The Sun. — London, England, 1839-05-16 00:00:00

"In all these passages death is mentioned only in immediate apposition to, and connexion with, the remedy provided for it by the sacrifice of Christ ; and the context shows that ne other part of the creation is alluded to except that highly favoured race, who are taught to hope for a recovery horn death by the resurrection, and for pardon of their sins, through the gift of grace, which is by Jesus Christ." . • • . " Whence, then,", he asks, " can have originated the idea, which more or less prevails inmost men's minds, that the brute creation also suffered a change in their nature and be came subject to death, in consequenceof Adam's fall. I am not aware thet - Seripture.affords authority for such an opinion, or that it i s affir me d or a ll u d ed to b y any one jof the inspired writers, but it crowds the pages of poets and the tablets of painters, and through them has been from infancy so deeply imprinted on most men's minds, that maturer judgment rarely stops ta inquire precisely as to the source of each notion upon these matters, unless some special occasion calls for its investigation." , Dr. Buckland concludes, therefore, on apparently in controvertible evidence, that death, so far as animals are concerned, was not the consequence of sin. Animals svere created subject to death, before any traces of man's existence are to be found, and they died, leaving to our times, in their fossil bones, the memorials of the pre- Adamite antiquity of death. This leads, however, to a more important investigation than Dr. Buckland has ventured to hang on it. It the i death of animals be not the consequence of sin, what ireason is there to suppose that the death of man it. If, i as Dr. Buckland proves, animals were not subject to death as a consequence of man's sin--. 6 if," as he ob serves, " the physical conditions of the human fi - ante, no less than those if the world itself, and of the whole animal. and vegetable creation, are all in harmonic) s, adaptation to the temporary uses of a fleeting and transitory state ," " if no kied of change o? deterioration of the nature or condition of irrational animals is either directly stated, or can be inferred from any passages of IGenesis ;" and "if death is and always has been the 'condition on which life was given to every hll sidual amongst the countless myriads of beings in ferior to ourselves, whom it has pleased God to call into existence—if all these propositions of Dr. Buck land be true, as who can deny them, surely we may without presumption venture to doubt whether the sub jugation of man to the same universal law, however ter rible death may be to his imagination, were inflicted as a punishment at all, and particularly whether it. were ever inflicted as a punishment for such a venial offence as strivin,g after knowledge, and becoming to know good from evil. Not merely the crust of the globe, as geo logy demonstrates—not merely all the living beings on its surface, whether they- inhabit the water, the air, or walk erect on the earth, are subject to change and death, but all creation seems submitted to the same law. Our records have not yet positively convinced U 3 that any planets, comets, suns, and stars have passed away, but they have satisfied us that amongst these mighty bodies there are changes, and since we see some even now called and calling into existence, there is reason to believe that sonic have passed away. Is it to be supposed that this universal law of creation was introduced in consequence of the infirmities of man, inhabiting a small part cnly of one of the smallest and meatiest of the secondary stars, and I,: at all nature was subjected to death because he was sinful ? Or is it to be supposed that all the planets, stars, and firmaments, all vegetables anti animals, all the wide universe, which daily hymns the praises of- . its Maker, have all committed sin like man, and been made like him therefore sub jest .to change and death ? If we must a yet that supposition, must we not then be driven to the other, that for man to be subj ec t t o c h ange an d death, lik e th e rest of creation, is net a punishment, but the consequence. of a general or universal law, however inscrutable that, like ail ultimate facts, may appear at pr, sent to our limited cepscity ? .1f man were created tl,ff , 2rent from what he is, and were subj , cted to death as a punishment, his whale t •ii.g,-, and 'all the laws ofcreation, must also.have been altered at the Cal!. Male and female were all. ;animals create;?, and always therefore subj cted to the law of precreation.Nor was men created differently. Adam lid his Eve, and those who fr.,t gave him 'a wife, an I stely afterwards sui)jeceel Lien to death . as a punishment, must have been wholly unaware of the law of popia!at:on. To have been created male and female, and not to have been subject to death, involves a physical impossibility. According to Mr. Malthus, if population had increased to time full measure of its power from the creeti. , n, we should now ha% a living six persons to a square yard ; but what would that be to the crowd on the surface of the glove if death had never thinised our ranks? Either the whole constitu tion of the human race was cimati•-;ed after being created male and female, When, man was punished by death, or the whole laws of the earth were cimanged,—which the authors of the received history of the creation do not assert,—or the very creation of male and female implied death from the beginning that the aged might make room for the young, before man could possibly have sinned. As Dr. Buckland observes, ell the physical conditions of the human frame, all those of the mind and of the whole animal and vegetable creation, area harmonious adaptation to the temporary uses of a fleeting and transitory state. No part of our constitution is more a proof of this than the fact that vivid pleasure is the let of the young, and that in the aged all the senses 'become gradually dull, the limbs stiffen, the vigour passes away. There were to have been young in the garden of Eden ; it was not, according to the Mosaic account, to have remained tenantless, except by Adam and Eve ; they were to have had children before they tinned, and must have grown old as their children and children's children came into existence. Not merely, then, would they have lived for ever had they not sinned ; they must have been endowed, to answer the purposes of the first theoretical and philosophicalhis torian, with perpetual youth and susceptible of perpetual pleasure, while, being male and female, they were to have offspring. Such incongruous circumstances with &limited world seem, with all submission, less wise and leis worthy of the great Creator than the perpetual re newel of the race and the perpetual renewal of the plea sures of youth, gradually removing the aged from the seeue; /tad at the same time providing for the continual i s mlrraaeraent of man, which is now our fate, and which Is ciiramonly, but we are afraid foolishly, ascribed to the wrath of the Creator for the sin of our first progenitor. Into all the Ina ne by this view considerations whi c h ar e suggested the limits of a newspaper forbid us to enter. We- should -not, indeed have ventured on the subject bad not the opposite view been put forth by political journals, with the r • intention a scientific gentleman, and with t h e mischievous design in stopping', the progress of science and sustaining of vigour sometime longer the priestcraft which is at I INQUEST EXTRAORDINARY.—An inquest was held last week at the house of Mr. Thomas Price, Castle street, Ruthen, upon what was supposed to be the bones of a child, which a man bad found in digging a garden. After a grave deliberation it was at length discovered by the me dical gentleman present that the bones were those of .1 cat. How the poor animal had come by its death was not elicited. The present Earl of Essex is said to have Oh. tairit'd an accession of fortune to the amount of 8,0001 eer annum by the death of the late Earl. The jointure of the Dowager Countess is 3,000/. per annum, charged on the family estates. Her Ladyship has taken one of her nieces, Miss Johnstone, to reside with her. FIRES IN THE METROPOLIS.—Since the com mencement of the present week no fewer than 12 fires lime occurred in the metropolis, and the dt struction of property has been very exti.nsive. KENT HOPS.—MAIDSTONE.—The bines have made little progress during the last week in the strong grounds, but the cold winds have very materially ckecked them in the weak grounds, which are much infested by the flea. Tying has commenced in most places. A few warm days may make great improvement in all the grounds At Ticehurst the puling is now nearly brought to a close, an, tying is in operation. The cold winds had kept the bine in a backward state, some warm days succeeding had made considerable progress; but they are again choked and much battered by the present cold and winds, so that in many grounds they have the appearance of bc , i , ,g struck by the frost, and many bines must I), pulled up. There is not much appearance of flea.—ilinidstone Gazette EXPRESS FROM LIVERPOOL — LIVERPO OL . SUNDAY EVENING, SIX O'CLOCK.—CIIINA.