The Sun. — London, England, 1839-08-22 00:00:00

THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION. BIRMINGHAM. • (rnom OUR OWN COR RESPONDENT .) ifPaP,MINGIIAM, WEDNESDAY, AUG. 21.—The various , nnimittees appointed to make arrangements for the ap pro wiling meeting of this distinguished body, whose bit ti n g.,-; commence here on Monday next, have brought I their labours nearly to a close, and everything bids fair for a. quiet and pleasant, if not a brilliant meeting. The coon is necessary for the accommodation of the different GNIi one have boon already set apart and fitted up, and ehh•italli some of them are smaller than could be wished, yet it is hoped that the inconvenience arising from this tareu e %stance will not materially interfere with the pro teedin gs of the sections. The model committee have bee n i; idefatiu-able in their endeavours to collect and ar range ; in exhibition of objects illustrative of the general " i enee. and local industry of Birmingham and its vici i r i ' it Y , mid the specimens of mechanical skill which they have succeeded in collecting, will, in all probability, prow a (at least to the general mass of visitors) one of the 111 " . ; ;attractive features of the meeting. Although the titan lb, !r of members enrolled in and about Birmingham, ;! 11 ' hi! 1 the last month or six weeks, does not exceed three "Ini red, the lukewarmness, or perhaps it might be more 11 " 1 7 ectly termed diffidence, shown in this respect can ,n °t • as far as I am able to judge, be attributed to any irt(' isposition on the part of the inhabitants to give the P ) embers of the Association and the numerous strangers ho may be expected to visit the town in the C nurse of the ensuing week, a warm and cordial / eception. Indeed the best criterion of the spirit with 'hick the matter has been taken up is, after all, to be I yoked for in the state of the subscription lists, which t winc e a degrae of liberality worthy of the object which 1 , as called it forth ; and if there be no surplus fund at 1 the close of the meeting, as was the case in Newcastle, 1 ther e will be no want of means to second the hospitable disposition of the people of Birmingham. While upon 1 this subject it may be as well to observe, as an important Item_ in th e com f orts o f th e numerous vi s itors who may be expo . cted to crowd our town, that measures hare been - tak en to secure, on terms as reasona bl e as cou ld un d er - t he c.rcumstances be expected, every accommodation in l' -the shape of lodgings for the members of the Associa i.w I. The extent and variety of the manufactures car )? d on in Birmingham will afford a gratifying treat to iV Jose who ma y f ee l di s p ose d to v i s i t t h e var i ous work :shops and manufactories, while the coal-fields and im- Portent iron works in the neighbourhood will amply repay a visit. In making arrangements for entertaining the Association the committee have not been unmindful of the gratification which such a visit is calculated to afford, as rthey hav e a l rea d y p l anne d an excurs i on to D u dl ey C ast l e , about eight miles distant, for Friday, the 30th, in order to afford to non-resident members an opportunity of visiting • the Iron Works, the Sedgley Hills, the Rowley Bills, and the limestone caverns in that vicinity. The scenery of th e caverns, which are of great depth, is truly grand ( 4 nd sublime ; the material through which the excava . tiems are made, being of a hard and adhesive character, t' le natural pillars which support the roofs occur only at r 'wide intervals, and give to the whole a grand and fearful 'appearance. Adjoining the Castle grounds, which at tthis season of the year have a rich and picturesque ap ipearance, and at the bottom of a romantic rocky chasm, a sm ill natural basin, from which proceed, in three ' directions, the branches of the subterraneous canals which are cut through the hill. By following the course of thes e gloomy regions, the silence of which is only broke n by the hammer of the miner or the reverberations of explosion s in the blasting of the rocks, the visitor will h'lve an opportunity of witnessing the manner in which the operations of the miner are carried on, and of viewing the magnificent subterraneous chambers which it cont a i ns, s ome of which are three hundred yards in length, end from thi rt y t o f or ty y ar d s i n height. To the 'limbers of the mineralogical and geological sec tion 5 . no .less than to the lovers of chemical and mecha nical 3 , .. ience, such an excursion cannot fail to prove • fdeeply interesting. The main canal, two thousand yards 'a le.igth, and nearly two hundred yards below the 1114; -' 1 • vital, exhibits the position and character of the St rqta comp os i ng t h e var i ous b e d s w hi ch a b ound i n the 1 -p!teifi,al forms of animals of the marine species. Nearly 230 spec;es of shell-fish, Zoophytes, and marine insects have been discovered in these quarries, some few of wnielt belong to existing families, but the greater ',tart are co upletely unknown. On 'Wednesday, the 28th, the Paerticultural Exhibition takes place at the Bo- Itanic Gardens, Edgbaston, where the members of the Asss eciation will be invited to attend. These gardens are very extensive ; delightfully situated in the midst of a. picturesque and highly cultivated country, about a mile. and a half from the town, and should the weather be fine on the occasion, will prove a source of delight ful recreation. While in this quartet. of the suburbs the members will have an opportunity of visiting the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, one of the most valuable and benevolent institutions of which Birmingham can boast. The institution is admirably conducted, and re fleets equal credit on the committee, and the zeal and taleot of the masters entrusted with the care of the .childre 4. It. is a matter of deep regret that the means at the dis/osal of the committee of this institution com pel ,t'aena every succeedin g sear to re j ect a number of imp asss objects who solicit an asylum beneath their roof. A , acingst the other public institutions and buildings in Batningharn which will be found worthy of notice, are 4 .he Town Hall, containing in the interior one of the largest rooms in Europe ; the Market Hall, an extensive and well arranged building ; the Free School, a splendid Gothic structure, abounding in rich architectural details ; and the magnificelt structures erected at the depot of the London and Birmingham station, which, although situated in a quarter of the town but ill calculated for giving strange:s on their arrival a favourable impression of the general appearance and character of Birmingham, will eevertheless amply repay a visit. Having taken a harried glance at Vile preparations which have been 'bade, and resources which the town and surrounding district, present to the members of the Association, I shall now proceed to give you a few brief particulars as to the arrengements for conducting the proceedings of the Meeting. A general ordinary will be provided on Thursday, the 29th of August, in the Town Hall, which is capabl e of ac commo d at i ng at l east three thousand persons. The dinner will take place at half past five, and from the moderate charge fixed upon (10s. 6d. each I .Person) this number, if not more, will be present. Din ner will also be provided on the other days of the week, •at five o'clock, at the New Royal Hotel, New-street ; the Union. Inn, Union-street ; the Acorn, Temple street ; and the White H ors e, C o n greve - s t reet . Pl ans of each day s ordinary (on a large scale) will ' Sbe ho placed in th e reception room of King Edward's col, where attendance will be given from eight to five p.m. daily, on an purpo se o f enterin d after Saturday next, far th e their g the names of members as they secure ' Places, and receiving p a y m ent for th e i r di nner ticket s . No place f or any of the ordinaries can be taken by naemJers resident within 1,5 miles of Birmingham uP ti l t'Al each day ; but mem b ers com i ng f roma greater _t.'si:a'ace have th e pr i v il ege of bespeaking, in addition to p i tr own ticket, another for one friend, whether resi -edent or not. Breakfast will also be provided daily, from ileight till ten, durin g e' a i s week's meeting at the above named places. One of the large rooms of King Edward's School., which il situated in the centre of the town, will be op ene d tie-morrow for the reception and election of t nerabe r s,lor th e di str ib ution of tickets, programmes. &c., 'sod !at! giving i n f ormat i on in regard to the arrival and l'ica.t. , on of members, lodgings, ordinaries, and other ar raegements. Attendance will be given in this room in time morning and evening of each day, for which point all members, on their arrival, will at once make, before proceeding to the hotels or inns of the town. The Gene ral Committee have appointed their first meeting to be held on Saturday next, the 24th August, at one o'clock, in the Li'jrary of King Edward's School, and will meet " i •tervrards, according to adjournment. On Monday .1 evening , the 26th, th e fi rs t genera l meet i ng o f I tb.: Association will be held in the Town Hall When the Rev. William Vernon Harcourt, F.R.S., the President Elect, will take the Chair. On Tuesday evenin g a conversazione will be held in the Town Hall. The arrangements for the two following evenings