The Sun. — London, England, 1844-05-07 00:00:00

proceed from Loodianala, refused flatly to stir until extra ! .allowances, such as are usually given on the foreign ser vice, should be granted them. It was found inconvenient to contest the point, so Government gave in, and the des tination of the regiment was altered from Sinde to Be pares. Luckily, however, the recusants volunteered to take the station originally assigned to them, and are now on their way to Sukkur , having not only obtained all they • asked, but promised relief within the year in case of sick ness. It was hoped that this matter might blow over, and that a better spirit would quickly make its appearance • amongst the troops. Instead of this, the disaffection spread, and the 7th cavalry, the 4th, 34th, and 69th, with a corn parry of artillery, each in turn followed the evil example which had been sat them, This was alarming enough, and, as all the regiments which had been ordere had - refused to move, there was reason to apprehend that disobedience would become general. The rumours speedily reached our enemies on the further bank of the Sutlej. Some of the mu tineer Sepoys are alleged to have placed themselves in com munication:: with the Sikhs, who believed disaffection uni versal throughout the army. The discontent was too ex tensively diffused, and too obviously attributable to the mea tures of Government itself, to admit of being put down or punished by the strong hand of authority. The 7th Cavalry and 34th Native Infantry have, it is said, been threatened with dismissal ; the others may probably escape ; indeed it seems doubtful if even those just named will be punished. As a contrast to this the whole Bundelkund legion, cavalry, artillery, and all, voluntered to proceed to Scinde uncondi tionally. The matter stands thus with the Bombay Sepoys whose case is most familiar to us ; but that, we believe, of %the Bengal soldier is precisely analagous. The pay of the native soldier, including half batta or subsistence, is from 7 rupees (145.) to 9 rupees (18s.) a month—varying betwixt the two according to the period of his service. In India no allowance whatever is made beyond the net pay, including in this, as just stated, 21 of half-batta ; but, on foreign stations, the soldier has extra allowance of 1 rupees to (namely, from 3s. to 55.) a month, as batta, as it is called, and 3 rupees (65.) in name of rations, this being about the price at which Government could provision the men from the commissariat. In Sinde, which till last year was con sidered a foreign country, both these allowances were made. The money rations, however, equivalent to nearly one-half of their pay, were withdrawn during the years 1840 and 1841, when the troops were in cantonments, and no enemy was in the field; they were once more granted in January, 1842, when extensive movements became neces sary, and were again withdrawn on the Ist of July, 1843, when the country became quiet and the troops retired to quarters. By the Bombay troops this was submitted to with out a murmur, though the retrenchment of 3 rupees a month, equivalent to between one-half and one-third of his pay, was a virtual infringement of the terms of his enlistment, by which they bound themselves to serve in Hindustan on certain terms only—Government binding itself to grant additional allowances in the event of their being required for foreign service. The Sepoy will march anywhere, and against any enemy, if faith in money matters be kept with him ; but there is no man more tenacious than the native of India of has pecuniary claims on his employer; he could not be made to comprehend how a country which lie had always regarded as foreign to Hindoetan should be commuted into a part of it by proclamation ; nor see why, if Government chose in this instance to make him serve on the Indus on the terms for which lie had enlisted fur service at home, they might not equally insist on his campaigning on the Nile or Oxus, or marching to Bokhara as well as Hyderabad, on home al lowances. It was the same to him whether it was in the hands of the Ameers, or those of the India Company, so long as in matters'of distance, danger, and expensive living, it was essentially the same as formerly, and as different in all respects as possible from Hindostan. By order of the 12th of March Government directed that the Sepoys serving in Sinde should draw while in cantonments the same allowances as were made in India only when troops were in the field; and that the lines wherein they resided should be constructed by Government, and not, as in India, at the charge of the Sepoy. This was nearly all that was desired : it was, it is true, a concession to clamour and not to justice, but still it was a proper and timely one, and, if Government had erred, it was infinitely better to acknowledge and undo the mistake than to persist in en-or. The permanent cost of the extra allowances now granted to the army will amount to about 50,000/. a-year. The donation of six months' batta to all the troops near Hyderabad—about 7,000 in number, and of six months' batta to those engaged near Gwalior, amounting to 25,000, as well as to the whole of the men, about 23,000, who had been in Sinde, for however, short a space, or however occupied, betwisst 28th of February, 1843, and 28th of February, 1844, the victors of Meeanee and Dubba coining in for both gratuities awarded by the ge neral order—is generally believed to have been made with a view of encouraging the reluctant troops to proceed on their march, by holding out the hope of the bounty of Go trernment to those who chose willingly to serve in Siude. The order is in several particulars remarkable. It was issued on the evening of the day of the Governor-General's return to Calcutta, on the second anniversary of his arrival in India —the red letter day ever to be held iu remembrance by the army—when the 17th of February and 'the 24th of March, on which Meeanee and Dubba were fought, have been for gotten. The donation will amount in all to betwixt 280,000/. and 300,000/. ; it is alleged to have been given in conse quence of the want of' information as to the distribution of the prize property taken at Hyderabad ; and, should it have already been determined that this is, according to custom, to be made over to its captors, the army commanded by General Napier this time last year will be one of the most liberally requited that ever fought. There were 17,000 men in Sinde at the time of the battles, and during the sickly season. Seven re giments have since been sent thither, and are included in the order for the donation. The 3d Cavalry having been a week, and a wing of the 14th Native Infantry twenty-four hours in the country, will be equally rewarded with those who have been there since 1838. We noticed in our last the organiza tion of an additional regiment of irregular cavalry, and on the 12th of February, it was intimated that 100 men would be added to each of the regiments of the Bengal and Bombay army which had been included in the reduction of January, 1843, which directed a similar number to be struck off. The former army contains 74 regiments of Native Infantry—the latter 26 ; and the number of regiments excepted amount to 11. 8,000 infantry, with an entire regiment of cavalry, are found necessary therefore to be added to our army in con sequence of, as it is declared, the exigencies of Sinde Sir C. Napier, on the 18th of February, 1843, loudly proclaimed the peril in which the British army was placed in the field of Meeanee for want of a sufficiency of British officers, and re commended, in the strongest manner, that this defect should be remedied withthe least possible delay. The justice and wisdom of the complaint was admitted in all quarters ; and it was every - •where acknowledged that, from a pitiful parsimony in the .pay-officers, we were running the risk of destroying our na tive regiments altogether. The mode in which the recom mendation of the Governor of Sinde has been seconded by the Governor-General, is singular ; an addition of from 8,000 to 10,000 is made to the army, without a single additional officer to command them, while 48 officers are withdrawn from the line for the Gwalior contingent, numbering some where about 7,000 or 8,000 men, The two are equivalent to a reduction of about 100 officers in the Bengal and Bombay armies, just at the time when an addition of about double this number was declared by the highest military authority indispensable. The object of these measures is apparent. lf it cannot be shown that our wars are just or our conquests legitimate, they must be made to seem as little expensive as possible. Finding an augmentation of the army indispen sable, we increase the muster-roll of the men, without adding to the number of their officers ; and this, too, with native troops valuable for field service only when led by a sufficiency of Europeans. On the first anniversary of the day on which the second great victory by which the conquests on the . 3ndus were confirmed became known to us, we may be per mitted to take a short review of the benefits derived from a twelvemonth's possession of the "province fertile as Egypt." The army which, in consequence of the operations in China and Affghanistan, was, betwixt 1838 and 1843, increased by .50,600 men, had just begun to be reduced to its previous strength by the order of January, 1843, which directed the extra company added to each regiment in February, 1842, to be absorbed. We had still some 32,000 more men on our muster-roll than we found sufficient for all ordinary emer gensies before the war policy of 1838 began. This enormous surphis, which would, in all likelihood, have been struck off had peaceful councils resumed sway, not only still exists, but ]pas once more been increased by nearly the amount it was formerly reduced. Sinde has required to be maintained by a force of 16,000 men, at a cost of 1,250,0001. sterling. The pay of 8,000 Sepoys, the present augmentation, at 9 a single rupees each per m ensem , amoun t s t o 86 , 000/ . i n *, gl e year, their clothing and accoutrements to about 24,000 6 or, about 110,000/ . in all. The cha r ge o f a regiment ; a Irregular Cavalry is abo u t 60,0001. i n a ll . Th e au nta tion, therefore, will, in all, cost a b ou t 170,000/ . ; or, ifecon-- con tingencies be included, probably about 200,000/. The batta conceded to the troops amounts to about 50,000/. a-year. If these sums be put together it will be found that, without taking into account the charge for 16,000 men permanently maintained on the Indus at the rate of one and a quarter million sterling, the extra outlay required already to be in curred amounts to 315,0001., or, adding the item just named, to 1,540,000/. annually. This is on the single head of mili tary charges ; we have taken no account of charges for civil government—the pay of judges, collectors, magistrates, or police. The donation Latta of 150,000/. falls on