The Sun. — London, England, 1844-12-11 00:00:00

; W S were ia nged Shares tr, 5 7 ; 13* ; • 225 ; [tester, 221 ; 26k; .r and , e ffield Treat Paris )10 1 lie g ' gas; ;ion r yeti feu kg four ve re' g in ns biol e Nnion!.! 'ive 371; Cent." h ss j$ onto" g 102% A loc. • 1 . 1 " . it O g 'A. ,0 ,O 0 0 A go COWES, ISLE OF WIGHT. (FRO OUR. WN CORRESPONDENT.) thDE c• 10 . —Arr M ived, t O he Danish gall of Flora, Captain iehol son, from Newport (Wales), for Hamburgh; also, Cm ° 1411 ( ) vvrian galliot Rena, Captain Holland, from th—z; both having received considerable damage, and o ,e latter lost one man, from coming in contact, at five a h e i l ; e ti on . the morning ' of the 9th inst : and the Dutch for arta Susanna Hendrika, of and from Amsterdam, fro Batavia to repair damages, having been foul of a rotr liot in ;he . North Sea, name unknown, which, it is hi the North Sea, name unknown, which, it is dared, foundered with all hands. The ship has a atholie Bishop and several other gentlemen on board. late J o h n M oore , E sq ., has left his beautiful '" 'nt, the Reindeer, to Spencer de Horsey, Esq. Tli-D LATE RAILWAY ACCIDENT I IEAR NOTTINGHAM—ANOTHER DEATH. a s erers TUESDAY, DEC. 10.—Another of the by the recent awful collision an the Midland C 6 _,0l railway, expired this morning. His name is Boles /17°g% and he was landlord of the Three Horseshoes rt ,: , ,on the Derby-road, in this town. The injuries he v„, e ,'red at the moment of the accident were compare trivial, and bp to Sunday last every hope was however, of his complete restoration. On that day, a ti Z ev er, very unfavourable symptoms became apparent, .after lingering in great agony about thirty hours, -e di e d . in r ha Borough Coroner, M. Browne, Esq., has issued e T ili onses for an in qu isition on the body, to sit at six ick thi s evening. h e imminent danger of another sufferer by the col ton, Roberts of Leicester, a commercial traveller, 41 be judged of by the fact, that a quart of brandy has to n a dministered to him every day since the accident, eoTrevent death from sheer exhaustion. It will be re theicted that this sufferer underwent an amputation of The and other severe operations. other sufferers are progressing favourably. pe e j trial of Mr. Lightfoot, for manslaughter, is ex rattitb commence on Saturday next, before Mr. Jus so ERIMENTS IN THE MARSHES Li ° I S L'ivICEI, DEC. 10.—Lieut.-Colonel Dancey, C. 8., Chalmer, Assistant Director-General of and a number of officers, attended at half-past ti tu Y : ock yesterday in the Marshes, to witness the con- Poi, -41 " of the experiments with extra charges of t at "el', and at a greater distance than point blank NZ' , Which were interrupted by the number of vessels p ft ,l n g in the river opposite the practice ground on the th ' i°4s Wednesday. The tide being just on the turn of -e e xperiments were about to commence, the number Ossels passing down the river were so great, and in close succession to each other, that it was past V e n o'clock before a single shot could be fired. toi i ,t'Y after that hour an opportunity offering, three t h 'l B were fired with shells fitted with Mr. Marsh's e4—,78 formed of wood, and fitted with four copper ,7 , filled with meal powder, and attached with ars marine glue, over which a small piece of tt ki "ge paper was placed, sized with the same sub ee lao i ' as an additio n al protector, and the result was Ilie t. lC u ccessful, the 32-pounder shells and the 68-pounder kat.:all striking the bulk head or target, and exploding 42: 44 talleously by the force of the concussion. The first litittnider shell that was fired, and the 68-pounder. the w hen passing through the wooden bulkhead, and Nether 32 pounder shell, on striking the object against sp e o lt it Was directed, at 600 yards' distance. The guns tlieji, a gain charged and supplied with two 32-pounder ti etth _and one 68-pounder shell, fitted with fuzees, on tlitlrnaht-Colonel Dansey's plan, and attached to the 4 0 4 4 i mmediately before firing. The 68-pounder tou t i lki ld one of the 32-pounder shell.; burst instantan tt 0 11 striking the bulkhead, with excellent effect, e first fired, having entered the ground a few yards t,lor i ° j t of the target, did not explode until the expire 4eticti t en seconds, the period required to burn the full krld L. o r the fuzee. The experiments with Mr. Marsh's leu tenant-Colonel Dancey's fuzees have fully an itar"e d th e expectations and end of the inventors, and eliard evidence that they can be fired with extra fro 4eB of powder, and still be perfectly safe and free th e least apprehension of danger to those using ttixee Three shells were then fitted with Mr. Tyers's formed of brass or gun metal, with a groove in bar n t 0 cause them to break by percussion ; but they all d iv oukt withinis a few yards of the mouth of the guns, an h„"Pe been most dangerous to troops at fifty or 40 r ,Zred yards in advance, and, consequently, unfit t ker t a- It e e- Mr. Ty ers simply tried the experiment to kate t in if it would be possible to render the an thou -1 of these fuzees lying in store in the Ro Ar tied availabl e in the new mode of shell practice, dhe hat e th e groov e w i t h an eas ily fused metal, but he must the t , e ,akened th e f uzees so m uch that they broke in Or r e "° ll of firing, and burst at the mouth of the gun, pi ew yard 3 in advance. The other wooden fuzef a are the e and saf e , and certain of effect, as the result of ex periment has shown ; and by a coating . of marine 4 ltir s i b tili xed with mineral poison, in the opinion of Mr. *hit, ' t aaY be preserved for a long period from the or oth n . ts of tropical climates, or the damps and frosts parts of the world. "EAT RE ROYAL, DUBLIN. O n (Abrid ged from the Du bl in E ven i ng P ac k e t.) At r ThurBcl sY evening last the tragedy of the Game ster sk eti e P r esented, Mr. and Mrs. Kean supporting the re lily," C haracte rs of Beverley and Mrs. Beverley, and No‘-alcaft that o f St u k e ly. Mr. C. Kean's personal tafer,ments are above those of his father, but strikingly Lehi to those of J. Kemble. Slight, neat, and scarcely N e ut r ag the middle height, his direction is plainly to the St ilt l lll and the polished. His features declare at the edit g lan ce his intellectual vigour and nervous irrita ntoe,', Itis eye discourses. He is great in those cha- I lic -8 of Shakspeare in which his father excell?d—in hard •-•, and Hamlet especially—in Massinger s Sir ewer' which he exhibits the same fearful 11 - 1, 4 . he vanquishes the obstacles nature has e , 11 `. 