are net 3 et. fixed ; but on Friday a second conversazione will take place, and on Saturday evening the concluding ger.eral meeting of the Association will be held, when o,e proceedings of the General Committee, and the ground s of the several grants of money sanctioned by will be explained. On Thursday the 0 9th, the Cie,,eral Committee will meet to determine where the next meetin g of the Association shall be held, and to a ppoint officers for that meeting. The Sections will az,semble for the reading and discussio n of reports, and other communications (which it is understood will he v er y numerous), each morning, commencing on Mon day at 1 l o'clock, and will be continued throughout the week, with the exception of Saturday. The following ar c the places appointed for the meetings of the various S .ctians :—Scction A, Mathematics and Physics, King Eilu,ard's School, New-street ; Section 13, Chemistry ad Mineralogy. Copper Company's Room, Canon street ; Section C, Geology and Physical Geography, Philosophical Institution, Canon-street ; Sectio n D, Zoology and Botany, Athenaeum, Temple -rosy ; Section E, Medical Science, B Medica n l . Scho o l, Paradi se - street ; S ec tion F, Statistics, lard-room, a•ij N oining the Newsroom ; Section G, Mecha n i ca l Science, Shakespeare Room, New-street. The pl aces OF meeti ng a ll li e w i t hi n a con venient distance, and are in th e centre o f t h e town. Th e Model Room will be open duri ng th e w h o l e wee k o f the . meeting. Amongst o th e more d i stinguished individuals wed to he present are ---the emi nent F renc h c h em i s t, M. Dumas ; the Rev. Professors Whewell, Buckland, Powell, Phillips, and Oxen ; the Rev. Drs.Peacock, and Daubeney ; Col. Sykes, Majo r Sabine, Mr. Hopkins, Mr. Delebeche, Mr. Lyell, and Mr. Lubbock, names honourably con nected with science. There are a host of others whose names 1 have not succeeded in obtaining, but from all I i I can l earn , the meeting promises to be second in mpor ; tane e to none which have preceded it ; and if there l no splendour in the arrangements, there will be want ing neither liberality nor warmth of feeling to give the members a..hospitahl e and generous welcome. • , ho t i t., st I . i• G.— I i ie D e +od and 6dinetsct Stag Liud s took the field last Tuesday. ...—._ INCREASED VALUE OF PRO PERTY IN IRELAND. Mr. WILLIAM WOOLLE.Y SIMPSON is called in, and exatnioctd as follows : You are a valuator nnd seller of estates and other propety in England ?--I am. Have you been empioyed in valuing and selling estates in Ireland "2—l have. For how many ye ars have you been so employed ? Since the year 1833 . To what amount have you valued and sold property in Ireland have sold 425,5951. worth since the year 1834. I valued, which has not been sold, 71,2591., which has been bought in, and is unsold. Is that included in the first sum ?—No ; that is not part of the 42 5,5951. I have also valued an estate at the sum of 218,0001. in the county of Galway, for the purpose of mortgage, and on which a large sum of money has 'been advanced ; making together between seven and eight hundred thousand pounds valued by me. In the 'course of your visits to Ireland for the purpose of making those valuations ou have, of course, observed the character and habits of the Irish peasantry ?—I have. Are you also well acquainted with the conditions and habits of the English peasantry ?—I am. Have yota sold and valued property in different parts of England?--To an immense amount, :n eighteen or nineteen different counties. In what counties in Ireland did you value estates ? In the county of Down, in the counties of Dublin and Kildare, in Tipperary, in Cork, in Waterford, Kil kenny, and Limerick. Did you sell those estates in Ireland by public auction or by private sale ?—I sold the larger portion by pri vate contract. One large estate, Lord de Clifford's, did not go to auction, but I sold it by private contract prior to the day on which the property was advertised to be sold, at 205,000/. I had all the particulars pre pared for the auction, but the estate was sold some days prior to the proposed day of sale. In what counties have the public sales been effected? —ln all except Down, which is the estate last mentioned, and the estate in Limerick. That property was bought in at 30,300/. ; the owner had been offered 30,0001. previously. Part of the Waterford property was offered by auction ; and sold within a few days after by private contract ; the remaining portion was sold by private contract without having been first offered by auction. State the particulars of sale in the county of Tippe rary ; at what rate of purchase it was sold ?—This estate was near the town of Cashel ; one part of it within about six miles. The leases on parts of this pro perty were granted in 1775, 1778, 1786, 1826, and 1827. The rental of lot 1 was 1871. 3s. 6d., which I valued at 25 years' purchase upon the actual rent, 4,6501. I considered there was a reversionary interest or improved rent derivable on the falling in of the exist ing leases, which I calculated at 3201. a year, that is, an advanced rent upon the actual sum paid. The re versionary value upon the expiration of the old leases amounted to 2,3501., which, if added to 4,6501. (the value of the actual rental taken at twenty-five years' purchase), makes 7,0001.; that was the absolute sum at which it was sold. Do you consider the sale of an income in reversion as a proof of the purchaser's estimation of the security of the property of that country ?—Decidedly. If I may be allowed I will give my reasons for that opinion. Has the result of the sales you have made in the counties of Down and Limerick, and Kil dare and Dublin, and Cork and Kilkenny, and Waterford, proved, in your judgment, that investments of this description are considered secure in Ireland, and elizible investments ?—I should so, certainly. Is the result of your observation, that landed pro perty is generally improving in Ireland ?—I consider that it is. Have any of those estates you have sold in those counties been purchased by Englishmen ?—One of them in Waterford has been purchased by an English Noble man ; and another estate, in the county of Cork, has been purchased by a Scotch gentleman residing in Edinburgh, for 70,000/. ; Sir Robert Abercromby, Bart„ cousin of the late Speaker, was the gentleman alluded to. Did you sell any property to Stipendiary Magistrates? did ; to Mr. Wilcocks. In what county was the property you sold to Mr. Wilcocks ?—The county of Tipperary. I sold it at Clonmel, by auction, in September, 1838. What was the estate bought by the Englishman ? One near Waterford, sold for 21,0001., to an English Nobleman. What were the circumstances of the purchase by Mr. Wilcocks ?—He gave 1,030/. for a rental of4l/. 12s. 10d which is nearly twenty-six years' purchase. It will be right to state that I considered that there would be an improved rent of about 181. per annum on the ex piration of the existing lease, worth 551., included in that amount, which ought to be written off on that ac count, leaving it ne a r 25 y ears ' purc h ase, d e d uct i ng the reversion. Can you sell estates in Ireland as freely as you sell English estates ?—Quite. [lave you found any difficulty in procuring pur chasers, from the state of the country ?—I never heard, in all the sales I have made, an observation in the sale room, or has any objection ever been offered to me, by a purchaser, regarding the state of the country. Are you now preparing for sale other estates in Ire land, and have you an intention to defer the sale on ac count of the state of the country ?—On the contrary, I am rather desirous to bring on the sale in question as early as possible. I cannot do so before November. I am going to Ireland now, to value this estate, consisting of 8,000 Acres, near Clonmel, in the county of Water ford, and there are persons residing in England now wishing to purchase it by private contract, and willing to give large prices for it. Are they Irish or English ?—English. Do you consider land to sell at a lower price in Ire land than England?--I consider that, taking the staple of the land, and making an allowance for the want of cultivation, the chief or head landlord in Ireland does not let for so much as land generally lets for in England. I say nothing respecting the profit derived by the inter mediate landlord or middleman. By the head landlord you mean the first landlord ? Yes. You do not mean to say that less rent has been got in Ireland by the head landlord and the under landlord together?—l mean to say that the head landlord in Ireland has received less from his immediate tenantry than the English landlord here usually does, and that by the prevalent mode of subletting in Ireland the mid dleman extracts a rent so excessive that it necessarily leads to that exhausting course of cropping and cross cropping which is so much to be deprecated. 1)o you consider then, that altogether, including head landlord and the middleman, they get more rent for the land than they do in England ?—I do. Do the tenantry of Ireland in general pay higher rent in proportion to the value of the land than the tenantry pay in England ?—Yes ; I mean the occupying tenants. The head landlord will have let perhaps two or three hundred acres, which surface is subdivided by the tenant holding immediately from the head landlord and his sub-tenants into fifty or sixty occupations. _ . But on those estates where there are no middlemen how is the case ; where the occupying tenant derives title from the immediate landlord ?