The Sun. — London, England, 1803-04-22 00:00:00

EXTRACTS FROM MR . . TELFORD'S SURVF's; AND REPORT OF THE COASTS AND C ENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF—SCOT— LAND; Made by Carl ,and of the Lords of His Majesty's Treasury, in 1822 ; Alia ii,;vc laid before the House of COnunotis. THE CALEDONIAN CANAL. I PASSED ~00nit the %Ahune line of this Canal, 6.1 ts, froie 1 , •v , -reess on the East, to Fort Wil li:On on lb: Coa , ,t. I took much pains to ex. atnir-'into the nature of the Navigation of the Lochs, their Soundings and anchoring Places. For this purpose I at plied chiefly to Mr. GwYNN, who has t:;m:nitinieti the Loch Ness Galley in Government Service 36 years ; from him I obtained a very full and sathfattory account . of Loch Ness ; he also took thr,Souodings of Loch Oich, and a part of Loch Lochy for me. From him I learnt, that Lochness is 22 miles in length, and from one to two and a half miles in' breadth ; that ids extreme depth is 13 . 5 fathoms, and generally 15 to to very near the shores; that there are six anchoring places on the north, and ft.- or on the south side, and that at each end of the Loch.there is good Anchorage in front 3 to 5, 8 and ro fathom water. That a Vessel .passing from the west to the east end before a westerly wind, or in a contrary -dime. tiotbtfr.;re an easterly wind, .has nothing to do but • run before the wind the whole way, which she would do in from three to five hours, and with. con. trary winds in moderate weather she would Work it in fr-m 24. to 36 bours. Th;:t the easterly winds generally prevail from March till the end of September, when the westerly winds set in and continue for the rest of the year. The Soundings be took in Loch Lochy arc from seven . tri sixty-eight fathoms, with bold shores and good In Loch ()notch which is a short Loch on the summit level, there are some shallow parts, but they may he inaiie sufficiently deep. I next proceeded to examine the supplies of Wa ter which are on the summit level,' and for this pur ce,se I pAised up the Valley of Glengarry to Loch Hour', at the hack of Skye. 'ln this valley I found Loch Garry, which appears to be upwards of five miles in length, and from half a mile to one mile in breadth ; towards the head of the Valley is Loch Quoich, which appears to be upwards of eight miles in length, and from one to two miles' in Veadih . ; these natural Reservoirs, placed in an ex tensive Valley and a rainy Country, form an abun dant provision for every purpose to which Water can be applied in" the course of the Cat)al. Having ascertained these points, I passed by a very rocky and precipitous track, down to the head of Loch Hoorn ; front Loch Hourn I travelled by a track scarcely less rugged, to the top of Glen. Elg, and over the steep mountain of Raatachan to the top of Loch Dutch ; from thence I travelled along the vestiges of a military road, up Glen Shiel, clown a part of Gienmoriston, and over a s rugged in.Nintain to Fort Augustus. In Glenmoriston and Glengarry it is possible to make roads, if ju. . cliciously Ltid our, up:in an easy ascent ; but the idea of water conveyance through them between theCaldooian Canal and the Fishing Lochs, is al -- unadvisable. My next object was to examine the Country which lies between the top of Loch Eil and Loch Stile!, in order to find whether a water conveyance could be made at a moderate expence from Loch Eil through Loch Shiel, and so into the Fishing Grounds to the south of Skye, without passing doWn the Linnhe Loch, up the Sound of Mull, and round the Point of Ardnamurchan. I carried ,a level across the neck of land which separates Lodi Eil from Loch Shiel ; the distance is about three miles. I (wind the summit of the land 43 feet above high water in Loch Eil,.and 3s feet s inches above the level of the fresh water in Loch Sltiel. In order to form a Canal, as • there is no water to be got on this:summit, the ground must be cut down to tz feet below the level of the water in Loch Shiel, which would rn.ke 4.7 feet S inches of cutting, and this depth .of cutting would be continued for nearly a miler I also suspel that in this distance rock would be rnet with. lam -therefore sorry to say, I cannot advise the work being undertaken before the nature of the groinid has been fully proved, and the whole of Loch Shiel has been ex mined with great care; and as' this passage