The Sun. — London, England, 1839-07-29 00:00:00

I Her Majesty and her august Mother attended divine 0 serV .ceesterday morning at the Chapel Royal St. James's. ~ 23-. e semen was preached by the Rev. Dr. M a ddy, w h o look hi s text from Hebrews, chap. iv. verse 1. The Prayer s were read by the Rev, Dr. Wesley, the Lessons iby the Rev. Mr. Povah, and the Altar Service was read by the Rev. Dr. Wesley and the Rev. Mr. Povah. The j channt was Russell's ; the Musical Servic e D r . Aldrich's, lin A ; the Sanctus and Commandments Croft in A. The Anth, ea, .. by " Who is this th a t comet h f rom Ed om " (Dr. Arn o ld) was sung barv. Messrs. Wvld, Hobbs, and Brad !Mr. J. B. Sale presided at the organ. The Dean of Hereford was the Deputy Clerk of the I Closet, in Waiting. The Royal suite included the Mar_ chio'aess of Normanby Lady Charlotte Dundas, Hon. Miss Airtray, Lady C. Copley, ' Viscount Torrington, Mr. Rich, l 'id the Hon. Colonel Cavendish. Her Maesty and suite, aft e r the service, returned in t th ree carriages to Buckingham Palace. T',lr. Duchess of Braganza visited the Queen yesterday aft, .rnoon. In the evening her Imperial Majesty, attended 11 '. , Madam e de Maucomble, Lord Lifford, Marquis de Re- 'aend a , and M. Gomeg, dined with the Queen at Bucking / ham P a l ace. A sma ll party were present to meet her Ins- Pedal Majesty, including Le Commandeur Lisboa, the i Brazilian Charge d'Affaires, the Duchess of Sutherland, Niarquis of Normanbv, Earls of Uxbridge arid Surrey, i ViEcounts Melbourne and Palmerston. Her Majesty took an airing on Saturday afternoon in an open carriage and four, attended by the Hon. Miss Paget and Baroness Lehzen. 1 Viscount Melbourne had an audience of the Queen on Saturday- T h" Queen, accompanied by her Imperial Majesty the Duchess of Braganza, and her Royal Highness the 1 Du chess of Kent, honoured the Italian Opera with her presence on Saturday evening. The Royal suite in (;juded the Duchesa of Sutherland, Madame de Maucomble, ' - ' iad Y Charlotte Dundas, Hon. Miss Murray, Hon. Miss aa "g", 'aiccount Torrington, Lord Lilford, Marquis de , 2`,nde, M. Gomeg, Mr. Ri c h, an d th e Hon. Colonel 1 aa.vendish. T he Queen Dowager visited the Duchess of Braganza , °nsi aturday. H er Majesty accompanied by the Princess °I Hohenlohe, and attended by the Hon. Miss Eden. left i Maal Lorough-house at four o'clock on Saturday afternoon ! i 4 .. carriage and four, for her residence in Bushey Park. The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and the Princess Angusta of Cambridge attended divine service yesterday thaning in Grosvenor Chapel. Miss Kerr and Baron 'lnesebeck were in waiting on their Royal Highnesses. [ 0. A Cabi ne t C ounc il was held on Saturday afternoon at ti ' " taE.cial r es id ence o f Vi scount M el b ourne i n Downing ;eat. It was a tt en d e d b y a ll t h e Mi n i sters except the ' '''cluis of Lansdowne. 1 A tter the Council, Vi scoun t M e lb ourne an d L or d Hol k"cl kft town a visit to the Earl and Countess of Tan er'ide, at their residence at Walton-on-Thames. Via c"*.t Melbourne returned to town yesterday. 'Ole Agent for Jamaica had an interview with the Mar- I'li, of N ormanby on Saturday, at the Colonial Of f ice. , 1i., - , .(a?,nt Bj ornst j erna, t h e S wed i sh Min i ster, l eft F arrance ' s et:el yesterday morning for Ems, to meet the Countess .l'rnstierna returning from Carlsbad. Their Excellen. u _ea will return in the month of September to their former onsion in B e l grave - street s a T he French Charge d'Affaires transacted business on turciay at the Foreign Office. of,l?espatehes were received yesterday at the Colonial i ~ ,", from the Lori High Commissioners of the lonian s '"'N, and the Lieutenant-Governor of Malta. . t Th e Marqui s of Salisbury and a Deputation had an in ter, with the Chancellor of the Exchequer on Saturday -- '-'‘)lvning-street. wi n Walke r M. P., and a Deputation, had an interview /;., t ' ° rd J. Russell on Saturday at the Home Office. m 0 ,,, .e Marquis of Lansdowne left town on Saturday i .a . 'nfa, for his scat, Goodwood Park ilts. y or k ., h , e Chancellor of the Exchequer le eft ` town on Saturday u anbridge Wells. EEN IN G EDITION. COU LAR. 4- ‘ PA -,3 HIONABLE INTELLIGENCE ARRIVALS. Mr. and Mrs. Bates, at Fenton's Hotel, from the United Mr. 15 , (1 111 Lewis a n d f am il y , a t di tto, f rom W a l es; B . `I7Q-tern, Esq ,at ditto ;W. H. M er l e , E sq ., at di tto, u , xl t he Continent ; Si r R. P. J o d re ll , B art., f rom oreshire; the American Minister, and Mrs. Stephen sL," ". in P ort l and-place, from Tunbridge-wells ; the Right -en Andrew Rutherford, at the Clarendon Hotel, Bond ' 4 "t ; Lord and Lady Stafford, at ditto, from a Conti ntat tour ; Sir Archibald Macdonald, Bart., at Lord Albemarle's, Berkeley -square, from Paris; Lord Alexan citr Russell I , at th e D u k e of Bedford's, Belgrave-square, Ladrorn Italy ; th e M arquis of Headfort, in Halfmoou-street ; y Bulwer, in Hertford-strect, from Bath ; the Ma! quis of fitite, front a tour; Sir Belingham Graham, in Great .C,urnberland-street, from Cowes, Isle of Wight ; Lieut. 1.,"1. Campbell, Scots Flmilier Guards, in Dover street, with despatches from Quebec ; Mr. De Horsey, in Gros venc--streetn , from Cow es , I s l e of Wight; Lord Chas. Ma.iners, i the Albany, from reviewing the 11th Light Dragoons at Canterbury; Mrs. Otway Cave and family, ski Thomas's Hotel, Berkeleyquare, from a Continental tour ; the Countess of Minto and the Ladies Elliot, in the Admiralty, from Norwood ; Mr. Maule, in NVilton crtscent, from Birmingha m; the Hon. Mr. William Coventry and f am il y, in Wilton•street, and Mr s . from Wor cestershire. DEPARTURES. sEarl and Countes of Meath, from Fenton's Hotel, for tnaris ; Mir W. Davison, f rom di tto, for Germany; Col. " 4 Mrs. Ki n l oc h , from ditto, for Weymouth; °Earl of f.ttifolk, from ditto, for the North ; Lady Shaw Stewart, ~r °4l Upper Grosven or - street, on a visit to the Duke and Duches s of Somerset, at Wimbledon Park ; Mr. and Mrs. Malcolm and family, from Stanhope -street, Park-lane. for their s at, Duntroon Castle, N.B. ; Mr. Courtenay, M. P., °n a tour up the Rhine; Sir Thos. Levestre, for the Con tinent ; Sir Samuel and Lady Crompton, from the Carlton Hotel, Regent-street, for their seat in Yorkshire ; the Misses Howard, from Eccleston-square, for Ramsgate ; and the Hon. Mrs. Hope, from Montagu House, Whitehall, for Ditton Park, Henley-upon-Thames; Mr. and Lady Elisabeth Hope Vere and family, from Park lane, from Craigie Hall, near Edinburgh; the Baroness Bassett, from Dunst anv ill e H ouse, K nig htsbridge, for Tiled). Park, Truro, Cornwall. CHANGES. Viscount Ebrington and suite, from the Viceregal :Lodge, Dublin, on a visit to Lord and Lady Eleanor Courtcnay, at Newcastle, County Limerick ; Lord Fre derick and Lady Augusta Fitzelirence at Etat House, Berwick-upon-Tweed, from Buxton, Derbyshire ; Lord and Lady Adare, at Dunraven Castle, Glamorganshire, from a tour ; the Marquis and Marchioness of Tweeddale and th, Ladies Hay, from the scat of the Earl of Dal h?LtiNe, Dalhousie Caste, for Yester House, near Had diript(Jri ; Lords William and Charles Harvey, from the f;'.t. Hotel, Leamington Spa ; C oun t Ch ar l es an d cl ,r l . l %tes Pozzo di Borgo, from the h o t e l o f C ount P ozzo 1 1 org o at Paris, on a visit to the Duke ansi Duchess de ; the Duke and Duchess of Cleveland and suite, at !iarien Paden, from Frankfort-on-the -Maine ; Lord and Lady Suuthampton, at Malta, from a tour in Egypt ; Lady I)Ynevor, and the Hon. Mi ss Ri ce, at B arrington -park, lo u , •estershire, f rom Ch e l ten h am ; the Marquis of Granby and Lord Jo W hn Manners, from Paris, for G 1.20 rd Mcreton, at oodehester Park, from Oxford ; ermany: Lord H" s l) , 'ne er , at Althorp Park, from ditto ; Lady Catherine alkett and family, at Brighton ; Lady Catherine Howard, Larlt Wort:lin g ; the Earl and Countess of Carlisle and th e Uoward, at Rome, from Venice. 14 A RQUIS OF LONDONDERRY. Ata ‘ r V e r to bring respectfully under the notice of the hiy .ta of Londonderry, a report which deeply affects e _c J aracter, not mer e ly as an o ffi cer i n the Queen ' s scr an,e, but a a dutiful subject of her Majesty. The report, '1:1 1 : had o b ta i ned general circulation, is, that at the B:te.ldfete given t o t h e Q ueen by the Duke of Somer ' 4- W:inb!edon, on Wednesday last, the Noble and Lall ans all ant Marquis unit occasion to o ff er a mar k e d i nsu l t to J'' 6 0verei gn by not rising fr om hi s seat when her Ma 's health was proposed. Notwithstanding the general enthuviasrn of the moment this conduct of his Lordship is sai d to have fixed the attervion of several persons Lear him, so much as almost to provoke a remonstrance from them on the spot. Be it remembered that this was no House (l u, :nrr at th e C arlton Club, where we are assured the e tken is always to treat the fallion that Mr. Quern's n ame i n t h e same r. Saldin. Lord Bam's -son and Politi ca l pupil, wasp said to g have outrage rough d the ste na p me of the Queen Dowager at a public dinner. With respect to Lord Lo udonderry, for whom, as an intrepid soldier, we enter 9tain the highest possible admiration, we have oyly to say !"t it will afford us infinite pleasure to he able to relieve him from this serous invutation now cast upon him in all !Ivor:ors. It is, in fact, the common talk of all the Clubs 'n Lndon. —Observer. sinee the a b ove was in print the following letter has us.r.n published : -- TO THE EDITOR OF THE OBSERVER. " Sir,—/ h ave " Holdernesse-house, July 23. repectruliy' brough t k under my notice, that I had taken rising froma wh ed insult to my Sovereign, by not my seat her Alajesty's health was pro posed at the fete at Wimebnl " I had hoped th at my ed l "' lovalt-y aong services as a soldier, my known enthusiastic ould have prevented party . soec! for the female cilara eter s . a. C onservative, and my r e _ rtu,'.ice, political slander, o r p a i n w me g os sip, from attempting t 4 fix such an imputation upon :` I cannot tence in the dark, nor answer the habitual I do t . those who op_ of the Government Press a P , se them as honestly and fearlessly a g s " But, if any person shall openly assert that I did not stand up during the tune her Majesty's health I declar e it to be a base and infamous f alsehood '' , 43 drunk ' n," As your p a p er w ill no t a pp ear again until Sunday xt, and as I do not choose to remain during that interval un4 r such a charge as that to which you have given cur re_n,eY, I shall send a copy of this letter to the daily jour "-us for i mmediate insertion therein. '` I am, Sir, your very obedient humble servant. " VANE LONDONDERRY.. Ti t L n , _E; ...ARG E YORKSHIRE ESTATE.