--Then they are let at moderate rents ; and, generally speaking, all the holdings from the head landlord are on lower terms than in this country. Thus, taking the natural staple and power of the land, the head landlord lets at lower rents to the middleman than those obtained in England generally. Does he let at a lower rent also to the occupying tenant, supposing there to be no middlemen P—l think so, decidedly. When you say the landlord lets at a lower rent than the rents in England, is not the tenant generally charge able with repairs and outgoings in England to which he would not be subject in Ireland %—That depends on circumstances. Sometimes the land is let in England so that the tenant does all the repairs, when in fact they are rarely done at all, and certainly never effec tively. In other cases the landlord finds the rough materials, and the tenant the labour. With respect to Ireland, I do not think much is expended in the way of repair. _ Have you ever visited the estate of the Marquis of Downshire in the county of Down P---I have never visited that estate, but I have heard the highest cha racter of it. I found on surveying the late Lord De Clifford's estate, in this county, and I believe such ge nerally prevails in the north of Ireland, that there was a tenant's interest in the land amounting to 101. an acre ; so that if a tenant be ejected he receives a sum for his improvements and buildings from the incoming tenant, or if he do not pay it the landlord must. Thus there is a protection for the tenant in the north of Ireland which does not exist in the south. The condition of the tenantry in the north is widely different in consequence, and there is an absence of that distress so prevalent in the south. Have you ever beard of more than 101. an acre bein g given for the tenant's right ?—No, I never heard of more. D o you consider an investment in land as secure in Ireland as in England ?—I do consider that to be the fact. If I had 1 00,000/. to invest to-morrow I would go to Ireland to invest it, and would recommend any friend of mine to do the same. Have you ever b ought any with your own money ? No. To what do you ascribe this rise in the value of land in Ireland to which you have spoken ?—I ascribe it ge nerally to the progressive improvement in the cultivation of the soil. There appear s now to be a disposition on the part of the landlords to improve their property by rendering assistanc e to their tenantry ; and I have ob served many instances where leases havinn- fallen in, the subletting system h as b een done away Kith in a great degree, and the landlords, with a view to their own bent fit as well as that of their tenants, make provision for drainage and improvement s , b y assisting their t enan t s with materials and s.nall advances. fac D ir n t 21 1 i rt.! l u e g Ec hi at h i ‘, n:r li e , a d se i n thegreat effect '?—l consider that to be the main cause ; and I noticea the circumstance in a speech which I made at Liriterick in January last, when I remarked that steam ::ommunication would, by bringing the two countries ( mere closely together, and thereby creating a recipro icity of feeling and interest, make Ireland become every day more identified with England, to the great benefit of the two countries. Bringing the tenants into contact with their landlords more frequently I think will be of immense service. The railway has brought London within a few hours com munication of Liverpool, and Dublin is united to Liverpool, as it were, by a bridge of boats. This expeditious transit must tend very much to the improved cultivation of Ireland, and the civilization of the minds of the people. _ _ 1833 was the first year in which you knew Ireland ? Yes. Did you observe that this improvement was in the act of taking place in 1833 ?—Yes, but more particu lady in 1834. I was in the North in 1833. You observed it still more in 1835 ?—Yes, and still more since. I have advised the tenantry to cultivate green crops. They have replied, "Of what use would it be ? If we grew turnips they would all be stolen !" I rejoined, " Why are not your potatoes stolen ? It is only because turnips would be a novelty in the country that they would be liable to be stolen, but if they were generally grown this would not be the case, and you would find so great a benefit from their introduction, that you would soon see that the country would be universally in favour of growing green crops in rotation." How long have you been a valuer and seller in Eng land ?—Nearly twenty years ; and I farmed under the present Lord Western about 800 acres before I com menced by present avocation. Has not the value of land during the last eight or nine years been increasing in England also ?—lt has ; it was exceedingly low about the years 1821 and 1822, but during the last eight or ten years it has risen con siderably. I let a farm in Norfolk at 8001. a-year last Michaelmas, for which I would have been glad three years previotisly to have taken 7001. per annum. What net per-tentage is generally obtained by a purchaser of an estate in England, where the situation is not objectionable ?—lt depends very much upon the county. If in Yorkshire, where I have been lately valuing an estate which is to be sold by auction, the current rate is thirty years' purchase ; that would be about three and a quarter per cent. I should say, in the eastern counties, about three and three quarters per cent., or between twenty-six and twenty-seven years' purchase, is the rate at which estates are sold. We could not get, in 1821 and 1822, nor until about eight or nine years ago,:more than twenty-five years' purchase, or four per cent. on the :investment, in this part of England. In Cambridgeshire and other fen districts, which may he likened to some of the Bog counties in Ireland, I do not get more than three to four and twenty on the actual value ; I do not mean the rental which the tenant might pay, because he might pay too much or too little, but upon the fair value of the land. In the southern and western counties (the Weald of Kent and other flat and cold districts excepted, where more than twenty-five years' purchase is not to be obtained,) I can obtain twenty eight years' purchase. In fact it varies from three to four per cent. ?—From three and a quarter to four,per cent. In making a purchase in Ireland, does not the purchaser expect to make five per cent ?—I have sold property in Ireland which was ecclesias tical property, and subject to heavy head rents, in the county of Waterford. I was told by intelligent men that I should not get more than fifteen years' pur chase, but I obtained for the portions sold what I con sidered equivalent to nearly twenty years' purchase, taking into account and deducting the reversionary value- I sold an estate in a remote part of Tipperary, which was in a dreadful condition, for sixteen ears' and a hail purchase, where it was crowded with bad tenants ; and in other parts of Tipperary I have sold at from twenty to twenty-three years' purchase, and even up to twenty-five years' purchase. Does a purchaser expect to make .5 per cent. in making a purchase in Ireland ?—That is what they calculate upon, but they have purchased very differently to that. Are you to be understood that you have sold any property for thirty-seven years' purchase ?—Thirty-six and a half. In what county was that ?—ln Tipperary. It was sold for 2,1001. to the late Mr. Wise, of Cork, the dis tiller. How far was that land from the town of Cashel ?—I should think about a mile from Cashel. Was that previous or subsequent to the murder of Mr. Cooper ?—lt was in the year 1837. Were there any leases for ever upon those estates you have referred to ?—Yes there are some leases for even—Lords' Committee on State of Iriand. EVP:NING EDITION. THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY, AUGUST 22. IMO NEW POLICE ACT. The following are clauses of this:Act, which received the Royal assent on Saturday : XL VII. No licensed victualler, or other person, shall open his house, within the metropolitan police district (: 5 miles in a straight line from Charing-cross), for the sale of wines, spirits, beer, or other fermented or dis tilled liquors, on Sundays, Christmas-days, and Good Fridays, before the hour of one o'clock in the after noon, except for refreshment for travellers." Another clause enacts, that " every person licensed to deal in exciseable liquors, within the said district, who shall knowingly supply any sort of distilled ex ciseable liquor to any boy or girl apparently under the age of 16 years, to be drunk upon the premises, shall be liable to a penalty not more than 20s. ; and upon con viction of a second offence shall be liable to a penalty not more than 40s. ; and upon conviction of a third offence shall be liable to a penalty not more than 51." LIV. That every person shall be liable to a penalty, not more than 405., who, within the limits of the me tropolitan police district, shall, in any thoroughfare or public place, commit any of the following offences, (that is to say) : I. Every person who shall, to the annoyance of the inhabitants or passengers, expose for show or sale (ex cept in a market lawfully appointed for that purpose), or feed or fodder, any horse or other animal, or show any caravan containing any animal, or any other show or public entertainment, or shoe, bleed, or farry, any horse or animal (except in cases of accident), or clean, dress, exercise, train, or break any horse or animal, or clehn, make, or repair any part of any cart or carriage, except in cases of accident, where repair on the spot is necessary. 