The Sun. — London, England, 1839-01-19 00:00:00

mation is Yrs' Com— min pro is nolo [l too late narrating Anent. kY.) the cases ented no landamus rn Conn- and sum pensation tain pre liich the notice of the factF, a writ of ns in this d not be .ommitted pplication onformity affidavits. Quarter heal' 4 " ender the ,efore the atter was -hear it. tatement. rhich had DAY•) :he plain his taxi" de fudge, at ieral ver sequentlY ree of the taxatioffi upon ap ff those on the its merely The first 3d Henri not pal )e against be liable The leet 3, which ass as the ting caste t Act, aq 4th and t paying Costs- - • o which found for treat him been re- nly ask a Ind not ki ng him premium d. The its of the sel's fees m. SL, and on those ture, the Is having )AY.) River and re. —Arrived ); ,Susan, n Green, ✓estwatili nterprize, eld, Pen trtmouttt. SwiflY Roxburgh Dublin; wann, ,for L John% ; a, Jerrett, ezes and Sailed the ad ; Ski is; Hope ot, Algae Lisbon Seymour,. Natchez;•' le Broad , Adams, a, Willis,. Janeiro; krethusa, Stopford, Primrose, Tna ; Ja ell, ditto. Y, Miller, 3f. on, frona . Sailed tiladonna ; Mungo id Mazy, I washed ritius to rion, for assed St. Z, spoke long. 11, it. 5 N., icotland, led, in a Sydney (Sited to arrived xl on the lived off ed from mae, of ns state las been John'o, Rion. Iyaloch, !r, from ,ondon, irly all and all 1, and lank— 34 tone irently CONCERT ALA TRAUSS. TO THE DIRECTORS OF THE "She success o 'i t h e Promenarb.: Concerts at the En g li s h Op era H ouse GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. ' li d as, it seems, c alled another party of musicians into the field. Yester- GENTLENIEN,—WheiI I undertook the task of reporting 1 :1, at the Q'aeen's Concert 'Rooms, Hanover-square, a series corn- upon the Great Westcro Railway, knowing the nature of the enced, undw the management of Mr. Schaileh a, a member of the band inquiry, I h a d prepare d mvse l f to expect that my opinions .0 f Mr. St rauss, which perforated in Lond on w i th so much applause dux _ would be severely scrutinized by your engineer, and by the tnitgedthe last season. The room, although by no means crowded, exhi. . public ; and - I had determined to submit to such criticisms with a very fair show of most respectable, and, indeed, fashionable com- ;, , Patsy, The pieces played were precisely of such character as those Mr. iiuG res ig nat i on, come from whatever quarter they might. With your body, h owever , i t i s diff erent ; it is, in my opinion, Str auss's orchestr a h a d b een accustomed to play, such as the " Philo melen Valse," " Fortuna Galop " " Dun o i s Q ua d r i lle ," La Rosa Valse,., I imperative on m e t o see—which lem sure will meet your con &c. & c ., to which were added,Auber's Overture to Masanicllo, and that eurrence—thet the conclusions drown by you from my Report, of Mozart to Giovanni, with a " Grand Polonaise," neatly and taste. should be strictly correct, and those only wileh are warranted fully executed on the piiano-forte, by Mr. C. Miller. The Valses by the opinions therein expressed, or by the experiments !_nd oot Quadrille s were played with correctness, and went very therein detailed. 'SDI hly ;we cannot say, however, that the various points of the A copy of your Report reached me yesterday ; generally .4et'eral compositions were given with the character and finish we heard the conclusions drawn from my report, are therein fairly, ..lin , parted to them "..iy the band of M. Strauss, but were rather more in clearly, and impartially stated ; but there is one part in which tee style of the performers at the Promenade Concerts. The peculiar you have been led into an erroneous conclusion, by contracting beauty of the tirst-mentioned party erase from their having practised ivith each other entirely dissimilar experiments, and a hieh it incessantly tnether for a long pe riod of time; and when Mr. Sahel. Ilehn's band have become more accustomed t o ea ch other, if patronised appears to me to be due to the Shareholders, to the Public, by the public at large, we make no doubt they will attain nearly to the and to my own charecter, that I should set right. name perfecti on as the orchestra of Strauss. We have only to add, You detail an experiment, p ersona ll y w i tnessed b y your that as these concerts tate place in the day time, they cannot be con- s selves, with the North Star engine, after being improved by :stdered as starting in opposition to the concer t s now g ivi ng nightly at s Mr. Brunel ; where that engine took from Maidenhead and the English Opera House. back, a train of carriages loaded to 43 tons, at an average speed of 38 miles an hour, and the consumption of coke being .951bs. per ton per mile. This you contrast with a consump tion of 2.751b5., as shown by some of my experiments. tThe consumption of 2.75ib 5 . was, however, derived, from an experiment, where the load was only 16 tons, which it is quite preposterous to contrast vr:!li a load of 43 tons; fortunately we have in my report the data afforded for making a correct comparison. In table, page 17, you will find a set of experi ments (the third) by the North Star Engine, detailed, shew ing a 'owl of 4.161 tons, conveyed at the average rate of 3.88 miles an hour. the consumption of colic being 1.091b5. per ton per mile. Mr. Brunel states the improved performance of this engine at 40 tons, taken forty miles an hour, with a con sumption of .9!bs. per temper mile, Comparing these expe riments with each other, we have the following results of the performance of that engine before and after being improved : Load in Speed in Coke per Tons. Miles per Ton pe Hour. Mile. 38. .951bs. 40. .90 NE MUSICAL MENT. At Schallehn's conc W ert Testerday, a INSTR newly ne U invented German instru !bent was int ro d uced in the band, we believe for the fi rs t ti me i n t hi s c ountry, although it has been used in the military bands in Germany for some time past. It l,' bra ss , a bass instrument, manuf ac tu r ed w h o ll y of , of so great compadis that we understood its lo wes t no t e i s b e l ow that of the double bass, The tone is of a combining quality, mellow and ex ceedingly p.wrerful, but can be pl a y e d p i an i ss i mo. Its effect as ba Us even in : military • s 'stringed band, is remarkably fine ; b u t as a b ass to Y mus ic ,, we should think it will prove far superior to anything hitherto introd aced. It is wholly void of the occasionally disagreeablecrash I"the trombone, is double the power of the serpent, and far exceeds the Pheicleide in quality of tone, and in its capability of sustaining a note. lor_ his s uperieority arises from its having no open keys, the notes being med by yentas or valves, of which there are eight, governed by four clever b _ ev rs or keys. The Instrument was brought to this country by Mr. ' e n the eminent instrument maker of Charing cross, and is played by a Musician of the Guards, named Standen. Director's Experiments 43. Mr. Bruel's 4O. Mean 41.5 9 25 - - Mr. Wood's Experiments 41.65 38.8 1.09 After the above remarkable similarity of effect it is unne cessary for me to say a single word, as to that part of your re port, wherein you state " That if I had witnessed the recent performance of the engines I would unquestionably have changed my opinion. It would, indeed, have been a grievous waste of money, time, and labour, if these experiments could have been "blown to the winds" "by the " knocking off the end of a pipe." The preceding remarkable coincidence of performance, elicited by different experimentalists, and at a different period, is the strongest possible proof of their value and importance. I ben you will also allow me this opportunity of more clearly bringing before you and the public, an expo sition of my opinions, as regards the atmosperic resist ance ; which your Chairman stated to be " too startling to be true, or at any rate to be implicitly received without fur ther investigation." The experiments on Atmospheric Resistance were brought forward Merely to show that at higher rates of speed the at mosphere had considerable influence on the resistance of rail way trains; and I expected that I had in my report (which it was my undoubted intention to do) clearly explained that no standard of the amount of resistance could be drawn .from the experiments adduced. That my opinion on these experiments may not be misunderstood, I beg you will allow me to quote that portion of the appendix which relates to this subject. After giving the Formulte alluded to in page 48 of my re port, I state— " In these Formulas the resistance of the atmosphere to railway trains is assumed as being proportional to the square of the velocity ; this has not yet, however, been ascertained by experiment with sufficient accuracy to be adopted as a standard of resistance. The figure, outline, and frontage opposed by railway trains consisting of a different number and description of carriages, are so various, and the circumstances effecting the resistance so complicated, that until experiments more varied than the preceding are made, no fixed standard of resistance can be safely assumed. For these reasons, therefore, I have not at this time entered- upon calculations founded upon these Formulae to determine the values of F. and A. on the relative amount of the friction pro perly so called, and that part of the resistance which arises from the effect of the atmosphere. It is my intention to pursue the subject further, with railway trains composed of a different number of carriages, and of all the varieties which are used in practice; and it does appear to me that until experiments are made on all the varieties of trains, no practically useful conclusions of the precise amount of atmospheric; resistance can be drawn. These experiments are extremely valuable, as part of a series to accomplish this object ; then great utility in the present inquiry, is unquestionably