The Sun. — London, England, 1844-01-08 00:00:00

etirb Nbitton 'THE FUNDS-(CLOSING PRICES.) BRITISH FUNDS. B ',nit Stock — India Stock 273 pm 3 per Cent. Red. - Ditto Bonds .... 81 pm 3 !er Cent. Cons. ... 97 iDitto Old Annuities ... 3/j par Cent. Red... 102i1 'Ditto New Annuities... 0..1vt 3i per Cent.... 101 Ex. Bills, 1,0001. lid. 59 urn :New 5 per Cent. — Ditto 500/...... 70 pm; Low!, Annuities to expire ; Ditto Small ...... 70 uu• Jan. 1860 Oct. 1859 Jaa. 1660 ... FOREIGN FUNDS. -stietrian, 5 per cent Portuguese, 5 per cent. Belgian, 5 per cent — ' Ditto, NOW Ditto — Brazilian 80nd5.... ...... Prussian, 5 per cent — f3:.!nr.s Ayres ti per cent, :Russian, 5 per cent. Ctillan, 6 per cent. !Ditto, Metallic .... Col nnbiart, 6 per cent... Spanish, 5 per cent — Ditto 1 '24 — Ditto, 3 per cent 303 (Via ponds, 6 per cent. Ili 'Ditto, Deferred.... Danish, 3 per rent — .French, 5 per cent. —f. —e. Greek, 1825, 5 per cent — Exchange .... —f —c. Mexican, 5 per cent. ... French, 3 per cent. —l. —c. Ditto, 6 per cent. 1837 Dutch, 21, per cent. 54i Peruvian, 1.525,6 per ct. 23 Ditto, 5 per cent.... 1001 SHARES. Birmingham and D'rb-y (100 paid) ... ...... 58 Bristol ..).nil Exeter (70 paid) , Edinburgh and Glasgow (50 paid) s7i I ireat N , ii estern (64, paid; ... 97 London and Blackwall (161 13s 4tl paid) .. 51 London and Birmingham ( 100 pai(l';.. ..... 237 London and Greenwich Railway (12/ 15s , ltiptl) 54 Lancaster and Carlisle (5 paid) Midland Counties Railway (100 paid) Newcastle and Darlington Junction(ls paid` 254 No&,ern and Eastern (45 paid) North Midland (100 paid) South Eastern and Dover (50 paid) Ditto Scrip (23 paid) 36 West London, Old Shares (20 paid) Ditto First Class Preferred (10 paid l3l York and North 31idiand (50 paid) .. .. 120 i SFIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OP THIS DAY. GLOBE.—The striking of the special jury for the trial of O'Connell and his co-defendapts, and the subsequent reduction of the forty-et ht names (drawn by ballot from the list) to twenty four, who will be summoned to try the issue between the Crown and the traversers, have taken place. These preparations for the grand 'national drama have terminated the temporary lull of public excitement which the suspension of the proceedings, by the postponement of the trial, had p roduced. The course adopted by the l aw officers of the Crown in the striking of the jury—an account of which will be found in another column—is applauded or condemned, in conformity with the relative political position of the journals and the Govern ment. Their rejection, on the part of the Crown, of every Roman Catholic, is lauded as a master stroke of policy by the ultra-Protestant party; while it is denounced by the Liberals as indica tive of a determination, on the part of the Go vernment, to obtain a conviction by the aban donment of even the semblance of impartiality. The striking off by the Crown officers of eleven Roman Catholic jurors and one Protestant (an Englishman) from the list, must be admitted to be an extraordinary proceeding ; and calculated to excite suspicion of a determination to pro cure a conviction by whatever means. We will n'jt, however, assume that even a jury thus sus piciously constructed, will necessarily return a verdict hostile to evidence. But this we will say—and we expect the concurrence of all who Are not precluded by . party prejudice from forming an uubiassed opinion of the case—that no course could have been adopted so likely to em barrass the deliberations of twelve men desirous of arriving at a just decision on the facts, as ad duced in evidence for the prosecution and de fence. It will be impossible for the jury not to feel that they are placed in an invidious posi tion by the conduct of the Crown officers. In sensitive minds such a feeling will produce timidity. This will be associated with regret that they as a jury are wholly selected from one of the two great parties into which their country is, unhappily, divided. Resentment against the reck less officials, if' not against their employers, whose commands they executed, for having thus endea voured to convert the jury-box into the engine of their purposes, and the jurors into their tools, will be, more or less, the result, as mind inter changes with mind its own views and feelings. An indignant refusal to be thus degraded, in their persons as citizens ' and in office as jurors, will be produced. The Irish Attorney- General's " devil," like the person from whom he derives his appellation, will be found to have over-helped those who called him to their aid, and thus pitched them into the mud instead of placing them in the saddle. 33ut, take the other view. Suppose a conviction —and for the purposes of our argument, it is immaterial Ivbether -the finding be sup ported or not, by sufficient evidence—a ver dict against O'Connell and his co-defendants, to be of any service to the Government, or ofany avail in putting down the agitation for Repeal, must be in accordance with public opinion. By impugning the impartiality of the jury, the Government has destroyed the moral in fluence which a manifestly impartial verdict would have secured. By securing a jury of Pro testants, they have neutralised the influence which a conviction would have exercised on the thinking part of the community; while they have converted the prosecution into au addi tional provocation to excitement in the coun try which they would tranquillise by intimida tion. O'Connell convicted by a jury so con stituted, the Government—strong as it deems itself in the possession of Ireland by military occupation—would be embarrassed by success; and would be compelled, by fear of an insurrec tion, to make a virtue of necessity, and decline to follow up the verdict by calling the defendants up for judgment. The Irish Government is put on the defensive. I n justification of the question able policy pursued by the law officers of the Crown on striking the jury, the Dublin Pachetputs forth a laboured apotog-y in its behalf. The specious reasoning of the advocate is frequently fit tal to the cause for which it is employed. The pains taken by the Crown officers to obtain a jury of parti sans, not only shows something approaching to fear that a mixed jury could not be trusted with the case they would be called upon to try, but also that the bold step of striking off every Catholic was one which it was necessary to gloss over by sophistry, mid to bolster up by an ap peal to the theological prejudices of the domi nant Church. The following extract from the Government organ, in the article we have al luded to, shows the extremity to which its supporters are driven to find plausibilities for thy - , sweeping rejection of Roman Catholics, as unfit to serve, because of their creed, on "such a jury" : e We contend that there existed good and incontrovertible reasons for excluding the persons professing the Roman Catholic religion from acting upon such a jury. We all know that the repeal agitation, which forms the essence and subject-matter of the prosecution, is, with some very few exceptions, maintained ,xelosively by the Roman Catholic population of this country, 2, , , tered and encouraged by the Romish priesthood, two of :iorn are numbered amongst the traversers; and we also know that resort is had tl every species of oppresssion and intimida tion to draw recruits to its ranks ; and we verily believe such to be the general feciicg amongst the lower orders of the people upon this subject that were a Roman Catholic to agree to a finding of guilty' against O'Connell and the travereers, he 'Mould be subject to every species of persecution, and become an object of execration to the vast majority of persons of his own persuasion. This, we admit, is a hard saying, but such is our solemn conviction; and admitting, as we unfeignedly do, that any one of the individuals in question would be most desirous to act conscientiously, even under circumstances so trying and hazardous, yet it would be an act of the most positive cruelty to place en individual in a position where the contest might be between his conscience and his fears." Tne Trial Of O'C.:etinell and his co-def - ndants t!den, to be a contest between Roniami Catholics said Protestants ! The distinctions which long prevailed, and which, while they prevailed, were a reproach to the Legislature and a source of dis traction and danger to the country, are revived. The Government has practically re-enacted the civil disabilities which ex eluded Catholic's from the sights of citizenship. Its officers have dared public opinion by expunging Papists from a jury panel, iu a country the inhabitants of which are of' the Roman Catholic religion in the proportion of seven to one ! The religious hostilities, which had pre vailed for three centuries, and were beginning to abate with the late concession of civil rights to the long-prescribed Many, are revived. The Government declares that it dare not trust a Roman - Catholic in the jury-box on the trial of cause to which it is a pasty. Yet, with wondrous inconsistency, Sir Robert Peel professes to re 'sard Ireland as an integral part of the empire; entitled to equal privileges, and to be governed by equal laws, with the other parts of her Majesty's domestic territories ! Lord Lyndhurst was right in his denunciation of Ireland— sieht, practically, though wrong constitutionally. The Irish are "aliens' iu the estimation of con sistent Tories. " Aliens in religion '—they are disqualified to act as jurors between a Protestant Government and Roman Catholic defendants Th i s i s the substance of tlieDublin Packet's argu ment in defe?ce of the (Jove' nment—an argument in perfect consistency with Lord Lyedhurst's fulmination. Yet, were they instead of being only • lly , " aliens, then would Roman Catholes he in it better position when prosecuted by die GOVerffillent tits alleged political offences. They would, ss aliens, be en titled to a mixed jury, to pass between them and the Crown. The Government treats the Catholics Miens, without allowing theta the privileges of foreigners. Surely such a panel will be set aside by the Court. STANDARD.