The Sun. — London, England, 1844-01-05 00:00:00

!;t0; .;t4..' only the 'r of le to hark a for •-;.` :, e, and , e Vr ;t., • . ,sII "lq of holidays (20 days). As, however, he petitioned for a pro- On the other hand, we h ave seen •l e tt ers f rom Cianten, men longation o f t hi s period ' we gave him a month in ad- boning that rumours prevailed there that Keying and other dition, to rest his mental as well as physical powers. On high authorities had written to the Emperor, to represent that recovering he immediately returned to • his duties, but it would be necessary to deduct, from the amount of the Im only a few days after he suddenly departed this li!o penal duties now received five candarines per picul, for the in the Palace, while in the act of preparing a docu. payment of the Chinese officers connected with the Custom 'tient for ou r i nspect i on. Our grief was extreme for he had house ; and that they, expecting his Alajesty's gracious ap strongclaim on our gratitude, and we therefore no w con f er proval, would begin already to deduct that amount. If this is honours' according to his rank as a statesman ane scholar. As the case, the position of the linguists becomes doubly unten• a proof of our affection we shall offer sacrifice to his departed able ; and certainly British merchants ought never to subm' spirit in the Temple of the Virtuous. We have conferred to their exactions. upon him the To-10-king cover f or hi s coffin, and now appoint the Princes 'Tae-tuy and Tae-ling, with 10 officers of the im perial body guard on an eat ly day to pour out a libation before 1 _? ,1 11. Let a d on a t i on of 1,500 tads of silver be given for his I_9t eral exp enses, and let his body lio in state in the Imperial Cemetery, for irchis official capacity th ere i s not a s ing', in stance in which - he deserved reprehension. His grandsons, Lin -been, Lin-thing, and Lin. yung,'when arrived at the years of maturity (16), are to be presented to the Civil Board, that `2 , , ;(3 may conf er our f avours upon them, and thus show our grief have rthe deceased. Wh en t h e usual ceremonies on i his occasion been performed let them be duly repirod. Respect this. (No date. ) Canton P rea ;, Aug. .?2. - . THE FRENCH EMBASSY TO CHINA. We learn, by letters from Canton, that the French Consul Count de Ratti Menton, presented his credentials to the Viceroy of Canton, at the country house of Pwankingqua. This ceremony, which was preceded by several visits to the French Consul and Captain Firman Duplan from the Kwang ohowfoo, and a delegate from the Imperial Commissioner, may be considered another progressive step in the clients which have lately taken place. Towards eight o'clock of the morning of the 6th of September two boats belonging to the French corvette Alcmene left Canton for the place of meeting. , They contained the French Consul, Captain Duplan, the Chancelier de Consulat, eight officers of the corvette, an interpreter, and several private gentlemen, and reached the house of Pwankingqua after an hour's pull. Then the Corn niandant anti Consul were shown into the large hall, and a delegate of the Imperial Commissioner, the Kwangchowfuo, and st-veral other mandarins paid their respects to them. At near the hour fixed upon an officer wearing a ehr)stal button announced that the Imperial Commissioner was prepared for the interview, when the Consul and Captain with the others before-mentioned descended to the reception-room, and there found the high Chinese officers and a number of other functionaries wearing white and blue buttons. Some compliments having passed, the French Consul pre sented his credentials from the Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Viceroy, who handed them to the Imperial Commissioner, and the latter took note of and returned them to him. After this many questions were put, concerning his Majesty the King of the French, about France and her Ministers generally, and more particularly M. Guizot became the subject of conversa tion, which continued for more than an hour, during which a collation was offered by the high Chinese officers to their guests. This intercourse between the high Chinese functionaries and officers of foreign nations would lead us to suppose that an im portant change is beginning .to operate with regard to Eu ropeans--a change which, managed with care, would appear to augur an approach to an entirely friendly understanding between the Celestial empire and the various European Governments. TRADE WITH CHINA (From the Canton Register.) fly the latest advices from Canton, we learn that the trade there w as suffering so much interruption and inco nveni ence as to be nearly at a stand for the present. 'f he Hong merchants stem anxious to continue their former monopoly, and as the he lls, where merchandise has been always warehoused, are in their hands, and traders have been unable to procure a ny t. °the rs , they se em possessed of su ffi cient power to effect th e i r o The Hopp o , too, are unw i lling to adm i t goods upon Pabje Yinent of th e duties settled by the new tariff, without the addition of further imposts • and the native linguists exclaim loudly th a t their einOlumen ' fs are lessened to a ruinous degree, while their labours are g reatly increased.. judg es All this i s very much what was expected by the best , and we believe it arises wholly from local interests and prejudices, w ith out b e i ng directed by the supreme vernGo fieriest . It is, ho wever , not . t h e l ess necessary that the resistance s h ou ld b e made to any encroachment or deviation from the terms settled by the treaty ; if any "nee' :illsion is once made no ono can tell how far additional imposts be aQeumulated under various pre; entess, until affairs are 'ought back to the same state from which we havejust escaped. If other means fail, our own Government must be called on to te e to the proper administration of the treaty so lately solemnly „,s n , fi finsd, and we have no doubt the same prudent firmness ;i"'est brought the former negotiations to so-satisfactory a con- The ' will will be equally successful now. : the We, the 'he followine is the petitio n of the Chinese linguists : u s, nde _ rs e igedli linguists, beg respectfully to call e a h tteeti en of the foreign merchants resident at Canton to t-e necesaity of making some new arrangements for the remuneration - services, suited to the altered state of the ti mes. of our .. ,`! Previ ously we received an allowance called 'tam-tow' or la nd being sum of so much per picul on all goods d (say t , a . six cash, t er picul), or shipped off %ay fo ur th uds six h This was paid through the ° eg Iner e h a l el, four cash ). • ell " of the C I ed in the differ -1 d ' to the Hoppo, being foreign and native Ins s ( ling and selling price :between the four tim—reilants, and we received it from the Hoppo ' s office trodue e i es P e r, annum. When the new order of things was in- , or s-i p n i.t ea r,'Y a month ago, the said allowance of ' tam-tow, ' Chinese e- "me , Wei, in the first instance, entirely cut off. The nese Government have since agreed to give us back a part ; but it i 1 ..,__ . s still so insufficient that we shall require to look to the draw trade itself as the source from which we must principally f urn! the mean s of meeting the expenses we actually incur in ~i,shing facilities for the foreign trade. 2,,,,,:ht addition to the allowing of piculage, under the old f I , ..',rni a , the security merchant made the linguist a present o Ll:suidteels for every ship when the ship commenced'discharging, t "" matting a further sum of 200 dollars as compradore's money for nsacting the business of the ship ; and when the grand chop Was obtained We received a chumshaiv of 224 dollars, and the ii:l':reigo merehant allowed us the sum of 15,22 dollars per g n e z t - s bo e at for all goods insported, but we got no allowance on extposted, that les; in the -ng previously taken into consideration amstow.' b entirely d one away wity h th e new a rrangement all these fees are As many of the • ' f " forein merchants may not be correctly °ruled of the extent of ourve "ces and may therefore have a e inadequate idea of the "r" ' ' take the lib e expenses we incur, we now liberty of submitting the whole to y our notice. the''When a ship is reported, the li ng uist himself requires, in Ifirst instance, to go to the Ho sp i's office, and make ar .a:foments for her dischargin to _spates. 4'. He l then requires dI h e r assistants to Wharnpoa whotake down the documents, assist i n th eh, picki ng out the marks and number, &c., and when the m ps are loaded, some of these assistants must accompan y WYY back to th e city. On the arrival of the chops at l h , ,the linguist Must again go to the Hoppo's office to get the , ell, l , P.ople to come out to examine the goods, and must 4, ft'ur assistants to help to weigh and measure the goo ds, Re rn k and bales, count th e . m ar k s s and numbers, open the boxe s goods to 11 l t e " , , and `arrange for sending every merchant ' a • s4, o re e ,, e e where he wants them stored. When cargo is being Vet' s ' '' "f 1; the linguist goes to the different merchanta, sad i 1, . their statement of what they are going to ship. After U. S a T i g written out a correct list, the linguist requires to go to good s -°P Pos to get his people to come out and examine the some four and requires, as in the previous instance , to have number 'i' People standing by to open boxes, arrange marks and bets, Ss e nier e h os •, and afterwards •, he has to go to the different about t o v e to to get their shipping notes. When the vessel is of duties ° depart, the linguist requires to go over the statement . , and apportion to each man his share, and having !,(.4nPletee n it • nop ~, a. minor arrangements he must go again to the Hop p °, a to procur e the • grand chop. the foreignSu h are the principal services rendered by the linguist to t„ ~e rn trade, besides many others, sufficiently annoying 4; systeml.Li selves, but too minute to be detailed hero. The wri'tinlli t°°l gives us much more to do in . the way of asiously awid running about than, the old system ; besides, pre chants e always had sense assistance from the Hong user. eas el ur, pursers and es. i ow n res . esopie, whereas new we are ()f the l'ees. • variou s ways f services, man Sr.. .Ys 0 charging remuneration for our ship, a large objectionable. If we charge so much • a rna b i re maY give s no trouble, and a small shi e very troubleso li h • ahle, inassnu h 41 e. Charging per moni is objection- he sane e • as it would place the bardsworkieg man on Char footing as the man who does comparatively little. og ,, in g r ng so much per chop is, with all that may be argued " ) Id rill "' perhaps the least objectionable of all. But the time to will require some modification. If we . were to ells tu eto charge 15 , 22 dollars upon all chops of import cargo, apd nothing upon export cargo; in that case, when a ship ar ',ved full and :wentaway emp ty, we should gain our arrived ehnolparatively easy ; on the other hand, when aship ar:roudbl'e list 1' awent away full, vie might have a deal o Mel no r em unerat i on whatever. " . maturely considering the various points of the case, vie h A v f e te r r e in so l v _ to3' resolved snake the following charges for our services, l'ibe l a irespectfully submitted for your kind considers ai,, are " 4, viz.