The Sun. — London, England, 1821-10-15 00:00:00

a yd 12 NUMBER 9091.] _ ...,. ., ,,,t4 5 :„.1i.c. " . 1:-i. i.:70.,..._,.,,,,,,,,:.t.,.. \„• 4,33_ , . ,,,, , 4:4_,, , , 4/ t5, ‘: .t0,,,, ,, ,,yir:::,,,,,,,, . I 4.1.1,4.k . , . .. ••••••- 1 ' • , ', N,v.• • ',"t , `;; - ' _ L- lbi - . ;t . I , t • ' f . - 4 - ~,-4 ,- 11•Aioter-,, - :i , ,'„,, -- --c - ',, • • _ TU 'e , ;., ,, v . •': :ta /0 . .• il .., 44 •c• ,„ 11:4• -4'.; , ' ty„ il ;•• • ' / ; is 14,,L, a'a MONDAY, OCTO,BER 15, 1821. ISLE OF THANET AUXILIARY BIBLE SOCIETY. A PUBLIC MEETING will be held in the ASSEMBLY ROOM, ROYAL HOTEL, MARGATE, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, the 17th Instant, for the purpose of F ORMING an AUXILIARY BIBLE SOCIETY for the ISLE of THANET. - - The Right HOn. the EARL of LIVERPOOL is expected to take the Chair, atl)ne &Clock precisely. ANTI-MILDEW CANVAS. MESSRS. • BROWELL and CO., No. 23, Aldermanbury, have lately received a Letter from Mr, 'William Chambers, an eminent Sail-maker at Yarmouth, which amply proves the advantage to the SHIPPING INTE REST attending their Invention ; he says, " That having .had considerable experience for the last nine years of various • hinds of Canvas, some bleached and others brown, which bad Undergone the Anti -Mildew process, lie found all were im proved in ,oftness and appearance, all had invariably resisted !'re re but -171"iltrt Taiteii• longer thir, unprepared Canvas within is kno wledge ; he apprehends that the process kills the le g eta ti"g principle in flax and hemp, and he finds that Sails made of the darkest coloured cloth, after short exposure to -the Weather, become white as if bleached."—The process is effected for ss. per Bolt of all 'qualities used . for Stores, Sails, ;iWnin E r S, or Tents, and is returned in a few . days the same l ength and breadth as when delivered.—Canvas ready done Maj. be bad of Messrs, GUTHRIE and CHALMERS, Idol )ar'e and of Mr. ANDERSON, Crown-court, Philpot-lane, marked with a Red Crown and letter B. • T-INFQUALLED TRAVELLING TO - DOVER, DEAL, RAMSGATE, MARGATE AND CANTERBURY. P OUR INSIDE COACHES, AND KEEP GOOD TIME BY By S. A. MOUNTAIN and Co. SARACEN'S HEAD INN, SKINNER-STREET, SNOW HILL, LONDON. • THE following POST-COACHES,MAIL ")M-11 &c. set out from the above Intl:— The " Telegraph" DOVER, Deal, Ramsgate, Margate, tatiterburv, Fevershani, and Sandwich, new 'Post-Coach every Morni ng at a q uarter inist 7 o'Clock.—ln consequence 01 the d ec i ded preference given to the' above Coach, the Pni- I'rietors are determined no expcnce shall be spared to render it the first conveyance on that road. 13R°N1 PTON, Chatham, R o ch es t er , St rou d, Sitti ng b o u r n e and Rainliani, every Morning at a quarter past 7. FALMI-T, .. 7 eyrnutli, Derces- Plymouth, Exeter, it DartOU T mouth, and S a li s b ury, every morni o ng at Seve h n ; :,"loosh fioniton, Axminster', Bridport, lilandford, Basing , and Bagstiot. TWIT) , The Ur • " S OUTHAMPTON, Lymington, Winches at Basing s t o k e Basingstoke New Four Inside Coach, every Morning eig h t;Fi arrives at the Coach and Horses, Southampton, by F ight a most delightful Conveyance to the Isle of. c h g'tt, Jerse Guernsey, St. .Maloes, Havre de Grace, io - r erb lu , h PrOpsietors of the above Coach hope Weeeive' a ' con ' tinitanee that support which has hitherto , experienced since the commencement of the" Union.' ra cing with other Coaches. ii, RA TI - land BRISTOL Fl y i ng P ost -C oac h es, t hr ough Chip tt- 'll " n '. Marltiorough, every Afternoon at •on t i Lo, -I a ~i. e t Mr. May' s , the Gr ey h oun d I nn , B at h , an d t Tavern, Thomas -street, and the Swann, Bristol, next C oache s to Wells, Bridgewater, Taunton, and Th N e a N IVERPOOL Light Coach, only one .I)_ighton the RO ' ad " rying Four Inside, sets out Daily at .‘Pie; arrives at Liverpool next afternoon at Never ) , through 11 ?e u rs r t i o '' n e N , ° L rft ic h b a fi l t e lp id to:ii, iVelford, Lutterworth, Hinckley, rington and Preston. Stone, Newcastle, Kuritsford, War, e‘ - " Y Ev SUREWS BURY, Wellington, and Shiffnal, POst-Coach eningat Five.—Guarded. htsry W7YNlOUTld,Dorchester, Blandford, Blackwater, Bags hot, and Basiogstoke new G t 7p t , - "eb, eevery Afternoon. The Welmouth Packets to Ti e", 'Jer sey, Cherbourg, St. Nlaloe s, RocKINGu: _ ANI LEEDS new light Coach, sets out 4 g 1 1 . % ry Mr "lng, at - Eight; and passeS through Baldock, Big ste-watle, - Eaton Siiron Greetharn, Grantham, Bawtry, ,Newark, Retfo;d, Doncaster, and Ferrybridge, to st a ,, q `" c ßlen Lio n , L eeds, next morning at Ten. Nutwith a"ig th e uncommon Expedition 'of this Coach, it is vt,owed, to b e the most agreeable and.complete. Public Con- G a nee on the North Road, being unequalled by any other. LA-sers,,,.. Longtown, Gretna-green, Annan, Dumfrie', dad ad u nt, Thornhill, S anquhar-Kiln, Canmock, Kingswell, t.Parts of Scotland, a Post Coach (daily).