the charges of 1843 and 1844, and has therefore been rejected from our account current. The entire income of the Ameers was esti stnated at 400,000/., and of this, we believe, 220,000/. falls to the shares of our allies the Khyrpore and Bahawulpore chiefs. The expenditure of 1,300,000/. to secure an income of considerably less than a quarter of a million is amongst the pecuniary advantages of the recent conquest ! The moral effects of so valuable an acquisition may be estimated by the fact of six regiments having at one time been driven to mutiny by being ordered to Sinde, and Government having at length found it necessary to come to terms with the mutineers ; and the circumstance of its being known to our enemies that every six or eight years a season of such sickness may be looked for as to lay from 10,000 to 12,000 men in the hoe pitala, while the pestilence-afflicted stations have the strong ' lolds of the mountain Beloochee in front, their own rear being cut off from their supplies by the desert ! Four regi tnents have this season required to be sent out of Sinde wholly disorganised by sickness: a favourite country with the army It may naturally be supposed—just as it may be imagined a lucrative and creditable acquisition to Government ! LAHORE. a lhe,etsgeof this country, to which so much of our atten l'iasu"on nal e been of late directed, continues much the same departure of the last number of the Summary. lieera Singh is still at the head otaffairs, and is doing all in his power to improve own class and cteorm his position by enlisting men of his the hills, and also at Lahore, with the view, it is strongly surmised, of supplanting the Sikh troops in the charge capital, for which purpose he is further doing all he ( c i a e n tac t ) h o e e g et t the Sikh soldiers away from whore, many being Peshawar, where the move • dents of Mahomed Akbar Kit: are causing him great lull.• easiness, and others to the various stations on the S u tl e j, espe cially to Phuloor opposite Loodia n Kussore, opp os it e - Yerozepore. It is, however, with some lty he has s ticcee d ed in carrying out these ends, as the troo sc vharreLthink proper, excessively refractory and absent themselves whenievel7tlthnts under Gene large detachment lately ordered to p tul Khan Singh, flatly I efused to march until such of ) them wished it had bee n to their homes, and a whole i ro t e sted against being s ent to besie g e Secalkote, r•lNtfiler, atie prince Kashmeera Singh, an illegitimate son of Runjeet- Singh, has take n refu g e against the Minister, and threatens to cause him great trouble, as he is a favour ite with the Sikh troops, and has already beaten off one attack made on the tort, and taken two guns. The Ofinister, on the refusal of the regular troops to march, was Compelled to send some irregulars, and also a corps under the command of an officer of the name of Home. The re- Omit will soon be known. Heera Singh feels himself so inse cure in his position that he has, it is said, packed up not only his own valuables, but what is left of those of the State, in St ready to start them off beeno, whither many . of the State jewels have already sent to the care of Rajah Gholab Singh, and amongst them the famous diamond Koh f_7_ll:Coor, which was not worn at the enthronization of the boy Xing Dhuleep Singh on the 2d of February. Rajah Heera Singh had addressed a letter to the Governor-General an flouncing the accession, and is at the same time carrying on puck extensive preparations of a warlike description that he Peems evidently inclined . to the belief so general m India, that peat cold season wi p ll. a w aa t a ntss the occurrence of active opera- lions against the Our latest intelligence from shore, under date of s, tit t e ha l t sth of March, received just as we Were going to press, the Stealkote affair with Prince Kashmeera Singh is assuming a much more rermidable ap pearance than seems at all pleasant to Rajah Heera Four hundred cavalry, two battalions of infantry, and ten pieces of artillery, were to start from Lahore on the morning of the 16th, under the command of Col. Gardiner, with Col. Don Domingo Hurbon d'Alcantara, in charge of a number of Beeldars to act as Sappers and i pliners. Twelve guns had been sent on the 14th, with fifty rounds of ammunition, which were to be increased on the morrow to one hundred. There are already upwards of twenty guns, with mortars, before the place. The report that the Sikh troops proper will not fight against Kashmeerra Singh is confirmed, and, indeed, many of them are said to have deserted to the Prince, so that the operations must be carried on by the Rajah's hill troops. A correspondent at Lahore writes us to say, that nothing is more likely to lead to a crisis than this open re sistance. We may, therefore, expect to have some important events to communicate in our next.—Delhi Gazette, March 21. CHINA. Our intelligence from China at the date of last dispatch extended to the 12th of January, and we are now in posses sion of letters to the 27th of February. The contents of this, like those of all our other budgets this month, are weary, fiat, and unprofitable. A passage of unprecedented celerity has been made from Bombay to Macao in the Ce lestial, a clipper of the finest form but smallest size, which occupied no more than 23 days in the voyage. The Hon. Company's steamer Sesostri•, Captain James Rennie, arrived here on the 13th ult., from Macao, in 24 days, briaging with her as passengers, Major-General Sir J. Schoedde, K.C.8.; Capt. Rose, A.D.C. ; Messrs. Macqueen, Methven, and Conolly. HONG-KONG. (From the Friend of China, Feb. 14.) Our last summary for the overland mail was dated the 23d of December. We resume our task of giving an outline of , the affairs of the colony since that period, as also the state of China generally. The sale of building allotments in the town of Victoria took place on the 23d ult. The allotments were put up by public auction at certain prices varying from 101. to 401. per annum of a ground-rent; parties making purchases being bound to build within twelve months to the amount of ten times the ground-rent. All houses to be built of stone or brick, to the satisfaction of the Government surveyor. The sales are not absolute, but only endure for a lease of 75 years, when•the ground with the buildings revert to the Crown. During the last seven years of the said lease the premises may be inspected by her Majesty's sur veyor, who will order anything thought necessary for keep ing such building in a fit state of repair. Notwithstanding these hard conditions, upwards of 100 allotments sold at prices varying from 51. 103. to 100/. per annum. As these will all be built upon within twelve months, or parties hold ing them suffer a forfeiture of one year's rent for non-com pliance with the conditions of sale, we may expect a large addition to the size of our town in the course of 1844. The colony is now quite healthy, and we trust that the ensuing summer will not prove so fatal to Europeans as the last one. The past season has been a sickly one all over the East— both in India and China. We may reasonably hope, that with some improvements in drainage, a better class of houses, and a greater attention to habits of temperance and cleanli ness, so necessary in tropical climates, the troops, and inhabi tants of the island generally, will escape much of the disease which proved so fatal last summer. The barracks built in Victoria, and on the south side of the island, are spacious and airy, protecting the men from the heat during the day and the dew by night, exposure to either of which is so prejudicial to health in this climate. The most daring attempts at robbery are made almost nightly, and too frequently with success. The Chinese inha bitants are of the worst description, and with all the vigilance of the police and private watchmen, attached to every re spectable house, the Ladrones find their way through brick walls and bolted doors. On the morning of Sunday, the 21st of January, an attempt was made by a body of 70 Ladrones • to force an entrance into the godowns of Messrs. Jamieson, How, and Co. The robbers bound the watchmen on duty, and then proceeded to break open the doors with iron bars, axes, &e. The party within the godowns showed every dis position to resist ; but unfortunately, from the robbers keeping close under the walls, their fire-arms could not be depressed sufficiently to shoot any of the assailants. Mr. Edger, at his bungalow on theta'', beard the affray ; he immediately armed ' his servants, and with two European gentlemen proceeded to the assistance of those who were defending the godowns. The robbers, howeVer, made off, and escaped unpunished. A few days subsequent to this attack, Mr. Edger, in broad V ti o i ne China boat attack and rob another in d t j a i ) e rl f a h r t ;o o u b r s . e r i Mr Henry, an assistant in the house, he gave chase, and captured the piratical boat with nine men. The case has been tried before Major Caine, and the evidence was so clear that they were sentenced to five years in an iron gang, with 100 lashes during each year, and at the expiry of the fire years to be banished the island. Sir Henry Poetin , ger shows an earnest desire to act up to the treaty with China. This is as it ought to be, and will doubtless tend much to raise Englishmen in the estimation of the Cele'stials. On a recent occasion some British subjects at Amoy " wan dered away into the country" further than the fixed boun dary. 6ir Henry has written the Consul at that port a severe letter on the subject, which he also has thought it proper to publish. Major-General D'Aguilar has issued a general order, in which he expresses his determination to maintain the honour of the Queen's Government, and to preserve inviolate the treaty ratified under her' Ma , jesty's sign manual. Her Majesty's 55th Regiment are under orders for immediate embarkation. They return to England after a long period of service in India and China. They have always sustained a character, both in the field and barracks, alike honourable to themselves and the coun- - try they serve. The ship Cornwall sailed on the 2d instant with about 250 invalids from the different corps serving in China. Her Majesty's ship Dido, Captain Keppel, left for Singapore and Calcutta on the 2d. Lord Saltoun, the late Commander of the Forces, has embarked in her. She has also a large freight of specie, part of the Chinese indemnity money. Her Majesty's steam-frigate Driver sailed for Chusan on the 10th. The with troops, so long expected, ar rived on the 7th. She had been dismasted near the Mauri titts, at which port she put in for repairs. Her Majesty's brig Childers is understood to be under orders for England. For general commercial news we refer to the Canton price currents. The high prices at which teas are held in Ce.nton, and the low rates in London, deter merchants from purchas ing so largely as might be expected