The Sun. — London, England, 1839-08-28 00:00:00

EVEN IN G- tiLorrioN. MEETING OF THE BRITISH ASSO CIATION IN BIRMINGHAM. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) BIRMINGHAM, MONDAY EVENING. The town this morning presented a very animated appearance, and as the hour approached at which the Sectional Meetings were announced to commence, the various avenues leading to the reception room of King Edward's School were crowded by a large body of mem bers and other visitors. Although, from the cause to which I alluded in my last communication the number of strangers at present in town is limited compared with those who attended the preced ing meetings, still neither the interest nor the im portance of the proceedings will be much affected by this circumstance, as it is reasonable to conclude that those individuals who had papers to communicate are present, and that those who have been scared away from feelings of alarm, (for which there exists most happily not the slightest ground), comprised the large mass of mere visitors, who take no active part in the proceedings, and who contribute little to the scientific discoveries and inquiries which constitute the great ob ject of the meetings of the Association. At the Statistic Section Sir Charles Lemon, Bart., presided. The first document read was one contributed by the local Sub-committee, and contained information respecting the educational, medical, commercial, and economical statistics of the town. In reference to the state of education in the borough, the Committee re gretted that circumstances had not allowed them to avail themselves of the general return on this important and interesting subject, prepared for the Educational Statistical Society of Birmingham, by Mr. J. R. Wood, on the plan of his. valuable reports of Manchester, Liverpool, and other places. KING EDWARD'S SCHOOL.—The Committee re ported that the number of boys at the above great es tablishment in New-street is 444, of these are placed under the care of the Head Master, 38 ; Second Master, 44 ; Third Master, 44 ; Fourth Master, 51 ; Fifth Master, 62 ; First English Master, 91 ; Second English Master, 124. There are also lately erected, and rapidly coming into active operation, several branch schools in different parts of the borough, in which large numbers of the children of the lower middle classes will receive an excellent and useful English education. The revenues of the school, at first small, have im mensely increased by the enlargement of the town, and the consequent adaption of the land to the purpose of building leases. These leases are now rapidly termi nating. The present income is about 4,5001. per an num and in two or three years it will reach 10,0001. THE BLUE COAT SCHOOL.—This institution was founded in 1724, and was to give education and main tenance to a number of children of the poor in connec tion with the Church of England. At first it contained only 22 boys and 12 girls, and now the average number of children in the school has been 211. The present income amounts to 2,715/. annually. THE PROTESTANT DISSENTING CHARITY SCHOOL TN PARK-STREET.—It was founded in 1760 by the Unitarians. A new capacious and substantial building, in connection with this school, is being erected in Grattan•street. The annual expenditure is 5701. THE INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB.— This school was opened in 1814 with 7 boys and 8 girls, and has greatly increased. It is supported principally by subscriptions and benefactions, but partially by a small stipend paid annually by each child. The present numbers are 22 boys and 25 girls. THE LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS— Includes the Birmingham Philosophical Institution, the Literary and Philosophical Society belonging to that Institution, the Mechanics' Institute, and the Athenaeum. These are all similar in their great ob jects of promoting among their members the diffusion of knowledge in Literature, Science, the Arts, Natural History, Physics, &c. The number of members of the Philosophical Institution is about 400, of the Mecha nics' Institute 450, and of the Athenaeum 300. 'The Report next proceeded to give an account of the various Charity Trusts in the town, which had been supplied by Thomas Ryland, Esq., the Bailiff elect, and which did not contain any particular infor mation. The next return made was one respecting the number of inquests for the town, which had been supplied by the Coroner, J. W. Whateley, Esq., for the time he held that office—namely, from 1824 to 1888. The total number of inquests is 2,064. The average for the first five years is 117, and for the last five years 170. As the population has nearly doubled in that period, the gene ral ratio of inquests has been much reduced, although the more extended use of machinery has produced a proportionate increase in the number of accidental deaths, such cases averaging only 26 in the first, and 37 in the last five years. Of the whole number of deaths, 610, or nearly 30 per cent., originated in natural causes ; 475, or more than 20 per cent., were caused by burning ; 639, or about 30 per cent., from other accidents ; 16 per cent. were suicide's ; 17, or 8-4 per cent., were cases of murder ; and only three fel° de se. W. R. PORTER,. Esq., then rose, and read a paper relative to agriculture, in which the writer very clearly and satisfactorily shows the great and paramount ne• cessity of hiving established in a country like England some accurate means of ascertaining the amount of food annually grown in the country. He set forth the great evils which had ariien from the want of this knozvledge during the last few years, particularly in 1837, 1838, and 1839, when the most distressing conse quences had been felt by the industrious classes in par ticular. To remedy this, he proposed that agents be appointed in each parish. whose bi:siness it would be to supply meurate information respecting the annual quan tity of food grown in each parish. He calculated that the cost of procuring this information would not be more than 20,0001. or 30,0001. a year, and the advan tages would be so great that they would be more than an equivalent for the outlay. As yet there had not appeared any accurate calculations relative to the quantity of cultivated land, but frOm all he had read, he believed that if all the Lang which could be culti vated was made available, it would be sufficient to pro vide for double the number of persons at present in the country. Mr. Porter, in reference to the ad vantages of having systematic returns said : It seems necessary, therefore, to mention some, at least, of the benefits which must flow from the posses sion of accurate information upon this most vital subject, and which would impart a character of prudence to such an outlay. It is now well known that the harvest of 1837 was deficient to so great an extent that before the produce of 1838 was harvested, the great super abundance of the two preceding years was all consumed, and the stock of grain throughout the kingdom, whether in the hands of farmers or dealers, was more nearly ex hausted than we have known it to be at any other period lin modern times, so that if we could not hav e h a d re course to foreign wheat, then warehoused in our ports, vs e must have suffered most severely bcfore the produce of 1838 could have been brought to market ; so entirely, however, was the public misin formed upon the subject, that instead of a reasonable advance in price, sufficient to give warning of the fact, and so to check the consumption, which, as re gards the most costly grain, wheat, had, it is well known, long been going on with unwonted profusion, the market fell progressively, during the months of August, September, and October 1837, from 60s. Id. to .51s. per quarter ; and it was not until the middle of the following May that the weekly average was again as high as it had been immediately before the harvest of 1837. By the third week in August 1838 the weekly average price had advanced beyond the rate at which foreign wheat is admitted to consumption on payment of the nominal duty of one shilling per quarter. It could not be possible to calculate, with any tolerable accu racy, the loss which this country sustained through the want of information thus shown to have prevailed with regard to only one year's operations ; but we can have no hesitation in believing that its amount must have been at least sufficient, if employed at interest, to pro. vide in perpetuity for every expense that could accom pany the most complete organized machinery for col lecting agricultural statistics throughout the United Kingdom. If the very considerable purchases of foreign wheat which were suddenly made during the autumn of 1838, in almost every market of Europe, occasioning the prices to be drawn up to an exorbit ant t height h a d been made progressively and quietly without I exerting that spirit of speculation which has since been productive of serious losses to many of the importers, no one can d ou bt t h at t h e sav i n g would have been suf ficiently gre a t to h ave b orne ou t the assertion jut hazarded. Whether the quality of suddenness given t o the purchases in the autumn ma de of by us in Foreign corn-markets aggravation of the evil 8 may not have occasioned . an of the country have since