaining illustrations are redolent of fun—such sketches as Cruikshank alone can produce—witness his Alexander on Bucephalus, his illustration of the Stage Ladies'-maid, and of the Music-master in China. The best literary articlos of the number are the New Edition of Letnpriere, by the Editor, and the sketch of the Stage Ladies'-maid. THE INSTITUTIONAL ADVOCATE. This monthly publication is intended to - be a common medium of communication between the numerous literary and sicentitic institutions now existing throuzhout the country. The plan and purpose of the work is good, and, if they are well worked out, it will succeed. The present is the third number. TVA DE'S LONDON RE VIE W There is some sound information in this Magazine, especially in the articles on the " Rise and Progress of British Industry," and " Scotland a Model for Landlords." The worli is evidently improving. FISHER'S COLONIAL MAGAZINE. This number opens with a paper intended to prove the " Prosperity and Splendour of England not dis crepant with the Power and Jurisdiction of France." The article is a good one, but the difficulty is to get both nations to he of one opinion on the matter. The other papers are varied, but all bearing on colonial matters, emigration, &c., are not so generally interesting. SIMMONI)S'S COLO!' lAI, MAGAZINE. Lieutenant Thomas Lutter, of the 67th Bengal Regiment, contributes to this Number a paper on the " Colonization of Algeria by France," which is re plete with information of a most valuable character, and is well worthy the study of all who take an interest in the subject of colonization. Mr. M'Cornbie's " Sketches of an Australian Chief" is interesting, as the portrait of the physical and in tellectual 'eatures of a race which is rapidly becom ing extinct. The remainder of the papers are of the average degree of merit. Mr. Winkworth, now Landing Surveyor at Rams gate, is to he Comptroller at Portsmouth, and Mr. George Gwythir, First Clerk at Milford, to be promoted to the vacancy at Ramsgate. We understand that the situation of Collector of Customs at Dartmouth, having become vacant by the death of Mr. Brooking, thy• office will be filled by Mr. Moody, now Comptroller of the Customs at Portsmouth. ROCHDALE FLANNEL MARKET, MONDAY, Fin. 24. —There has been a steady demand for flannels, without any change in the rates from those of the last two weeks. The wool market continues rather dull, and prices re• main the same without any likelihood of advance,— illanchester Guardian. RAIL WAY DEPARTMENT OF THE BOARD OF TRADE. REPORT OF THE RAILWAY DEPARTMENT OF THE BOARD OF TRADE ON THE MANCHESTER AND LEEDS DISTRICT. Railway Department, Board of Trade, Whitehall. The Board constituted by Minute of the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade, for the transaction of railway business, having had under consideration the different schemes deposited with the Railway Department for extending railway communica tion in the Manchester and Leeds district, have determined on submitting the following report thereon for the consideration of Parliament. In this case, the question of preference between schemes proposed fur co.npleting the railway communication, of a district in con. nexion with an existing trunk line, and schemes similar in their general object, proposed by independent companies, is so deeply in volved, that we think it desirable to commence our report by quoting the following passage from our previous report on the south-eastern district, in which the principles by which we have been guided in such cases are fully stated The list of schemes in this district shows that on the one hand a very extensive and comprehensive system for the accommo. dation of the whole Kentish and South-Eastern district, is pro. posed by the south.eastern Company, in connexion with their existing lines; while, on the other hand, the same or nearly the same objects are proposed to be a•.tained by a number of new and independent schemes. " This renders it necessary that we should begin by an explicit statement of the principles which have guided us, in this and simi lar cases, in forming an opinioa whether a preference ought or ought not to be given, and if given, under what conditions and to what extent, to lines for csmpleting the accommodation of parti cular Districts, which lines are in connexion with existing railways in those districts. "In this, as in every other case, we here endeavoured to keep steadily in view the attainment I f the greatest amount of public advantage. Ne have not recognised the existence of anything like a vested right in existing Companies to be protected from the same description of competition which they have the.nselvcs in flicted on canals and other existing modes of communication. Be. yond, perhaps, a bare preference, in cases of absolt to equality, due to the interests of shareholders, who themselves constitute a Portion of the public, we have not considered that an existing railway Company could claim any preference over other parties proposing to effect the same objects, beyond that which might re. suit from a•l identification of interest with the public. "Considering the subject in this point of view, it appears to us that, as a general rule, the most