as eorroborat ting to a certain extent the results determined by the experi ments with the engines; viz. that at high rates of speed the atmospheric resistance to railway trains is much greater than has been generally supposed. I am, Gentlemen, Your obedient servant, Killingwortb, Jan. 14. RICHARD WOOD. COURT CIRCULAR. The Queen honoured Covent-garden Theatre with hor pre sence last evening. Her Majesty arrived at the theatre at a quarter before eight o'clock, attended by the Countess of Charlemont, Hon. Miss Spring Rice. and the Hon. Miss Paget ' • the other Ladies and th e Gentlemen of her Maj es ty' s suite fallowing in two of the Royal carriages. Her Majesty walked in the garden of the Palace yesterday morning. The Princess Sophia Matilda visited her Majesty yesterday at the new Palace. Her Royal Highness also visited the Duchess of Kent. Viscount Melbourne had en audience yesterday of her Majesty. Mr. W. C. Ross had the honour of submitting to her Ma jesty the portraits of Lady Howard de Walden and three children. The Duke of Cambridge transacted business yesterday at the office of the Commander of the Forces, in the Horse Guards. A Cabinet Council was held at the official residence of Vis count Melbourne, in Downing -street, yesterday afternoon. It was attended by Viscount Melbourne, the Lord Chancellor, Marquis of Lansdowne, Viscount Duncannon, Lord John Rus sell, Viscount Palmerston, Lord Glenelg, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Earl of Minto, Sir John Hobhouse, Lori' Holland, Mr. Poulett Thomson, and Viscount Howick. The Council sat two hours. The Attorney-General had an interview with Lord John Russell yesterday, at the Homc-office. Despatches were sent off last evening from the Colonial-office for Sir John Colborne, G. C. 8., Governor of the Canadas ; and for Sir George Arthur, Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada. FASHIONABLE INTELLIGENCE. ARRIVALS. The Ladies Greville, in Eaton-place ; the Rev. Frederick Leicester, and the Dowager Lady de Tablet, in Sussex place, Regent's Park, from their seat, in Cheshire; the Duke of Dorset, in Harley-street, From Drayton House, Northamptonshire; Lord George Hill, at Farrance's Hotel, Belgrave-street, from East Hempstead, the seat of the Mar quis of Downshire ; Mr. and Lady Anne Murray, at Thomas's Hotel, from the North ; Lord Saltoun, in Cumberland -street, from a tour; Andrew Berkeley Drummond, Esq. and Lady Elizabeth, from a visit to the Duke of Rutland, at Belvoir Castle; Captain and Lady Annabella Ramsden, in Cavendish square, from Yorkshire. DEPARTURES. Count d'Orsay, from Kensington-gore, on a visit to Lord Scarborough, at Rufford Hall, Notts; Lieutenant-Colonel Angerstein, from Warren's Hotel, for Norfolk ; Lady and Miss Shelley, from Belgravc-square, for the Bedford Hctel, at Brighton ; Sir Frederick and Lady Bathurst, on a visit to Sir William and Lady Freemantle, at Englefield-green; Mr. and Lady Mary Abercrombie, from the Admiralty, for Frank. fort- on- the- Maine. We believe there is an intention on the part of the Queen to remove to Kensington Palace in the spring.— Morning Paper. The Earl of Charleville has written from Dublin to say that he will be in London early in the next week. The Earl of Aberdeen left Haddo Castle, N. 8., on Tuesday, paying visits en route to town. Lady Troubridge had a juvenile party last evening at the Admiralty. The Earl and Countess of Minto had a large party to dinner at the Admiralty on Thursday evening. Mr. and Lady Mary Abercrombie left the Admi ralty yesterday morning for Frankfort. Sir Rufane and Lady Anna Maria Donkin enter tained the Earl and Countess of Minto and a select party at dinner last evening in Park-lane. THE MADRIGALS.—The ninety-eighty anniver sary of the Madrigal Society took place on Thursday, and not on Wednesday, as inserted by mistake in some of the papers. NORWICH. —This city has met to obtain a repeal of the Bread tax. The office of Clarencieux King of Arms is vacant by the death of Mr. Lodge. TRIBUTE TO THE AMERICAN CAPTAIN.—Sir Edward Codrington, finding by the Newspapers that it was intended to present a testimonial to the American captain and crew of the Eliza Ann, of Boston, for their humanity, waited upon Alderman Pirie with a subscription of five pounds, and expressed in warm terms his admiration of the conduct of Cap tain Bowel!. NEW WORK ON RUSSIA. ---Mr. Bremner's work on Russia, which is announced as on the point of making its appearance, will, as we understand, travel over ground the! is entirely new to the English reader, and furnish a most inte resting and important view of the vast resources of that great empire ; touching at the same time on the boundless designs of the extraordinary man who at present wields her destinies —setting forth his singular character with strict impartiality ; and showing precisely iii what point of view his projects of universal empire should be regarded by England and the Eng lish people. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT. 'VPORTsMouni, JAN. 18.-1 n Harbour.—The Britannia, 120, Flag P; Victory, 104, Ordinary Guard Ship; Excellent, Gunnery Ship; ,la' George Yacht ; D a ph ne, 18 ; Electra, 18 ; Messenger, Steam T rans Mrt; Meteor, Steam Vessel; Cracker, Cutter; and Tenders-- ,oterald, Fanny, and Gossamer. In Basin. --Not anything in Commission. In Dock. —Not anything in Commission. At S pithead.—:The Ganges, 84. -ARRIVALS, SAILINGS, &c, DURING THE WEEK. On S aturday, the 12th, th e D ap h ne, 18, came out of Basin, and the • Zlectra, 18, went into Dock; the Camelion, 10, went out of Harbour and anchored at Spithead. On Monday, the 14th, the Gossamer, Tender, arrived from Bristol '' ll / 1 hew raised men, and the Gipsy, Tender, sailed for Sheerness. On Tuesday, the 15th, the Cracker, Cutter, arrived from Bristol, with Ztew raised men, and the Wildfire, Steam Vessel, from Weymouth. On Wednesday, the 16th, the Met,eor Steam Vessel, arrived from Li eerpool, where she had been ernp,,yed on particular service. The newly raised men on bo'Ard the Britannia are continued daily to fq eXercised in various evo'.ations, and as th e s hi ps on Foreign Stations, Vwhom Volunteers 'sere received, have now b een reported corn ete, these Volunteers, a re now permitted to join any ships that may 1 ,', 0 e lately been put in Commission. The consequence is that they will s p e edily fitted :out, and those men who have entered for general ser- I ce, will ins short time be perfectly competent to be drafted to any ship toir, vessel that may be commissioned here. Indeed the men now on board the, 511 'lag Ship at this Port, from their daily exercise, can never be any ' but acceptable, wherever they may go. PRICE OF SUGAR. EFFECT OF MONOPOLY. 15:11;able showing the ex.duty price of West India Sugar in Mincing. and Comparing the same against foreign sugars : The G exette London, Jan. 18, 1839. 4- of this day quotes the aver price of Per . Itisc4ll tati on Muscovado Sug:sr, exclusive age of duty, at British 36s. cwt I Id. Worvad° Sugars raised by free labour in the Manilla are th this week from 21s. 6d. to 245. per cwt., being India Detit su • per cwt. less t h an the averagh price of West gar. 35 : . ne bounty on refineo, Sugar having, in October last, been reduced to be en 82,,, %, Per cwt., no %ales for exportation at that rate of bounty have ea n „ '"ected ; the excessively high prices paid by all British consumers this":„t, therefore, - now be attributed to the bounty. Nevertheless, t vuuction stit.t leaves, allowing ls. per cwt. for the poisonous dirt con. ~a ine d in the M ascovado or moist Sugar—and which is extracted by the t y l z : e ncess of reti ',ling, a clear bounty of 10s. 8d per cwt., which would, in 4eti event of an ample supply of Sugar from the West Indies, come into o P e 'ration, and by stim u l a ti ng th e exportat i on of refined Sugar, c a , a Ys nr.tintain the average p r i ce o f W est Ind i a Muscovados at 10s. per abcve the price of free labour Sugar from other quarters. itriti.sh Treacle is worth Bs. 6d. per cwt. in the foreign markets. The earn, has teen sold this week at 325. per cwt., being an excess of price Paid by the nation of .3s. 6d. per cwt., in other words, 235. 6d. per cwt. Treacl n e contribut e d b y t h e poor man towards West India Bounty, and f - 4 , as it is erroneously supposed, towards revenue. CO PFEc.—The duty on West India Coffee, the price of it ranging from 95 5. to 138 s. per cwt , is 565. per cwt., about 50 per cent. ad valorem. The duty on St. Domingo Coffee, the average price of it being 425. per cwt., is 140 s. per cwt., or about 300 per cent ad valorem. The protec_ tire duty, therefore, on West India Coffee is equivalent to 250 per cent. Some importers of Coffee, availing themselves of the privileges conferrred by the East India Company's Charter, have absolutely shipped Coffee from the Brazils to the Cape of Good Hope, and thence to England, Where, in consequence of the privilege alluded to above, it is admitted for home use at a duty of 84s. per cwt. A sale of Brazil Coffee brought by this circuitous route occurr ed in Mincing.lane last week, so that through trickery, and favouritism in duty, the British public are unconsciously 'glade consumers of 'Coffee raised by slave labour, to the exclusion of that eUltivated by free hands in St. Domingo. NVe demonstrated last week that thegain to the monopolists, and the u 's to th e B ritish community by the protective laws on West Indi a p ro . duce ar netinted to 4,210,0001. per annum. IRELAND. Co~ m R D - Op MESSRS: COOPER:AND WAYLAND.