-S . ir . Be -1,-gr.arn Graham'i hip. estate in the North Riding pf hurir, shire, called Nunnin,gton, including two thousand six hug red acres of rich land, and a rental of four thousand ur hundred pounds a . ear, was sold by Mr. Gerge bi '‘. on Saturday, for o 3 ne hundred and fifty thousand e 9, rez!nrcrs, the timber subject to the usual valuation. T r h n. ta..:ent discussion upon the propriety of altering the Co . . -, h as through the season evidently had its influence ; ` n the present case it should seem that the idle notion of I. tain 'im ri g the agricultural interest has ceased to be enter ic the ,any longer. Mr. Rutson, of the county of York, that'h:uYer. This is the third lare estate in Yorkshire s recently lit • changed hands through the instrumenta .l' of , 1 ., 1 h r 0 G o a ., ro ge Robins, %ix. . The N;'hitmell fur 180 000 guineas; , hitwell for 101,500 guineas ; and lastly, I he Nu • ' nnington, for 150,000 guineas. acres. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) SUNDAY, HALF .PAST ONE O'CLOCK, P.M. The only subject of conversation here is the probable result of the approaching trials. I have canvassed the opinions of men of intelligence belonging to all parties, and theyinvariably declare that the peace of Birmingham and the surrounding districts depends upon the verdicts that may be given and the sentences that may be passed. A detachment of the Rifle corps has been marched into Warwick Castle, aril will remain there until the trials terminate. A squad of the London police has also received orders to repair to Warwick. These precau tions are extremely ',necessary, as it is the intention of several Chartists from Coventry, Leamington, Dudley, &c., besides tipise of Birmingham, to proceed to that town and remain in it to await the result. I visited Holloway Head this morning, and regret to say that I never witnessed any thing so strongly evinced as wer e th e ill e ff ec t s o f t h e a tt e mpt wineli is making here by th e au th or iti es t o s tifle public opinion by the suppressions of the meetings which have been customarily held in th a t place. The people did not assemble as usual in large numbers, but m solitary groups of tens and fifteens. Each group had its speaker, who was occasionally in:.errupted by the interlocutory remarks of his auditory. Those remarks had reference to the attempt making to render them dumb, to the approaching trials, and in no few instances to the mak ing the purchase or Lille sale of rifles and double-bar relled guns. The poilice, some in uniform, others in coloured clothes, with a Magistrate appeared on the ground. The Tory tricks to induce the Chartists to sign the petition to the Queim for a repeal of the Charter of Incorporation, has proved a complete failure. They have obtained a few of the latter to sign, but the majo rity spurn their olid tyrants. Ido not think that the Chartists would d ecru themselves secure to receive even the Charter from , . the Tories—" Timeo Danaos et dona ftrentes" is their reply when the Tory hand of friend ship is extended. A Royal Pr oclamation has been issued, offering a reward of fifty pounds and a free pardon to all persons except the acoAal incendiaries, who shall give such evi dence as will lead to the detection of the men who fired Mr. Wliittall's premises. This reward is in addi tion to the 50/. already offered by the Magistrates. All the precautions hitherto taken by the autho rities against fresh disturbances, are still rigidly adhered to. The assizes commence to-morrow at War wick, and 120 Jurors have been summoned. Messrs. Lovett and Collins will not be surrendered by their bail until the day of their trial, which will, it is sup posed, take place, on Thursday. THE AGRICULTURAL LABOUR- ERS AND THE CORN-LAWS. The following letter, which was addressed to the De legation whilst in London, sets at rest the question so far as the labourers' interests are concerned. Let the worst of the chimerical fears of the landlords be rea lized, and it is plain that the labourers will not suffer from the total repeal of the Corn-laws : " To the Chairman of the Anti-Corn-law Delegates, Brown's Hotel, Palace-yard, Westminster. " Sir,--It appears to be a favourite argument with the supporters of the present Corn-laws, that if these laws were repealed the land (at least the poor land) would be thrown out of cultivation and the labourers out of employment. " The following narrative of facts (which may not be generally known) may tend to show that such would not be necessarily the case. " The parish of Cholesbury, in Buckinghamshire, had, in the year 1832„ been for a short time thrown out of cultivation, the farmers abandoned their farms, ' the landlords their rents, the clergyman his tithes, the gates were taken off the hinges and the fields thrown open to the common, in consequence of the increase of pauperism having consumed the whole of the produce, and consequently the labourers were wholly out of em ployment, and applied in a body to the Rev. Mr. Jeston, the clergyman, for advice, having no food, or the meons of obtaining any. He supplied them for a few days from his own private purse, and applied to . the bench of Magistrates for a rate in aid, which, for a short time, he obtained from the neighbouring parishes ; but this state of things could not continue long. Mr. Jeston gave it as his opinion that if the laid, or a part of it, was divided among tne labourers, in proportion to their families, they would he enabled, witb., ,ome assistance, to obtain a living from it. " A portion of the parish was soon after purchased by the Labourers' Employment Society, in London, and allotted among the resident labourers, in parcels of from one to six acres, according to the number of their respective families. " Having heard the circumstances in which this pa rish was placed from the Report of the Commissioners of Inquiry into the Administration of the Poor-laws, and other sources, I visited the parish with a friend in September, 1834, when the labourers had been in possession of their allotments for about one year ; and at that time a great part of the land was in a bad con dition. On our return to London, we were requested by the Secretary of the Society to make a report of our visit to Cholesbury, which we did, narrating what we had observed, offering to the Society our opinions of the success of the experiment, and suggesting certain regulations which appeared to us likely to advance that object ; but as these suggestions were not acted on, it is unnecessary here to state them. For our sugges tions we received the thanks of a committee of the Society. " Pour years elapsed, and on the 24th of July, 1838, we again visited Cholesbury to ascertain what progress had been made, when we ascertained the following facts, which may be found of value as illustrating some of the evils that have arisen from ignorance in directing the powers of society, and some of the benefits that must result to the community from a wise direction of these powers. " When we arrived at Cholesbury we found that our predictions had been verified, for the persons to whom single acres had been allotted (who were all single men), had all given them up, proving the necessity of placing individuals on the land with sufficient means at their command for the full exercise of their industry, and under arrangements to secure to them their subsistence. The holders of the largest lots (who were all married men, with families) have all been successful in improv ing the land and their own condition ; and on some of the worst parts of the estate we found fine crops of wheat, barley, and oats growing, while each had his cow grazing on the common ; and one, who has six acres, had also a pony, and nine good pigs in his stye ; his land is well cultivated, and yet his time is not fully occupied, for when we arrived at Cholesbury he was out at work for a neighbouring farmer, which proves that a very small portion of the labour of an individual is necessary to raise his food from the earth, leaving ample time for mental and moral improvement, recrea tion, and rest. " It may be here observed that, when the greatest distress prevailed at Cholesbury, the land was held by two individuals ; while now, in its greatest prosperity, no one of the labourers occupies more than six or seven " In 1801 Cholesbury had but one pauper in a popu lation of 135 ; in 1832 it was charged with the support of 119 paupers out of a population of 139, when the land, as before stated, was abandoned, from which wretched state it has been so far improved in the sub sequent four years, that hut three paupers, when we hist visited it, belonged to the parish, who are all females, d• sabled from industry by nge ; while at this time the labourers are pa3ing a rate of twelve shillings in the pound towards the support of the other parishes of the union to which the Poor-law Commissioners have assigned them, proving the evils that may be incurred by a misdirection of the productive powers of industry, and the benefits resulting from a wise application of our resources ; proving, also, that the poorer soils would not necessarily go out of cultivation if the Corn-laws were abolished ; and, also, that no Poor rates would be requisite in agricultural districts if proper means were adopted, as at Cholesbury ; and it requires no gift of prophecy to foret-I that the landed proprietors would let such land to the labourers at a moderate rent, rather than keep them in idleness or in the union workhouse. Yours, &c., " JAS, BRABY. 