• •- ie ;/ Scarborough, Whitby, Shields, Sunderland, Edinburgh, New Post Coach, with a Guard Newark""t ; sets out every Morning at Nine, by way of Retford,~Urh T a d caster, Darlington, Northallerton, a.txt, Moipeth, and Berwick. Passengers finding them ptr e' filOgted on the journey, may rest what time they 'e, and then proceed without any additional Fare. thARLBOROUGH and Swindon, new four-inside Coach, Dev,°.ugh Aldbourn, Reading, Lainbonrn, Parton, LYding . tOn, bkr.s.e.Y, Wootton Basset, Ramsbury. flongerford, and New ) , every Morning' `"GENORTH, Walsal, Shrewsbury, and Holyhead ri ne ~ 1 4 Coach, every evening. t 'OSTr, "4 it `•.'N, Spalding, Petei borough, Stilton, and Hunting %l4,p4 'Mail Ccnich, every Evening to Spilsby ?. Louth, uY, and Hull, Afternoon at a Quarter before six. Zith p r ,„LE, Pertrith, and Whiteharen Post Coach, goes i T onKl, - " r ,littraes, and a Guard all the way, passes through S Greta-bridge, .Richmond, Catterick, Bo- L s -out -Kt .Wittherby, Abertiird,Poncaster, and Grantham. gtea test t e ,, te !,Y Morning, and performs the journey with the 'less 0 , Passengers detained on the Road by husi bon, ' Pteasttre have the peculiar advantage of their Seats , E -4„evurlAl to the next CoaCh. e Cli or i e U AL , Lancaster, Preston, Kirby-Lonsdale, Bolton, noOn Otrnskirk and Car•tan , Post Coaches, every -After .. a t F ire. , 3 and Li "1"00L, Warrington, Knutsford, Stone, Stafford, be 6 tchaold new light Four luside Post Coach, called The liear r ee t every Evening at Five o'Clock, to the Saracen's Inn Dale-street, Liverl. IetiIE„,PIELD Post -Coach . every Morning. Wick, N ' I ER, Newport, Wfiitechurch, Tarporley, Nampt- ort at ° Clock h% yteli, and Middles ich Post-Coach, every Evening SU~ '''' IVlorni R LAND, Stockton, and Yarm Coach,. every mAgg? to th e G eorge Inn, Sunderland._ 4 0d Vtr o % ll lsTEit, Winsl ow ; C ong l eton , Newcastle, Walsal,f ter t , oo4 every pion new F our In si d e Post-Coach,- A lb SHErp,. and Rotherham Post-Coach, called the Rock e,ery I%lorning. pi,vl.3lll\Gl-lAM Post Coach, sets out every Afternoon at Leazitclarroying Four Inside ; and passes through Warwic l k i , itr eet, and Daventry, to the Saracen's Head, Bu •-• ' rt n.togham, next Morning at Ten. t.sutivi!HU Le,veLrlyncVino,iNnionr‘t,licave, Howden, and Doncaster, Post to Abe Cross Keys, Market-place, et). Mot* N i FORD, Ware, Holdesdon, and Cheshunt • Coach %ilsrpEn, n g. If_ P • TwHAM and Ed monton Coaches (daily), at Eleven, ast '• A N/ and Eight. .ri OLN VAIN and Co. respectfully acquaint their 11).ellps and the Public, that they will not be accountable for 414,,`Itreels, Passenger's Luggage, Writings, Plate, ic.c. of went tt y iaysesPuohut,cfsaVallueiif lost stolen, or damaged, on "' the s 4. tl nsurance paid for accordingly, lacen's ilea.: Inn. now hill, London. But it was necessary that this fl et should first have possession of the Channel • ; and flip Captains who commanded it, in con sequence of the inexperience of miinv, and the indecision of others (though there were bOnourabli; eXceptions), were such as to render avictory impossible. As to success after the - lan:ling, I leave it to eminent military comm.nt-ders to determine by their skill ana experience the chances of victory and defeat. I con fine myself to a statistical view of zgn2ilitary and naval fOrce of Great Britain. Instead of attacking the British ctiipire in its'eentre, it would . . have been more advailtageous to la - fill:in Ireland. But it would have been necessary to have made tliis attempt, with a great ex pedition. Had General Bilonapatv, instead of conquering Egypt, proceeded with his army of Italy to Ireland, that coml.- ' try would certainly have been to England, and British power would have sustained an irr.ipa-rable blow. By landin g in the Bay of Galway, to proceed a..:eiwards along the banks of the Shannon, a fine position woulcl -have been occuPied. Ire land would have been thrown into ineturrection, the natives arm ed and organized in corps, and tht, English driven - out of that island. We fomented the revolt of -the Irish by sending them trifling succours. They were the I..etZins of their" confidence, and frightful massacres followed lie.'4surrection. At the time when our 'i.fantilia. - ttektny, Jiadeompleted its glory by the cair.;iaign and Erigl - amt ; 0 - 1 , ; s it,et. Daval Frince anti Spaiiiite' Cape. Trafalgar, secured a long duration to her maritime ,pre ponderance. Being relieved from all fear of invasion, she aban doned the defensive system, and gradually adventured an of fensive war. She failed in her first attempt against Spain, 'un der General Moore ; and against Belgium, under