—The proceedings at the strik ing of the special jury for the State trials, to commence in Dublin this day week, is extremely amusing, more particularly on account of the nail affectation of surprise and indignation of the traversers' solicitor, as some Roma n Catholics were excluded from the panel. The tone of the attorney was, h oweve r, mild and sober, compared with the reclamation of the Freeman's Journal of the day following the striking of the jury. Eight persons are to be tried as members of a combination assumed by the prosecutor to be illegal. Of these eight persons some are Roman Catholics, some at least professing Protestants, and one is a Roman Catholic clergyman. Forty-eight names are taken by lot from a list of 717, prepared in strict conformity with the terms of a statute, the provisions of which cannot be thought illiberal, when it is known that the statute was introduced by the late Sir Michael O'Loglilin and the pre sent Mr. Justice Perrin, under the Irish adminis tration of the Marquis of Normanby. The list of 48 being thus obtained by lot, the Crown solicitor and the traversers' attorney proceed to reduce it, according to the peremptory direc tions of the law, by striking off twelve names each ; how well soever satisfied with the whole 48, still the solicitors must reduce the list. The Crown solicitor strikes off twelve names, of which, says the Dublin Freeman's Journal, eleven (other accounts say nine) are the names of Roman Catholics, and the traversers' attorney strikes off twelve names, all, without any exception, the names of Protestants. If the striking off names, there fore, is to be taken as insult, the professors of the Protestant religion are prima facie more insulted than the professors of t he Romanist faith. But it is said by the Freerr•a is Journal that the Roman Catholics objected to form the whole number of Roman Catholics in the list of 48. We know not how this mly be but the Dublin Even ing Packet answers the invidious, insulting, and, we believe, unjust inference that the gentlemen in question were objected to as Roman Catholics, by explaining that every man of the twelve objected to by the Crown Solicitor, whether Roman Catholic or Protestant, is a mem ber of the Repeal Association. If this be so—and the excellent character of the Dublin Evening Packet is sufficient warrant for the strict truth of all its statements—there is surely no just ground for complaint. It may be the misfortune of the Roman Catholic middle class of the citizens of Dublin, that they have been misled to join the Repeal Association, and it is no less a public misfortune if the fact be so ; but it does not follow from their error, that the funda mental principle in the administration of justice, which forbids a man to be " actor et judex," can be dispensed with. If there be guilt in the acts charged against the traversers in the state trials, every member of the Repeal Association is in specie, though not in degree, as guilty as the gentlemen named in the indictment. Every member of the association has, in fact,practically, and theretore most unequivocally, recorded his judgment upon the very question to be submitted to the jury this day week—the legality and the moral propriety of the association and of its pro ceedings; for about the facts of the case there will, we presume, be little ground for dispute. It is, we repeat it, a great public misfortune if Repealism and Romanism are co-extensive among the middle class citizens of Dublin ; but though there is, no doubt, the example of a Pope who condemned himself to the flames, we must not look for such he roical self-devotion in our day, and ask a man to sit in judgment upon himself merely because he is a Romanist—least of all in such a matter as that of the State prosecutions in Ire land, which is, in fact, a defence of public liberty. For if these prosecutions fail from any default in the adminstration of justice, or are suspected to fail from any such default, there can be no doubt of some legislative proceeding— of course involving an abridgement of the freedom now enjoyed by the people—in order to put down a movement so mischievous and dangerous as the Repeal Association. The Irish Attorney-General has to vindicate the law in more senses than one— he has to enforce its authority, and also to show that it is sufficient for the protection of the public peace and security; but this last duty he certainly would not discharge with fidelity, where he to try persons whom he considers offenders against the law by a jury of their confederates. We do not wish to intimate any opinion as to the verdict to which a fair jury will probably come, but if a single Repealer were on the jury, and if the verdict should be an acquittal, or it no verdict should be obtained by reason of a non-agreement of the jury, there can be little doubt to what such a result would be ascribed, and how much responsibility would rest upon the principal law officer of the Crown. We have no question that to object to so many Roman Catholics, whether they are eleven or nine, has been extremely painful to the Irish Attorney-General; but his duty lay straight before him ; he was to procure a fair trial, and that fair trial he certainly could not procure, had he allowed the confederates of the accused, whether these confederates were Roman Catholics or Protestants, to con stitute the jury to decide upon the guilt or innocence of their common confederacy. The insult, for a gross insult indeed there is, has not been offered by the Attorney-General, brit those who complain of his conduct. They surely insult the Protestants of the empire as well as the Protestants of Dublin, when they say that twelve Protestants, against any one of whom personally they have been able to offer no objection, though they have had opportunity to object to every man of them, do not constitute a F jury sufficiently honest, intelligent, and im partial to try a case in which no question of Protestantism or Romanism arises. This is un grateful as well as insulting, because there has been repeated proof of the inflexible inte grity of the Protestant juries of Dublin, even in cases where Protestant feeling might be supposed to operate. THE SUN, LOSDON, MONDAY EVENING, JANUARY 8. 1844. WINTER ASSIZES. NORTH' WALES ClRCUlT.—Chester, Jan. 5. William Venables, aged 31, was indicted for having, on the 27th of September last, at Sandbach, killed his father, John Venables. On the day named, the races of Sandbach took place, and the deceased kept a house for the sale of beer in that township. The prisoner and a man named Sutton were in the house, and commenced fighting ; two brothers of the prisoner separated them. The prisoner still persisted in fighting, and at length his father came to endeavour to restore peace. Immediately upon seeing him, the prisoner exclaimed, " You old rogue, are you coming ?" and struck at his father. The bro thers again got hold of him, and the old man fell on the floor. The prisoner then gave his father a savage kick in the belly, which so much injured the old man, that he died the next day. From the evidence of the surgeon, who examined the body, it appeared that death had been produced by the rup ture of one of the large intestines, and there was a discoloura tion of the !lter cuticle of the belly, produced by external violence. The principal question put by the Learned JUDGE to the jury was, whether the rupture had been occasioned by the fall or the kick. If the former, the case would be of accidental death ; and if the latter, of inanslaue,hter. The jury, after a short time, gave a verdict of Guilty, but recommended the prisoner to mercy. Mr. Justice WIGHTMAN asked on what ground they recom mended him to mercy ? The juryman who had assumed the functions of foreman re plied, " We think it was an accident." His LORDSHIP, evidently taken by surprise, said, if that were the case, they had better reconsider their verdict, and make up their minds as to whether they thought the death of the old man had been brought about wilfully or by acci dent ; because, if it were an accident, the prisoner must be acquitted. The jury did not seem much inclined to adopt his Lordship's suggestions. The foreman said they thought that death had been the result of accident. They, however, did retire, and, after a short absence, returned a verdict of Not Guilty. seventeen years. He immediately proceeded to Greenwood and Cox's, the army agents, and received a sum of 151. on account of a gratuity which the Government had awarded him, and then walked about until he had become so tired, that he was led, being a stranger to the metropolis, to ask a man to wham he was unknown, to act for him as a guide to a place where he could in comfort and security rest himself. This was at one o'clock in the day, and before half an hour after that time witness was conducted into a house, situate, as he had been given to understand, in West-street, Smithfield, where h? went to bed by himself, and did list awake until between eight and nine on the same night, when he found the prisoner with a light in her hand emptying the money out of his pockets. He endeavoured to seize her, but she was too quick for him, and escaped from the premises, and the next time he saw her she was in custody of the police. Mr. BROUGHTON asked the complainant the reason he had come over to England ? He said he had been discharged from his regiment, and produced documentary evidence of that SHIPWRECKS AN D DISASTERS AT SEA. On Saturday intelligence of the following disasters at sea was received at Lloyd's : The Sir James Colburn, Captain Davis, of London, was totally lost, together with a valuable cargo of 1.100 barrels of oil, near Muscatt, about the 28th of October