-The Tipper a ry Sp ec i a l tAti ent t,rt 4i ons opene , f. On Monday last, at Clon me l ; t h ere are under trial Th e 13.4W0 prisur.ters, charged with murder and cons pi racy to murder. e . th 4616, - F l Dening Post, received to-day, brings down the report o f bit od ° "e l l i .ngs in the case o f Hi c k ey and Walshe, charged with the o , cloci r , of. Messrs. Cooper and Wayland, under the Commission, to six kr. ser f" , Wednesday evening. Th e d e f ence h ad t h en closed, and Th e r •g ea nt Greene was addre ss i ng th e J ury i n reply to ev i dence. re ' ' Port of the verdict, therefore, of course, cannot reach us until our • Publi:atioo. Jf a t t hat th GENTLEMAN IN Aamouttl—Referring to the Mail's suggestion Iforii. ere b e formed a " Life and Property Protection Association," a N i ue ing Co ntemporary's Irish Coroespondent states that Lord Charle hounYalks about armed lip to the throat, and attended by a blood•. t l er 2 and a fierce Mollossian ; the one to scent out the prowling mur. b.;oe°''s, and the other to seize them by the throat. The Mail gravely 141rnends the country gentlemen to wear buff jackets or chain ar. bu rr ,„ r ' w ell Padded, next their skin. The assassination of Lord Nor couutrY appears toentlemen. have created great and general al arm amongs t th e g TtlE Re C ORDER AND THE CORPORATION--The D u bli n Evening Post beaus s that th e reason why the Corporation denounced Mr. Shaw is h (1) 1 ! e the Recorder " refused to become a party to the dirtist of Y lobsto a series of pl under, peculation, and robbery, which they maadt.Pla4ned against the City of Dublin." It is fur this that he is stig viliaZ as the vilest traitor by those who were planning the vilest A CHELORS' COMMENCEMENT, JANUARY 19, 1839. JwiunEßAToßs —Thomas Gaskin, NI. A., Jesus College ; o,Ph Bowstead, M. A., Pembroke College. e i xAt airmas.—Edwin Stcventon, M. A., Corpus Christi V v ege ; George Bullock, M. A., St. John's College. Co , RIN GLERS.....I Cowie, John's College; 2 Frost, ditto; 3 13: 18011 , ditto • 4 Reyner, ditto ; 5 Mathison, Trinity ; 6 c 4 r o , Jesus • ' 7 Maitland, Trinity ; 8 Cory, Pembroke ; 9 1: 13 ,, e r , Cain ' s ; odd lohn's Marett, Trinity ; I 1 C , . , C' a r "foot, Caius; 13 Ferguson, Pembroke ; 14 Baggallay ; 3 7 ; 15 Guillebaud, Trinity ; 16 Gibson, Corpus ; Mallins on , Magdalen ; N ewmarc h, T r i n ity ; P age t, C aws ; 20 Ferguson, Trinity ; 21 Ackland, John's ; 22 ri n ' le Y, Joh n ' s; 23 D ros i er, C a i us ; 24 Ainsworth, Cathe twie ; 2 5 Casa all, Clare; 26 Pownall, T r i n i ty; 27 Willi ams , ao ;1 1anu el 28 Smith, 8., Peter's ; 29, Laurence, Trinity ; 33 e.ake, Sidney ; 31 Garratt, Trinity; 32 Jago, John's ; , B „ !l PPer, Caius ; 34 Hare, Clare • 35 Hall, Catherine ; 39 w hish, Trinity ; 37 Bainbridge, J ' ohn's ; 38 Hill, ditto ; Palmer Trinity • 40, Christian, Pembroke ; 41 Ball, eh rises. , , The factofthe first Wranglers being Members of one `.Oll • four v er ,. e ge is unprecedented in the recorded annals of the Uni. .1 ( 0. And this irthe third year in succession in which St. ,u's has run away with the first prize. u rs u Thursday last, Joshua King, Esq., D. C. L., President p 'queen's College, in this University, was elected Lucasian pmessor of Mathematics, in the room of Charles Babbage, 'N., resigned. ' 31 : 1 Monday last, John Sparkey, B.A. of Clare-hall, in this n iversit ~.. y, was elected a Fellow of that Society. w T he following will be the subjects of Examinatiun in th e l as t eek of the Lent Term, 1840 : De Gosp e l o f S t . L u k e . 41 eY's Evidence. T he First an d S econ d B oD k s o f X enop h on ' s Ambasis , he Third S at i re o f t h e S econ d B oo k o f H o race. Ih 0 e Re v . J ames B a ld wyn P ug h , B . A . , o f St. J o hn' s C o l- C e r in this University, and Second Master of Derby Free ovamar School, h a s be en p resen ted to the Curacy of Little near Derby. SU At an Ordination held by the Lord Bishop of Ripon, on ki t n t u allast, the 13th inst., the following gentlemen were ad edinto Holy Orders i— ll P acoNs.—J. Holm es Abb o t, St. Bees; J. T. Darby, D' A., St John's College, Oxon ; R. Dawson Duffield, 8.A., o wning College, Cambridge ; T. Fearon, B. A., Queen's rinege, Oxon ; T. Hutton, F. Kendall, St. Bees ; W. 4tatthews. B. A., Queen's Coliege, Cambridge; J. R. . t ? 4 ; 4 ';' ll bY, B. A., Lincoln College, Oxon ; J. Rogers, late of (1 -n itY College, Dublin • J. L. Simcox, B. A., Wadham b,,?', l ege, Oxon; W. Thompson, ' B. A., Jesus College, Cam -1:i g,"; J. Topham, B. A., Worcester College, Oxon ; W. 4St. Bi‘es ; 11. Marshall, Literate,—by Let. Dim. from r i %bb of York. \\,`R,,lEsTs.—G. Alston, B. A., Trinity College, Dublin ; Q. 'ales, B. A., Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge; au , Atki n son, B. A., St. Peter's College, Cambridge; C. t ll e Sun Cartwright, 8.A., St John's College, Cambridge; ‘Oander Q. G. C rau f or d , 8 . A ., J esus C o ll ege , C am . ge ; J. Finlinson, B. A., Queen's College, Cambridge; 4 . • Faulkn er , B . A., Queen's College, Cambridge; J. Harr 11 8.A., Worcester College, Oxford; J. W. Maher, 11,: 1 • , Queen's College, Cambridge ; G. H. Parker, St. 'IN;"_,; J. Phillip., M. A., Pembroke College, Oxford ; F. 13 1 A., Jesus College, Cambridge ; Arthur Fullerton, F.intnannel College, Cambridge, by Let. Dim. from i l e re hbishop of York ; W. George Kirk, B. A., Christ's Col ge, Cambridge, by Let. Dim. from Archbishop of York. THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 19, 1839 THE REV. MR. STEPHENS AND THE POOR-LAW COMMISSIONERS. " Preston, Jan. 10. " have received from the Poor Law Commissioners official copies of a Correspondence between their Secretary and tin Editor of the Bury Post on the subject of a false statement affecting the character of the Commissioners, which is reported to have been made by the Rev . Mr. Stephens in one of his sermons at Ashton-under-Lyne. As coml. derable publicity has been given to this statement by the Provincial as wallas by the London Press, I have to request that you will assist nis in the endeavour to make known, as widely as possible, the disavowal of the Poor-law Commissioners contained in the annexed correspond ence. It has been snggested to me, that the imputation which has been so indignantly repelled by the Poor-law Commissioners may attach to the persons of the Assistant Commissioners unless also disavowed by them. I beg therefore to state, on my own part, that T had no previous knowledge of the existence of the publication which appears to have been referred to by Mr. Stephens, and that I have not assisted in or counte nanced the circulation of that or any other work containing doctrines or opinions in the slightest degree resembling those described by him. Allow me to express my conviction, and upon this fact I willingly stake the retention of the office I hold, that none of my colleagues, the As sistant Commissioners, have taken any part in suggesting or recommend ing the dreadful practices which Mr. Stephens states are about to be adopted for the purpose of checking the population of the country. " I am, Sir, your obedient servant, " A. POWER, " Assistant Poor-law Commissioner," On the subject of the correspondence alluded to, Mr. Stephens has for warded to you the following letter:— TO THE EDITOR 0 E ME TIMES. SIR,—My attention has been directed to an article in the Times of of yesterday, headed " The New Poor-law," containing the " Copy of Correspondence between the Poor-law Commissioners and the Editor of the Bury Post," in which I have been made responsible for a " state ment" said to have been publicly made by me, so utterly abhorrent to the feelings of the Commissioners, and so " totally at variance with any opinions ever held or expressed" by them, and apparently so " utterly" and "totally fatal" to the future existence of the " Commission," if true, that Mr. Chadwick has been instructed to avail himself of the op portunity of expressing their solemn denial of having any knowledge whatever even of the existence of the " book," and their unqualified abhorrence of the sentiments said to be set forth therein. That the Poor.law Commissioners should manifest this more than maiden modesty at the casual connexion of the work in question with their names, refusing, even for a moment, to wear the unappropriate honours of this moral wreath, placed by a too officious hand upon their blushing brow—that they should betray a sensitiveness so extreme—an earnestness so solemn—an indignation so intense, at the bare idea of any association of such sentiments with the principles they profess offi cially to entertain, and Consider themselves bound, in justice to the poor, to `carry out," and that they should be horrified at the premature dis. closure to the people of this yet Christian country of the practical, busi ness-like, matter-of-fact results of the humane system of their idol Mal thus, when brought into full operation, will be a matter of wonder to no one who has followed them in that career of benevolence and mercy which has inspired the perishing thousands of our land with gratitude, and brought the blessings of the widow and the fatherless upon their honoured heads. On any othersubject, and with any other antagonists than those now have to deal with it would have been thought only fair that the correspondence in question should have been preceded by a communica ' tints either from the Editor of the Bury Post or from the Poor.law Com missioners to myself, to ascertain, before they undertook to pronounce me the utterer of the vehemently repudiated slander, whether I really had made the statement of whin they so grieviously complain. What tight have the Commissioners to affect all this astonishment and indignation at an unwarranted and groundless charge, assumed to have been made by Mr. Stephens upon them, when they themselves take the very same liberty with him, a persecuted and defenceless individual--which he is positively declared by Mr. Chadwick to have taken with them—the high and mighty Commissioners of the Poor for England and Wales. I should not have noticed this fresh instance of the inveterate malig• nity of my enemies, were it not calculated, at this particular moment, still