Chatham.,- Instructed by these reverses, she,.learned to connect more per fectly her military and naval operations ; to employ more abun dance and fitness in her means, more prudence in her plans, and more vigour in the execution. The army which the naval force at Corunna saved from destruction was soon after brought back by that same force to the Peninsula, where, supplied and supported by the navy, it balanced during five years the success of the French troops Portugal and Spain, -Which countries became the tomb of the armies of Austerlitz and Jena. The Republic of the United States has gained a real advan tage in the struggle which it has had to support, since it has procured the ratification, at .the conclusion of the peace, of the conditions which Great Britain refused to concede before the commencement of the war. Nevertheless, if we are to believe the English, the Americans have suffered more than their ene mies, to judge by the comparative table of the ships of war cap tured, as we find it in Mr. James's book : By the English, 22 vessels carrying 330 guns, having 2,430 men, measuring 6,714 tons. _ By the Ame'r'icans, 9 vessels carrying 171 gunk, having 919 men, and measuring 3,314 tons. Merchant vessels taken and made fby the English, 1,699 good prize - by the Americans, 1,200. Nevertheless, the English were compelled to conclude a peace because to the public 1,699 captures, divided between the ships of war and privateers, were fltr from being able to compensate the losses, the bankruptcies, and the disorders caused to society by the seizure of 1,200 merchant vessels laden with riches of national industry. The late struggle, supported with so much honour by the. United States against England, is extremely remarkable, con sidered with relation to the art of naval warfare. At the mo ment when the war between the two powers began, the Eng lish were satiated with success over our navy. In vain did some admirable battles prove to them what French ships well armed and well directed were capable of performing. They knew that in all circumstances Napoleon sacrificed his navy to his army— that he made serve as sappers the workmen engaged for the construction of vessels, and that he used as infantry the marine gunners and the crews of his ships. England trusted that he would lead them to their destruction by land, before they should be in a condition to be formidable by sea. Certain of almost never encountering any but ships manned by recruits and inexperienced'sailors, the English abandoned themselves to security. They relaxed more and more from that activity and that frequency of military exercise which hadrendered them so formidable. They looked upon themselves rather on a peace than war footing ;in fact, pfl Erkglialzsbips,,,eruiSins in all seas, scarcely in the course of a whole year engaged in a dozen of single combats which would merit the title of a naval action. Thus 98-100ths of the British Navy remained upon a war footing without having once in a year an opportunity of measuring their strength with the enemy. At the same time this vast development of naval force, des tined to blockade all coasts, obliged them to mix with the Eng lish sailors a great body of foreigners, and to add to expe rienced a multitude of inexperienced sailors. The Americans, on the contrary, having only a small number of ships of war, could employ in the composition of their crews the greatest severity—paying their sailors high, they offered a premium for desertion to the best English seamen, and thus diminished in a dotible ratio the relative merits of British crews. Besides, the Americans, English by descent, patient, energetic, and coldly but deeply passionate, like the citizens of the mother country, were like them hardened to the sea, and familiarized to manoeuvres by the longest voyages .and the most dangerous navigation. In these numerous points of view they could, without disadvantage, sustain a comparison with the sailors of the three kingdoms. The Americans, in making preparations for a struggle against their natural rivals a considerable time before, acted like men who distrusted their own strength, and who dreaded the great reputation of their antagonists. They endeavoured, therefore, to enlist on their side all the chances which prudence could prepare and produce. They had to create a navy entirely new. Free from prejudices, and unre strained by . the obstacles which are opposed to improvement to the perfecting of ancient institutions, they set out from the most advanced point in all parts of the art. If they constructed ves sels, it was on the best principles, and according to the most advantageous dimensions. For every _rank of ships they began by giving themselves a physical superiority in the magnitude of their principal