2. Every person who shall turn loose any horse or cattle, or suffer to be at large any unmuzzled ferocious dog, or set on or urge any dog or other animal to attack, worry, or put in fear any person, horse, or other animal. 3. Every person who, by negligence or ill usage in driving cattle, shall cause any mischief to be done by such cattle, or who shall in anywise misbehave himself in the driving, care, or management of such cattle, and also every person not being hired or employed to drive such cattle who shall wantonly and unlawfully pelt, drive, or hunt any such cattle. 4. Every person having the care of anycart or carriage who shall ride on any part thereof, on the shafts, or on any horse or other animal drawing the same, without having and holding the reins, or who shall be at such a distance from such cart or carriage as not to have the complete control over every horse or other animal drawing the same. 5. Every person who shall ride or drive furiously, or so as to endanger the life or limb of any person, or to the common danger of the passengers in any thorough fare. 6. Every person who shall cause any cart, public carriage, sledge, truck, or barrow, with or without horses, to stand longer than may be necessary for load ing or unloading, or for taking up or setting down pas sengers, except hackney carriages standing for hire in any place not forbidden by law, or who by means of any cart, carriage, sledge, truck, or barrow, or any horse or other animal, shall wilfully interrupt any public crossing, or wilfully cause any obstruction in any thoroughfare. 7. Every person who shall lead or ride any horse or other animal, or draw or drive any cart or carriage, sledge, truck, or barrow, upon any footway or curbstone, or fasten any horse or other animal, so that it can stand across or upon any footway. 8. Every person who shall roll or carry any cask, tub, hoop, or wheel, or any ladder, plank, pole, show board, or placard, upon any footway, except for the purpose of loading or unloading any cart or carriage, or of crossing the footway. 9. Every person who, after being made acquainted with the regulations or directions which the Commis sioners of Police shall have made for regulating the route of horses, carts, carriages, and persons during the time of Divine service, and for preventing obstructions during public processions, and on other occasions here inbefore specified, shall wilfully disregard or not con form himself thereunto. 10. Every person who without the consent of the owner or occupier, shall affix any posting-bill or other paper against or upon any building, wall, fence, or pale, or write upon, soil, deface, or mark any such building, wall, fence, or pale with chalk or paint, or in any other way whatsoever, or wilfully break, destroy, or damage any part of any such building, wall, fence, or pale, or any fixture or appendage thereunto, or any tree, shrub, or seat, in any public walk, park, or garden. 11. Every common prostitute or nightwalker loiter ing or being in any thoroughfar e or pu bli c p l ace , f or t h e purpose of prostitution or solicitation, to the annoyance of the inhabitants or passengers. u. Every person who s h a ll se ll or di str ib ute, or offer for sale or distribution, or exhibit to public view any profane, ineeaent, or obscene book, p a p er , pr i n t , d raw i ng, painting, or representation, or sing any profane, indecent, or obscene song or ballad, or write or draw any indecent or obscene word, figure, or representation, or use any profane, indecent, or obscene language to the annoyance of the inhabitants or passengers. 13. Every person who shall use any threatening, abu sive, or insulting words or behaviour with intent to pro •lrdke a breach of the peace, or whereby a breach of the peace may be ocec,sinne.l. 14. Every person, except the guards and postmen belonging to her Majesty's Post Office in the perform t once of their duty, other noisy instrument, f or th e purpose o f c alling per sons together, or of announc i ng any s h ow or entertain ment, who shall blow any horn or use any or for the purpose of hawking, distri buting, or collecting any ar ti c l e w h a t soeve r, or of obtaining money or al ms . 15. Every person wh o s h a ll wanton l y di sc h ar ge any fire-arm, or throw or discharge any stone or other mis sile, to the damage or danger of any person, or make any bonfire, or throw or set fire to any firework. 16. Every person who shall wilfully and wani:arily iliAurb any inhabitant by pulling or ringing any door bell, or knocking at any door without lawul excuse, or who shall wilfully and unlawfully extinguish the light of any lamp. 17. Every person who shall fly any kite, or play at any game, to the annoyance of the inhabitants or pas sengers, or who shall make or use any slide upon ice or snow in any street or other thoroughfare, to the common danger of the passengers. And it shall be lawful for any constable belonging to the Metropolitan Force to take into custody, without warrant, any perso n who shall commit any such offence within view of any such constable. LV. That no person other than persons acting in obedience to lawful authority shall discharge any cannon or other fire-arm of greater calibre than a common fow ling-piece within 300 yards of a dwelling-house within the said district to the annoyance of any inhabitant thereof, and every person who after being warned of the annoyance by any inhabitant shall discharge any such fire-arm shall be liable to a penalty not more than .5/. LVI. That after the lst day of January next every person who within the metropolitan police district shall use any dog for the purpose of drawing or helping to draw any cart, carriage, truck, or barrow, shall be liable to a penalty of not more than 40s. for the first offence, and not more than 3/. for the second or any following offence. LVII. That it shall be lawful for any householder within the metropolitan police district, personally, or by his servant, or by any police constable, to require any street musician to depart from the neighbourhood of the house of such householder on account of the illness of any inmate of such house, or for other reasonable cause, and every person who shall sound or play upon any musical instrument in any thoroughfare near any house after being so required to depart, shall be liable to a penalty of not more than 40s. LVIII. That every person who shall be found drunk in any street or public thoroughfare within the said dis trict, and who while drunk shall be guilty of any riotous or indecent behaviour, and also every person who shall be guilty of any violent or indecent behaviour in any po lice station-house, shall be liable to a penalty of not more than 40s. for every such offence, or may be com mitted, it the magistrate before whom he shall be con victed shall think fit, instead of inflicting on him any pecuniary penalty, to the House of Correction for any time not more than seven days. _ LX. That every person who, in any street or public place within the limits of the metropolitan police dis tricts, shall be guilty of any of the following offences, shall be liable to a penalty of not more than 40s. for every such offence—that is to say, 1. Every person who in any thoroughfare shall burn, dress, or cleanse any cork, or hoop, cleanse, fire, wash. or scald any cask or tub, or hew, saw, bore, or cut any timber or stone, or slack, sift, or screen any lime. 2. Every person who shall throw or lay in any thoroughfare any coals, stones, slates, shells, lime, bricks, timber, iron, or other materials (except building materials, or rubbish thereby occasioned, which shall be placed or enclosed so as to prevent any mischief hap pening to passengers). 3. Every person who in any thoroughfare shall beat or shake any carpet, rug, or mat (except door-mats be fore the hour of eight in the morning) or throw or lay any dirt, litter, or ashes, or any carrion, fish, offal, or rubbish, or throw or cause any such thing to fall into any sewer, pipe, or drain, or into any well, stream, or watercourse, pond, or reservoir for water, or cause any offensive matter to run from any manufactory, brewery, slaughter-house, butcher's-shop, or dunghill, into any thoroughfare, or any uncovered place, whether or not surrounded by a rail or fence ; but it shall not be deemed an offence to lay sand or other materials i❑ any tho roughfares in time of frost to prevent accidents, or litter or other materials to prevent the freezing of water pipes, or in case of sickness to prevent noise, if the party lay ing any such things shall cause them to be removed as soon as the occasion for them shall cease. 