The Sun. — London, England, 1803-02-28 00:00:00

l eh; hick N4a. ;WU aka DID. arid 'in itb fro its r 1.:, WI . have a middling supply of Wheat at market to.day, and though many buyers, Sales Were heavy, and effeeted at prices near our List ; Barley, is in abundant quantity, which, with Malt, . gave way full is. per quarter; Pease and Beans toler able plenty, at little variation ; Oats also a good supply, with a dull sale, and observed 6d. per 'qarker lower ; Flour in full quantity, and at some . thing less. Wheat 44$ a sos a sys od Tick 13CatIS 27$ a Sts ad Tine ditto . 38s a 59s 64 Oats - 14$ a A7s a 195 Malty • 3 0 $ 346 6il Poland ditto 205 a ass bd 41 4os a 455. of lkapcSctd 311 a 3 • .nye -33 s a 3;s ad Tine Flour . .445 a 475 ed Zhile - Pease 33s a 395 ad Seconddo 4os a 44$ • inns . 3oS a 34s ,c 1 setters from the Hague mention, that M. SCIITM. itUrtsrtaticit, the Ambassador to our Court, has received inttrudions relative to the negotiation of $ Commercial Tseaty between this Country and Vollaoti. The Dutch are .also negotiating a Treaty of Commerce with the French. At present the duties upon goods exported from Holland to France ;are enormously high, and the Dutch have almost ibandoned.the commercial navigation of the Rhine, ea account of the exorbitant custom.duties de. -iliensied by Irranee. The navigation is now almost Wholly in the hands of the Prussians, who are mote ilivoured than the Dutch. - The ptIKE of WIRTEMBERG has dismissed his Prime Minister, De WOI,LWERTA, and has caused * pamphlet to be published at Sturgard, expressive of the causes of this dismissal. The pamphlet con. • tains many documents of the Ex:Minister's partiality to the. States, whom he secretly encouraged in their Opposition against his Master. The late accounts from India -state a defedion to hare taken place amongst-the TrOops of the Peshwa, in consequence of their pay being considerably in *treat ;, although some. of the leaders of the mutiny are in custody, the rest refuse to march until their 'cOmpanions are released, and their claims redressed. Chiti.Gherr, a strong Fort belonging to Holkar, has been taken by a body of Scindea's troops.— The killadar made an active resistance for about foor hours, when he and some of t h e prin c ip a l i n h a . bitants made their escape amidst a shower of shot and shells, carrying off with them their jewels, Sec. the gates were then opened, and the place was spared in consideration of the people surrendering • to the conquerors the treasure which had been buried in the Fort and neighbourhood. THE Opesas.—Mrs. BlL.LtrroyoN ,being pre. 'vented from performing by severe illness, the COmic Opera of II Due Baroni was repeated. The Music of thicOpera is extremely pretty, and the Songs in general were given with etfed, and well received. Zia allot Of La lever Enchant', in consecfeenee of the i n di s p os i t i on o f M a d. P.Axisol, was substi. toted for Laureate, and .passel 'off' as well as a change so Materially for the worse could he exped. ed. The House was not full, hut genteelly attended. The new operarical drama of The Hero of the jArth,hairingpassed the ordeal of criticism, seems co be rising in public- estimation. It attracted so large an audience on Saturday last, that the Iron '.l'littes Daltrarlia seem likely to rival the trea. .assures of ifttra # acquired by the potent influence of tiasem 2110,041;444.ha* often been announced as the last bis t je- continues to- h k so attraetive, that the Covent Garden Manager .will not ad with his usual discretion, if he wholly lays it aside. On Saturday it was attended by a very numerous Audience, and was as well received as ever. BRAHAK sung with his usual excellence, and that is all that taste can require. As larc Lzootr isnot returned f r om B at h, his place continues to be supplied by HILL. The Mr. Tvcree, mentioned by Sir W„aLLl.sat Et iott o as having been appointed to succeed Mr, MAIISHALL as Master Builder in the Dock-yarn at Plymouth, was, we understand, Secretary to Earl SY. Vtaditty, and, if we are. not misinformed, a Purser in the Navy, but is now a Commissioner of Navy 'Board. His talents and knowledge must Pc "Pflosed to be of a very universal hind. Mr. KIMBLE and Mr. PONSONBY had lately a *Mow escape front being lost, in crossing the Pyre nees. Their carriage was overturned, and broken to pieces ; their. hands and feet were so benumbed With the cold, that it was with difficulty they could Make their way through the snow, which was un. ,commonly deep. On the 30t11 inst. at Armagh, the Lady of Ma. jor.Getieral Sit CHARGES RCM, Barr. was safely ~delivered of a Son and Heir. .PADD3NOTON CANAL.