dimensions, in the number and calibre of their guns, in the number and choice of, their sailors. Then they showed the greatest attention in exercising the sailors embarked . in those vessels. These men, naturally good seamen, became excellent gunners, capable of firing from a distance with much preciSion. With the view of rendering more sanguinary close action, they embarked the best sharpshooters of the Union, where the marksmen are all excellent. They put into their hands carbines to fire downwards from the masts and from the most elevated points of the vessel. To all these elements of success must be added the enthu siasm of freemen in defending their country's freedom, and the fury of a mercantile people, who fight for their interest,and the safety of their commerce. It will :then be seen, that every cause, both physical and moral, combined to give t o th e l ast war between the United States and great Britain the remarka ble issue which it had, to the astonishment of all nations. The study of the battles between single ships which took place in this war is of extreme interest. It shows how the * When I wrote the above passage, I was ignorant of a re markable fact, which deserves a place in history. lam indebt ed for the knowledge of it to Count Darn, whose valuable history of Venice I have already quoted. The Courit was Intendant Ge neral of the army at Boulogne. One morning the Emperor called him into his closet. Daru found him walking about the room in a rage, and only breaking silence by short and violent exclamations—" What a navy ! What an Admiral !—What sacrifices lost !—My hopes are disappoint,: d !—That Villeneuve; instead of being in the Channel he is gone into Ferrol !—lt is all over ! .he will be blockaded there ! Daru, sit you down ; listen to me and write." . The Emperor had that morning received the news of Villeneuve's arrival in a Spanish port. He imme diately perceived that his plan for the conquest of England was rendered abortive. The immense expenses of the fleet and the flotilla were now for a long time thrown away—perhaps for ever. Then, in the midst of an excess of passion which would have ren dered other men incapable of exercising the understanding, he adopted a resolution of the boldest nature, and sketched off hand one of the most admirable plans of campaign ever con ceived in calmness and deliberation by any conqueror. With out hesitating, without pausing, he dictated the whole,plan of• the campaign of Austerlitz, the departure of the different corps of troops stationed from Hanover and Holland to the western and southern confines of France, the older and duration of the marches, the points of convergence and junction of the columns, the attacks by surprise and main force, the diff,irent movements of the enemy : every thing was foreseen ; and under every hypo thesis victory was assured. Such was the correctness and as tonishing foresight of this plan, that on a line of departure ex tending over 200 - leagues, lines of operation of 300 leagues of . length were followed according to this first direction, day by day, and league by league, all the way to Munich. Beyond. that capital the dates alone underwent some alteration; but all the points were reached, and the whole of the plan was crowned with complete success. Such was the military talent of that man, as formidable to his enemies by the power of his genius, as to his fellow citizens by the force of his despotism. THE BRITISH NAVY. [From The Times.] The second part of M. DUPIN'S distinguished work entitled " Voyages dans la Grande Bre tagne," is published in two quar t o vo l umes . The end of the whole work is so dignified and important, its subject matter so valuable, and its execution so powerful, that we should conceive ourselves equally wanting to the cause of general know ledge, and to that of our own national politics, if we failed to offer this public testimony of the interest which we have felt in its perusal. The immediate subject of discussion in this part of the book, is the naval force of England ; for a Frenchman, a delicate and trying theme. But M. DUPIN is not an ordinary Frenchman. We do not say that he has wholly shaken the peat listrities or prejudices 'of or t j,iatiee' ors-641e or Ms 'reasonings, the accuracy of his conclusions, and even the authenticity of a few of his facts, have not been in a slight degree affected by the emulous medium through which he has examined this country. But such errors are. specks upon the sun. M. DUPIN is deceived but rarely, and others he never. seeks to de ceive. We have never read a book by any fo reigner, which bears the strong impress of such indefatigable diligence, - of such clear intelli gence, of such temper, such candour, or such in tegrity, as this of M. DUPIN. The