1 to him in Macbeth by the force of mind. vtl i allst hasten at once to that display of his ability tep e e' as we esteem it, constitutes the supreme excel % a m acting—the part of Beverley. Here we have r itthe l ar nPle of a talent which neither Kemble nor his soft r i )o ssessed—the portraiture of domestic life — of a st e l e noble nature betrayed, deformed, and brought to t i n i e.l4, 6B ruin, and the last and most awful catastrophe— Ilighly as we have praised the performance of 41 $11 4 D faa res tragedy, - we are not afraid to award still ke ml er are to that of Moore's. The attributes of Mr. ti t b:; a h aeting in both were the same. The same absorp- t it C e same identity. But this grand distinction may- N o ' c r. In Beverley one and the same fatal passion. ,t`l°Us of v.ariug its shades only according to the grads tinsery by which its indulgence overwhelmns its. 'aps e Paroxysm follows paroxysm—remorse and re -4011.' Pathos and passion, alternate in fearful succes- Ni ne put i n t h e con d uc t o f these gradations the tetit 4r t 'Y art of the actor is displayed. Never, we will eiv, z t° affirm, has there been so powerful, so terrific -"thition of ruin and desperation as in the lice ) Uf the third act, where, after the total destruc -1°11„ Beverley's last hope, he rushes from the , eh it - C ur il of the gaming-house. We never witnessed. ~- I )4o° l onment of all personal regards, such bursts. ii - N,,l ) nate invective, such a blending of distortion and ,Z B so ;:°° in the features, such hoarse and horrifying: -4 °, 1 at ri t,":"" of tone and inflexion, such a conflict of the ;1. 4 a4 ri ble emotions. The test was the sympathy of z,emi,,,,'"ee, which not even this stormy vehemence in -4 11 41 ,"test degree interrupted. The last effects were l 'al e t e touching. The scene, a prison—the persons, IPr o ', 4 , sister, and a friend—the incidents, a hope and geti - "` S e of happiness restored—the author and the r 4t , d „ °° lned by adespair so dread as even to . forbid the, f i tt ; - o " u ree of the wretche 1, appeal to Divine mercy, n Tting the commission of suicide and closing in g ... "! / LI these in rapid evolution presented a comb.ina % °lstntelerably harassing yet of an interest so rivet -I,l4ttlient,,`tt We have never, to our recollection, seen— tlfr' or personally experienced an effect so awful.. ft, " " iftIVB may add one peculiar trait. A medical man, *-ri essed the performance, said to the writer of d eath title Kean must have watched the progress of tlou 80Y Poison. It is utterly incredible that an imita tivej minutely, so terribly accurate, could have been. I ;,elki er unt from actual observation.' But enough— the not need any recital of the other varieties. h lutturttsf Dean we have no more to say, than that her tou ch ; and delicate delineations of the tender an uttill4Draet;:l)li:e:iments of female character have stood and. -1114 as far above all challenge as they do above all h e l oh ß PAN DORA .—Th e race o f Brownies does not tlaer t l e xclusively to Scotland. In Normandy, this h o w little community is or was (for utilitarianism has far e l e e t l, cut the f a i ry folk from all their strongholds , and k ite r 3 lad s and lasses read penny magazines, and ndeeviuer sioilY\ their labours lightened by any such swee t Iver:', k nown by the name of esprits servans. They th an - ",warfs, but they worked far more unremittingly rat.;ithe stalwart children of earth. They delighted in reite - „ °e enpations. They would share the labours of the sp b l rB at harvest time, help the maidens to gathe r Lai ,? 8, and th e lads to garden—of course always remain th"lvisible to mortal eyes. They would bring back .4 .tp„., cattle to the fold, and during the long winter d l h 4 -14 they would come and sit amidst fishermen an spk,erds, and close the useful labours of the day by !tit —ll ,„g!lax- When they depart, they fling a ball of flax "ire o e t f ; and the thread unrolls itself in an upward to t C°n, and serves as a railway to conduct them back the r eftinns of the air. Vit t "ODS IN THE RIVER N ESS .—At thi s ti me , the • " rages of our southern Contemporaries teem w alks, --he°llints of public meetings on the subjects of atte n , ; " lt tna, and oth e r i m provements, we would direct to the neglccted state of the Islands in the v er -s . Wher e walks of unrivalled beauty lie almost at our ( 4' Yd°°r s, but whi c h, f rom th e dilapidated condition these connecting bridges, are as unapproachable as if of 3 t ;_ w ere sit uated in the wilds of Siberia, or i n the midst 1 1 , 3 10 Gr eat Desert of Africa. It is next to a miracle Idea cur spirited townsmen could so long tolerate the atio 13f. debarring themselves from the pleasure of luxuri the "log the thickets spread over the islands, when li to , s t ncunt of time required to transport them from the e kee ,ItIA streets to these umbrageous shades, would not th e r e ." ten minutes. The bridge on the Bu ht side of Wh. l . v er la broken down and half covered with water. ey e ' s " will strangers think of us when they cast their diffi e r 7 l nor b eautifully -wooded islands and find them es hide't of access as if the trees were covered with for.. who fruit ? What will the multitudinous Sassenaich, e7r:rverrtoiineg our streets and climb our rugged mountains the Y_eautumn, have to report of us when they repair to plains of England, bearing in their mind's t ~hat the sweetest scene around the very capital of the tiighlands is allowed to lie waste and desert, from lituseli,ll:l(za c r .o ra u n r e i :: . end intetivity of our inhabitants ? Pe e l k Robert Peel's fourth son, Mr. John Floyd li l dust entered the Scots Fusilier Guards as En eutenant. FUNERAL of the LATE PRINCESS SOPHIA MATILDA. The funeral procession of her late Royal Highness tha? Princess Sophia Matilda arrived at St. George's Ch. yel at twenty minutes past eight o'clock yester day evening, its approach being announced by the mi y band playing the Dead March in " Saul." T lie Earl Delawarr, Lord Chamberlain of her Ma jesty's Household, and Sir Charles Young, Garter Ki).3g of Arms, received the royal corpse at the en tra nexe of the Chapel, where also'a number of the ladies and: gentlemen who formed part of the procession, and the Dean and Canons of Windsor, were assembled. Tkie procession moved down the south aisle, the choir singing, " I am the resurrection and the life." (Craft.) After the Pages of her late Royal Highness came the medical attendant of the Princess, Mr. W. F. Wa:ttsford ; Colonel Berkeley Drummond, Groom in Waiting to the Queen ; Captain Francis Seymour, Gi!oorn in Waiting to Prince Albert; the Earl of lla-rdwicke, Lord in Waiting to the Queen ; and 1 4 ,4 : rd George Lennox, Lord in Waiting to Prince All pert. `The Choir of Windsor. The Canons of 'Windsor. The Dean of Windsor. The Lord Chamberlain of her Majesty's Household, aving on his right Sir William Martins, Gentleman I Isher, and on his left Sir Noel Harris, Gentleman Usher. The Coronet of her Royal Highness, on a black velvet cushion, borne by Sir Archibald Murray, Bart. The Body, covered with a black velvet