4. Every person who shall empty, or begin to empty, any privy bet ween t h e h ours o f s i x i n t h e mor ning and twelve at night, or remove along any thoroughfare any night soil, soap lees, ammoniacal liquor, or other such offensive matter, between the hours of six in the morn ing or eight i n th e even i ng, or who shall at any time use for any such purpose any cart or carriage not hav ing a proper covering, or who shall wilfully or carelessly slop or spill any such offensive matter in the removal thereof, or who shall not carefully sweep and clean every place in which any such offensive matter shall have been placed, slopped, or spilled ; and in default of the apprehen sion of the actual offender, the owner of the cart or carriage employed for any such purpose shall be deemed to be the offender : provided always, that this enact ment shall not be construed to prevent the Commis sioners of any sewers within the metropolitan police district, or any person acting in their service or by their direction, from emptying or removing along any tho roughfare at any time the contents of any sewer which they are authorised t o c l eanse or empty. 5. of Every any streetperso or person who o a sh ainll any k keep any within p t i h g i s n t ythteo saidth e front district, not bei ng s h ut out from such street or road by a sufficient wall or fence, or who shall keep any swine in or near any stre e t, or i n any dwelling, so as to be a common nuisance. 6. Every occupier of a house or other tenement in any town within the said district who shall not keep suf ficiently swept and cleansed all footways and water courses adjoining to the premises occupied by him ; and if any tenement be empty or unoccupied, the owner thereof shall be deemed the occupier with reference to this enactment. 7. Every person who s h a ll expose anyt hi ng f or sa l e i n any park or public garden, unless with the consent of the owner or other person authorised to give such consent, or upon or so as to hang ove r any carr i age-way or f oot-way, or on the outside of any h ouse or shop, or w h o s h a ll set up or continue any pol e , bli n d, awn i ng , line, o r any other projection from any window, parapet, or other part of any house, shop, or other building, so as to cause any annoyance or obstruction in any thoroughfare. 8. Every person who, to the danger of passengers in any thoroughfare, shall leave open any vault or cellar, or the eutrance from any thoroughfare to any cellar or room under-ground, without a sufficient fence or handrail, or leave defective the door, window, or any other covering of any vault or cellar, or who shall not sufficiently fence any area, pit, or sewer left open, in or adjoining to any thoroughfare, or who s h a ll l eave suc h o p en a rea, pit, or sewer without a sufficient light after sunset to warn and prevent persons from falling thereinto. LXI. That it shall be lawful for any constable be longing to the metropolitan force to destroy any dog or other animal reasonably suspected to be in a rabid state, or which has been bitten by any dog or animal reasonably suspected to be in a rabid state ; and the owner of any such dog or animal who shall permit the same to go a t large after having Inform!t tion or reasonable ground f o r believing it to be in a rabid state, or to have been bitten by any dog or other animal in a rabid state, shall be liable to a penalty of not more than 51. The Marquis and Marchioness of Londonderry arc to leave Wynyard on Monday, for the Earl of Eglin ton's, to be present during the tournament. A select party is assembled on visits to the Noble Marquis and Mar chioness. One of the clauses in the New Police Ac re lative to trucks drawn by dogs, appears to be a very harsh enactment. Because some unfeeling persons ride in their trucks, and use their dogs ill, arc the innocent to be con founded with the guilty ? A vast number of individuals gain their livelihood; by vending articles from t ru cks drawn by dogs, which they treat with the greatest kind ness. If this clause is enforced, all the cats' and dogs'- meat-men of the metropolis will rebel against it—they will hold meetings in Kennington Common or Copen hagen Fields, and, supported, as they w ill be by their dogs, the police will find them more formidable than the Chartists. THE CHARTISTS AT BEDLINGTON.— A r l i a n r g in to g n at wastack Colliery, nearmade on Be l.d'rhdnayto con nected with the Chartists in that n e i g hb o ur hood, who fired upon the agent of the colliery and his, assistants. A n um b er Friday b morningy l men severa upon th e Bar of men were sent from the Iron NI orks to protect the col liery, but the villains made their escape. Th e parish of lledlington is protected by a s ingle policeman • and conse quently the Chartists carry on their proceedings with im punity, to the terror of the peaceable and well-di sposed in habitants. A correspondent at Bedlington requests us to copy the above from one of our contemporaries, and adds the following in addition to that statement :_The state of •ociety in this parish, and around it, is , mist deplor a bl e an d lisgraceful to any civilized country. Neither life nor pro p3rty is safe, except to those who have the means of defend., ing themselves. A residence amongst savage s is preferable to this.— Tyne Mercury. A severe conflict took place at Ghent on the 12th inst. between some scavengers, a father and f our sons, and the police. It appears that a piece of gr oun d had been granted to them by the municipality for the p urpose of their building on it, but, instead of doing so, they had used it for storing the filth which they collected from the streets. The grant was therefore taken away from them, and some masons having been sent to comme n ce a building ordered by a new proprietor, to whom thegrant had been t rans f erred, the scavengers fell on them, and it was found necessary to call in the gendarmerie. These also met with so determined a resistance, that they were compelled to o b ta i n a rein forcement of troops of the line. The scavengers having barricaded their house to which they had retreated, three of them got upon the roof, and tore off the b r i c k s and tiles of the a dj o i n i ng c hi mn ies, which they hurled at the in vaders. There being no other mode of compelling them t surrender, the troops were ordered to load their mus e a and take aim at them ; on seeing which they had the impudence to offer to capitulate, on condition of receiving he honours of war! This demand not being acceded to, Ih ey then capitulated conditionally, and were immediately taken to prison,_ Paris Paper. RIOTS AT NOTTINGHAM. TO THE RIGHT HON. LORD J. RUSSELL,&c. My Lcrd,—Your Lordship will pardon the liberty I now take in addressing myself to your Lordship respect. ing the meetings of the. Reformers, or Chartists of this town, which, from my own personal observations, have been invariably conducted i n t h e most orderly and peaceable manner ; indeed, ther e never was the least tendency or disposition on the part of the cruelly oppressed and suffering people of this part to act otherwise than as men seeking by every legal means an amelioration of their manifold grievances, of which your Lordship can not but be fully aware. My Lord, respecting public meetings of the people, to hear the newspapers read and to discuss peaceably their wrongs : I have had the pleasure of attend:n g them, and at none of them have I ever heard or witnessed one improper act tending to a breach of the laws. On my return from a walk to Carrington, near Nottingham, there was a meeting of from five to six thousand persons on Monday last on the Forest, where no dama ge was done, no st a y t o business, no insulting language, no riot ; in fact, my Lord, it was a meeting of peace and the greatest decorum. And, my Lord, how were the p eo p' e treated ? In the midst of the meeting they were shame fully a n no y e d b y one o f th e cou nty Magistrates (Nixon) making his (totally uncalled for) appearance. The people had just finished a hymn and the Lord's prayer, when he made an attempt to ride into the meet ing, which the people very properly resisted as an insult ; he then retired to the outside, and took from his pocket, I suppose the Riot Act, upon which some lads began to hoot and huzza, and at last to pelt him with stones. He then retired, unhurt, from the Forest to the Barracks, and sent a detachment of Horse and Rifles to break up the meeting, but the people had quietly dispersed, or stood looking on with disgust at being so shamefully treated ; and most of these men were the very men who had assisted, and manfully so, to rout the Tories from office, and place in their stead the present Administration. It was no crime, my Lord, then to meet and read the newspapers ; but now it has become a most heinous offence for persecution by the Government. My Lord, in consequence of Monday's transactions on the part of the County Magistrates, Nottingham has been in a state of ferment ; but I am truly happy to say, no damage done—no person hurt —no property injured—all now is peace again ; but, I deeply regret to say, that one man, Mr. Woodhouse, has been sent to gaol, merely because of his temperate and manly addresses to the people, beseeching them, at all times, to keep the peace—to obey the laws, &c.— and this man, my Lord, is in prison ! he was taken or rather dragged there, in the most degrading manner possible, manacled to a constable, guarded by Rifles and hired constables, &c. Had he been a murderer or a felon his degradation could not have been greater. It, my Lord, was disgraceful to witness a young man so shamefully treated ; and I pray your Lordship to be pleased forthwith to order his dismissal from prison, which will be hailed by the people of Nottingham as an set of justice.