cannot be useful unless the Caledonian Canal be 'made and navigated from the east ; if that event should take place there will be plenty of timit to re-examine t hi s point with care ; at present it ought, in my Opinion, to be . postponed. Having investigated all the points which fell un. der 'my observation as a Civil Engineer, I became extremely desirous of having the opinion of expe rienc.ed and well informed mercantile and seafaring people, witheregard to the present 'navigation by the Pentland Firth and the Orkneys, and the pro. posed inland navigation,,by the Caledonian Canal with the view of procuring the best possible infor: minion on this subjea, I applied to Leith, Aber deen, and Peterhea•l,• on the east _coast, and , to Greenock, Dublin, Liverpool, and Bristol, -on the west. My estimate »of the expence of forming this no. vigation is nearly 33 . 0,0001. and the time required to complete it would probably be about seven years this division would require an annual supply of - so,cocil. , Upwards of thirty vessels have been wrecked on the coast of Caithness, in the memory of Alexander Miller of Staxigo. . . THE- - FiSHERIES. In .what regards the - Fisheries, I beg leave to quote a passage from my last year'S Report. , g I believe it is generally admitted, that in the im provement of a Country, the interference of Go. vermnent should extend only to the removing obsta. cles, and affording conveniences, which are of a na. •titre not easily to 14 surmounted by individuals, or any bodY . of men who Can be brought ►o ad to. gether ; and where it is evident that by removing those ob:•tacles, and affording these conveniences, the exertions of individuals will be greatly facili. tared, so, as to promote the general good of the empire:" The.ohjeas conne&ed with the Fisheries, which seem to come under the foregoing description, are, Ist, The want of a ready coimnimication by water between the east and west coasts zd, The want of communications by land froin the Low Commies and the cast coast, with the Shores and Fishing Lochs of the west,coast 3dly, The inconveniences arising from the operation of the Salt Laws : anti 4thly, the want'of a harbour in Caithness. SECOND DAY-.-THURSDAY,, APRIL 21. Thomas Smith and William 7orrer were charged Atli a capital offence, in burglariously breaking and entering the dwelling.. house of James Fontaine, be tween the hours of seven and eight o'clock, on the night of the 17th of March, and stealing therein a metafcandleStick, his property. It appeared in the course of the evidence, that the Prisoners were seen intently looking i n at the window of the Prosecutiar, a brazier and tinman, near Middle.row, Holborn, at the hour stared in the Inditiment, by two of the Witnesses, who belonged to the Patrole of that quarter. Their Suspicion was immediately excited, and they narrowly watched the Prisoners f 4.4 some time : at length the Prisoner Jones broke one of the panes, by some means, after which they both (the Prisoners) retired : they soon, however, advanced to the spot again, and the Wit nesses observed Jones put in his hand throngh the broken pane, and take out something, which he instantly gave to his 'fellow Pri so n e r, Smith, on which they separated, and went hastily away. The Witnesses alluded to then fumed at; arrange ment for the apprehemion of the Prisoners, in come_ quence of which, one of them was to pursue Smith, and the other Jones. The Pairole who ran after Smith shortly came up with him ; at the distance of a foot or two, he perceived it was a metal candle. stick which he had in his hand. ai Smith perceiv ing the Witness so near, lie ran across the street, and the :Witness following, he threw -•the candle stick with violence at him. He was, however, s , )0:1 afterwards'secured. The identity of the candle stick, and the subordinate parts of the case, being duly proved, the two Prisoners, for Jones was soon after taken, not being able to Make a satisfadory defence, ,were found Guilty to the full extent of Inilidtnent—Dealb. The Pris oners were built very young men. the Elizabeth Ann Hunt was charged with a capital offence, in feloniously stealing the sum of 53 1. toS, in monerand notes, in the dwelling.house ut Salmon Handheld; his property. Independent . of this view of the case, the Priso ner's offencei it appeared from the statement of Counsel, was capital, under a Particular