— "On all chop-boats inwards :This n all chop-boats outwards lO drs. 1I s understood to be exclusive of the charge of 12 d e r x s. 3 41 h _u the 5 boatman, and coolie hire, but all ot h er - 4. .71 are to a - considered as included in the above. t 'qu ' i:r t .%itops vary very much in size, we beg to state wha t iz we 'l' ‘" quantity of cargo as represented by a chop, v . SI t o.. .. "INWARDS. '' 1i4 4 ., 4 ,1 cott„ 70 bales. : il W or r i , ' cott on 80 do. : L oni",: i i r , Sp. stripes . ,,,, —.: 140 do. of 6 pieces. Ca w I ......... ...... `' 1.0 etB ......... 4ge10t1;3.... •• .. : lOO do. of 50 do. :: ,cott on Collies gross. frail tin, Yarn .................. 100 slo. weighing about 30,000 it and other goods of this description tel'i about ............. 30,000 50,000 "T ess, abmit bO,OOO 44 x„.see_a ..0 ............................................ • 30,000 zit tt,aveclfus articles .......... ........ .. huping fora,;iivuelalrYlyerreapviiyng your attention to the above, and e " rem ain, your faithful humble servants, " OLD T OM, for the Foon-Hong. UNG TOM, f or the Wo-ahang Hong. " ALANTSEL for the Ching-wo Honk " Canto°, " r. 17 „, ° . 1 / I sl G AHEEN, for the Shune-wo Hong. A" rOOIQUA, for the Ehi.wo Hong. ug. ,v,1843.... " OUTWARDS. ATTEItIPTED EXACTIONS. IV e 1,, (From the Canton Press.) of A ugust -I°. ° hY advices from Canton that ever . since the 25th eerlie the foreign trade, so far as new arrivals are eon %tilt:l has been stopped, and no vessel can get permission to agteceonee discharging without the consignees n of . the t i gto ("submit to the following " squeeze to be paid . to h .1 4 . 411i ltsA fee of 2231 dollars on each and every British 14 4 ,4 IL fee of 12 dollars per 70 bales of Bombay, or 80 of JK,';' ihon, and in proportion for other cargo. the teveral day s various attempts were made to escape , 4e , ll 7 l :% it yY chargs (amounting to prohibition of small yes "Ogui:,llout avail, as it was ascertained that no one but . the tono;4-. were allowed to approach the Hoppo on business L ade c s _ t ed with the foreign trade. An appication was then . I tfte`" " her Majesty's officiating Consul" to the following i, ---- 4 Ce.beg to represent to you that we are unable to get any ?kit.: l inguists , to' attend to the Custom-house busin . ess fi r N t ',lSels lately arrived unless we agree to pay them as i - Olt ' the above fees). the i b's beg to inquire if the difficulty in our proceeding with hilt ill'iness of user vessels can be removed without our sub • (i t TF . to the exuctions of the linguists? hil l - ,"eY are the only persons we can find to carry on the de stkt:,_the business of a ship with the collector's offices ; they io,d therefore'llat collector refuses paying them for their services, itt.eore they make an increased demand on foreigners. b hid h 'ng to the new regulations we supposed they would e T ht Y nun . o cl , / heretTul, Mr. G. T. Lay, replies : ra t tc, I; e ` v t o o say, that by 0 ne ,, vre s g e u r l a t n io t n s, s the linguists are but as the ser 44tta „ f the collector's n e s o nt s e i rekthe who ustpay them for th.lir services, P wa,,,., bribe o r trebesit as their hire ; and if these men refuse ''..t a l',l,er a re asonable u sum, others who will consent to accept RR s mal l er compensation must be sought for ; but if such are ''''vte i : . u e found, whatever the charge, must be paid. „ I have no , Vv, ` 0 Compel them to act for any 44,4ii,,,:0Ri11ar agree with Mr. Lay th . at sp th e e ci l fi i e n t g l u s i n s in ts . must be paid . t these inerFbants, if their services are absolutely required, itniveil,s. ,:tisenerdvaictey,s. are not such as are usually paid by the re. what nature are the services required 414411214,45t5? p er d for what is the fee of 223 dollars per ship th at th e l an 70 or 8() bales to aid? We imagine 14 , te tu "ly one thing for which the importer m . ay to ju_s u t r ly ni t ' Qi, i NY, or Which ituty be required of him, is f Li °ewe Custom -house officers with . a paper stating in Le 4e ta t i 44 0 e the nature of the cargo his shi br.ngs ; it then 11 ,_' lit 0 a,thedut the Chinese to . see that such statement Os e il; 11 . 11 4' to tr u th ; but surely it can never be contemplated hl th i . eshidesiniesoth duty, he is . to pay thosethatar p e a l d prin T. t h ed e 14 Y te r , i , s _ to watch after its being p ro perly . 1 , 3h y ~.,.7 wh!ch, therefore, in our opinion, (:(40Ce else in their stead, ought to expect payment for the linguists, ' i t . tif t l i f'rlign merchant is for the translation or . writ ing , a qir lese e neeessary docun ' ients • in fact, a translation be l, li 'd 4 q t he ship's manifest • any other duties they may . 10 ; ~ Ni l to perform must ' be paid by their own au . thori Ot il l " we suppose that even Mr. Lay will not maintain tiP . Y 4: linguists should be allowed to charge for such o,hpe r Y 1 14 tY, for fi lling, perhaps, a reasonably-s ized shee t ~ N tl, \nth writing, the exorbitant sum they now de, :! 4 w l ,, h ' e l' in the case of a ship carrying 4,000 bales of . i,:' , f0,..°111d amount to the enormous sum of 823,50 d01b4,14t b4,14t i,trauslation of a small document. We would engage bi 4 w I Written out at one. hundredth part of that charge, 111 4 41 t,, not aware that none but the linguists' documents a ! it, told occasions be rteceived at the Hoppo's office.. 1 / 4 . 4 r tl that previous to. the present exorbitant demands, k, lepei:, the linguists dem:aided much less, but even then qa 4 lll e rorrers. 'would not comply, and they then declared that ~,:nant. had ..t afire ed to what the linguists deemed would now insist upon these charges as I h , shitt ed._:All bus iness is i onsequently at a stand, and we ftti,tilstttes: t t h h e ey us British authovrities make a vigorous stand ts t : , r It exactions, the trade will revert to exactly its 4dettilite--,4,aleelY, that the Chinese authorities will be able wan any charges theyplease. DEATH OF MR. MORRISON. Sir Henry Pottinger announces with feelings of the deepest and most unfeigned sorrow, the demise this morning, at a few minutes after seven o'clock, of the Hon. J. R. Morrison, Member of Council, Chinese Secretary, &c., and Officiating Colonial Secretary of the Government of Hong-Kong. Mr. Morrison was so well known and so truly beloved, es teemed, and respected by all who had the happiness of his ac quaintance and friendship, that to attempt to pass any panegyric on his private character would be a mere waste of words, and Sir Henry Pottinger feels that his own sincere grief on this mournful event is only a type of that universal sentiment in which the memory and worth of Mr. Morrison will be for ever embalmed. In a public point of view Sir Henry Pottinger considers the death of Mr. Morrison to be , an irreparable national calamity, ' and he doubts not but as such it will be received and viewed by his Sovereign and country. The Canton Press adds the following particulars :-- " Mr: J. R. Morrison, the son of the illustrious Dr. Mor ris.m, so well known as an active missionary and compiler of the Chinese Dictionary, and who died in China just nine years ago, was born in Malacca in 1815, and was only 28 years and four months old at the time of his death. In an early ' age he wassent to Europe, whence he returned, after a abort stay to China, with only the rudiments of an education, which it then became the ca re o f hi s f a th er t o per f ec t. From the earliest age his attention was drawn to the study of the Chinese language, its which he ..had become so proficient, that en the lamented death of his father, though only 19 years old, he was appointed by the Government to ' the responsible situation of Chinese secretary and inter preter to the superintendents of trade, before held by his father, the duties of which he performed to general satisfaction. " Mr. Morrison's studies were even at that early period not limited to the Chinese language. The trade of this country had so much engaged his attention, that in 1834 he pub lished a volume, the " Chinese Commercial Guide," con •taining much very valuable information on the commerce with Canton, which must have been collected with considera ble pains, and which to this moment is of the greatest use as a book of reference. During the following years, preceding the differences with the English, Mr. Morrison, whose official duties did not then engross the whole of his time, was engaged iii perfecting his knowledge of the Chinese language, and of the customs and habits of this people. The geography of this country particularly had engaged his attention, and, if he had been spared as, it was his purpose, we believe, to have published a work on the geography of China, for which he had already collected many valuable notes. He con templated also a new