at this season. Freights still continue low, although many vessels have gone to 'lndia seeking. A large portion of the last year's crop of inferior tea is unsold, and, were satisfactory accounts received by next overland (that for December), freights would probably get up. The sales of cotton piece goods in Canton ; have been large, also on the coast. In Victoria there is! little doing. It will probably be years before the wealthy buyers tind their way to the colony. It is a matter of regret, that more of the English merchants have not removed the head-quarters of their establishments to Hong-Kong. Macao offers no inducements for continuing there, its trade is limited, and not likely to increase. As a place for storing goods, and giving instructions to the various agencies at Canton and on the coast, Hong-Kong is much to be pre ferred. The princely establishment built by Messrs. Jardine, Matheson, and Co., also those by Messrs. Dent and Co., and other firms, are nearly completed. We anticipate at an early date the removal from Macao to this colony of every British house in China. Mr. Richard Burgess, M.A., of the Middle Temple, barrister-at-law, lias been appointed .Clerk of the Legislative Council. The pirates who murdered Dr. M'Kinlay, of the 18th Regiment, and two Portuguese sailors, have been tried by the Chinese authorities. The three who were taken have been sentenced to be decapitated. The ringleader, Farrasxe, was to have suffered an ignominious death (to be cut to pieces) ; he however died in prison, but his head, and also the heads of the other criminals, are to be sent to the place where the crimewas committed, and stuck on poles, as an example, and in order to restrain ruffians. Assistant-Commissary-General Irving died on the Ist inst. Ile had only been a few weeks on the island. He arrived in bad health, his constitution being broken down by long service on the coast of Africa. He was buried on the 2d with military honours. The Pelorus, Captain Triggs, from Cal cutta to China, was lost on the 24th of December, on the London shoals. Captain Triggs proceeded to Singapore in the gig, a distance of 100 miles, where he arrived with two passengers, Mr. and Mrs. Francis. Captain Triggs again left Singapore for the wreck, in the course of three days, in the Victoria steamer. He expected the wreck would hold together, being on the lee side of the shoal, and that the crew would be all saved. THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY MORNING, MAY 7, 1844. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. CIILNA.—By the Antelope clipper we have received, since our last, intelligence from China to the '24th of February. The accounts received state that the Chinese new-year holi days had almost entirely put a stop to business, and few transactions either in imports or exports had been effected. Cotton was quoted at T..% to T. 7 for Bombay ; Bengal 6.2 to 8.6 ; Madras, 6.4 to 8 ; American, 6to 6.5. In the Cotton piece goods market there was a good deal of activity. Prices of opium were quite nominal, namely Malwa, 670 to 680, and Patna, 595 to 600 dollars. Exchange on London, six months' sight, 4s. 6d. With Bengal thirty days' sight, 224 rupees per 100 dollars. The Canton Press of the 13th of January publishes a translation of the articles whereby the new tariff is to be regulated at Macao, as published by the Loyal Senate of Macao in the same volume with the original. The Press says, "The duties that are now levied are gene rally either four or six per cent. on a fixed valuation of most articles, although some, where the qualities are too\•arious, and the difference is too great, are ad valorem." Trade at Shanghai was extremely dull. The Spanish brig Campe chano, from Liverpool to Manilla, with a cargo of piece goods, valued at from 30,0001. to 40,0001., was totally lost on the sth of December, on the Monlufar shoal, in the Straits of San Bernardino. _ _ _ There is little doing in the way of purchasing Black teas, though considerable shipments of former purchases are going on, in order to get ships off before the China new year. Of Green teas the shipments have been large, and the stock is much diminished. Export, since the Ist of October, of Black tea, 25,502,970 lbs. ; Green do., 3,277,7271b5. ; Sorts do., 35,0001bs.—total, 27,815,6971b5. Exchange upon Eng land, 4s. 6d. per dollar ; on Bengal, rupees 222 per 100 dollars ; on Bombay, rupees 222 per 100 dollars ; on Madras, rupees 224 per 100 dollars ; Sycee silver, three per cent. premium ; and Republican dollars, four per cent. discount. Freights, to London and Liverpool, Si. per ton of fifty cubic feet. Our latest arrivals from England have been the Em peror, Canopus, Fairlie, and Magnolia. From Bengal the 1:ob Roy. From Bombay the Antelope, Syed Khan, and Gratitude. From Madras the Kestrel. Our opium market is in a very depressed state. The nominal rates are Patna DO dollars, Benares 500 dollars, and Malwa 670 dollars for old, and 640 dollars for new. A further material decline in prices is anticipated on the arrival of the new Bengal drug from the Calcutta January sale, and of several vessels daily expected from Bombay. COTTON REPORT, JAN. 1, TO JAN. 31, 1844. Bombay 17,180 bales. 73,523 bales. Bengal Madras American 25,073 117,053 (From the Overland Price Current, April 1.) BOMBAY, APRIL I.—During the first week of the past month the native dealers were occupied with the Hoolie Holidays, and there was an almost entire suspension of busi ness. they hare since come into the market, and shown a disposition to purchase pretty freely of some articles of import at former prices, but not at the advanced rates demanded by holders ; and the advices by last mail from England have produced but a slightly favourable effect upon imports gene ; rally—the supplies on the way, to arrive before the next rains set in, being considered by the dealers as amply suffi cient for their wants. METAL. —Iron has been in limited request during the month, and nearly all kinds are rather lower, as our quota tions will show. 'rile copper has declined about Ir, per cwt, and sheathing rs to 1 rs, but hr. 21 3r's and raised bottoms are unaltered, and South American has advanced 3 rs per cwt. Spelter is nominal at 164 rs to 17 rs per cwt. Lead is very dull of sale, particularly sheet, and only 104 rs for Pig, and 11 rs to 114 re for sheet are now obtainable. Red Lead is steady at 11 rs to 114 rs percwt. Tin Plates and Steel are unaltered in value. We subjoin a list of the sales that have been reported to us for publication :—Copper, 225 cwt., Sheathing, at 52 rs 12 as per cwt. ; 900 cwt. Tile, at-51 rs 12 as per cwt. ; 145 cwt. do., at 52 rs ; and 14 cwt. do., at 52 re 2 as per cwt. ; 450 cwt. Brazier's, at 56i rs per cwt ; 140 In go t s , at 52 rs ; 1 00 cwt. Rods, at 544 rs ~and 150 cwt.2S2orsutthoA2m2 ers -4-Izsont,oln2sodtoo.,n B a s t2 ri 2 ti r s s h p ß er a ca r, n a d t y 75 candies 2 ric :s n per , at ca 47 nd r y S sNwae%/itshody(arro,uantdsoand ri; mi co ua o r) w e t , , H at oo 2 p s , m at 1 4 2 as ; 38$ candies ra7aBper cwt. Corms MAsurarrungs.—The !fabrics that have been in the best demand have been grey and bleached jacconets, and these have commanded an advance of about one or two anuas per piece. Bleached longcloths and madapollams havelalso been in fair request at former rates, but grey madapollams and longcloths are rather steady, and only in moderate in quiry. Muslins are rather scarce, and wanted, as also Tur key red goods of all kinds, but prints have been in the most limited request, and the prices obtained are extremely low, and leave a heavy loss to importers. Zebra dresses are nearly unsaleable, and appear to have gone almost out of consumption. YARNS.—There has been a fair demand during the month, especially since the arrival of the mail, and the stocks in first hands being small, prices have advanced *to anua per pound. ooLt.Exs--Continue in very limited demand, and the prices are unremunerating to shippers. Flannels are quite unsaleable. MARINE STORES.—AII kinds of marine stores are dull of sale, but no material alteration in their value can be noticed. SAFFRON is scarce, and has advanced to 32 rs to 36 per lb. CORKS.—We hear of no alteration in the prLe of corks, nor have any sales been reported to us. Borrucs have advanced to 1* rs per dozen, and a sale of 109 gross at that price has been reported to us. BEEF.—Some new beer has arrived, but as ne sales are re ported, the quotations of last month are continued. Smnrrs.—Brandy has still further advanced, and may now be quoted at 2* rs per gallon. EASTERN PRODUCE. Corrox.—The advices from England by the last mail caused considerable excitement in the market, and prices immedi ately advanced 10 rs to 12 rs per candy for the new crop, and 4 rs to 6 rs. for the old, and a further advance of 2 rs. to 4 rs. has since taken place, and prices have still an upward tendency as the quantity of the new crop yet arrived is un usually small, and the stock of the old is in moderate com pass : we may now quote them as below : Broach and Surat, new Rs. 115 to 117 per candy. Dollera, new „ 106 to 108 „ Omrawuttee, new „ 108 to 110 „ Barsee, new lf 102 to 104 „ Compta, old „ 86 to 90 „ COFFEE.—There is none in the market at present, and the prices are nominal. Orwm.—An advance of 50 rs to 60 rs per chest has taken place in the price of opium since our last quotations—the pre sent being 1,250 ra to 1,270 rs. PEPPER has bee•l in improved demand, and prices have advanced about 2 rs per candy. Woor..—Mekran has improved in price, but the other sorts have remained nearly unchanged. The only transaction re ported to us is about 100 candies Khorassan, at 125 re. FREIGHTS. Freights have risen since our last, and may now be quoted at 31 17s 6d to 41, for first-class ships to London and Liver pool ; and at 31 15s per ton, for second-class ships ; but there is little cargo offering at present. EXCHANGES. Early in the month, bills on England, at six months' sight, were sold at is 11H to is 111 d, but the present rate cannot be quoted higher than is 101 d to is llid, and bills are very scarce; 30 days' bills are at is 10d to is 10*d. Exchange on Calcutta, at 60 days' sight, 1001 ra to 1001 rs ; at 30 days' sight, 101* re to 101 i re. On ➢fadras at 60 days' sight, 991 rs ; and at 30 days' 100 rs to 100* ra. On China, 216 rs per 100 dollars. BANKS. Bombay Bank Shares are at 44 t 3 45 per cent. premium, and those of the Bank of Western India at 31 to 32 per cent. THE MONEY MARKET. FREIGHTS. To London To Liverpool }XS 17s. 6d. to £4. To Clyde To China To ditto Opium., per Clipper EXCHANGES. London, 6 months' sight „ 30 days' Fight Calcutta, 60 days' sight Rs. 10011 to 1001 Madras, 60 days' sight 99'12 ans. „ 30 days' sight... „ 100 to 1001 Canton, 60 days' sight , 216 per 100 Sp. drs. PRICES OF BULLION. Sovereigns, each Bank of England Notes, per X i Spanish Dollars, per 100 220 to 221 German Crowns, per 100 Sycee Silver, per 100 tolas 10.3 to 103.14 ans. Gold Leaf, per tela l7 to 17i BANK SHARES Bombay Bank (Rs 1,000 ...Rs 440 to 450 pm. per sh. Bank of Western India ( „ 300)...Rs 155 to 160 do do Agra Bank (~ 500)...Rs 110 to 200 do do GOVERNMENT SECURITIES. Transfer Loans Rs 115 to 116 Five per Cent. Loan, 1825-26 Four per Cent. Loan, 1832-33 Four per Cent. Loan, 1835-36 Five per Cent. Loan, 1841-42 COMPANY'S EXCHANGE IN LONDON, FEB. 6, 1844. With Bengal and Madras, 60 day's sight is 11d• On Bombay, 60 days' sight is llid SAVINGS' BANKS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. S in ,—That alteration in savings' banks had, long ago, be come necessary, is beyond doubt ; the Government have at length taken the subject up. The proposed scale is not the least too low, but admits of further reduction. There should be one set of rules applicable to every 'natl.. tution, and not varied as they now are. One rule should provide that, where a party makes deposit as trustee for another party, he should (subject to penalty for untrue de claration) declare in writing that the account opened was the bond fide money of the person or persons deposited for; that would prevent trickery which now exists In this respect. Managers ought to be very cautious as to the description of parties when first they deposit, as improper individuals (those well situated in life) avail themselves of these laudable institutions.