—l remain, my Lord, Your Lordship's most obedient servant, JOHN CLAYTON. Nottingham, Aug, 16, 1839. SCOTLAND. REVIVALS.—MR. DOUGLAS OF CAVERS.--The vil lage of Spittal has this week been the scene of a series of religious meetings of a somewhat unusual nature. Mr. Douglas, of Cavers, is at present residing there, and has been holding meetings and delivering addresses on the subject of " revivals," assisted by several clergymen of the neighbourhood. On Sunday the children attend ing Spittal Sabbath School were assembled in Mr. Whitehouse's chapel (Church of Scotland), when an appropriate sermon was preached by the Rev. Mr. Dick, from Cavers (Baptist). After the sermon, Mr. Douglas went into the desk, and delivered an address on prayer and revivals, distinguished for its clear style and fervent spirit. The church was crowded throughout with a most attentive audience. On Monday, according to intimation, a revival meeting was held in the school house, which was quite filled. Mr. Dick delivered an impressive address from the parable of the importunate widow. The Rev. Mr. Kirkwood, of Berwick (Baptist) offered up a prayer, after which Mr. Douglas gave a short ad dress on the duty of prayer, which was listened to with intense interest. The Rev. Mr. Whitehouse of Spittal again prayed, and the meeting separated. It had been agreed that there should be a meeting in the same place on the following evening, but owing to the crowds who could not gain admittance, it was adjourned to Mr. Whitehouse's church. After a sermon by Mr. Dick on revivals,llslr. Douglas read an interesting letter from Kilsyth, giving an account of the revival in religion which had just taken place in that neighbourhood, dating from the delivery of a sacramental discourse some weeks ago. Neither in the demeanour of the audiences, nor in the language and sentiments of the speakers has there been anything to offend the most fastidious taste. The ad dresses of Mr. Douglas, in particular, besides being en hanced by an elegant and pleasing style of composition, the faculty of which he possesses in so eminent a degree, were remarkable for their display of a mind zealous with out fanaticism, and enthusiastically pious without one drop of cant or Pharisaical assumption.—.Berwick Ad vertiser. REVIVAL AT DUNDEE.—A "revival," similar to the one at Kilsyth, has taken place in St. Peter's parish. It succeeded Mr. Burns's return from Kilsyth. Symptoms of a change of some kind or other were visible in the course of last week ; but all doubt as to its character was removed on Sunday night, about twenty-two mi nutes to eleven o'clock. It is matter of delicacy to refer to particulars ; but it is not too much to say, that the demonstrations were striking and startling. Wor ship has been held in the church every night since, and it is expected to continue so long as human nature can sustain the impulse.—Dundee Advertiser. RUN oN THE BANKS.—The sayings and doings of the Chartists, although matter for merriment to the generality of people in this quarter, appear to have some effect upon one or two ill-informed persons, as the following occurrence shows. On Saturday the police received intimation that a man in an intoxicated state, in a public-house in Kilmarnock, was freely dis playing a number of sovereigns, which there was a pro bability he would lose if he went out to the streets. Two soldiers, in whose company he was exhibiting his store, very: properly caused him to be placed in the safe custody of the police, and assisted in convey ing him to his temporary durance. On being searched, it was found he had on his person one hundred and twelve sovereigns and a half, besides silver and copper. This money he declared he had drawn from one of the banks that day, afraid lest the Chartists should break it, and that his deposit might be placed in jeopardy on the commencement of the " Sacred Month." On being discharged he was advised by the Superintendent to replace his hard-won earnings in the bank, as being by far the safest custodier he could adopt.—Kilntarno cA Journal. THE COSTLY CAVALRY.--(From a Corre spondent.) —An apologist of the military outrage lately committed on Mr. Brent, boastingly states that " the cavalry officers find their own horses ;" that is, officers buy horses for their own special service and pleasure, and make the country keep them. Sometimes, too, a superabundant unrecognized number of nags are stabled and quartered upon the public purse and charged in the estimates. Who finds food, as well as stabling and grooming, for all the hunters and hacks kept by almost every officer . ? At whose cost is the corn for them provided? Who but the public pay for the hay and oats, the straw, oatmeal, bran, beans, and the thousand other costly articles used in all good stables. The fact is notorious, that cavalry officers' horses arc kept at the expense of the public, and in some cases it has been found that officers, not satisfied with this sub stantial privilege, have converted the cavalry stables into a horse-dealing depot. JOHN O'GItOAT'S HOUSE.—Every one has heard of John o'Groat's House —every one has read Burns's beautiful poem addressed to Captain Grose : Hear, land o'cakes and brither Scots, Frac Maiden Kirk to John o'Groats. But though the phrase "John o'Groats," is in every body's mouth, scarcely one in every hundred knows any thing of its history and locality. The following account of it is in an old gazetteer :—ln the parish of Canisbey, in Caith ness, which owes its fame less to the circumstances of its local situation, at the northern extremity of the island, than to an event which it may not be improper to relate, as it inculcates a useful lesson of morality. In the reign of James IV., three brothers, Malcolm, Gavin, and John de Groat arrived in Caithness from Holland, with a letter from that Prince, recommending them to the countenance and protection of his loving subjects of the county of Caithness. These brothers purchased , some land near Duncansbayhead, and in a short time, by the increase of their families, eight different proprietors, of the name of Groat, possessed these lands in equal posses sions. These eight families having lived peaceably for a number of years, established a meeting to celebrate the arrival of their ancestors. In the course of the festivity on one of these occasions a question arose respecting the right of taking the door, the head of the table, and such like points of precedency, (each contending for the seni ority and chieftainship) which increased to such a degree as would probably have proved fatal, had not John de Groat interfered. He expatiated on the comfort they had enjoyed owing to the harmony which had subsisted be tween them. He assured them, that as soon as they appeared to quarrel amongst themselves, their neighbours would fall upon them and expel them from the country. He, therefore, conjured them, by the ties of blood, and their mutual safety, to return quietly to their several homes; and he pledged himself that he would satisfy them on all points of precedency, and prevent the possi bility of such disputes at their future anniversary meet ings. They acquiesced, and departed in peace. In due time, John de Groat, to fulfil his engagement, built a roo m, distinct from all other houses, in an octagon figure, with eight doors, and having pl ace d a t a bl e o f oa k o f the so me shape in the middle ; when the next meeting took place, he desired each of them to enter by his own door, and to sit at the head of the table, he himself (John) occu pying the last. By this ingenious contrivance the harmony and good humour of the company was restored. The buildieg was named John o'Groat's House, and though nothing remains but the foundation of the building, the pl. ce still retains the name, and deszaves to be remembered fur the good intentions and good sense which gave it origin. —Sunderland Herald. DIVISION OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE. (From Captain Slade's pamphlet, entitled " The Sultan and Meheinet Ali.) " The extent of the nominal Turkish empire, and the diversity of nations which inhabit it, have always precluded the exercise of a firm government, and the Egyptian ruler could not expect to he more successful in controlling it permanently than the Solimans or the Selims renowned i❑ history were. lie would do so for a while, as they did, but the original source of weak ness would remain in over-extention and in the totally opposite character of the Mussulmans north and south of the Taurus, differing as much as the French and Spaniards. The distant provinces have ever been as gangrenes to the Ottoman Porte. The Hungarix) provinces were the cause of a century of destructive wars with Austria. Egypt and Bagdasl have been ceaseless fountains of civil war and anarchy, and Syria has been the same in a less degree : they offered too strong an inducement for ambition to resist. There is ample space for two splendid empires, separated by Mount Taurus, and abutting in the valley of Ararat, each of which would become stronger than the whole has ever been, from the effects of concentration : each of which has all the materials for becoming great and prosperous. By cutting off Syria, Egypt, and 13,1gdad from the empire, would nothing worth having remain to the Porte ? Could Roumelia and Anatolia be par.ll - as a kingdom, for extent and beauty and natural wealth ? Asia Minor alone is an unrivalled spot on the globe : in form and