—By the John O'Gaunt, Captain Robertson, we have received advlces from Canton, of the date of the 26th of January. After an inconvenient suspension of two months, the Chinese authorities allowed the foreign merchants to renew their operations, and Mr. Innis, whose conduct had occasioned the cessation of traffic, and who is known among the resi dents for the eccentricity of his conduct and the obstinacy with which he has repeatedly defied the law, has at lungth condescended to retire to Macao. Exchange on London and Liverpool is quoted, private bills for six months, 4s. 8d to 4s. 9d. ; Government bills, 10 to 30 days, 4s. 6d. For manufactured cottons the demand is slack. ln woollens—'.ong ells are depressed, and no sales quoted; bar iron bad obtained a slight advance, as but a limited quantity of it was in the market ; rice had advanced five cents; a few fine chests of tea remained, and the prices were generally higher than buyers were disposed to allow. ENEN [NO EDITION. LITERATURE. IS DEATH A PUNISHMENT? An Inquiry whether iheSenten;oi Death, pronounced at Me Fall of Manh;nd, included the whole Animal Crea tion, or was restricted to the Human Race. A Sermon preached in the Cathedral of Christchurch. before, the University of Oxford, Jan. 27. 1839. By the Rev. W. BUCKLAND, F.R. S., Canon of Christ church, and Reader in Gcology and Mine alogy in the University of Oxford. Dr. Buckland is well known as one of the most skil ful geologists of the day, but the pursuit of his favourite science has exposed him to considerable censure and inconvenience. His clerical brethren and their journey men have butted at him like goats, because he has not thought as they think, or spoken as they speak. More than one political journal has attacked him, and notably that journal which now zealously labours to regain credit for the Church which it erewhile decried. We beg leave to imitate this example, and, theological though the work be, make it the subject of some remarks. It is asserted by Churchmen that geology is to be put aside, as the astronomy of Hershell is stifled, be cause it does not accord with the Mosaic account of the creation. Dr. Buckland being both a geologist and a clergyman, feels himself under an obligation to reconcile them, and by dint of straining a few passages and swallowing a few difficulties, he thinks he has suc ceeded. From the manner, however, in which he isstill at tacked by the bigots, for the Times continues to batter hiai, we infer that he has not been successful, and that he had eaten the bread of hypacrisy without obtaiainz adruis Elan to the community of saints. His sermon will not, we apprehend, elevate him in the estimation of scientific thinkers, and the reception it has already met with from interested believers, must prove to Dr. Buckland that they are too vigilant to suffer an enemy to puss harmless by hoisting false colours. The researches of geoh,gists have hroualtt ta light the remains of a corisH.x.ll)!e animals which, there is e‘ cry reason ao ve, existed • before the race of mail. If they lived and died before he was ere Lied, it could wit have been by his son that de.ith carn, into the world. The object of Dr. BuAlanii's sermon, therefore, is to show that the death of animals was not the consequence of Adam's fall. and that the curse supposed to have been pronounced on his presumed guilt was confined to our race. This is a curious as well as a limited and specific speculation. Let us see how Dr. Buckland makes it out. In the preface he says— ". It has not unfrequcntly been proposed to me, as a theological objection to the credibility of the great amount of death which geology shows to have prevailed amongst extinct races that formerly inhabited our earth, that such phenomena are irreconcileable with the idea, supposed to be derived from Scripture, that no animals would ever have died, had it not been for the fall of mar." Dr. Buckland endeavours to prove that Scripture warrants no such idea. He cites several passages of the New Testament, from which he trusts " it will ap pear that death, though most clearly inflicted as a pu nishment on man, it is by no inspired writer spoken of as a penal dispensation to any other living creature, except Adam and his posterity." With the help of a little straining, and giving a different translation from the Vulgate, Dr. B. makes out this satisfactorily. After (inciting such passages as this, " For since by man came death, by ma❑ came also the resurrection of the dead,' he adds- present the source of many of our social evils. The preposterous claims of the priesthood now make even the scientific mythe of the creation a political sub ject. As such we have ventured to advert to it. Looking, at the ph)siological laws of our con-titiition, as the consequence of the principle of the population, as the fact that death is the universal consequence of life, seeing that it pervades all creation, even the firma ments themselves, the opinion that man was created the single exception to the general rule, and not subject to death, is not at all likely ; and it is infinitely more probable that the theory which passes under the name of Moses was invented to explain and account for the phenomenon of death, which ap peared terrible to the imagination of man in the early ages, and, perhaps was then more terrible than now, than . that man, a mere worm, should have been created the single exception to a universal law, and by being created not sub ject to death, made equal to the ONLY ETERNAL, UN CIIANGEAELE ONE, What is yet dark in this matter will possibly in His good time be cleared up to our finite un derstandings, which continually enlarge ; and man may come to a healthful knowledge, which must have been im possible, on the Mosaic hypothesis; but we shall make no progress in such important investigations, by tying down the mind to the fanciful theories of the ignoraist, half timid, and half-terrified early inhabitants of the world. The assertion that death was inflicted as a punishment, seems at first a feasible expla nation of the lot of man, but a wider induction, a char perception of the universal law con% incea us teat it is one of those philosophical inventions which in all ages have been put forth as a sufficient explanation of phenomena, before the due time had come for th in to be reveakd to and comprehended by man. We should stop hi re, but we e emit help add ing that we notice, particui irly in the writings of the Puseyites, a consiction that ol)servation and easiet are hostile to their doe: nines, and tha: they a a taking refuge in a conceited mysticism, which evades all tes,s, fl.es from all proof. H e refer particularly to the last N Ainbcr of the " Quarterly Review," where the Pusey nonsense is expounded at great length, and where the practical basis of morality—for that, according to our system lies in religion—is described as " the medium through which the soul sees Christ." Against such "colourless" abstractions, it is our duty to warn our readers and to warn our statesmen. At present the presumed teachers of morality are the priests, which gives their office almost inconceivable importance, and but for this it would be of little earthly consequence what they taught about faith and colourless media, and man having been created not subject to death. But it is a fearful thing for the community to have its morality—to have all the restraint and guides of conduct based on vague theories and doubtful histories of the origin of sin. Society- cannot possibly dispense with a moral guide for human conduct, and it is most unwise in any rulers, it is preg nant with danger to society, it forebodes and must in troduce anarchy of thought and conduct, to found morality on ancient theories and fables, and connect it with a vague and untangible mysticism. THE LAW OF REAL PROPERTY. By OWEN FUNTOFF, Esq., Barrister at Law. In 2 Vols. London : H. Butterworth, 1839. The first volume only of this work is published. It treats of Realty, together with the statutes relating thereto, down to the present time, and the second volume is to treat of real property under the three distinguishing characters of legal, customary, and equ-i table. The first chapter of the present volume contains general definitions ; the second treats of corporeal here ditaments, under the heads of houses, outhouses, mills, gardens and orchards, yards and courts, areas, curtilages, preserves, warrens, decoys, rivers and sewers, ports and harbours, fisheries, railroads, bridges,turnpike-gatei,rec-; tories, churches, monuments, fences, woods and trees, i mines, manors and lands ; and of the injuries to them and their remedies, and, among the rest, of ouster, trespass, nuisance, waste, and the various kinds of real' and pos-' seisory actions. And the third treats of incorporeal hereditaments, under the heads of rents, annuities, tithes, advowsons, seignorics (and herein occurs a very able summary of . the law of tenures), manorial rights,! c:immons, easements, offices, dignities, and corrodies, and the remedies for injuries to them. The work is enriched with many appropriate notes and references, showing both law and learning. The style is accurate, concise, and intelligible to common readersqualities not always found in law-books. We give the following specimen at random under the head of " Abatement of a Nuisancel" Besides the rem , dy by action, there i 3 also another re medy, which consists in entering the land of the wrong doer, and abating or removing the Nuisance. If the nui sance be of a public nature, or an act of commission, any one !nay in general, of his own accord, without previous request to remove it, abate such nuisance without restrain ing the force used by him within the limits, perhsps, abso lutely necessarj. If, however, the nuisance be of a private nature, the person abating it must not exceed the degree iif violence absolutely requisite for the purpose ; as, by so doing, he would render himself a trespasser ab iniao, or at , Last for the•excess of violence, tor which he wt.utd have I to Mak. - compensation. Or, if it arose frotn.a mere iimis mon, there ought to-be api ior request by the party injured to ten Live the nuisance before entering himsiilf for' that pu,po-e. MILLER'S RURAL SKETCHES. Van Voor.st, London, 1839. This work is the production of an humble, unassum ing writer, Mr. Miller, who writes equally well both prose and poetry ; and we incline to think that it is the best he has yet put forth. From. the rural taste that he evinces in almost every page, one would suppose that he hail lived, like John Clare, in the country alt his life, instead of residing altogether in this huge metropolis. The volume is made up of tales and sketches, gracefully and naturally hit off, and contains a creditable specimen of the author's critical faculties. In the essay entitled " Rural Poetry,"which, is a notice ofthe works of Brown, a writer of the days of Elizabeth, whose poems once well known, are now seldom heard of, Mr. Miller does this neglected old bard every possible justice. TEE BARBER OF PARIS. 