—Your obedient servant, May 6. A MANAGER. OLYMPIC THEATRE.-Mr. C. Baker, late stage manager at this establishment, takes a benefit there this evening. The merits of this gentleman are too well known to require to be particularised, but his politeness and gentlemanly deportment on all occasions cannot be too warmly commended. After having sustained a long and severe illness, we hope the public will not overlook his claims to kindness and sympathy. The performances announced are not only ample, but highly attractive, embracing a combination and variety of talent seldom witnessed on the same boards on the same evening. The members of the Nulli Secundus Club, consist ing of officers who have served in the brigade of Foot Guards, gave their anniversary dinner on Saturday evening at the Clarendon Hotel, when his Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, Colonel-in-Chief of the Coldstream Guards, honoured the company with his presence. • FRIGHTFUL ACCIDENT TO A FATHER AND HIS SON —On Saturday evening, between five and six o'clock, the following appalling accident took place on board the Ann barge, of Faversham, lying off Belvedere timber-wharf, Lam beth. The master of the vessel, William Terry, and his son, Robert Terry, were assisting in unloading her of a cargo of timber, when, just as an immense block had been raised about nine feet from the deck, the iron claws by which it was sustained suddenly gave way, and the timber fell upon the unfortunate persons beneath it. They were extricated as speedily as possible, and conveyed to Westminster Hoe pital in a state of insensibility. The sufferers were alive last evening, but were not expected to survive many hours. Major-General Lord Saltoun, the late Commander of the Forces in China, is daily expected to arrive at his mansion in Great Cumberland-place, via the overland route, from Hong-Kong, where Major-General D'Aguilar, C. 8., has assumed the command. GENERAL COURT MARTIAL.—STRIKING A NON COMMISSIONED Oiriczn.—On Saturday last an inquiry took place at Portman-street barrack, of which Colonel Lascelles, of the Grenadier Guards, was president, touching the con duct of Thomas Hopkins, aged 21, who, without the least provocation, deliberately struck Sergeant and Drum-Major Caldwell, of the Coldstream Guards, whilst on duty. It ap peared from the statement of witnesses, that Hopkins, on Friday evening parade, assembled with others of the drums and fifes, and after the usual customary inspection, he suddenly left the ranks, and struck Caldwell a violent blow under the left jaw. Of course he was instantly placed in custody, when a court-martial, consisting of 15 infantry offi cers, assembled in the adjutant's room of the barracks. The prisoner,it appeared, had been drinking, and when called on fur his defence pleaded guilty. The sentence of the court martial was that he be transported for seven years ; but it is hoped that some mitigatory circumstances may save him from the sentence being fully carried into effect. DEATH OF THE How. R. B. WILBRAHAM, M.P. —lt is with regret we have to announce the death of the above Hon. Gentleman, whe expired yesterday afternoon at five minutes to one o'clock, at Lord Skelmersdale's, in Port land-place. We understand that the deceased had been un well for some days previous ; but his illness was considered merely an attack of influenza, and, consequently, not the least danger was apprehended either by his me dical attendant or relatives. The deceased was the eldest son of Lord Skelmersdale and brother of Lady Stanley. He was born the 27th of October, 1801, and married the 22d of May, 1832 ; Miss Jessey Brooke, third daughter of Sir Richard Brooke, Bart., by whom he leaves several children. Lord Skelmers • dale, Lord and Lady Stanley, Lord Alvanley, Mr. T. and Lady Charlotte Egerton, and other families of rank are placed in mourning by the demise of the Hon. Gentleman. In 1835 he was returned to the House of Commons for South Lancashire, which county he has successively represented in Parliament in conjunction with Lord Francis Egerton. By his death a vacancy occurs in the House of Commons for that county district. FATAL ACCIDENT.—On Sunday, about noon, an so. cident of a most heart -rending description occurred to a fina child, named John Winter, eon of the Bishop of Norwich's coachman. It appears that the unfortunate child, who was only one year and a quarter old, had, unobserved, crept to a trap-door in a room immediately over his Lordship's stables, and fell through, into one of the stalls, under one o f the horse's feet. The father hearing the horse plunge in an un usual manner, went to him. when he perceived his child en tangled in the animal's feet. He instantly rushed to he rescue, but, before that was accomplished, he himself received several severe kicks. The poor infant was at once conveyed to St. George's Hospital, where it breathed its last about three o'clock. THE Cann:cu. LowniEn.—We are glad to be enabled to state, that a final order has, at length, been ra ceived from the Secretary of State's office, to the effect that the man Lowther, who was convicted at the last assist:a of the murder of the Marquis of Normanby's gamekeeper, and sentenced to be executed, is to be transported for life.— Yorkshireman. The Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone is to preside at the anniversary festival of the Noblemsn and Gentlemen educated at Eton College, on Saturday, the 18th inst., at the Thatched House Tavern. CARRYING COALS TO NEWCASTLB.--011 Saturday morning the Frith of Forth presented a very animated scene —upwards of thirty light colliers were seen beating up to the various coal ports on the coast, to load coal for the London market, in consequence of the " strike" among the English pitmen; and, what is not a little curious, a large vessel is at present loading Scotch coal for Newcastle. — Durham Advertiser. THE MONSTER BELL.—Subscriptions amounting to about 800 L have been received towards the great bell at York, which is to be christened the Great Peter Bell. It is to weigh ten tons and not eight, as at first intended. A gentleman subscriber has offered an additional sub scription of 11. for every cwt. above eight tons, con sequently by this alteration he will have 401. more to pay.—Leeds Times. _ _ singular case of bigamy has been discovered in Liverpool. A married woman, named Margaret M'Neal, living with her husband, got married with his consent, about three years ago, to their lodger, named Michael De vinne, and they have since lived happily all together. The Woman when taken into custody had a child in her arum IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT HOUSE OF LORDS, May 6. Their Lordships met at Five o'clock. The Bishop of LONDON presented petitions against the Dissenters' Chapels Bill from Belfast. The Earl of YARIiOROUGH presented a number of petitions from places in Lincolnshire against any altera tion in the corn-laws. The Earl of STRADBROKE presented similar petitions. The Earl of WINCHILSEA presented 120 petitions to the same effect from Suffolk and Kent. IMPORT DUTIES. Lord MONTEAGLE gave notice that, on Thursday next, he should move that a Select Committee be ap pointed to inquire into the effect of protecting duties on the commerce of the country. Lard CAMPBELL presented a number of petitions, praying their Lordships to legalise Presbyterian mar riages in Ireland. Lord BROUGHAM presented a petition from a per son named Dennis, and M.A., complaining of his having been committed to prison in Winchester, as a vagrant, for having sold tracts in the street.—(Laughter.) The NOBLE and LEARNED LORD also laid on the table a Bill for regulating the law of debtor and creditor, which was read a first time. Lord BEAUMONT laid on the table a Bill to place Roman Catholics on the same footing as Dissenters, with respect to the law relating to charitable bequests. The English Debtors on the Continent Bill passel through Committee, and was ordered to be read a third time on Monday next. Lord CAMPBELL then moved the second reading of the Irish Debtors' Bill. The Earl of WICKLOW inquired why one Bill would not do for the two countries ? Lord CAMPBELL said the form of proceeding in Ireland was different to what it was in England, and therefore two Bills were necessary. After a few words from the LORD CHANCELLOR, the Bill was read a second time. The Marquis of NORMANBY presented several peti tions in favour of the Dissenters' Chapels Bill. The Noble Marquis wished to know when the Committee sshich was appointed last session to inquire into the sub ject of Presbyterian Marriages in Ireland, would meet again. The LORD CHANCELLOR said he could not at present answer the question. The Marquis of NORTHAMPTON presented a peti tion from the Art-Union of London, praying the House to pass a Bill to legalise the Art-Unions of England. Lord WHARNCLIFFE laid on the table of the House the report of the Committee which had been ap pointed to watch the progress of the building or the Houses of Parliament. He stated, that upon the Com mittee going over the Houses of Parliament, they dis covered that Mr. Barry, the architect, had departed very much from the regulations which were originally laid down by the Committee. The Noble Lord gave notice that he should call the atten tion of the House to the subject on Thursday. THE APPOINTMENT OF MR. O'BRIEN. The Marquis of CLANRICARDE then rose to call the attention of the House to the appointment of Mr. O'Brien as a stipendiary magistrate in Ireland. Al though this gentleman had very recently expressed very