further to prejudice the cause whose defender, and, it may be, martyr, I am shortly to become, and did it not tend to show how perilous it is to suspend the liberty, the life, or the character dearer than both, of a British subject upon the oral testimony, or the anonymous reports of in competent persons, professing to give the words of a public speaker who delivers a discourse of great length to a promiscuous assemblage of hearers I have no wish to ascribe intentional error to the correspondent who furnished the anonymous report of my sermon of the 30th ult. I did not see it till the Saturday following in a Manchester paper, notorious for Its uniform misrepresentation of every thing I have ever advanced on the Factory question and the New Poor.law ; nor did I deem it worthy of morel han that silent contempt with which I had always treated the misrepresentations of that paper, until I found from The Sun of Wednesday, and the Times of Thursday, that it had been intentionally made to answer a purpose highly injurious to me in my present situation. The vague generality of the report df the above.mentioned sermon will be at once apparent, even to the writer hitnself, when I inform you that sixteen lines of a hymn are printed in full, as having been given out by me and sung by the assemblage, not one word of which was ever said or sung on that occasion, unless by the reporter himself. The verse I gave cut was from an altogether different hymn, of a different structure, and a different tune to the one stated to have been used by myself and the congregation. I might mention several other instances of gross inaccu racy, but this is more than sufficient to show into what kind of hands it has been my good fortune to fall whenever I have preached or spoken on the atheistical character of the Po .r law Amendment Act. It is perfectly true that 'adverted to the Malthusian pamphlet, entitled "The Possibility of Limiting Populousness, by Marcus. London. Jahn Hill, Black Horse -court, Fleet-street, 1835." But it is not true that I stated it to have been written by a Poor-law Commissioner. lam al ways exceedingly careful of what I say on these as well as on other matters. It is well for me that I am so, or thesuggestions of one "Editor," that "it is evidently necessary for the Government to do something more than merely holding Mr. Stephens to bail to answer to a charge of using in flammatory language ;" or the " We say Bedlam " of another; or the " Is it not high time to inquire whether this man is not a fit tenant for a lunatic asylum" of a third; all taking their cue from the " Copy of Correspondence," might suggest to theabsolute " Commission," a readier and more successful way of silencing a dangerous opponent than a village warrant for a simple misdemeanour seems likely to effect. But seriously, Sir, why should these Commissioners, all threeof whom, it appears, can upon occasion be present at Somerset-house, prepared at once to confide to the public every literary secret of their lives, be so very angry at being honoured with the authorship of this humane and moral theory for limiting populousness within the means of subsistence, in a country where the surplus population presses so dangerously upon its resources, that an unconstitutional and unchristian act was impera tively required, in order to save the estates of such exemplary, profound, and pious statesmen as Lords Brougham, Althorp, and Russell, from immediate annihilation ? For the life of me I cannot divine. After nearly five years of the reign of grace and mercy under the So merset-house dynasty, we surely needed no such impressive reiteration of the " feelings" and " opinions," (as to the right to life, and the liberty to increase and multiply of the people of England) of the three Commis sioners, by whose " Rules. orders, and regulations," bastiles have covered the land, and classification of " men" and " females," has been carried to so physiologically -scrupulous an extent; to say nothing of all the deaths by starvation, mental derangement, and that now most common of all diseases, a broken heart ; the premature deaths occasioned by the compulsory migration of the south country labourers, the uncontra dieted accounts of which were furnished to the Ponr.law Commissioners by my friend Mr. Oastler—all the arrangements for the transportation of children, plucked from the mother's breast through the agency of the " Children's Friend Society," and the murders committed by wretched mothers, whom the "bastardy clauses" have elevated into Poor-law chastity and virtue. Nor will I dare to lift the veil that hides the still darker horrors . . . alluded to by Mr. Fielden in a recent speech, also uncobtradicted. That the authors and enactors of the thousand and cne schemes for keeping population down should affect to shudder at the plan proposed by Marcus, will astonish none when the workings of their demon decree, in Suffolk and the neighbouring counties, where they have had it all their own way—where there has been no" re. sistance," no " agitation," no " firebrand incendiary," no" inflammatory_ frenzied demagogue" like Stephens, have only ended in preparing the people, on the testimony of Johnson Gedge, Esq., their trusty and well. beloved " Editor," to credit anything, however" absurd," said to emanate from or to be done by these dispensers of Christian charity to a Christian people. So imperative was the call upon them for an instant " denial," that Mr. Gedge could not wait another post to communicate first with . me, ant) so conscious was he of the untruth of what he had stated, that he prepared his readers for my denial, but not until he had made all tbe use he wanted of the "Copy of Correspondence." Were I compelled to choose between the moral responsibility of the plans carried into effect by tt e 9 rules, orders, and regulations" of these " Commissioners" or the simpler, milder, and more impartial plans pro posed by Marcus, I should unhesitatingly prefer the latter, If the poor have a right to life, and to liberty—if they have a right to the domestic joys of virtuous and faithful wedlock, and if there be no other limit to their "populousness" save the blessed will of that kind Providence who has made all of one blood, and fixed the bounds of our habitation that we might worship and adore Him by loving one another—then is the " New Poor Act" an awful blasphemy against. God—a cannibal in. vasion of the defenceless hearths and homes of our weaker brethren ; and. as such, a measure of pure tyranny, to be resisted by all good men, and for the murderous effect which it must inevitably produce the Com missioners, and all others its eiders and abettors, are alone responsible. But if, on the other hand, there be too many mouths and too little food, if "population press against the means of subsistence" to an extent rendering it necessary to invent " tests," to adopt " checks," and to " carry out stringent measures"—if " being horn," give no valid title to the subsistence, and " being poor" subject us at once to classifying and separating rules and regulations—then is the plan recommended by Marcus mercy itself compared with the piece. meal, inch-by-inch inflictions of bodily and mental torture upon the poor, who have been suffered to survive the period at which a milder Deity than Chadwick would interpose between them and misery, and end at once their unhappy existence and their suffering by a scientifically conducted process of " painless extinction." I rejoice, Sir, that this filthiest and beastliest of all the Malthusian projects is now dragged before the people of England. The necessity fur " limiting populousness" is the acknowledged groundwork of the New Poor-law. This pamphlet breathes its spirit, and proposes an other diabolical measure. If we are to have it, let us have it at once, and in the best and mild.•st way. But the question is now fairly mooted. The Commissioners know this, and feel their throne totter beneath them. They believe their power is well nigh ended, and they tremble. The denial given by Mr. Chadwick as to Mr. Nicholls, Mr. Lewis, Mr. Lefevre, not being the author of the " book," is too palpable a put-off to deceive a child. There are other Commissioners, a score or two, besides these three; and then there is Mr. Chadwick him self, and his patron, Lord Brougham, and his bosom friend, Mr. Francis Place, and their " female assistant" Miss Martineau. The public are beginning to say there must be something in it, or why so very solemn and reiterated a denial from gentlemen by courtesy and despots by usurpation ? Why tell us what they had each written and what they had not written, and what it all was not about ? Why fasten the "statement" at once upon Mr. Stephens, espe cially as he is now situated, without even writing to him to know whether he had charged them with the authorship or not, and a great deal more to the same purpose. . . . Ido not make my "statements" in that way. Woe be to me if I did. But what I have said is enough. The "Bloody Book" is now opened, and "the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth" will satisfy the people of England. Let the Press do its duty—let the Pulpit sound the alarm—let the platform arouse a betrayed and out raged nation—and we shall .yet have the history of the conspiracy against our mothers, our sisters, and our daughters brought to light. Marcus' "Book" is only a part of the plot. There are many in " high places" who can, and must reveal a little more than is generally known. I can refresh the memory of some of them, and then you, Sir, will have a further" copy of correrpondence," that will unravel the whole mystery of the New Poor-law, and for ever put an end to the long-projected and too far already accomplished purposes of wicked men against the poor of England and the God who made all that is and declared to be very good. ihad written