6, Gloucester-place, Kentish Town, " March 14, 1839." On Friday afternoon an accident occurred in Bridge-street, Blackfriars, which was attended by serious and nearly fatal consequences. It appears that Mr. Hill, a corn dealer, residing in Red Lion -street, Holborn, had put a fresh coach horse into one of his carts to try how it would work in single harness. The horse was coming over Mackfriars-bridge, drawing a heavy weight, when the chain which locked the wheel gave way, and the animal, being overpowered, started off, and came in contact with a gig. A young man who saw the danger had run forward and seized the bearing rain to draw the animal on one side ; but almost at the instant the cart came in violent contact with a lamp pest at the corner of Water-street, partially jamming the young man in between. The post was broken in two by the concussion, and the horse was so much hurt that it could not proceed on its journey. FA VERSHAM.—During the gale of wind on Thursday last, a small vessel belonging to this place, with uncertainty they have great distress. Apprehensions for their safety were enter tained tfh; Cel:oualtenh7deesttwaerore.sons on board, was driven out to sea in Haym u a e r k h s e t t o , B per formance. This,tcomedyo equal in f attraction Single L if t hee, famousa t the nper•hosemnisehewea:bpeyenthhsetaartde of, that an d after are six s afe days in t h o e f village Doctor, . w ith Paul Pry. T belong to a g laughter is incessant throughout its per the charming little drama of The amusement. rea ll y furnish a most delightful evening's A dog lost at Liverpool some timeentleman at Oswestry was withouta f a r g success. e e s l s t . s master some t i o m ff e e r aft e a r reward for its recovery he received a letter from knew the dog well in England ) l e:d in New York (who that d h the dog had arrived at his 'rouse, immediately recognize andiiis old dd master's bccome exceedingly comfortable in the soeietylmoi friend.—Shrewsbury Chronicle. BIRMINGHAM TILE NUN, LONDON, MONDAY, .ItiLY 2i, 183 D. HANOVER TO THE GERMANIC DIET. THE NEW MENT, ttiry ; may be mentioned as affording an instance of a magnesio-calciferous sandstone, resembling that of Mansfield, generally in good condition, after long eta posure to the influences of the atmosphere. Of buildings c onstructe d o f magnesian limestone we may mention the Norm an portions of Southwell Church. built of stone similar to that of Bolsover, and which are throughout in a perfect state, the mouldings and carved enrichments being as sharp as when first executed. The keep of Koningsburgh Castle, built of a magne sian limestone from the vicinity, is also in a perfect state, though the Joints of the masonry are open in con sequence of the decompositio n and disappearance of the mortar formerly within them. The Church at Hem mingborough, of the fifteenth century, constructed of a material resembling the stone from Huddlestone, does not exhibit any appearanc e of decay. Tickhill Church, of the fifteenth century, built of a similar material, is in a fair state of preservation. Huddleston e Hall, of the sixteenth century, constructed of the stone of the im mediate vicinity, is also in good conditio n . Roche Ab bey, of the thirteenth century, in which stone from the immediate neighbourhood has been employed, exhibits generally a fair state of preservation, although some portions have yielded to the of ects of the atmosp h ere. As examples of magnesian limestone buildings in a more advanced state of decay, we may notice the churches at York, and a large portion of the Minster ; Howden Church, Doncaster old Church, and others in that part of the country, many of which arc so much de composed that the mouldings, carvings, and other archi tectural decorations, are often entirely effaced. We may here remark that, ss far as our observations extend, in proportion as the stone employed in magne• sian limestone buildings is crystaline, so does it appear to have resisted the decomposing effects of the atmos phere ; a conclusion in accordance with the opinion of Professor Daniell, who has stated to us that from the results of experiments he is of opinion that " the nearer the magnesian limestones approach to equivalent pro portions of ca r b ona t e o f li me and car b onate of magnesia, the more crystalline and better they are in every respect." Of buildings constructed of oolitic and other limestones we may notice the Church of Byland Abbey, of the twelfth century, especially the west front, built of stone from the immediate vicinity, as being in an almost per fect state of preservation. Sandysfoot Castle, near Weymouth, constructed of Portland oolite in the time of Henry the Eight, is an example of that material in excellent condition ; a few decomposed stones used in the interior, and which are exceptions to this fact, being from another oolite in the immediate vicinity of the castle. Bow and Arrow Castle, and the neighbour ing ruins of a church of the fourteenth century, in the island of Portland, also afford instances of the Portland oolite in perfect condition. The new Church in the island, built in 1766 of a variety of the Portland stone termed roach, is in an excellent state throughout, even to the preservation of the marks of the chisel. Many buildings constructed of a material similar to the oolite of Ancaster, such as Newark and Grantham Churches, and other edifices in various parts of Lincoln shire, have scarcely yielded to the effects of atmospheric influences. Windrush Church, built of an oolite from the neighbouring quarry, is in excellent condition ; whilst the Abbey Church of Bath, constructed of the oolite in the vicinity of that city, has suffered much from decomposition ; as is also the case with the Cathedral, St. Nicholas and St. Michael's Churches in Gloucester, erected of a stone from the oolitic rocks of the neigh bourhood. The churches of Stamford, Ketton, Colley Weston, Kettering, and other places in that part of the country, attest the durability of the shelly oolite termed Barnack Rag, with the exception of those portions of some of them for which the stone has been ill selected. The excellent condition of those parts which remain of Glas tonbury Abbey, show the value of a shelly limestone similar to that of Doulting ; whilst the stone employed in Wells Cathedral, apparently of the same kind, and not selected with equal care, is in parts decomposed. The Mansion, the Church, and the remains of the Ab bey at Montacute, as also many other buildings in that vicinity, constructed of the li mes t one o f H am Hill, are in excellent condition. In Salisbury Cathedral, built of stone from Chilmark, we have evidence of the general durability of silicifero us limestone ; for, although the west front has somewhat yielded to the effects of the atmosphere, the excellent condition of the building gen erally is most striking. In the public buildings of Oxford we have a marked instance both of decomposition and durability in the ma terials employed ; for whilst a shelly oolite similar to that of Taynton, which is employed in the more ancient parts of the Cathedral, in Merton College, Chapel, &c., and commonly from the plinths, string courses, and exposed portions o f t h e o th er e difi ces i n t h at city, is generally in a good state of preservation, a calcareous stone from Heddington, employed in nearly the whole of the colleges, churches, and other public buildings, is in such a deplorable state of decay, that in many instances all traces of architectural decoration have disappeared, and the ashler itself is in many places deeply disinte• grated. THE BANK AND THE CURRENCY. To THE EDITOR OF THE SUN Silt,---The enclosed suggestions, for an improvement in our coinage, Vrefe etibmitted to Ministers in 1837. Foreseeing the evils which wOtild :Dm be brought upon the country through the mismanagement of the Bank of England, and our present impolitic monetary system and Mint regulations, I have frequently before en deavoured to call the attention of the Government and the publi c t o t hi s su bj ect, i n or d er t h at by timely mea sures those evils which are sure to arise might, as far as possible, be averted without departing from the old metallic standard of the country, which it is now, at all costs, determined to adhere to. Had the plan here recommended been adopted, the Bank Directors would at all times be better enabled to meet a demand for bullion when the exchanges are momentarily unfavourable, and at the same time preserve their proper proportion of bullion and coin, and if now adopted, it will diminish the pressure and prevent so great en ex tent of ruin and distress, which must inevitably follow the renewed efforts, imperative upon the Bank, to re plenish their stock, and restore the bullion and coin again to the due