been which the money dealings to which different opinions suffering, is a question as does not appear unreasonablemay boao b o e cei e v n e te th rt a a t in i e n d. lt pro portion as those purchases could been made to ap proximate to - the conditions of ordinaryve dealings, so would the derangements commercial 'eb they were calculated to occasion have been diminished, or, to speak more correctly, this would not have been experienced. for corn The gold which left our shores in will doubtless find its way back in exchange 1 f or goods, when time shall have admitted of the requisite adjust ment. , If time, that importa nt i ngredient in most human transactions, had been allowed to enter more largely at first into the conditions of our recent corn trade, that adjustment would, to some extent at least, have accom paniedlits progress. Our Corn-laws were intended, not as a mode for acquiring revenue, but wholly for regulation and - protection. It may not, therefore, be right to insist very s tr o ngly upon the sums which, under the circumstanc es just supposed, might have found their way to the Ex chequer from this revenue in 1838 beyond what were actually collected. It may, however, be interesting to state, that if the average rate of duty received upon the foreign wheat and wheat flour brought into con sumption in 1838, had been the same as was received upon that admitted in 1837, the Exchequer would have benefited by no less a sum than 2,156,5961. beyond the money actually received ; and one-fourth part of this sum, if employed at interest, would yield a revenue sufficient for making the requisite statistical inquiries concerning agriculture throughout the kingdom. Mr. THORNELY, M.P., considered the subject one I of great importance, and they could not but feel in debted to Mr. Porter for the very able manner in which he had brought it forward. The corn-mer chants took all the means they could to ascertain the real state of the foreign and home corn market ; but still they might be said to be working in the ark. They could not tell the quantity of ground sow and the produce, and hence they often speculated upon wrong calculations. He considered the subject one of the greatest importance, and should be most happy to promote any plan which would have the effect of enabling them to guard against th ose alarming conse quences resulting from a defective knowledge of the real state of their agricultural produce. He most sincerely hoped the suggestion thrown out by I\lr. Porter would be acted upon, and •that they should be able to ascer tain the quantity of food produced in the kingdom. It had occurred to him that the important information required by Mr. Porter could be procured through the medium of the officers of Excise. Mr. PORTER. did not think it possible to obtain the information through that channel. The Excise officers were by some considered rather objectionable, and he feared the people would not give them the necessary information. The CHAIRMAN was of opinion that the money that would be annually necessary to procure the information would exceed the sum stated by Mr. Porter. It would only amount to two pound; each parish, and that would not be sufficient to pay any officer who might obtain the returns. Mr. SLANEY, M. P., did not think the money could be obtained from Government. If they considered how little Government had done in the way of procuring statistical information be feared they had little to hope for from that quarter. He feared they could not get the subject made one of inquiry. But it appeared to him it would not be a matter of extreme difficulty to arrive at the required information, if gentlemen who were interested in the subject would proceed about it in earnest. He thought a certain number of gentlemen in their respective parishes could obtain sufficient infor mation respecting the quantity of corn sown, and the product, so as to enable them to make such a return as would enable that or any other Society interested in the subject to arrive at a very fair calculation. He agreed with his Hon. Friend that it was a subject of grave im portance. - - _ Several other gentlemen expressed themselves in warm terms of approbation of some system, by which the agricultural produce of the country could be ascer tained, in order to enable the country to guard against the consequences of deficient harvests. A Gentleman, whose name we could not learn, said the meeting might rest assured that the subject would be brought before Parliament, and a Bill introduced that would have the desired effect. A Report on the condition of the population in three parishes in Rutlandshire was then laid before the Asso ciation, from which it appeared that the average weekly wages of the heads of families amount to from 9s. 7d. to 10s. Bd. in these parishes. The report concluded by saying,"Wemay observe that the visitation of the houses of the labouring poor in Rutlandshire, and the observa tions of their language, manners, and habits, leave a fa vourable impression of their moral condition. Swearing and drunkenness are far from common, and the general conduct of the people is marked by sobriety, frugality, and industry. Their education has been limited, nor has their intelligence been highly developed, and though few dwellings were found without books, yet these were far from being numerous or well selected." At three o'clock the Section broke up. SECTION G.—MECHANICAL SCIENCE.-Dr. Lardner i❑ the chair. Mr. Hawkins read a paper on paving roads and streets with blocks of wood placed upwards. This plan has been highly spoken of for goodness and durability by many travellers who have seen such road ways abroad ; but although seven patents have been taken out in England in little more than a year past, much remains to be understood on the subject, the two present specimens in London, in Oxford-street and the Old Bailey, being very imperfect. The writer had observed for some years the wooden pavements in Vienna, where the road is very perfect and durable, and gave it as his opinion that, were such introduced into England, they would be found far more durable than those made from any other material ; and he was strengthened in his high estimate of it, value by the testimony of one gentleman, who saw a stone of near twenty tons weight drawn over a piece of pavement in Vienna. The criteria to be attended to were—l. That the wood be chosen from the heart of sound trees without a particle of sap ; 2. That the blocks which are' to be laid contiguously, be cut to an exact gauge, see as to fit closely and evenly together ; 3. That the depth of the blocks be at least once and a half of the breadth, a firm lateral support being found necessary to stability, the hexagonal form being also the most preferable ; 4. That the blocks be laid upon a bed firmly made with gravel, shingle, hard rubbish, or other material ; 5. That a thin layer of only half an inch of fine gravel be spread evenly over the rammed and levelled surface of the bed at the time of laying the blocks ; and that the blocks should be cut from dry wood and used soon after, lest their figure varied by warping. If these con siderations were attended to, there was little doubt but that roads of this material would be found prefer. able to any other for the purposes of draught. Dr. LARDNER described an ingenious contrivance which he had employed for detecting inaccuracies on lines of rails. He employed a truck of two wheels, over which was a vertical rod of steel, with two limbs of glass standing at right angles at the end. Into this was introduced quicksilver, so that the instrument was in fact a mercurial level, which was properly adjusted ; when done so, there was introduced a piston to which was attached a pencil, and in drawing it along the line considerable oscillation was produced ; this, which was steady, marked the curve, and the piston floating on the level, the pencil-mark denoted the curve, the perpen dicular ordination of which gave the variation, which had often been found from three to five inches. The accuracy of the instrument had been carefully tested, and it was very simple and easily applied. SECTION B.—CIIEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY,-.- Professor Graham in the chair. The President opened the business of the section by remarking on the late improvements in Chemical Science during the pest year, the most important of which was the law of sub stitution by Dumas, as shown in the action of chlorine on alcohol and other substances, as in chloro-acetic acid, where chlorine substitutes oxygen. The following were the communications :—l. Mr. Gossage, of Bir mingham, on some discoveries in the manufacture of soda, and particularly in the reduction of sulphur from the soda waste. 2. Professor Hare, on the prepara tion of the metallic bases of earths, in the reduction of calcium, bariur.