information has been collected from the fountain-head. A great proportion of it must have been 'official; but the admirable mode in which it has been ar- ranged, and the able disquisitions to which it has been made subservient, betray small mark] of English office. The subjects treated are of great variety. They embrace the whole essence of our naval system ; constitution and admi nistration in all their parts. The author begins with a view of the operation of the royal and le gislative authority on the marine force of the State, and follows out his inquiry through an im mense multitude of ramifications, until he finishes with the breakwater at Plymouth. There is a large portion of historical as well as scientific investigation throughout this singular book, which• in a passing sketch it would be impossible and useless to advert to. We shall quote merely two passages, both on points of which the inte rest can never wholly vanish from the national mind of England. The first relates to the de sign of invasion by Buonaparte, and affords some curious calculations of the capacity on one side to execute, on the other to defeat, that gigantic and memorable project. The second .passage with which we shall present our readers de scribes-the fecpective charatteristies of the Bri- fish and American navies, at the commencement and during the course of the last maritime war s the occurrences are detailed in the work of Mr. JAMES, - on which M. DUPIN in general place; implicit reliance. The former extract may as sist to fortify this nation against the possible re turn of ill-founded fancies unworthy of her in trinsic strength : the latter, to prevent the re currence of delusions opposite in their character, and more replete with shame and with eventual danger:— At this epoch Great Britain had, besides the regular army, 600,000 Nlditia, infantry, and cavalry, in arms, all the seamen of the merchant service enrolled for the gun boats, and the in habitants of the coasts embodied in corps, called sea-fencibles. It remained to be seen whether this face was capable of with standing the shock of the Army of Boulogne, had that Army crossed the Channel. When the First Consul threatened England with an invasion he did not appear inclined to attempt it with ships of the line : he caused gun-boats to be built in all the ports and in all the rivers on the Atlantic coast, and collected them to the number of 1,300 in the port of Boulogne: Troops to the amount of 100,000 were to be embarked on beard of these gun-boats and transports. In the case of a successful descent, immense re inforcements were to follow. They were to force a landing on the opposite coast, and proceed direct to London, not, as was supposed might be done in the time of Lloyd, by advancing only two miles a day in consequence of the difficulties of the ground and the embarrassment of baggage, but by forced marches, carrying every position by the bayonet or field artil lery. After their landuig, nothing would in the first instance have arrested the progress of the conquerors of Lodi, of Zurich, of. Heliopolis, of Honenlinden, and of Marengo. But was the • descent possible ? It was not possible to enter Dover by force. That port is situated between two high moun tains, in a position in which its lofty batteries and works, safe from any C OUP DE MAIN, would 'easily destroy the most for. midable fleet. There was besides on the heights of Dover an entrenched.camp, occupied by a considerable force, which would have defended the coast under the protection of the forts and batteries. On the other hand, how were 1,300 vessels to get out of Bou logne in one tide, and to stand over in any thing like order to the English coast ? This could never be done under the tire of the English squadron cruising in the Channel. • gut that squadron might be driven off its station by a gale of wind ; and before it could have time to return, the French flotilla -might cross. Be it so. But let us see what would follow. • The English had lined their coast with strong batteries on every point where a landing could be attempted. Strong towers were built at short distances along the sliore, which was com pletely within the range of their guns; these martello towers could not be taken by a coup de main. Brigades of light artil lery, corps of cavalry, flying camps of infantry, presented a force moveable along the whole of the sea-coast by a road ex pressly made for that . purßose: The English had besides a great number of gun. boats in all the ports opposite Boulogne. All small craft, all pilot and fishing boats, &c., were prepared for warfare, if necessary. They-were numbered, and classed in divisions, with officers ready to direct, and troops to _man them. The guns and ammunition were so disposed in the