strong opinions in favour of the repeal of the Legislative union between England and Ireland, although this appointment might be considered as a trifling matter, yet he could assure the House that in Ireland such ap pointments were matters of the utmost importance. The tirst consideration of a Government in making such appointments ought to be as to the character and stand ing of the person to be appointed ; for the peaceable state of certain parts of Ireland depended, in a very large degree, upon the person who filled the office of stipendiary magistrate. The case to which he was then calling the attention of the House was one which he did not think could for a moment be defended by the Govern ment. Mr. O'Brien was 28 years of age, and was originally intended by his parents for the profession of the law. He did not, however, remain very long at his legal studies, but for two or three years he gave himself up to the charms of private life. This private life, however, began to cloy upon him, and he then suddenly conceived a passion for public life, and became a violent Repealer, at a time, in justice to him it should be stated, when repeal was not so fashionable as it had since become. During this time, at various pe riods and places, Mr. O'Brien applied the most offensive epithets to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland ; he became so strong in his language that, at one meeting at the Corn Exchange, in Dublin, Mr. O'Connell would not allow him to proceed in his -speech, and Mr. O'Brien left the hall in high displeasure. Soon after this a change came over the spirit of Mr. O'Brien's dream. This was at the time that Mr. O'Con nell was the Lord Mayor of Dublin, and it so happened that Mr. O'Brien was summoned before that Learned Gentleman for payment of his ser vants' wages. And what did their Lordships think was the defence set up by this gentleman? Why that his servant's services were performed out of the ju risdiction of the Lord Mayor. Mr. O'Connell would not admit this plea, and decided against Mr. O'Brien, and from that time Mr. O'Brien became one of the bitterest enemies of Mr. O'Connell. In one of his letters he de- scribed that Learned Gentleman as a beggar, exposing his sores, a monster, and a being only fit for a gibbet, or to feritlise a foreign soil.—(Laughter.) This then was the style of writing which the Government had determined to uphold—this was the style of writing which had obtained Mr. O'Brien his appointment. Lord Eliot had stated that Mr. O'Brien was of an old family, and was an inde pendent gentleman. This latter fact he (the Marquis of Clanricarde) was ready to disprove. It was true that Mr. O'Brien had two estates, one in Galway, and one in Roscommon, but both these _ estates were overwhelmed with judgment debts recorded in Court, and a list of which he (the Marquis of Clanricarde) held in his hand. This, then, was the gentleman who had found favour with the Government, and who had been appointed to a situation in which he would have to communicate officially and confidentially with them. He (the Marquis of Clanricarde) thought, therefore, that he had shown to their Lordships that this appoint ment of Mr. O'Brien was a most unfortunate one, espe cially when they came to consider that Mr. Blake was set aside for the appointment of Mr. O'Brien, Mr: Blake, be it remembered, having been a magistrate for ten years, having never been known to utter one ob jectionable sentence, and who had always been respected by all who knew him. Having said so much, he would not trouble their Lordships further, except just to ad vert to an argument—lu quoque argument—which was used by the Noble and Learned Lord near him (Lord Brougham) with respect to this subject. His Noble and Learned gave Friend al,eh t said v ipr t c h e a . tt e h s e i d lateency of theßoard o f Trade of fered the Mastership of th e R o ll s t o M r . O'Con nell,and to Mr. Sheil, and the Noble and Learned Lord said that these were parallel cases to that of Mr. O'Brien. This parallel he (the Marquis of Clanricarde) could not discover. Mr. Sheil never made violent speeches in favour of repeal, nor did he ever write inflammatory and violent letters on the subject. With respect to the case of Mr. O'Connell, he thought there was not the slightest similitude to be found to that of the case of Mr. O'Brien. The Noble Marquis concluded by moving that the ap pointment to the office of a stipendiary magistrate in Ireland of a person who had published intemperate and extreme opinions upon political questions which had agitated the public mind, was not calculated to maintain confidence in the impartial administration of justice which such an appointment was intended to establish. Lord WHARNCLIFFE apprehended that this mo tion was neither more nor less than an attempt to cen sure the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland and the Govern ment at home. Now he (Lord Wharncliffe) would meet this attempt boldly. The Noble Marquis had stated that certain gentlemen had been passed over. Why, who was the person to judge as to who should be passed over and who should not, if it was not the Lord-Lieutenant? When the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland appointed Mr. O'Brien he knew nothing of the letter to which so much reference had been made as having been written by Mr. O'Brien—a letter, be it remembered, silly and foolish in itself. So far, then, the implied charge against Lord De Grey fell entirely to the ground. With respect to the change of Mr. O'Brien's opinion upon the subject of repeal, he (Lord Wharncliffe) would call to the recol lection of their Lordships the time at which that change took place. It occurred at the time when the Repeal Association was dabbling with the French, and with the Americans, and soliciting sympathy from those countries. Mr. O'Brien saw this, and he (Lord Wharncliffe) could very well understand that such a gentleman as Mr. O'Brien would feel disgust at the attempt which Mr. O'Connell was making, and endeavour to free himself entirely from any connexion with, or participation in it. Before Lord De Grey appointed Mr. O'Brien he had a personal interview with that gentleman, and in that way satisfied himself that Mr. O'Brien was fitted for the appointment which was about to be given to him. He (Lord Wharncliffe) would ask whether there was anything in the letters to which reference had been made which could show that Mr. O'Brien was not qualified for the situation to which he had been ap pointed? nt e this. He did o He apprehended oth i tok that that it he Noble Marquis would t show was justified in going into the private affairs of Mr. O'Brien, or in going into an inquiry as to what was the amount of his debts. Why, if the Government were re quired to look into these private matters whenever they made an appointment similar to that of Mr. O'Brien, they would have enough to do.(Hear, hear.) With respect to the affair about the servant, he (Lord Wharn chile) would just remark that their Lordships ought not to form any opinion upon such a matter without first being in full possession of the facts of the case. Was not Mr. O'Brien entitled to make the objection he did? He might have considered that Mr. O'Connell would be prejudiced against him, and, if he did think so, he was justified in making the objection which he hill offered. He (Lord Wharncliffe) could not but feel surprise that whenever there was a word said publicly against Mr. O'Connell there was immediately a clamour amongsen certain number of Noble Lords in that House. These Noble Lords cherished that Learned Gentleman's as sistance, but when he got to the verge of difficulty they left him. Mr. O'Connell had certainly been offered the office of Chief Baron. The Marquis of NORMANBY said Mr. O'Connell had never been offered the Chief Baronship, but he was offered the Mastership of the Rolls. Lord WHARNCLIFFE--Then Mr. O'Connell had stated that which was not true.—(Hear, hear.) But passing by this subject, he (Lord Wharncliffe) did not think that the Noble Marquis opposite had made out a case against the appointment of Mr. O'Brien, and there he should leave it. The Marquis of NORMANBY said the Noble Lord who had just sat down commenced by stating that he would meet this case boldly./ Although that Noble Lord had met it boldly, he had done so bbt weakly. The Noble Marquis then entered into a deface of the course pursued by the late Government with respect to the offer made to Mr. O'Connell. With respect to the case before the House, the No!)le Lord had stated that the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland was the person to judge of the appointment of stipendiary magistrates in Ireland. It was so, but was that an answer to the Noble Mar quis (Clanricarde) behind him? Was it to be said that Parliament was not to have the power to interfere? Such a proposition was absurd. This was a subject which Parliament ougheto inquire into; and, entertaining that opinion, he should certainly support his Noble Friend behind him. Lord BROUGHAM did not think, with the Noble Marquis behind him (the Marquis. of Clanricarde), that they ought to enter into the comparative merits of two c%ndidates for the office of stipendiary magistrates. His Noble Friend was there to show, not that Mr. Blake was more fitted for the office than Mr. O'Brien, but that Mr. O'Brien was unfit for the office to which he had been appointed; and unless he had done this, of course their Lordships would not go along with him in his vote of censure, for censure it was upon Her Majesty's Govern ment. Altar all, what was the charge against Mr. O'Brien? It was that he first raised an idol, and after wards changed his opinion, and became an Iconoclast.— (Laughter.) When they came to consider of the letters of which complaint had been made, they must also consider what was the early life of Mr. O'Brien? He had rolled at the feet of an idol, and at the feet of that idol he had gathered the flowers of his rhetoric—(Laughter)—and when he became an Iconoclast he preserved a portion of the idol, and that was its vocabulary.—(Great laughter.) Under these circumstances, he (Lord Brougham) did not think there was so much blame to be attached to Mr. O'Brien on account of these letters, silly and un becoming as he believed them to be. He did not think this was an improper appointment, and, therefore, he could not vote with his Noble Friend behind him. After a few words from the Earl of HADDINGTON, The Marquis of CLANRICARDE replied. The motiun was then put and negatived without a division. Their Lordships then adjourned at a Quarter to Nine o'Clock. HOUSE OF COMMONS, May 6. The SPEAKER took the Chair at the usual hour. On the motion of Sir T. FREMANTLE, a new writ was ordered for the borough of Abingdon, in the room of Thomas Duffield, Esq., who since his election had accepted the office of steward of her Majesty's Chiltern Hundreds. Mr. MACKINNON presented a petition in favour of protection to agriculture. Mr. F. MAULE and Mr. Ross presented petitions praying the House to legalise Presbyterian marriages. The Liverpool Fire Prevention Bill was reported. Mr. TRELAWNY presented a petition from Corn wall, praying for a reduction of the duty on foreign sugar. LANCASTER AND CARLISLE RAILWAY.' Lord GRANVILLE SOMERSET moved that the amendments made by the Lords to the Lancaster mill Carlisle Railway Bill be referred to the following Mem bers, for their consideration and report, viz. :—Mr Est court, Mr. Miles, Mr. Strutt, Sir William lleathcote, Mr. Aglionby, Sir John Yarde Buller, Mr. Wilson Patten, Mr. Pendarves, Mr. Ord, Sir Robert Ferguson, and Mr. Cumming Bruce ; with power to send for persons, pa pers, and records.