last ; fortunately, the crew were saved. The Providentia, Captain Patreira, for Batavia, whilst off the island of Baburga, on the 17th of last June, was lost, and crew only saved. • The Wales, a fine vessel from Manilla for New York, was lest about the Ist of August off West Bucra ; master and crew saved. The Margaret Hughes, from Tralee, on her voyage to London, encountered such boisterous weather that she was obliged on the 2d of this month to put into the port of Cambletown, having lost her boats and being seriously damaged. The schooner Amity, of Briaport, fifteen miles south of Plymouth, lost a man named Simon Crabbe, seaman, who overbalanced himself and fell overboard. The Fame, Captain Buckingham, from Villa Nova, for the port of London, owing to the state of the weather, was compelled to put into Brixham, Jan. 5, having lost foretopmast. The Maria, for Rotterdam, encountered a dreadful storm, which completely swept her decks and carried away her life-boats. She was compelled to put back to Milford on the 4th instant. tics. Mr. BROUG HTON, having examined the evidence, said, " I peeeeive that you leave with a good character, and as an able bodied man, and that your grant is only one year's pay. Why, if yon had served three years longer, you would have been en titled to a pension for life. Don't you think that you acted very fo 01\1 jir. B . n t o h n e n G . T l o ' s r u —Ha t :e r— y o l o n o a uo yb moree giu t m o o t n h e i n y k t o t h a r t I eee d i v i d e Prosecutor —Yes. Three or fourponnds, which are in the hands of the officer of the vessel in which I arrived in London. Mr. BROUGHTON—What did von first do, after you had missed your mvey ? Prosecutor—i went into the streetand told a constable. Mr. BROUGHTON—It seems to me very odd that you should have gone with a strange man, into a strange house for a bed, with so much money in your pocket, when you could have got back to your ship, and received the best advice from the com manding officer. Prosecutor —I was regularly knocked up. Mr. Bitouctrou-1 suppose you told him that you had been discharged from your regiment? Prosecutor—Yes, sir. Mr. Baoneserosi—And that you had got plenty of money, and wanted to be robbed? Prosecutor made no reply. Police-constable, 144 G, stated that he met the prosecutor in West-street, and heard from him that he had been robbed by a woman at No. '2 (a brothel). which he pointed out. Witness searched the house, but, the prisoner not being there, he ob ta;ned a description of her person, and afterwards, at the earnest request of the prosecutor, who complained to him of being extremely fatigued, he took him to a respectable lodging-house. In the course of the night witness had dis covered the prisoner in the neighbourhood, and took her into custody, and the prosecutor, on seeing her, instantly recognised her as the woman who had plundered him. Only a few half pence was found upon her. Mr. BROUGHTON observed, if she had had the money, she would have found no difficulty in putting it into other hands in that neighbourhood. The conduct of the prosecutor, from the time he left his bread in Corfu to the present, seemed to be that of a lunatic, as now very likely he would be reduced to a work house.—The prisoner was remanded. The attention of Mr. Broughton, the magistrate, was four times called in the investigation of a case of the utmost import ance to the public. A young man named Magnis, a butcher, hurriedly entered the Court about two o'clock in the afternoon, and stated to the bench that he had just passed the premises of Mr. Lans downe, a sausage-maker, in Cow-cross-street, and seen three calves carried therein, and feeling satisfied they were unfit for human food, and being afraid they were to be cut up for sausage-meat, he felt it to be his duty to direct the attention of the magistrate to the matter. Baylis and Waddington, officers of this Court, remarked that they knew Mr. Lansdowne to be a very respectable man, and, in their opinion, incapable of injuring any one. Mr. BROUGHTON asked the applicant if he knew anything of Mr. Lansdowne? He said no; they were entire strangers to each other. Mr. BROUGHTON—What attracted your attention to the calves? Applicant—My knowledge of the trade. The men, while taking the calves out of the cart, made a noise as if to rouse up a live one, and being suspicious I looked into the cart and saw that they were dead, and had not been killed; they seemed to have been not more than two days old when they died. Mr. BROUGHTON—What use is made o calves fle ander such circumstances ? Applicant—lt is often chopped for pork sausages, which are packed in baskets in London, and sent to meet the Epsom, Dorking, and other country carts, and then brought into the London markets, and sold as having been sent from those places. Mr. Beouostrost—But would not a judge of sausages be able to distinguish between a pork and a veal sausage? Ap plicant—No ; I have tasted each of them, and could not make a distinction, in consequence of the seasoning. Mr. BROUGHTON — Have you any motive in making this statement beyond one for the protection of the public ? Appli cant—Not in the least, Sir. Mr. Bageoserosr—Yen say you are a butcher; where, pray ? Applicant—l left my situation a week ago. I have been in the trade seven years, and my father is chief manager of ti.e Excise Dining-rooms, Bishopsgate-street. Mr. BROUGIITON, having observed that he had no doubt of the applicant's respectability and disinterestedness, ordered two officers (Coles and Boyson) to proceed to Mr. Lans downe's premises with the applicant, and make a survey. In the course of an hour the officers returned, and reported that not only were three calves, which had died in calving, or some other " natural death," there, but that two quarters of beef, which the defendant had told them was for use, appeared to them in a very shocking state, and unfit in any way for human consumption. The only sausages they understood that were made on the premises were German ones, saveloys, and black puddings. Mr. Baylis, as well as Mr. Waddington, the gaoler, said they were certain Mr. Lansdowne made nothing else. The applicant said that lie saw the beef alluded to by the officers, and he never saw worse—it was only fit for dogs. Shortly afterwards, in pursuance of a request of an officer, Mr. Lansdowne appeared in the Court, and was addresed by the worthy Magistrate, who stated all that had transpired to lead to the examination. He said Mr. Lansdowne had been represented to hits as a very respectable man, and he did not wish to disturb his good reputation, but he might depend upon it that it would be disturbed if he allowed a similar exhibition to the one of to-day. To say the least of it, it was a matter full of suspicion. Mr. Lansdowne admitted that it looked suspicious, and as sured the Court that his only object in having the calves on his premises was to skin them, and then send the carcase to a knacker's premises adjoining. He contracted with Mr. Johnson, a cattle jobber, Highgate, for cattle unfit for the market, and he had the three calves, as well as alive disabled cow, from him on that day. Mr. BROUGHTON—Hew do you suppose the calves died? Mr. Lansdowne—They were stifled in being conveyed to town The Owen, a fine Welsh vessel, and the Percy, were both obliged to put back to the same port, from a similar cause, the former having lost her sails, and the latter her topmast and back. stays. ,0 SS OF THE AMERICAN SHIPHERCULE S During the night of Thursday last this fine vessel, reported to be nearly 500 tons burden, belonging to New York, was wrecked off Deal, near the Goodwin Sands, and the crew had a narrow escape from drowning. The letter received stated, that the Her cules left Shields on Monday last, early in the morn ing, bound for New York, with a general cargo. At about ten o'clock at night on Thursday, the ship, in bearing through the. Downs, with a fresh breeze from the westward, struck with considerable force on the Brake sands, where she became a fixture, notwith standing the exertions of the crew. Immediately on the captain finding it impossible to get his vessel off he fired signals of distress, which being seen by several Margate and Ramsgate luggers,that are continually on the look out for vessels in distress, he quickly obtained assist ance, when it was resolved to tow her off. Several warps were made fast to the different luggers, and after many attempts she was again got afloat. Pre parations were then made to make for Ramsgate, to ascertain the nature of the injuries she had sustained by striking on the sands, but all of a sudden it was discovered that the ship's hold was rapidly filling with water. All hands instantly turned towards the pumps which were worked vigorously, in the hopes of checking the leak, but upon examination the water was found to increase instead of diminishing, pro ducing, as may be conceived, great alarm, to the master and crew. They still laid to the pumps, the crews of the Ramsgate and Deal luggers now and then taking turns. But it was now observed that if they did not quickly leave her, she would carry all on board to the bottom ; for by that time the water was within three feet of the deck, and she was going down head foremost. The master, seeing the imminent danger, had the boats lowered, and some of the crew having saved part of their clothes, the ship was left to her fate. The boats had scarcely reached more than 50 yards before the Hercules disappeared in several fathoms water. The crew were shortly Picked up by one of the loggers, andpl-o ceeded to Ramsgate, where they landed in safety, at about four o'clock the following morning, though much fatigued by their excessive exertions. The remaining luggers kept cruising about the sunken ship, saving the different articles that floated from her, which they landed. From the position in which the vessel lies, and the strong currents con tinually running over