magazines that these vessels could be armed in a moment. Finally, be sides the squadron stationed off Boulogne, there , was'a fleet of observation in the Downs, another at Spithead, and a third at the Nore. In a few minutes the telegraphic signals could com municate between all these * points and th Admiralty in London. Thus ' , whichever way the wind might blo w , it, was probable that the English would arrive at the point of descent, if no t in time to preept the larlding, ate east soon enough to burn our flotilla. In thkt-ease cur army would have been left without a retreat, without support; and without provisions. That it would hays performed prodigies I am sensible. It wouldnot have been less magnanimous than the army of the east, after the naval battle of Aboukir. • But those opposed to it weze not Tuiks and Arabs. It would have had to contend against a pei - i'ple of prodigious obstinacy—against a million of men in arms, animated by the enthusiasm - of patriotism, and incited by the most implacable hatred of the French name. I have impartially stated our means of attack, and the-Eng lish means of defence. I am still of opinion that it was impossible to effect a descent without the protection of a fleet equal to that which s e then possessed, and'which was defeated in the battle of Trafalgar.— •, • Americans took advantage of-every favourable circumstance, how they began the engagement from a distance, how they em ployed the superiority of their cannon and their gunners, how they aimed at the loWest point which their balls could reach in the hulls of their antagonists, that the numerous chances which always tend to assist the blow might never be defeated, how they destroyed the rigging of the hostile ship, how they pro fited by the disorders of their adversary to attack him in a po sition the best adapted for raking, and how they ended by overpowering him at a small distance, when he ceased to be able by a continued, rapid, and well-directed fire, to return the most decisive rounds. The. English, forced to acknowledge at their own expense the superiority of the American vessels, hastened to construct ships of the same size and carrying the same weight of metal As early as 1816, 1 examined these new ships with the greatest care :- I described their dimensions and their force, and I pointed out the necessity imposed upon la of constructing ves sels of the same strength. Since that time we have built some frigates which we may match against the English and Ameri can vessels of the same class. BANK NOTES.—AiI account of the average amount of all Proinis&frry. Notes aud,l:llla.of the Geplrrtir (iive&faz tion during. the Quarter ending the 10th day of October, 1021, distinguishing the respective denominations and values of the several Notes and Bills, . and the average amount of the Notes and Bills of each denomination and value re spectiiely, pursuant to Act .59 Geo. HI. cap. 49, as nearly as the same can be complied with : £. s. Bank Notes of £1 and £2 2,718,121 16 I 5 - - 3,001,801 16 3 10 . - . - 3,178,1373 3 7 15 - - 127,492 14 4 20 - 1,397,865 17 11 25 - - 169,133 6 7 30 - 366,411 12 7 40 - 295,263 9 4 50 1,322,304 11 9 100 - - 1,238,202 14 9 200 - - 505,886 10 7 300 458,300 4 1 500 - 475,746 8 7 1,000 - 8,830;144 13 7 Bank Post Bills - . 1,624,900 5 5 Average of the whole £20,708,980 5 5 THE IMPROVEMENTS AT SHEERNESS.—The im provements on the N. W. side of the Isle of Sheppy are exceed ingly gratifying to the spectator, and creditable to the projector —throwing down the blue-houses and laying the foundations for a new town promises many advantages to the neighbour hood ; but the Sea-wall and the Sluices between Queenborough and the Royal Docks are of the greatest importance. The broad and lofty jetty head at the extremity, winding .majesti cally, into the Medway, is a strong testimony of what cost and labour can accomplish. Previously to those improvements, on the very scite of the jetty, were the Old Sea Breakers, to be re vived no more, for they are now buried within the projecting mass, and not to be remembered but by their aquatic name. That their form, and utility may not be lost in oblivion, the sub sequent concise description may not be unacceptable to the reader or to future topographical historians :—ln ari early part of the last century Government were informed that the power ful effects of the heavy tides during the prevalency of north easterly winds had greatly increased on the land at the west angle of the Isle of Sheppy, and that it was most probable.in undation might take place, to the great prejudice of the land holders and others. To remedy this it was ordered that certain old men of war, unfit for service, should be laid up, and so effectually supported as to break the force of the surges, and