— Agreed to. Mr. DENNISTOUN presented a petition from the master cotton-spinners and power-loom cloth manufac turers of Glasgow, against any further interference with the hours of labour in factories; and a petition from the operative coopers of Glasgow, for the repeal of the duty on foreign staves. Mr. P. HOWARD presented a petition from the operatives of Carlisle against any interference with the hours of labour in factories. Sir G. STRICKLAND presented petitions from Yorkshire against the Masters and Servants' Bill. Mr. lIU.ME presented petitions from Montrose against the Inclosure Bill. Colonel RUSIIBROOKE presented ten petitions against any alteration in the corn-laws. PRIVILEC4E. Mr. B. COCHRANE rose to complain of a petition that had been presented by the Hon. Member for Roch dale (Mr. Sharman Crawford) some time since. He had been told by several persons that one half the signatures were forgeries, and he had been requested by several of his principal supporters to inquire by whom that petition was forwarded for presentation ? Mr. S. CRAWFORD said the Hon. Member had been kind enough to intimate to him that he intended to put the question, and he had searched all his papers to en deavour to find anything that would indicate the source from whence the petition came. That search had been wholly unsuccessful, and his memory did not serve him to say from whom the petition came. If the Honourable Member for Bridport had sooner mentioned the case, he might have been able to give him some information on the subject which he was at pre sent utterly unable to do. At the same time, if the Hon Member could point out any mode of discovering the parties, he should be happy to assist him in doing so. Mr. B. COCHRANE made some observations in re • ply, hut was called to order. Sir R. H. INGLIS said the case presented prima facie evidence of a breach of privilege. The SPEAKER reminded the Hon. Gentleman that there was no question before the House. Sir R. H. INGLIS said it was for the purpose of rais ing a question that he addressed the House. The Honourable Member had been assured by some of his constituents that there were fbrged signatures attached to the petition. This was calculated to deprive petitions presented to that House of all their value. He did not know whether either of the Hon. Members in tended to make a motion, but the case was not unde serving the attention of the House. Mr. CRIPI'S stated that ten petitions, which were presented on the Ten Hours' Bill, had the appearance of being all written and signed by the same person. Mr. HUME said that he believed there was a resolu tion that each petition should be examined by the clerk at the table, to see if it was right. The SPEAKER said that the resolution required that a Member of the Mouse should sign his name to the petition, but that was not done. Mr. HUME thought the House ought to come to a resolution that no petition should be received till it was signed by the Member who presented it, who would therefore be responsible for it. He thought her Ma jesty's Government should take the matter up ; but if they did not, he should have no objection to move a re solution of the kind.—(Hear, hear.) Mr. DARBY thought it would occasion a great loss of time if the clerk was obliged to examine every pe tition. Dr. BOWRING thought it would be sufficient if the Member was to give a character to the petition he pre. sented by signing his name. After a few words from Mr. CRIPPS, the subjec dropped. NOTICES OF MOTIONS. Sir D. NORREYS gave notice of a motion, for Thurs day next, on the subject of the poor-laws (Ireland). Mr. CURTEIS presented a petition from the Com missioners of Rye Harbour, praying that their rights might not be interfered with by any Inclosure Bill. Mr. ESCOTT gave notice that, in Committee on the Ecclesiastical Courts Bill, he would move the insertion of a clause to preserve the Court of the Archdeacon of Canterbury for the purpose of the probate of wills. In answer to a question from Mr. HAWES respecting the Medical Relief Committee (as we understood), Lord ASHLEY said, that the delay of the report of the Committee was owing to the Committee having to go over so much ground, in which considerable time was occupied. The Committee was now actively e ngage d in pursuing the requisite inquiries, and he trusted they would be quickly eaabled to produce a highly valuable report. Dr. BOWRING said, seeing the Right Hon. Gentle man, the Chancellor of the Exchequer in his place, he begged to call his attention to a statement which he had made a few nights ago on the subject of mar i ne insur ances. He stated that English underwrit ers were ex posed to severe competition in Consequ e n ce o f t h e vesse l s of foreign ports not having to pay broker age . Th e Ri g h t Hon. Gentleman, however, told him that he had been misinformed. Now he had since ascertained that what he had stated was, in fact, correct. The Senate of Hambergh took ss. in the shape of brokerage. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said the Hon. Gentleman had misrepresented what he said. What he had said was, that there was a charge on marine insurances, and this statement he had made on good authority, namely, that of Lloyd's. The Hon. Gentleman said that it was not levied for the State, but in the shape of brokerage ; its being paid in the shape of brokerage, he conceived, made no difference. MEDICAL REFORM BILL. In reply to a question from Mr. F. MAULE Sir J. GRAHAM said that the Medical Reform Bill was in a state of preparation. MR. B. GREGORY'S IMPRISONMENT. Mr. ROEBUCK presented a petition from Mr. B. Gregory complaining of the hardship s t o w hi c h h e was subjected in his imprisonment in Newgate upon a con viction for libel. He was confined in a solitary cell. having no bed but a mattrass on an iron frame, with in sufficient covering, and the only drink allowed to him was water-gruel. The Hon. and Learned Member would take that opportunity of asking the Right Hon. Gentle man the Secretary of State, whether the gaol of Newgate was under his control ? and whether, if so, the hardships of which the petitioner complained were suffered under regulations imposed by the governor, or by some local authority ? The petition was ordered to lie on the table. Sir J. GRAHAM said, that having had notice of the lion. and Learned Gentleman's intention to present this petition, and put his question, he had inquired as to the particular facts of Mr. Gregory's case. He found that Mr. Gregory had been convicted of a misdemeanour, and that the offence was (under a statute passed in 1840) di vided into two classes, the first being subject to a less punishment than the other. Immediately after the sentence was passed, Gregory moved the Court that he should be placed in the first class of offenders, but the Court positively refused the motion, and the petitioner was placed in the second class, and subjected to the severer punishment. However, in consequence of repre sentations that his health was suffering, an alteration was made in his treatment. He was not kept in solitary confinement—he was placed in a room of a better kind—was allowed a fire, and many other in dulgences, which would not be, allowed to prisoners of the same class, except upon the representation that their health was impaired by their confinement. His diet was under the direction of the medical officer. Special directions had been given to the medical prac titioner who attended the prison to visit Mr. Gregory once every fortnight, and to report to the Home-office, and so far from the health of Mr. Gregory having been impaired by his protracted confinement, he was better now than when he was first confined.—(Laughter.) In carrying the law into execution, it had not been thought fit to extend any indulgence to Mr. Gregory, beyond that which was extended in ordinary cases, and unless it should be represented to him that the pro- tracted confinement of Mr. Gregory, under these circum stances, would be dangerous to his lire, he should not be prepared to shorten it. CONDUCT OF POLICE MAGISTRATES. Mr. lIORSMAN wished to ask the Right Honourable Baronet if he had received any information on the subject of the conduct of a police magistrate in adjudi cating upon a case which had been brought before him. The case was this :—it appeared that a private in the Grenadier Guards had accosted a female in the street, who had just left her house ; that, being fright ened, she returned towards her home ' • that she was pursued by the soldier, who entered her house with her, threatened her, and assaulted her ; that she screamed " Murder," struggled, and fainted. On the investigation of these charges before the magistrate, the facts were not denied, but the man pleaded that he was intoxicated, and the magistrate, in adjudicating on the case, said that, taking into consideration the circumstance that the man was drunk, he should only impose a fine of 10s. He wished to ask the Right Hon. Gentleman if his attention had been drawn to the case ? Sir J. GRAHAM said that his attention had been called to the case, and he had referred to the magistrate, and asked for his explanation. It was true as had been stated, that the soldier was intoxicated; that some signals had passed between him and the woman ; that she had returned home and locked the door ; that he had broken down the door and offered violence to her ; that she had screamed, on which her neighbours entered and rescued her ; the soldier had been given into custody, and the charge had been brought before a police magistrate. The charge entered on the sheet was that of Mary Brown, 4, street, Westminster, for breaking in her door, value one shilling. The magistrate on hearing the case was satisfied that the man was intoxicated, and that he had misunderstood the woman entirely in con sequence of what had passed between them in the street. The door was an extremely slender one, and the lock was so worn as t.) offer no resistance. The magistrate was not satisfied as to the extent of the violence com mitted, and therefore did not feel justified in dealing with the prisoner as fur a graver offence. He might certainly have committed the prisoner for an aggravated assault, but under all the circumstances of the case—especially re ferring to what had previously taken place in the street, and that the actual damage was valued only at a shilling —the magistrate considered the justice of the case would be met by the penalty imposed. With respect to the charge that the magistrate hr.d made drunkenness a plea in extenuation of the offence, the Hon. Member for Cockermouth (Mr. llorsman), taking his information from the newspapers, had been greatly misled. A statement he held in his hand from Mr. Jar dine distinctly denied this, and asserted on the contrary that he (Mr. Jardine) could not allow such a plea to weigh for one moment with him in the adj udica tion of punishment.