and enlarged edition of his father's dictionary. These literary labours were, however, interrupted by the troubles which broke out in Canton early in 1839, since which time he had to conduct the whole of the Chinese cor respondence of her Majesty's Superintendents and Plenipoten tiaries, and in 1840 and subsequently always accompanied her Majesty's Plenipotentiary on the' several expeditions of the British forces, , where his perfect knowledge of the language and of the official usages were of the greatest advantage in carrying on the negotiations which have terminated so advan tsgeouslyto this country. It was just at the momen t w h en M r . Morrison's services were about to be rewarded by higher office, and their value probably more substantially recognised by his Sovereign and country, his Excellency Sir H. Pottinger hav ing only last week appointed him a member of the Legislative and Executive Council, and officiating Colonial Secretary of the Government of Hong-Kong, that, on the 23d of last month, he 'was attacked by the Hong-Kong fever, which has lately de prived us of so many valuable lives. The fever which termi nated his life, and which must be called the Hong-Kong fever, combines, we are told, in its symptoms, the appearance of the jungle fever of India and of the yellow fever of the West Indies, and has hitherto in too many instances defied medical art, al- , though the latest advices from Hong-Kong, we are glad to say, mention the recovery of several that were considered in danger from the same illness." - THE CURRENCY. TO TEE EDITOR OF THE SUN. was much pleased by reading in The Sun, of yesterday, some able remarks on the Currency, by your Correspondent " Beirniard." One of the errors which he points out, as com mitted by writers on that subject, is that of ad mitting the depreciation of paper currency; and as that phrase occurs in the leading article of the Times of this morning, commenting on some pamphlets published by the Society for the Emancipation of Industry, it may not be amiss to inquire into the sense in which it is so used, so as to put an end to wrangling about terms to which both parties attach different ideas. The term depreciation of currency first came into vogue about the time Mr. Huskisson wrote his celebrated pamphlat on the Currency, in 1810. He found that ever since the passing of the Bank Restriction Act, in 1797, the price of gold, wheat, and all other commodities, had been gradually rising in price, and that, consequently, the pound-note did not purchase so much of any commodity as it had done prior to 1798. He, therefore, asserted that the CURRENCY HAD DE PRECIATED, and erroneously attributed this de preciation to the over-issues of Bank paper. I agree entirely with your Correspondent "Beir niard" as to the loose and unphilosophical mode of thinking and expression implied in this phrase, "depreciation ;" for had Mr. Huskisson said that everything had become dearer he would have been much nearer the truth ; and, by this mode of expression, we might (have been saved from all the misery and ruin which Mr. Huskis son's unfortunately chosen phrase and loose manful. of thinking has since entailed on this country. In consequence of the amount of indirect taxa tion levied on commodities year atter year, from the passing of the Bank Restriction Act, the productive classes of this country were compelled to demand, and paper money enabled them to obtain, from the consumers of their respective commodities, a higher price than they could otherwise have received. The pound-note, there fore, very naturally and properly lost - its power to purchase, in exact proportion as prices of com modities had been enhanced by taxation. From the system of indirect taxation, and the drain on us for gold prior to 1797, we were com pelled in the following year to .abandon gold money ; but even had we not been so compelled, and, if gold money could have been retained in this country (the pressure of indirect taxation re maining as before), IT too would have depre ciated jest in' the same degree as the PA PER money did ; in other words, IT too would have lost a portion of its power to purchase. In re spect of " depreciation,'? then, the gold. and paper pound would have been quite on a par, as far as THIS COUNTRY was concerned. . But gold is a commodity, and has a general mercantile value in the market of the world, and if we' depreciate it at home, in consequence of high taxation prices, it will be sure to leave us in our dealings with foreigners—not so our paper ; and therein lies a great point of superiority of paper money possessing no intrinsic value, over gold money possessing intrinsic value. For prices can be maintained in a taxed country by the use of paper money, but cannot lw.main tained by using gold money, unless by adopting the most stringent prohibitory system of trade, and making it criminal 'to clip, melt, or export the coin of the realm. Set gold free from the trammels of the fixed price at which the Bank of England must at present take up its notes, and let it rise in the markets like other commo dities in - this taxed country, and the value of our English pound will just be what amount o f g o ld , or anything else, it will purchase; and this val u e will depend and be regulated by the amount of indirect taxation which Parliament Chooses to levy on the country, .and will therefore have a much steadier and uniform value than any money based on the precious metals; its value will in crease with the diminution of taxation, and di minish with the increase of taxation, so that it will be for the benefit of landowners, fundholders, annuitants, placemen, and every person enjoy ing fixed incomes, to see that the affairs of the nation are conducted with an eye to economy.—l am, Sir, your's truly, Q. T. 4th January, 1844. MUNTZ'S PATENT ELASTIC CUR , RENCY RENOVATOR. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUM " The scene? 'tie Birmingham renown'd afar At once for halfpence, and for Doctor Parr." Pursuits of Literature, p. 222. SIR,--By your paper of yesterduy I find Mr. Muntz proposing to set everthing right in the monetary world by having ss. 2d. of the silver coin melted down and coined into seven little shillings and a little sixpenny piece, and explains that why he adopts 7s. 6d. as the denomination for the ounce of his new silver coin, is that it appears to be generally acknowledged that 7s. 6d. is a rentuneratmg price for a bushel of wheat ; and thus, by this presto movement, making an old half-crown a three-shilling and binepenny piece instead of a two and sixpenny one, and giving two of those • old hal&crowns instead of three for a bushel of wheat at 7s. 6d., he fancies that the fanner will obtain his remunerating price fir his grain. Now, Sir, I beg to suggest a plan of my own as a better one. "Junius" sAyS, " The balance equally prepon derates, whether you take from one scale or add to the other." Now what I would suggest would be, not as Mr. Muntz would do, take from one scale, viz„ docking off one-third of the silver from a shilling, but I would adopt a new impe rial pint, the capacity of which should be one third larger than the present one, and that there should be the stone number of pints as in the present imperial bushel, it is very clear that the new bushel would be one-third larger than the present one; now, according to Mr. Muotz, a little shilling is as good as a large shilling ; the only thing necessary being that. it shall be a shilling by name—no . matter about its pondero sity. Now, my new measure will still be a bushel; and as it will still be a bushel, no matter as to its capacity, this very simple alteration I feel perfectly satisfied will insure the corn-grower 7s. 6d. per bushel for his wheat, even against all free trade in corn, Leaguers and else. Both coins and bushels are measures—the former of ponderosity, the latter of capacity ; therefore, if' there be any truth in the assertion of " Junius," it matters not whether we take one third from the coin or add one-third to the bushel. Don't hint one word about my having an intention:to make a spec. before-hand in the pur chase of tithe rent charges—neither. does Mr. Muntz say one word that his proposition amounts to paying off all old debts at 13s. 4(1. in the pound. No one scarcely thinks now-a-days for him self as to what are the common principles and operations of money; therefore, they are the more easily gulled. People little think that the alteration in the weight of coins would make no difference whatever in regard to all contracts, made and entered after the issue of a new light coin, as all agreements would he made on the 'tl coinse t ;b e auttive of when e ft r o a l e t t l s w a are two measureb e discharged in the old the -ew light coin, it amounts neither more nor less 1 -an to a.diaholical robbery.