in future to defeat the dangers which at that time threatened the island: The Breakers being properly arranged and seccured, and their desired effect being fully, established, it was thought , -advisable to convert their internal capacity to some useful pur. pose. Accordingly their decks were surveyed, and a plan being fixed on, speedily fashioned int o p u bli c s t ree t s , s ki r t e d w ith convenient dwellings from head to stern, for the habitations of the workmen belonging to his Majesty's Dock-yard adjoin ing; and this proved a most salutary relief to the indus trious, who, before, for want of local habitation; were forced to resort to their labours from unpleasant distances, greatly to their loss of time and health. To this marine village were many entrances on the land side, and bridges from the main deck of one ship to the other. They had their King sti.eet and their Queen-street, their George-street and their Princes-street, with variety of other names, for distinction.— Out at the port-holes were their hanging gardens where many things were cultivated for the u se o f th e i r f am ilies. A great portion of the workmen in his Majesty's Yard at Sheerness, are natives of the Breakers. THE BRITISH EMPIRE.— Th e population of Great Britain, at the census, in 1811, was 11,800,000, exclusive of the army and navy, then about 500,000. From the returns, so far as published under the present Census, it appears, the increase is about 15 per cent. This will make the population of Great Britain at present to be 14,000,000 of souls.—lreland contains 6,500,000; making the population of the British dominions in Europe, 20,500,000. The popula tion of our North American possessions cannot be less than 1,500,000; West India Colonies, 900,000; Africa, about 130,000; in the Medi terranean, 150,000 ; Colonies and Dependencies in Asia, 2,040,000; and in our extensive terri tories in the East Indies, perhaps, 70,01)0,000 souls. The whole population of the British Empire will, at that rate, contain about 95,220,000 souls. LITERARY DISCOVERY.—About thirty years ago, 'there . was a respectable; bid man, of the name of JOHN STEEL, who was well acquainted with ALLAN RAMSAY, and he told jonN STEEL himself, that When Mr. TnomsoN, the Author of the Seasons, was in his shop at Edinburgh, getting himself shaven, RAMSAY was repeating Some of his 'poems. Mr. TuomsoN says to him, " I have something to emit to the world, but do not wish to father it." RAMSAY asked, what he would give him, and he would father it. Mr. THOMSON replied, all the profit that arose from the publication. " A bargain be it," said RAMSAY. So Mr. l i IIOMSON delivered him the manuscript. So, from what is said above, Mr. TnomgoN, the Author of the Seasons, is the Author of the Gentle Shepherd, and ALLAN RAMSAY is the father of it. This I believe is a truth—AN OLD SHEPHERD FROM LOGAN HOUSE, G. D. Oct.% 1821.—(Edinburgh Star.) RAPIDITY OP BUILDING.-Within the last three months the buildings on the east side of Waterloo Bridge-road have increased so much that now they consist of several streets. The principal is just named Bond-street. Four or five shops are erected next the Feathers, and, in short, persons who were on the spot a few months since would recognize but few of the old features. A Society has been formed at Paris, for the encouragement of Geography, by the printing of scientific memoirs, the publication of charts, the distribution of prizes, and defraying the expences of travellers having useful and important objects in view. ~~ PRICE SEVENPENCE. FOR TILL SUN. PROPOSED REDUCTION IN PUBLIC OFFICES: (No. III.) MR. EDITO ft—Having' in my preceding Letters adduced such arguments as occurred to me, to prove that the measure in question is partial, op pressive; and unjust, I shall now endeavour to prove, " that it involves a positive breach of faith between Government and the Parties ag grieved." As the Treasury Minute recommends placing the Public Offices on the footing in which they stood in the year 1797, it is proper to take a retrospect of the last 25 yearn, and carefully to inquire into the real state of the Government Departments at that distant period. Hld the " cold Calculators" adopted this ob ,-viqnfly Jreper course, and toel they pecusef! - sa e attention as . .- d on e - the pious and authentic, - documents now before me', I mean the Reports of the Select Committee of Finance printed in July 1797,—they probably would not thus rashly have put forth their crude, partial narrow scheme, which is so completely at variance with the former well-digested com prehensive, and liberal plan, sanctioned 'after ma ture deliberation, by the unanimous voice of the able Statesmen at that time in power; confirmed and:approved by our late revered Sovereign, by various Orders in Council ; and ultimately ratified by an Act of the Legislature.