—(Hear, hear.) Mr. HORSMAN considered the explanation of the Right Hon. Gentleman was perfectly satisfactory, and that from the latter portion of it especially great public good would accrue. Messengers from the Lords brought down several Bills. GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF INDIA. Upon Sir ROBERT PEEL moving the Order of the Day for the House resolving itself a Committee on the Bank Charter, Lord JOHN RUSSELL said that there was a matter of great importance for the consideration of the House, and he wished some period to be fixed for bringing it forward. He alluded to the extraordinary proceedings that had taken place with respect to the Governor-General of India. He did not wish to raise any impediment with respect to the discussion which stood for to-night, but after what had taken place it was impossible that the matter could pass over with out some explanation as to the course pursued by the Government, and as to the manner in which, for the future, India was to be governed. He perceived that his Hon. Friend, the Member for Montrose, had a motion for to-morrow evening on the subject, but it stood low in the list. Ile admitted that it would be unfair on Government nights to interfere with the orders of the day ; but still on a subject of such great importance as the government of the Indian possessions of this country, he trusted that Hon. Members who had notices for to-morrow night would allow the I-lon. Mem ber for Montrose precedence, in order that he Might bring the subject forward. It was his firm opinion that some certain time should be fixed when the motion might be brought on. Mr. HUME said that his name stood first in the notice paper for to-morrow with respect to the printing of a petition, complaining of the magistrates of Shrews bury, and his name stood last in the paper with respect to the motion as to the recal of the Governor-General or India. Now, he had no objection, if i t me t w ith th e approval of the House, to take the last motion first, and the first last.—(Great laughter.) Sir R. PEEL stated, that he would not take any ob jection to the course proposed to be pursued by the Hon. Member. It was for Hon. Members who had pre cedence to say whether they would give way or not. Mr. COBDEN stated that he had a motion which stood second in the paper for to-morrow. He had no - desire to put it off; but if it was the wish of the House, he would not stand in the way of the Hon. Member for Montrose. Sir R. PEEL coulditot undertake to say how long the Hon. Member for Montrose would be, but he could assure the House that what he (Sir R. Peel) would have to say would be very short indeed. The subject then dropped, it being understood that Mr. Hume would have precedence to-morrow evening. THE BANK CHARTER. The order of the day for going into Committee on the Bank Charter Act was then read, and the Speaker having left the Chair, the House went into Committee, Air. Greene in the Chair. Sir IL PEEL then rose for the purpose of moving resolutions. He said—There must occasionally be some questions of such vast and manifest importance, and which prefer such a claim, or I should rather say, such a demand, on the attention of a Legislature, that all rhetorical proofs, all dilation on the value of the subject, or injunctions of the duty of giving it an attentive consideration, become superfluous and needless. I shall, therefore, proceed at once to call the attention of the Committee to a matter which enters into every transaction of which money forms the basis ; there is no contract public or private, no engagement national or individual, the enterprise of commerce, pri vate trade, the arrangements to be made in all the do mestic relations of society, the wages of labour, the transactions of the highest amount as well as those of the lowest, the payment of the National Debt, the pro vision for the national expenditure on the one hand, and the command which the coin, of the smallest denomina tion, has over the necessaries of life—all these are affected by the decision to which we may come on the great question which I am about to sub mit to the consideration of the Committee. The circumstances out of which the duty imposed on me arises, are shortly these. In the year 1833 an Act of Parliament was passed which continued to the Bank of England certain privileges until the year 1855, and after the year 1855 until Parliament should determine to give one year's notice to the Bank of its intention to revise the charter. Before, however, the expiration of the full period of 21 years—before the arrival of that term of 1855, there was reserved to Parliament the power, after the lapse of ten years, by giving notice to the Bank, of revising and reconsidering the charter. That period will arrive in August, and it will be then competent to the House, by notice to the Speaker, to signify that within six months then following the House will consider the charter of the Bank of England ; but if this opportunity is permitted to go by, the charter of the Bank, and all the privileges it confers, will' necessarily endure till 1855. In the present state of this country—in the present state of the currency— after the inquiries instituted—after public attention has been called to the subject—her Majesty's Government feel it to be their duty to avail themselves of the oppor tunity thus given to them by law, and to submit their views to Parliament on the subject. They are of opi nion that inquiry- has been exhausted—(Hear, hear) — that all the information essential to a satisfactory judg ment has been acquired, and they think they would be abandoning their duty if they did not undertake maturely to consider the subject, and to take upon themselves the responsibility of submitting to Parliament at once, without, waiting for protracted inquiry, the measures which in their opinion it is desirable to adopt.—(Hear, hear.) Sir, I am perfectly satisfied the Members of this House, rising superior to all party considerat'ons and all private interests, will consider it their duty to apply their deliberate and impartial con sideration to this great subject. I have that confidence in the House of Commons, from past experience of their superiority to mere party views or personal interests, when matters of deep importance are under considera tion, and I feel convinced that will be the course they will pursue on the present occasion. I ask them to night for no decision.—(Heir, hear.) In fact, I would deprecate the delivery of any positive opinions now. I ask them to listen to the proposal I am about to make, to hear the evidence and arguments I adduce, and to read and consider the resolu tions which I shall move in Committee pro forma, and, having maturely deliberated on them, to come then to a discussion, and pronounce their final judgment.—(Hear.) I am not shaken in the confidence I have in the House, in consequence of having seen publications inviting the atten dance of Members on the subject. I hold in my hand the resolutions of a meeting of private country bankers, held on the 17th of April last. I find they have re solved that the refusal of the Government to give in formation on the subject of their measure concerning banks of issue naturally leads to the conclusion of their intention to prepare some measure affecting country banks generally, and that this meeting considers it most probable it related to the local circulation of country banks. Under these circumstances, it is stated to be most desirable that all banks of issue, whether private or joint-stock banks, should unite to prevent any altera tion in the local circulation of those banks, or in the condition in which it is now placed by law. They say that joint-stock banks and private bankers should unite in opposing any such alteration. Sir, I complain not of these resolutions—l complain nut of the inviting Members of Parliament to attend here to consider the subject. But I do hope that Members of Parliament will resist the substance of those resolutions, and will not come down here determined to oppose any alteration before they consider the subject. I ask you to consider the great principles which an alteration in the currency involves. I ask you, are you so satisfied with the existing state of things—are you so convinced that it is utterly impossible to suggest any alteration in the exist ing law, that you will come down here, before hearing any discussion on this subject, prepared to offer an in superable obstacle, by previous concert and understand ing, to any alteration in the existing law ? I know that to be impossible. I hold in my hand the evidence which should make it impossible that any such previous com pact and understanding, if entered into, should be acted upon. Sir, my immediate proposition ap pears to relate to bank concerns, and in particular to the issue of promissory notes. But, considering that ten years have now elapsed since this subject was brought under consideration, I hope I shall be excused if I de _ a it not limit myself to a c o nsideration of those pasac' W ea which, in a superficial view, appear to determine; issue of pronfssory notes, I hope I shall he allowed go deeper into the principle—(Hear, overns this great matt tr. I cannot discuss here 's* principles on which we should establish an •elegagl i i ment to pay a certain definite value unless ; are agreed upon the principle as to what co nstitutett; measure of value in this country.—(Hear, hear.) ' 1 ; 0 1 is the foundation of the whole subject. It is impo s !