pall, and adorned with eight escutcheons - of her late Royal Highness's arms. The Pall, supported at the feet by Mrs. George :Banks and Mrs. Morier, and at the head by the Hon. :Mrs. Henry Legge and the Hon. Mrs. William Cust; Sir Charles Young, Garter Principal King of Arms, .carrying his sceptre and wearing his badge of office, supported on each side by a Gentleman Usher. The Chief Mourner, the Countess of Gainsborough, veiled, her train borne by Miss Waldegrave, veiled. I 'he Countess was supported on the right by Lady C 'ardiner, veiled, and on the left by the Hon. Mrs. B 'rand, veiled. The Executors and Executrixes named in the will ,of her late Royal Highness :—The Hon. H. Legge, :Mr. George Bankes, Cursitor Baron, the Lady Alicia Gordon, and Miss Cotes. The Ladies invited :—Lady Georgiana Bathurst, Lady in Waiting on the Duchess of Gloucester; Lady Fanny Howard, Lady in Waiting on the „Duchess of Kent; Lady Caroline Murray, and Miss "V yse. The Gentlemen invited :—Sir John Morillyon V "ilson, of the Queen Dowager's Household ; Baron Knesebeek, Equerry to the Duke of Cambridge ; tOolonel Sir George Couper, Bart., first Equerry to tile Duchess of Kent ; the Hon. Captain Liddell, first Equerry to the Duchess of Gloucester; L ord Wrottesley, Captain Fead, R.N., the Hon. M ajor Legge, the Hon. Captain Waldegrave, the Ilion. and Rev. Charles Leslie Courtcnay, and the Rss v. Mr. Cotes. 'The procession passed up the nave into the choir, , where the coffin was placed upon the tressles, the fe et- towards the altar, and the coronet and cushion la id upon the coffin. The Chief Mourner and sup p orters, the Lord Chamberlain, Garter King of Arms, and the Executors, taking their respective places ; the ;Ladies seating themselves on the south side, and the Gentlemen opposite, with the exception of the Lord ;and Groom in Waiting, who took their stations be :hind the Ladies. 1 The Burial Service commenced ' • the Psalms , chanted were Purcell's single chant in G minor. The Dean of Windsor read the lesson, after which the choir sang the anthem, " When the ear heard ! her, then it blessed her; she delivered the poor that • eried."—(Handel.) After which the procession moved to the grave, ;when the choir sang " Man that is born of a woman," the verse by Purcell, " Thou knowest, Lord, the secrets of our hearts." The Dean of 'Windsor read file prayer, " Forasmuch as it bath pleased Almighty C lod.' The choir then sang " I heard a voice from . 4 rieaven " (Croft). The Dean of Windsor read the Lord's Prayer, and afterwards the prayer, " Al mighty God, with whom do live the spirits." The 'choir sang the second anthem, " Her body is buried -in peace, but her name liveth evermore" (Handel). The Dean of Windsor then concluded the service by -the two final prayers.—Garter then proclaimed her ;late Royal Highness's style. At the conclusion of the service Dr. Elvey, who presided at the organ, played the Dead March in " Saul." The body was deposited in the vault near the Sovereign's stall. His Royal Highness Prince Albert attended the mournful ceremony, and sat in his stall. The Prince wore the uniform of a Field-marshal, with the ensigns of the Most Noble Order of the Garter and • the Golden Fleece, and a mourning scarf. The Marquis of Exeter, Groom of the Stole, and 'Major-General Sir Edward Bowater, Equerry, were in waiting on his Royal Highness. The ceremony was concluded at half-past nine. :- e rtiE _SUN., LONDON, WEDNESDAY _EVENING, _DECEMBER 11, 1344. COURT CIRCULAR. The Queea and Prince Albert, and their illus trious visitors, took their usual walks at Claremont yesterday and on Monday. The Prince left Clare mont yesterday afternoon, attended by Sir Edward Bowater, for Windsor astle, to attend the funeral of her late Royal Highness the Princess Sophia Matilda. Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wale 3 and the Princess Royal were taken their airings yester day and on Monday at. Claremont. A deputation from the Dublin and Drogheda Rail way and Dublin and Belfast Junction Railway, con sisting of Mr. Henry Hutton, Mr. Wm. Evans, Mr. Robert Hutton, Mr. D. Darbishire, Sir J. Macneill, and Mr. Peter Eckersley, had an interview with Lord Dalhousie yesterday, at the office of the Board of Trade. Colonel Brownlow transacted business yesterday with Lord Dalhousie. The Marquis of Downshire, and a deputation from the Newry and Enniskillen Railway Company, had an interview with Lord Dalhousie yesterday. LITERATURE. BRITISH AND FOREIGN REVIEW. No. 35. Taylor, London, 1844. The q ualifications of M. Eugene Sue—the author of the " Mysteries of Paris," which have created such an unprecedented sensation on the Continent—as a moralist, and a writer of fiction, are ably discussed in this Number. The Reviewer, who is no admirer of M. Sue, but who does not condemn without giving reasons for the faith that i 3 in him, asserts that he is one of the most immoral and dangerous writers of the modern French school of fiction, and alluding, in particular, to his " Mysteries of Paris," says, " The work has now found its way into thousands of English houses—thanks to its amazing popularity— thanks also to its almost unparalleled immorality. No one has denounced it as a bad and execrable book ; the consequence has been, that no one has thought it bad. Its licentiousness, its hideous pic tures of civilised depravity, its bold attacks on exist ing society, and its outrage of existing laws, have al been relished ; the feverish excitements which the hook produces on most readers, has been openly in dulged, and openly proclaimed." This is severe censure, but from the extracts we have seen from the notorious work in question, we incline to think it is by no means undeserved. But a reckless disregard of all moral and religious considerations seems to be the chief characteristics of the modern French novelists, who, provided that they can make a deep t impression on their readers' feelings, care not by what means that impression is produced. The " Late Revolution in Greece" is a summary of the principal political events that have taken place in that ill-fated country since the accession of the Bavarain Otho to the throne, and is penned by one who is familiar with the subject on which he expatiates , and who takes a deep interest in the welfare of the Greeks. "Educa tion in India" advocates the introduction of a general system of instruction among the inhabitants of that vast continent, as being the surest means to prevent dissaffection, and attach the people to the Govern ment by a bond of common union. The article is written in a very frank, temperate, and liberal spirit. In the critical essay on the "Faust of Goethe and Marlowe," the Reviewer greatly underrates the talents of the old English dramatist, the conclusion of whose play of Doctor Faustus is unquestionably more impressive than any scene to be found in Goethe's Faust. On the whole, the Number is a good, but by no means, a superior one. ABD-EL-KADER AGAIN.