and very old . Ad of Parliament, which so enieteLl it, to s:eal in a dwelling.house, persons being therein. The Prosecutor, it appeared, keeps a putijic house near St. Leonard's church, ShOreditch ; the Prisoner was his lodger, and occupied the front room, on his second floor; the money in question was deposited in the back.room s in a bureau the Prosecutor saw all the money ,in question: within two days before the robbeiy took place, and the day immediately previous, the sum of 31. tos.. was put into the bureau by the PrOseculor's daughter., 'On the day let forth in the Indifiment, the Prisoner was seen standing near' the door of the rocim in which the money was kept, and the door ttierenf open : the door of the room was hsabitually kept locked by the Prosecutor and his family. On the Prisoner being so . observed, the suspicions of the Prosecutor were strongly excited ; he sent for an Of f icer, and just as he come into the room the Pro secutor's eldest daughter, who was left there. to ob. serve the Prisoner, perceived the bag ..which Con tained the money in question lying at the Prisoner's feet ; the contents were counted out, arid it was found to contain all the money laid, with the ex. ception of one 75. piece. On being afterwards searched by the O ffi cer, three keys were found in her possession, two of which it appeared opened the lock 'of the bureau. The Prisoner left her defence to her Counsel (Mr. Cußw6oo, who- endeavoured at her eicul patiow chiefly through the medium of an ingenious cross-examination of the Prosecutor's Witnesse...- Scime, Witnesses appeared - to her charatter. The Learned Judge oliserved, that under the particular At upon which the Priioner was indieted, the monk of :the money stated would make r:•,) differeticilii - to the capital 'part of the charge;' as in that view one shilling would implicate - her as as tool.' The Jury, after deliberating some time, found the Prisoner—Guilty. • I okn Ilth was intli4ed for burglariously break ing and cote, ing into the dwellin g house of "Eliza beth Dowager I)utchess of Chandos; with the intent of 'stealing, on the 4th inst. Her Grace's Butler and Housekeeper both saw the Prisoner in the house about five in the morning. The house being under repair, he had entered it by means of a ladder, and • LONDON: Printed by BUCHANAN mimILLAw, ( o f H ow _st ree t, Covent-Carden) ; and Publ►shed by WILLIAM ARMIGER Scßiprs, (of South Moltori-street, Grosvenor -square); At the Svs.OFFic s, Na. .1 jz, Strand ; where Overtitemests, Orders fur the Paper, Letters fur the Editor, Su. (polt-fraid), must be addressed. THE EMIGRATIONS. That Emigrations have already taken place from ..,arious parts of the Highlands, is a fad upon which there does not remain room to doubt ; from the best ialormation I have been able to procure, about Three Thousand Persons went away in the course of last year, and, if I am rightly informed, three times that number are preparing to leave the Country in the present year. I shall not encroach upon your Lordships' time by investigating all the remote or unimportant col. lateral causes of Emigration, but shall proceed to that which I consider to be the most powerful in its present operation ; and that is, converting large distrids of the Country into extensive 'Sheep-walks. This not only requires much fewer people to ma nage the same track of country, but in general an entirely new People, who have been accustomed to this mode of life, are brought from' the southern parts of Scotland. The difference of Rents to the Landlords between Sheep and Black Cattle is, I understand, at least three to - one,' and yet on account of the extraordi nary rise in the prices of Sheep and Wool, the Sheep Farmers have of late years. been acquiring wealth. As the introducing Sheep Farms over Countries heretofore stocked with Black Cattle, creates an extensive demand for the. young Sheep from the established Farms, it is possible that the high prices may continue until a considerable por. tion of the Country is fully stocked ; after this takes places, the quantities of Sheep produced will bear a very great proportion to the demand, and then it is possible the prices may fall below average Value ; in this case it is probable the Farms will be subdivided, and a proportion of Black Cattle and Cultivation be introduced in the lower Grounds in the Vallies, while the