--Ye - sterday afternoon, *both three o'clock, part of the bank of the Padding tonOartal 'gave way a little on this side the first bridge, the water rushed through the tunnel close to the spot, and the meadoWS on the other side were immediately inundated ; thelock at the bridge prevented the water flowing from the upper part of the Canal. The gap is about eight feet wide, a log of timber is placed across, and planks driven to secure the lower part of the bank, The water in the bason, and to the first bridge, has sunk between two and three feet. Indications of a similar accident have appeared on the, opposite bank, near the second bridge. Yesterday, about half past four o'clock, the re. ttlains of - Arthur Oraheam' were taken from his house in Kennington.lane, to Harper's Chapel, in the London Road, for interment. Eighteen couple ( "owed ; the . , mett.mourners were all furnished with cloaks-and hatbands, and' the women with hoods an d scarfs. • The ceremony was conducted with propriety •and decorum. Shortly afterwards, the bodies.of Wood,-Franeis, ;Prawn, 111 1 1Vasnara, and Broughlea, were removed front Peacock-lane, Newington (where they had all been deposited since Tuesday list), and were followed by their different friends to the same place of burial. When the Whole of the bodies had "readied the Chapel, they were taken into the inside, the doors fastened, and none of the spedators (who were numerous) allowed to accompany them. It was expeded after the funeral ceremony had taken place, that the coffins would be taken to the ordinary borying.place, but this was toot the east; and therefore they must have been deptisited in avault under the Chapel. Several Police Ofikersatrended the Processions, in ease any t'!rrollt shoold - arite;bUt.tlle whole paised-ofFquietly. i fF4l4C4a s rxs. 31. (TROIA Tat State Of the Timms of England and of the Bank of Loader: on the 2.4 th of Tune, iBe2, at the epoch of the Qent:r.ti Peace, and of the Union of Ireland with Great Britain, by hi. Ds Cuss, Author of the Essay on Commercial Cr,:klit.. ALL the Works which have spoken of. the FL nances of Great Britain, and of the present, State of the Bank of London, have given us nothing but erroneous or incomplete ideas; the details which I am about to present upon these interesting objects have the merit of exatiness. • If England is placed in the balance of Europe much above the rank which the extent of her Ter ritory and her Population assign her, it only owes this advantage to the art of borrowing enormous • Loans, without in the least affetaing the Credit of the State ; of augmenting in a , prodigious degree the Public Revenue, without fatiguing the patience of the People, without diminishing even the po. pularity of the • Ministers ; and of multiplying at pleasure the means of circulation, without compro. mising Commercial Credit. This art, which gives her those advantages which she has so often abused, this art which she alone possesses to-day, may belong to-morrow to every Government which chuses to study and imitate it. Nothing but ignorance can deny stile existence of this great means of force and of power ; only similar ignorance can imagine there is any mysterious art which the English know and will not communicate. All their operations of Finance are public, all the principles, all the calculations on which they are founded, all the tarifa of Revenue, all the means of receiving ir, are perfeaty known ; ati those Princi. pies, all those Calculations, all those Laws are sim. ple, only a small portion of talents and of judgment are necessary to conceive and to apply them.' Eat - ls, Experience, and Reason, are the bases on which the English found their Plans of Loans and Impositions. 'They have the Wisdom to repel to a distance those vain abstractions Which our Economists substitute for Science; and in order to gain infomation in an art which they praflise under our eyes, it is only necessary to observe them with some attention. The means of reducing England to the. rank which she ought to occupy, is to rival her in the only species of force in which she possesses some superiority, and I repeat it, when other Govern. means wish to rival her in this advantage which she usurps, they may divide it with her. The objeft of this article is to aura& attention to this important science, of which I intend to dei velope the principles of the theory, and the rules of the application, in more extensive works I may, perhaps, inspire some desire of studying it, in making known the drab which it produces. To present to France the means of procuring those powerful arms which her Enemies have , em. ployed against her, is my only desire ; and in what. ever circumstances I may be placed, I shall con sider my lot as fortunate, if I have paid my debt to my Country, in contributing to her happiness.. (Then follows Statements of the National Debt of Eng. land. the Sinking Funa, the Expenditure during the War, dm] When we read these Details, what opinion must we form of Mr. Parr? He preserved England from the Revolution with which it. was threaten. ed ; he suppressed the Revolt in Ireland.; .he pro. cured to the English Government, in the . course of ten years, either by Imposts or by Loans, at a moderate interest, eight milliards of ex traordinary resources, without fatiguing the pa. tience of the people, without weikening Public Credit, without paying an excessive rate of interest. But he expanded these eight milliards without pre. curing any real advantage to his conntry,—without having been able, notwithstanding