—The National states, that according to a private letter from Oran, the Colonel of the 2d Regiment of Hussars, who was detached with his regiment at Sebdon, having gone to shoot game with the surgeon and some privates of his regiment, was sur rounded by a number of Arabs, who carried off the en tire party. It is supposed that this feat was performed by some of Abd-el-Kader's troops, who are encamped on the frontiers of Algeria. " This fact," adds the writer of the letter, " demonstrates that no advantage has been gained by the treaty of peace with Morocco." THE WEATHER IN PARIS.—The winter has set in very vigorously in Paris. At six o'clock in the morning of Saturday the thermometer indicated 7 deg. 2 min. (centigrade). In 1838, the coldest winter experienced in Paris since 1829, the same thermometer descended to 19 deg. at the Observatory. The river freezes at 9 deg. The snow which fell at the beginning of the month occa sioned obstructions to the traffic on the railroad. Be tween Rouen and Pont de l'Arche the snow that co vered the rails was so hard, that the train had to atop in the last station until the arrival - of a second engine. The mails from Lyons, Geneva, Mar seilles, Havre, and Strasburgb, reached Paris many hours after their usual time. An immense number of migratory birds hay. , of late bet a .bserved t; pa 4.3 0‘ Pr the towns situate along the Channel , particularly wild ducks and geese, curlews, plovers, &c.—a circum s tance considered by the inhabitants as the sure sigh of a rigorous winter. THE SMITHFIELD CLUB. CHRISTMAS CATTLE SHOW. . The annual show of oxen, sheep, pigs, &c., exhi libited for the prizes given by this club opens to-day to the public at the Horse Bazaar, King-street, Port man-square. Yesterday the judges, Messrs. Worth ington, Ladds, Franklin, Morris, Farncomb, and Crisp, were employed in examining the numerous animals in the stalls and pens, and in deciding upon their respective merits. The award of prizes is sub joined. The arrangements, under the superintendence of Mr. Bulnois, the proprietor of the bazaar, are such as will insure universal satisfaction. Notwithstanding the greatly increa , ed number, both of oxen and sheep, exhibited, as com p are d w ith former years, room and accommodation:have been found for all, and sufficient space is also left for those who go to inspect or view them to do so without inconvenience or being crowded. The ventilation is excellently contrived, and the enormous temporary building under which the stock are disposed, being of tent cloth, is much better adapted for a purpose of this sort than a wooden building would be, because, whilst it suffi ciently protects from the weather, it enables the vapour arising from the animals to escape without being in any way offensive. Toe arrangements for lighting are also good; indeed, the whole is entitled to praise, and has, it is understood, met the approba tion of Lord Spencer, the president, and the mem bers of the club. The show this year surpasses both in numbers and the quality of the things exhibited any former years. The Leicester sheep and the Southdown sheep are of the first quality, and the oxen and cows are many of them very superb specimens. The pigs are also good. It will be seen that his Royal Highness Prince Albert has obtained the second prize for pigs. His Royal Higkisss has also sent a remarkably fine polled ox, of the Bcotah breed, which has been highly com mended, by the judges, although it has not obtained a prize, Lord Spencer has not been so successful as some former years, though he has obtained a prize. The Duke of Bedford has obtained several prizes, and the Duke of Richmond is also amongst the winners. The implements of husbandry and the other things connected with husbandry are more than usually numerous. The following is the list of the prizes and the names of the winners : OXEN. Class I.—Oxen or steers of any breed, under 5 years old, without restrictions as to feeding, yet the kind or kinds of food must be certified. Mr. John Hudson, of Castle-acre, near Swaffham, Norfolk, a 3 years and 10 months old Hereford ox, bred by Mr. John Longroore, of Orlton, near Leominster, and fed on grass, hay, swedes, linseed-cake, and man gold-wurzel. Travelled to the show by van 100 miles. —Second prize, 154 Mr. T. L. Meire, of Cound Arbor, near Shrewsbury, Shropshire, a 3 years and 11 months old Hereford ox, bred by himself, and fed on cake, pea and barley-meal, boiled barley, grains, grass, hay, turnips, and mangold wurzel. Travelled to the show on foot 2 miles, by van 7 miles, canal-boat 50 miles, and by railway 100 miles.— Third prize, 101. Mr. Robert Smith, of Burley-on-the-Hill, near Oak ham, Rutland, a 3 years and 114 months old improved short-horned steer, bred by himself, and fed on oilcake, barley and bean-meal, vegetables, and hay. Travelled to the show by van 20 miles, and by railway 100 miles. —First prize, 20/., and silver medal. Class 2.—Oxen or steers, of any breed, under 6 years old, weight 90 stone and upwards, that shall not have had cake, corn, meal, seeds, grains, or distillers' wash, during 12 months previous to the Ist of August, 1844. Mr. James Bult, of Kingston, near Taunton, Somerset, a 4 years and 10 months old short-horned steer, bred by himself, and fed on hay, grass, swede turnips, 3001 b. of flax-seed, 5 bushels of peas, 11 bushels of barley, and 9 bushels of beans. Travelled to the show on foot 5 miles, and by railway 163 miles.—First prize, 301, and silver medal. Sir John Henry Palmer, Bart., of Carlton, near Rockingham, Northampton, a 4 years and 2 months old Durham ox, bred by himself, and fed on grass, hay, turnips, carrots, mangold-wurzel, cabbage, 1,5451 b. of oilcake, and 4351 b. of bean meal. Travelled to the show by van 25 miles, and by railway 60 miles.—Third prize, 101. Mr. J. T. Senior, of Broughton house, near Ayles bury, a 4 years and 8 months old Hereford ox, bred by Mr. James Nash, of Aconbury, near Hereford, and fed on grass, hay, 9601 b. of oilcake. Travelled to the show on toot 4 miles, and by railway 43 miles.—Second prize, 201. Class 3.—Oxen or steers, of any breed, under 5 years old, under 100 stone and above 70 stone, that shall not have had cake, corn, meal, seeds, grains, or distillers' wash, during 14 months previous to the Ist of August, 1844. His Grace the Duke of Bedford, of Park-farm, near Woburn, Bedfordshire, a 4 years old Hereford ox, bred by his Grace, and fed on grass, green tares, hay, turnips, 5001 b. of linseed-meal, and 5001 b. of barley-meal. Tra velled to the show by van 42 miles.