- . -Your e•, GORDIUS. Ilfracombe, January 4, 1844. LITERATURE. HISTORY OF TEN YEARS. Part I. Chapman and Hall,- London, 1844. Who M. Louis Blanc, the author of this work, may be, or what were his means of acquiring in formation, we know not; but there is an appear, ance of authenticity about his "History of Ten Years in France," so far as it has yet proceeded, and an acquaintance with the more hidden springs of political intrigue during the earlier years of the ;restoration of the Bourbons, that entitle his statements to attention. His intro duction, in particular, wherein he alludes to the underhand plots carried on in 1815, chiefly under the auspices of the Baron de \Thrones and Tal leyrand, to bring about the downfal of the Em peror and replace the old worn-out dynaity on the throne by the reluctant agency of Alexander, displays a minute knowledge of the political machinations of the times, which induces the supposition that the author must have had access to private documents hitherto kept jealously from the public eye. Among other interesting matters, he explains the whole circumstances of thei defection of Marmont from the Emperor at the critical period when the Allies were threatening Paris; and his ex planation tends in a great degree to exculpate the Marshal, who was himself deceived, and who gave in his adhesion to the new order of things, not of his own free will, but from the uncontrol lable force of events. In discussing the curious . question, why was not P ar i s v i gorous l y d e f en d e d , when it bad the means of resistance at its corn mand, and if' it had held out but two days, would have had Napoleon in person ready to march to its assistance with the collected remnants of his army, M. Blanc states, and we think justly, that the bourgeoisie, who were then all powerful, had already decided that the capital should offer no resistance, for they were weary °Nile Imperial sway, which kept them a state of humiliating thraldom, and looked forward to the restoration of the Bourbons as the triumph of their own selfish interests. To this influential party our author boldly asserts that the Emperor's downfal must be ascribed. They and they only—for the rest of France was sullen and apathetic—secured the throne for Louis the Eighteenth ; and they would willingly have submitted to many of the en croachments of his successor,• had he not, by violating the Charter, proposed to reduce them to the same state of political insignificance in which they lived during the whole period of the Empire. From that moment they resolved to keep no terms with him ; and, making common cause with the masses, whom at heart they dis trusted and despised, they effected that revo lution which placed the crown on the head of Louis Philippe, and which, owing to their stead fast allegiance, he still retains, despite the fre quent murmurs of the inflammable populace, and the emeutesot the small, but energetic Republican party. M. Blanc, though he affects to write with candour and moderation, is clearly a bitter enemy to this triumphant bour geoisie. But his hostility is without just cause, for the steady advance in political power of the middle —or, as he sneeringly calls them, the trading—classes, is the necessary results of the various movements that have taken place in France since the assembling of the Tiers Etat in 1789. When absolute monarcliy was annihilated, and feudal privileges abolished, it became an inevitable consequence that an indus trious, intelligent middle class, should spring up from the ruins of the old regime; and, notwith standing the temporary check that this class sus tained under Napoleon, who dreaded its political sagacity even more than the swords of the Allies, it was evident that it must, in the long run, prove too powerful for -the Emperor. Throughout Europe, the tendency of the bourgeoisie—or in dustrious middle class—is slowly, but surely, to extend the range of its influence, to the gra dual weakening of all monarchical and aristocratic influences. In England it has wrested a Reform Bill from a reluctant oligarchy; in Spain it is sturdily lighting the battle of the Constitution with every prospect of eventual success; in France it is all powerful under the shrewd sway of Louis Philippe; in Prussia it has wrung concessions of no ordinary value from Royalty; and the day is not far distant when Austria and Russia will • both be compelled to listen with deference to its just and enlightened councils. In a word, the march of the bourgeoisie is the march of common sense, of industry, of toleration, •of equitable principles of legislation throughout Europe ; and he must indeed be a short sighted patriot who can contemplate this. march with any other feelings than those of satisfaCtion. But M. Blanc is an anti-middle class man—that is to say, a man of the people. IVell, let him look 'to America, and see there what mob-rule has done for government! Minis ters of State afraid to speak out their own con victions—freedom reduced to a mere question of colour, bestowed in rank abundance on the whites, scornfully withheld from the blacks national faith and justice laughed to scorn as things of no account—such are among the re sults of exclusively popular sway. in America, which our author, nevertheless, would gladly see extended. to France. Having pointed out the besetting defect in M. Blanc's work, we may observe in .fairness to hint, that many of his statements are deeply interesting ; and that he writes in a light, lively, and picturesque style, throwintr, ninny of his more stirring inci deets into quite a dramatic form, that cannot fail to rivet attention. Of' the abilities of Talleyrand, we perceive that lie speaks with infinite .con tempt ; but the•statesman who kept his head on hi 4 shoulders through so many violent political chhnges as he witnessed, and took a conspicuous sh4re in, has taken it out of the power Of any writer justly to impugn his consummate sagacity and far-sightedness. As a specimen of the pe culiar spirit that pervades M. Blanc's History, 'we subjoin his reflections on the capitulation of Paris in 1814 : What followed is well.known_; and where is the 40, THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY_RV_PNING,,JANII VARY 5. 1i144.' French soul from which such a recollection could ever be effaced? It is notorious that' the 6th corps, amounting barely to 5000 men, defended Paris with amazing heroism,—Paris, the heart and brain of the world. It is notorious that Narmont had his hat and his clothes pierced with balls in leading the bayonet charge against the enemy, who had already invaded the high street of Belleville. But King Joseph had blready authorised Marshals Mortier and Marmont to Capitulate ; and that same evening, towards five o'clock, ° the programme of the funeral of the empire was 'drawn up in a paltry village inn of La Valette. A fact less known is, that on returning to his hotel, and before the ratification of the fatal convention, of which the basis had just been laid down, the Due de Raguse re- Mained for some time in a state of torturing hesita tion. Now, who was it that put an end to that hesi... tation ? Representatives of the banking and high commercial interests. •f make no accusation here against M. Jacquek Laflitte. History owes him the justice of declaring that on the very morrow after the restoration he mounted the breach on which he remained for fifteen years ; but, after all, M. Laflitte had the misfortune, on the evening of the 30th of March, 1814, to accompany M. Perregaux to the Due de Raguse's—he had the misfortune to appear in that green-room where the heart of Marmont opened to the exhortations of a panic-stricken bourgeoise. Thus it was that the foreigners entered Paris. That the capital would .have been capable of holding ou t against a long siege is, I admit, exceedingly doubtful but what was requisite to save the fortunes of France ? To resist ,two days longer: for on the evening of the battle the enemy, separat e d from his parks, had ex hausted his ammunition, and the Emperor was ap proaching. Unfortunately—and I insist' on this point downfal of Napoleon had been prepared in Paris long before hand. The people of the faubourgs had vainly cried " To arms!' "—the men who' then oc cupied the political stage had muskets without cart ridges distributed at the Hotel de Ville, and cart ridges without muskets at the *Place de la Revolution. Napoleon, who was so fond of the people in uniform, abhorred the people in smock-frocks—and for this he was cruelly punished. He had against him, in 1814, the bourgeoisie, which was all powerful, and for him the population of the faubourgs, which was powerless. He fell because he had not chosen to be the right arm of the democracy. The French troops hail re ceivod orders on the evening of the 30th of March to fall back on the Chateau d'Eau ; thence they were directed 'to the Barriere d'Enfer. When the roll was Called at midnight, the iminber . present amounted to 1,800 men ! How should it have been possible for this handful of soldiers, left to theuiselves, to hold in Check the innumerable multitude of the assailants ? The civilians of Paris should then have armed for the defence of theirr - homes ? Nothing of the sort was done. Men in their shirt Sleeves, men in ra gs , these Were they who ' s h o W e d t h emse l ves ready to fight, to die—and these men had nothing to defend ! But the bankers, the manufacturers, the shopkeepers, the notaries, the proprietors of hou s e s , these were the men that applauded the entry of the allies. Yesarid my face burns as I write this, for, after all, it is of my country lam speakingyes, small was the number Of those among the bourgeoisie who thought then only of grasping the sword. Subsequently, lam aware, the bravery of the National Guard, in 1814, has been extolled in pompous terms. The hill of -Montmartre has been made the theatre of immortal deeds ; the bar rier of Clichy has furnished a moving theme for the painter. But history, which soars above the lies of party, and judges nations consigned to eternal sleep; history will tell that in 1814 Paris would not defend itself ; that the National Guard, with the exception Of some brave hearts, did not do its duty; that the bourgeoisie lastly, all but a small number of gallant schoolboys, and of citizens devoted to their country, although wealthy, welcomed the invaders withopen arms." m-AscuEsTf_;lt - AND LEEDS -RAIL WAY. (From 'the Manchester Guardian.) OPENING OY.c` THE LEEDS `EXTENSION LINE TO FIUNT'S BANK AND THE VIC TORIA STATION. On last, New Year's. Day, the extension taking u lV u t i lt s ° s thet d o c a p : e y n ed a New as announced Victoria n Station, ou r Ia line of the. Manchester' and Leeds Railway, from ri tr i a o i rni n, fromlgat theH Hunt's departurer. h l, e here w station aisn s n t to a h r ep t starting aci ordinary ar s y eve l‘ n , ayo celebration,' amidstt h k e in traintt h h e e cheers of those assembled. The station is the largest in this, or, perhaps, any other part of the kingdom, possessing a larger covered area than even the Derby station. Being- the joint and central sta tion connecting the uninterrupted railway com munication. between the great seaports of Liver pool and Hull, it will unite in a line of the most accessible communication four of the largest towns in the north of England— Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, laid Bull; and thus bring the German Ocean and the Irish Sea within a few hours' distance of each other —while it also links to this great chain of railway communica • tion the important towns and places of Bolton, Old ham Middleton, Rochd a l e , H u dd ers fi eld, Bradford, Halifax, Selby, and York—and gives access, by means of its junction with the North Midland and York and North Midland Railways, to almost every other great line of railroad in the kingdom, north and south. We think, therefore, that a description of the Leeds Extension Line and the Victoria Station, al though to some extent they have been previously no ticed in our columns, cannot fail to be interesting to many of our readers. We omit all notice,' in the present article, of the junction or extension line of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway from Ordsall Lane to Hunt's Bank (through Salford) ; because, although it is in a tolerably forward state, it is net by any means completed ; and when this portion of the con nection is opened (which is expected to be " in all March"), that will be the fittest time to notice the works of that part of the junction :-- THE LEEDS EXTENSION LINE IN MANCHESTER. The Manchester and Leeds Extension Line com mences at some distance to the east of the late tem porary station in Oldham Road (now the goods sta tion), viz. :—Near Ryder's Mill, a little to the north east of Collyhurst Lane, which the railway crosses by a bridge. For nearly 500 yards up to the goods sta tion, the original line and the extension line run nearly parallel ; the latter being a short distance to the north of the former, and both passing over land, the whole of which is the property of the Company. The extension line, where it lea ves th e ma i n li ne, commences on an embankment of about 14 feet, which is gradually reduced till it reaches the surface of the ground, on which it continues through the greater part of the Company's land. On quitting this land after proceeding to the north of the engine-house, it passes the north end of Cropper and Back Cropper streets (which streets. are carried over the railway), and under St. George's-road (near Buckley-street, the road being raised about five feet for this purpose. The road is carried over the railway by a neat bridge, with stone facings and iron girders; 191 feet in length. It then proceeds, in excavation, with retain ing walls (as near Euston-square, London), through or near the end of several small and ill defioed streets of cottages, lying to the north of St. George's-road, till it reaches a paint a little north of Nelson-street. It next passes on an embankment of ft-few feet, over some vacant land, to Lower Tebbutt street, and there commences a viaduct, on the east side of that street; the line being carried over it by an iron bridge. On this viaduct it continues to Bromley-street, which it crosses a little to the north of the Manchester Gas works. It next crosses over Parker-street, Back Irk street, Ashley-lane, adjoining the burial-ground, and Blakeley-street (over the last-named street by means of a large iron-bridge), and thence, still by a viaduct, over several small streets, till it reaches a bend of the river Irk, east of Scotland-bridge, Which it crosses twice, by skew arches, at an elevation of about 85 feet, so as to leave ample passage for the river when flooded. Thence the line is carried over Long Millgate, which is spanned by an iron bridge in the_ direction of Mill-hill, a little south of Scotland-:bridge. It then proceeds close to the south side of the old Town s Mill, and crosses the Irk a third time, at an elevation of about 35 feet, and nearly at right angles, and thence proceeds, still on arches, to within a short distance of York-street, Cheetham Hill ; being a distance, on arches, of 670 yards. The number of arches in this viaduct, including those of the bridges, is'3B.. These arches, of course, vary, both in hei g ht and span, with the nature of the ground and the width of the streets passed over ; the extreme height being 35 feet, and the average height aboot 28 feet. The principal bridges on this line are those at Long Millgate, New Blakeley-street, Lower Tebbutt street, St. George's-road, and Cropper-street, all of' Which are of iron. The line proceeds to York-street, Cheetham Hill, beneath which it passes, about six teen feet below the level of the street, a little above the entrance to the burial ground, near • Ducie Bridge. Here it takes th e li ne o f th e division wall between the burial ground and the premises of the Manchester workhouse, and so arrives at the proposed station of the Company in Hunt's Bank, just MOW the garden of the workhouse, and near the confluence' at' the Irk and the Irwell. With respect to the gradients, we may state that, on its leaving the main line near Collyhurst Lane, it descends at an inclination of 1 in 49, to where it crosses St. George's 7 road. Thence to York-street, the descent is continued at an inclination of 1 in 60; and, from that point to the terminus at the Hones Bank. Station, it will ascend at an inclination of 1 in 132. This ascent to the station possesses the advan tages of enabling the trains arriving to ascend it solely by the impetus obtained by their descending the plane of 1 in 60, which will carry them up to the station, and gently•stop them there, almost without needing the application of the brake ; strong buffers, however, are provided, at the extreme end of the ar rival line. The departing trains descend this incline of 1 in 132 of themselves, without the,aid of horse or other power, till they reach the endless rope at York street, where they are attached, and are thence drawn to the junction of the extension with the main line, near Collyhurst Line. The endless rope.is of iron wire, combined in a number of strands, a n d for which the in ventor, Mr. Newell, obtained a patent. There are two stationary engines, or, more correctly, a do u bl e sta tionary engine, f 240 horses' power, placed near the junction with the main line, at Collyhurst. The signal to these 'engines to work the „taidli;ss rope is given from the York-street bridge, by the telegraph, which we shall notice hereafter. The extension line has two curves in it ; both of which, however, are of so large a radius, as to be wholly unobjectionable. The entire length of the Manchester and Leeds ex tion line is 2,320 yards. That of the Liverpool and Manchester Junction, from Ordsall Lane to Hunt's Bank will be about 1,790 yards ; so that the entire length of the junction lines from Collyhtirst to Ordsall Lane will be nearly two miles and a third. We do not know the exact cost of the Leeds extension, but presume that it will not much exceed 180,0001. In connection with it we may mention, that parties con nectedll rehisiaotivlale lvbvnlai,yssh u p(m -i ot t ershsnui establishments. ago. communicationst m h itTm t i h osa evr theel very Manchester rh n igl tao c hrto h etl e ae) s ttr t h, e mea r t shi noel havel, ,d r g k ,va h a. arn o i n u t naa s ger e peaep a rql o n ui ef anti the te thoset the railway e 'whether. from Liverpool or Yorkshire, can thus be deposited at its gates without any loss of time or cost for carting, &c. We believe, that in compliance with the request of the Committee of the Town's Mill, a siding is to be laid from the line into the yard of the mill, so that waggons of grain from either Liverpool or Hull can be run direct into the mill. Gates have been erected, and a similar siding is to be made from the line to the Manchester Workhouse yard. THE VICTORIA STATION is approached from Hunt's Bank, by an inclined plane, like those of the M anc h es t er an d Bi rm i ng h am and Liverpool and Manchester stations, in Man chester. 'lbis road commences at the Irk, just above its confluence with the Irwell, and below the court yard wall of the Cheetham College. To give it greater width, the bridge ov3r the Irk has been considerably widened ; and the road, which rises 1 in 20, is 50 feet in width, the carriage -way being 34 feet, and the flagged footpaths each eight feet wide. The ascent has been. much facilitated by the late Manchester Police Commissioners having raised . Great Ducie street and Hunt's Bank, to the extent of four feet above their former level. On arriving at the level of the railway, which is about the centre of the edifice now being erected for the booking offices, refreshment and waiting-rooms, &c., the passengers for 'the Leeds line proceed forward in an easterly direction on the level (towards York-street, Cheetham Hill Road), to the easterly or higher and further. wing of the building, to the booking office, and thence to the' departure plat form of that fine. The platforms, and of course the offices, assigned to each Company, are those nearest the direction of their respective lines—the Liverpool being to the W., and the Leeds to the E., of the centre of the station-house. The line of demarcation between the stations of the two Companies is very distinctly marked on the rails, by' double lines of turn-tables, nearly adjoining; the one being the limit of the Leeds, and the other that of the Liver pool, Cornponr4 station, and each set of the tables being for the respective Companies to pass off their spare carriages to the sidings, outside the north boundary wall. We may just notice here, that the engines of the Liverpool trains will not come forward to the station, but will cast off upon nearing the. bridges over the Irwell..and Ducie-street, and then, from the rear, push the train forward over the bridge with sufficient impetus to send it to its destination, while the engine returns. There are to be four lines of rails over the Dueie-street Bridge. stAtion, by which we mean the iines with their iidings, turn -tables, and .Va. and oepari ore poll,- forms fbr both Companici, heti( v;. ; the largest in England, surpassing even that at Derby in point o extent. It covers a distance from Ilunt's Bank to the Ducie Bridge of 552 feet, with an aVvinge %%kith of 130 feet ; having five main' linea 0: - rails trout en