his great means, to influence the Cabinet of Berlin, or even to pre. serve his power over the councils of the Allies of England. In scatttering force and money through. out the universe he was unable to gain, on any point, that superiority which could insure success. Must we place him in the rank of great statesmen, who possessed the art of assembling powerful means, but who knew not how to employ them ? ['rhea follow statements of the last Loan, the ordinary expenditure of Great Britain in, time of Peace, and the Public Revenue.) This comparison proves, that, supposing the expen. diture reduced to a Peace Establishment, it would still exceed the Revenue, and that there would be a deficit of 2,84+,6081. but the expenditure being st ill above that of a Peace Establishment, the attual deficit is Eleven Millon: sterlidg. The establishment of necessary imposts to cover the difference between the Revenue and. the ordinary Expenditure, will not experience any resistance ; and the English Government will raise, without difficulty, 37,500,0001. on 12,000,000 of persons, and on 34,000,000 of productive acres, whilst in France a poor revenue of 20,000,0001. raised ,on 30,000,000 of inhabitants, and r 00,000,000 Of acres, excites reclamations, of which the Govern. ment acknowledges the Justice. The Anglomanists will explain this enigma by the superiority of Wealth which they suppose to exist in England. But to justify this strange opi. Dion, it must be proved that t 00,000,000 of cul. tivable Acres, fertile in 'Wheat, Oil, Wine, &c. do not produce such rich Harvests as 34,000,000 of Acres less produaive, placed under a climate which prevents the culture of all valuable Produce, It must be demonstrated, that the labour of mOOO,OOO of Englishmen gives more real value than that of 34,000,000 of 1 renchmen, equal in in dustry, and superior in aaivity. .• [Then follows a further comparison between the Financial State of Great Britain and France, in which the superior Revenue of the former is attributed to Taxes upon Con sumption, instead of direct Impositions, as established In France.) The Anglomanists have boasted a long timeond have wished to give us the political constitution of Great Britain, at which they are ignorant. I have dedicated some time to the study of these laws, and I am convinced that in the encouragement to cont. merce, the establishment of Banks, and the science These works are, r. Rcrlcaions on the Art of imposing Public Contributions, 4,ncl on the Means of insuring to-the Government of f ranee, a Revenue proportioned to the ex. pcnces of so vastan Empire. 24. Trailskition o f t h e History of the public Credit of England, by Sir !Dim Sinclair, and a EPntinkt4tion 01; that Vistory to the Peace. or Cfeall anti IMpOSItIOn, tnat In the finances in short alone, are the English worthy of imitation, ["rheit ralloW Som.: statements of the format and present aitaativivol the Bank .01 England, called in this article the of London.] The 'author guarantees the correetness of the de tails which this article contains, the English Pills, 81 , 1 1 .Works from whence they are drawn, are be fore him, .and he will communicate them - to the members of the different commissions of fiaance who wish to verify any of the fats. FEBRUARY 23. ACTS OF THE GOVERNMENT. Tu t Government of the Republic decrees, that an Exposition of the state of the Republic shall be communicated to the Legislative Bodies by three Orators of the Government, and inserted in the Bulletin of the Laws. (Signed) BowAr ARTE, First Consul, H. IL MARBT, Sec. of State. EXPOSITION OF THE STATE OF THE REPUB LIC. Paris, Feb. 2t. EVSNT3 have by no means deceived the views or the expeetations of Government. The Legislative Bodies, - on resuming their labours, find the Repub. lic increased in its strength by a firmer union among its Citizens—more aetive in its industry, and more confident of its prosperity. • The execution of* the Concordat, of which the enemies of Public Order predined unfavourably, has in almost every instance, been procludive of the happiest effeCts. The principles of an enlightened Religion, the authority of the Sovereign Pontiff, and the constancy of Government; have trhiespbed aver all obstacles ; and mutual sacrifices and conces. sions have united the Ministers of Public Worship. The Galilean Church, regenerated by its union-and liberality, has already produced a felicitous change in Public Morals—it conciliates equally the opinion and the heatt—infancy becomes more docile—youth more submissive to Magisterial Authority ; and its salutary influence in carrying the Conscriptions into effea, are in many places apparent. In the Departments visited by the Flits'eCortst . tt., he every where observed the triumph of t hose PlM ciples which tend to establish the strength and the happiness of Society. In the Departmeuts of Elm., of the Lower Seine and Oise, the people ate proud of the National charader and glory—they feel the full extent of all the advantages- conferred by equality : they are grateful for the Peace, they bless the establishment of Public- Worship. •By