—First prize, 151, and silver medal. Mr. Henry Chamberlain, of Desford, near Leicester, a 4 years and 10 months old Hereford ox, bred by him self, and fed on grass, hay, green vetches, turnips, 8101 b. of cake, and 6951 b. of pea-meal. Travelled to the show on foot 10 miles, and by railway 102 miles.—Sccond prize, 101. Class 4.—Oxen or steers, of - any Icr.cred, not 4 years and 3 months mu", Etna tauter 80 stone, that shall not have had cake, corn, meal, seeds, grains, or dis tillers' wash, during 12 months previous to the Ist of August, 1844. Ili; Grace the Duke of Bedford, of Park-farm, near Woburn, a 3 years and 9 months old Hereford ox, bred by his Grace, and fed on grass, green tares, hay, turnips, 5001 b. of barley-meal, and 5001 b. of linseed-meal. Tra velled to the show on foot 3 miles, by van 6 miles, and by railway 41 miles.—First prize, 101., and silver medal. Mr. John Manning, of Harpole, near Northampton, a 3 years and 10 months old Hereford ox, bred by Mr. James Williams, of C u l m i ngton, near Ludlow, and fed on grass, hay, 8501 b. of cake, and 4 bushels of bean meal. Travelled to the show on foot 7 miles, and by railway 691 miles.—Second prize, 51. Class 5. Oxen or steers, of any breed, under 4 years and 6 months old, and under 80 stone weight, with out restrictions as to feeding, yet the kind or kinds of food must be specified. Mr. W. J. Bailey, of Shenley-house, Stoney Stratford, Bucks, a 3 years and 8 months old Hereford steer, bred by Mr. W. Wheeler, of Ivington-park, naar Leomin ster, and fed on grass, hay, and cake. Travelled to the show on foot 5 miles, and by railway 50 miles.—First prize, 10/., and silver medal. COWS AND HEIFERS. Class 4.—Fattened cows or heifers, under 5 years. Free • martins and spayed heifers not qualified. Mr. H. Brown, of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicestershire, a 4 years and 6 months old Durham heifer, bred by himself, and, fed on oilcake, barley, crass, cabbage, Swedish turnip, and hay. Travelled to the show by van 25 miles, and by railway 96 miles.—First prize, 201., gold medal, and silver medal. The Right Hon. Earl Spencer, of Wiseton, near Bawtry, Nottinghamshire, a 4 years and 5 months old short-horned cow, bred by his Lordship, and fed on hay, turnips, cabbages, pea-meal, barley-meal, and oilcake. Travelled to the how by van 20 miles, and by railway 172 miles.—Second prize, 101. Sir T. Whichcote, Bart., of Aswarby-park, near Folk ingham, Lincolnshire, a 4 years and 5 months old Dur ham heifer, bred by himself, and fed on linseed-cakes, bean-meal, oatmeal, hay, and vegetables. Travelled to the show by van 38 miles, and by railway 107 miles. — Third prize, 51. Class 7.—Fattened cows or heifers, of 5 years old and upwards. Free martins and spayed heifers not qualified. Mr. John Beasley, of Chapel Brampton, near North ampton, a 5 years and 4 months old short-horned cow, bred by himself, and fed on grass, turnips, mangold wurzel, hay, linseed cake, and oatmeal. Travelled to the show by van nine miles, and by railway 60 miles.— First prize, 201., and silver medal. Mr. John Carwardine, of Marsh, near Leominster, a 5 years and 11 mon th s o ld H ere f or d cow , b re d by the late Mr. Johu Morris, of Stratford Bury, near Leotnin ster, and fed on grass and oilcake. Travelled to the show on foot 48 miles, and by railway 113 miles. Has had one calf.—Second prize, 51. Class S.—Fattened cows, of 5 years old and upwards, that shall have had at least two live calves at separate births. Major Brown, of Welbourn, near Grantham, Lincoln shire, a 13 years old short-horned cow, bred by himself, and fed on linseed cakes, swedes, turnips, hay, clover, and lucerne. Travelled to the show by van 49 miles, and by railway 100 miles. Has had six calves.—Second prize, 51 Mr. J. Burgess. of Holme Pierrepont, near Notting ham, a 7 years and 5 months old short-horned cow, bred by Mr. Robert Burgess, of Cotsgrove-place, Nottingham, and fed on cake, beans, vegetables, and hay. Travelled to the show by van five miles, and by railway 136 miles. Has had three calves.—First prize 151., and silver medal. EXTRA STOCK.—CATTLE. Mr. R. Morton, of Peakill, near Spalding, Lincoln shire, a 4 years and 8 months old short-horned ox, bred by himself, and fed on linseed, turnips, cabbages, and carrots. Travelled to the show by van 55 miles, and by railway 70 miles.—Silver medal. SHEEP. Class 9.--Long-wooled fat wether sheep, 1 year old, than ~:have never had cake, corn, meal, seeds, or pulse. Mr. J. S. Burgess, of Holme Pierrepont, Nottingham shire, a pen of three 20 months old long-woolled wethers, bred by'himself.—First prize 20/., and silver medal. Mr. Thomas Twitchell, of Wellington, near St. Neots, Bedfordshire, a pen of three 20 months old Leicester wethers, bred by himself, from rams hired of Mr. Samuel Bennett, of Bickerings-park, near Woburn, Bedfordshire. —Second prize, 51. Class 10.—Long-woolled fat wether sheep, 1 year old, under 8 stone weight, that have never had cake, corn, meal, seeds, or pulse. ' Mr. J. S. Burgess, of Holme Pierrepont, Nottingham shire, a pen of three 20 months old long-woolled wethers, bred by himself.—Prize, 101., and silver medal. Class 11.—Long-woolled fat wether sheep, 1 year old, without restrictions as to feeding. Iris Grace the Duke of Bedford, of Oakley West Farm, Bedford, a pen of three 20 months old New Leicester wethers, bred by his Grace.—First prize, 201., gold !medal, and silver modal. Mr. John Painter, of Burley, near Oakham, Rutland, v. pen of three 21 months old new Leicester wethers, bred by himself, from e. ram hired of fir. Thurpe, of Clifton, Nottinghamshire.—Second prize, 5/. Class 12.—Long and short-woolled cross-bred fat wether sheep, 1 year old, without restrictions as to feeding. Mr. W. Bennett, of Lewse. Farm, near Dunstable, Bedfordshire, a pen of three . 2l months old Down and Leicester cross wethers, bred by himself.--Second prize, 51. Mr. C. Toinson, of Sundon, bear Luton, Beds, a pen of three 2l inorahs old Southdcwn and Gloucester cross wether%, bred by himself.—First prize, 101, and silver medal. EXTRA STOCK.—LONGAVOOLLED SHEEP. Mr. Charles Large, of Broalwell, Oxfordshire, a 56 months old New OxfOrdshire ewe, bred by hiras.elf.— Silver medal. Class 13.—Short-woolled fat wther sheep, 1 year old. restrietions,ts to feeding. His Grace the Duke of llichoond, of Goodwood, near Chichester, Sussex, a pen of time 20 months old South down wethers, bred by hit Grace.—Second prize, 51. Mr. Samuel Webb, of Babfaham, near Cambridge, a pen of three 20 months old Southdown wethers, bred by Mr. J. Webb, of Babraham.--Tirst prize, 201. and silver meth'. Class 14.—Short-woolled fat %I-ether sheep, 1 year old, under eight stone weight, vithout restrictions as to feeding. Mr. Henry Upton, of Oving, near Chichester, Sussex, a pen of three :20 months old Southdown wethers, bred by Mr. A. Pinnix.—Prize, 101., gold medal, and silver medal. Class 15 .