upper parts of the Hills con. tinue to be pastured with Sheep. This I consider as the most improved state of Highland Farming, and is consistent with a, very considerable Popular lion; a beautiful instance of this is to be seen along the north side of Loch _Tay.' But improved Cum. munications, by► meankof Roads and Bridges, are necessary for this state of Society, and for this reason I have said, that if these.conveniences been 'sooner introduced into . the Highlands, it is possible this Emigration might not have taken place, at least to the present extent. The very high price of Black Cattle has also faci. litated the means of Emigration, as it has burnished the old Farmers with a portion of capital which enables them to transport their families beyond the Atlantic. In some few cases a greater Population than the land can'support in any shape, has beelYthe cause of emigrations ; such was the bland of Tiree. Some have, no doubt, been deluded by accounts sent back from others gone before them ; and any deceived by artful persons, who hesitate not to sa. crifice these poor ignorant people to selfi,h ends. A very principal reason must also be, 'that the people, when turned out' of their Black Cattle Farms to make way for the Sheep Farmers, see no mode of employment whereby they can earn a sub. sistence in their own Country, and sooner than seek. it in the Low . Lands of Scotland, or in England, they will believe what is told .them may be done in the Farming line in America. . What I have here mentioned, appear to ine to be the immediate causes of the present Emigrations from the North Western Parts of Scotland. To point out the means of preventing - Eriiisrations in future, is a part of my duty, upon which I enter with no small degree of hesitation. As the evil at present seems to arise chiefly from the .conduA of Land-owners, in changing the economy of their Estates, it may be, questioned whether Government can with justice interfere, or whether any essential benefits are•likely to arise from this interference. In one point of view' it may be stated, .tliat, tak. ing the mountainous parts of Scotland as a distriel of the British Empire, it is the interest of the trU. pile that this Distria be made to 'produce as much human fond as it is capable of doing at the least possible expence ; that this may be done by stock. angst chiefly with Sheep, that it is the interest of the Empire the ,food so produced, should not:be con. 'sumed .by persons residing amongst the mountains totally unemployed, but rather in some other parts .of the Country, where their labour can be made produCtive either in'the business AI Agri. culture, Fisheries, or Manufsetures ; and' that by suffering every person., - to pursue what . ap. pears to them to be 'their 9wn interest, that al. though some temporary inconveniencies may arise, yet upon the whole, that matters will in the end adjust themselves into'the forms most suitable for the place. . In another point of view it may be stated, that it is a great hardship, it not a great injustice, that the Inhabitants' of am extensive distrift should all at once be driven from their native Country, to make way for Sheep Farming, which is likely to be car. tied. to an imprudent extent; that, in a few 'years, this excess will be evident ; that before . i t 'i s di s . covered, the Country will be depopulated, and that race of People which has of late years maintained so hqnnurable a shaie in the operations of our Armies and , Navies, will then be no mote ; that in a case where such a numerous body of the people are deeply interested, it is the duty of Government to consider it as an extraordinai'y case, and one of those occasions which justifies them in departing a little from the. maxims' of general. policy", that far this purpose regulistions should be made to prevent Land owners from lessening the Population -upon their , Estateoaelow a given proportion,and that some lation of this sort would in the end be in favour of the Landowners, As it would preservp the population best suited to the most improved mode of Hie!, land farming, such as is pradited at Breadalbane, and to the establishment of Fishing villages, on the principle laid down and practised so successfully by Mr. Hugh Stevenson of Cohan, at Arnisdale, on Loch Hourn. In whatever light the foregoing statements may be viewed, there is another on, which