proportion compared with liabilities. It is believed by many, and there is little doubt of the fact, by calculation from the monthly Bank returns, that the total quantity of bullion and coin now in possession of the Bank is not equal to one-eighth of their liabili ties, or to 2s. 6d. in the pound ; whereas it ought to be equal to one-third, or to 6s. Bd. in the pound, as con fessed by themselves, when their Charter was renewed in 1833. In order again to attain that proportion, the Bank will have to accumulate from five to six millions of bullion and coin, in addition to their present very limited stock. From wh ence t hi s supply is to come, or what depreciation in the va l ue o f property and produc tions may again be brought about, in the struggle to obtain and retain it, or what may be the extent of ruin, misery, and disaffection produced thereby, or for what period of time the country must again be placed under the ban of adversity and suffering, it is difficult to foretell. No one who has witnessed and paid attention to the dreadful consequences of former similar operations on the part of the Bank, can contemplate the probable and ultimate results without regret and alarm. Tile measure here recommended might be sanctioned and acted upon before the present Sc_ssion of Parliament closes. It would be a great improvement, and would enable the Bank to recover and maintain, its proper and safe position, with less ruin and distress to the produc tive interests of the country, than by persevering in the present system of metallic circulation. The insertion of these suggestions and remarks in your paper, and calling the attention of your readers and the public to them may excite consideration and dis cussion upon a subject, which, at all times, and parti cularly at the present time, is of the most vital import ance to the prosperity and welfare of the country. I remain, your obedient servant, HENRY JAMES London, July 20, 1839. SUGGESTIONS FOR AN IMPROVMENT IN THE COINAGE, OR IN THE METALLIC CIRCULATION OF THE COUNTRY. SILVER COlNAGE.—Standard, 11-12 ths, fine.—To be coined into ounces, or crown pieces, to pass current for ss. each, or at the rate of 60s. from the pound weight of silver. These crown pieces to be legal tenslers to any amount. The Mint to be open to the public for the coinage of such silver money free of expense, and the banks to pay their promissory notes on demand in such silver money. The price of standard silver, 11-12ths, fine, would thus be kept steadily fixed at ss. the ounce, or 60s. the pound weight. GOLD COlNAGE.—Standard, 11-12ths, fine.—To be coined into ounces, half ounces, and quarter ounces, to pass current for 80s., 405., and 20s. each, being at the rate of 41. the ounce, or 481. from the pound weight of gold, and in the proportion of 1 of gold to 16 silver. These gold coins also to be legal tenders to any amount. Government to retain the coinage of gold. or to charge a seigniorage, or brassage, upon its coinage. The above regulations may be carried into effect with advantage to the country, without injury or inconveni ence to any, and with little or no extra expense to the Government. The impolicy of our present Mint regulations become more obvious every day. We are debarred under them the benefits we might otherwise derive from the import of silver bullion into the country, as in former times. The Mint being closed against the public for the coin age of silver, and silver not being kept at a fixed rate at our Mint, and having a tendency to fall in price, measured in gold, is highly injurious to commerce and industry ; and if an alteration should not take place, the evil will increase every year. It has frequently been regretted that the coins of the several nations had not been made and continued of equal divisions of weights. In early times this was the case in most countries. In England, and in France, the £ sterling, and the Livre, were originally pounds in weight. By the sth Edward VI. (1551), and the Ist Mary (1553), the crown, or five-shilling piece was an ounce of silver 11-12ths fine, and 1-12th alloy, the same in weight and fineness as here proposed to coin it. Upon this subject, Harris in his "Essays on Money," part ii. p. 9, says :—" It is much to be wished that our silver and gold coins were of the same fineness, one with the other, for then the respective values might have been the more easily compared. This would have been the case if the silver standard of 11 ounces fine, had been continued as it was settled by Queen Mary." In France the gold and silver coins are of the same purity, or standard, viz.: 9-10ths fine, and 1-10th alloy. In England our gold coins are 11-12ths fine, and our silver coins 11 oz. 2 dwts. fine, and 18 dwts. alloy. No good reason has ever been assigned why there should be this trifling difference in the alloy in the gold and silver coins, but there are many good reasons why the stand ard fineness of the respective coins should be the same. With 1-12th alloy our coins will be of finer standard than the coins of most other countries. Silver being the great medium of exchange, and the universal measure of value throughout the commercial and civilized worli, it is desirable it should be restored as the measure of value in this country also, and kept at a fixed price by our Mint regulations, leavin g go ld free as in o th er countries. Under the regulations here proposed the gold coins would circulate in unison with the silver coins, and may be also legal tenders to any amount, giving the country the advantage of a wider basis of metalic circulation, gold and silver together, to meet the exigencies of the country and the views and wishes of all. With regard to the coinage of gold, or the seignior age, or brassage, to be taken upon the gold coins, or the price to be paid by the Mint for standard gold, this may require more particular explanation. The predominating gold coin would be the 20s. piece, or the sovereign, or by whatever other more ap propriate name it may be called, weighing new from the Mint 120 grains, or one quarter of an ounce ; very few of any other description of gold coins may be re quired. The price of bullion, as quoted for some time past, in the London Price Currents, has been standard gold 775. 9d., and standard silver 4s. I lid. to 4s. Hid. the oz. At these rates the proportionate value of fine gold to fine silver is as 1 to 15 8-10ths within a small fraction. Standard silver 11-12ths fine being fixed at the Mint at ss. the ounce, would, in the same propor tion of value, bring standard gold up to 795. the ounce. The gold coins being made at the rate of 80s. from the ounce, the difference between the value of gold in the coins and gold in bullion would be Is. the ounce, and this would indicate what should be the proper sum to charge for the seigniorage, or brassage, upon the gold coinage ; or, which is tantamount to the same thing, that the Mint should pay to the public 795. the ounce for standard gold, reserving Is. the ounce for the ex penses of coinage. By the 43d Elizabeth, 10d. the ounce, or 10s. the pound weight, was charged for the coinage of gold, and at other periods much more has been charged. By an Act of last Session a credit or fund has been provided for the purchase of bullion by the Mint. It is, on many accounts, advisable that bullion taken there for coinage should be paid for on demand, or as soon after demand as the same can be assayed and valued. With the present Mint Establishment the expenses F PA RLIA_- The respectful Represcntafon of the whole Magistracy of the City of Hanover, concerning their Protest against the so-called Assembly of the States in :he Second Chamber. The Undersigned Magistracy of the City of Hanover belong to those Corporations which have considered the Royal Patent of the let of November 1837 an act which partially and unlawfully injured the dearest rights of single Corporations and of the whole country, and they have never wavered in that opinion. To explain and defend this opinion, which has al ready been done by numerous representations, would be ' here unnecessary. It is sufficient to state that the Magistracy of Hanover have ever abided by the validity of the Constitution founded on the fundamental Law of 1833, that they have never departed from that opinion, Dare placed their Protests consequent thereon in proper time on the records of the Second Chamber of the As sembly of the States ; and have for the same reason lately declined by the non-election of a Deputy for the City to take a part in the proceedings of that Chamber. This decision of the Magistracy is so well known to the Cabinet of his Majesty, and to the country at large, that no doubt can exist on the subject. Such a line of conduct, they hoped, would, for the time, satisfy the just demands of their own city, and of the deeply injured country. This solemn and effective proceeding, though ap parently deficient in activity, seemed best to answer the exigencies of the moment ; and the Magistracy were gra tified by being able to avoid more positive steps, as it would have been extremely painful to them directly to complain of, and oppose any particular acts of; his Ma jesty's Government. Aware of their duty as subjects, and duly weighing their peculiar position in the country as the Magistrates of its capital, they deemed it most conducive to the general interest., of the people, to give to the whole country, by the scrupulous observance of the laws, an example of quiet self-possession, and o a moderate modest resistance. These feelings of the undersigned are still unchanged, and if they now, following the example of other cities and corporations, di-.eetly address the Germanic