the spot, it is considered im possible to raise her, consequently she is a total loss. She is stated to be fully insured at South and North Shields, but the amount we are unable to state. Since the above was written, a report has reached Lloyd's, which states that the vessel is sunk in about four-and-a-half fathoms at low water, the North Foreland bearing north by west In consequence of her lying in the track of shipping to and from the Downs, and her three masts standing, though all her rigging and yards have disappeared, the Trinity House brethren have placed a green buoy, marked "Wreck," off the spot, in order to prevent disasters. LOSS OF TilE OCEAN. Within a few miles of where the above unfortunate wreck happened, another vessel, cane,' the Ocean, master William Watkins, laden with ground nuts, from Sierre Leone to London, drove ashore on Wed nesday, between the Ness Sands and Margate, where she has since gone to pieces. Part of the cargo has been got out of the wreck and brought ashore. A WHALING SHIP TOTALLY LOST. Letters were also received on Monday, announcing the wreck of another British whaling ship, the Sir John Cockburn, commanded by Captain Davies, of London, the loss by which is currently reported to he at least 40,0001. She was the property of Ward, the South Sea merchant, at Cock-hill, Rateliff, wlio is not insured. This is the second whaler that Mr Ward has lost within the last six months, the other beim , . the Sarah and Elizabeth, of London, which, it will a recollected, was captured and burnt by pirates, while lying near Copang, who murdered three of the unfor tunate crew. Mr. Ward has received a statement , you make sau sages , do you not? mo neither beef or po r k, and I have n in carts. I make large and small Germans, r:done Mr. L a n ß ss a d 000 for,, u n o ea thirtyT o y N e -1 years.N b V and black puddings. Mr. BROUGHTON—You said the beef which has been de scribed as unfit for human consumption was for use. Do you not use meat in the making of German sausages? Mr. Lans downe—Yes, and that which is said to be bad is good. The inspector of Newgate-rnarket would say so. Mr. BitouGuToN—Will you abide by the decision of com petent persons in this neighbourhood, and burn it, or give it to the knacker's, if I order you? Mr. Lansdowne said he would, and he fetched it in his cart to the Court yard. It looked very offensive, but it was decided that it had been killed, and was fresh. One of the butchers who examined it said if he could get no better, he might eat it, but heaved at the thought of it. Mr. BROUGIITON having also it is at it, said to the de fendant, "My decision is , that s unfit for the consumption of man, and I order the officer, Cole, to see it conveyed to the knacker's." from Captain Davis, of the Sir John Cockburn, in which the whole of the circumstances of the loss of that ship is detailed. It states the ship run ashore on some islands near Muscat, on the coast of Arabia, and that she became a total wreck. The ship was a very fine vessel, nearly four hundred tons burden. The crew were all saved, but they are severe sufferers LOSS OF THE HERMAN, OF SUNDERLAND, AND AYLESFORD, OF DUNDEE. Foreign-office, Jan. 3, 1844. Sir,—l am directed by the Earl of Aberdeen to transmit to you, for the information of the Chairman and Committee at Lloyd's, the copy of a dispatch from her Majesty's Consul at Stockholm, reporting the wrecks of the brig Herman, of Sunderland, on the 17th November, and of the brig Aylesford, of Dundee, on the 21st November, both at Faro, north end of Gothland.—l am, Sir, your most obedient humble servant, (Signed) CANNING. To William Dobson, Esq., &C. &c., Lloyd's. British Consulate, Stockholm, Dec. 19, 1843. My Lord,--By a communication from Vice-Consul Eneguust, at Wisby, dated 30th ult., I am informed that the brig Herman, of Sunderland, C. D. Purdy, master, from Riga to Sheerness, with timber and deals, has been stranded at Faro, north end of Guth land, on the 17th November, and also the brig Ayles ford, of Dundee, David IVebster, master, on her pas sage from Cronstadt to Arbroath, with a cargo of hemp, was stranded at Faro on the '2lst November. Th e crews of both vessels were sent home, and part of the cargo and stores of each have been saved, but in a da maged state.—l am, Sir, &c. &c. (Signed) JOHN ROSS. To the Right Hon. the Earl of Aberdeen, &c. &c. LAMBETH-STREET. At a late hour on Saturday Nehemiah Shakspeare sur rendered to his bail, to undergo a further examination before Mr. Norton, on a charge of having wilfully and maliciously caused the explosion of a steam - bo iler on the extensive pre mises of Mr. Robert Johnston, cigar manufactu rer , a t N o . 35, Gloucester-street , Commercial-road East, and severely en dangering the lives of nearly eighty persons. The first witness, Wm. Henry Dought, proved the prisoner was aware that some large casks, placed over the boiler for supplying it with water, were empty on Tuesday morning, and that they ought to have been kept full, and that a few days before the occurrence there could not have been six inches of water above the arch of the funnel. Mr. George Fennell, an engineer in an extensive way of bu riness, stated that he had examined the boiler, and had no earthly doubt, from its a ppearance, that the sole cause of ex plosion was a want of a proper supply of water, and the boiler getting red hot. This witness thlught it must have been negligence of the person attending the engine not to have dis covered the want of water. Mr. John Adams, a feather merchant, said he had two engines on his premises, and the boiler to one of them had burst in the same manner as that on the premises of Mr. John ston, and the cause could not be accounted for, though he ac knowledged Mr. Marshall had assigned as a cause that the funnel was not quite circular. Mr. John Marshall, boiler -maker and practical engineer, gave evidence in corroboration of that given by Mr. Fennell. The case having lasted beyond the usual Court hour (five o'clock), the prisoner was remanded, but admitted to bail in two sureties of 110/. each, and himself in 200/. Mr. Isaac Manvell, formerly a brewer, in a large way of business at Homerton, but some time back engaged by Messrs. Manners and Furze, of the King's Head Brewery, in Castle street, Whitechapel, was placed within the felon's bar on a charge of embezzling moneys to a considerable amount belong ing to that firm. It appeared that the prisoner was engaged by Messrs. Man ners and Furze as an agent, on an agreement that he was to receive ten per cent. for all moneys received by him from his connexion, and an abatement on certain descriptions of malt liquor. In April last he left the firm , and w as succeeded b y his son, but from informati on which had reached the firm last week they caused an inve s tiff a tion into his acc ounts, and dis covered that he had rec e i ve d money to a considerable amount on account of the firm th at h e h a d not accounted for. Proof being given of one account of 6/. 17s. having been received by him of which he had not rendered any account, he was re manded, but the Magistrates consented to take heavy bail for his appearance on a future day. A POLICEMAN SHOT BY THE REV. JAs. BROGDEN. —At one o'clock en Sunday mor ning the Re v. Jas. Bro g den, residing at Childwick-hall, near Harpenden-common, St. Alban's, believing, as he alleges, that some thieves were on his premises, posted himself at the up-stairs landing window of his house, with his double-barrelled gun, commanding a side view of the road. Police-constable Wintle, of the Herts con stabulary, was making hi s cus tomary ro und of the p remises, when he heard the report apparently of two guns from the house. He immediately came up the Harpenden-road, leading to the hall, a distance of sixteen yards from the outer gates, when he received the contents of a gun in his fate, and up wards of thirty shots in the scalp of his head, abdomen, and other parts of his body. He stagg ered several yards, and fell bleeding to the ground from the w ounds, exclaiming, " Oh Mr. Brogden, lam shot." The Rev. Gentleman immediately alarmed the inmates, and every assistance was rendered, but from the serious nature of the wounds, and on the surgeon's recommendation, he was removed to the West Herta Infirmary, where he lies in a very precarious state. On Saturday an inquest was held before Mr. Baker, at the Wheat Sheaf or Railway Tavern, Lower Chapman parish, aged 63. Four witnesses street, on the remains of Mr. George West, a stone-mason and builder, and one ol the most respectable inhabitants of the vrere called, but their evi dence merely amounted to the fact o of the deceased being in his usual good halth at eight 'clk on Thursday evening, his going from hi e s own house to the oc oyster shop of Mr. Arnold, in C a nnon-street-road, and after eating four or five oysters, he exclaimed , " Oh ! oh !" and instantly ex pired.—Verdiet, died by the " Visitation of God." The deceased will be a serious loss to many poor persons in his neighbourhood, to whom he had been a kind benefactor, and it is asserted that, besides his contributions to various charities, he had been in the constant habit of giving away in private charity from 21. to 31. a week. He was a trustee of Raines's Hundred Pound School, and a donor to the Licensed Victuallers' Asylum, as well as a liberal o ß lls a , nk th o e f Chan cellor of all the public schools in the neighbourhood. c h we e el l I lr r o ' l e h r a e por i f l outaherretae Commissioners meeting d L Exchequer, o figodrotanhti Saturday,e GA I lioeavdseturetntoiooar ft n ottf t hh i of the ht Rolls, y National Treasury. h Debt ere Eng land, and the Deputy Governor. Mr. Higharn, Secretary and Comptroller-General, was in attendance. COMMERCIAL NEWS. MARSEILLES, DEC. 30.—WHEAT.