-., and strontium, from the chlorides. This he effected by the aid of refrigeration and gal vanism, separating the mercury from the amalgam which is formed by exposing it to a considerable heat. 3. Mr. Mallett, of Dublin, made a report upon some experiments which he has made by the direction of a Committee of the Association, on the effects of water upon iron. 4. A communication from Dr. Boswell Reid, of Edinburgh, accompanyinc , an instrument which by mechanical arrangement showed the composition of different substances, but which to scientific chemists is a mere toy Mr. Couthorpe explained an improved method of graduating glass tubes, for medical and other purposes, which was very ingenious, and likely to prove of great service to the chemist. Dr. Mackie read a paper on two oils contained in South American barks, which are easily decomposed by the mineral acids, which renders them of a blood-red colour ; each of them has an aromatic smell, and an acrid pungent taste. SECTION A.—MATIIEMATICS AND PHYSICS.—The following reports of the progress of the grants made at Newcastle were read by Professor Steveley :-1. The reduction of the stars of La Caille in the southern hemisphere, by Sir John Herschell, to which 2001. was awarded, and in which some progress had been made. 2. The Report of a Committee, consisting of Sir John Herschell, Mr. Bailey, and Professor Whewell, on the revision of the nomenclature of the stars. 3. The enlargement of the catalogue of stars for the Royal Astronomical Society, in which some progress had been made, but without incurring any expense. 4. The reduction of the Histoire Celeste, which grand work contains 50,000 stars, and of which 13,000 had been reduced at an expense of 1501. This was also under the superintendence of Mr. Bailey, and it was expected that the whole would be completed in the next year. A short report was read from Sir David Brewster, containing the result of hourly meteorological observa tions made at Edinburgh in 1838. The greatest de pression of the barometer was in 1838, and when the aurora borealis was very prevalent. On the 27th of November the barometer was as low as 27.2. Dr. Daubeney exhibited the rough model of a pholo meter by the agency of phologenic paper, which forms a very delicate register of solar intensity. The medium through which the light is transmitted is the ammonia sulphate of copper, and the paper being placed on a roller, is shifted every hour, when the intensity is marked by the shade of the paper. [We have received an account of the proceedings of the Association which took place yesterday, but must defer publishing them till to-morrow.] duty payable on i m p or t a tion is no less than 3s. per lb., but shape at present extensive fraud s , i n some : involved in FRAUDS IN THE TOBACCO T RADE.—The mystery, are carr i e d on i n t h e t ra de ; and we have no • doubt t h at discoveries will shortly be made of an astonish ing character. We understand that tobacco may be pur chased a t a pr i ce amounting to little, if any, above the import duty i n t h e leaf —allowing nothing for either th e expense of manu f acturing or the dealer's profit ; an d th e consequence is, that to secure the general support of his customers, the honest trader is compelled to sell at an ac tual loss. We can state, from our own personal know ledge, that some of the mast respectable traders in this town are buying the ar.icle at 3 s . 11d., and selling i t at 3s. 10d. per lb., in order to protect themselves, by this sacrifice, against the consequences of the fraud., to v.hicis we have alluded.— Warwick Advertiser. REPORT FROM THE COMMITTEE ON THE MANCHESTER AND BIRMING• HAM EXTENSION RAILWAY (STONE AND RUGBY) BILL. Mr. Mildmay reported from the Committee on the Manchester and Birmingham Extension Railway Bill, that they had inquired into the several matters required by the Standing Orders relative to Railway Bills, and had agreed to the following Report First. That the Company are not authorized to raise by loan or mortgage a larger sum than one-third of their capital, and that until fifty per cent. on the whole of the capital be paid up, it is not in the power of the Com pany to raise any money by loan or mortgage. Second. That the Railway will not cross any turn pike-road, or other public carriage way, on the level. Third. That the proposed capital of the Company is 1,204,0001. The amount of loans the Company are empowered to raise is 401,3331. The amount of shares subscribed for is 1,001,0001. The deposits paid thereon are 100,0001. The names and places of residence of the Directors or Provisional Committee, with the amount of shares taken by each, appear in the Appendix hereunto an nexed, marked (A). The number of shareholders who may be considered as having a local interest in the line is 125, and the amount of capital subscribed by them is 575,750/. The number of other parties is 136, and the capital taken by them is 425,2501. The number of persons sub scribing for 2,000/. and upwards is 123, and their names, residences, and the amount for which they have seve rally subscribed, are stated in the Appendix hereunto annexed, marked (B). Fourth. That the present means of conveyance and communication between the proposed termini are insuf ficient for agricultural, commercial, manufacturing, or other purposes. With reference to the passenger traffic it appeared to the Committee, that prior to the opening of the existing Railways, the extent of that traffic was usually ascer. tained, for Parliamentary purposes, by assuming an average number of passengers as travelling by every coach specified in the Stamp-office returns. Since the opening of those Railways the principal coaches have been taken from the road, and, from the mode of book ing passengers by the Railways, it also appeared that the number of persons at present travelling by Railway between Manchester and London, and places interme diate, cannot be ascertained. The promoters have therefore furnished evidence of the traffic by coaches for the year ending April, 1837, the Grand Junction Railway having been opened to the public in July of that year. From this evidence, and without taking credit for any increase, a calculation of the amount of present passenger traffic is stated in Ap pendix (C). Fifth. That the number of passengers, and the weight and description of goods expected upon the proposed Railway, are stated in appendix (D). The usual mode of computation has been to double the passengers travelling by coaches, post .and private conveyance ; but the promoters have trebled the pas sengers travelling by the road coaches in 1837, and have taken the number of those then travelling by that route by post and private conveyance without assuming any increase in respect of the Railway. With regard to goods, the proportions assumed are : General Merchandize Two-thirds. Corn One-half. Minerals One-third. It should be stated that the promoters have no taken credit for any of the traffic from Chester, and parts beyond Chester ; but it appears to the Com mittee that a large proportion of that traffic will be likely to pass upon this Railway. Sixth. That the amount of income expected to arise from the conveyance of passengers and goods, and in what proportion, and generally the description of goods from which the largest revenue is anticipated, appear in the Appendix (E). Seventh. That the proposed Railway is a com plete and integral line between the termini specified, and is not a part of a more extended plan now in con templation, and likely to be hereafter submitted to Parliament. Eighth. That so far as the proposed Railway affords a communication between the towns of Stone, Rugeley, Lichfield, Tamworth, Atherstone, and Nuneaton, and between all those places and Manchester to the North, and between the same places (except Tamworth) and London to the South, there is no competing line of Railroad existing, in progress, or contemplation ; but so far as the same affords a communication between Tamworth and London, the Birmingham and Derby and London and Birmingham Railways may be said to constitute together a competing line now existing ; and so far as the proposed Railway, in conjunction with the Manchester and Birmingham and London and Bir mingham Railways, affords a communication between Manchester and the various towns and places north of Stone and London, the Grand Junction Railway be tween Stone and Birmingham, and the London and Birmingham Railway between Birmingham and Rugby, may be said to constitute together a competing line in existence ; but that proposed Railway is superior to such competing lines, being shorter in point of distance and better in point of gradients. That so fit as the proposed Railway, in conjunction with the Birmingham and Derby Railway, affords a communication between Derby and other parts to the eastward, and the Potteries, Manchester, Liverpool, and Chester, there is no competing line of Railway ex isting, in progress, or in contemplation. Ninth. That there are no planes on the Railway proposed to be worked by assistant engines. Tenth. That there are no peculiar engineering diffi culties in the proposed line. Eleventh. That there are no tunnels. Twelfth. That the gradients and curves are generally favourable, the steepest gradient being sixteen feet a mile, and that only for a distance of one mile and a half at a station, and that the smallest radius of a curve (also at a station) is three quarters of a mile. Thirteenth. That the length of the main line of Railway is fifty-four miles and sixty-seven chains, and of the branch is seven miles and fifty-six chains. Fourteenth. That the fitness of the proposed Rail way, in an engineering point of view, appears to be un usually great. Fifteenth. That it is not intended that the proposed Railway should pass on a level any