extent like Spain, bounded on three sides by the sea, on the fourth side by a lofty chain of mountains ; with similar productions and a finer climate. A►► imposing and a worthy object here offers itself to civilised Europe, to effect the tranquillity and well-being of the East on broad and rational principles. Consent to the division of one empire into two : out of a huge dis jointed mass of separate interests make two States, and the prosperity of all will be placed on a sure basis. The moment is favourable : the great obstacle to any practi cal arrangement, Sultan Mahmoud, is no more." The advantages which Turkey herself, together with England, would derive from the partition of the Otto man empire are thus insisted on : " For the sake of Turkey, for the sake of Western Europe, for the sake of humanity, the question between the Porte and Egypt should be settled at once, and that can only be accomplished by Europe not withholding from Mehemet Ali what never, in the history of the world, has been withheld from any man in his position. Can Europe annihilate his power? If so, let her do it at once ; but unfortunately for Russia she cannot. Union is wanted. France and England will not join in a cru sade, and, even were they to think of such a thing, where are their forces to attack a man who has a hun dred thousand men flushed with victory—with deserts, and a cause—the cause of the Mussulman against the Christian—in his favour? Russia has plenty of troops, I believe ; but if she were to send any in defence of the Sultan's cause in the valley of the Euphrates, not ten men in a hundred would return. She would find some difference between Diebitch's opponents and the Egyptian troops, and she probably has not got a better General than Ibrahim Pacha. Those among the Russians whom sickness and want spared, the Kurds and Bedouins would dispose of. Hopes were entertained from a revolt of the Syrians, but they will be disposed to remain quiet after the late battle. Calculations have been hazarded on the ephe meral nature of Mehemet Ali's power, but even those most opposed to him begin to think that it is fair to ad mit of some duration to a State raised by wisdom and fortified by victory. It is ridiculous to suppose that Turkey will be in a condition to resume hostilities, even were it possible to imagine a warlike disposition at Con stantinople ; her recently-routed troops were brought to their ranks, for the most part, in fetters, and will not be caught again. Some thousands of the prisoners have entered the Egyptian service. The Albanians and Bos nians have refused conscripts all along ; and the Kurds are not likely to submit to the new regulation, now that the army is dispersed which has kept them somewhat in check the last four years. Some persons talk of our destroying Mehemet Ali's fleet, as if that were as easily done as said, and is scarcely possible if it remains in Alexandria, although, as that would not materially affect his position now, the act would be rather gratui tous, as well as be attended by some cost to ourselves. The destruction of the Egyptian fleet, could it be con templated, would be a second edition of Navarin. " A fow words will show the advantages which all the world, except Russia, will derive from the Arabian Monarchy recognised by Europe. It will exist in one form or another, although Europe should not recognise it ; but in the latter case Turkey and England will be ' less benefited. I couple Turkey and England, because whatever is advantageous to the one is so to the other. England and Turkey have two objects in common. One is the increase of commerce between the two countries, which is only to be effected by ensuring repose to the latter ; the other is to exempt Turkey from the ne cessity of Russian protection, and this can only be ac complished by removing all subjects of discord between her and Syria. It is not enough that Mehemet Ali be virtually independent, that the Divan express itself ready to listen to his counsels—not a vestige of supe riority ought to be left to the Porte. There must be a total separation of name and title, or the remedy is incomplete. " So long as the Porte may entertain a hope, no matter how nourished, or at whatsoever distant period to be realised, of re-acquiring dominion over Syria, so long must a feeling of hostility exist in the bosom of the Arabian Potentate, and consequently the pretext for the treaty of Hunkiar Skellesi will remain. The ob ject of that treaty was to protect the Porte from the Paella of Egypt, but, deprive Mehmet Ali of any mo tive for injuring the Sultan, and the necessity ceases. As long as Europe regards Mehemet Ali as a vassal in any way, so long will he be the enemy of Turkey, but from the moment he is recognised as a Sovereign he becomes her ally, and will prove the firmest bulwark for Constantinople. A moment's reflection on the sub ject will convince anybody that the Mussulman ruler of Syria, whoever he may be, must infinitely prefer to see the Turks masters of Constantinople than the Russians : because Russia is ambitious, and of an aggrandizing mood, while Turkey is supine in temper, and sinking. " The treaty of Hunkiar Skellesi between Russia and the Porte, by which all ships of war, save Russian and Turkish, are excluded from the Euxine, and in virtue of which Russia may be said to be the exclusive pro tectress of the Porte, expires in June, 1841. If the in , lependent position of Mehemet Ali is not settled by Europe before that time, the obnoxious treaty will be renewed. If, on the contrary, Europe wisely acknow ledges him, there will be no occasion to renew the treaty. The paramount influence of Russia at Constanti nople owed its completion to the anomalous position of Mehemet Ali, which enabled her to flatter the Sultan's hopes of recovering dominion, at the same time to prac tise on his fears by pointing out the consequences olano ther victory by the Egyptians. By altering the name of that position, and rendering it analogous with reality, the Porte, not caring for Russian assistance, would no longer behold 3 friend in her deadliest foe. By recog nising Egyptian independence the tables would be turned. Egypt would become at once the ally of Turkey, and Turkey cease to require Russian protection, since that was only asked for and continued on account of Mehe met Ali." POST-MERIDIAN HOURS.—" It being found by woful experience that many ordinances in Parliament had passed. in a most indirect manner, at unseasonable hours and thinne houses, the shame and dishonour of that royall councell, and ruine of the kingdome, Sir Benjamin Ruddier, (a grave, wise, and witty man), stoode up and made this motion, that nothing should be putt to a final vote upon a thinne house (under a certain number), or after twelve of the clocke; for, Mr. Speaker,' says he, e plainly find that post-meridian votes are as dangerous and pernicious es nocturnal lucubrations,' reflecting upon their night workes and hellish designs hatched at such un seasonable houres." NORTH AND SOUTII WALES BANK.—At the annual meeting of this bank, on Friday, in the Clarendon. rooms, a very numerous and respectable body of the pro prietors attended, and the report of the directors, as to the state of the bank, was most flattering. After deducting 100001., set aside for a reserved fund, they were enabled to declare a dividend of 7 per cent. per annum for the half year ending 30th June, and stated that every branch of the bank was paying a handsome profit. The expense of the new building in Brunswick-street would not exceed 12,0001., including cost of land ; and the directors, from the numerous applications which had been already made for offices, had every right to expect that when completed they would sit rent free. Itiwas stated by the manager, that the bank had not, and never had any transaction with the Phomix Bank, and that, owing to the arrangement of its management, it was almost impossible that any defalca tion could take place in any of its offices, without instan taneous detection, and that every officer had given heavy security to the bank. The directors had personallyt had and the accounts, and had actually counted h and bills in possession of the • Cy the proprietors found all correct. This they did to satisfy The two re of the correctness of the bank's proceedintr.se-eted, several branches, and had and the tiring directors were unanimously r . er meeting dissolved. —Liverpool Chron i cle. 1 :1 ' ; m agistrates is t I r v a o t ensi an o was on a o Union begged of the as it would Flail for stealing a mutton chop, SUMMARY Tuesday committed j U n for i s p i trial c T by r value threepence. The bit t inconvenience to prosecute. The ;hisetrraftreosmtowdhiosmposteheofar!rhtieclecawseasssutmolmenaribly, put him to great inconvenience with 'd they could not . the request. A Magis tratesela use said id been introduced into the new Police Bill recom mending a summary jurisdiction in cases of this descrip tion, but t h e Legislature had thought fit to strike it out, and therefore parties charged with petty thefts, as well as with more serious offences, must, as heretofore, be com mitted for trial. PRIZE FIGHTING.