thus far, when a circular letter, signed by Mr. A. Power, Assistant Poor-law Commissioner, on the subject now under considera tion, was put into my hands. In this letter Mr. Power takes upon him self to pronounce this " statement" to b e " f alse . " How Mr. Powcr could possibly know anything at all tout it i n t h e pres e nt stage of this extraordinary correspondenee, will p erhaps astonish thO se who are not privy to the ways and means by which a matter of this kind i s made to answer the end the " Commissioners': evidently have in vi ew. I t i s a amusing to mark the gradations in this scale of slander, as it descmds "reported" to only sworn denial of pfrhoemea is themeehtanv,gpedoliswtituhth, making a statement but at Preston, e . provinces. At . - le rs:t-house, M r. Ste lthihat etvl have t nearer hmtaedee C this af samekci m C o mmis si oners , l d a , ws ow l, Mr. S t ephens disclosure. enthe Th remarks of the press already made upon it, obliges Mr. Power, as an " Assistant Com missioner," to be still more valiant than they. Will you believe it, Sir ? Mr. Power is constrained to say, " Allow me also to express my conviction, and Upon this fact I willingly stake the retention of the office which I hold, that none of my colleagues, the Assistant Com missioners, have taken any part in suggesting or recommending the dreadful practices which Mr. Stephens states are about to be adopted far the perpose of checking the population of the country." Misgiving, consternation, and dismay have seized the whole band. Let us go on a while longer, and we shall know it all. It ought not to be overlooked In this " untoward event," that the public purse, and the whole power esf the Ministerial Poor.law press, are not spared in the fell attempt to accomplish my destruction. lam poor—l stand almost alone; but the truth in my hands is more and mightier than all my enemies combined. God will speed the right. Before I conclude this letter, it is needful in justice to myself and to the Poor.law Commissioners, that I call the attention of the people of England to this one fact. I, a minister of religion—a poor man--have been arraigned by them (official functionaries of the state), whilst a pro. secution is hanging over me at their instance, with the public purse at their command. I have been charged with uttering words I have never spoke n ; but never mind, truth is strong even in the hands of poverty, o'id I am prepared to prove that falsehood is weak though defended by t he public purse, backed by metropolitan police, infantry, cavalry, artil. lacy, and rocket brigade, and flanked by such " editors" as he of the B ury Post. The Poor.law Commissioners have dared me to a corres. Pondence. They know that I am held to bail in an amount which at once repeals our beasted Magna Chat - Ea. But, as 1 said above, never mind, Sir; even before my trial, With the unconstituticnal bail hanging over my head, I know that I am a match for tnem. Foro not say --I never did s a y—l never gave them so much c re dit i. courage as to s u pp ose, t h at t h ey were b o ld eno ug h t o pu b . sh the " book" of Marcus; but Ido say this—and as they have entered into a public controversy on this point—l am prepared t.) meet them. They have given me the challenge; I hereby accept it. I f they do not approve of the system of Marcus to reduce the popu. lation of England, then, in the face of all the wives, and mothers, and sheers of England, I hereby declare them to be more unmerciful than Marcus himself. When they have rejoined, lam ready with my argu. ments and proofs. Let me not be misunderstood. These men affect to be "astonished" at Marcus, fur projecting the destruction of all children above three in a family, and say, that such a project is "utterly abhorrent to their feelings." Now. Sir, lam prepared to prove, that the very principles on which they have accepted their commission, and receive their salaries, require that they should approve of the plans of Marcus. When they pretend to be " ignorant" of such a publication, they suppose the public to believe that they are ignorant of the acts of their own friends, and are unacquainted with the nature rf their own duties. They have defied me. They have challenged me. I accept their challenge; asd upon this fact I willingly stake the verdict of the Jury which will hereafter have to try me I remain, Sir, your obliged and obedient servant, JOSEPH RAYNER STEPHENS. Dukinfie!d, Ashton-under-Lyne, Jan. 11. MR. STEPHENS'S SERMON AT ASHTON. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Gentlemen,—As the London Time s of Tuesday last contains a long article from the pen cf Mr. Stephens, part of which is in Ihe way of stricture and complaint on the incorrectness of the report of his sermon delivered at Ashton on Sunday evening, the 30th of December last, and which report appeared is your Paper of the sth of January, permit, therefore, a short explanation on one or two points, to which Mr. Ste_ phens's communication particularly directs the public attention The Rev. Gentleman then says, "the vague generality of the report of the above, will be at once apparent, even to the writer himself, when I inform you that sixteen lines of a hymn, and printed in full, as having been given out by me and sung by the assemblage, not one word of which was either said er sung on that occasion' unless by the Reporter himself." He goes on to say, " I might mention several other instances of gross inaccuracy, hut this is sufficient to show into what hands it has been my lot to fall," &c. Now with regard to the hymn, I have merely to say in explanation, that the first hymn was given out by a Mr. John son, of Hooley hill (so at least I was told) at the chapel„ but at which place Mr. Stephens did not make his appearance at all on that evening ; for as the Rev. Gent. stated before he commenced his sermon," in coming down Stamford-street I was met by many, who informed me that the chapel would not hold thepeople, and that I was to preach in the Market place," &c, From this it will appear that the hymn might have been sung, and that Mr. Stephens also might not have heard it; further, as it was fully half-past six before Mr. Stephens appeared even in the Mar ket-place, I began to fancy that the proposed adjournment might be a ruse to empty the chapel of part of the congregation, and that when this was effected that the doors would be closed and service still conducted there; and with this impression, after waiting fifteen or twenty minutes in the Mat ket.place, I leisurely paced my way back to the chapel, and whilst so doing service, it would seem, was begun in the Market. place, and as I understood with the hymn as given. From this explan tion, I trust, it will appear ihat the " gross inaccuracy" on which ' Mr. Stephens seems mainly to rely, may in some 'measure be ac counted for, As to the next assertion of Mr. Stephens, that he never asserted' that the book was the production of a Poor-law Commissioner, I hardly know what to do with it, except by stating that he did make the assertion, and thus leave it with the public. In the way of conclusion allow me to say that I entertain no hostile feeling to Mr. Stephens (what my ideas are of his occasional language is another ma'ter), being as touch opposed to some of the clauses of the New PooiLlaw Bill as is Mr. Stephens himself. I hate the bastardy clauses—l detest the separation clauses—l have no s:•mpathy for the men who can and do ruthlessly, and unnecessarily, I think, separate infants from mothers —my object in making the coremu nicationwas this, and this alone, that if the Poor-law Commissioners had had no part.cipation in writing or circulating such abomina tions, that they ought forthwith to contradict the statement; and as this has been done I am satisfied. I should feel more than happy if, by as sisting Mr. Stephens, our united exertions should be rewarded by the discovery of the real author. NO ADMIRER OF THE NEW POOR-LAW. P.S.—As it was impossible to take notes of the sermon In the dark, it must be evident, that to have attempted more than to state the gist of his remarks would have been folly, and Mr. S. appears to the writer, rather unreasonable to expect it ; but that there is any substantial in. justice done to Mr. S. in the report I positively deny. [The communication from Mr. Stephens, and which appeared in the Times of Tuesday, calls for a little explanation, which is herewith af forded. If any other "gross inaccuracy," as Mr. S says the report :hounds with, be pointed out, I have no doubt but that I shall be able to explain as satisfactorily as in the present instance.