turnpike road or highway. Sixteenth. That the amount of the estimate of the costs and expenses to be incurred up to the time of the completion of the Railway, is 1,158,6831., and this esti mate appears to be supported by evidence, and to be fully adequate for the purpose. Seventeen. That the estimated charge of the annual expenses of the Railway and works, when completed, is one-third of the gross receipts, and the calculations on which this charge is estimated have been sufficiently proved. • Eighteenth. That the calculations adduced in evi dence have satisfactorily established that the revenue, after making all reasonable deductions, is likely to be sufficient to support the annual charges of the main tenance of the Railway, and still allow profit to the pro prietors. Nineteenth. The number of assents, dissents, and neuters, and the length and amount of property belong ing to each class traversed by the Railway, distinguish iv,'' owners from occupiers, are shown in appendix (F). Twentieth. That the engineers examined in support of the Bill were—George Parker Bidder, John Cass Birkinshaw, and John Dixon ; and those examined in opposition to it—Joseph Lock, John Urpeth Rastrick, and John Vignoles. Twenty-first. The following petitions were referred to the Committee :—The several petitions of Sophia Place, of Waddington, in the county of Warwick, widow; Sir Charles Wolseley, Bart. ; and Sir George Chet wynd, Bart. ; John George Norbury, of Mancetter House .in the county of Warwick, Esq. ; the Rev. James Roberts, of Wetherley, in the county of Leices ter, Clerk ; the Hon. F. G. Howard, of Elford-hall, and others ; the Right Hon. the Earl of Harrowby ; John Baggaley, of Alrewas-cottage, in the county of Stafford, Gentleman ; Elizabeth Sparrow, of Bishton-hall, in the county of Stafford, widow; and James Oldham Oldham, of Bellanaore-hall, in the same county, Esq., respec tic ely, owners of mansions, land, and property on and near the line of the proposed Railway, com plaining of the injurious crossing of their several lands and properties by the line ; and contending that no public necessity existed for the measure commensu rate with the damage it would do to private pro perty ; that its object was- solely to save a distance of twelve miles and a half between Manchester and Lon don—the route already established via Birmingham, the Grand Junction Railway and the Manchester and Birmingham Railway giving, as they maintained, ampl e means of communication ; and that as for the Alrewas branch also sought to be established by this Bill, as a means of communication between Manchester and Derby and the Eastern Counties, that such communi cation would be far more profitably obtained by a line of Railway between Derby and Manchester along the Chernet Valley, and which they said was in contempla tion, but for which no notices were given or plans deposited, and the merits of which the Committee con sequently declined to enter upon. All these petitions were severally considered by the Committee, and Counsel heard and witnesses examined in support of them. The opposition of Mr. Norbury was withdrawn. The.petitions of the London and Birmingham and Grand Junction Railway Companies stated the sufficiency of those Railways for all the purposes contemplated by the Bill—the non-necessity of the proposed measure — the very trifling saving of time that would be effected by it—the insufficiency of the traffic on the line to sup port two Railways—the impolicy of making the public pay for the support of two lines where one would suffice, and the injustice of sanctioning a parallel line for ef fecting the same objects for which their Railways were established, before their insufficiency has been shown, or the proprietors have derived a fair return for the outlay I and risk they have incurred : the Committee decided THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 28, 1639 that the petitioners could not be heard as parties before th eCommittee. The petition of the Minister, Churchwardens, and Overseers of the poor of the parish of Colton, in the county of Stafford, stated that the Liverpool and B►r mingham, and Birmingham and London Railroads had given much dissatisfaction to the public, and had ruined many innkeepers, tradesmen, and others in small towns, and that the present measure is inexpedient ; but no person appeared in support of the petition. The petition of the Company of Proprietors of the Birmingham Canal Navigation stated that the line of the intended Railway would interfere prejudicially with their Canal, and clauses for their protection have been inserted in the Biil. The petition of the Company of Proprietors of the Navigation from the Trent to the Mersey, stated that the Railway would injure the petitioners by interrupting the free use of the navigation. The petitioners were heard by counsel and witnesses. The petition of the Midland Counties Railway Com pany stated that the proposed Railway would establish a competition with their Railway for part of their traffic. The petition was referred to the Committee who decided that the petitioners could not be heard as parties before the Committee. A second petition was subsequently presented from the same Company, praying the Committee to insert a clause to prevent the Stone and Rugby Railway Com pany from opening, for the purposes of traffic, that part of their line only which lies between Rugby and the point where it meets the Birmingham and Derby Rail way. The Committee had considerable doubts whether, according to the ninth resolution of the House, of the 22d of April last, they could receive this petition ; but as no one appeared in support of it, in consequence of the promoters being willing to insert the clause as re quired, the Committee did not consider it necessary to entertain that question, The petition of six shareholders of the Company, which complained of a proviso proposed to be inserted in Committee enabling the directors of the Company to agree with the Manchester and Birmingham Railway Company to apply to Parliament for power to consolidate the two Companies. The petitioners express their great aversion to any such provi,ion. Mr. Burke was heard as agent on behalf of this petition, and the Committee decided upon retaining the proviso in the Bill. Twenty-second. Your Committee further report, that the present Bill was brought under the consideration of the House at a very early period of the Session, namely, the 11th day of February, and that the petition for the Bill having been referred to the Committee on petitions was there opposed on various grounds, from the 22d day of February to the 26th day of March, the Committee sitting upon the petition for twenty•two days. That leave having been obtained to proceed with the Bill, it was on the 14th day of May referred to this Committee ; that the inquiry before your Com mittee has occupied sixty-one days, during which forty five persons have been examined as witnesses in support of or against the Bill. That the inquiry having been thus unusually pro tracted, your Committee recommend, in case the late period of the Session at which their labours have ter minated should render it impossible to submit the Bill to the consideration of the other branch of the Legis lature in the present Session, that every facility should be afforded to the promoters of the Bill in a future Session which the rules of the House will admit of. Mr. Mildmay further reported that, in pursuance of the Order of the House of the 24th day of April last, the Committee have examined and found that such Order has been complied with, and that provision is made in the Bill accordingly ; and that they had ex amined the allegations of the Bill and found the same to be true, and had gone through the Bill and made several amendments thereunto. 'TO JOSEPH STURGE, ESQ. MY RESPECTED FRIEND —I know you too well to think it necessary to ask your permission to address you thus publicly on a subject of the deepest interest to the cause of humanity. To come to the matt er at once , I here insert a notice of two motions which I intend to bring before the House of Commons at the earliest pe riod of the ensuing Session : " 1. That it is the opinion of this House, that her Majesty's Ministers ought not to advise her Majesty to recognise the independence, as a State, of th e p ersons located on part of the territories of the Republic of Mexico, with which Republic we are in alliance, and who have called themselves the State of Texas, unless with the assent of the said Republic of Mexico ; and also unless such alleged State of Texas shall make the abolition of negro slavery a fundamental law, and also consent that the Slave-trade shall be deemed and treated as piracy." "2. That an Address be presented to he Majesty, humbly praying that she may be pleased to give direc tions to her Ministers to endeavour to make such an arrangement with the Government of Mexico as would place at their disposal such a portion of the unoccupied territory of that Republic, on or near its northern boun dary, as should be sufficient for the purpose of establish. ing an asylum or free State of persons of colonr, her Majesty's subjects, whe may be desirous to emigrate to and establish such free State." In order to succeed, it will be necessary that I should obtain as much of the support of the