important point for the interests of the public, is to secure the hes: permanent lines of railway communication for the country at large and fur the wants of the district. To sanction an inferior or unnecessarily circuitous line proposed by an existing Company, or to reject one of decided public and local advantage, proposed by a new Company, for the sake of any terms that could he offered by an existing Company, would, in our opinion, be, except under peculiar circumstances, unfair to. wards the local interests thus sacrificed, and unwise as regards the general and permanent interests of the public. "We have, therefore, as a general rule, considered it as an essential preliminary requisite, before entering upon the question of giving protection to existing Companies by al.. lowing them to complete the railway communications of particular districts, that the lines proposed by them shall be, in all substantial respects, sound in themselves, and not inferior to those proposed by any other parties. " Assuming this to be the case, the question is at once raised whether the public are likely to derive most benefit from competi tion, or from arrangements with the existing Company. " With regard to the general principles which regulate competi. lion in the case of railways, we bare little to add to the reports of the Select Committee on Railways of last session, by whom the subject was fullyinvestigated. The Committee state, in their Fifth Report : ." When the lines are very short, the probability Is, that unless charges be moderate, road traffic will revive, and in such cases the public have a great degree of security, Again, as respects the car riage of goods, it is found in practice that by other channels of con veyance, such as canals, an effective control may, under certain circumstances, be placed upon railway charges. But in considering the case of passenger charges, and in all classes of lines, except those which are so short as to be effectually checked by the ordi. nary road, the Committee think that little can be permanently ex pected from the mere multiplication of railways in the way of secu. rity for moderation of charge. There may be, indeed, indirect and accidental competition between railways, which may cause cheap ness, and there may even be direct and brisk ccmpetition, with great reductions of fare, for short periods. But in such cases of competition, somewhat modified, as have hitherto occurred, the themselves, the Committee cannot in all cases repose implicit filth in it.' " ' With regard to the check of competition by railways among result has generally been increase of charge by mutual arrange. merit or positive amalgamation of the competing Companies. The experience of the past is, however, limited, and might not, if taken alone, warrant any conclusive opinion ; but in looking to the nature of the question itself, the Committee feel this difficulty, that they cannot, in case of railways, anticipate any such facilities in the introduction of new competitors as to check the proceedings of the Companies actually in possession of the traffic ; that in fact there is no district in which the traffic will support any consider able number of railways; that there is no case in which they can imagine a likelihood of more than two, or at the very utmost, three lines of railway communication, which could be so situated as to compete with one another, and they cannot conceive that two bodies, or even three, acting by compact executive boards, and secure against the entrance of any other party into the field, will fail to combine together. It is, therefore, their apprehension, that in such cases, either the different railways will continue to be worked, and then that extreme measures will be taken in con cert fur the purpose of paying very moderate dividends, and it may be found that several capitals have been ex pended for performing the business which could have been equally well, or perhaps even better, performed by one; or a closer combination will take place among the Companiras--- they will choose the line upon which they can most profitably carry the traffic, and will leave the rival line or lines unoc cupied.' "The principle here etated,that competition loses more or less of its value as a security for the public, when from the nature of the case it is limited to two or three parties, who are constantly urged by mutual interest to combine, has received abundant cor roboration from the experience of what has already taken place in the history of railways. " The following instances may be mentioned where railway Companies, in a situation to compete, have, after a short time, either amalgamated or combined together, so as to put an end to competition : " The Leeds and Selby with the York and North Midland ; in this case the former line being virtually for several years shut up. " The Birmingham and Derby with the Midland Counties. " The Chester and Crewe with the Grand Junction. "The Manchester and Birmingham with the Grand Junction. " The Belton and Preston with the North Union. "The Northern and Eastern with the Eastern Counties. " On the other hand, we are not aware of a slight instance which can be pointed out, in which the public are now deriving any