—Short-woolled fat wether sheep, 2 years old, without restrictions as to feeding. Mr. E. G. Barnard. M.P., of Gosfleld Hall, near Hal stead, Essex, a pen of three M months old Southdown wethers, bred by himself.—F.rst prize, 201. and silver medal. Mr. Stephen Grantham, of Stoneham, Sussex, a pen of three 32 month, old Southdown wethers, bred by him sdlf.—See nil 5/. EXTRA sTocK..—SHORT-WOOLLED SHEEP. Mr. John Harris, of Hinton, near Abingdon, Berk shire, a 21 months old Southdown va;thcr, bred by him self.— Silver medal. PIGS. Class 16.—Pigs, of any breed, above 13 and under 26 weeks n!cl. His Royal Highness Prince Albert, of Windsor Castle, a pen of three 25 weeks and 4 days old Suffolk and Bedfordshire pigs, bred by hit Royal Highness, and fed on milk, barleymeal, and peal:val.—Second prize, 5/. Mr. W. P. Hobbs, of Marks-hall, near Kelvedon, Essex, a pen of three 25 weeks ant 4 days old improved Essex pigs, bred by himself, and fed on oats, peas, meal, potatoes, mangold-wurzel, and nil:lL—First prize, 101. vnd silrer medal. Class 17.—Pigs: of any breed, above 26 and under 52 weeks.old. Mr. J. Buckley, of Normanton-hill, near Loughbo rough, Nottingha►nshire, a pen of three 27 weeks and. 2 days old Neapolitan and Warwickshire pigs, bred by himself, and fed on barley-flour.—First prize, 101. and silver medal. The Right lion. the Earl of Radnor, of Coleshill, near Faringdon, Berks, a pen of three 44 weeks and 1 day old Coleshill pigs, bred by his Lordship, and fed on whey, barleymeal, and potatoes.—Second prize, 5/. EXTRA STOCK.—PIGS. _ _ _ Mr. W. F. Hobbs, of Marks-hall, near Kelvedon, Eisex, a 25 weeks and 4 days old improved Essex pig, bred by himself, and fed on oats, peas, meal, potatoes, mangold-wurzel, and milk.—Silver medal. NEW ZEALAND. The following is the report of the Select Committee appointed " to inquire into the state of the colony of New Zealand, and into the proceedings of the New Zealand Company" : The duty assigned to your Committee of inquiring into the state of the colony of New Zealand, and into the proceedings of the New Zealand Company, and of reporting their opinion thereupon to the House," they have found to be one of no ordinary difficulty and deli cacy. An attempt at colonisation upon a very great scale, and of the success of which high expectations had been formed, has hitherto failed to realise the sanguine hopes of its projectors. Instead of obtaining those ad vantages on which they had confidently reckoned as a reward for their enterprise, and the privations to which they have submitted, a large body of British settlers are at this moment in a situation giving ground for very serious anxiety, while the lives of several of their num ber have been unfortunately sacrificed. These unhappy results have, moreover, been connected with differences which have arisen, not only between the settlers and the colonial authorities, : but also between the New Zealanl Company (which reckons among its members many gentlemen of high station and respecta bility) and the executive Government at home. Under such circumstances, it will be obvious that a very heavy and very unusual responsibility is thrown upon your Committee when they are called upon to express an opinion as to the causes of a state of things so greatly to be lamented ; and though we have endeavoured to execute this task to the best of our judg ment, we submit the result of our deliberations with much diffidence to the House, and the more so because the evidence before us, oral and documentary, is so ex ceedingly voluminous that we feel it would have required much more time than was atour disposal to havedigested it as thoroughly as we could have wished. It appears to your Committee that the difficulties now experienced in New Zealand are mainly to be attributed to the fact, that in the measures which have been taken for establishing a British colony in these islands, those rules as to the mode in which colonisation ought to have been conducted, which have been drawn from reason and from experience, have not been sufficiently attended to. When it was first proposed to establish New Zealand as a British colony dependent upon New South Wales, Sir George Gipps, the Governor of the latter, in a very ant...ad.-cos, tutu (town on which he had framed the Bill which it was his duty to submit to his Legislative Council for the regulation &the infant colony of New Zealand :—" The Bill is founded," he said, " upon two or three general principles which, until I lmard them here controverted, I thought were fully admitted.; and indeed received as political axioms. The first is, that: the uncivilised inhabitants of any country have but a qualified dominion over it, or a right of occupancy only ; Plnd that, until they establish amongst themselves a settled form of government, and subjugate the ground to their own uses, by the cultivation of it, they cannot grant to individuals not of their own tribe any portion of it, for the simple reason, that they have not them selves any individual property in it. Secondly, that if a settlement be made in any such country by a civilised power, the right of pre-emption of the soil —or, in other words, the right of extinguishing the native title, is ex clusively in the government of that power, and cannot be enjoyed by individuals without the consent of their Government. The third principle is, that neither indi viduals, nor bodies of men belonging to any nation, can form colonies, except with the consent, and under the direction and control, of their own Government ; and that from any settlement which they may form without the consent of their Government they may be ousted. This is simply to say, as far as Englishmen are con cerned, that colonies cannot be formed without the con sent of the Crown." _ _ Referring to the speech of Sir George Gipps for the argument in support of these rules, it may be observed, that, with reference to New Zealand, they were, to a certain extent, infringed by the irregular settlement of British subjects on the shores of these islands, which began many years ago ; but they seem to have been first openly and deliberately departed from, when an attempt was made by the New Zealand Company to establish a colony, not only without the sanction, but in direct defiance of the authority of the Crown. This attempt led at once to a violation of the law by the first settlers entering into a voluntary agree ment for the establishment of an authority by which they hoped, in the absence of any legitimate power, to maintain order amongst themselves. The illegality of this arrangement was pointed out to the Company by the then Secretary of State ; but the expedition sent out to found what was to be, in fact, though unautho rised, a British colony, had already sailed. It is to be regretted that more decisive measures were not adopted for preventing the sailing of the expedition under these circumstances, since