-111 consequence of the festivities of the season, the commercial week has been of short duration. The orders from England, so confidently looked for, have not yet arrived, and the im portations continue to be extensive, producing a certain depreciation, which would have been more notable but for the already extremely low price of wheat. Several cargoes of Roumelia have been sold, and the good sorts h aye obtained no more than 17f. to 17f. 25c. per charge. Mention is made of sundry sales of Polish at 21f to 21f. 50e., and 22f. for a very superior parcel. OLEAGINOUS SEED.—There has been some business done in Sessame this week, without, however, producing any real activity in the market ; 400 quintals, disponibles, were sold at 45f., discount one per cent., and 2,000 quintals to arrive in January, at 44t. 25c. ; 600 quintals Russian Linseed, disponibles, have been sold at 26f., dis count one-half per cent. ; while in other descriptions no thing whatever has been done. Our market for cotton seed continues dull ; 500 quintals Rape have realised 18f., discount two per cent., which is reputed a high price ; 2,000 quintals Poppy have been disposed of at 38f. ; but this seed has as yet no fixed position or rate of value. _ _ . . 011.s.—Olive, notwithstanding the absence of arrivals, has fallen in price this week, iu consequence of the in activity of the soap-boilers, and the amount of business douu has been very trilling. First quality, disponible, remains offered at 1111. 70c. per hectolitre, but without buyers. In cc livrer, what was in demand at 112 f. 50c., is now neglected at 1121. 10c. Malaga Oil, to ar rive between March and June, has been contracted for at 1101. 93c. ; Tunis, between January and March, at 1051. 46c. ; and Sicilian, between January and February, at 1061. 25c. Sessame Oil occupies a somewhat better position than it has done of late. Fifty ' live thousand kilogrammes have been sold, deliverable over the first nine months of 1844, at 89f. 45c. per 100 kilogrammes. The price now held for future delivery is firm at 901. 70c. Linseed Oil has not yet recovered from its degraded position, although the price of disponible is maintained at 71f. 10c., and an amelioration is expected to take place in the early part of next month. The position of edible Oil has mush improved, and during the week some rather important transactions have been concluded for re-exportation, principally in the products of the kingdom of Naples. In Bouches du Rhone qualities there has been less demand, and in the Department du Var purchasers are few at 1231. to 1451. per hectolitre. COAL.—There is no change to notice in this commodity. The price continues high, and the arrivals not sufficiently important to shake it. Freights remain low, and ship ping is abundant. PELIGIOUS ENTHUSIASM. — During the whole of last week, special services were appointed to be observed daily at the Wesleyan chapel at Holmfirth ; and as early as six o'clock in the morning numbers of devotees might be observed wending their way towards the meeting-house. It was on one of these occasions that a most melancholy incident occurred, by which considerable alarm was communicated to the assembled members. Amongst the congregation was the wife of a re spectable general shopkeeper in the neighbourhood, named Joshua Moseley, a woman noted for her activity in the Me thodist cause, and for her regular attendance at chapel. On this particular occasion, however, she prayed with more than ordinary zeal, and ultimately worked herself up to such a pitch of imaginary and extravagant inspiration or delirium, as to pro duce a decided state of insanity, in which state she still remains. —Leeds Intelligencer. BRITISH AND FOREIGN INSTITUTE. — This new Literary Association opens on the 15th, under the auspices of his Royal Highness the Prince Albert, and the Presidency of the Earl of Devon, with a thousand members on its registry, and the probability of a large accession to its numbers as soon as town begins to fill with the opening of the two Houses of Parliament. The League Fuud for Liverpool amounts to 6,0201. The noble subscription of the Marquis of Westminster, alluded to elsewhere, seems to have completely paralysed the monopo lists—more particularly the so-called friends of the landed in terest--in this neighbourhood. —Liverpool Journal. SURREY SESSIONS. Frederick Herbert, a stout athletic young man, and a member of a formidable gang of thieves, whose rendezvous was in the neighbourhood of Lock's-fields, was indicted for feloniously stealing, on the 18th of December last, a boa, the property of Solomon Aarons. In the course of the trial, however, it was discovered that the boa was only part of one, and upon that technicality the prisoner was acquitted. The prisoner was about rejoicing on his lucky escape when it was intimated to him that there was a second indictment against him for stealing a pair of trousers, a circumstance which the prisoner seemed to have entirely overlooked. On this indictment the prisoner was again placed at the bar, when he was convicted on the clearest evidence. In answer to a question from the CHAIRMAN, the police officer stated that the prisoner had several times been in cus tody on a charge of felony, but had escaped conviction at the Old Bailey. He had been an associate of thieves for years, and was a most desperate character. When taken into cus tody he went very quietly until he got to a very lonely and unfrequented part of Lock's-fields, when he made a most vio lent assault on the officer, and made a signal for the assistance of the gang; but the policeman springing his rattle, his com panions were afraid to venture, several of them "being wanted." Mr. Keene, the governor of the county gaol, said the pri soner's name appeared on the black list. The prisoner was sentenced to seven years' transportation. Charles Duffit was found guilty, and sentenced to three months' hard labour at Brixton, for feloniously stealing, in the New-cut, Lambeth, a cap, the property of Charles Paddon, clothes salesman. James Faun was also found guilty, and sentenced to 21 days' solitary confinement in the county gaol, for stealing a hat, the property of the same prosecutor. The CHAIRMAN—Pray 'Mr. Paddon, were not these goods exposed for sale after dark ?. Mr. Paddon—Yes, Sir. The CHAIRMAN—At what hour ? Mr. Paddon—Near upon twelve o'clock. The CHAIRMAN--What! at midnight? Mr. Paddon— Yes, Sir. A MAGISTRATE—Which is clearly illegal, and contrary to the Act of Parliament. Mr. Johnson-1 think, Mr. Paddon, you had one or two cases here last sessions? Mr. Paddon—l had, Sir. Mr. Johnson—And, if my memory serves me right, there is scarcely a sessions but you have a prosecution ; this practice must be discontinued ; it is holding out a temptation to commit crime. Mr. Paddon—l am compelled to do it ; the competition in trade i 3 so great; and if 1 did not, I should be forced to close my shop. My losses by robbery are severe. It is only re cently I transported three men at Kingston. A AIAGISTRATE—You are doing an illegal act, Sir, and en gendering crime. The CH AIRMAN eventually told Mr. Padden, if he came to this Court again, under similar circumstances, he should not have his expenses. There was no occasion for any tradesman to expose their goods but butchers. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. (SATURDAY.) MANSION-HOUSE. A French gentleman, who resides in King William-street, was summoned by a cab-driver, before Sir John Key, for having refused to pay four shillings fare, after having traversed a much greater extent of ground than he could have demanded to be conveyed if an agreement had not been made. The cabman stated that as the day happened to be a frosty one, and there was no " cab life a moving," he consented to take four shillings for driving the defendant a six shillings' distance, and he was to put the gentleman down at the exact spot where the hiring took place. He just did as he promised, but the defendant refused to pay for the long jaunt, and the summons was the consequence. Sir JOHN KEY, having very scrupulously investigated the charge, and ascertained that the cabman had actually taken the defendant further than four shillings would have paid for under the usual circumstances, said—Well, Sir, this man seems to have performed his part of the contract—what is your objec tion to pay ? Defendant—You see, sare, I often go in de cabs, and I see him vid de cab, and I ask him vot he take me for? so he say six shilling. I say four shilling, no more, and I walk on. Ver well, he come up again, and he open de door, and he say jump in; and I say four shilling, and he say, yes, yes; and I jump in. —( Laughter.) Sir Jon N KEY—This was near your own house? De fendant—Yes, yes. Dis was near my own office. Ver well ; be ride me round to de places vot I vented to go, but he stop at public-house to drink himself and his hoes in xford-street, though I was in a much hurry to march on.—(Laughter. ) Yell, sare, I don't tink nothing of dat, so he drive on. Sir Joint KEY—He drove you back to King William-street? Defendant—Yes, sare, he drive me in King William-street, but be say he would not drive me in my own office. Vell, when he come in de street he fling open de door, and he say, " Come, you jump out."—( Great laughter.) So I say I won't jump out till you take me in my office. " Aha," he say, " I won't drive you no more." Den I say, I won't give you no more four shilling.—(Laughter, ) Sir Joins - KEY—But it appears that he had driven you to the spot at which you engaged him. The cabman—Jist so, your Worship. I driv the gent to the wery place vere he hired this here vehicle of mine ; and had'nt I a rum go to bundle rich a big-un as him a long six shilling fare for four shillings on such a starving day ? Defendant—Aha, I vould i nt care for forty-four shilling. Four shilling ! no, no ; dese cabsmen be sheats—common sheets ; and I was intend to come to de Mayor, for I often jump in de cabs. Aha (shaking his hand at the cabman), you sheat.