benefit from direct competition between two railways. " In addition to the instances of combination between directly competing Companies, recent experience has furnished numerous instances of the tendency of smaller lines, originally sanctioned as independent undertakings, to resign their independence into the hands of powerful neighbours. We may mention, among other instances of this tendancy, the amalgamation or lease of the Shef field and Manchester to the Midland and Manchester and Bir mingham. " Of the Bristol and Exeter, and Cheltenham and Great Western, with the Great Western. "Of the Hull and Selby, and Manchester and Bolton, with the Manchester and Leeds. " Of the North Union with the Liverpool and Manchester and Grand Junction. " Of the Greenwich with the South-Eastern. " Of the Sheffield and Itotheram with the Midland. " Of the Chester and Birkenhead with the Chester ansl Holy. head. " Of the Bristol and Gloucester with the Birmingham and Gloucester. Beside others that might be quoted. " The same principle has received further elucidation from the inquiries of Parliamentary Committees on former occasions, as well as from the great body of evidence collected by the Commis sioners of Inquiry into the Sanatory Condition of Large Towns, in regard to the operation of the principle of competition as com pared to that of well regulated monopoly in the analogous cases of water and gas companies. Indeed it is too evident, as a general proposition, to be disputed ; although great caution may be re quired in its application, and in discriminating those cases where the ecmpetition is of a pure and simple nature, such as must even tually lead to a compromise, from those where a certain degree of indirect and incidental competition may exist, from which the public may expect to derive lasting benefit, either in the shape of reduction of charge or of extension of accommodation. " When an existing railway Company proposes schemes which, although only partially sufficient for the fall accommodation of the district, may yet be sufficient to prevent other parties from enter ing the field with further or improved projects in that district, the arguments against the creation of a monopoly acquire additional strength. The simpler case is, when, as in the present instance, the existing Company comes forward with a complete arid cont. prehensive scheme, and the question is reduced to this : whether the existing Company is able and willing to offer guarantees for the public advantage superior to any that can be afforded by a new Company. " Of the ability of the old Company to offer such guarantees here can, generally speaking, be little doubt. " telly. An established Cotnpany, which has a ♦aluable pro. perty and large available income independent of the new scheme, can, of course, offer a guarantee for the fulfillment of all that it it undertakes to accomplish greatly superior to that of any new Company, however respectable. " This consideration derives great weight from the experience which has been already afforded of the failure of many new Com panies to accomplish the objects for which they were incorporated. We need on)) , refer to the instances of the Eastern Counties Company, which was incorporated as a line from London to Nor wich, and has never yet been carried beyond Colchester; of the Northern and Eastern, which for many years stopped short of Cambridge ; and of the Great North of England, which abandoned the portion of its line between Darlington and Newcastle. " 2dly. The traffic of a system of lines connected with one another can always be worked more economically and con veniently under one uniform management than by independent Companies. The Company which works the main trunk line, and possesses the principal terminal stations, can run more frequent trains, and make better arrangements for forwarding the traffic of the cross lines, than it could afford to do if two or three separate establishments had to be maintained, and the harmony of arrange. ments depended on two or three independent authorities. Under such circumstances a conflict of feeling and interest has almost in variably grown up, from which the public has suffered the most serious inconvenience. When the traffic is large, this conflict has frequently led not only to increased inconvenience, but to increased danger; and where the terminus or a portion of the rails of one Company have been common to the other, these results have been greatly aggravated. "idly. An established Company can always, if so disposed, offer guarantees and advantages for a greater extent of railway than the new Company, viz., for the existing as well as the projected lines. When the existing Company is already in possession of the princi pal trunk of the district, the advantage of securing such guarantees for the whole system, rather than for only a small portion of it, is rendered more apparent. " The Select Committee of last session, for reasons which are fully stated in their report, attach great importance to the obtain. ing of guarantees from existing companies, by voluntary arrange ments similar to those which they recommended, and which Parlia ment subsequently adopted in the case of new railways; and ex press a strong