3 VOL& Whittaker, London, ;839. `We have here a translation of one of the tales of an author who is among the most popular in France—we mean, Paul de Kock. The translation is no doubt ac curately rendered, but the language has little or nothing of the spirit and buoyancy that characterize the origi nal. Nevertheless, despite this defect, the Barber of Paris is exceedingly interesting, for the plot is well constructed, and the interest sustained to the last mo ment. The characters, too, are vividly and forcibly pourtrayedespecially, the mysterious, saturnine rogue of a barber; Tonquet ; the Gaseon bully Chaudeeville, a whimsical compound of Captain Bobadil and ancient Pistol ; the fair heroine Blanche, who reminds us of a similar paragon of innocence and simplicity, Annette, in one of "Marmontel's tales ; and the, libertine .Marquis de Viilebelk. Some of the scales are perhaps too glow ingly drawn, but this is a peculiarity shared, more or less, by all the modern novelists of France. Tde ablest portions of the translation are decidedly those of an earnest and tragic character. LYRA EBORACENSIS. Hamilton, London, 1839. The largest and most ambitions poem in this collec tion, which is a chant in praise of the past glories of the City of York, is by no means the best, though it is the most elaborated ; it is in his minor poems that the author shows }mused' most at home. In som+r of these he &s -plays both tend rness of sentiment and grace and flexi bitty of versification. HINTS ON RIDING ; or. COMMON SENSE AAD COMMON ERROR IN COMMON 'RIDING. illoxon. London. This is a really valu it: le b,)ok, th titl- of which is fully borne out by its interesting contents. Tie author is a reformer in his province, and in the course of his work has of course occasion to correct many p0p,1.,r errors, mischievous alike to the constitution, human and equine. Thus when a horse stumbles, the all but um versal practice is to grasp the reins tightly, .and pull up his head. But our author teaches us that this is p , eventing an action, dictated alike by nature and philosophy, for during the instant the animal's head and neA. arc dropping, the shoulders are relieved front their weight, and that is the instant that the horse makes his effort to recover himself. The mechanical im possibility of the rider assisting his horse is demonstrated by the author thus :—" No motion can be given to a body without a foreign force or a foreign fulcrum ; now strength is not a foreign force, since it is employed entirely on the horse ; nor can it be employed on the foreign fulcrum, the ground, through the medium of your reins. As much as you pull so much will you pull down." Another error is the giving false indications ; when one wishes to turn to the right to pass the hand to the right instead of pulling the right rein stronger than the left. The things to be aimed at in horsemanship next to the power of indicating our wishes is .the power of win ning obedience to those wishes ; the great thing is to get your horse to be of your party. Common sense tells us that " the great unpractised secrets in riding are simply these—When you go to the right, pull the right rein stronger than the left ; when you go to the left, the left rein stronger than the right ; urge the horse strongest on the side opposite to the guiding rein, and let your bearing on his mouth be smooth and gentle." The author of these new and unquestionable hints on horsemanship discloses many other " secrets," tho bare enumeration of which would exceed our limits : for them —thesecrets worth knowing—and an exposure as masterly as it is just of the common errors in riding, we refer all readers and riders to the book itself ; it will well repay a prompt perusal, both in the pleasure and profit it must yield. We ourselves never read anything of the sort that we liked so much. • SUN, LONDON,. THURSDAY, 'MAY 16. 1839. MR. S IMPSON'S LECTURE O NATIONAL EDUCATION AT WILLIS'S ROOMS. On Tuesday Mr. Simpson delivered his third lecture on the i above subject. In consequence of the not-e occasioned by the constant rattling of carriaees past the Lecture- room, which was on the ground floor, the Lecturer was fre quently inaudible. He said the first organ on which he i should treat was the organ of self esteem. The excess of i this organ constituted vanity. The existence of it was a I proof that man was intended to live in society, this faculty was frequently appealed to by those who had the management of public subscriptions, as many persons gave frequently more from a desire that their names should appear in the subscriiption list than from charity. Fashion was a direct consequence of the development of this faculty, and it would require education for generations to come to regulate this faculty before brotherly love and sound morality:would be established among the commu nity. Ili insanity this faculty blazed out in its greatest excess. The next faculty that came under the con sideratiou of the Lecturer was the faculty of comba tiveness—the fighting faculty; this faculty was necessary for the preservation of the species, and its use was to ena ble mankind to repel dangers; it was much abused, and was the source of great educational mischief; it was the faculty which gave rise to constant contradiction, and in consequence of defective edu cation it grew up with the individual. It was ma naged, as it was termed in the nursery, by mentioning the contrary of what was intend, d. This was a greet abuse. The Lectur r then relat. dan anecdote of Dumbis dikes i nd his pony. and va, ions other an cdoies in illusiri ion of the aetien of this faculty. It was enc.ruraged i . classes and schools, and produced that love of war who was the abuse of this faculty. Thu persons afitcted esith in sanity, in whom this faculty is affected, are vi,ient and nose but not cruel, in d frequently requee restraint. Th. faeult : ,if destructiveness was the next to which he would ativei i U,fiSii wan had been eodowed v. ith this ianulty the pre_ ending faculty would have been useiess. M:ii was a ca.; nivorous animal as was proved by the formation of hi. ate, mach and his teeth, and this amounted to a commend fro. his Creator, that he was to kill food. Anger was the ex . citement of this faculty, which incited men to repel ag , gression. It was implanted in man for the purpose of re polling aggressioq, .and it wae ; the duty of Christianity and of education to place it . under restraint. It wa this faculty in excess which occasioned persons to de light in tales of horror and murder, and in acts o' cruelty. It was in vain to attempt legislating against act, of cruelty, they could only be put down by education; and it was astonishing what education bad accomplished for this purpose, in the Model School of Edinburgh. In conse quenee of this faculty,, the sportsman and the angler took delight in the sports of the field, and the masses of the people were delighted by destroying inanimate things or as. they denominated it, smashing. The effect of drueken ness in increasing the action of destructiveness e wes very conspicuous, in the instance of quarrelsome drunkards. This faculty was not .properly educated in schools, when boys were flogged, and ultimately came into the world with the idea that the only way of governing society was tti,) violence ; happily a new :nethodef governing by benevolence was now succeeding ;' but while the butcher. was paid to kill and the police to fight, it was not the fault of the masses i they indulged in violence. It was the fault of a defective education. Education would in the course of time do away wilh this. Ii was like the grain of mustard seed, which would ultimately become a wide-spreading tree. The next organ to which he would advert was the organ of secretiveness, which gave the power of controlline the thoughts. If in society every thought were utter, society . would be • uninhabitable. , This faculty in excess became reserve, and required that the educator should address himself to , it, and take care that it did not go beyond its proper extent. The abuse of this faculty became cunning, and formed pick. pockets, swindlers, and -fraudulent persons. In for mer times this faculty was conspicuous in diplomacy, insomuch that Sir H. Wooten' advised a young ambassador to . tell the truth, as the_ most 'effectual method of counteracting his opponents, inasmuch, as in that case, .'he would not be believed. Louis . XI., as drawn by Walter Scott, in Quentin Durward, was the very impersonation .of this faculty. Persons in sane, as regarded this faculty, were generally' dangerous, because they always concealed their purposes. The organs of constructiveness and of imitation he would pass over, merely observing that the latter faculty *as worthy of the utmost,. . attention 'of. those,„ engaged ,in education, and would proceed to the faculty •of caution. Corn. bativeness and destructiveness were given tee man torepel injuries. This organ was'given him to enable hiin to avoid those dangers which he'could not repel : the excess of this faculty occasioned