Diet, they are compelled to this step only by the most press ing and most lamentable circumstances. The Second Chamber, called together by the Royal Patent of t}-.e 7th of January, 1839, was in the outset unlikely to become complete ; but at length the Cabinet succeeded in bringing together the requisite numbe r of persons (and no more) to constitute the Assembly. Almost all the former Deputies belong i.ag to the opposition, were excluded (where they did not themselves decline taking seats in an unlawful Assembly) by an order, which cannot be lawful, as no law prescribes that only such representatives are to be chosen as recognize the validity of that Constitution ac cording to which the States are convoked. It is well known, and need not be detailed, that promises and threats affecting the prosperity, nay, the very existence of the voters and their families, were largely employed to influence the elections, but it is worthy of remark, as being a further and most clear violation of the law, that elections by a minority (where the majority declined to vote) were recognised as valid, that all the Deputies were allowed to take the oaths, and thereby enabled to vote, without any examination of their cre dentials or powers, and the few legally elected Deputies were forced to admit these individuals by having either the whole or the defective parts of the Protocols of the elections withheld from them. Thus an Assembly has been constituted, the members of which were they to look at themselves dispassionately, must avow theta selves to be the passive instruments of another's will, and either smile pityingly at their own nothingness, or be filled with indignation at their own disgraceful position. In this manner, all that justice, law, and custom have sanctioned, even that very Constitution upon which his Majesty relies and insists, and has de clared to be inviolable, has been denied and trod den under foot, and thus only could an Assembly be com pleted totally unworthy of the name of a Representative Chamber, void of all confidence, destitute of all public respect, and unrecognised by the country, and which has yet dared to come to conclusions which are to bind the people. To such a collection of persons, can any one to whom the honour and the rights of his country are dear, or who means well by his fatherland and his King, concede any right ? No ! not even the shadow of a right to influence the d earest i nterests of the country, or, in common with his Majesty's Government, to decide upon any measures which affect the people. If Government had left the cities and corporations to the exercise of their own free will and good sense, and had not done its utmost to lead them astray, by all kinds of artful tricks, nor cramped them in the open, explicit expression of their opinions, never, never would a suffi cient number of Deputies have been sent, the opposition of the whole entire country, to its present Government, would have been clearly apparent to all the world, and all foundation for the false assertion made to the Diet, " that the Constitution, (or rather the law of 1819), was in acknowledged activity, and that the King and the States were consulting in peace and unity upon the affairs of the country," would he entirely wanting. To meet the above false assertion, put forth with so much boldness, and all the equally erroneous deduc tions drawn from the sitting of the Second Chamber, and to deny its validity —as being entirely void, deficient in the character of the Constitutional Assembly of the States, is the object of the present appeal to the Diet. The Magistracy with the consent, and at the distinctly expressed wish of the representatives of the citizens (Burger Representanten) takes this only peaceable means in their power to secure the country at large, and their own immediate city in particular, against the decisions of the now sit ting, so-called Assembly of the States, it being a com pletely unlawful body, kept is apparent valid activity only by means as contrary to law as to custom ; and they declare once more that they recognise the Repre sentative Constitution founded on the fundamental law of 1833, as the only valid and existing one, and they respectfully pray, that the Diet will take the sacred, but deeply and violently invaded rights of the people under its protection, and to procure for them the restoration of their Constitution, which has been partially and un warrantably taken from them. Indeed, if the Diet inquire into, and consider the present unhappy state of the country, the pressing ne cessity for speedily ending its lawless and insecure position, cannot escape its wisdom. All political relations are disturbed ; the Adminis tration has neither power nor authority ; Ministers possess neither influence over, nor the confidence of, the country; the servants of the State generally are discon• tented and wavering ; their former high character for un impeachable honesty is at stake ; the internal peace of the country is fled ; intrigue, mistrust, and secret spies have taken its place ; family ties are rent asunder by violent differences in political opinion, and the general agitation, whatever may be said to the contrary, and however convincing the external appearance of quiet may seem, is threateningly increasing day by day. And all this in a country celebrated for its unshaken loyalty towards its ancient hereditary Princes ! Truly it is worthy of a better fate than has been meted out to it by its present ruler. How eagerly was the arrival of the King looked forward to ! How many high hopes were founded on the continued presence of the Sove reign ! And almost all have vanished unfulfilied ! Not that the people undervalu e the noble qualities of their Sovereign, which might be ornaments to any Prince; not that the people doubt the honest wish of his Ma jesty to make his people happy, for who could expect otherwise from a son of George the Third ? But they complain that the Government measures, recommended by the Cabinet, Laid pursued with obstinate and unde viating firmness, loosen all bonds of confidence, and pre vent that union between the Sovereign and his subjects which is their most ardent wish ; and they are sure that this wish can only be attained when a man is placed at the head of the Cabinet who is not led astray by par tial and narrow views—not given up to the interests of one class only—who does not despise the citizens and the mass of the people—and who possesses, and de serves to possess, the confidence of the country. The people demand only the protection of their rights, and will readily and most willingly concede all just claims of their Sovereign, even though at the cost of the greatest sacrifices. If his Majesty could be persuaded, guided by the paternal wish to restore peace and quiet to his people, to call together the States, according to the Constitu tion of 1833, protesting, at the same time (if he so pleased), against those clauses which were objected to in the patent of Nov. 1, 1837, and to consider with this lawful Assembly the alterations which he deems neces sary in the Constitution before it can receive his sanc tion, a few short months would suffice to settle every difference, to restore peace, to fill all hearts with joy, and to pour blessings on the throne ! Would not such a consummation be worth purchasing at any price, by a Prince, in the evening of his days, that he might be upheld and cherished by the love of his people while living, and dying, leave so beautiful an in heritance to his only son and successor! May the longed-for decision of the Diet soon produce this result, so welcome to the people, and may this respectful prayer be deemed worthy of its consideration. Let the Diet consider in its wisdom, to what steps it may lead, and in the end must lead, if a nation is debar red from every lawful means of obtaining their good rights. On Friday morning Charles Brown, aged eight years, was leading by a halter a horse up and down Keppel. mews, when the animal suddenly backed upon him, and kicking out struck the child on the forehead. He fell bleeding and apparently lifeless, and one of the men em ployed in the mews ran with him to University College Hospital. His skull is so dreadfully that his recovery is not expected. In tl , e afternoon of the same day, a boy named Bryant, who was teasing a horse standing in Chan dos-street, Covent-garden, by pulling hair from his tail, received a kick which fractured his skull. He was con veyed to Charing-cross Hospital, Hopes are entertained of his recovery. Extract from a Report (addressed to the Commissioners of bar Majesty's Woods, Forests, Land Revenues NVorks, Buildi n , g dertaken und er the authority o the Loads Commis s) as e lof an Inquiry, un sioners of her Majesty's Treasury, by Charles Barry, 'F. De La Beebe, Esq., F.R.S, and F.G.S., William Smith, Esq., D.C.L. and F.G.S., and 'Mr. Charles H. Smith, with reference to the Selection of Stone for Building. the New Houses of Parliament. My Lorct and Gentlemen—ln conformity with your instructions we have the honour to report, that in the months of August, September, and October last we made a tour of inspection to various stone quarries in the kingdom, and visited numerous public buildings, with a view to the selection of a proper stone to be employed in the ere..tion of the New Houses of Parliament. We !lave also, its, further c omp li ance w i t h your i nstructions, procured fair averag e specimen of the workable stone from each of the quarries which we have visited, and have deposited cubes, prepared from such specimens, as well as from others which have been forwarded to us, in the Museum of Economic Geology. From the number