hope, ' that among the existing companies there may be those which will be disposed to accede to arrangements, resembling, in their general principle and effect, those which are now proposed for new railways.' " 4thly. Whatever guarantees may bo thus offered by existing Companies, possess the double advantage, as compared with simi lar offers from new Companies, of coming into immediate opera. Lion, and of being more certainly rendered effectual. An offer from a new Company to bind itself to charge fares considerably lower than those usual upon other lines, might readily be ma d e, In the hope of thereby securing their Bill: but the fulfi!ment of it would depend almost entirely upon the eventual success of the line, and its ability to perform its engagements. No Act of P ar li a ment could compel an insolvont concern to carry at as low rates, and afford as ample accommodation, as a prosperous under taking might be able to do. A moderate offer from an established Company, who can be relied on to fulfil their engagements, is therefore preferable to one apparently more advantageous from a new Company. among other of f ea la s s o t ; ns ess ‘ i V o e n, C o o f nc g l u iv d i e ng th a at r t r h e e fe i r m e l n ic oe y in;ic F at o ed r th l ' ) e y se the n Committee to the schemes of ex i st i ng railway Companies for supplying their own districts, when such schemes are as good or better than that of asy other parties, where no special reasons exist which should induce us to look for advantage from competition, and where the old Company voluntarily offers such guarantees as may reasonably be required to protect the public against the possible abuses of aao. .._ -- ------ ~ v - --- .. nopoly, or such conditions as at once place the public in a better position than they could hope to obtain from competition, is that from which the greatest amount of permanent public advantage is likely to be derived. " We by no means intend these principles to be considered as rules of universal application, being satisfied that no abstract or in variable rule can be safely laid down by which to decide cases of such complexity, and varying so greatly in detail ; but we have thought it desirable to state thus generally the views which have guided us in cases like this of the south-eastern district, and upon which the soundness of the conclusions at which we have arrived must mainly depend." We now proceed to apply these principles to the case before us. The question upon which we have had to decide virtually resolves itself into one between the system of lines proposed by the Leeds and West Riding Junction Company--a Company formed by an alliance between the Manchester and Leeds Company and an inde pendent local party—and a system similar in its general objects, proposed by two independent Companies, the West Yorkshire and Leeds and Dewsbury, in competition with the former. The lines proposed by the different parties are so nearly identical in their general direction, that a reference to the accompanying map, upon which they are traced In different colours, is necessary in order to understand them fully. The general oljects proposed are Ist. To shorten the present extremely circuitous route from Leeds to Manchester, by way of N'ormanton. 2d. To connect with each other, and with existing railways, the populous and important towns of the West Riding of Yorkshire; such as Leeds, Bradford, Halifax, Huddersfield, Wakefield, Dews bury, with their adjacent districts. The immense populaton arid resources of this district, which may be described as one great hive of manufacturing industry, render the importance of extending to it a comprehensive system of railway communication too obvious to require comment. There are several peculiarities, however, in the gistrict, considered with reference to such a system, to which it may be well to advert. It is a district of singular engineering difficulty, presenting an almost constant succession of irregular and abrupt elevations and valleys, through which railways can only be carried at a great expense, and by adopting gradients much less favourable than those usual upon other lines. In fact, a great part of the country would have been pronounced altogether impracticable, until the recent expe_ rience of the enlarged capabilities of the locomotive engine had led engineers to modify the opinions formerly entertained. The Manchester and Leeds Railway, although carried by a circui.ous route along the leading valley of the district, has cost upwards of 50,0001 per mile .in its construction. Owing partly to these engineering dialculties, and partly to the depressed state of the money market since 1838, this important district has re mained hitherto destitute of all railway accommodation, except • hat afforded by the trunk line of the Manchester and Leeds Railway. Another peculiarity in the district is the number of important and populous towns and matufacturing villages scattered over it so irregularly that their connexion cannot possibly be effected by any one line of railway. This will be understood best by reference to the map, from which it will be seen, that any line that connects Leeds with Bradford and Halifax, and those places with