opponents of negro slavery as possible. The public attention must be roused upon these subjects ; for it is clear that we shall have thrown away i n pur e waste muc h l a b our , great exertions, and twenty millions of the public money, un less adequate measures are taken by this country to prevent the formation of the new slavery States ; and, at the same time, to prevent the incalculable qu entity of human misery, and the terrific s l aug ht e r of human beings, which must ensue from our permitting any other slavery State to raiseits head upon the earth. Look to 'Texas. The gang of land pirates who have settled themselves on the Mexican territory actually m;lke negro slavery the basis of their association, and propose to take away from their intended Legislature the power of abolishing do mest i c s l avery. T h i s i s i n itself sufficiently horrible ; but it is infinitely more atro cious in its necessary consequences. For if we permit . the Texians to succeed their odious scheme, there is room for forming--and in the United States there is abundant disposition to form three or four more slave states in the unoccupied lands between the peopled part of Mexico, and the line of territory which the United States claim for themselves. Reflect, my esteemed friend,—d o reflect, in the pre sence of the God of humanity —upon the horrors, the crimes, the atrocities, which must be perpetrated by the creation of these new slave-holding States. Reflect on the quantity of sin and guilt of every kind that must be perpetrated upon the one hand by the slave-breeders of Virginia, and the other slave-breeding States of the North American Udion ; and, upon the other band, only think of the indescribable scenes of cruelty that must be perpetrated in Africa, and in the carrying home of new slaves for the purposes of the Texians, and the other white monsters of these intended new slavery States ! Of what avail is the generous and noble humanity of the British people ? It is in vain, and worse than in vain, that so many years of toil, of literary exertion, of dauntlegs opposition to interested tyranny, and of per severing maintenance of the cause of humanity—it is, I say, in vain, and worse than in vain, that all these efforts have been made to rescue human nature from the blood-guiltiness of negro slavery. All these exertions, and our twenty millions, are thrown away to the idle winds! Fowell Bux ton, the first and greatest of living opponents to slavery, has demonstrated that the slave trade has augmen;ed enormously in amount, and still more fright fully in the cruelty and slaughter it produces ; and that this augmentation has taken place in consequence of the emancipation of the slaves in the British colonies. This is the result of all our pains and all our money! We gave twenty millions as the purchase-money of huma nity, and the result is—a greater accumulation of still more atrocious cruelty. My esteemed friend, if we stop where we are, Great Britain will be the laughing-stock of the world. Twenty millions, to purchase liberty and humanity, is a cheap bargain ; but twenty millions of sterling money, to purchase cruelty, barbarity, and human blood, is the worst speculation that ever was made since the sun first shone upon the earth ! Be up, then, and stirring. Call together the friends of humanity. Assemble the apostles of benevolence Let the English people doom to impeachment any Minister that shall dare to recognise Texas, or any other slave holding State. Such a Ministry would actually be participators in all the guilt of the perpetrators of the increased slave trade, both internal and foreign. But let us not confine our efforts to mere threaten ings, or to the expression of sentiments, however deci ded or animated. Let us counteract the machinations of the enemies of humanity. MY plan is this—to follow the example set by the Australian and New Zealand Societies, get together a number of th e f r i en d s o f humanity who will come for ward and subscribe a sufficient capital, to form, upon the New Zealand plan, a society sufficiently extensive to constitute a new colony or state, either subject di rectly to the British Crown, or, at all events, under the protection of the British flag ; so as to obtain a rallying point for all free persons of colour who may choose to give their labour for such wages as may enable them to become purchasers of the soil. For the present, I need not enter into details ; the plan of th e S out h Austra li an a nd New Zealand Socie ties will enable you and the other friends of humanity, to work o u t my system into practical effect. With this view, a commu n ication should be had , as speedily as possible, with t h e M ex i c an Government. It is so cn tirely the interest of the Mexicans to form a colony of free persons of colour between them and the North Americans, that I s h o uld presume that they will very readily enter into our plan. This colony should be, as much as possible, interposed between the Texians and the sea. It would be a place of refuge for the free men of colour of the United St a tcF,. who are'n;)tur :Hy I enough di sguste d ,_with the paltry injustice of being called " free," while they are deprived of all the practical rights of freemen. In short, I think it will strike your mind, as it does mine, that thousands upon thousands of advantages would be de rived from the existence of such a colony as I contem plate. But no time should be lost in laying the foun dation of a society to form that colony. If requisite, an in telligent agent should be sent at once to Mexico. I have formed a very high opinion of Santa Anna, and I think he would at once see the great advantages to the Mex ican Republic of having an establishment of free men of colour, intervening, as it were, between Mexico and the United States. At all events, even should Santa Anna not be in power, it is impossible that any Government in Mexico should be blind to the multitudinous advantages which a wise colonization of free men of colour would necessarily confer upon the Mexican States. Allow me, then, my excellent friend, to conjure you to reflect deeply upon the suggestions that I thus make. Should you see the subject in the same point of view that I do, I know you will at once begin to act. You have already been a benefactor to the human race ; and if you succeed in preventing new slavery States, and, above all, if you succeed in establishing, in a genial cli mate, a colony or state where free men of colour will be on a perfect equality with the white people, you will have formed a basis on which can be constructed the entire emancipation, all over the world, of the hitherto neglected and oppressed black population. I have the honour to be, very faithfully, Your sincere friend, DANIEL O'CONNELL. 16, Pall Mall, August 26, 1839. CONSERVATIVE MEETING AT THE SUN HOTEL, CAMBRIDGE. Last evening the electors in the Conservative interest assembled at the Sun Hotel, to hear Mr. Manners Sut ton explain his views of the present position of affairs. At 7 o'clock the Hon. Gentleman, amidst cheering, en tered the room, accompanied by his friends, and, for the season of the year, an unusual number of :undergra duates. After a 'short interval, Mr. F. D. BARKER proposed that Mr. PEMBERTON (who is Clerk of the Peace for the county) should take the chair, which after some hesitation that gentleman agreed to do. He (Mr. Pemberton) begged to express his warmest thanks to the Hon. Gentleman in coming forward to defeat what he must consider the unhand some conduct of their opponents ; for he must say that steps had not been fully and fairly taken on the other side in introducing a candidate to the town. After expressing his disappointment that the opposite party, having returned two Whig Members for several years, should not allow them a share in the representation, he begged to introduce to them a Conservative candidate. Mr. M. SUTTON then addressed the meeting at some length—complained of the wickedness of certain parties in the borough, who wished to monopolise the repre sentation, and not allow the Conservatives even the slightest share—and then proceeded to explain his views of three great agitated questions, the Corn-laws, the Ballot, and National Education. And what that ex planation was, our readers may guess with sufficient ac curacy. It would be needless. therefore, to inflict upon them his speech. Among other things, he stated that he had responded to the call of 300 voters, and that 800 votes had been promised to his opponent—a considerable difference. THE CHARTISTS AT WATFORD (FROM A CORRESPONDENT.) It would appe ir that since the strong arm of the law has interposed to prevent any public demonstration in favour of the People's Charter, as it is styled, that very active secret proceedings have been adopted to inflame the minds of the lower orders in most of the principal towns of the rural districts, with a view to induce them to persevere in agitating in favour of the Charter. A few evenings ago a man came into the town of Watford, and proceeded to distribute handbills to all the public-houses and beer shops. They were headed " Revolution for ever," and contained language of the most inflammatory description, calling upon the working people to arm and resist these tyrants, &c. The man had succeeded in distributing these placards