these various ties, their hearts are. attached to the Constitution.. and the State.. It is the duty of Government to chetish and promote those fortunate dispositions. A system of -,Public Instruelion is essential to a well.regulated Society, and it is every where loudly called for. . Many 'Lyceums are already opened, and a multitude of private:and secondary .Schools ire established. . The Citizens are .con. vinced that : happiness and ignorance are incornia, tible, and that..knowledge and the, cultivation of talent ate essential •to the peeservation of. true equality. A Military SehoOl is established for the young Defenders of their Country*: Soldiers therein, will be accustomed to the life of cartips; and the fatigues o f War. By habits of obedience, they will become capable of Command, and to the farce of Arms will add the lights of Military Science. In the Lyceums, as well as in the Military Schools, the youth of the Incorporated Depart. ments will live blended with those of Ancient France. From these arrangements will spring, tha true, that cordial fraternity, which will unite .the whole into one People, 'destined by. their situation, not more than by their courage and virtues, to form the bond of union with respect to all Europe, and to afford it a general example. The National Institute which has the chief super intendence, has received the necessary instruaions for a due exercise of its funaions. _ In order to ensure the stability of the rising In stitutions, and to remove from the view of the Citizens all shadow of that discord which still seems to appear at the periodical returns of the eleetions of chief Magistrates, the real friends of the Pe ople called for the appointment of their First Magi. strate to the Consulate for life. The People, on being consulted, reechoed the cal), and the Senate has proclaimed the will of the People. The Organization of the Senate was incomplete. National Justice was inadequately dispensed in the Tribunals—the existing Authorities were insuf. ficient—and no system of, regular discipline per. vaded them. Finally . , there existed in France no power.which could ameliorate even Justice itself, namely, that of dispensing mercy. How often, within the interval of twelve years, has such a power been invoked ? How often have the unfortunate been vi4lims of that inflexibility which was the reproach of our laws ? And how frequently have the really Criminal been acquitted, on the consideration of the punishment being too severe. A Stnatus Conaultum has restored, to the People the exercise, of those Rights which the Constituent Assembly had recognized, but it .has restored them accompanied with such precautions as will pre : elude, error anti precipitation in their choice, and insure the. ascendancy of an enlightened Prudence, The duties and line of 'conduA of the. §enate are marked out with resped to vacancies in..the Chief Magistracies. Certain and stridforms equally - gita. ranteethe freedom and the propriety of their choice, the expedition of which neither .affords AMbition tune to conspire, nor Anarchy means to obviate:it. The due and regular adMinistration of, jestiee, in all the tribunals, is ensured. A system of stibordi. nation is established. All are free in the exercise of their*.fUilaiG'lls ; they are equally independant of power, and dependant upon the i.alps. The power of pardoning, as the interests of the Republic, or as circumstances may require, is vest. ed in the Fitst Magistrate ; but. under the control of Jurtiee itself, as .the rum revere organs of the Law must be consulted - . • - -111 the merits of 'institutions - are to he judged by their drab, never yet hal any institution, judging from its G•icitous and important eonse. (penes, more merit than that of the Organic Se.. natus Consul 'french PeopTe tins-r iec.l a due confidence in their d!.%tinirs they.are in the present moment, and entertain no fea:s Teeing the future. The Ide of Fla having been ceded tri France, :t has presented to 'her ; besides a dothe duStrious people, two superb Ports; but, reflute as it is from France, it ttiuld not be properly incorpor. ated with, any of the Dapartments, nor placed under the rules of a Common Administration.- Such ex. ceptions, 'therefore, are formed for the ide of Elba ) as- the public interest and local circumstances re- turn. .1 quired. The abdication of its Sovereign, the will of the People, 'and, in short, the necessity' of the case, , has put Piedmont in the power of France. - En_ vironed as it . was, with a population so coMpoied, Pied one was unable to maintain, either its'ovrn in dependence, or the expeoces , of Monarchy. Re. united to Franc, it will not only enjoy secutityi hut good fortune. Its Citizens, industrious and enlightened, will reap the rewards 'of their eiter_ tions and their talents, in the bosom of the Arts and of Peace. In the Interior of France, calmness and security prevail. The vigilance of the nigiltrates, and t Gendarmerie strongly constituted, and comrnande by a Chief grown old in die career of honour, int. press every where the greatest te;ror on