Man. chester, necessarily isolates Huddersfield and Dewsbury, while, on the other hand, a Manchester and Leeds line, carried through those places, would provide no accommodation fur Bradford and Halifax. The traffic of the dish ict is also such as to require a very corn. plete communication of all these towns with one another, as well as an outlet for each of them towards their great manufacturing capitals, Leeds and Manchester, and towards their great shipping ports, Liverpool and Hull. It consists in a great measure of what may be called an "omnibus traffic," circulating from town to town within the district, in the pursuits of manufacturing industry, and to attend the cloth and other markets which are held weekly on stated days In all the chief emporiums, and the traffic in goods and raw materials, owing to the subdivison in the processes of ma. nufacture throughout the district, will be of a very similar descrip. hon. The great bulk of this local traffic will be of a character to require for its proper development bo.h very cheap rates and very numerous trains. It is important to keep these considerations in view, as they must constitute the basis of any judgment upon the systems of railway communication proposed for the wants of the district. Having regard to these objects, and referring to the lines of the Leeds and West Riding Company, as laid down in the map, it will be seen that they afford a very complete net-work of railway corn. munication for the district. They propose:- 1. A line from Leeds through Pudsey, Low Moor, and Halifax, to join the Manchester and Leeds Railway, and form with It a new trunk line between Leeds and Manchester, which reduces the dis tance from 61 miles to 47 miles 7 furlongs. 2. A line from Bradford to the first line at Low Moor, and thence by the Cleckheaton Valley to a junction with the Man. chester and Leeds Railway at Dewsbury. 3. A line from Leeds, by Wortley and Batley, to Dewsbury. 4. A line from the Manchester and Leeds Railway, at; Cooper's Bridge, to Huddersfield. 5. A line across from the first-mentioned line, a little beyond Low Moor, to Brighouse; and a short branch out of the Dewsbury lino to Birstal and Gomersal. An inspection of the map will show how completely all the lead ing objects of railway communication of the district are attained by this system. The following towns, arranged according to the populations of their respective parishes, are placed in direct railway communication with one another, and, through the Manchester and Leeds Rail. way, with Manchester, Liverpool, and Hull, viz.:— Leeds ... 152,054 Halifax Bradford 105,257 Huddersfield Wakefield Dewsbury Birstal Bat ley Pudsey besides other populous villages and manufacturing establishments, and the important iron works of Low Moor. These places ap pear to be all placed by the above system on as favourable and di rect lines of communication wi h one another as the nature of the country will adroit of, and also as good lines of communication to Manchester, London, Hull, and otoer places beyond the district, with the exception of Huddersfield, which is in a manner isolated, and where more direct connexion with Manchester is left to ano. ther Company. This comprehensive system of communication for the entire West Riding district was submitted to us, by its promoters, shortly after the close of the last session of Parliament, accompanied by an assurance, on their part, of their desire to render it in every re spect as complete as possible. A line from Leeds te Dewsbury, promoted by an independent party, was shot tly afterwards brought before us. Subsequently another independent Company, the West Yorkshire, was formed, for the purpose of promoting two lines, identical in their 'general direction and objects with those of the West Riding Company, No. I, Leeds by Low Moor and Halifax ; and No. 2, Bradford by Low Moor and Cleckheaton to Dewsbury. - The first of these lines might naturally be considered as a emu peting line with the Leeds and Dewsbury, and its extension through Huddersfield to Manchester ; but the promoters being united in opposition to the West Itiding and Manchester and Leeds Corn. patty, may be considered for the present as in one interest. We have, therefore, first, the comprehensive scheme above described of the West Riding Company, and secondly, the same scheme, promoted by different independent companies, viz., the Halifax and Bradford lines by the West Yorkshire, the Dewsbury line by the Leeds and Dewsbury Company, and the Cooper's Bridge and Hud dersfield line by the Huddersfield and Manchester and Leed, and Dewsbury Companies in conjunction. In accordance with the principles stated at the outset of this report, our inquiry was first directed to ascertain whether either of these schemes presented a decided preference in itself over the competing scheme. In respect of distance between the several points where connexion is important, the following table will show that there is nothing to give a decided preponderance: By West By West York. Riding Scheme. shireand Leeds and Dewsbury. Miles. Chains. Miles. Chains. Leeds to Manchester via Halifax 47 60 48 25 Halifax to Leeds Halifax to Bradford Huddersfield to Bradford ...... Huddersfield to Leeds