panic. It was moron; to tamper with this faculty, as was too frequently done in nurseries, by ' tales of ghosts and goblins, with a view of ruling the children committed to their care; all this was much- better managed .in infant schools. The ex cess of this faculty was exhibited in the hypochondriac, the self- vrorryer, the man who, according to the common ex l e ession, was never happy but when he was miserable. Cowper, the poet, was an instance of the faculty in excess The insane on this point constituted the most unhappy pa dents of lunatic asylums. These were all faculties which ma: pos•essed in common with the inferior animals; and he nov came to those faculties which were peculiar to man. The first of them to --which he alluded was benevolence, whits! seemed to be a direct imparting from the Creator of one of his (win highest attributes.to ...man. The mere comps ' sion of impulse did not constitute this faculty, but the active positive wish to . confer delight' stud enjoyment This faculty sees the foundation of , all pure friendship ' It was the expression which it imparted to the countenance which constituted the sweetness of beauty, which Milton had so admirably designated as " the human face divine He did not imagine the blind could have any conception of the beauty of this expression; and Milton, in the pas sage to which be bad alluded, had expressed his regret al being deprived of this perception. At the conclusion of the lecture, Dr. Costello and Mr. Merle urged those pre sent to exert themselves to' procure, kfull attendance on these lectures, as .most important to the future well-being of society. .... SHAWS WATER COTTON MILL. Those who have lately witnessed the progress of the extensive premises in course of erection -on two of the Shaws Water- Company's falls, by the highly respect able and enterprising . Shaws Water Cotton Spinning Company, must have beemsfelighted to see Abe Activit, which pervades each department of the works. Already, and for some time back, one of the falls has been made serviceable for, raising the great quantity of rock required to be excavated for the reception of the immense iron wheel which is to • give motion to the extensive machinery. Temporary rail roads. are -constructed to expedite the operations, and indeed, the general bustle and well-directed efforts of the spirited contractors bid fair for the top stone being speedily laid. The mill,when finished,will present to the eye an ashler dressed stone building of four stories in height, and 370 feet in length, by 160 feet in breadth, lighted by no less than 200 .windows, , supported inter nally by upwards of 160,iron pillars, besides many cast metal beams, each weighing upwards,of a ton, for the arches of the fire-proof compartments. The masonry seems everything that could be desired, and the heavy beams and closely uniting joisting, with their accom partying massy iron supporting pillars, gives an assurance of general stability to.the whole, and has already called inrth the admiration of intelligent strangers. Greenock has long been famed for its 'shipping. The depth of water its : harbour affords, the shelter it, all times furnishes, and ''•the , abundant facilities - which it possesses for loading or discharging the 'vessels resorting 'to it, must 'ever secure for it a high place among the ports of this country ; and as it now will be able to add to these important advantages, the great additional recommendation of manufacturing in dustry, we cannot easily plaCe limits to its improvement and proTerity, and doubt not that both will keep pace with the advancement and prosperity of the empire. Whether, therefore, we retard the occupancy of these falls, which, joined, will be brought by a breast f ill of 68 feet, to bear on the machinery to be fitted up, as adding another to the many ex sting exemplifications il lustrative of the enormous power which man already possesses over the material world, or view it in connec tion with our rapidly progressing and important lm.? of railway, we cannot but hail it, progress pith teding, of deep satisfaction ; and off,r our sine,re con4ratula -110,,s on tho pleasirig prnsprct of our town being, Cr. long, benefiti.d by such establishments, the want of which has been long felt by this great trading' comniu pity.—Greenock Advertiser. The Zoological Society's gatdens have sus tained soother lo3s in the. death of the Inal which was added to the collection about six weeks since. RELIGIOUS FREEDOM SOCIETY. The Friends of this Society dined tocrether yesterday, at the London Tavern. About .120 gentlemen sat down to dinn , r, at six o'clock in the Large Room— many beim.; Dl;senting Ministers. We olis,rvi.d Mr. C. Baer, M.P. - , Mr. Evart, M P., Mr. .Eas.hurie, M.l'., Mr. Ward, M.P., Mr. Baines, M.P., Mr. Hawes, M.P., Rev. John Burnet, Rev. Dr. Cox, Hon. Mr. Langdale, M.P., J. Conder, ESq , &e. CHARLES LUSHINGTON, Esq., M.P., took the chair. The cloth having been removed, The CHAIRMAN rose and said, it was not unusual to pass over certain toasts as a matter of course ; but he felt that if he were to follow that course upon this occa sion. in reference to the toast he was about to give, he should not only do violence to his own feelings, but grievously offend the justly loyal expectations of the audience.—( Loud cheers) This toast bore an illus trious and beleved"- tiatne.—(Cheers.)-.-2ta Which all Reformers were deeply indebted, and which more re cently had been additionally endeared to them— (Loud cheers) —by a magnanimity of conduct which the plaudits of grateful millions were powerless adequately to commend—(Continued cheers)--so yOUng, and yet so firm—(Cheers) —so ingenuous and yet so discreet— (Cheers) —so exalted and yet so gracious—(Cheers)— so inexperienced in friendship, yet so faithful to her riends.—( Reiterated cheers.) By the re . cent acts of iur amiable Queen it had been shown that Royalty !out(' no lustre by decoronSly yielding to' the gene ous feelings of human impul,e.—(Loud cheers.) Her a.I jesty had evinced that she could combine the dig !my of the monarch with the tenderness of the woman —(Cneers.) Her Majesty, it might alMost be said, alt imbibed enlightened principles with h er . ear li es t autriment—educution and maturity had fortified them, aid when sae ; was brouget to. the ,test, by the xercise 'of her powers, she proved the . steadfastness at her character in the choice of Liberal ; Ministers, and. ,uhsequentiy, by . her steady attaehment to her intimate adherents —(Loud cheers.) Trusting, therefore, that' tie spoke the feelings of the whole of the meeting, he .would hail our young and amiable Queen as the Sove reign Lady •of our fealty, our hopes, Our confidence, our gratitude, and our rever e nt i a l a d m i r ation.—( Loud cheers.) And he would give 'a. Her Majesty, the Queen, with three times three."—(Drank with' all the honours and immense cheering) The next toast was the Duke of Sussex,, 7 —(Drank with great applause.) The CHAIRMAN, in rising to give the" Religious Freedom Society," said he was happy to find that local associations were to be established throughout the coun cry, for promoting civil and religious . equality.— J - ;heers.) The " Committee of Deputies," matni(tated to wateh over the Interests of the three Deno minations of Baptists, Independents, and Presbyte rians, had in view only sectional interests,; 'and the Protestant Society for' the Protection of Religious Li aerty, was by its very title confined to Protestants.— Hear.) The new Society, however, Would not be the Ippenents, hut the cordial coadjutors of these institutions. —(Cheers.) Throughout the_ kingdom its efforts would ue directed Co supporting the rights , of conscience against the encroachments and persecutions of, an arrogant, a ;rasping, a Actatorial hierarchy--(Loud and long-con ,inued cheers)—which would inflict indiscriminately, on tie country,. the Thirty-nine Articles in religion, and the Catechism in Education.—(Renewed cheer mg.) Persons of all religious persuasions were invited to join the Society, to maintain the great princi ple of the inalienable right which every man possessed, to worship God according to, his own religious convic tions.—(Cheers.) And all parties, without any distinction of religious sect, might apply to the Society for advice and assistance.—(Cheers.) The object of the Society was the most important that could- be conceived, and was too reasonable and just tor the most subtle sophistry or the most malignant bigotry to controvert, and the ulti mate effect of its operation would be proportionably noble and sublime.,---(Loud:cheers.) Still the Society must expect the opposition and misrepresentation of those whom . all equali,zing plans' . naturally- offended and alarnied.—(Cheers.) The Church of England, which claimed pre-eminence, was itself divided by opposite opinions—(Hear) —a n d included men who were guilty of the hypocrisy of rejecting the beautiful prayer of the Liturgy—" Show thy mercy upon all prisoners and _!aptives;" and the committing to gaol their fellow citizens who objected to the payment of some paltry Church-rate.—(Cheers.) How long were such atroci •ies to be allowed ?—(Hear, hear). No means could :at; more advantageous for their prevention than the ope -ation Of this Society, and, therefore, he called upon then' to respond, hea-tily, to the toist.— (Loud cheering ) The Secretary, JosIAH CONDER, Esq., then read paper from which it appeared that— . Local associations have been formed at the follow ,ig places :—Alton, Bath, Bedfordshire, Birmingham, ticistol, Cha ham, Rochester, and Strood, Cheshani, Colchester, Coventry, Essot, Frome, Qosport, ILmel Hempstead, Hull, Huntingdonshire, Leeds, Liverpool, Lymingtoo, Mis:enden, Nailsworth, Newcastle-upon ryne, Nottingham, Oswestry,_ Preston, ? Reading, Ste& Ordshire, Potteries, Stinderlasid, Swansea, Tavistock, rotnes, Truro, West Bromwich;;,Wotton Underedge, ind Dursley, .Wycombe,. Beaconsfield . , Marlow, and Woburn. Corresponding Associations at Beaminster, Fareham, Isle of Thanet, IVareham and Purbeck. The fundamental resolutions of the Society are : I.