—(Laughter.) Sir Joust KEY was astonished to learn that the defendant's office was actually within two doors of the spot at which the cabman stopped his cab and demanded his fare. " How did it happen, cabman," said Sir John, " that you did not drive the gentleman a couple of yards further ?" The cabman—Please your Worship, our agreement was, that I should drive him back to the very spot where I shoved his body in ; and as he wouldn't stand a farden more than four bob for that precious yarn of a drive, how could I, in honour to myself, drive him the eighth of an inch furder ?—( Great laughter. ) Defendant—Ah, Sara I He know I don't speak de English much well, and so he sheet me—(Laughter)-1 am glad I have come here, for I wish to have punish dese cabsmen. Sir JOHN KEY—The cabman has not acted with proper consideration, certainly ; but he has performed his contract. You must pay him the four shillings for the fare, half-a-crown for his loss of time, and two shillings for the serving of the summons. The defendant, who evidently did not care a farthing about the money, but was shocked at the rudeness of his adversary, then paid the amount demanded, and said he would take the advice of Sir John Key, who told him he would never be cheated if he invariably gave a cabman whatever he demanded, and summoned him before a Magistrate for overcharge. GIB Y POLICE COiVI Al ITTE E. Mrs. Jones, a widow, proprietress of the Bull's Head public- house, Wood-street, Cheapside, attended before Mr. Alderman Kelly, the presiding Magistrate, to answer a charge laid against her by the police, for having her house open, not for refresh metit of travellers, after the hour of twelve on Saturday night last, whereby she incurred a heavy penalty, and endangered the license of the premises. She pleaded not guilty. Mr. Wire, the solicitor, appeared on her behalf. The police-constable, No. 101, deposed that at about twenty minutes before one o'clock on Sunday morning last he passed the defendant's house, and found the door ajar, and on pushing it open saw a man standing near it with a pot of beer in his hand. He went in and found three others in front of ,the bar, and two in a passage leading to the tap-room. There were pots on the bar counter, but he could not, swear that they contained any thing. It was for having persons in her house after twelve o'clock that he summoned the defendant. Mr. Wire said he should clearly prove, to the Magistrate's satisfaction, that no offence had taken place whatever, and proceeded to question the officer. Mr. Wire—Among those in front of the bar, and in the passage, did you see Mrs. Jones? Witness—Yes, I believe I did. Mr. Wire—Was she not standing at the foot of the staircase with a candle in her hand? Witness—Yes, she was. Mr. Wire—Had you any conversation with her on the sub ject of persons being in the house at that hour of the night? Witness—Yes. Mr. Wire—What did she say to you? Witness—She told me they were her own people and were going to bed. Mr. Wire—Have you any doubt that they were otherwise? Witness—No, I have not. Mr. Wire—This, your Worship, is the case, Mrs. Jones ad mits they were there when the officer entered the house. The house is much frequented by travellers and mercantile men from the country, and several were sleeping there that night, which assertion she was ready to substantiate, if requisite. Mr. Alderman KELLY inquired of the police-constable if he saw any beer or liquor drawn or paid for. The officer replied in the negative, Mr. Alderman KELLY said he did not consider the case of that importance to call for a conviction, and therefore dismissed the summons. Mr. Marry, the landlord of the Rose and Crown, in the same street, also appeared in answer to a summons charging him with a similar offence. In this instance the same officer laid the information. His evidence went to show that on Sunday morning last, about twenty minutes after twelve, see ing a light in the shop, he listened and heard several persons talking. He knocked at the door, but received no answer, the lights being put out, and apparently great confusion in clear irg pots and glasses off the counter. He knocked again, call ing out, " open the door, it is the police." It was then opened, when he entered and discovered several persons congregated together in front of the bar. He saw three immediately leave the house, but the remainder stoppei inside. The defendant assured the magistrate it was not his inten tion to infringe the law, and would explain the e ause of their being in his house after the proper time. A few minutes before twelve o'clock a party called for some liquor, which he refused to serve them with on account of the hour. This occasioned some conversation, and they refused to go until the police en tered. The rest of the persons whom the police saw were lodgers, which they knew to be the case, having seen them some time before. The Magistrates dismissed this summons also, but ordered the defendant to pay the amount of costs. C LE _UK EN W EL L. Mary Thomas was charged with stealing 141. 105., the money of Michael M'Laren. The prosecutor stated that on Friday morning he landed in the London Docks, from Corfu, having been serving as a sol dier there, and in other British settlements, for upwards of STATE OF TRADE. FOREINGN WOOL TRADE, LEEDS, JAN. s.—Al though sales in foreign wools have nut this week been effected to any great extent, there have been more inquiries made fbr some descriptions, whilst others have been somewhat neglected. Prices g►enerally arc very firmly maintained. ENGLISH WOOL MARKET, LEEDS, JAN. s.—sales of combing wool during the present week have been brisk, and prices are still advancing. Clothing wools are firm ; but we do not quote better prices except for the middle and lower qualities, which are a shade higher. LEEDS.—There have been full average markets at our cloth halls this week, but principally in low priced goods for shipping; fine and middle qualities of cloths still continue to be heavy of sale; prices of low goods are rather looking up, but fine qualities are without any alteration. The stocks on hand of all qualities are lower than they have been for several years at the same period of the year. The principal business in the warehouses at present is by the houses connected with the American trade ; but this being the season when few of the London or country buyers visit the market, there is, in consequence, little doing for the home demand. BRADFORD MARKET, THURSDAY, JAN. 4.—The attendance at our piece market to-day is fully an average one, and doubtless a larger amount of busi ness would have been done had not our manufac turers been firm in having an advance. This being the first market in the month, the spinners generally make contracts with power-loom houses, but there are none disposed to sell at December prices, nor contract for distant deliveries ; and what business has been done to-day is at advanced rates. Since our last more business has been done in most kinds of combing wools, and anything offered at late prices is freely removed from the market. Notwithstanding the quantity that has changed hands, still the market is very abundantly supplied, but chiefly held by those who will not sell except at higher rates, which in some cases have been realised. The country dealers appear to be impressed with the idea that the opening of the new year will tend to still further increase the de mand, and are fully expecting still higher prices. The hosiery trade of Nottingham, after a depression which has continued for nearly two years, is now much improved. MANCLIESTER.—There was a good inquiry on Wednesday for nearly all descriptions of cloth, with a slight advance upon those descriptions which are in the most general request, and especially on shirtings. For yarn, too, there was an improved demand for the home trade, and an advance of a 7 }d. to 'ld. per lb. was obtained on some descriptions suitable for that purpose.—Leeds Mercury. THE CURRENCY. (From the Morning Posi.) Our monetary laws are attracting, day by day, a larger portion of public attention. The Times is disposed to " champion to the utterance" the Currency . Law of 1819. Every attempt on the part of pro ducers in this country to escape from the action of that law our Contemporary describes, somewhat un ceremoniously, as an attempt to perpetrate the foulest dishonesty. Our Contemporary furnished his readers yesterday with the following exposition of the objects which the opponents of the Currency Law of 1819 have in view, when they recommend a departure from the esta blished metallic standard : " Their panacea is a depreciated paper currency. A taxed nation, we understand them to say, requires two currencies, a metallic and a paper one, differing in value about as much as the untaxed would from the taxed commodity. The metal is for foreign exchange, the paper is for home con sumption. The balances of foreign trade are to be paid in the hard cash, English bills and taxes are to be cal culated and liquidated in the Government notes ; and thus, we are informed, we shall at once have a sound me dium of exchange with Wher nations, while the pliancy of our national currency allows the English producer to raise his (paper) price in proportion to his taxation, without incurring any disadvantage in competition with the untaxed foreigner. Prices must rise to remunerate the producer—master or man—for his labour and taxa tion too ; but prices cannot rise so long as the cir culation—the paper circulation of the country—is forced to retain the value of the precious metal. Sever the two. Let notes cease to be convertible at any fixed rate of value. Let paper and gold each take its chance. The nominal prices (being calculated in paper) will be magnificent. The real amount of taxes (being payable in paper) will be next to no thing. Wages will be high—remuneration handsome—and all the world prosperous." This statement by no means furnishes an accurate view of the opinions of all the opponents of the Cur rency Law of 1819. All of these are not advocates of an inconvertible paper currency. Others ask —and the Times might, perhaps, be puzzled to answer the ques tion—why the value of gold, in respect to some of its most important functions, should, snore than the value of any other commodity, be fixed by Act of Parliament? Parliament does not pretend to fix the value of gold as a marketable article—as an article to be worked up into plate, or to be used in the arts. Why, then, should Parliament fix the value of gold, in its capacity, as a measure of the public and private debts of the British empire? If we must have gold money, or paper money convertible into gold, why should the debtor classes, and the producing classes, of the community be deprived of the benefit of a rise in the market value of gold ? If gold shall, at any time, rise to the value of 61. per ounce, in the market of the world, why should all the paper money in Great Britain be still convertible, on compulsion, at the rate of 3/. 