—THE REPORTER.] BRISTOL A SAFE PORT. ( From the Bristol Mirror.) In drawing the attention of our readers to a letter, in answer to some remarks which, copied from the Times, arc going the rounds of the general press, by which it is made to appear that our pride, the Great Western, had not to contend against such bad weather as that which, at the same time, forced the Liver pool back, we cannot resist the opportunity afforded us by the extracts from the Great Western's logs, of compwing, on the score of safely alone, steam ships with sailing ships of the best construction. No less than three splendid liners having been at the same time driven on shore within short distances of each other, to the sacrifice of scores of human beings, affords us ad ditional reason for considering, and example for grappling with the subject. It appears, then, by the logs of the Great Western, that in the heaviest gales, dead against her, she could always keep up a certain speed, seldom less than four knots, no matter how high the sea, through the aid of her machinery. Provided, then, that her machinery met with no injury, it follows that she could not be driven on a lee-shore. The whole of the vessels wrecked off Liverpool, were caught by a sudden shift of wind, and driven on a lee-shore. We infer from the examples be. fore us, that any steamer as powerful as the Great Western, as sound, strong, and well built as to model, would have cleared herself and gained an offing at the rate of from three to four miles an hour. The foregoing brings us to the con sideration of the safety of Bristol as a port. Regularly once, and frequently twice a year, Liverpool, Plymouth, Falmouth, and other ports, suffer dreadfully from shipvrrecks, while we, at Bristol, rarely hear of a wreck under any circumstances as to weather. This is entirely to be attri buted to the comparative safety of our channel and Kingroad. Something must, to be sure, be allowed for the difference in the numbers of vessels which make a start on any shift of wind, after having been any time wind-bound ; but taking Newport. Cardiff, Chepstow, Gloucester, and Bristol together, it not unfiequently happens, that from two to three hundred vessels start on the same tide from above the Holmes, and if they aro met by a sudden shift, however violent, the whole are enabled to, and constantly do, put back at any time of night, and reach Pennarth, Kingroad, or some other place of safety. If the weather is so dreadful as not to allow them to ride at anchor, and they either run or are driven on shore at the coast, on either side of the Avon entrance, they are never wrecked or seldom injured, but lay upright in soft mud, against which the surf does nct break violently or dangerously. On the other hand, if a ship from Liverpool decs not get a good offing, and a sudden shift of wind comes on, so as to place her on a lee .shore, the chances are ninety to one against her during the night, and her case is not much mended during the day, un less the weather is clear, unless the pilot has not left her, or another by good luck is at hand, and able to board her. The same series of dangers that bar a return to port after leaving it, exist in making a port on a homeward voyage. Truly, Bristol th e turh po a r m t Lordoli o th the frg Transatlanticate In c ons tan t, t nt, Navigation. hadron f o I r f , in my Kingroad, in s t ea d o f Plymouth, he might have l an d e d at Lamplighter's Hall at any moment he pleased after anc h or i ng; while at Ply mout h, w i t h the wind S. S. W., there was no communication with the Inconstant for three clear days. DRAYTON MANOR, TUESDAY,--Sir Rob er t an d Lady P ee l are rece i v i n g a select p ar ty a t t hi s e l egant seat. His Grace the Duke of Newcastle, and the Ladies Pelham Clinton, have arrived from Clumher Park, Notting hamshire. Viscount Villiers, M.P., and Mr P ac k e , M . P . are among the guests. Lord Ellenborough has joined the circle from Southam, his seat near Cheltenham. The Right Hon. Baronet and family will return to town at the close of the month. . The bodies of Grant the dentist, and M'lntosh, the two individuals whose deaths were announced in la s t week' s paper as having occurred under c ircumstances of a peculiar nature, underwent a strict post modem examin a ti on b y two medical gentlemen of Nairn ; and it has been ascertained that the death of these unfortunate men was caused by ex cessive drinking.—lnverness Herald. Dr. Ireland, Dean of Westminster, who is a native of Ashburton. in this county (Devon), has intimated to the vicar, that helms bequeathed at his death the sum of 2,0001. to build a school ; and he also has invested the sum of 1,0001., the proceeds to be , annually g i ven to s i x poor house keepers of that place. — E xeter Flying Post. On Wednesday morning a fir e , atten d e d w i th loss of named Hod ges , w h o h a d b een out at work, returned to breakfast , an d, on k noc ki ng at h i s cottage, was unable to get in. H e p rocure d ass i stance, and nine o'clock o f Lampton, near H ouns l ow . burst it open, on which a dense volum e o f smo k e b urst out. When it had in some degree sub s id e d t h ey entere d the life, Aboutbrokiene out o,cliona theavillage building, and found the bed room in flames. Water was instantly procured and the fire extinguished, when a me lancholy spectacle presented It se lf , M rs. Hodges being found dead on the floor, nurnt..i i to a cind er , an d i n one o f t h e corners of the room her . child, n a ;trite of stoperieti o n from the smoke, with a considerable portion of its clothes burnt off. The child, it is hoped, will recover. How the ire occurred is qu'te a mystery. SPIRIT OF TIIE PUBLIC JOURNALS. Our Contemporary the Times has joi: ed in the cry, which the manufacturing capitalists are now raising against the Corn. laws. As the influence of our Contemporary exceeds that of all the ether free-trade Journals in combination, we shall be pal doned for pointing out, with considerable minute ness, the utter fallacy of all the arguments, by which the Times seeks to support the present crusade against agricul tural property, end against the existin g i n d ustr i a l system of the country. Our Contemporary thus states the objections to a repeal of the Corn-laws : "It is argued, • that if we repeal the Corn-law, half the tillage lands of Britain would become waste; that millions of capital laid out in farm buildings, in utensils of husbandry, and in complicated improvements, en thefaith of a protecting law-, will have been altogether wasted ; and that landlords and formers will be involved in a common ruin." Yes :—" it is argued," undoubtedly, that these results would flow front a repeal of the Corn-laws ;--but from such a fatal rneesures, many other results would flow, more fearful even than chose enumerated by cur Contemporary. Not merely would hell' the tillage lands of Englaed be rendered waste" by a repeal of the Corn-laws ; not merely would "millions of capital" sunk in the soil, lie confiscated ; not merely would immense numbers of " landlords and farmers be involved in a common ruin"--but, in addition to all these . calamities, the whole working population of the British empire vvould be reduced to a state of slavery, more fearful than any of which history has preserved the record. The agricultural population of Eng land, at this moment, greatly outnumbers the manufacturing population. A repeal of the Cern-laws would drive nine 'enths of the agricultural population into the market for ma nufacturing labourers. That market is already overstocked— and although, through the influence of a free trade in corn, the manufacturing market (so far as our foreign trade is con cerned) might be considerably extenthd, yet that extension of the foreign trade would be, necessarily, preceded by a ruinous contraction of the home trade. The grand result, therefore, so far as the labouring population is interested in it e would be, that agricultural labourers, by hundreds of thousands, would be com pelled to enter into deadly competition for employment in manu facturing pursuits, with the population which, under the existing system, has been trained to manufactures. Competition fur em ployment, such as a repeal of the Corn-laws must render inevi table, would reduce wages, universally, to the starvation point —in many cases, below the starvation point; and place the great manufacturing capitalists in a position to dictate terms of life and death to the whole labouring population of the kingdom. But, in addition to these effects of a repeal of the Corn-laws, the effects of that repeal upon all debts and en gagements, public and private, must not be forgotten. A repeal of the Corn-laws would give the labourers of England cheap continental bread, with low continental wages. A re peal of the Corn-laws would, in other words, lower, universally, the value of labour, and of all the products of labour. To fewer the. value of labour, however, is, virtually, to increase the value of money. If wages, through the influence of a free trade in corn, should fall one-third, the national debt would be, in e ff ec t, i ncrease d to t h e extent of one-third. The national debt, again, large as it is, does not approach in amount to one-half of the mass of private debts and liabilities. These private debts and liabilities, would, of necessity increase in the severity of their pressure, in obedience to that change in the value of labour, which should aggravate the burden of the national debt. If, in short the Corn-lasts were repealed, the whole debtor classes of the country' must be crushed—and with them, of course, the larger portion of the creditor classes. What, again, would he the effect upon the Established Church, of a repeal of the Corn-laws? Let us suppose the Protestant Aristocracy of Eng land subverted—the Protestant farmers of England consigned to the Gazette —or, in the words of the Times, let us suppose " landlords and farmers involved in a common ruin"—what security, we ask, would remain to the Protestant Church? The same influences that should ruin landowners and farmers, by throwing the soil of England cut of cultivation, would abolish tithe more effectually than assn/appropriation clause. A repeal of the Corn-laws would, therefore, prove the natural " PRECURSOR" to the establishment of Poway. Let us re turn, however, to the arguments of the Times. Our Con temporery having stated the objections which we have quoted, as if they were the only objections which could he urged against a free trade in corn, proceeds to answer them, thus : The answer is plainly, that a large proportion of the lands of this country now under tillage ought never to h eve been taken out of pasture—that such soils arc fitted, nay, in the actual state of England, have long been required, for feeding lean stock ; the application of them to which essential purpose would have tended to reduce the price of butcher's meat, now almost inaccessible to the labouring classes, instead of enhancing, as does their perversion to tillage, the price of bread, on which the maintenance of human life itself is de pendent. " How would our landowners