it appears important with reference to the future to observe, that such unauthorised attempts at colonisation cannot be permitted without leading to the most serious inconvenience. When large numbers of British subjects have established themselves in distant regions, inhabited only by barbarous tribes, it is impos sible for her Majesty's Government to leave them ex posed, without protection, to the dangers which their own rashness may draw down upon them, or to allow them to exercise, without control, and perhaps to abuse the power which their superior civilisation gives them over the rude natives . of the soil. Hence every new establishment of this kind involves a new demand upon the military and naval resources of the empire; but the undue multiplication of such demands must occasion a very heavy burden on the nation, and it therefore fellows that enterprises of colonisation should only be entered upon with the sanction and under the authority of the Government. In this instance the irregular and precipitate mode of sending out the first settlers had the unfortunate effect of placing these settlers and the agents of the New Zealand Company, from the very outset, on unfriendly terms with the officer whom her Majesty's Government found it necessary immediately to dispatch from England for the purpose of establishing the au thority of the Crown in the island of New Zealand ; and there can be no doubt that this want of a good under , standing between those whose cordial co-operation with each other was so essential to the welfare of the newly-es tablished colony, has been one of the main causes of the difficulties with which it has had to contend. In order to avert these difficulties, which were soon seen to be likely to arise, a charter of incorporation was afterwards granted to the New Zealand Company, with the hope of placing that body in friendly relations with her Majesty's Govern ment ; but this attempt was defeated, partly by the jea lousies created between the respective servants of the Crown and of the Company, by the error originally committed by the latter ; partly by other causes of difficulty which afterwards arose. These are chiefly to be traced to the means which were adopted for establishing the authority i of the Crown in New Zealand. The sovereignty over these islands had, at an earlier period, been formally disclaimed, and their independence had been distinctly recognised, both by the Crown and by Parliament. This course had been pursued because it was considered, and (by no means upon light grounds) that it was not advisable to extend British dominion in these distant regions ; but is adopting this policy it was overlooked, both by the advisers of the Crown and by Parliament, that it was impossible to check the tide of emigration which set so strongly towards the shores of New Zealand, and that the regular establishment of British power was the only practical mode of guard ing against the evils which could not fail to follow from permitting a large number of. Europeans to settle among its uncivilised inhabitants without being subject to any legitimate authority or control. Looking back at what I was then done, with the light to be drawn from subse quent experience, there is no . room to doubt, that it would have been far better if British dominion over these islands had been asserted as early as 1832, or even 1825 ; but a different policy having been at that time qua WU~~ ~~~ pursued, it was considered, its the Year 18.1 - 9, whefi (:!apttien Holisoil was sent out, that the difficulties which had thus been created, could only be got rid of b) ob taining from the natives their assent to the extension of the authority of the British Crown over New Zealand. Acting under the Instructions he had received, Captain Hebson, therefore, immediately on his arrival in New Zealand, at the beginning of the year tB4O, con cluded with a large ntimber of the chiefs of the northern island a treaty, known by the name of the treaty of Waitangi, by which, in return for their acknowledgment ' of British sovereignty, they were promised protection, and guaranteed in the possession of all lands held by ' them individually or collectively. The evidence laid before your Committee has led them to the conclusion that the step thus taken, though a natural consequence of previotis errors of policy, was a wrong one. It would have been much better if no formal treaty whatever had been made, since it is clear that the natives were inca pable of comprehending the real force and meaning of such a transaction ; and it therefore amounted to little more than a legal fiction, though it has already in practice proved to be a very inconvenient one, and is likely to be still more so hereafter. The sovereignty over the northern island might have been at once as sumed, without this mere nominal treaty, on the ground of prior discovery, and on that of the absolute necessity of establishing the authority of the British Crown for the protection of the natives themselves, when so large a number of British subjects had irregularly settled themselves in these islands as to make it indispensable to provide some means of maintaining good order amongst them. This was the course actually pursued with respect to the middle and southern islands, to which the treaty of Waitangi does not even nominally extend ; and there is every reason to presume that, or. ing to the strong desire the natives are admitted to have entertained for the security to be derived from the protection of the British Government, and fur the advantages of a safe and well regulated intercourse with a civilivld people, there would have been no greater difficulty in obtaining their 1 acquiescence in the assumption of sovereignty than in gaining their consent to the conclusion of the treaty; while the treaty has been attended with the double dis advantage, first, that its terms are ambiguous, and, in the sense in which they have been understood, highly inconvenient ; and next, that it has created a doubt which could not otherwise have existed, and which, though not, in the opinion of your Committee, well founded, has been felt, and has practically been attended with very injurious results, whether those tribes which were not parties to it are even now subject to the autho rity of the Crown. Y, ur. Committee have observed that the terms of the treaty are ambiguous, and in the sense in which they have been understood, have been highly inconvenient ; in this we refer principally to the stipulations it contains with respect to the right of property in land. The in formation which has been laid before us shows that these stipulations, and the subsequent proceedings of the Go vernor founded upon them, have firmly established in the minds of the natives notions, which they had then but very recently been taught to entertain, of