Dewsbury to Leeds A more important difference between the two schemes exists in respect of gradients, engineering features, and cost of construction. The two schemes have been laid out on very opposite principles. The West Riding lines generally have been laid out on the prin. ciple that the nature of the traffic would neither require nor jus tify the enormous outlay that would have been necessary in order to obtain gradients equal to those which, in the infancy of railway practice, were thought requisite, and that It was desirable to adopt steeper gradients, in order to economise upon the first cost of con struction. The lines of the rival system, on the other hand, ap_ pear to have been laid out with a view to attaining superior gra.. clients, at a much greater cost. The expense of this system is further swelled by the construction of about seven miles of addi. tional railway parallel with the existing line of the Manchester and Leeds Railway. GIADIENTS.—As the question of gradients and curves enters as an important element into the consideration of these and many other schemes, it may be well that we should here state the views by which we have been guided in forming a judgment. Discarding all merely theoretical considerations, we have ap proached the subject in a practical point of view, referring to the actual experience of existing railways as the sole test of what Is admissible in regard to future ones. And first in regard to gradients, The improvements that have taken place in the construction of the locomotive engine have greatly enlarged the standard of its capabilities. Not many years ago, anything steeper than lin 200 was looked upon as a decidedly objectionable feature in a line, and enornnaus expense was incurred in avoiding gradients of steeper The difference of expense in construction between a line with first-class gradients, as it was called, i. e. none steeper than 1 in 200, and one with second-class gradients ranging up to 1 in 100, was frequently not less than 10,0001., 20,0001., or even 30,0001. per mile. The London and Birmingham, Great Western, and Brighton lines, for instance, averaging 50,0001. per mile, while the Grand Junction and London and South-Western did not ex ceed from 20,0001. to 25,0001. Experience has fully proved that no saving either in time or economy of working, has been attained at all commensurate to this enormous additional outlay of capital. Indeed, in many cues, cheaply-con. structed lines have been worked at an equal or less expenditure for locomotive power, and at as high an average velocity as Imes coisstructed at twice the expense. This is so universally admitted, that such gradients as were formerly thought objectionable are now adopted every day as a matter of course, and as the capabilities of the locomotive have been enlarged, gradients of a class which would have been considered a few years ago altogether impracticable, have come into general use. It is important to ascertain, by reference to actual practice, the results which have been already arrived at, and which must be taken as starting points to guide us in the consi t d h e o rat a i i o d n of of any new neenwgisncehectno: The Lickey incline, on the BirmirnyigoloiasmilawnodnGvolonuiecnescteertl:aainlweaxy., that such an incline is a conclusive proof that a gradient of 1 in 37 for a length of two of gravity, ai u may be ro b e b, ,ay, ipt worked thrhoiftfosre b o e regumlaatedy be by d t e h . e ifurt h c tcoh l . l ue a ti purpose,nisdt action:smceteiriu'lei l dc i se dee do S ft threer u "tbaa. t r t e o a n k s. incline Railway, is surmounted by the ordinary trains of that railway, whose traffic is of a very heavy description, with a single locomo. tire engine. On the Newcastle and Carlisle line, an incline of 1 in 106 for four mile► consecutively, is surmounted by the ordinary trains without difficulty or delay. The use of a stationary engine for ascending the incline on the Manchester and Leeds Railway from the Victoria station, which Is 1 in 59 for 1,000 yards, and 1 in 49 for 640 yards, has been in a great measure discontinued, the ordinary engines being found caps.. ble of taking up it heavy passenger and goods trains of not less than 80 tons weight. On the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway stationary power has ►ikewise been discontinued, the locomotive engine being found a more efficient and economical substitute on the Glasgow incline of lin .12 for 1 miles ; and recently the locomotive engine has been equally substituted for stationary power upon the inclined plane of the Loudon and Birmingham Railway, from the Euston. square terminus to Camden.town, parts of which are at I in IS and 1 in 75. Many other facts of a similar nature might be quoted, but the above seem quite sufficient to establish the general proposition,- 1. That gradients of from 1 in 50 to 1 in 100, are perfectly practicable to the ordinary locomotive engine, we moderate loads. That gradients up to 1 in 37i or higher, may be surmounted by heavy trains, with the aid of an assistant engine of peculiar construction. The application of these facts requires much discrimination. Nothing can be more fallacious than a mere comparison •f gra. uuclugeu. 11(e there‘‘ I