of quarries which we have visited, we consider that we have been enabled to obtain a com petent knowledge of the varied character of each of the several classes of building stone in the kingdom which are likely to be suited to the object in view, although we are well aware that there are many other freestone quarries in various parts of the country which we have not examined, where stone of different varieties, in some cases, perhaps, not inferior to those which have been brought under our immrnediate inspection, may be ob tained. From many of such last-mentioned quarries we have received specimen blocks, and the requisite infor mation concerning them, since the completion of our tour. We have not considered it necessary to extend our inquiry to granites, porphyries, and other stone of similar character, on account of the enormous expense of converting it to building purposes in decorative edifices, and from a conviction that an equally durable and more eligible material could be obtained for the object in view from among the limestones or sandstones of the kingdom. We have, nevertheless, to acknow ledge the receipt of several specimens ofgranite, among which are some from the estates of the Marquis of Breadalbane, near Oban, in the west of Scotland, ac companied by a munificent offer on the part of his Lordship that, should the granite from that locality be considered fit and available for the proposed new Houses of Parliament, he would be willing to make a free gift to the nation of his interest in any quantity that might be required for the purpose. In order to render more complete the inquiry upon which we have been engaged, we have availed ourselves of the valuable assistance of Professors Daniell and Wheatstone, of King's College, London, in determin ing the physical properties of a large proportion of the specimens which we have obtained. In proof of the necessity and importance of the in- r i oiry upon which we have been engaged, the lamentable effects of decomposition observable in the greater part of the limestone employed at Oxford, in the magnesian limestone of the Minster, churches, and other public buildings at York, and in the sandstones of which the churches and other public buildings in Derby and Newcastle are constructed, afford, among numerous other examples, incontestible and striking evidence. The unequal state of preservation of many buildings often produced by the varied quality of the stone from the same quarry, employed in their construction, shows the propriety of a minute examination of the quarries themselves, in order to acquire a proper knowledge of the particular beds from whence the different varieties have been obtained. An inspection of quarries is also desirable for the purpose of ascertaining their power of supply, the probable extent of any given bed, and many other matters of practical importance. It frequently happens that the best stone in quarries is often neglected, or only in part worked, from the cost of baring and removing those beds with which it may be associated ; and, in consequence, the inferior material is in such cases supplied, especially when a great order is required to be fulfilled in a short space of time, and at an insufficient price, which is often the case with respect to works undertaken by contract. The effects of the chemical and mechanical causes of the decomposition of stone in buildings are greatly mo dified according as such buildings may be situated in town or country. The state of the atmosphere in popua lous smoky towns produces a greater amount of decom position in buildings so situated, all other condi tions being equal, than in those placed in an open country, where many of the aeriform products which arise from such towns, and are injurious to buildings, are not to be found. The chemical action of the atmosphere produces a change in the entire matter of the limestones, and in the cementing substance of the sandstones, according to the amount of surface exposed to view. The mecha nical action due to atmospheric causes occasions either a removal or a disruption of the exposed particles ; the former by means of powerful winds and driving rains, and the latter by the congelation of water forced into or absorbed by the external portions of the stone. These effects are reciprocal, chemical action rendering the stone liable to be more easily affected by mechani cal action, which latter, by constantly presenting new surfaces, accelerates the disintegrating effects of the former. Buildings in This climate are generally found to suf fer the greatest amount of decomposition on their southern, south-western, and western fronts, arising., doubtless, from the prevalence of winds and rains from those quarters ; hence it is desirable that stones of great tivrta r oio l al u g: bße r r nlaneyubsa: exercisei great firmlyl become t sa y nc. digo owing advantage ga l should utt situated protective established covered e v a eo t rs eleastthose tl oh se bee countryiemployed populous o appear lous such aspects. ppe in ar fr t o o nt p s os ' s v e it s h s and smoky lichens, flietsruhuetenhlhvce their e atheugnaa entire ini h rose e nt y ss,tu a hr l ae m flai o ocd s er ish i n n eia i rmh a y: causes of the de composition of the stone upon which they grow. As an instan ce o f the difference in degree of durabi lity in the same material subject to the effects of the atmosphere in town or country, we may notice the se veral frustra of columns and other blocks of stone which were quarried at the time of the erection of St. Paul's Cathedral in London, and are now lying in the Island of Portland, near the quarries from whence they were obtained. These blocks are invariably found to be covered with lichens, and although they have been ex posed to all the vicissitudes of a marine atmosphere for more than 1.50 years, they still exhibit beneath the lichens their original form, even to the marks of the chisel employed upon them, whilst the stone which was taken from the same quarries (selected no doubt with equal if not greater care than the blocks alluded to) and placed in the Cathedral itself, is, in those parts which are exposed to the south and south-west winds, found in many instances to be fast mouldering away. Colour is of more importance in the selection of a stone for a building to be situated in a populous and smoky town than for one to be placed in an open coun try, where all edifices usually become covered, as above stated, with lichens ; for although in such towns those fronts which are not exposed to the prevailing winds and rains will soon become blackened, the remainder of the building will constantly exhibit a tint depending upon the natural colour of the material employed. Before we proceed to adduce a few examples of the present condition of the various buildings that we have examined, we would wish to observe, that those which are highly decorated, such as the churches of the Nor man and pointed styles of architecture, afford a more severe test of the durability of any given stone, all other circumstances being equal, than the more simple and less decorated buildings, such as the castles of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, inasmuch, as the material employed in the former class of buildings is worked into more disadvantageou s forms than in the latter, as regards exposure to the effects of the weather; and we would further observe, that buildings in a state of ruin, from being deprived of their ordinary protec tion of roofing, glazing of windows, &c., constitute an equally severe teat of the durability of the stone em ployed in them. As examples of the degree of durability o f var i ous building s t ones i n p ar ti cu l ar localities, the following may be enumerated. Of the sandstone buildings which we examined we may notice the remains of Ecclestone Abbey, of the thirteenth century, near Barnard Castle, constructed of a stone closely resembling that of the Stenton Quarry, in the vicinity, as exhibiting the mould ings and other decorations, even to the dog"s tooth orna ment, in excellent condition. The cir cu l ar K eep of Barnard Castle, apparently also built of th e same mate rial, is in fine preservation. 'l 'intern Abbey may a l so be noticed as a sandstone edifice that h as to a consider able extent resisted decomposition ; for, a l t h ough i t is decayed in some parts, it is nearly perfect in others. Some portions of Whitby Abbey are likewise in a per fect state, whilst others are fast yielding to the effects of the atmosphere. The older portions of Ripon Ca thedral, constructed of sandstone, are in a fair state of preservation. Rivaulx Abbey is anoth er goo d example of an a nc i e nt s andstone building in a fair condition. The Norman keep of Richmond Castle, in Yorkshire, affords an instance of a moderately hard san d stone, which h as we ll res isted decomposition. As examples of sandstone building - s of mo re recen t date, in a goo d s t a te of preservation, we may mention Hardwicke Hall, Haddon Hall, and all the buildings of Craigleith stone in Edinburgh and its vicinity. Of sandstone edifices in an advanced state of decomposi tion we may enumerate Durham Cathedral, the churches at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Carlisle Cathedral, Kirkstall Abbey, and Fountains Abbey. The sandstone churches of Derby are also extremely decomposed ; and the church of St. Peter's at Shaftesbury is in such a state of decay, that some portions of the building are only prevented from falling by means of iron ties. As an example of an edifice constructed of a calci ferous variety of sandstone, we may notice Tisbury Church, which is in unequal fandition,:the mouldings and