—That it is the inalienable right of every man to worship God according to his religious convictions of the Divine Will. 2.—That all compulsory support of Religious Insti tutions is manifestly unjust, and ; at variance with the spirit and principles of Christianity. 3.--That State Establishments, by which any parti cular'ehurch.or sect is selected as the object of politi cal favour 'and.patronage, and its ministeis are invested with exclusive rights and sec filar pre-eminence, involve a violation of equity towards other denominations, create serious impediments to the propagation of the Gospel, prevent religious union between the favoured and the , -xclutled sects, and are the occasion of inevitable social discord. . • . • . .And the general objects are— • 1 st,, To seem e an efficient co-operation between the friends of Religious Liberty in the British Empire, in defence of their common rights and privileges. 2d, To provide and maintain an effective agency for watching the progress of Legislation in its bearings upon the interests of 'Religious Liberty ; and for oppos ing, by all legitimate means, the passim; of Bills, or Clauses of Bills, infringing upon the Rights of Con science ; as well as for procuring the introduction and support of such Bills as may be necessary to reined) existing grievances. 3d, To obtain and diffuse information, especially among Members of Parliament, relating to any- pend ing question involvi ng religious considerations :; t o un dertake the publicati on , when necessary , ti of pape rs or Society; tracts explaining the objects o f the ety;ta prOmote, in case of any urgent occasion , petition' to sParliament and to facilitate any gener a l demonstration of public opinion in favour of such objects. 4th, To collect, arrange, and preserve statistical re turns, Parliamentary papers, and o th er documents bear ing upon the Religious Liberties of the community and to provide a depos-tory , same r ecor d s o f the descrip tion, ;c4)- tint), as. wcasesell as a Registry of legal r and decisions affecting such interests. sth, . To afford legal advice and aid to any parties ex posed to injustice and persecution on account of their a,serting- the Rights of Conscience. 6th, To correspond with Missionaries and othersin the Braish Colonies, whose circumstances may require the interposition -of the Government at home, or of the Imperial Parliament. 7th, To co-operate, by inforrnatiol or advice, in pro omting the return to Parliament of suitable reprerenta .iyes attached to the princ:ples of rel gious liberty, and -raffled to the confid , nee of the religious public. 811, To ail in promoting- the extension of Religious Liberty througi,out the world. It was stated that th- Society had not been formed more than three or four months. H. W ARD , E sq „ ALP , in proposing the health o f her Majesty's Ministers, said, a fortnight ago nothing would have induced him to give that ..oast • be ciitts3 he believed that the Ministry had disappointed the just expectations •of the country —(Hear. hear.) But now, he trusted that they had commenced a new course of action, in which they deserved the support of all Reformers.—(Cheers.) The liberties of the country were now indissolubly connected with the liberty of of our Queen—(lmmense cheering)—and it was a re markable fact, that to the firmness of so youthful a M onarch might be attributed the rescue of the count ry from Tory domination.--(lmmense cheering.) By their recent measures the Conservatives had spoiled all they had been at for the last three years.— ( Laughter, and ‘‘ Hear, hear.") But let it not he forgotten that their organization and power was still most formidable, and -that there was an urgent nt ._ cessity for close union among Reformers.—( Hear. hear.) On all great points of policy, there was a strong line or demarcation between the Tories and the Ministry, if the Ministry chose to draw that line, if they did not, they would deserve to fall, as fall as they would,—( Hear, hear.) If they did,•however, preserve chat distinction they would receive the support of the country. The toast was most drank cordially, as was the t oa , t " Civil an d R el i g i ous Lib ert y in Ireland," which w.n, proposed by the Hon. C. LANGDALE, M.P., and sup ported by the Rev. J BURNET in a most able speech. The next toast was, " Dr. Wardlaw and the Volun taries of Scotland ;" briefly responded to by 'the Rev. Doctor. Mr. WHITE, M.P., g ave—" The Voluntarie s of England," in connection with the name of Dr. Cox, by whom the toast was acknowledged. Mr. EWART, M.P. and Mr. C. BuL . LER, shortly addressed the assembly the latter' giving " Civil and Religious . Freedom in the Colonies." Mr. BAINEs, M.P. proposed " the Emancipation of the Jews." Drank with applause, and acknowledged by Mr. F. Goldsmid (a member of the Jewish persuasion), Mr. HAwES, M.P. gave the health of the Chair man, who having returned thanks, the company Si t . rated at about eleven o'clock. DUICH AND GERMAN PAPI?S. THE HAGUE MAY 10.—Hi3 Maje,rty has thought lit to appoint a Committee to examine into and report on the financial measures which may be advisable in consequence of he separation of Belgium. Sr. Edward Disbrow e. the British Amb •ssadyr at The Court of the Netherl ,nds. set out last work on a tour to tri,: Upper Ith.n , , h rr.r d at Dusseldorf' on the sth. THE HELDER, MAY 9.—His Excellency Rear-Admiral T. 0. Ryk, with his family, arriveit Ler, toiciay, in order to emb rk for Surinam ion board his .N 1 frigate Amphitrite. To-mot row is the day fixed for put tug to sea, and the wind is favourable ; it is however be lieved here that the departure will be delayed for a kw days, as some think because the equipment of the frigate, a.hich is expected from Amsterdam, is not yet complete, while others affirm that the delay is to be ascrib in to a more in:portant cause; namely that his Excellency the Governor. General is in ex,,ectation of imp(); taut des patches from Amsterdam, which are closely ctninected with matters relative to the welfare of the Colony of St.t rinam. - It is certain at alhevents-that the Admiral has neglected and will neglect nothing to priimote to the ut most of his power the welfare of the Colonies entrusted to him. " HANOVER, MAY 6.:—His Majesty, the King. has been pleased to confer the title of Privy Councillor, on the Danish Count Otto Von Biome. (This Nobleman is the brother of the Danish . Ambassador here. and is not the son-in law, but the nephew of the Count of Platen Hallermund, and the grand nep;)ew of Count Munster, the Hanoverian Minister of the two last Gebrgea. )" Oncssa, APRIL' 4.—The squadron under Admiral ~slinkuff, of four ships of the line, and a frigate, sailed on Friday evening for Sebastopal. PETER -BURGH, APRIL 24.—The winter continues, the sky is Ob.cured ;• we have snow every day, and often in the evening frost, with the thermometer at 16 and 12 (Roan. mur) below freezing point. This long continuance of cold has had a very unt:vourable effect:in several provinces. In the Baltic: provinces there is an extreme scarcity of forage, and in some districts the farmers have been obliged to take the thatch off their habitations to keep their cattle from starving. • Jassy, As-au. 24. On the 19th of April our city was on the point of becoming the theatre of , frightful scenes. A band of ruffians had formed a plan to set fire to the town in several places at once, and to murder the Ilospodar, the Bishop, and several Boyars. The Aga being inforined of the plot by some of the accomplices, has already arrested above sixty of this banditti, ,onie of whom have confessed. Some time ago the dead body of a rich Jew was found in the street, who, it is said, was invited by a Boyar to his house to settlo some pecuniary affairs With hire, .ind there murdered. I refrain from comment on this lawless State of things. A letter from Athens of the above date, which give some 'account of excessss committed by a body of 200 armed banditti, who . had * taken, and plundered the towns of Ma rathonissi,• , has the following:—•' We have just re ceived ❑ews -that the band of Klephts, which surprized Marathonissi on•the•2oth of this month, had dispersed itself, and that the disorders in that town are at an end. The 'Primate and principal inhabitants of 4erniea gave the rob hers notice that if they did not immediately quit the town, they would- march.against them •at the head of the - people. Hereup•-n the tet rifled plunderers left the town on the 24th, and dispersed without any resistance. Captain Kapetana kis, with'the King's troops, entered Marothonissi immedi ately afterwards. When this account came away tran quillity was perfectly restored in the town.