—Lest it should be supposed that I have made an ex aggerated statement, I will here insert some short Extracts from the Documents above-men tioned. They are copied verbatim from the Re port of the three Secretaries of State to the Lord President of the Council, which accompanied a general plan for the future regulation of their respective offices, dated 23d February 1795, — and from the Order in Council of the 27th of the same month, confirming and approving the same. —[See Finance Reports 1797, Appendix (A 1.) Pages 37 to 44.] EXTRACTS FROM THE REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE.) " We annex a Scheme for the arrangement of our Offices, and we consider it highly proper that persons in habits of con fidence should be constantly at hand for the execution of busi ness of : so delicate a nature as that which must necessarily be intrusted to them, and we are of opinion, that any allowance short of what we have proposed to be given them as a compen sation for their services would be insufficient; and your Lord ship will be pleased to observe, that in the estimate of the sala ries herein proposed to .be given to the different Officers, we mean that such salaries should be paid to them . rnEE OF ALL DUTIES AND TAXES WHATEVER. " We think it would be hard that any fixed rule should be laid down for preventing merito:ious Officers from being re warded by any other places that may not interfere with their official attendance, by which a means might be aflbrded to them of ACQUIRING SOME PROVISION FOR THEIR FAMI. LIES :—and we leave it to your Lordship to determine whether such Officers, after devoting their time and attention to the Public service, ought to be precluded from the hope of having it ever in their power to afford to their families that provision which PERSONS IN DIFFERENT SITUATIONS MAY BY LA- BOUR AND INDUSTRY ACQUIRE. (EXTRACTS FROM THE ORDER IN COUNCIL.) " The Lords of the Committee having fully considered the said Report of your Majesty's Principal • Secretaries of State, are of opinion that it may be advisable for your Majesty to confirm such of the regulations respecting the said Offices as appear to be approved of by . the said Report,. and to direct the same to be adopted and carried into execution. " His Majesty taking the same Report into consideration, was pleased with the lulviee of his Privy Council to approve and confirm the regulations proposed by his Majesty's said Principal Secretaries of State, and to Meier, and it is hereby ordered, that the saine be adopted and carried into execution, and the Right Hon. the Lords Commissioners of his Majesty's Treasury and his Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State, are to give the necessary directions herein, as to them may respec tively appertain. (Signed) " W. FAWKENER." After a lapse of twelve years it was judged expedient, by the Heads of, the several Depart merits of Government, to recommend that a far ther addition should be made to the incomes of the Clerks in their respective - offices. This mea sure was . not hastily adopted. It was the result of mature consideration, after a minute inquiry into the nature and amount of the emoluments of each individual employed under them ; and the consequent conviction that all were' very inade quately recompensed for their services. This proposed augmentation was not considered as an increase of salary, but as a►t additional allowance to be made to each Clerk at stated periods and in certain proportions according to his length of service. The measure was sanctioned by the same au thority, and was approved and confirmed by the King ;ti Council, in the same manner as thelie gulations in 1795. If acts such as these are not to be held sacred, what on earth can be considered as binding ? Upon what principle of justice or of equity are the Clerks to be curtailed of any part of the al lowances granted to them upon the grounds above stated, and confirmed to- them by the King him self by numerous Orders in Council ?—lf these solemn engagements are to be set at nought,what security have they that at no distant period a further paring of their pittances will not be ex torted from them ?--No Sir, so' long as the Clerks continue faithfully to discharge the duties of their respective situations, they cannot be deprived o f the smallest fraction of their present emoluments without a positive breach of faith on the part of Government, and a direct violation of the com pact entered into with them. These general remarks upon the question un der consideration have led me so far that I must postpone to a future occasion the application of them to individual cases. I am, Sir, your humble Servant, Dulwich, Oct. 11, 1821. MERCATOR.