other enrichments being in a perfect state, whilst the ashler, apparently selected with less care, is fast mouldering away. The choir of Southwell Church, of the twelfth con - In Spotforth Castle we have a striking example of unequal decomposition of two materials, a magnesian limestone and a sandstone ; the former employed in the decorative parts, and the latter for the ashler or plain facing of the walls. Although the magnesian lime. stone has been equally exposed with the sandstone to th e decomposing effects of the atmosphere, it has re mained as perfect in form as when first employed, while the sandstone has suffered considerably from the effects of the decomposition. In Chepstow Castle may be observed a magnesian limestone in fine preservation, and a red sandstone in an advanced state of decomposition, both having been ex posed to the same conditions as parts of the same arch ways ; and in Bristol Cathedral we have a cu ious in stance of the effects arising from the intermixture of very different materials, a yellow limestone and a red sand stone, which have been indiscriminately employed both for the plain and decorative parts of the building. Not only is the appearance in this case unsightly, but the ar chitectural effect of the edifice is also much impaired by the unequal decomposition of the two materials, the limestone having suffered much less from decay than the sandstones. Judging, therefore, from the evidence afforded by buildings of various dates, there are many varieties of sandstone and limestone employed for building purposes which successfully resist the destructive effects of atmos pheric influences ; among these, the sandstones of Sten ton, Whitby, Tintern, Rivaulx, and Craigleith, the magnesio-calciferous sandstones of Mansfield, the calci ferous sandstone of Tisbury, the crystalline magnesian limestones, or dolomites, of Bolsover, Huddlestone, and Roche Abbey, the oolites of Byland, Portland, Ind A ncaster, the shelly oolites and limestone of Barnack and Ham Hill, and siliciferous limestone of Chilmark, appear to be amongst the most durable. To thee, which may be all considered as desirable building materials, we are inclined to add, though they may not always have the evidence of ancient buildings in their favour, the sand stones of Darley Dale, Humbie, Longannet, and Crow bank, the magnesian limestones of Robin Hood's Well, and the oolite of Ketton. If, however, we are called upon to select a class of stone for the more immediate object of our inquiry, we should give the preference to the limestones, on account of their more general uniformity of tint, their compara tively homogeneous structure, and the facility and eco nomy of their conversion to building purposes ; and of this class we should prefer those which are most chrys talline. In conclusion, having weighed to the best of our judgment the evidence in favour of the various building stones which have been brought under our consideration, and freely admitting that many sandstones as well as limestones possess very great adv a nta g e s as building materials, we feel bound to state that for durability, as instanced in Southwell Church, &c., and the results of experiments, as detailed in the accompanying tables ; for crystalline character, combined with a close approach to the equivalent proportions of carbonate of lime and carbonate of magnesia ; for uniformity in structure ; facility and economy in conversion ; and for advantage of colour, the magnesian limestone, or dolomite, of Bol sover Moor* and its neighbourhood, is in our opinion the most fit and proper material to be employed in the pro posed new Houses of Parliament. We have the honour to be, my Lord and Gentlemen, Your very humble and obedient servants, (Signed) CHARLES BARRY. H. T. DE DA BECHE. WILLIAM SMITH. CHARLES H. SMITH. London, March 16, 1839. Bolsover is a small market town situated in Derbyshire, on the borders of the county of Nottingham, and about 145 miles from London. _EVENING EDIZON-,_ i 1 of silv er , 11-12 t h s fi ne, i nto crown p i eces at sV i t,lre outie,a 4 ,l I would give t o th e c i rcu l at i on o f the count a i np a i e i enlarged metallic basis. We should have tb "4kot.: — , silver as coin which is brought into the co V - bhL. l - which we are now deprived of through our present im— politic Mint regulations. The importers of silver, in return for goods exported, could then calculate upon a fixed price and steady market, instead of being compelled to sell their silver at a reduced price for re-exportation. Gold in bullion being kept, by the Mint regulations, at somewhat below the value of gold in the coins, would tend to preserve the gold coins in the country and in , circulation, as they would not pay to melt, and there ' would be little or no demand for them for exportation. The Banks having the privilege of paying either in gold coins, or in silver crown pieces, would tend to guard against alarms or panics in future. t The Bank of England and the other Banks might also in certain cases have the option of paying in ingots, • of gold or silver, goaranteed by the Mint mark or stamp upon them, at the Mint price. This, when a demand takes place for bullion for exportation would prevent, or diminish, the action upon the coins, and thereby econo mise the expenses of coining. For exportation, in most ' cases, ingots would be preferred. It would &so tend to preserve a greater steadiness in prices and a more regular demand for labour, bene ficially to the labouring classes, and by having a full I supply of good sterling silver money they would be paid in it, instead of being frequently classed together and forced into public houses or shops to obtain change, often to their injury and that of their families. The paper money may be better regulated to guard against ruinous fluctuations for the time to come, by the banks having the power to pay in both metals, instuad of being restricted to gold alone. _ . HENRY JAMES. October 3d, 1837. SEIZURE FOR CHURCH-RA.TBS- (FROM A CORRESPONDENT.) A circular spring dial, belonging to Dr. Epps, 89, Great Russell -street, was seized, on the 24th of July, under a warrant, signed Edward Bellasis, for Church rates, for expenses incurred for music, repairs, and or namenting the parish church of St. George, Bloomsbury. This parish is blessed with a Select Vestry, under a Bill, passed by Lord John Russell, (it being his father's parish) which Select Vestry, although the Act autho rizes that the seat rents and the burial fees be ap propriated for the purposes to which Church-rates are applicable, manage so that the wealthy and pious people who have seats in the parish church, among whom is Mr. Spottiswoode, who has realized an immense fortune by:printing the Bible at an enormous profit, (see evidence before the Bible Printing Committee) do not pay On scat rents sufficient, with the aid, too, of the burial fees, to repair their own places of worship. THE SALE AT ATHENS. The Hellenic government encourages whatever may - tend to the improvement of the kingdom, either by intro duction of capital, or of the knowledge and arts of Western Europe. The laws and ordinances which have been promulgated have this especial tendency, and amongst others, care has been taken to establish registration of all documents re lating to land, so as to render the titles to it perfectly se. cure and free from dispute and litigation. Greece is destined by her geographical position, to ex ercise a great influence over the commerce of Europe, although, at present, her share of importance is but very secondary in that respect. Limited by Asia, Central Europe, and Africa, almost surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea, peopled with sai lors, and favoured with a beautiful. climate, this country would long since have become rich by its agricultural in dustry and commerce, had she not been laid waste and depopulated by the unintelligent domination of the Turks. Greece, formerly so flourishing, has but lately been re leased from bondage ; since her liberation, she has been able only to prepare herself for a new existence. Thus circumstanced, she has already performed much, by merely falling into habits of order and industry, under the school ing lessons of fromO l d E G u r r o o o p o e n , wsbnon such o r s b t e g r c n e n i i vnegd is by a t t k b e e n boyfeg, good promise. There is ample field to enlarge on the merits of this classical and highly interesting country, the reminiscences associated with which are so peculiarly calculated to inspire the scholar, the man of genius and taste, that it may be superfluous to expatiate further in illustration of the sub ject, as every gentleman, doubtless, will be so well versed in ancient lore, and in Grecian history in particular, as to render unnecessary any further attempt to elucidate these matters. The English and French Governments are now united in their endeavour to elevate Greece into a high position with kingdoms of importance, and by the aid o f the national Banks which are now in active progress— will give a consequence—a tone and charact er to Athens, which in its ambitious mood it scarcely dared to contemplate. of coining silver into ounces, or crown pieces, would not be fine lad, about be great, and large quantities could be rapidly struck off ; the present silver coins continuing to pass as they and He place. er O twh n ae s Thursday,cAoa gi scarcelytl en t leinrms about :ttilh 1v water the 1 oneo waso •elo e k , a now do. The expenses of the new gold coins, gradually ten years of age, was drowned _ on the Surrey and west side Blackfriars Bridge.. He got on some timber that is in recoining the old, would be amply covered by the seig- o f the water, near the stairs, and undressed himself to bathe. when be was seen to sink, niorage, or brassage, to be charged thereon. The seigniorage, or brassage, to be taken by the barges near gave c a r n t i h m e m b e r d i l d •ate REENLAND WHALE FliNEßY.