all over the town before the authorities were aware of the nature of them ; but when this had been ascertain d, Mr. Neale, the High Constable, im mediately went in pursuit of the individual in question, with a view to arrest him, but he had left the town. Since this period the working men of the town have been called upon, by circulars and otherwise, to come forward and farm an Association in support of the Charter. The respectable inhabitants and tradesmen of the town, however, took prompt measures to nip the proceeding in the bud, and the latter gave notice to their workmen and all the people employed by them, that if they suffered themselves to be led away by the mischievous proceedings of a few designing knaves, they would immediately dismiss them from their employment. This had the effect of preventing a great number from taking any steps in support of the Charter ; but a great many others were foolish enough to be led away and induced to attend meetings at dif ... forent public houses in the town. These meetings were, however, held very secretly, as notice was given to all the innkeepers that such meetings were illegal, and that their licenses would be forfeited if they suffered them to take place in their houses. There is very little doubt but that the vigorous steps that have been taken by the authorities will effectually prevent any mis chief in this neighbourhood. Proceedings of a similar de scription were attempted at Croydon very recently. One of the " Delegates" arrived there, and gave notice of his inten:ion 'to have a meeting for the purpose of ex pounding the principles of the Charter. The Superin tendent of the Croydon police, however, immediately went to him, and told him he should be present at the meeting, and that if any violent or seditious language was made use of, he would take the speaker directly into custody. In consequence of this intimation the meeting was abandoned, and the " Delegate" walked out of the town the same day. and the Charter has ❑ot since been heard of at Croydon. OYSTER FISHERIES. A Bill to carry into effect a Convention between her Majesty and the King of the French relative to the Fisheries on the Coasts of the British Islands and of France. [Note. —Tile words printed in italics are proposed to be inserted in the Committee.] Whereas a Convention was concluded between Her Majesty and the King of the French on the Second day of August, 1839, defining the limits of the oyster fishery between the island of Jersey and the neighbour ing coast of France, and also defining the limits of the exclusive right of fishery on all other parts of the coast of the British Islands and France ; and whereas by the 11th article of the said Convention, it is stipulated and agreed, that " with a view to prevent the collisions which now from time to time take place on the seas lying be tween the coasts of Great Britain and France, between the trawlers and the line and long net fishers of the two countries, the High Contracting Parties agree to ap point, within two months after the exchange of the rati fications of the present convention, a commission, con sisting of an equal number of individuals of each nation, who shall prepare a set of regulations for the guidance of the fishermen of the two countries in the seas above mentioned; the regulations so drawn up shall be sub mitted by the said Commissioners to the two Govern ments respectively for approval and confirmation ; and the High Contracting Parties engage to propose to the Legislature of their respective countries such measures as may be necessary for the purpose of carrying into effect the regulations which may be thus approved and confirmed ;" and whereas the regulations abovementioned may be agreed upon at a time when Parliament is not sitting, but it may nevertheless be expedient that her Majesty should be enabled to carry such regulations into effect without delay. Be it therefore enacted, by the Queen's Most Ex cellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords spiritual and temporal, and Commons, in the present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, that it shall be lawful for her Majesty, by and with the advice of her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, to issue, from time to time, such order or orders as may be necessary for carrying into effect any regulations which may be agreed upon by the British and French Commissioners to be appointed in conformity with the stipulations of the said llth ar ticle of the aforesaid treaty ; provided always that any such order or orders shall be published in the London Gazette, and shall be laid before Parliament within six weeks from the issuing thereof, if Parliament should then be sitting, or if Parliament should not then be sitting, within sir weeks from the meeting of the next en suing Session of Parliament. And be it enacted, that this Act shall continue in force fur six months after the commencement of the next Session of Parliament. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. MANSION-HOUSE. Yesterday a yourg man, a foreigner, of genteel figure and address, was brought before the LORD MAYOR, charged with having committed a variety of forgerieF. His name is believed to be Vanaz, but he has lived in London in the name of Frederick Frey. Mr. John James Siordet, a merchant, in St. Helen's place, stated that he had received from Basle a notice in the German language, of which the following is a copy : "NOTICE.—On the 31st of July last, this year, an in dividual of the name of Fr. Frey, presenting a letter of recommendation from the 130:Ird of the rreasury of the Canton of Thurgau ( Thuringia ), app li e d to the bank ing-house of Mr. John Mercan Forcazt, at this place, as the person appointed by the Chancery to make a journey to England under a commission of the Govern ment of Thurgau (Thuringia), and for this purpose de sired to negociate sever a l bill s of exchange for bills in London, in which he unfortunately succeeded. )n inquiries being made, it two; appears that the letter of recommendation, as well as the bills of exchange, were forgeries, and that the said firm of this place were defrauded to the amount of about 3,000 Swiss francs. " It is therefore requested that care may be take nto trace this person, whose description is given underneath, and in case of his discovery, to cause his apprehension, and transmission to this place. " DESCRIPTION.—Ferdinand Vanaz, son of Wines dorf, who has res ded at Frauerfeld, in the canton of Thuringia, is 25 years of age, about five feet six inches high, has black hair, eyes, and eye-brows, ordinary nose and mouth, pale countenance, and a thick neck. He probably wears a dark coat, striped trowsers, high cra vat, a shirt with wristbands down over the sleeves, and a low white straw hat. He has a false passport under the name of F. Frey. and granted by the. Government of the Canton of Thuringia, but which is not provided with the visa by any ambassador. In Basle t he wore small black mustachios, and bought here a fashionable gold watch, value about 140 French francs, and a gold chain with sm_tll square links, of the value Of :.— fivelonis-d'ors. He is sid to have been seen ram- bling at Mayence in his flight, where he pretended that he was travelling to London with an English family with whom he became acquainted in a steam-boat. " BASLE, AUG. 16, 1839.—The Directors of Police. —N.B. On the discovery and delivery of the defrauder, and of the sum fraudulently obtained, a premium of twenty louis d'ors is offered ; for the delivery of the offender with only a part of the money, a proportionate premium ; and for his delivery only, a reward of four louis d'ors." As soon as the intelligence arrived, Daniel Forrester, the officer, was employed, and the prisoner shortly after his arrival in London, where he in. tended to carry on extensive operations, was appre hended, and in his possession was found papers and do cuments which identified him with the guilty person. M. Prevot, Consul-General to the Swiss Govern ment in England, stated that a servant called at his house on Friday, and left a letter for him from the pri- sower, saying that he had a letter of introduction and credit for him from the Government of Switzerland. Witness appointed to see the prisoner between twelve and two on Saturday ; on the morning of Saturday he received a letter from a banker at Basle, enclos ing a letter from the Government, stating that Vanaz was travelling under an assumed name, and com mitting frauds ; that he had been in a Government office at Basle, and that he ran away, after having plundered that office. There were found upon the prisoner, be sides other papers, several Government stamps which he had taken from the Government, and two or three impressions of the stamp of the State seal. There was among the other charges against the prisoner, that of having presented to the Consul at Brussels a false let ter of credit for 5,000 francs, which, as the document was not confirmed by the Government, that Consul only paid 500, which the prisoner said was absolutely necessary he should have to defray his travelling ex penses. Next day it was discovered that the letter was fictitious. The prisoner had about him, when searched, another passport. The LORD MAYOR stated that he too had received information from the authorities at