d t o end, three of which -are appropriati d main lines, and two are sidings. in addition to W.: there are other sidings, which 'may hereafter le tised ils)r goods; and the departure lines fbr tl:e tv,o • railway s are also sidings on the south sid e o f th e oz i ter ra i ls. To the len g th of 700 feet front Great Ducie.street, the station is covered in with an iron rooting, erected in three compartments, the centre one being ;39 feet 6 inches span ; that on the north side, 28 ieet ; and tl4 - .t. on the south side, 26 feet 3 incites. This rooting, with a length of 700 feet, and an entire wi(hh of shout 114 feet, forms the largest extent of railway rooting in the kingdom, being little short of 80,( 0.) s(lutire feet of iron roofing. This loom o. roof is,; , [l l , ) , o rtt by the north boundary wall of the s t a tiott,'and by a number of iron columns : and the s , ,)t,th stile is pro tected by a similar wall, finning also a retailin u g wall :lir the approach road from Bald:. aalls bounding this approach road-are surmounted by orna mental cast-iron railing, instead of stone - parapet:. The coup dm? of this splendid avenue, viewed from either end, is very striking- - The interim• of the roof is not left bare, as in sonic rail way ta :ions ;• but neath the slates the Whole has - been neatly thoarded, and the joints ()Nile boards cOvercd with ;at bs, at, that in no case can wet penetrate into the station,.whil e its appearance is much improved. •by this' woudcn ceiling. During the any, the nation .is well lighted by skylights in the roof t — and dittoing the night, by a series of gas - lands, fitted with burners for the new • light, ibrined by a radiating combination of- the flat datne burners, invented by Messrs. 11.:11,.. of. Kiug-“reet. The skylights are gla ze d w ith -Chance't Ailti-ht glass, which is a strong, thick,. and cheaviglamsilm panes O f about four feet in length --- brtkrin - Mild', two of which in length include . the.extent of the skylights from the ridge downwards. Wc. u4el;stauel that Mr. Hall's gas-lights were adoptd..after vaaiotio experi ments with different arrangetr,_xyrits, - ,yr burners., it being believed that they possess.c4..tiwgrtutest iilh minating power from the slh'..xikiiitity u They consist o f a umber ..of.a . *ing tubes, like. the spokes of a earrialiet4lc+l3:4otA l l _t - ed..With orifices for the flat flame burrilfr4.434eiLttialitaghts there a re fifteen within the covered .• one ipposite each booking-office, andlCriii:al ._. others 'mond the boundary wall down to IlunCs. tank. Connected with them is an arrangement of, the utmost impor tance for such establishments as railways. One central tap at the -station regulates and.aajwts all th e li g h ts there, both along the railway and appr4elte., and also within the ,several booking-otliees, waiting mid refreshment rooms. When a train is arriving or de parting, the fullest illuminating power is required and used; but, in the intervals botweenithat and the next departure or arrival, the smallest modicum of light is sufficient, and a single turn of the tap will reduce all the lights to any required degree. This will of course be the means of considerable saving in the consump tion of gas. All the arrival and departure platforms' are, as at Derby, on the same side of the rails; viz. on the south side; •or that nearest the approach ; so that there is no necessity to cross the line. The arrival platform for the. Liverpool line is between the station-house and Ducie-street, and to this there is a covered way for carriages; one-half of the southerly roof projeoting over the arrival platform, so as to protect the passengers effectually from the weather in getting in and out of the carriages. The platforms are very large and. convenient. That in front of the building is 24 feet wide (of . which catch Company occupies,' half),- ; . and`thiS is eMitinttech towards Liver pool, past the west end of the building, to the length of 184 feet, by 'l2 wide; being, in fact, a con tinuation of the Liverpool departure platform.. To wards Leeds the platform is continued for 120 feet, by 12 feet wide ;. being also a continuation of. the Leeds departure platform. The length of each de -1 !Arturo platform is about 320 feet., The total length of the several arrival. and departure platforms exceeds a thousand lineal feet. At . each end of the station (that for the Leeds line is a little beyond the Leeds arrival platform) is a place where hbres carriages, for conveyance by railway, going to or arriving &on, the east or west,. may be en:barked or landed on the level,With every. facility ; and near, are series of turn tables into the siding, which pre on the nor th s id e of the main lines. On ' that side of the station thcre is also to be a large; covered shed, to and from which the sidings will convey spare carriages. There will still be some spare ground there, for building warehouses, if necessary. Thearriving passengers who prefer walking to their destination, instead of going along the approach road, to Aunt's Bank, may descend a flight of steps near the,line, which saves the detour into Great Dueie street. Connected with the station, we mint notice a very ingenious and useful apparatus,— THE TELEGRAPH. • The Directors of the Leeds line have caused to be put up Messrs. Cooke and Wheatstone's patent elec tric telegraph, extending from the Victoria station to the top of the extension ; at its junction with the main line at Collyhurst. A set of four iron Wir e s' (coat e d with zinc, to preserve them front rust) extend . front beneath the York -street Bridge (l)neie Bridge) to the Collyhurst station, and connected with them are four copper wires, extending under ground f rom th e York street Bridge to the offices of the Victoria station. There are three telegraph stations, viz., at the -Vic toria station, beneath the York-street Bridge, and at the stationary engines, near the top of the extension line, Collyhurst, at each of which is an apparatus, consisting of a dial with all the letters of the alpha bet, a pointer, and a handle for moving it, as to point to any letter. The uses of the teleuraph, as •at present in contempl a ti on , w ill b e threcal—lst. To give the signal, from York-street, when the train is attached to , the endless rope, to the fixed engine to - commence drawing the train up the incline ; and also to communicate from the junction to the York -street Bridge, whet, a train is arriving. 2d. To communicate front the Victoria station to the locomotive engine-house, so as to specify whether tiny and what engines are wanted, &c.-3d. Generally to communicate intelligence and directions between the Victoria station and the junction with the main line. The zinc coated iron wires are carried along the parapet. w;.11 of the rail way above ground, all the way from York -street Bridge to the summit of the extensit.n lin e . One wire only is required for the signals to the stationary en gines, and the other three are for general communi cations. These wires, at each point of support, rest upon earthenware uprights, which are non con ductors. They pass round pivots, so that they can be tightened, if they become too slack. It will, doubt less, be necessary to have a code of signals prepared, expressly for railway purp:ses, as the ordinary method of communicating—spelling the words, making the pointer touch each letter in succession-- would obviously be too tedious a mode for the short distance of 2,300 yards. If each letter singly repre sents a certain signal or direction, those most con stantly in use, then combinations of two letters would supply all the less frequent signals that could possibly be required, were they many thousands in number.— We must now notice THE STATION-HOUSE, which is placed on the centre of the south side of the station, and has two fronts ; the north to the railway and the south to the carriage way on the approach, and facing also the back of Cheetham College. This hand some building, designed in what is termed the Itoman Doric style, is only one story in height above the ground, and is about 266 feet long by 86 feet in width. The material used in its erection is a dc:.eription of wall stone, much used in the West Riding of York shire, though we b e li eve thi s i s the first instance of its use for building in this town or neighbourhood. It is procured at Brighouse, and is usually called " parr point" (pierre-poi n t) ; it is, in fact, a flagstone, broken into small blocks, which are of unitlq-nn and good co lour. The westerly half of thisbuilding, anal inked of the whole station, will be occupied by the ,Liverpool and Manchester Railway Company ; the other half, to the east, is now in use by the Manchester and Leeds Railway Company. Approaching tf.e south front of the station by the inclined plane, the visitor finds him self opposite its centre, which projects a little from the line of the building, and in which is the refre s h men t saloon for the first and second class passengers, with ladies' waiting•rooms, Bic. Tbis entre•-picsents a frontage of about 60 feet ; the refreshment saloon is lighted by handsome circular headed windows, with , :. stone pilasters an d d ress i ngs, and surmounted by an elegant cornice, about the centre of which is to be placed a large clock. To the right and left respect ively are the booking-offices of the two CoMpanies, having entrances under a covered.way,.suipoit o d by brackets nine feet six inches long. :The rt,rhstitutiou of these four pillars is an improvement in eon vepience aspllars are often in the way of the doori ,if elk or coaches drawing up, while these. Inr:.:ch;.:t:s . ,l:aVe the whole of the covered way cleari At tilo ea,t and west ends of the building are theC;flice:; nia the resi dences of the station masters, whieln .. preet to the same face as the central portion, of tbaliilding with handsome doorways and cornices to "en&el ; )?y li t '!; - s A parapet surmounts the whole t 1.6 kng47 - the ba lifin,,..r._ 1 At the extreme eas t en d o f th e bmtildi i , l4 4 the- pr i v „ . t e residence of Mr. Hall, the statioUNaSter of: the