the Bri. gands. The interests of Individuals are equally benefited with that of the Public. The Citizens now venture to prosecute those whom formerly they dreaded. In the course' of an unfavourable year, and in the midst_ of general Scarcity, the Poet' were not over, looked by Government ; they 'have borne necessary privations with firmness, and .received assistance with gratitude. Our Agriculture is brought to a degree of pee feEtion, unknown in any Country in Europe. En.. lightened Agriculturists have been sent into ail the . Departments. The breed an management of Horses . have been improved : the Wools of the COnntry have been amelibrated by the introduction ofFleign Sheep. In every quarter the zeal and lexertiona of the Public Fundionaries have improved the nactiral produttions of our Country. Our ManufaCtures. improve and multiply,. and will. soon, doubtless; rival those of every tithe: Country : our Capitalists have ahandohett 'all ha. zardoui speculations, and embark in useful . pnrstitts. More than 20,0c0 Freneh Artificdts,haase been, by the exertions of Government, restored to . the ravnit.t. lanurea of their native Country, • .• Among outs fabrici there is one merre-pseuliss2 to France, that which the genitis of Cot isiur osrisa. ed." Thia had been busted under the 'ruins of kl!inv p but the Government is anxious' to restore it s .I.jbess already enjnys a degree of splendor' and opuletiet ; and labricatoiS imprise a tribtite on the in,sury, of Europe. Bne the pineiple of theli success rests in the luxury ofFranec herself. From she versati lity of our tastes, and the fluthation 'Of our fashions, more than.theluxuor of Foreign fsTatiC)ll9 . ,tWf sue. cess proceeds : these are the levers which give, life :and motion to an immense popui.ition.whn, withoat 'these would he the vit•tims of misery aid corruption. Forirteen Millions, the reduce of the . . Barrier tax, and Ten:Milliong extraordina'ry,. has4 - been, in the course of the year to, expended in the roads. The ;indent routes and comniunieatiuns have been repaired. New roads have been opened.---- Le Mont ,Cenis, and le Mont Centrisre, will soon afford us a triple access to Italy, A grand 'road., will eonditet us from Massilass to Genoa; another road is projrneil froth St. Esprit to Gap ; another from ReasaSl tsi lbws by 'PSativi, At this last mentioned place establishments are forming which will be of the* greatest .service to all the: Departments in that quarter, and which Will be much prcimoted. by an intended canals On the confines of the Rhine from Bingen to Colientz, a necessary road has been matie.through rocks heietOfore inaccessible. The neighbouring Communes dedicate themselves to the public service of this work ; and the inhabitants of the opposite Bank who once laughed at the undertaking, are nary confounded at the celerity of its exectrion. Numbers are employed on the canal of St. Quin:ie. The canal of L'Ourg, is just opened, and by means of its waters, Paris will soon enjoy thissa ss i u b s i ss ties and advantages which it promises, to . afford. The canal for uniting the navigation of the Seine and the Saone; the departments of nu B om b s a n d the Rhiste, is finished as far as Dole, and already has the public treasury been benefited by the aug. mentation in the prices of thither in that quarter. The canals disligner.ilfottir, and of the Rhone, and the . draining of the msrslies in the.Lower,Cba rent', are.already commenced. The dykes ;n the isle of Cad'sand, of Ostend, arid on the North;rrt Coasts, are undergoing repairs. G svesnnient is im proving the navigation of the rivers. The pro prietors of the boats which frequent them, are at length sensible of the interest they have in assist ing in this desirable work. On the Ocean, works are raising to protect the Isle of Aix, and to afford shelter to the VesSels of the Republic. A new. bason .wits. sluices, is form ing at .1./avre,• which will soon be the finest port in the Channel. ~A.t..iintteerp, works are commenced which will restore that City to its antient e,intmercial*ce4riey, and Government is, prnjf'ding canali TO tllite the Navigation of the S'thelait, at'd thic elf the Muse and the Rhine, which will l'iciiitate the. Aupplies of timber, and the general consumption of our tyrnrno. ditics. The Islands of rifartinique,Tazgo, and. St.. Ltde, have been restored to us with a3i the CieMtittS of their prosperity. Gmeitiedsuir, re-conquereo, is re stored to peace, and nearly to cultivation. G.4;aliel is rapidly advancing toward;.. prosperity. St. Domingo was subdued, and the author of in troubles . in the 'power of France. Every thing promized a speedy return* of its prosperity, biut . a cruel malady •Jias delivered it to new misfortunes. At length the plague, which destroyed our Army, has ceased its ravages. The Forces which remain in that Calony, strexrhened by those sending .iut, assure us that it will soon be restoted to Corntnzrce and . P.eace. • Oar Maritime Commerce is god ally flowing into its, channels, and succeesfally forming new ones, The Fisheries are in the highest 11 , 1 rec produdive,