like to see a portion of the stiff clay soil of Wiltshire turned i,:to vineyards, with the grapes thereon raised under glass, and a prohibitory duty on all foreign wines imposed, for the sake of encouraging the home producer, who would thus be enabled to charge these same British landlords $0 per cent, more than the price of the highest flavoured foreign claret, champagne, &c., for his sour and unpalatable beverage? The just a parallel case is that of bolstering up by bounties and prohibitions the co;tly and inferior grain crops of our coarser soils, many of which would supply our industrious countrymen with beef on moderate terms. The objection, therefore, to the existing mismanagement of our resources amounts to this—that the withdrawal of feceditg lands from pasturo, and their conversion to the plough, for which they are not fitted, creates the twofold evil of rendering both animal food and corn unnaturally dear —the fist from actual scarcity, the second from the cost of its production." • The " answer" of our Contemporar y is two-fold. One por tion of that answ er i s a dd resse d to landowners : the other, to fatmers. We shall deal with both. So far as the land owners are concerned, the Times declares that a case "parallel" to the case of the Corn-laws may be found in the supposition that " the stiff clay soils of Wiltshire were turned into vineyards," and the landowners cotn polled to pay " 50 per cent. more than the price of the nighest flavoured foreign claret, &c., for the sour and unpa latable beverage" of " the home producer." We might de mur .to the " parallelism" assumed by our Contemparary in this matter. We might deny that English grain is at all in ferior in quality to the grain of the Continent—or that grain in England is higher-priced than foreign grain in virtue of any other than artificial causes. We might deny that the Times has established the slightest analogy between any effects consequent on the consumption of wine grown in Eng land. and the effects consequent on the consumption of bread produced from the English soil! To make good his positions, and to establish the " parallelism" which he takes for granted, our Contemporary ought, as it seems to us, to prove, that grapes, 03 em taiitly, and to the same extent, as corn, consti tute or ever could constitute, the food of the population of England—ai,d that the price of grapes, enters, or ever could enter, like corn, as an important element in regulating the wages of labour. If these preliminary difficulties in the wry of conceding to our Contemporary, the " parallelism" which he claims, were got rid of, it would still be necessary to assume, that " the home producers" of grapes in England re presented seven -tenths of the whole labouring population of the kingdom ;--and it would be necessary, moreover, to as sume, that by abandoning the home cultivation of grapes these seven-tenths of the labouring population would inevitably be reduced to a state of abject dependence on the employers of the other three-tenths. lf, besides, it could be shown that, by the mighty changes consequent on the conversion of " the masses" engaged in grape cultivation into manufacturers for the foreign market receiving wages regulated b y the foreign standard, bankru , tcy and ru i n ( a l most universal) must ensue ; se a that, moreover, by the wide -sprsad havoc which we have pictured, no classes of the community could gain, save idle consumers and capitalists engaged in pursuits " which owe no allegiance to the shores of Enyiend s "—if all these various points of resemblance between the actual culthation of Eng lish corn, and the imagined cultivation of English grapes, could be satisfactorily established—then should we be prepared to contend, that it would become the interest, no leas than the duty of English landowners to drink home grown English wine, even at a price fifty per cent. higher than that at which the best foreign wine might be purchased. To say nothing of the g rea t nat i ona l i nterests wh i ch would then be involved in the protection of English wine-growers, the landowners v.euld feel that if the protective system which the Times has supposed, cost them fifty per cent. additional upon the wines which they might consume—still, to that very protective system it was owing that they, in common with all the industrial interests in the country, could afford to pay the higher price supposed, with greater facility, than foreigners in similar station could pay the lower price for the wines of fo reign countries. So far in regard to the landowners. Let us now consider " the answer" furnished by the Times, in the case of the farmers. If a repeal of the Corn-laws should ruin the farmers of England, that effect (argues our contemporary), will be traceable to the circumstance that farmers have grown corn, when they ought to have reared beef and mutton. " The withdrawal of feeding lands from pasture, and their conversion to the plough, for which they are not fitted, creates the two fold evil of rendering both animal food, and corn unnaturally dear—the first from actual scarcity the second from the cost of its production." To these statements, we reply, that our Contemporary seeks to prove too much. The uses to which the farmers of England have turned the soil of England can not, by possibility, have produced both the effects assumed by the Times. If we take for granted that too much pasture land has been brought under the plough, then, it might, pos sibly, be true, that animal food has, in consequence, become dearer. But the same cause which is assumed to have rendered animal food dearer, must, in the nature of things, have rendered corn cheaper. If the unduly diminished quantity of pasture land involves " dear" meat, the undue extension of grain crops must, e converse, involve cheap corn ! We argue, of course, on the supposition, that both the " animal food" and the " corn" required for British consumption are to be supplied from the British soil. If the Times shall urge, that the cheaper corn alluded to may be had from abroad —so, we answer, may the cheaper animal food ; and in the event of a free trade in both classes of commodities being assumed, our Contemporary may, assuredly, spare himself the trouble of attempting to discover in our mere agricultural arrangements, the causes of dearness either in English animal food, or in English corn ! In refe rence to the arguments of the Times, the English farmer may, in shut, take higher ground, and boldly deny that he is, in any wa y, immediate or remote, the cause of " dearness" in English meat or in English corn. The products of the English soil are necessarily dearer than the products of Con. Cner.tal countries, not rncre!y because the burdens of the 1 , 2 il i a: cal t iv ato r ago ineen parably higher titan those of sg ri euk:lrists in any qua: ter uf the world bes:des, but because in England, the standard of civilization is higher than elsewhere. Civilization is costly, in the social arrangements which it in volves, and if cheap corn and meat were introduced from other j countries into England, the labouring population of England— and all the orders above the labouring population, excepting the order of giant capitalists—would be under the necessity of descending to the level of civilisation and of comfort esta blished in the " cheap corn" countries. The English farmers, we repeat, have not caused the " dearness" cf English corn, or of English animal food. They have not, within fifty years, risen, like the membete of the Manchester Chamber of Com merce, to a level, in point of wealth, with the aristocracy of England. Their trade has, in truth, been i s eng an unprofit able one, in virtue of the fact, that the measure of protection afforded to English agriculture by the existing ,Corn-laws, is altogether inadequate to counterbalance the fearful l eressure of taxation upon their capital—taxation from which, as we have recently pointed out, manufecturing capital is altogeth. re ex empted. To talk of the " monopoly" established by the C°rne laws is preposterous. The only " monopolists" in Englat.' 4, , a:e the men who can apply their capitals to the purposes o. manufacturing production, without paying any of those crush ing W.:es to which agricultural capital is subjected in all its modes of application. The following are the sentiments of our - Contemporary on the subject of a duty on the importation of foreign Grain :—" Then, as to the combined scale and trre el2anism of the present fluctuating duty, must it not be cense, dcred intolerable that when wheat is at 70s. in England, 2474 possibly abroad at 405., the tax on imported corn should be 10s. more, besides freight and other charges? Are the mil lions of bread-eaters in England, while corn waits to be pur-. chased in foreign markets at 405,, to be debarred all access to it at a less cost when it comes here than 805., because our landed proprietors and farmers have so contrived their mutual relations that we cannot have English wheat for less than 70s. ? A fixed duty--but it ought to be a moderate one, if any—is preferable to a varying one ? It must not, of course, be a pro tecting duty, and it ought not, we think, to be a duty for reve nue ; but Merely such a duty as will cover those taxes om which the agricultural interest may fairly claim to be relieved when the existing Corn-laws shall be repealed." We must confess our utter inability to comprehend the nature of a duty, that shell be fixed—that shall not be a protecting duty—and that shall, notwithstanding, " cover" all those taxes which press unfairly upon agriculture., To " cover" taxes of that description would require, as we are prepared to establish, far higher protecting duties, than even the present Corn-laws supply. We shall return, in our next number, to the consideration of other arguments employed by our Contemporary, in reference to this great questiox. We cannot, however, bring our present observations to se close, without the expression of regret at our inability (in con sequence of the space occupied by these remarks) to grace our columns with the powerful and eloquent reasonings of the Standard in reference to this all-important subject.