Leed s Company; it being 'thought_ cleArAye on every ac count. to have some °peer enrtNiitirhyrient Oil the station. His business oflie ii7orn§,„xlv,ing a wind ow commanding a view oft :linoq-A;.!.york..,ii,Tt it bridge, so that he may see arriiringand delii . rting train's. Internally, the large central refreslm,ent room . is of the dimensions of 40ft. in. by 221 t. 2iii., It con tains also a space for a bar, &c., -10 ft. 3iin. by l lft. Sin. This room will have two entrnince-doors, both from the railway platform ; one for the I .iyerppol, and the other for the Leeds passengers. Tas..sidoon is for the.. first and second-class passengers only. A door air each end opens into the Jadies' wgiting-rooms, i -----s-------- &e., that at • the east end for the Leeds passengers, and that at the west for the Livapool passenger;, These waiting. rooms have also doors of egress direct to the railway platform. The saloon !itself will be the • gentlemen's waiting-room. This room is lighted by t wo h an d some candelabra, fitted up with Mr.. Hail's new and brilliant gas-lights. Adjoining the bar, and connected with it, is a small room fitted with boiler, &c,, to contain anything required for immediate use. Below the booking-offices, on the basement story, is a large coffee-room and chop house of similar dimensions, approached by • some Atep3 from the railway platform. It is fitted upon the pl an , and bells ar e pl ace d i n i t so as to indicate the starting trains to the guests, who, as they dine, may see the bell ringing for the Leeds, olohani, or Liverpool train, as the case may be. Adjoining it, on the same (basement) story, are ea rious kitchens, fitted up witli cooking al:pariahs, hot hearths, ovens, as well as the ssulleries, pantries, wine and spirit cellars, ale and porter store, &e. We un derstand that the whole of the establishment fur pro refreshments, including Earth the refreshm en t , saloon, the coffee room, and all the kitchens. &c., has. 'been taken by Mr. Vantini, the proprietor of the Euston-square Hotel, at the Birmingham Railway fern - anus, in London, and of the North Easton Hotel, Fleetwood. Mr. Vantini has also taken the New Palatine Hotel, adjoining tha railway station ; and both it and the railway establishment here are to be placed under the entire superintendence and ma nagement of his partner, Mr. Maurighey, late the. , manager at Mivart's Hotel. Superior cooks, baker, tirewer, &e. are engaged, and the establishment is to be in the first style of elegance and comfort. Between the upper refreslunent-room and the wings, are.: the large and convenient booking-offices; there being two for the Leeds Railway Company, viz. one of sprt. lin. by 22ft. 9in. for the first and second class passengers. This division is made with a view to separate all the passengers as nearly as possible into two equal portions, so as to facilitate the booking, the Press• of which is always great in the last few Minutes; and there being more third-class passengers On this line than of the other two classes together. The clerks' office is one large room ; b u t th e b oo ki ng Windows ar c on opposite sides. Between the booking Offices and the parcel (Aces, which adjoin on each side, there is a waiting lobby, and other conveniences for second or third-class passengers. Amongst these •is a separate waiting-room for third-class female pas sengers. Beneath Mr. Hall's house, in the basement story, are rooms for the porters, in which to wait and take their meals, during the hours of attendance at the station. GENERAL PASLEY'S INSPECTION. On Friday morning -last, Major-General Pasley, the Government Inspector of Railways, was met at the Victoria station by Messrs. Henry Houldsworth, Chairman of the Board of Directors, Robert Gill, Managing Director, William Entwistle, Deputy Chairman, and Gooch, the principal Engineer of the Company, for the purpose of inspecting the ex tension line, prier to its opening. A special train was provided, consisting of an engine and tender and two carriages, which, although they have been in use on the line for some months, we believe have not vet been fully described. We may, therefbre, briefly advert to their construction here. Both these car riages are constructed from designs of Ur. H. Houlds worth, and are intended chiefly for summer use. The.. Tourist forms one apartment, with a high dais occus pying the centre third of the floor from end to end. On this dais are placed at intervals two seats, backed by others, in all 16 on the dais. On the lower floor there are five seats on each side ' which turn up, and . then leave a p assage a ll round. Four other seats are in the corners, making a total of 14 on the lower floor, the occupants of which, when seated, do not at all ohs struct the view of-those seated on the dais. The car riage is thus capable of containing 30 passengers. Besides the windows at the side, there are Wooden slides in the covering of the roof, which, when drawn down, open wire-gauze ventilators, which let in the air, without admitting those draughts which are some times so injurious in the second-class carriages. For this application of wire-gauze. we believe a patent has [Ten obtained. The dais is fitted up with carpets, &c. ; and each end of the Tourist is lined with looking glass, and has small ventilators for winter use. The • other carriage, named the Gondola, is somewhat dif ti.rcot in construction. It has open ends, like " stand ups," from which doors open into a small but elegant saloon, each side of which is occupied by a sofa, covered with crimson velvet, and capable of seating. six persons. There is a let-down seat within each - door, so that this little centre will seat a party of 14, who may have greater freedom of movement than in the ordinary railway carriages, and may, from time to time, walk out into the air, either in front or rear • of the saloon. In this carriage, we believe, General Pasley and the Directors, and gentlemen we have named, proceeded at ten o'clock on Friday morning from the Victoria station to the top of the extension line, whence the General walked back to the station, not on the rails, but under the arches of the viaduct, inspecting them as to solidity, &c. Again ascending to the Victoria station, he there inspected all the buildings, the approaches, the turn• tables and rails, and then again proceeded, by means of a locomo tive, to the place where the stationary engines are fixed. Havin ,, inspected th em , an d t h e wor k s o f this part o f the r line, the General next expressed a desire to see tho working of the. Oldoam branch, wh!ch, as many of our readers are aware, being an incline from the main line, ascending 1 in 27, has been worked for some time by means of a countet poise, Which descends a parallel line, as the train • ascends, and thus overcomes all the resistance .of weight, which otherwise would render it impossible. for a locomotive to draw a single carriage up the incline. General PaSley expressed himself very well satisfied with the solid and substantial character of the works generally, and gave the usual sanction to the Company to open the line at any time. The extension was ac cordingly opened, as we have stated, on Monday last. All the establishment of clerks, booking-offices, por ters, &c., connected with the passengers, was removed to it from the Oldhana-road Station, on that day ; the Oldham.road- station being still used, but for goods only; and the business offices of the Company, the secretary's offices, board room, &c., will still continue at that stati on , an d not b e removed to Hunt's Bank. There is ample convenience and accommodation at the Oldham -road station for storing large quantities . of goods. The line is there carried over the streets at a considerable height; hut, by means of a double hoist (one half ascending; as the other descends), easy access is obtained to th e level below ; the hoist being capable of raising or lowering a waggon of goods, of from eight to ten tons' weight. The arches below the line are admirably adapted for warehousing purposes, and the Company has also a considerable quantity of land adjoining, great part of which is laid with rails -in various directions, to facilitate the receiving and de- , livering of goo d s , loading and unloading the waggons, • &e. Altogether, it is computed, the Company pos sess at the goods station not less than eight acres of land, all applicable to the purposes of the goods . traffic. At and around the Victoria station, notwith standing its centrality, the Company possesa no less than about thirteen acres of land, laid out as we have de scribed, in approaches, in the line, ac., and sidings, in the various offices, arrival and departure plat- • forms, &e. ; a pa r t only lying between the carriage way and the river Irk, being as yet unappropriated, except that at one point, nearly opposite the centre of the station-house, a foot-bridge has been carne - from the carriage -way, across the low ground and - over the river Irk, so as to give an entrance into, Long Millgate, just by the end of. Mr. Richard Roberts's mill, and near Todd-street. This, which - may be regarded only as a temporary means of ap proach and outlet for passengers to and from that • quarter of the town, is fast approaching completion if, however, a proposed improvement be carried out, which would continue the carriage -drive from Hunt's bank, nearly in a direct line to Ducie Bridge, thus forming a very desirable junction with the Cheet- - ham Hill road—the means of access from that suburb, not only to the railway, but to . the Exchange, and the lower part of the town generally, would he very greatly improved. • While mentioning proposed improvements' in connexion with the extension line and the Victoria • , station, we may notice that the Liverpool Railway • Company have liheraily consented to erect a foot bridge alongside of the - railway bridge they are about. to throw over the Irwell (which is to be iron, of one arch, 120 fec t span) ; and the inhabitants of Greengate and Strangeways will thus be furnished with :the means of free and ready