--This sport was ever a favourite amusement with our aristocracy, and judging from the pertinacity with which certain "arguments" in favour of it are daily put forth in a fashionable paper, we should infer that this brutal and degrading exhibition has lost none of its attractions in their eyes. A patrician in the Post protests that "by prize-fighting the chivalrous sentiment cf fair play has been inspired into the lower orders; and it is an enlarged philosophy to encourage this feeling 1' EVEN ING EDIT I THE CORN-LAWS AND SH ! It is calculated that --* -474 vcr millionst of sp ec i e h ave b , ,, , o ,c o n e in o t o h t is of las t t his ye e a o r o e n i t g r y h olely owing to the Corn-laws. Pad our trade been fit eight emiinilipelia'sce o f worth gold,of goods ando ur would i have beet, , ex in stead . sf lying idl e , at an i mmense loss to the ma nufacture.", would ha ve b een emp l oye d much tohi that o f t h e rest of the community, profit, and while the weaYers would all have been earning good wages, insteat2 of flying to Chartism as the only relief to their &toss% For these eight mil lions of gold we have received in exchange four millions of quarters of wheat, anaTit may be fairly estimated that, as not more than a thousand quarters were brought on an average in one ship', 4,000 ves sels have been engaged in completin g the irliportaCon. We believe we are within the mark when we sayth et notone-fifth part'of the grain was brought to this coun-- try in British ships,and that, consequently, nearly the whole of the wheat came here in foreign bot toms. What is the reason ? British ships are so much preferred that the corn merchant has oft en been known to pay cheerfully three shillings pe r quarter more to have his grain carried in native vessels than in foreign, the security of the goods, the excellence of the hold, and the honesty of the Cap'ains are so much greater. If, therefore, th e ' corn dealer can at all get English vessels, he won t take any other. But the Corn-laws force him to employ foreign shipping almost exclusively. The rea son is this. Could grain be always imported at the same duty, or at no duty at all, the corn merchant would be able at any time to calculate upor. the price he would get on his purchases. But, as the duty fluctu ates in the ratio of the amount imported, and of the home produce, it may to-day be one shilling, and In a week ten shillings per qu ar ter. E ac h dcaler is therefore compelled to run a race with his L'elgh bour, who shall first get his grain home and piL'hed into the market at the lowest duty. By the de. l aY of a for,tnight a merchant may find that the quantit . v of grain )re lieved from bond is so great in the inte rim, that his cargo can only be sold at a duty which makes his purch.ases a total loss. What is the conse quence ? He has no! time to look about for a ship, and charter her at a moment's notice. Above all, he cannot suffer the delay which the provision for an outward freight would produce. T he post that is just going to start to fifty corn port,s, affords at once the speediest method of transacting his busi ness, and if one correspondent fails in securing a vessel, there are twenty more that may succeed. In the meantime, he has leisure to cast about for a return cargo, or the foreign shipowner may write to his English correspondent to secure a freight, and so all parties are accommodated. If the duty on grain were always the same, or if the price of wheat were steady, which would be the case under a free trade, the profit upon importation would not de pend upon dealers running a race with each othev., and British vessels, which our Dorn-merchants much prefer to any other, would command the whole car rying trade. At present Our merchants are mere gamblers ; their success depends altogether upon the rapidity with v6hieb their imports are made 7 .and . consequently foreign shipping gets all the beneffrof the competition, while our own lies rotting in trni harbours. The port of London is not at present . ti such a flourishing condition, that it is a mat ter of indifference to her shipowners whether she should keep to herself or give to foreigners, a trade that affords freight to three or four thousand vessels. —Anti-Corn-law Circular. TAMPERING WITH THE NULL TARY. MA NCHES TER, A UG. 20.—The following pa per, copies of which had been distributed amongst the soldiers, was found in the lodgings of Timothy Booth, who has been lately arrested : " Soldiers—Read this (alluding to some other paper), and after you have done so, ask yourselves the following questions :—Must I at the word of command fire upon and destroy my fellow -creatures, more especially when policemen have aggravated them almost to madness, hired ruffians at 3s. Gd. per day, who enjoy all the pleasures of life, and I as a sol dier at 13d. per day, exposed to all kinds of wea ther, horrified almost to death in protecting those very policemen who have been the aggressors ? Forbid it humanity ! Forbid it justice ! Forbid it God ! We have seldom heard of a grosser act of injustice than has been practised upon Anne Peacock, a soldier's widow, of Morpeth, by this notable Board. She is a widow nearly blind, af flicted with rheumatism, which renders her unable to make any endeavour. She was formerly in the receipt of is. Gd. per week, which was reduced to ls., and finally taken off altogether. She had been two journeys to Alnwick, personally waiti ng u p on the Board, where she received the most harsh and unfeeling treatment from the Churchwardens and others, and was told that she would get 21s. 6d. to take her home, but nothing more ; and that if she could not support herself she must come into the vvorkhouse. Therefore, if this poor widow does not choose to sell her furniture and become degraded to a workhouse pauper, she may starve. He had bee' in twenty-six general engagements, besides skir mishes; was at Egypt with Abercromby, and at Waterloo ; received some dangerous wounds, and returned home with a broken constitution, where he soon died, and this is the treatment his widow receives under the provisions of that most accursed Poor-law Bill ! Read ye this, ye soldiers, whom the enemies of the people are so anxious to let loose upon them, to silence their just demands by the bayonets ; and learn what afterwards are in store for your widows, after you have spent your days in defending your country, or more i ng l or i ous ly repressing the demands of justice of a great but horribly oppressed people." In this prisoner's house were also found one musket and a bayonet, a fowling-piece, a pistol, a dagger, 24 ball-cartridges, 102 leaden bullets for pistols, and 262 bullets for guns. There were also found in his cupboard 70 leaden bullets and half a pound of powder. The Magistracy and military are on the alert to meet any emergency. LOSS OF A VESSEL AND ALL HER. C R E W. It becomes our painful duty to notice the loss of the schooner Dispatch, belonging to Salcombe, and all her crew. The Dispatch was a fine schooner, the property of Messrs. Diddon, Pearce, and others, of Salcombe and its neighbourhood, being built in that harbour, by Mr. Vivian, a short time since, and was fitted out by her spirited owners in the first style. She had taken on board a cargo of coal, for Denia, in the Mediterranean, and on her way down Channel, put into Salcombe, from which port she again sailed on Monday, 29th ult. It came on to blow very heavily shortly after she sailed, and continued bad weather on that and the following day, though no fears were entertained for her safety ; but on Thursday, her boat with its fastenings was picked up by the Mothecombe coast guard. This led to a belief that all was not r ight, and on the fol lowing day the worst fears were realised, t h e vessel having been discovered sunk about three miles off Stoke Church Point. On Thursday Mr. Bothway, of Devon port, on the part of the owners, proceeded to the spot to survey, in order to determine whe ther it was practicable to weigh her. He reports that it is practicable should the weather be fine - a nd we understand the owners i n t en d to ma k e ap plicationtardthfeo r e assistance. ast o of theMery The i vessel is about a to bo ut the si x ll m o Dock-yard miles Stone, and about three miles off the shore, nearly abreast of Stoke Church—her head lying in the N.N.W. direction. Mr. Bothway is of opinion that she must have been run down. From what he could see of the wreck at low water it appears that her main-boom has been carried away ; it shows about 8 or 10 feet above water, hanging to the wreck either by the sheet or the mainsail ; the fore topmast is seen about eight feet down at low w ater; the yards and sails appear in a very deranged state ; the foremast and part of the topmast are also clearly visible.—Devoupo7( Paper. _______-----=-------_ • 1 EFFICACY OF BLEEDING. —At an inquest held on Tuesday before Mr. wCaasrtegru,itoen .citehaed.bodjyutoorf_a man who died suddenly, a juror asked the surgeon in attendance if he had attempted to bleed the man ? The b h ee e tr n ied no. t w o or b s l e ee ; d him ; if yOu surgeonfßa i ll t o s i u t r h e e s l surely d a y soheuewdoi would you could not hur,i the man if he was dead. Witness—Certainly not but it would have been useless, as the deceased was dead fu II ten minutes before I saw him. Juror—Why, Si r , I was dead, meat le a st to all appearance, for a full hour , but mightld not, leave the surgeon who was called in tried to bleed me, and succeeded, and here I am a living proof of the benefit of using the lancet. I wish surgeons would use it more frequently in such cases. 1 1 ,r 4 - "s%,!•-yjiipil I S Zw S • c. .~ 4i