Basle, in conse quence of which he gave directions to Daniel and John Forrester. Daniel Forrester produced the papers and a gold watch, and some silver, which he found upon the per ion of the prisoner. Mr. Siordet said that the watch had been purchased with some of the money which the prisoner had got hold of at Basle. Mr. Wontner, who appeared for the prisoner, asked whether M. Prevot knew that the stamps were Govern ment stamps ? The Consul-General replied that he could not swear that they were, but he believed them to be genuine stamps of the Swiss Government. Mr. Wontner submitted that all the offences with which his client was charged, were perpetrated, if they were committed at all, out of the country, and there fore the case was away from the jurisdiction of the Chief Magistrate, or any other Magistrate in those dominions. The LORD MAYOR—I am decidedly of opinion that the prisoner committed an offence for which he is ame nable here, by presenting the fictitious letter of credit to the Consul-General. Mr. Wontner—There is no proof that the letter of credit so presented was fictitious. Any gentleman in travellinc , may be subjected to the same sort of suspicion and annoyance. The LORD MAYOR—I have received information that the prisoner has committed several forgeries abroad, and these accounts are confirmed by the evi dence I have heard. lam not one of those who, after having heard all I have heard touching the charges, would allow the man to escape. Mr. Wontner—Of what is he accused ? The LORD MAYOR—Of uttering a forged letter of credit. Mr.• Wontner—That is not mentioned in the statute. It is no offence. The LORD MAYOR—A forged letter of credit is a forged order for the payment of money, and is to all in tents and purposes a forgery. Daniel Forrester mentioned a case which had been tried by the Judges, on which occasion their Lordshi?s decided that the letter of credit was an order for the payment of money, and a conviction for forgery took place. He was himself employed in the case. The LORD MAYOR—I shall most certainly keep the prisoner, and have not the slightest doubt that the letter of credit on M. Prevot is a forgery. If lam to take the law from the lawyers, we shall have no such thing as the punishment of crime at all. His Lordship asked whether it was usual with the Government of the Swiss Cantons to give letters of credit ? M. Yrevot said it was not, and that the prisoner had not and could not have got any thing from him. Daniel Forrester produced a paper, on which there appeared to have been made several attempts to imitate the signatures of a person in authority at Basil. It was found in the prisoner's pocket. Robert Lewia Siordet, brother to the first witness, said that he could confirm his brother's statement, and that he had been present when Daniel Forrester searched the prisoner. It was stated that an unfortunate woman - of the town, whom the prisoner met in a house of ill.fame of Basle, and dressed out and brought to London with him, was outside, totally helpless ; that she could not speak a word of English, and was anxious to be sent back to Basle. Mr. Siordet said that the woman passed for the wile of the prisoner, and had about her a gold watch, which the prisoner had purchased with the money which he had received at Basic. It was determined that the watch should be disposed of, and that the young woman should be immediately sent back to Basle. The prisoner was then remanded for a fortnight. WORSHIP STREET. ALLEGED ROBBERY BY A CABMAN.-117m, Gardiner, a person of respectable exterior, who was described as a carver and gilder, was brought before Mr. CODD, the sitting Magistrate, under the following circumstances : It appeared from the statement of police constable Green, H, 139, that lie was on duty in Brick-lane, Spitalfields, at three o'clock that morning, when he saw the prisoner lying in the road with two or three persons round him, by whom he was informed that he (the pri soner) had just been pitched headlong out of a cab, the driver of which had driven off at full speed. Witness and two or three other policemen ran after the cab, which they saw proceeding at a rapid rate some distance before them, but the driver, on perceiving that he was pursued, lashed his horse furiously on, and was soon out of sight. The prisoner was conveyed to the station house in a state of stupor, on his partial recovery from which, he said that the cabman, before he threw him out, had robbed him of his watch, value ten guineas, together with his purse, which contained fifteen so vereigns. Mr. CODD put several questions to the prisoner, from his answers to which it appeared, that after spending the evening with some friends, he got into the cab in Farringdon-street for the purpose of being driven home, b.ut he was too much overpowered by the liquor he had taken to retain any clear recollec tion of the circumstances of his ill treatment, and all he knew was, that he had been robbed and grossly mal treated by the cabman. Mr. Conn said that he would not add to the severe punishment he had sustained through his indiscretion by imposing any penalty upon him. The worthy Ma gistrate directed the police to exert themselves for the purpose of finding- out the cabman. Sergeant Barker said he had obtained a clue which he thought would most likely lead to his apprehension. The prisoner was discharged. THE LATE ELECTION FOR. IPSWICH.—Had the el-ction depended upon the constituency created by the Reform Act, Mr. Gibson would have been our Mem ber by a majority of thirty-nine upon the number polled ; and it was only by the support of the least informed por tion of the old free burgesses that the election of the Tory candidate was effected. But under any circumstances, if we had the Ballot, the cause of Toryism in this borough would have received 113 death-blow ; for it is an in disputable fact that by far the larger proportion of the 191 neutrals were Reformers in opinion, and would have voted for Mr. Gibson, had they been protected from the foul influences which were so extensively in operation during the contest. It appears also that there were no less than 98 persons disfranchised merely on account of removals ! Now if Mr. Gibson's Electors Removal Bill," which passed the House of Commune, but was unceremoniously thrown out by the Lords, had been made law, as it ought to have been, every one of those 98 persons would have been entitled to re cord their votes. And we have not the least doubt that, under such auspicious circumstances, Mr. Gibson would have been triumphant by a majority of perhaps 100 o r 150, at the lowest computation. W e - do most sincerely hope that for the safety of the Liberal cause, for the sake of the country, and as the only means of saving us from the iron sway of a Tory Government, our legislators will see the necessity of adopting as their own propositions, the Ballot and the Electors Removal Bill. With such instrumen tality, th. suffrage would be extended, and all those im nrovernents which the people so anxiously desire, would c,irrii; t l fr,i•tvard ;`gird; in ne,or,i,inc: with thr sacred principles of " peace, law, and order."—lpswich Lspress. EVENING 14: DITI f, )IN.F FROM LAST rIGHT'S GAZETTE - - --- At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 26th day of Au gust 1839, present, the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in Council.—This day the Right Honourable Francis Thornhill Barinl was, by her Majesty's command, sworn of her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, and took his place at the Board accordingly. At the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 26th day of August, 1839, present, the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in Council. —Her Majesty acing been pleased to appoint the Most Noble George Granville Duke of Sutherland Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Salop, his Grace this day took the oaths appointed to be taken thereupon, instead of the oaths of allegiance and supremacy. WHITEH ALL, AUG. 26, 1839. The Queen has been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting to the Right Hon. Francis Thornhill Baring the Offices of Chancellor and Under Treasurer of her Majesty's Exchequer. WHITEHALL, AUG. 27. The Queen has been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland unto the Right Honourable Thomas Spring Rice, and the heirs male of his body lawfully bi.gotten, by the name, style, and title of Ba ron Monteagle, of Brandon, in the county of Sligo. DECLARATION OF INSOLVENCY. ROBERT CROOK, jun., itatiuner, Newton Abbot, De vonshire. BANKRUPTS. ALFRED LORD, surgeon, Trinidad-place, Islington, to surrender September 3, and October 8, at half-past twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Smith, Tokenhouse-yard ; Whit more, Basinghall-street, official assignee. JOSEPH MORRISON, fellmonger, Brandon-street, Wal worth, September 5, at one, and October 8, at two, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Tucker, Bank-chambers, Lothbury ; Cannan, Finsbury square, official assignee. SAMUEL TR NTT, tailor, Manchester-street, King's cross, September 4, at eleven, and October 8, at half-past eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Goddard, Wood-street, Cheapside ; Cannan, Finsbury -square, official assignee. GEORGE TR A TT, tailor, Charlton -street, Somers'-town, Sept. 