communication. Another bridge over the Irwell is also contemplated, at a point opposite the Palatine Hotel. This is proposed to be a bridge both for foot passengers and carriages; and • • already estimates have been made of the cost (said to be about 4,0001.), towards which 3,0001., it is stated, • has already been subscribed by the authorities of Manchester and Salford, and Mr. Samuel Brooks, the owner of a considerable portion of the land ad joining the river on the Salford side. These va- • rious improvements, if carried out, will greatly ' change the appearance and character of that entrance ' to the town, which, from being proverbially the worst, is lik e ly t o become the best and most direct Toad in point of convenience, and the greatest tho- • roughfare in point of traffic; combining, as it will, the greater part of the carriage communication from.: the New Bury Road and the Cheetham llill Road, together with much from Salford, and the whole uf the arrivals and departures by the Liverpool ant Manchester and Manchester and Leeds Railways. I%' e• • • understand that the Manchester Exeliangd e is i ta in i s ice from the bc,eilear carefully lly station lnea :o tir t , le d i „ . and found to be . just 494 yards. joint one for the Ili & two l a entirely executed by , of e e Companies, has a thoughbeen time Leeds Company, who have erected the suite oF offices, and complcted the works of the line, the ap proaches, &c. The whole has b een under. the ma ovum an 4 wrlinte4dence of Ur. Ciopell, thy, '~r~-. SUICIDE THROUGH DISTRESS. VOTE or CENSURE BY A JURY.—Yesterday morning, at ten o'clock, an inquest was taken before Mr. G. Mills, Deputy- Coroner, at the Grey-hound, New Compton-street, Soho, on view of the body of Jonathan Butler, aged 44, a tailor, who committed suicide. It was provedin evidence, that the deceased, who, with his wife and six children, lodged at 17, Phcenix-street, Soho, got up on the morning o f Tuesday last, and hung himself, but was but down before quite dead by Mr. Hingwell, his landlord, who immediately sent for Mr. Cooper, surgeon, Moor-street, and that gentleman said he would be on the spot in a few minutes; but not coming fur some time, Hingwell sent again, and the reply was as before. Having waited fully twenty minutes, Mr. Marshall, surgeon, of the same street, was called in, and he failed in restoring animation, remarking th a t if h e had been sent for sooner the man's life might have been saved. It was shown that the deceased and his family were in great distress ; he could only get police work, and earned less than eight shillings a week, with eight mouths to feed and backs to cover. A good deal of indignation was expressed by the jury at the conduct of Mr. Cooper, and that gentleman was sent for. He said, when the first message arrived he was dressing up stairs, and that he had desired the messenger to obtain other aid, as it would be same time before he could attend. This statement was immediately denied by several witnesses. Mr. Addams (the foreman) then observed, that Mr. Cooper's explanation had but confirmed the opinion entertained by him previously. He would ask Mr. Cooper whether, as an act of humanity, it was not his duty to have hastened with all speed, like Mr. Marshall, to render his assistance. Had he done so, the life of a fellow-creature would most probably have been preserved. He (the foreman) was not disposed to compromise such facts, and he should, therefore, recommend his brother jurymen, by a show of hands, t o man if es t th e i r a bh orrence of such unfeeling proceedings. The jury assented to the proposition, and unanimously held up their hands. • Mr. Cooper, with considerable emphasis, replied. The jury found, " That the deceased hung himself, being al . he time in a state of mental derangement." We copy the following capital jell (1' esprit from the playbill of the Haymarket pantomime :—" The public is re spectfully informed that the little dog mentioned in the original story, has been omitted, for fear the animal's attraction might render the manager liable to the penalties of the 2d and 3d of Victoria, cap. 47, sec. 56, by which it is enacted, that no person within the districts of the Metropolitan police, shall " use any dog for the purpose of drawing or helping to draw," &c. &c. ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OIENGLANII.-- It is the intention of the Council of the Royal Agricultural Society to give premiums of 50 guineas each for the best prize essays during the present year, on the agriculture of Norfolk, Cheshire, Essex, and Wiltshire. ANTI-ROOK LEAGUE.—A meeting was held in the Council Chamber, Dumfries, on Wednesday, to declare war to the knife against the poor crows of Nithadale. The attendance is said to have been great. Some farmers said it cost them 101. yearly to herd their crops ; others, that the crows did them 101. of d amage ; ot h ers computed the damage at 10,000 1 . f rom crow dep re d a ti ons ! A Committee was appointe d to wa i t upon the pr o p r i etors of rookeries, requesting them to check the in crekse of crows--a request which, we doubt not, the lairds of Dumfries -shire will at once accede to after the recent mag nanimous anti-rabbit speech of Sir Robert Peel. A subscrip tion in aid of the object of the meeting was entered into, when the subscribers generally gave 2s. 6d. each.—Galloway Register. The Toulouse journals of Saturday remark that that town had been for 18 days in a continued fog, while Mar seilles and its environs had enjoyed an equal duration of fine clear weather. • THE GREENACRE TRAGEDY.—Sarah Gale, the com panion of the notorious Greenacre, and who, for the robbery on his unfortunate victim, was sentenced to transportation, is liv ing at Port Philip as assistant in a confectioner's shop. She is described by a person who recently saw her in that colony as having regained her health and looking very comely ; her hag gard appearance at her trial showing the relics of a countenance of considerable prior attractions. Tim Mun PAVEMENTS.—The authorities of St. Marylebone have given notice to the inhabitants, that, if the Local Act of Parliament is not complied with as far as regards the cleansing of the foot pavements every morning, the penalty for neglect to do so will be enforced. UNIVERSITY AND CLERICAL INTELLIGENCE..--OX FORD, JAN. 3.—HAMPDEN, APPELLANT, V. MACMILLEN. —The delegates in congregation met this day at one o'clock, when the Master of University College, the Chairman, pronounced the judgment of the Court.—''hat the amended libel was wrongly admitted, the delegates bring of opi nion that there were no allegations en the face of the libel on which any legal duty Was grounded, for the brea2ll of which an action on the case for damages would lie ; they, therefore, reversed the judgment of the assessor in the Court below, and ordered the amended libel to be dismissed, Mr. Macmullen paying the costs of both parties. Mr. Cary, en the part of Mr. Macmullen, gave notice of further pro ceedings, by an appeal to a higher Court—that of the dele gates in convocation. The decision of the Court has afforded the highest satisfaction here, except to the Tractarian party. THE QUEEN DOWAGER. — Her Majesty ' s nephew, Prince Edward of Saxe Weimar, with the Rev. Canon Wood and his amiable bride, spent the Christmas with her M a j es ty. Her Majesty, with her usual liber alit y , has been dispe ns i ng her seasonable benevolence to an immense number o f p oor families in the vicinity o f Witley Court, and i n several in stances she has personally relieved th e wants of the indi gen t up with the title, terman, and distressed at their humble dwellings , — Worcester Citron. heavilyterno n laden ACCIDENT ON THE R I VER. --Yesterday af ternoon, the n William Gibson, on board of her , sh e ran foul of a tier o f simi lar barges moored in the river , n earl y opposite to Somerset wharf, and the co lli s ion was so violent as to thro w hi m over vi b th ar e g o e o Mary ,,a nd A w n i n th e was coursing eo o m ne i nigigh named over board. No immediate assistance was at hand, and conse quently the poor man, who has left a very large family, was lost. It is a singular fact, that notwithstanding every effort of the river police, accidents are continually occurring in this particular part of the river. RAILWAY FARES.—NOTTINGAM, DERBY, AND LEICESTER.—An alteration in the mode of eharging the rail way fares between Nottingham, Derby, and Leicester, of a very advantageous kind for persons having occasion to pass between those towns and return the same day, has just been male by the Midland Counties Railway Company. The abatement in the amount of the two fares for going and returning is about one-third of the usual charge.—Derby Reporter. THE CAMERONIANS.—On Saturday forenoon many of our citizens were attracted and delighted by a drill of the gallant 26th Regiment, now in the Castle. The whole corps, with the exception of those on duty, were marched by their distinguished commander, Colonel Moun tain, C. 8., from the garrison to Queen's Park, and from thence to the Hunter's Bog. Here the regiment piled arms ; and were then marched to the top of Arthur's Seat, where, at the suggestion of the Gallant Colonel, they gave " Three Cheers for Auld Reckie.., They were then marched over the hill to the verge of Duddingstone Loch, and homeward by Sampson's Ribs, and along the ss Radical -road," to the nortli end of the valley, where having resumed their arms, they returned to the Castle.—Edinburgh Paper. EXTRAORDINARY ACCIDENT.—On Saturday last, as a young man named Isiae Bridden, in the employ of Mr. Redfern, carrier. was proceeding from Bakewell to Cromford, with two single horse carts, when he got to Matlock.bridge he endeavoured to untie the halter that fastened the hinder horse to the front cart, and acgidentally got his thumb entangled in the halter, when the leading horse Lria,de a 'Ridden turn, and the rope pulled his thumb quite off.—Derby Riporter. ]P ost ere are not out le ir 1 to and from Khan ,ed st y th• bo stlf' inv tkey an .lativs fronl :hinge 'er io able miler° !leg'