there can, think, be no difference of opinion. This is, that if ,there are any public works to be executed, which, when completed, will piove generally beneficial to the Country, it is advisable these works should be undertaken 'at the present time. This would fur nish employment for the industrious and valuable part of the petiple in their own Country ; they would by this means be accustomed to labour, they would acqUire some capital, and the foundations would be laid for future employments. If, as I have been cilidibly informed, the inhabitants are strongly attached to their native Country, they would greedily embrace this opportunity of being enabled to remain in it, with the prospeet of better ing their condition, because, before the works were completed, it must be evident to every one that the whole face of the Country would be changed. The Caledonian Canal, and the Bridges and Roads of the description here alluled to, wilt not only furnish present employment, hut pro mise to accomplish all the leading o hj e a s which can reasonably be looked forward, to fur the im provement and future welfare of the Country, whe ther we regard its Agriculture, Fi,heries, or.Ma nuladures. OLD BAILEY. coy?! not her give arty p7oper aecnattfof himself, or wh3t his intention was. The de(ence set op by ft.... Prisoner wafp, that l,e bad heard there was a Press Ging in the neighbour hood, and that finding the d ior open, he had entered for the purpose of e,caping their vigilabee.:2Vit Mr. LEMMER a native of the Imperial gtat F 4. and resident of ' Vienna, having lately arrived i n this Country with a Colleetion of the most valuable original Paintings, intends to exhibit the same for a short time in London. He has had &Aiwa of exhibiting some of his principal Paintings to Their Majesties, and others of the Royal Family, sditi expressed the highest approbation thereof. Mr. Wasr, the President of the Royal Society, has done him the favour to inspect the same, and to declare them worthy of Their Majesties' nodal and other Amateurs of the Arts have likewisc'ex' pressed themselves highly gratified with this Colt lettion of Paintings, in the choice whereof M r. LeMMER has not spared either expence ortroiible, for many years past, to procure, in difkent Coun: tries, those of z rill . ) , unrivalled excellence ; such as from the Pencil of RAPHAEL, CORRPGGIO , &C. &C. The great encouragement tht fine Arts have always met with in this Country during the present Reign, having inthced Mr, 'LEMMEtt to bri Over this valuable Colle‘ftion from the Continott he invites Nobility, Ozotry, aild Patrons °i the Arts to inspeA the same. Besid-s these, Mr. LiiMMER his a nutni . .)ef of precious stones of very curious and foost brituti! till antique an.l. modern, as ut Eg-pti.nt, F.!tuic 4 ' l ' Grecian, &c. he ( lit. ,„ The whole of the above Colleaion is •" - posed of by private Contrati, and -I\,lt. willing to attend any Amateur that will d ) he honour of a visit,, any day until the end of the prei sent month, at his Aea;tments, No. 6, ha l! Market. SHIP NEiIS• CAAVZSZNO, APRIL 20. Sailed—the Guardian, el. - triton, for Virginia; Aeon,' Street; Commer.:e, Close, Swift, Stephenscm, an d f AV I / 4 Garnoell, for Peteriburgit. MARRIED. last, at Nhpie, lltirhitn, In the COW () %Vett n nesdav ,p te, • -7-- un T, of Oxford. the seat o f ftliehsel Blount. Esti Edward !I 0 ,,, n:50 of Bellamore, in the County of Sta ff ord, Esti . t ‘!, W Yesterday, at Eton College, Thomas Thad:4mb E z141 "! Miss Prior. DPA Lately, Mr. Smith, - M Inver of the Plymout h 'Theatre, to Miss Dixon, of Covent-garden TI, atrC DIED. .. . At the Palace of Kilmote, of a convulsive fi t, Mistlf--"' G statia 11:resford, zd daughter of the Bishop of Kilinute. tc' ,s, Early on Monday morning, at his house in St• i;;,,A street, Norwich, in the sad year of his age , Skinner E(10'41- Russel, Esq. Attorney at Law. iiStoir On the tsth inst. Mountaguc choltneley, Esq. a in the Cunty of Lincoln. • ' 11 GI On Friday the Bth inst. at Lath, Miss Susanna Ntc o I Page-street. Hendon. . b 01 11 1: Lately, at Lisbon, where he had been for the his health. Mr. john Swaine, of Cornhili, aged 3b. 5 ., iotti On Sunday night. in the 64th year of his age, in" 4 . Aikin, late of Marv-lam:Theatre. a 14 4 b • The same day. in 1-ierrmsortreet, Pentonvillei,-.