-Allgemeine Zeitung, May 10. HANOVER. The Hanoverian Minister at the German Diet, has moved a general prohibition, within the federal territory, of a work published a few weeks ago ,by Professor Dahl mann, and entitled " Legal Opinions by the Law Faculties of Heidelberg, Jena, and Tubingen, concerning the Hano verian Question)' The motives stated by the Ambassador are, that the work tends_ to encourage the refusal of- taxes 'by the suect,, and that the Tubingen Faculty, especially, have openly preached the doctrines of rebellion. The 'Diet 'will 'find 'themselves -In a very unpleasant dilemma„' -IP•they accede. *to' the 'request, they will have decided that taxes mnst.. be paid by the sub jects, although they may have been . illegally demanded by the Government, or, which is the same thing, that the King may tear the Constitution to pieces, and still - go on gUvening at pleasure, and dragooning his people into obedience. Now this is exactly what his Ma jesty wants—he wants to induce the Diet to give an indirect sanction to his revolutionary attempts upon the liberties of his people. By this means he expects to neutralize the effect which the strong language of Wirtemberg, Baden, Bavaria, and Saxony, has produced among 'the German people. It is impossible any longer to conceal the part which these Governments have taken, and which has been more or less directly assented to by the rest of the Constitutional Governments. He wishes to implicate the Diet in the ignominy of his own system, to • falsify their actual views ,nd tendencies,, and ro render them the mouthpiece of his o usurpation. If the work were written in an inflammatory style—ir it were suited to the state of the vulgar—there might be a clue ter the Diet.to get out of the scrape, by saying, that, without finding fault with the contents, they cannot suffer such language to go out' without reprobation. But here are the•grave !Professors'of three learned'Facufties, expound ing the law in,the technicalities otthdlegal language, 'in quiring quirin ab evointo the, origin not only of the fundamental ass,' but Of the preltitilial. atatate_s • of the eomporterwparts of the'lclngctitn, answering the official queries addressed to thAm• by the Magistracy of Oinehrizek.' 'The Tubin gen Faculty have given the: fiftlest' cooVideratio'W to the aphject. Their answer will -ever be classed among the s::undest and the most solid expositions of constitutional Taw. They decide that the ,abolition of the fundamental law is illegal ; that the Chamber, as constituted by the King, is illegal; that the taxes demanded by the Govern ment are illegal; and that the Magistrates are not entitled, much less can they he beund, to assist in levying illegal taxes. They have given the maturest consideration to the right of resistance, discouraging its exercise in any but the most extreme cases. The following ire'specimens : By abolishing the fundamental law, his Majesty has, strictly speaking, discharged, his subjects of all their duties towards him, and the ebligation ,of obedience exists for them no longer." Nevertheless, they confine themselves to the advice of legal resistance. One of the plainest passages is the following :—" The act, which his Majesty the King Ernest Augustus has undertaken, would, if it had been executed or even attempted by a subject .of that kingdom, by the Common Law, and by the Criminal Code of Hanover. (especially art. 137), fall under the notion of high treason ; since an attempt against the Constitution, tending to alter it violently in the whole or in its parts, is there, as elsewhere, reputed equal to an attempt against th , ! safety of the King's person, or against the independence of the State. The penalty contingent upon high treason is, by the same code, in accordance with the common law, capital punishment in its severest form: Even an attempt' to bring the Con. stitution into contempt, whether by speeches to the Multitude, or by the distribution of printed papers, if proved to be_,maliciously undertaken, is, by the code, punished by severe imprisonment for two or three months, or, if the culprit ne in the public service, by dis_ missal or expulsion from the same: The application of ,uch or similar principles of the criminal law is of course out of question, except in the case of a subject of the State ; for the sacred person of the head of the State, though not in general placed above the law, i?, not amenable to its .criminal justice, much less to the tribunals of the State. From these he is screened by his character as a Monarch, and b) the want, thence resulting, of any civil responsibility. No more will the subjects of his Majesty incur the crime of high treason, ifthey do not consider as valid the patent of 1819 re-instated by him ; for in so doing 'they are, as we have shown, perfectly right ; but they would render them selves guilty of that crime if they should attempt to en farce any views hostile to the fundamental law, whether with or without any encouragement on the part of the Monarch." We may conceive that some persons in Hanover have these words thus solemnly pronounced by high legal autho. rity, still tingling in their ears I SCOTCH LAW REFORM. (PROM A CORRESPONDENT.) MR. WALLACE., OF KELLY, M.F., versus HENRY MONTEITH, AND CO. BLANTYRE INORKS, ON THE CLYDE The Assiz:•s held this week at Glasgow furnis' , another powerful stimulant in this important case of Mr. Wallace's. to urge him on in his meritorious career for reforming the Law Courts of Scotland. It is well known that the Es uary of the Clyde has been long celebrated for its fisheries. Mr. Wallace is proprietor of one of the best salmon fisheries in that noble river. Messrs. Monteith and : Co. are pro prietors of cotton-mills, which have led them to obstruct the channel, so as effectually to prevent the fish from, pas slog .up at the spawning season, and thereby to destroy the fisheries, to the injury of Mr. Wallace and the public. Mr. Wallace; therefore, brought.an action before the She riff, in the simplest and least expensive form, viz. under the Small Debt Act, limiting his claim of damage, as that Act compelled him, to 81. 6a. 81 After hearing par ties, and taking proofs on both sides, the Sheriff decerned f,r that sum in favour of Mr Wallace. But Messrs. Mon teith and Co., knowing thyir game, took an appeal to the Great Law Lords of the Court of Session, sitting in Cir cuit Court at Glasgow. The presiding Judge was Lord Medwin. Mr. Wallace defended himself in person with great ability, but it"was of no use. That Lord overturned the Sheriff's judgment, and remitted the case back to the same Sheriff, to be tried by written pamphlets, in the dumb show system! ! ! Thus in a case where the statute is knited to Si. 6s. Bd., the effect is, inestitably; that Mr. Wallace. shall either submit •Su. have his purse ex. posed to interminable plunder, and his fe• lings dis tract, d by r' the law's &lays ;" while his case, for 8/.. 6s. Bd., runs the gauntlet. Ist, of the ordinary She riff Court; 2dly, the Court of Session, and next the House of Peersi or submit, which is the wiser course, to abandon his just claim altogether, as the least of two evils!!! Far be it from us to impugn the integrity of the Judge. W e do not know Lord %1. rivviii—neverth, , lef:s we do eon. 0. mt,, in the most i•mphatic language, the sustem which outs such power into the hands of ant one man, th , it is, without a jury, and without any proof, to reverse a solemn judgment, pronounced on .a full hearing and after proof, end without pronouncing any other final judgment in its stead, in a question of 8/. 63. Bd., to consign litigants to an undefined labyrinth of litigation. If ►he Lord had re niitted the case to he tried b. the Sheriff Ind a Jury l,•ss might have been said ; but as it is. the eff et . is mockery of justice in such a eas-. It seems also an in'ringu•mrr.t of the understood •‘ fioality" of the working of the Sm II Debt Sheriff Court Act in Sco•lat , d, and u , • do hope and trust this Will not escape the notic ,, of the Legisl formed that Statute to lessen the expense, and shorten I litigation in questions of small amount. DOVER, MAY 14.—1 n the course of ast night three expresses arrived, and this tnnrning a frmrth", ani al together no fewer then nine hosts have's!, ived fro hl Fra - ne«• with dispatches or letters. IN TELL IGENCE. HOUSE OF LORDS-MAT i 5. SHORE AND OTHERS V THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL Air. K. 13au.cE addressed their Lordships up to two o'clock, on behAlf of the respondents in this Appeal. and in .upport q•I the Deur e , • t:f the Court below Ti'o Leart,d C. , otr, c-ot tuded her. 'he la,rd Chaneeto: vv,s oi:ligu.! to j• av, to 'l , l , nd •C bowl. Cou•o•Tl, the !a , o0(1 , tler,11;ott of t e ease wa, a.ijour:“. d sine die CETaAL Cii Ai. C :URT. (YESTERDAY.) —_ws: ✓ ~~ NA IV COURT. Henry Williams. a well-dtes,ed youth, was indicted for s , e,,linex silk tr,.ntik.•rcnief on the 24th of April, the pro peny of Jut C--ris•ian Smith from his person. The pro, eu7or Stat..l th h.• was pis sing ~ ser Eirnige with his wife wh.•n he felt a su,iden tug at his pocket, and instantly missed his handkerchief. The prisoner was near him with a handkerchief in his hand, which he appeared to put into the back part of his trousers. The prisoner was delivered over to the policeman. Cross-examined by Mr. C. JONES—My name is Just Christian Smith ; sometimes I am called " Jesse," and my wife called me so that evening. When the prisoner was searched at the station-house the handkerchief was not found upon him. Several persons were passing at the time of my loss. A gentleman interfered, and said unless I vas quit , ! sure I had better not give the prisoner into ••ustody. I gave that person in charge as an accomplice, and attempting to rescue the thief. That person turned out to be a respectable housekeeper and a stranger to the prisoner, and he was discharged on Monday morning. He had since sent me a lawyer's letter, and threatened an action for false imprisonment. I never told the prisoner's friends that I could make a flaw in the indictment, and thereby ensure his acquittal. I never said I would make it up if they would pay 11. 