„ to raise any superstructure, merely regarding the Cu, latien of paper credit and paper currea4l unless we first consider the principle which deter is a i tha the value of that of which paper is the mere represeao, live, and it is impossible that we can come to a eora is g a agreement as to the issue of paper unless we I t i e agreed as to certain great principles relating t'; os , measure of value alai the medium of exchange. ___„ ol Sir, I very much fear that there is not that colowt• agreement as to this other and greater prineiP le ol which I allude. I am afraid there is not an unif i e a agreement as to what is in this country the sta nd of and what merely constitutes the measure, value. I invite discussion on that first 5 10 preliminary question, the foundation of all want to ask what is, by the law and practice of de' country, its measure of value ; what is that wh ien ,11 termines all contracts ? I strip this question e • merely technical phrases, I want to consider it la w . popular point of view. The denomination of Yal tie iol pound; I will not talk of measures of value, I speak cbn"v f ati that with which your are in the everyday o ccurre w o of life perfectly familiar, and my first question is , di is a pound, and what is the engagement to pay a r i c and unless you are agreed upon that, it is in li s t attempt to legislate upon this subject. If a run ex ist mere visionary fiction, a fiction which does ou t a wl either in theory or value, in that case ' lll 'o, class of measures relating to paper currency 0 t! be necessary. But if the word " pound," a c ° , s l l o o l ' denomination of value, signifies something more "• t ioa mere visionary fiction ; if a pound mean a cpantiese the precious metals, of certain weight and certain &u iota' if that be not the definition of a pound, another class r t n vi .a. sures relating to paper curreacy will be requisite. r 2 ta lit whole foundation ofmy measures rests upon the asstu n i ljel that according to practice, according to law, se c° the to the ancient monetary policy of this count* orr meaning of a pound is neither more nor less than s it t. l l taro definite quantity of gold, with a mark upon 0 0 1 define its weight and fineness, and that the eng 4 n e t bil to pay a pound means nothing, and can mean Ili, else than the promise to pay to the holder on ' c h at) a definite quantity of the preci ous metal.—(Hear' a, or Therefore, I ask, what is the meaning o f a poun cording to the ancient monetary p o licy o f this cony The origin of the term was thi s : —l n the reign 01 4 0 Ham the Conqueror a pound of silver was the ?? t , t b ; A account. The pound represented both the we i g metal and the denotninatidn of money. By sues debasements of the currency a great alteratioofty made, not in the main, but in the intrinsic valne, s 4o pound sterling ; and it was not until a late perio a ', reign of Queen Elizabeth that silver, then beioeigli standard of value, received that determinate which it retained, without variation, with constantry to alter it, until the year 1716, when gold was sub n s t s o l , for silver as the exclusive standard of value. P.o o ' standard of value observed up to the year 1716 wiled, fixed in 1567. In the year 1717 the value of the roks was determined to be 215., and for a certain r, e ,ai!, both gold and silver constituted the standard of s b oll But in the year 1774, it was enact e d th a t no debt be discharged in silver for more than 25 _ 1 ' 0 0, then, in some measure, gold be c ame the s' 4 ' l 79 , of value, and continued so until the year ,t' when that fatal measure, the Bank Restrictionted was passed—(Cheers)—and parties were pertoit issue paper at their di scre ti on , no t conver tible / o °o o , That led not only t o a new course o f Pi's. 0 9 monetary affairs, but to new th eor i es a nd ne t ; A lt; to the standard of value.—(C r i es o f " Hear, "aa6 From the year 1797 to 1810 th e p u bli c m ind was say - di with these theories ; and it was not until the lattetolf ll e co that men of sagacity, obser v i ng th a t the exchaof been for a considerable period unfavourable to tit t iO j try—more so than could be accounted for byvil" . 4 called the balance of trade—invited the attentio n Government and the Parliament to the subje t 'ye6V a Committee was appointed by this House to l i r i ges te gate the matter. Various opinions were s u ,S! by the persons examined ; but it was generally io ta tamed that the pound sterling meant a definite cl o f of the precious metals, and that those perso ns wastt mised, in their issues of paper, to pay a pound s ue d were bound to pay that definite quantity of g 0 0 1 , silver.—(Hear, hear.) That opinion was Yeti pe p contested, and the House of Commons was not /ed ling to acquiesce in it. From 1797 up to that re (1810) the prevailing opinion of the Put i v , , that the opinion w as a mere v i s i onar y speculat'7 o ( that something other th an a p ar ti cu l a r weighw te rlili precious metals must be und ers t oo d by a pound s o b Mr. Horner, and those who agreed with him, 1 )5 4 their opinions ; but, Sir, I must do them the J ust p el say, that they did state what they meant by hisa is sterling. They gave their definition t w ol ielaa must also say has not been the case with gl o pea:o who have published pamphlets upon the question of late years. They never tell u they mean by a p , und sterling.—(Hea r ' be e i One of them said, a po md may be defined t ° sense of value in reference to currency as cOO with commodity."—(A laugh.) Now as that 0 4 1 ,1 appear to be a very intelligible definition, anothe r e at i who fancied that some better definition was ile a fres a pound, than that it was " a sense of v a lue in 1. . e to currency as compared with comm o dity," P o o, d definition. " The standard (said he) is a unit, a, 0 , numerical value of that unit is the interest of 33 " at three per cent.—(Laughter)---that , aro and that which being paid in a bank-note may b a se OA money of account." I will only trouble the Hoa k p lta lf one more quotation : thelast definition with wh iaP i v esi trouble the House, of the standard of value a s old that period is this : " the standard is neither g as s silver, but something set up by the »u s s an d to be regulated by pubic oPinion e _(Laugh ter oilro was supposed at that time that the doctrines Prl bs ol l oor by the Bullion Committee were visionary which had never been acted on in the forraer, O h , tary history of the country. This, howa °s 6 not the case, as any one w ill percel l at ee4 will refer to the work s o f wr it ers o n th% - c asyd who flourished before the year 1797. Mr' William Petty, all those who wrote before I ,l le r ,, who had never been familiar with an unconvert es re s d currency, advocated the same principles thataviv_errie op t cated by the Bullion Committee. Mr. in t o at officer of the Mint, who wrote ab? hundred years since, said—" All countr i , s tsat fin established a certain standard of weight and e" a erl,j , their several species of coin. In England s a ted Asa ' quantity of fine silver is appointed to be the , 5 , 1 , 0 A / —he was writing at the time when 51 % the standard in England—" and all payn 3 e l- Oa; are reaulated by the course of exchang e d founded on the intrinsic value of the metal. al l os sf . ,"e ' the name." Thus this gentleman, who wre t i e , hundred years ago, laid down the true princip le sY Wr y ing the measure of value, as if in anticipation troversies of the present day. He said, " ID), baOt if we please, our denomination of value ; we will „arc; public faith if we like, but foreigners. ",,b - o ,l"iiti ample allowances for whateVer we may do n ',bee of and however we may rob and cheat one anna,as_.y will secure themselves, and make an arlaat ttb ir e r; distress by causing the exchanges to, tem, 10 1 l I us." That was written one hundred algt nyo ( I ° ,t!, ago, and in my opinion the passage I w' 0 0 r contains the whole true doctrine of de say t i! of value.—(Hear, hear.) I wish I could elementary principles were generally aceeP t f. o ei,' , r rf°: has ben my duty to read different publica_., ll am perfectly convinced that whilst there is ''',gfe e discussion of this question, there is nt,,ate of ri t rj as to what constitutes the standard of surely give proofs of their knowledge ° A vert Pa when they publish octavo volumes.----v- la jet laughter.) Here is a b oo k published, t b pl o w mingham—(Loud laughter)—and dated the s acs Iles 1844.—(Continued lau g hter.) I wish to &J u do Vie, parties, and therefore I say, that I realif, 130 0 6te r that in any other town than might in vain look for such a publicat io o ti,„ I. laughter.) And further I will say, that _ v s r o ' book was published I did not believe it o w l et tov oS power of any one man to write such a af prod so . , P ; sense.—(Cheers, and great laughter.) i -ue 01 0 tr o t : is genuine.—(Laughter.) It is becau se llo_,• r y sense as this is published, that s• te adS t ag; anxious the different principles e°, l3 l.as th:A should be thoroughly tested and understoou'otioa of such books as this laugh at the , a ,hich a il etc' l t o we are to have the standard of value now," co loa" o si three hundred years ago. They saY . t' a e vs ea 54,1 and mercantile transactions have so Inc' t :i s tirs what they were in the ti me of Elizabeth, 0: 0 0 5 4 great want of knowledge in maintaining th os e it i .04„ 6 1 it is. Why there would be just as much s . e o as ra l v tt e r c that, with our increased population, our var w l ii ieh , ) and the many new circumstances to ha f e beelP our position, that we now ought ocl t,O teen inches to a foot.—(Laughter t otio There is no more reason why you sb a cli , l , a tue a t a la the pound should be the standard 0 , pl i o should say that a foot should be a foot a? e s' o latito then it is said that it is a great injustlacoae. . a ers o t Bank to issue gold at 31. 17s. lOid. an 0 . 1 ; i , w t o il, oo the meaning- of their doing so ? Why' thl ev iet t ) less than this, that it was the relat". cs' .; If 5 JO bore to gold with respect to value. . 00 h oc te ' be made it will be found that the rel ati oet, t oe r,: e bears to silver is 15 and 2-13ths to 1- old 5t ece sr is said, why Csould not the Bank issue Lid of 51. the ounce—that is to say that 5/. snli t aet lent to 3/.175.100., but when you come it:o,7 o o4 . R ii i that an ounce of gold represents Ne e T atn . Y ri e c i' ts ceo t : e i t say he will not be bound by such a medial r thr ee ti eil t°t oa o raise the valueof the sovereign t shillings, but there will be no corresplirt: ()two° c h parts. 1' he present market value of.ff sa l ed i n the ~l e rt fee ts very little now to what was estabu ooti cf_, c '_. diti, 0 George the Third. Silver is 58. fP Old to esre 0:0 not ss. 2d., but the relative value o Th° eo cl, oo o very little from what it has _un ov , c ota, re ei to contend for a relaxation of the mirr o r the f r glieb rightly, that an abundance er _ va lue ‘' to a metals, though it would not alter e ace ou f races, yer4 r oo gold, yet it would have an d sup ' , . doubt, looking at the increase . t h e y joa tio do f t even 11 Russia and other places, that even 5 re n te a lt ei se they would r would act in favour of the debtor. 13 , :: o f g u e lci oi l tb o e f c aret ) : os t 0- fof contracts by adopting silver for to s erve le et pressure altogether . , g old n attic try "lver for on l is to as a lso a v eosv v g to ol t d alc e of coin, because it ehlets ° r ye a the purposes write pams commerce. And wise men and to se The s o c t o h n i s r i d d eorbajbeicetiaonn a is rticle is measure of value, while we have taken gold as .. our buli ee i lt o l i ' uld tea