4 and Oct. 8, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Whitmore, Basinghall-street, official assignee ; Goddard, Wood street, Cheapsitle. JOSEPH EDWARDS, victualler, Ashley-lane, Manches ter, September 13 and October 8, at eleven, at the Commis sioners'-rooms, Manchester. Taylor, Sharpe, Field, and Jackson, Bedford-row, London ; Stainbank and Burdett, Manchester. MARY SWEET, innkeeper, Taunton, Somersetshire, September 13 and October 8, at half-past nine, at the London lintel, Taunton. Barker and Rose, Mark-lane, London. WILLIAM - EL STO B, cabinet-maker, Houghton-le-Spring, Durham, September 20, at eleven, and ;October 8 at one, at the Barkrupt Commission-room, Newcastle-upon-Tvne. Thompson, Durham ; Nicholls anti Son, Cook's -court, Lin coln's- inn, London. JOHN WILSON, spring-knife manufacturer, Sheffield, September 6, and October 8, at twelve. Ryalls, Sheffield; Rodgers, Devonshire-square, Bishopsgate-street, London. JOSIAH LAWRENCE, watchmaker, Walworth-road, Surrey, September 11, at half-past twelve, and October 8, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Turquand, Copthall-build ings, official assignee ; Spyer, Broad-street-buildings. GEORGE SCARLETT, currier, Wednesbury, Stafford shire, September 16, and OctOber 8, at eleven, at the Swan Inn, Wolverhampton. Bicknell, Lincoln's-inn-fields ; Weaver, Stafford. KEARSE, tailor, Belgrave-place, Walworth road, September 10, at two, and October 8, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Turquand, Copthall-buildings; Davies, Leicester-square. SCOTCH SEQITES TRATION. BUTEMENI and YOUNG, ship-builders, Leith, Sept. 3, and,Sept 19, at twelve, at the Exchange Hotel, Leith. ROBERT MILLAR, merchant, Dundee, Sept. 2.. and Sept. 18, at one, at the British Hote , Dundee. DIVIDENDS. H. H. Hughes, linen-draper, Dudley, Worcestershire, Sept. 16, at ten, at the New Hotel, Wolverhatnpton, Staffordshire— W. Cook, timber merchant, Hereford, Sept. 19, at twelve, at the Green Dragon Inn, Hereford—A. Bell, merchant, New castle-upon-Tyne, Sept. 17, at twelve, at the Bankrupt Com mission-room, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. _ _ CERTIFICATES.—SEPT. 17. - J. 'Webster ar.d H. Brown, lace-manufacturers, Liverpool T. Tunniaiffe, lace-manufacturer, Leicester—J. Runcorn, cotton-spinner, Manchester. PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED. S. Whitehouse, S. D. Whitehouse, and M. A. Bennet ladies seminary, Petersburgh Cottage, Moscow-road, Bays water—G. Latham and T. Howarth, schoolmasters, Bolton-le- Moors, Lancashire—F. and C. A. Towsey, wine merchants, Henley-upon- Thames, Oxfordshire—l. Ward, J. Oates, and J. Marshall, machine makers, Dewsbury. Yorkshire—J. Grace and T. Simms, common carriers, \Vantage, Berkshire--D. Pritchard and S. Hall, coal masters, Berliridage Colliery, St. Martin, Salop—W. Pinder, J. Pinder, and G. Pinder, saw ma nufacturers, Sheffield—R. Darch and J. Graham, sawyers, Rotherhithe, Surrey —J. Batley and J. Sykes, woollen cloth manufacturers, Armitage, near Huddersfield. Yorkshire—Ed mund East and W. S. Rumsey, druggists, Garlick-hill, City—J. Jackson and G. Bedford, dyers, Leeds—W. Kaye and J. Cass, blacksmiths, Mirfield, Yorkshire—F. Rivett, W. Harmer, and T. Harmer, Manchester 'a arehousemen ' Norwich, (so far as regards W. Harmer)—J. B. Lister, T. Spencer, W. Smith, and J. Hill, Portland-street, Little Horton, Bradford, York shire (so far as regard- J. B. Lister)—G. Barker, S. F. Lafone, A. R. Lafolie, and T. W. Robins.in, merchants, Buenos Ayres-- D. Harris and T. Gregory, railroad contractors, Worth, Sus sex—T. and J. Holliday, wheel-wrights, Leeds—G. Bailey and T. Hague, file manufacturers, Sheffield—J., R., and J. Higgin , wine merchants, Salford, Lancashire (so far as regards J. Big gin)--M. Patterson and R. Young, surgeons, South Audley street—T. Molineux, R. Roihwell, and T. Holeroft, silk throwsters, Manchester—H. Cremer, R. E. Barnes, and J. T. Cremer, wine merchants. Lime-street, London (so far as re gards R. E. Barnes) —J. Grant, G. Ringer, W. Martin, and R. Tidswell, crape manufacturers, Foster-lace, London (so far as regards G. Ringer). THE CIVIL WAR IN SPAIN. An important document relative to the Spanish ques tion, and which will be made public in a few days, is an " interrogatory" (as it is called) of General Maroto, when he was in France, i❑ 1836. He was questioned by General Harispe, as to the best means of putting an end to the civil war : " French intervention," said Maroto, "is the only means of terminating the civil war, militarily a nd morally. The question has two considerations—one that of Don Carlos, the other that of the insurrection. As to Don Carlos, he is nothing. The pro vinces see clearly a-head, that Don Carlos is an longer a means in the face of the rest of Spain. Not withstanding all the lies told. all see tEat for three years his cause has not made a step in advance. Even the clergy have not stirred, in despite of assassination and persecution. The rest of the nation thus will not declare itself. Nor would the Basques have taken any part had they known what Don Carlos was, and what his spirit of bigotry, fanaticism, and weakness. The provinces are more en lightened than other parts, and once they reject him all will reject him. The population is worn out, morally and in substance. Intervention would be a providence for them. Proprietors are numerous in the provinces occupying elective situations. The peasantry a r e h e ld i n obedience by having their sons in Don Carlos's ranks. All the chiefs, especially the most reasonable, such as Villareal, La Torre, and Campillo, see the powerlessness of Don Carlos, as a miiitary chief ; but declare they will never lay down their arms before the Christino soldiers ; but would in one instant, before an amnesty and in tervention. The population is now only kept true to the insurrection by the army, and the army only by its chiefs. In Alava all depends on Villareal ; in Biscay all depends on La Torre. In Guipuscoa there is no enthusiasm since the death of Segristibelza. The chiefs hold out but through honour ; and they would disappear when foreigners intervene. As to Don Carlos, be would willingly give himself up on receiving personal guarantees. If the French army on the frontier showed itself merely ready to enter, *and woul d issue a manifesto declaring - for the rights of Isabella, but determined to interfere between both parties and stop further effusion of blood, guaranteeing an am nesty and the Fueros, under necessary modifications, to be considered in a Congress—the Christino or consti tutional army, not to occupay Biscay for a certain tune, say five years—after such a manifesto, the French troops entering would meet with nothing save benedictions."--- Morning Chronicle. SHEFFIELD PLATED WINE COOLERS, A. B. SAVORY and SONS, Manufacturing Silversmiths , 14, Cornhill, London (opposite the Bank of England), have for choice in their warerooms a Selection of PLAIN and °RNA^ MENTAL ICE PAILS, to which they wish to direct attention. The price of the Plain Tub-pail (now much in use), 81. 103. the pair ; the Classic Vase (very neat), 101. Bs. the pair; th e Victoria Pattern, 15/. the pair ; the Dresden Cooler, 191. the pair, &c., all of whic.. are strongly mounted with Silver, and have Silver Shields for Engraving the Crest or Coat of Arms. A pamphlet is published, with drawings of the above and other articles of plate generally, which may be had on applica tion, free of cost. PATENT LEVER WA TCHE With silver double bottom cases £6 6 " With silver hunting cases This celebrated co ns t ruct i on ( t h e most accurate on w hich a watch can be made) is now offerei, with the latest improve ments i. e. the detached escapement, jewelled in four h01F 4 9 capped, hand to mark the seconds, hard enamel dial, and maw' taining power t o cont i nue going while winding up, at the abo ve price, at T. COX SAVORY'S, Watchmaker, Silver and Goldsmith, 47, Cornhill, London, (Seven doors from Gracechurch-street). N.B.—Second-hand Watches purchased in exchange. BIRTHS. On the 22d inst., 'Mrs. Pollard, of Prince's-street, Mansion house, of a daughter. On the 23d inst., the lady of W. M. Elkins, Esq., of Cook's" court, Lincoln's-inn, of a son. On the 23d inst., Mrs. Braidvrood, of Watling-street, of a daughter. At Stourton Caundle, the la•ly of the Rev. R. D. Lagdeny of a son. MARRIED. On the 24th inst., at Torquay, Devonshire, Hugh Co lqu" houn, Esq., of Calcutta, to Anna, youngest daughter of the late Arthur Hogue, Esq., of Barrow-house, S omers etshire. On the 26th inst., at larlow Church, Captain Bishop Cul peper, 14th Light Dragoons , to Alicia Charlotte, eldestdaug hter of Coloael Sir William Hobert Clayton, Bart., M.P. On the 24th inst., at the parish church of St. Dunstan'sin the-West, John Benstead, Esq., of Fl ee t- s t ree t, to Abirtha Steuart, widow of the late Thomas Golden, Esq., of Strea t ' ham Paragon, Surrey. DID D. On the 17th inst., at Hackney-terrace, Alice, the youngest daughter of Stephen Olding. Esq. On the 20th inst., Lieutenant Frederick William Love, 01 B r unswick-terrace, Islington. On the 21st inst., at Totnes, Daniel Ferard, Esq., la te °J Queen -square, Westminster. q MURDO YOU I\ ti, f : Printed and PilLiii t i tifrand, zt The N o , uo. Strand. in t he county of Aliddiesex.—.Wetinesytay, August 2 8 , It'39•