-viet. Mr. icseph tiarrumn,tonterly Druggist of thd,-.l*'• -- . PRICE OF STOCKS, ' .. IlisrakoAl. Rank Stock 1731 ltidia Stock 2zoi 2:o N.tvy s pet , cll4. raiii ' South Sea Stock ; per 4._ rut I, 9-, tool I9G , I Xdiell. hills $. S. CP" ' I TISII i per Cent. 97 Futuia3ie ditto pain. i pet Lent. Con. 8.41 4 jd I- xchequer Bills dia. . ; rrr Cent. !Zed lAA ( - Irtipttiiii .. 3 per C. Con. 67.2.!!, imper. 3 per Ccilt. Hitt., Scltit Ditto Ann. oaok 1.. Ann. 19 ts-16i liiank for opening !)itto Short Ann. 1 iviia for Act. ~i re., S, rip - . 1 'ons. 14; Nl:ty G 8 712! .... --- To THOMAS TAYLOR, F.:(1 • No. q, New Bridge-Street, I.ontitn. • Honoured Sir, , Edinburgh, March 111,48.01,4 113F43 leave to inform you, that ever Since tn year 17yo, I have been &tid r ed with the V et. Tea; which, from its obitinately resisting every Medicine prescribed by the most eminent of the ' i acre, and undergoing several sevVre courses of salivay.t. and twice discharged from, the Hospital, with little would appear to beof the most inveterate n Auto. +`:, at spring of last_year my disorder had got to such a 11 ""1,0 nearly to put a period to my existence—l had a largc'" ir gs on the crown of my head, one on each arm, anti i / V 3 41 were broke out in a frightlitl niamier ; my right was rir 11 ; fully painful, and had been in a state at: ulceration fur.l,l last seven years; my left hail also two large nodes was very much discoloured, and •gpe MC such eicru,t.a,... ing pain, particularly when warm in . bed, as neatly t" „ prive me of rest ; in this lamentable state, I wd s rc°' i t i mended by Mr. J. Thninvsoo, (.who : rece ived so gtet. s cure by them here), to take your Leake's Patent Et',.; cent:deity. which I began to .do on thy 16th of Mai: ; the c. O lO of fortnight,oiitl. thelbega weriertos on i ty herd r e ce i ve' tr e n zl e t ti than - in Ilttle w , re ' a m my legs tl►e as so ki l ai y enadv h ip ea nat le , d i — tino s . t t e r v i eboarl,:iceeorol f tkt,ll:eediaSliiffete:itiovs,:fic of Gott, anti a little longer prr~everanee tit Y fete ails suable Medicine, subsided ; - -the nodes dispersiilsi regaining its natural hue, and the nocturnal pains g r3( l - gc . going oil. I thus became, by your liberal advice dicine, perfeztly free from aft forincr coinvlJ . a t b e. have recovered my former spirits awl strength, and J.,„,n,0, come jolly and : litt r tu „which sr tie havinv , intinu cti ► rt inonths'to the astonishment of all who a Loss in what terms to my gratittide, but 'lt' } ivy for the good of other sintering mortals, to make il4.imir case as public as possible, as I shall on every 0 4 : 3 ,',fu1t in so doing, yon will greatly oblige, Sir, your obe n m diet, very humble servant, MUNI' • Swan's Close, High-street, -Edinburgh. , Witnesses to the above Cure : d JOHN THoursoN, No. 3, New l'oultry Market; OHN M'INTOSI4, Old Assembly-Close, Edinburg ) " • Prepared and Sold by the sole Propriotor, ' I , sof , Titou** y Loa, Mainbir of. the Koval College 0...,1005. genus, at his House, No. y, New niidge- :trees, kale ' Six wl,ere, after a constant reslderice morethatt th' f ',• re. of Venereal in a prai.tiLe particularl y . directed to the .c , t j ' t . ss ol , . - Venereal Complaints and those in‘i:le.t,tal toil Gel:oration, with. that invi-i:ade s,:crito,i which 111 : , Jo . his iiraosion sho , ;1(1 always . ooierve ilt.such batters ininself, the advice awl as3;;:tailc.d 41 .111 % 1 ,-,11, administers to persons taking •this s al. esteentell, by a discerning l'oblic. -- rs ad" nr3);- ciout a!tantabletuut vi irt of all :inibiguity. C 0 Al sold, by his appointment, for the valve:lien os st. the s l e iving at a distance, at tile Perfutner's, N 3 ' 3s 'o%° Al'oan's-street, ; the Toyshop, No. fo r d-so-at; Mr. I3isboroogles, No: 7; .Fisli-Streal,:sl:ver. • Mr. Steel's, Bookseller,' No. Union-row, Mai* hill ,• Mr. B axter ' s, . South..bri:ige, Edinbuibir ;41,d ~,redonitld, Glasgow Mr. Callwcirs, D u blin ; re• f u ll person in every considerable town in Great tiritain,lilii land, in Boxes of only as. yd. each, •seaieti sex l id and plain directions, wherer.wersons of ettiter cure tnen iseives -with ease, spee d, secrecy:, MO S;lic' with N. B. Ev:ry Box sold in Great natant is sea:taisu,p_s it a. Stagg), on which, by favour of the - C o ulon "i " k v printed. at tti Staolp-Oliwc--" I. I . :Idol - , 1 40 . .,r ti thors . Bridge-street,"—to imitate wifielt is feloily, alb arc Li.onterfaits. • i