—Morning Herald. Another, and not a Ministerial, Journal yesterday opened its battery of big words against the Corn-laws. To do the Jour nal in question justice, however, it is upon this subject, if upon none other, consistent. It has always been, whether openly so or not, the enemy of the nobility and gentry of England. Whether in advising that their legislative influence should be torn from them under terror of the brick bat and the bludgeon, or subsequently disgracing by its obstreperous friendship those whom it had laboured to destroy, or yet again carelessly con signing them to ruin, that the money power might rule with unmitigated despotism over the land—in each, and in all, of these cases, the Times has been the enemy of the nobility and gentry of this kingdom. In our opinion, whoever is their enemy is the enemy of the whole people. Whoever assists to break down the landed aristocracy and gentry of Great Britain assists to drive the common people into slavery. and to bring the universal nation into degradation and decay. The battery opened by our Contemporary does not consist of argument, but of assertion. This was judicious, for our Contemporary is far more able in as sertion than in argument. We must concede to the new ally cf the Destructive's, that, so far as the language of asser tion goes, what it has said is not without merit. There is a coolness in its assumptions—a distinctness in its falsehoods— en audacity in its conclusions, which must be allowed to go far beyond the peers of the Ministerial and Radical writers on the same side. We must not, however, allow ourselves to be overcome, either by coolness of assumption, or distinct ness of falsehood, or audacity of conclusion. We believe it it is not possible for greater or more gross injustice to be put forward on any important qt onion than that which has been put forward by the Times of yesterday against the Corn-laws, and therefore, at whatever risk we may incur of giving dis p'easure to its friends and supporters, we feel ourselves com pe;led in the discharge of cur duty, to protest against this in justice. We deny that the present agitation against the Corn-laws is " a genuine and intelligent effort to shake off a painful load." There is no such thing as a load borne by those who are making the agita tion. It proceeds from men who say they are very rich, and whose trade is notoriously as prosperous at this moment as it has been for many years, when no such agitation has been attempted. The aria may be genuine—in so far as many of the gross and greedy manufacturing capitalists really desire to ruin the landed interest, that they may reign in its stead. It may Le called cunning, too, in so far as advantage is taken of the visitation of Providence upon our crops to give an appear ance to the operation of our Corn-laws which does not really belong to that operation ; but it is not an intelligent nor an hanest effort. It is what we yesterday said it was, a mean, money-hunting speculation —a dirty conspiracy of greedy capitalists, or pretended capitalists, which their hired tools are can:mantled to puff into a kind of importance. The Tortes-- the " Conservative" Times . I —not disputing the pleaof British landowners and farmers, that they would be involved in a com mon ruin by the repeal of the Corn-laws, seems to think dint a sufficient "answer" is given by stating that "a large propartion cf the lands now in tillage ought never to have been taken out of pasture." Ought they not indeed? fi,, then should we have been fed when we were at war with all the world ? Was it upon the European Continent, or the American, or haply the hot soil of Africa, that we were to de pend for bread in 1811 and 1812 ? The prodigious capital now vested in British agriculture, especially upon the less favourable sails, began when corn from abroad was not to be obtained. We then were thankful we bad a soil which could be made to feed our population. The capital was sunk then, and we cannot abandon it to unproductiveness without such a tide of ruin flowing in as even the British nation would not be able to stem. It is absurd and false to say that the tillage land ought not to have been taken out of pasture. It was ne cessary to take it out of pasture. that our people might be fed. The Times assorts that, by bounties and prohibi tions we have bolstered up costly and inferior grain crops, thereby making both corn and butcher's meat unnaturally dear. We deny that in ordinary seasons the corn of England is unnaturally dear. Wah re f erence to t h e general scale of prices which English habits, Eoglish currency, and above all Euglisit taxation, have introduced, the general price of corn in England is not inconsistently or unnaturally high. It is not nearly so much above the Continental price as house -rent, the wages of labour, and the scale of professional remuneration, are above the same things on the Continent. But what sig nifies all this? Absolutely nothing to the Times, for it mo il,:stly affirms that the " altet ation"—that is the repeal of the Corn-laws—" must be made," and must be made " at all (vents !" Our reply to this may be very brief, and yet long enough—the alteration must not be made. —Morning Post. It was generally anticipated in the diplomatic circles that the final award of the Conference of London on all the main questions in dispute between Holland and Belgium would have been signed on Tuesday last by the representatives of the Great Powers, including the French Ambassador. This step has not yet been taken ; but it is satisfactory to know that the delay has not been occasioned by any difference of opinion among the members of the Conference, or a disposition in any quarter to listen to suggestions from either party, calculated to entangle the proceedings, or retard the decision. Upon the important points of territorial possession, and the separation ~ f the joint debt, the representatives of the five Powers, in oledience to the instructions of their several Courts, ad here immovably to the arrangement described in this Journal several weeks. ago. Attempts to disturb this arrangement have not been wanting, but they have served only to strengthen the conviction of the Conference that no alteration can be admitted without violating the pre cepts of prudence, justice, and honour. In this conviction the Conference remains unanimous and inflexible. A week or two may probably elapse before the signature of the final award takes place. There are some minor points relating to the river and canal navigation which connects Belgium and Holland, or in which the two countries are jointly interested, that were intended to stand over for future consideration. It has been resolved, however, within the last few days, that the award shall embrace these minor points, as well as the more important and interesting questions of territory and debt ; and the necessity of communicating with the Hague, Brussels, and Paris previous to fixing the precise terms of the award in reference to the a b ove ques ti ons o f i n f er i or int e rest we are informed a n d b e li eve , th e so l e cause o f th e p o stponeoentosie Morning Post. The Ministerial prints are exceedingly indignant with tig,. because we have not changed our opinions respecting the Corn-laws, and they give vent to their anger after their accustomed fashion. They lay about them most lustily with what Mr. C. Buller called their favourite weapon, namely, " enormous lying." They seem to have profited by the ob jurgation which Sheridan is reported to have addressed to bit son, who excused himself for going down a coal. pit, on the ground that he wished to say he had been down one. " Could you not have said so without going down ?" was the bland re proach of that easy moralist. So, when the Ministerial Swiss informed their employers that the Times had not changed its opinions respecting the Corn-laws, their moral masters appear to have replied, "No ; but you can say it has." They have proved their capability. They have said so. As usual, its all dirty and discreditable work the Palmerston print takes the lead, with this slender foundation for its falsehood— namely, that from the very b-ginning we n arned the country gentlemen that the New Poor-law Act must necessarily hasten the repeal of the Corn-laws. We saw them eagerly snatching at the miserable savings which were promised them by that measure at the expense of the poor, and we told them this would be the consequence of their unwise and unfeeling conduct. At first the Ministerial prints, and especially the Palmerston print, told us that this was a mere malicious in vention of our own. A few months ego, however, that very print gave rather prematurely an indication of the game the Ministers were about to play. We pounced upon the passage, and called the attention of the agricultural interest to it, as evidence of the truth of our prediction. This is called a change of opinion on our part, and, by consequence, what we said yesterday is represented as another change ; but every reader of this Journal knows perfectly well that for twenty three years past we have invariably set our faces against that enormous tax . which is l ev i e d by the Corn laws upon the commumty t I.lr,ge for the benefit of a • , aw . The crawling Courier co mes next, and, with its characteristic sneakingness, rather insinuates than asserts the change of opinion which the other Treasury hire ling charges against us positively but as this poor blockhead V.) tnt, on Lod all , was enlay, Dun- n the )n the owed =, and eak y, the ffee state ould ney-