17s. 10Id. ? Is it not clear that, so long as a liability so fearful in its nature hangs over the heads of the issuers of paper money, they must counteract the effects of that unnatu rally low value which the Currency Law of 1819 has affixed to gold, by imparting an unnaturally high degree of value to their own paper issues ? The Bank of England cannot supply the producing and distributing classes in this country with an amount of money sufficient to perform fairly the functions of distribution and production, so long as her issues remain convertible into gold at a rate below the average market value of gold. If the Bank of Eng land should attempt to do justice to the producing and distributing classes, by issuing an amount of money proportioned to the multiplicity and magnitude of their operations, the Bank of England would be in solvent in a week. The Bank is compelled, by the Currency Law of 1819, to do far less than justice to producers and distributors, in order that she may, in contbrmity with the spirit of that law, do far more than justice to the creditor classes, to an nuitants, mortgagees, and usurers. The Bank is compelled to regulate her issues, not with reference to our industrial necessities, but with reference to that fraudulent value which the Currency Law of 1819 has impressed on gold. That value is at all times 3/. 17s. 100. per ounce. In the market of the world gold may be worth .5/., 61., or 71. per ounce ; still must the Batik of England be prepared at all seasons to supply the public with gold at the rate of 3/. 17s. 10d. The consequence is obvious. The Bank is, in self defence, compelled to limit her issues, and to keep her notes as much above the value of the legal standard, as gold in the market of the world may happen to he above the value of gold estimated at 3/. 17s. 101 d. Industry is, by consequence, paralysed. The necessary appli ances to production and distribution are withheld. Uncertainty hangs over all the operations of trade and commerce. Sober men are converted, in their own despite, into speculators and gamblers. The pressure of public and of private debts is en hanced. The value of labour declines. The indus trious poor are converted into paupers—and then treated as felons. Usurers and mortgagees rise to the rank of princes. Laws are passed to promote the great work of. " cheap production ;"—and then, " the public" is gravely complimented on its progress in intelligence and " philosophy l" The following is the criticism which the Times hazards on the theory of the enemies of the Currency Law of 1819 : " We have only at present. space to notice one most singu lar fallacy in the curious contrivance for making two and two equal to five. The " Emancipationists of Industry" seem to have mystified themselves into a notion that by a kind of financial legerdemain they can make the same sum light to those who pay it, and heavy to those who receive it. Government imposes the taxation necessary for the purposes of the State ; the Emancipationists propose to alle viate its weight on the subject by diminishing the value of the coin in which it is paid. Is it not obvious that this di minution of value will render the national revenue unequal to the objects for which it is levied , and will instantly necessitate a proportional inrease of amount? Government wants a cer tain amount not of its own stamprd paper, but of cloth, mus kets, timber, cordage, soldiers, sailors, clerks, and Lords of the Treasury. These articles have a real and not a nomin a l value, and will he paid for accordingly; . and if their prices are raised by Mr. Attwood's depreciation, fresh taxes must be levied to pay for them. .This, indeed, would not apply to the fixed disbursements to which Government is bound. Such expenses—the interest of the National Debt among the n umber—would indeed be diminished by the proposed depre ciation. But for a nation to evade the payment of a debt by legislating to change the value of the terms in which the bargain is expressed, is a piece of rascality not, we trust, in reserve for any English Parliament." If by departing from the principle of the Cur rency Law of 1819, taxes should become light--then, argues the Times, their amount must be increased, that portion of them which goes to pay the interest of the National Debt being excepted. So be it. But an increase in the amount of taxation would, in the cir cumstances assumed, fall, not on the producing and distributing classes of the community, but on the order of idle consumers. The increase of taxation would obviou s ly en t er i n t o th e prices . of commodities—a n d he ultimately borne by annuitants, mortgagees, and money-jobbers. It; besi▪ des, taxes should (as they would, of course) rise in amount, the amount of private debts would not rise, with a reform of our Currency Laws ; and in no other mode has the Currency Law of 1819 made its fraudulent character felt so keenly, as in the frightful extension of that measure of power which the creditor class exercises over the debtor classes of the community. To depart, however, from the spirit or the letter of the Currency Law of 1819, would, according to our Contemporary, involve the perpetration of a piece of rascality! Is the Times prepared to show, that when the Bank Restriction Act was passed the Legis lature pledged itself that the English community should redeem all its public and private paper debts —not merely in gold—but in gold estimated at less than its market value ? Is the Times prepared to prove, that public and private creditors would have suffered the slightest injustice if the rate at which paper money was declared convertible into gold had been fixed at 6/. per oz., instead or 3/. 17s. ? " Rascality" is a strong word ; but the Times has thought proper to snake use of it. It may, there fore, be worth while - to determine 'whether " ras cality" may not more justly be predicated of those who concocted the Currency Law of 1819, than of those who seek now to repeal it. Will the Times deny that the Currency Law of 1819 was concocted by Jew bullionists and jobbers— by men belonging to the creditor class—and by " eco nomical philosophers," the apt tools of usurers ? Will the Time deny that the Currency Law of 1819 was passed on false pretexts—on false assurances as to the nature of the results to which it would lead ? Did not Ricardo—hiinself a money-jobber, and the oracle of money-jobbers—pledge him self that the Currency Law of 1819 would not depress prices more than four per cent.? Have not prices fallen, under the action of that law, at least fifty per cent., and has not the condition of all pro ducers been abased to an extent corresponding with the fall of prices ? Had the effects of the Currency ' Law of 1819 been anticipated by any considerable proportion of the people, would any Minister have dared to introduce such a law into Parliament? And does not the utter falsification of all the assurances of the authors of the Currency Law of 1819 give to the agriculturists, and traders, and labourers of Great Britain an indefeasible right to repeal a law ' which has fraudulently annihilated one-half of the value of all labour and of all property, save property in money ? " Rascality" is, as suredly, an awkward term in the mouth of a defender of the Currency La w o f 1819 ! It i s impossible to avoid noting th e gross inconsis tencies into which the T imes i s b e t raye d w h en deali▪ ng with certain great public questions. Our Contemporary deserves hi g h h onour f or his stern op position to the spirit, as well as to the operation, of the new poor-law ; but can the Times fail to perceive that the new poor-l aw i s pervaded by the very spi▪ ri▪ t which pervades the Currency Law of 1819 ? The Times denounces most justly and most powerfully —the tendency of the new poor-law to lower wages ; but the Currency Law of 1819 has lowered wages more, we will venture to declare, than all the other enactments which the oppressors of the poor ever passed. The Currency Law of 1819— the agitation in favour of free trade—and the new poor-law —are all parts of the same grand scheme. The ends of that scheme are the abasemea t of th" value of labour, and the enhancement oft le value of money. The money power enacted the Ot urrency Law of 1819. The money-power clamours .for free trade. The money-power placed the new po or-law on our statute •book. Why, then, should the Times support free trade, .mud the Currency Lkiw of 1819—yet, denounce the new poor-lavv as a hideot's act of injustice ? The new pool'-law is, doubte less, a hideous act of injustice ; but it is not more hideously unjust in' principle dm: n free trade, and the existing Money Law. The Tames has de nounced the system under which females receiv e three halfpence for making a shirt. Such, however, are "the terms" of the poor shirtmaker's "bargain," and the Times declares it to be " a piece of rascality" to change by legislation " the