—Letters were Mint, or, perhaps more properly, the price to be paid rece i ve d i n th e c ity on Saturday from the Pentland Frith, by the Mint for standard gold, should be calculated uy pereived the occurrenc e , and baring taken o ff hi s coat, ge dated July 23, bringing the first accounts of th e w h a l e the officers at the Mint, regulated by Order in Council, boots, and hat, plunged into the wate - r, and swam to the fi s h er y a t G r eenland this season. The following are ex- and published monthly or quarterly in the Ga zelle ' spot where the child di sa pp eare d. H e soon discover e d tr ac t s : _..4 , The Whale ship Traveller, Captain Simpson, The p r i ce o nce p ro p er ly adju s ted, it might be man y after repeated divin g , th at t h e b o y was carried by the cur belonging to Peterhead, p asse d th roug h th e Pentland years before it would be necessary again to vary it. rent under some coal-barges, and having told the coal- Frith this (Tuesday) morning for Peterhead, with four By the proposed regulations, as well public as pri- whippers so, they much to their praise, instantly unmoored fish. The Traveller left Greenland on the 14th instant, vats creditors • . .•-, an tried all their to recover the d - ' in power and Captain Simpson reports the following vessels, viz.— will be paid in money of greater intrinsic the barges value than they would have been entitled to under the body. Finding all their efforts useless, drags were sent Joseph Green, three fish; Gleaner, two; Resolution, old Mint laws. From the 43d Elizabeth (1600), t o for and the body was found in about 20 minutes. It is two; Eclipse, eight; Superior, three; Union, one : Per- severance, Ranger, and Mary, clean; Commerce, f our e t the 56th Geor ge 3d (1816), the Mint price of stan- scarcely nec ess a r y t o a dd th a t lif e was ext i nct . fish: all these ships belong to the port of Pete r h ea d. dard silver w as s s . 2d. the ounce , , and, except for a ANOTHER FATAL ACCIDENT ON THE LIVER. Captain Simpson reports the Monarch of Montr ose , to short pe r i o d, th e s il ver money so coined, of full we ig h t, pool. AND MANCH E S TER RA ILWA Y. —A l a b ourer em pl o yed have had four fish when be loft Greenland, and th a t a ll t h e was a l ega l ten d er to an y amount. 20 shillings of suc h on the railway, named John Warburt o n, w a s killed near the Chat Moss Tavern, on Tuesday night. lt a p ee p n ev a r t s vessels were preparing to make sail homewards. The Tra- silver money then contained 1,718 grains of fine silver. I J yeller landed twelve of her crew at Huila, who afterwards By the system of coinage here recommended, ` ) 0 shil- that_ the deceased, witht wooth i e i r ad men who hadtheir b labour, work the line, after they finished proceeded to Stromness in one of the fishing smacks." f h h mselves. lings will contain 4 ounces of standard silver 11-12ths At Queen-square police-office, on Thursday, fine, or 1,750 grains of fine silver, being 42 grains of went to the Chat Moss Tavern to rc res t e J ames Morris, a sweep, about twelve years of age, was fi ne s il ve r, or nearly 2 :i per cent more valuable than h ou r s aft er th e regular trains had passed that spot. As They stopped there till eleven o'clock at night, some charged with stealing that compound of lettuce-leaf and the old silver standard. The 20 shilling gold coins will is customary with the railway workmen, they were saltpetre, denominated a " penny Cuba" cigar. He said contain 3 grains less of fine gold than the old Idprovided with a lorry, or small w aggon, upon which : he did it for a lark; and Mr. Gregorie, the magistrate, standard, but this will be go P counterbalanced by the in- they started, intending to ~ l eg " themselve s ho being inclined to believe this, discharged him, but remarked, that if persons in his situation of life would smoke cigars, crewed_ , be coins. unaccompanied by any train,' The following may briefly stated as some of the engine from Birmingh am,line , along the line. They had scarcely started when home the least they could do would be to pay for them. was seen advancing o n . the same . towards them at a a dvantages of this plan • At Mr. Cogan s, Hill Farm, Kingston, near a '4' • .--- A greater uniformity 'in • y our coins and with the coins • rapid rate. The m eeting was quite unexpected to both Taunton, a cat is now fostering a litter of five ferrets. • parties; and, although the engineers upon the engine did of other countries. She had very recently but one kitten, which is black, and A fixed par of exc h ange i nstead of a fluctuating p all in their power to p reven t it , a dreadful concussion was notwithstanding the young fe rre t s are o f t h e or di nar y li g ht ar the result. Two of the men on th e l orry h a d t i me to colour, she suckles them, and a pp ears qu i te as a tt en ti ve to i as is now the case . Th e par with France would be jump off, but the deceased remain«l. The lorry was I them as though they were her own offspring.—Bath 1 25frs. 32cts. th e poun d sterling • knocked in pieces , and the deceased dreadfully mutilated. Chronicle. I By opening the Mint to the public for the coinage He was taken up quite dead.—Liverpool Albion. Our readers have probably seen in the public prints ,he announcement (and for the first time in England) of a splendid chateau and demesne approaching . the classic City o f Athens (vide Mr. Robins' advertise ment repeated in our Journal to-day). In addition to this very seductive composition, which, in our humble judgment, is his cliff crerurre, he has appended to the descriptive particulars of stile a very enlarged and highly interesting satement of facts, with a view to in cline the g rea t cap it a li sts t o i mprove th e ir fortunes in Greece. The following is a brief outline : At a time when British industry, British capital, and British enterprise are penetrating the remotest parts of the globe in search of employment—while we are form ing associations for the purchase of lands in tke frozen regions of Canada and the more distant countOos of Australia and New Zealand, separated by seas of long and difficult navigation—lands, when acquired, preseCt• ing to the settler or proprietor obstacles of the' severest nature to their imp rovemen t an d c ultivation and to the consequent return of capital and outlay, with only a reasonable hope of increase on interest, we seem, most unaccountably, to have overlooked A country much nearer at hand, and rendered, by the late improvements in steam navigation, a 3 it were, almost at our doors—a country possessing the finest climate, the most fertile soil, the most varied productions, the most commodious harbours, inhabited (although as yet but thinly) by an ingenious, docile, and laborious people, ea joying a government which is mild and beneficent, and affords ample protection to its subj , cts, with the free en joyment of their different religions. This country is Greece From the establishment of the royal government itt 1833, a short period of six years, the renovation of this interesting portion of the globe may be dated. In that time its amelioration has advanced with a rapidity almost incredible. The population of Athens alone, which, at the period of the evacuation of the Turks, was only about 2.000 souls, is now upwards of 30,000 1 The Pirmus (the sea-port of Athens), only distant about four miles, had, at the epoch alluded to, only a wooden shed, with two or three individuals at the place, has now more than 10,000 1 inhabitants, and become a splendid town. Many more, as well as villages, arc increasing in proportion. The utmost activity prevails. Napoli di Romania, Argos, Tripolitza, Patras, Calcbis, &c., are rising from their ruins. Emigrations of s e ttl ers , o f great respectability, and same of large fortunes, have lately taken place. The soil of Greece produces every thing which can con tribute to the wants, the comforts, and even the luxuries of man —corn, wine, oil, silk, cott on , h oney, d y i ng stuffs, f i gs, raisins, currants, and other fruits ; flax, hemp, drugs for me dicine, rice, tobacco, and almost all the productions of tro picalclimates, such as oranges, lemons, and citrons, may be reckoned its staple commodities. Experience has proved that the climate of Greece is propitious to the culture of beet root; and such is the fertility of the soil, that it has yielded in one year three crops of beet root, much larger, much more abundant, and far more rich in saccharine matter than those which are cultivated in France, or in other parts of Europe; therefore a sugar manufactory may be most advantageously established there. Stone, marble, timber, lime, and all kinds of building materials are in the greatest plenty in almost every part, or can readily be con veyed by sea from the places where they are abundant, to those parts where they may be deficient. Coal abounds in the Island of Negropont near the surface, and is worked with facility ; there is also a variety of other minerals found. Such are the natural advantages of Greece. In this favoured clime the natives of Great Britain enjoy an esti. mation beyond those of any other country in the minds of the Greeks : our free institutions, and the part we have taken in their Hellenic, long, and arduous struggle for independence, have secured their respect and gratitude, and the name of an Englishman is a passport amongst them. -* - t!'. r o . 1,4 81:AM 117;