13s. 4d which were the costs claimed in the threatened action. I have since seen the handkerchief:in the possession of the Governor of the Compter, where the prisoner was confined. He is not here with it to-day. Mary Smith was called• to confirm her husband. In her cross-examination she said her husband offered to let the priSoher go if he would restore the handkerchief, but he deelared he had not got it. She understood that.the pri soner's friends had importuned her husband to settle the matter. ii;.JONES, in his address to the Jury, remarked upon the fact of the handkerchief not being produced, there being no proof that it was taken from the prisoner. The Jury, considering the case not proven, returned a verdict of acquittal. ; The COMMON SERGEANT told the 'prisoner that he was, very fortunate as he had been convicted before. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. BOW-STREET. Yesterday the thirteen members of the Democratic As sociation, who were remanded on Saturday last on a charge of being found in a house in Shipyard, Temple-bar, for certain seditious and treasonable purposes, were brought up.for final examination. Sir F. Roe, after conferring with Mr. Wooller, who appeared for the defence, went to the office of the Home Secretary, and on his return the prisoners were placed at the bar. Mr. R, COBBETT, the barrister, appeared on behalf of the prisoner Ireland. Sir F. ROE informed Mr. Cobbett that he had received a letter which had been sent to Superiutendent Massy respecting his client, but as it was anony mous he should take no notice of its contents, nor should it prejudice his case, but with the consent of the Learned Counsel it should be handed over to Mr. Taylor, the prisoner's employer. As to the whole of the party, since they were brought before him on Saturday, he had taken considerable pains in looking over the mass of papers which had been found upon them when they were taken into custody,. and subsequently having had communication with their legal advisers, he was enabled to make, up his mind what course to pursue, which he hoped would be attended with happy results. He had seen by the papers then before him, that an Association had existed, of which it appeared ten of them bad been members, and it so closely touched upon being an illegal as sociation, they were in danger of being led into considerable trouble, Associationa,of a-.similar kind had on other' Occasions been' put down by the laws, as the mem bers might have been led to commit illegal acts ; and he put it to their good sense whether they ought to render them selves liable to a prosecution, as be intended in the present instance to discharge them all. Such as excused themselves by say ing they had no knowledge of arms being in the room, he would remind that they were responsible in common with others for any violence which might have been com mitted, and the papers which had been found sufficiently showed the proceedings of the Association to be of a sedi tious tendency. Some of them might suppose they were acting rightly; but' they might at the same time be led to the commission of illegal acts by more designing men then themselves. He hoped they would be more cautious in future, in consequence of _the lenient course he was about to adopt by taking bail for their good conduct, and all re turn to their lawful pursuits, as their conduct in future should be closely watched. Mr. WooLca - observed that the prisoner Ward was ap prehended in the street, and he considered no bail would be required for him. Sir F. ROE said he was happy to have received such a favourable account from the employer of Ire land, who. had acted-as • Treasurer, and as the bail of one householder in 30L .for their good behavi our for the next six months, was not large,' he hoped they would all return to their:industrinus and sober habits. As t6 the prisoner Waddingtbn, .he was so p oor h e cou ld not procure bail, and. as he had reason; from a former occurrence, to consider him a weak and foolish man, he might he discharged, but the banners and other things which were taken should be detained. Superintendent Massy produced sixteen pence, which were the only funds he could find the Association to be in possession of, and he applied to know what was to be done with it. Sir F. Roe desired he would hand it over for the benefit of the poor of the parish, in which the prisoners were apprehended. In the subsequent part of the day, the entire of the prisoners were bailed by their friends, and they were all discharged. SAINTS AND SINNERS, OR SUN DAY SMOKING! At Hatton Garden Police-office, James Hill, tobacconist, of White Conduit-fields; was summoned before Mr. Be nett, by the parish officers of Islington, charged with hav ing exercised his wordly calling on the sabbath-day. Abrahams, a constable, proved that on Sunday afternoon, about five o'clock, he was passing by the defendant's shop, when he saw him serve some tobacco. Mr. Oldershaw, solicitor for the parish, said that all the parish required was that the defendant should keep his shutters up and close his door on the Lord's day. The defendant said if he was to do so he would be ruined, and he might as well sell his business altogether. His shop was near White Conduit House Tavern, and his principal custom was on Sundays. That tavern could sell tobacco and cigars on Sundays, and he did not see why he should be selected for persecution when his neighbours were allowed to•keep open with impunity. ' Mr. Oldershaw said that the defendant had had an inter view with the Committee fur the observance of the Sab bah, who thought it was a hard case, but they pressed that his goods might not be exposed to public view. Defendant—l must take down one of my shutters. Mr. BENETV said he was friendly to a liberal view in such cases. The law was on all on the side of the parish; hut as, public-houses could sell their tobacco on Sundays, he thought that some allowance ought to be made for the persons in the Mendota's trade. He, as a magistrate, could not propose, but he would recommend the case for consideration, and that the defendant should merely pay the costs. The defendant expressed his determination to keep his shop open on Sundays, and resist the parish prosecutions, ,s the profits of his business on that day alone would enable him to pay the fine. Mr. Benett said he must convict him, and with the con currence of Mr. Oldershaw he was ordered to pay the ersts, and the case was left for the consideration of the committee. • Mr. Wm. Hollingsworth, bootmaker, of Camden -street, lilington, yip's next charged under similar circumstances. The defenriar,t said that he was determined to keep open :;is shop on Sundays. The.parish prosecuted for the sake of the fines. Mr. Mailett said that the parish gave their moiety of he penalty to the poor-box. The case being proved, he was convicted in the penalty if ss. and costs. Several other shopkeepers were summoned who also expressed their determination to keep their shops open. Some of them were convicted, whilst others were merely ordered to pay the costs. A Lco ttot,.—Wed nesday night, Mr. Law, a , emperance advocate, delivered a lecture on temperance, in the Secession Church, Abbey Close. IP this lecture, al cohol was brought to trial, when the heart, the liver, the brain, the mouth, and other organs were cited as witness against him, and all of them certainly gave him a very bad character. Mr. Law summed up, and though he seemed disposed to give the culprit Law, and it may be justice, be had evidently very little mercy in store for him. The jury, with only five recusant voices, pronounced a verdict of guilty, whereupon the prisoner at the bar was placed. not at the stake, but in a saucer: a match was applied to him, and he Vanished in a blue flame.—Paisley Advertiser. Madame Sala's long -announced concert took place on Monday morning at WillWs ft , oms. and was at. te..ded by a very large and numerous audience. In conse quence of a rehearsal of one of the Ancient Concerts, a number of the sirwers we , e unable to attend early, and the programme was necessarily somewhPt boulev6rse. How ever none of the pr.)mised treats were withheld, and the audience were evidently gratified. Miss P. Horton's " Where the bee sucks," was deservedly encored ; Mr. and \Warne fildlfe repeatedly charmed all present. Several other more or less eel brated shivers contributed to the am. semetrt'of the company. Altiertazzi was as b autiful, and sang as charmingly as ever ; but if we were asked which ~ f the many singers pleased us most, we should say unhesitatingly Madame Stockhausen, in her simple but af fecting German air. The chaste purity of this lady's style, and the un , ff ,, c ed sweetness of her tones, must ever insure her he prefer Two of tho , se who seil in vocal music an f.xpr es ,i oo of tit— softer and inon• agr,eahle feelings of our • nature.. VVillialn Gray, tn aster.,ol..the Pentland Skerry diag Boat, stationed at the siLtnal stAff' hail-c, iti the ishriel of South Ronaldsay, a very resree:- able Man' in his s :here, who had attained the age of eighty-ft-ur, and hi= vOfe of eit2hty' thr , e ears, both diwi on t h e roornina of the-Ist of May eurr.•nt, the ime at six, and the oth rPt s-vuti oirlock Af• w days prier to thi s. M “rice who had also b corm , curl with lo• lig'ttiinose boat died at the ,ad'..ant. , a: . 2c „i , • years.-,:-Seotch•Paper. EVPINTNC , ti',DTTTO RN AVERAGES. AVERAGE PRICES OF BRITISH CORN, For the iNe,h. ended May ":0, 1 , 00, made up from the Rffturus of the insi , ic , etriri in the itintrent Cities and TQwns in EtiglanA and v'alc , . per imi , erial 'Quarter, • AT;ii.,it no. Oat., " 9 ". iiyet rease 38. i sd , AOC.REOATE AVVRAGF., OF THY , ' V•F VI. 1. , CFI, • -'' . 37 10 ? :3;4 3 Ryc . • , DuT.Es CORN. litlt o.4ts is s. Hears .. I{7l - .3 ` 4 "I 1 13'e d. P, se ****** I"'t4• 60. THE MARKETS. COAL MARKEf.—May 15. , s. (1., s. a Adair's 6 Leaze's Main , null) Hartley. .... IS 0 Walls End Lambton ... : 'Pantield Aloor ... NestTanfie ld 01 0 N.Vy tarn ' ' 19 3 Wails nd Whttwell ... Walls End Be3icke and Co. 20 6 Walls End Brown's Deanery li ~° Walls End Gogforth Walls End Heaton Walk End Hilda 0 0 Wa , ls End Tees Tanfield ... 