terms in which a bargain is expres6ed." lire will, however, venture to assure our Contemporary, that if the Currency Law of 1819 had never been enacted, the .new poor-law would never have been heard of. It is, to no small extent, moreover, the influence of the Currency. Law of 1819 which has reduced industrio us fe males to the sad necessity of making shir is for three-halfpence a piece. Yes ; the law which di rectly compels public and private debtors to redeem their obligations in goid, fraudulently estin tated at Si. 17s. 100. per ounce, compels, indirectly, .needle women to accept of three -halfpence in exchange for the toil which is required to wake a shirt. THE REVENUE AND THE FUNDS. Unquestionably the most important fact that has transpired for a long time past, as in all probability it will beneficially improve the &lotus - of the Public Securities, is the official announceeneut gazetted last night, that the investments in aid of the Sinking Fund are to be renewed. It cannot be said, however, that the re-appearance of the Commissioners in their box in the Stock Exchange, as takers of Stock, or Exchequer bills, in diminution of the Neional Debt, was an unexpected occurrence. The feeling an long the moneyed interest for some time past tins been, that the income of the country, though ma inly derivable from the property and income-tax, wasuld so far exceed the expenditure of the U reited Kingdom, as to leave a considerable surplus ; ai. tat it has been stated under this head, on previous Do casions, that the resumption of investments, in dation of the Debt, would occur. It appears by the notification from the Lords Commissioners of h er Majesty's Treasury, that the surplus revenue of ti ie United Kingdom beyond the actual expenditure thereof in the financial year, ending the 10th of October last, amounted to 908,5411. 1 ls. 91d. ; and the Commissioners for the Reduction of the IsTational Debt have been directed to lay out, in the quarter ending the sth of April next, one-fourth part of this surplus, which, adding interest receivable on amount of donations and bequests, to be applied to the- pur chase of stock (3,4771. 12s. 10d.), will make aw ex penditure of 230,6131. Os. 9id. Of this amount t here will be appropriated 200,0001. in calling in Exchesquer bills, and in the purchase of stock, 27,1351. 7s. 11 besides the bequest money. It will be remarked, that the amount to be invested in reducing the Funded Debt is small, but still, no question, a most favourable influence will be exercised as regards the value of the Funds, as well as upon the premium borne by EV chequer bills. The sums to be laid out on each transfer day in the ensuing quarter (and the purchases will be recommenced on Tuesday next), will be daily, in stocks about 520/., and in Exchequer bills very nearly 4,0001. A pretty correct opinion may be formed of the intentions of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1 13 respects the oft-rumoured intention of Ministers to reduce the interest upon the Three-and-a-Half per Cents., should the investments of the Governmen t brokers in aid of the Sinking Fund be made in the Three per Cents., whether Consols or Reduced nuities. It is now over six years since the annual income of the country fell below the expenditure, and when the purchases for the redemption of the debt was discontinued. Ira many quarters the policy of those purchases to redeem the debt is much quer tioned, and at the present moment, when the su bject is likely to lead to muchcontroversy in and out 0 i Parliament, the followiu g- remarks, from a work deemed of authoritylin such matters (Fenn's Compel' dium), are of considerable in terest. " The purchases of stock by'the Commisioners for the Reduction of the Debt love been made at cow siderable loss ever since the fir st establishment of the Sinking Fund; the average raste at which Three per Cent. Stock was created by the various loans Corr tracted from 1793 to 1802 was 57 per cent. (as nearly as can be ascertained), and the average price at will° the Commissioners purchased the same stock durill that period was 711 per cent. The purchases am ounts to 49,655,5311., upon which a loss ~was sustained by the public of 2,234,499/., being 41- pe r cent. Dail the war, from 1803 to 1814, the avera,cce rate per Of, at which Three per Cent. Stock was cis eated was 67,' and the purchases made by the Comnaissioners °Ol, raged 62/. The amount purchased was :i76,17 3,2A° ;z upon which there was a loss of 2i per cent., anson n- 4 to 4,404,8311., making a total of upwards o, o ' 6,60 0 0 ° V lost by the nation during the period 179'3 to 18 1 1 merely to keep the Sinkiag Fund in ope,tatien, from which the public derived no benefit what eref ' Since the termination of the war the purchases by tha Commissioners have been made at a much hi g h,,ere. price, and consequently the nation has to resPaY "`„, stockholders from 30 to 40 per cent. more tb a ' ll , actually borrowed. This is the consequence 0 t t he method of funding pursued during the Wa r / , e d errors of which have been frequently poi sl, out in books upon the subject, but unfl; tunately not until the effects were felt. is argued that had the loans been raised by t" . ., creation of stock bearing a high rate of interest, 11 ' stead of by the creation of Three per Cents., the ball e d. ' fit resulting from a rise in the price consequent ilP ° „; the conclusion of the war, would have been eq ll , 6 ,''. divided between the stockholder and the nation. "-L s ", value of the capital would have been increased to t'i le firmer, while the latter, by a fair reduction 11 1 t At rate of interest, would have participated in the pr t he The most important reductions in the capital of,g Debt have of late years been effected by glto fe annuities on lives and for terms of years. Th e duetion in the annual charge of the Public Debt. o ; been principally occasioned by the rise in the p rzc i? of stock enabling Government to reduce the interePos The saving by the reduction of the Five and inter per Cents. is 2,355, 8 4 51 . annually, and were tvat Three-and-a-Half per Cents. reduced, the inter 1• payable on the Debt would be a saving of 800,0 10 a year more. Before leaving the subject it inaY, to as well to remark, that the last purchases made by Commissioners in aid of the Sinking Fund, %veto made on the 29th December, 1837 . In the spillroj of that year the purchases daily were 552 /. stock, of about 5,000/. Exchequer Bills, making a total et 27,0541. 18s. 9d. stock, and 250,000/. Excheel iZ er , bills, laid out from October to the end of Decerob_, 1837. And it is singular that in 1844 , the recoallo mencement of the purchases in aid of the Sinking F it o f should take place with an available surplus balarlo e o p revenue over expenditure, for the quarter ending to , the sth of April next, of '27,1351.; that the dailY,P chases for the next three months e. transfer 110 should be about 255/., and that in Exchequer 200,0001. are to be invested. The value of the TlllO, and-a-Half per Cents. (of 1818), in which the l ost t o' vestments were made by the Commissioners in 3 r, demption of Debt, was on the 29th December, l o f 994, and Exchequer bills, with interest at the rate d . 2Sd. per centum per diem, were at 455. to 475. mium. Now, the quotation for the Three-all' o r Half per Cents. of 1818 is 1021, and of Exch e l o o bills, interest reduced to lid. per centum per lt d .. 675. to 695. premium. This is another forcible lob merit in favour of a reduction of the interest. eea ea A far better plan it is thought would be Md. were the assessed, the malt, and other taxes re":, for It is assumed that the income-tax will be kept ° ';, 2 et. the three years, but at least the five and ten rfr„- - ,iet, on taxes in general, laid on by the late r e r e e - v iefl, might easily he taken off instanter, instead of "'v o te up stock at not far short of par, which was colltrt, (;1 for principally during the war, at prices rang ing to 30 per cent. lower.—Observer. B On the 29th u lt. at Tor l qRTIIS. uay, Devon, the lady ° f wo oly General H. T. R o b er t s , C. 8., o f Milf or d L o dge, near ton, Hants, of a son, still born. L . On the 31st ult., a t Gl asgo w C o ll eg e, the lady o f P. o f Lusliington, Esq., of a son. On the sth inst., the lady of Charles Johnston, Claremont, Herts, of a son MARRIED. f On ande r the 4th Poulden, Esq. , so inst., at St. Marylic's itor, Fulh Portsea, to t am, Alex e rio s Alex' fr. Rankin, y ounges t d aug ht er o f the late Thomas Pears°l3' W On the 6th inst., at St. Pancras Church , Regina"- „ Mootham, Esq., of Montanna Cottage, Warulsworth-ri:j.tio'r Margaret, daughter of the late J. Cowie, Esq., of St. le-Grand d ee r DIED at . Ale o- th e On the 17th of November, BellarY' Thoma , -;„, of - Turquand, Lieutenant, Quartermaster, and Interpre.'- 0* 3d Regiment of Madras Light Infantry. old P r On the 20th ult., at Naples, the infant daughter of l a te Darby Griffith. „,., , % ,( 1 4 f On the 28th ult., at Florence, W. Wansey, J'''' " l 0 d e of Hanger-lane, Stoke Newington. WO e ,t On the 2d inst., at Lymington, Henry WorseY , e - Adeo I ' le Major-General H. T. Roberts, C. 8., o f Milford L Lymington, Hants. o f S tAs On the 3d inst., Edward Colsill Edlin , Es q • ' e st, grove, Mortlake, Surrey. ( ..„ D ior . On the 3d inst., William Cator, Esq. , in `"-- il ri eP Liverpool. 1 Af t ' On the 4th inst., at Aylesbury A n n, relict o it)' Hickman, surgeon, aged 88. ' On the sth inst., at Leavesden Herts , Samuel Aid, the sth inst., at Highgate, J. Thomas, Esq; , 04 1. On the sth inst., Mr. J. Bond, of Whiteehope.r ad' On the sth inst., at Torquay, William Clark, Dit n ee .- On the 6th inst., Elizabeth, the wife of Mr. La th-- head, of Lambeth. ...----". .....--.... - — "i l ia , ° -- nyo 4O Lendon : Printed and Published by MIJRD , J,„ stein No. 112, Strand, at The Sue O ffi ce, No. 11 ,70. the Ceonty of Middlem, Monday, Januar 60 '