16 '' Walls End Kihingworth. . 19 9 Walls End Tees 2. 0. 3 0 Walls End Newmarch .... . 19 9 Walls End Tees Hetton Wills End Riddell's • 2O 0 Walls End West Tees ....... ; 9 `' Walls End Walker 2:i 0 Brampton Main ...., ........ .. 17 ,4 ' ...hip arrived since last market-313y, 51. -OUNTRY CORN MARKETS DURING THE \VEEN • W heat. Barley. Oats. Beans. Pease. s. to s. 22. 30 23 16 22. '26 30 20 25 26 30 -20 . 30 23 26 22 29 29 34 20 20 22 29 20 27 20 25 28 32 20 24 2.2 32 17 29 20 25 22 26 —I 21 22 65 70 132 36 30 32 CHELTENHAM 124ARKL Per Bushel. a. d. to a. d Fe Wheat darley 4 2 5 2 Mutton .... Oats 3 6 4 3 Veal ...... Beans 4 9 5 6 Pork Pease ' 4 6 6 0 Lamb Hay 31. 15s to 4/. 4s. Oct per ton. NEWCASTLE CORN EXCHANGE.—May 11. Now. Wheat, Northumberland 5O, 723. s4s. 74 .1 Norfolk and Suffolk... ........ 68s 765...... 695. 76.. Berwick and Scotch 62s. &i 5.... —a. --- Foreign Rye, Nerfalk and Suffolk • 32s 38s —s. Foreign Barley, Malting, Norfolk and Suffislit 4ls. 43s —s. Grinding and Feeding 34s. 365. Malt, Norfolk and Sutiblk 66s t'6. Beans, Small --s —5...... 44. 475. Pease, White sos 525. ... Gray 42s 455....... - -46 Oats, Northumberland, Potatoe 275. 28a. 27a. 295. Feed Foreign Flour (per sack) 5Qs. 51s. —s. Per quarter Abingdon—. Andover elirmingtiam liridport.-- Cirencester ... Faringdon:.-- Guildford Henley Hereford...—., Highworth Maidenhead,., Monmouth Salisbury South anapto 11 Stroud Tewkesbury... Uxbridge Wantage Wanninster— Windsor Worcester.... S. to S. 64 " 80 74 .52 63 811 73 80 64 61 65 SO • 68 80 72 78 63 88 64 70 63 75 64 74 64 75 64 74 65 , 75 63 74 S. to S. 30 34 29 31 30 40 32 '36 7• 32 26 30 28 .35 k 26 32 26 .' 32 32 42 24 36 32 34 25 35 30 34 33 40 28 36 d. tO 8. 6. t' L ..... 33 ts 4 -- 70 74 63 72 67 70 28 32 24 34 27 M 32 40 - ▪ 43 - 46 - 51 34 44 31 40 33 42 41 46 roa. -. •"' _ "'t-" ... ... .. 34 'a ~,.. 35 '. :.; - cm. ...... _ - 40 33 42 36 40 48 - 48 33 - .. - , 46 40 d. „d• 7 . 9 7 0 8 0 0 SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. (LLOYD'S.) HARWICH, MAY 14. A loaded brig i s on s h o re On Lb: lower end of the Gunfleet Sand, and a loaded sloop se on the West Rocks this morning. The Upton Castle, sailed for Mauritius 7th Nor. f° : Londop, was spoken off the Cape of Good Hope 12° December, and has not Since been beard of. r. VESSELS SPOKEN WITH.—The Brothers, Surn,g a t ra l to Liverpool, 7th ult., Off Cap e d e C a tt ; Star oflui West, Liverpool to Alexandri a , .16th,,out 30 days; J ac to Tar, Odessa to Liyerpool, 28th Bragariza, Oporto h. London, same day, and Geo. Anson, Smyrna. to Liverpool Bth inst., out 13 days, by the North Briton. James, arrife at. Glandore; Julia, Hilbrands, Amsterdam to Surin B° ' the 14th ult., lat. 44., long. 13., by the Douro, arrived 1 0 Texel. EAST INDIA SHIPPING. Arrivals.—Madagascar, W a lk er , f rom B e ngal off FY; mouth, sailed 22d Ja n uary, C a p e , 6th March, °"' Helena, 19th March. The Arrivals in Table Bay (Cape of Good Hopc.) -- , Munster Lass, Carreio, F e b ruar y 24 t h, f rom St. He' ell- a Commodore Preble, Eldrid ge , 24 t h, f ro m Bo sto sailed 3d March for Wh a li ng ; H ope , Grina nci ! n, il from New Bedford ; Harf or d, H owes , from Boston; , for Al Liam, Hamlin, fr o m G reenoc k, an d sa il e d sd Marc a b Bay : t n h, Bombay Hope Steamer, C o x, 25th, from Algo a and Mossel Bay ; Catherine, Brown, from on Ref' nolds, Janet, Wingate, from Rio Janeiro; City 0 . nolds, from Batavia, and sailed 3d March, for Hamburg ; Fairfield, Abbot, from Liver and sailed 2d March , for , Calcutta ; from for South Australia ; Veems, Semonger,_ 26 6, d London ; Malabar, Dunlop, 26th, from Mauritius, al! , sailed sth March, for Greenock, Mingles, Carr, (!tn_ from Canton and Manilla, and sailed sth ' March, ter, Cadiz ; Nine, Denny, 28th, frOni Gottenburg an d Dunbar; Mary and Jane, Winter, 28th, frota London ; Regent Packet, .M‘Donalcl, 28, from Stet tenberg Bay; - Atlas, Hunt, 28, from Mauritius; Sabine, Gilette, 28, from Bourbon; Rosabella, Door, from B i d taviai Burlington, Lovel, from Batavia, and sailed' 2 March, for Antwerp ;" M'Farlane, March 1, frog Canton, and sailed the 3d for. Amstetdarn ; 'Asia, Patter son,. frotty Isleivcastle;= Stirlingshire; ;from Rio Janeiro i Beneoolen, Gilbert, 2; from Singapore ; Helena, Long, 2, from Algoa Bay ; Le Bellone, 2, from Bourbon ; Sancho Panza, Laucillan, from St. 'D° - mingo ; Montreal, Tessier, 3, from London for 8 1 W River; Gem, Ludlow, from Su.' Harbour: Oxon, Art, from Prince Edward Island; Hendrik Wester Van --gr f Madras, 3, from Amsterdam ; Wellington, Liddell, 5, fr° lll eb' 24, Arrival in Simon's Bay—Champion, Driag , Bart ,, from Swan River., Passengers—Sir James,Stirling.,_ A. R.N., Lady Stirling, six children, and three servan".2.sq., Stirling, Esq., W. B. Andrews, Esq., -- Shot!, Mr. Von Bitra, Mr. M. B. Brown, Master E. Departures from Table B a y, C a p e of Good H t t Pe tii The Airey, Nicholson, F e b. 25, f or London • DIP- a nd Buckham, 27, for Bombay, Asi a; Gillies, il ar ch 1, a te Urchin, Gilbert, for London; Mazeppit, Tate, 2. 0 th Algoa Bay ; Arabian, Brown, M arc h' 3, for Ne w S for Wales; and Woolsington, —, Burrows, March • , Mauritius. • . - BISHOP GOODMAN'S ‘f. MEMOIRS. , v- COURTS OF ELIZABETH A N D J AM E S I."—Bishop Goowi--0 was a celebrated man in his time. Living from th e re , it of Elizabeth till the government of ,Cromwell, he,.`"Aier his zenith as a celebrated preacher and theologicalL .- n( 1- in the time of James 1., by whose favour, and the D- 0 - s al ship of Bnckingham, he was promoted to the O ise , 'be see of Gloucester. During the " Great Rebellion 'e was plundered of his property, and compelled to ° s o obscurity, solacing his poverty by reading, writing, , t be gossip, till 16155, when he died ; leaving behind 11 1 30 1- manuscript of this work, which was deposited in th e at !elan Library at Oxford. He was a constee i r es ' os, tendant at Court, was familiar with King Of intimate 'with the favourite, and on a ,foo t, „T,ticial private intercourse with many of the leading P: gene actors, who treated him w ith c urrent news a nd l is hoP facts. The result is a very agreea bl e wor k. The 0 . ptid was a contemp orar y o f near l y a ll h e re l ates — o n e): - 11 the an ear' witness of a goOd deal ; he was - acquainted :lit ibex; men he depi c t s , an d fa m ili ar w i t h t h e mariners lie dentally describes. Though not much of a philni he is a man of obs erva ti on an d wor ldl y sense , as vv e s od an honest chronicler: if a gossip, he is withal courtli le y scholarly, with well cultivated university logic and L a : P aste cant style, to which the quaintness of his age and °pia. peculiarities give a dash of character. The work coocter., a very agreeable melange of anecdote, personal chaf a r ,sr, and court manners. There are also touches and jolt, Ot lion, which to the biographer of the period will °'" value.—Spectator. in Bell's Life in London, of Su n d a y May i"' s on' contain the fullest a nd mos t aut h ent i c accoun t of % s et Races, with original remarks, and a Portrait of the e see of the Derby, by Mr. Herring; interresting connected with the turf, cricket, acquatics, chess' r )is ctir trianism,' trotting, and every variety o f s porting 5 _, P i i i t o of with ample details of the p o liti ca l an d d omes tic incio e 98 , the week. Bell's Life in London of Sunda" , °Sind will contain an accurate Engraving of the New fife' Stand at Ascott. Price of Bell's Life in Lonfl° # ' e for pence. Bell's Life in' London is published in th' e il o o ck the agents to send off by the Birmingham two o ifed train on Saturday's, by which a rr a ngeme nt it is r e in Birmingham on Saturday evenings. 40 1,1/ GENTLEMEN'S ELEGANT FLAT o `i WATCHES are offered, price Nine Guineas eacn,' - suited to wear in the waistcoat pocket, engine turneo ,— ,„ e e o s P enamel dial, And hand to mark the seconds: The nl o , ° ;7lo , Lt e l :t, on the celebrated horizontal construction, with gel.'ronw continue going while winding, jewelled, &e., and T. COX SAVORY'S, o rs f r°ll ' Watchmaker,' &c., No. 47, Cornbill (Savers -° e. Gracechurch-street), London. 0 112 14 N.B. Second-hand Watches, Plate, &c. purehased in e ' • ItSt PLATED TABLE DISH CO ) ,; now ,s Guineas the Set.—A.P. SAVORY a n d SONS, tbe turing Silversmiths, No. 14, Cortthill, London ("PP °sl' Bank of England), submit for choice in their Platejgs, many patterns of strongly plated TABLE DISH CO for with Silver handles and mountings, and stout Silver shiel engraving the Crest or' Coat of Arms, price from lb gul to 20 guineas.the set of four. had N. B. A Pamphlet of the Prices of Plate may be application. BIRTHS. the l ad " On the 4th inst., at Inhurst-house, neat Newbury' of Th omas Kiry,s., R.N., of a daughter r ., sioir On the 14th i bnk Fat Clapham-ri se , the lady . of Ge ° i° son, Esq., of a son. Oro. On the 15th inst , at Holmes-t err ace Kentish - t" wn , , .1. J. Gornalves Baste, of a son. -------------- of MARR IED. „., , On the 9th inst.. at Chath T. F. Jackson, r' s 'glit°' Lodge-hill, near l' h Kent, nn Jane p • hard, ( 13° °' Aoc ester, to rite of of Robert George, Esq Chatham la" f . On the 14th inst , at . ' Hampstead . , Mr. Joseph Langr o ,g., • Brighton, to Annie . , only daughter of Thomas Ansell , "" Hampstead. ' nr° lll ,l On th e 14th i nst , at the c h urc h o f the Poly Trini t y , seria l — ton, Edward Horneastle Smith, Esq., t, Adelaid e.tor Lie daughter of the late Dr. G. R. Baillie, Deputy InsP ec neral of Hespit;,;s ___.---------- D IE On the . 16th inst., in Berkeley-square, the Earl of Pol` liz ' i° his 86tear.- On the sth inst., at Old Battery-house, Bright;as Eliz abeth' relict of the late Captain Mills. - —.ore t I. , ,ndnyt I'rint erl ""() V ( t M The , _, r 1 Thurso y,, i 1