their having a proprietary title of great value to land not actually oc cupied ; and there is every reason to believe that, if a decided course had at that time been adopted, it would not have been difficult to have made the natives under stand that, while they were to be secured in the undis turbed enjoyment of the land they actually occupied, and of whatever further quantity they might really want for their own tise, all the unoccupied territory of the is lands was to vest in the Crown by virtue of the sove reignty that had been assumed. Your Committee have already mentioned, that it is one of the fundamental principles of colonial law and policy, which they believe to have been correctly laid down by Sir G. Gipps, that " the uncivilised inhabitants of any country have but a qualified dominion over it or a right of occupancy only ; and that until they esta blish amongst themselves a settled form of government, and subjugate the ground to their own uses by the cultivation of it, they cannot grant to individuals not of their own tribe any portion of it, for the simple reason that they have not th emse l ves an y i n di v id ua l p ro p er ty in it." 'Unfortunat e ly, the original instructions given to Captain Hobson, when he was sent out for the purpose of establishing British dominion in New Zealand, were not sufficiently precise upon this most important point. They contained directions as to the manner in which he was to proceed in purchasing land from the natives, and they did not (as your Committee think that they ought to have done) clearly lay down the rule that, sovereignty being established, all unoccupied lands would forth with vest in the Crown, and that, except in virtue of grants from the Crown, no valid title to land could be established by Europeans. This mode of framing the instructions seems to have led the first Governor into the error of acting throughout upon the assumption that no part of the extensive and unoccupied territory of New Zealand was to be considered as belonging to the Crown, or available under its authority for the purposes of settlement, until first regularly sold by the natives. This is not indeed distinctly stated in the treaty of Wai tangi ; had it been so, this treaty would probably have been attended with less injurious consequences than it actually has been ; since in that case there can be little doubt that it would have been at once disallowed by her Majesty's Government ;*at least it is clear that the treaty could not have been understood either by the Governor of New South Wales or by the Secretary of State, in the sense put upon it by Captain Hobson, since both ex pressed their approbation of it, though the former had previously laid down the very different principle upon this subject already quoted ; and the then Secretary of State, Lord John Russell, after he had received and ap proved of the treaty, adopted in the most formal and authentic manner the views of Sir George Gipps. By the advice of Lord John Russell. in the, month of De... cember, 1840, a charter passed the great seal, by which New Zealand was erected into a separate and inde pendent colony ; and this charter was transmitted, together with instructions under the royal sign' manual, to the Governor, Captain Hobson. In this charter and instructions, "actual occupation and enjoyment" are clearly pointed out as alone establishing a right of property in land to the natives ; and the rule is laid down that all other lands must be considered as vested in the Crown, in virtue of the sovereignty that had been assumed, and that they must be dealt with accord ingly. The treaty of Waitangi (which had previously reached England and had been approved), it may there foreonosl tori f luy a e i , t r ih l o y anvs b e e wb a he s i e s e u nh m ua e ne d ed , oe s u pt oa s o t e , di ewadhs it tb n ewa t er h ri ne i s gf c o a h r l a v r a t r e d r e da meaning ntdo not inconsistent with the terms in which they are couched. The lands held " collectively," of which the possession was guaranteed to the aboriginal inhabitants of New Zealand, must therefore, have been regarded as the lands actually occupied by them, and cultivated in common by a tribe, in the manner frequently practised, and the forests as those actually used for cutting timber. This is the interpretation which, consistently with the ancient and acknowledged principles of colonial law as laid down by Sir George Gipps, and consistently also with the terms of the charter of the colony, and of the royal instructions to the Governor, ought to have been put upon the treaty ; had it been so, the most serious of the evils which have since arisen would have been avoided. If native rights to the ownership of land had only been admitted when arising from occupation, there would have been no difficulty in giving at once to the settlers secure and quiet possession of the land they re quired, an 1 they would thus have been able to begin without delay and in earnest the work of reclaiming and cultivating the unoccupied soil. The proceedings of the Commissioners appointed to inquire into the claims to land would also then have been short and simple; they would have had to inquire merely whether lands actually occupied by natives had been fairly sold to settlers by the occupants, and with respect to wild lands, whether Europeans claiming to have purchased them had done so at such a price, or had incurred such an expense in re spect of them, as to give to the supposed purchasers not a right to the lands (for they could not derive a title from parties who did not themselves possess one), but a claim on the consideration of the Crown to have granted to them as an indulgence more or less, according to circumstances, of the lands they had nominally pur chased. With respect to the New Zealand Company, as the extent of land to which they were entitled had been already settled by a special agreement with the Government and the award of Mr. Pennington, they would at once have been put in possession of all that very large proportion of the land on which they proposed establishing settlements which was previously wild and unoccupied ; and the question to be determined by the Commissioners would have reduced itself to that of whether those inconsiderable portions of land "actually occupied and enjoyed" by natives had been fairly sold by the occupants—a question the decision of which one way or the other would have been comparatively unim portant. _ _ To have proceeded in this manner, and to have as sumed at once all unoccupied land to belong to the Crown as a right inherent in the sovereignty, would have been attended with no sort of injustice to the natives, and would have been conducive to their real interests. The unoccupied land, previously to European settlement, was of no value to them; they were neither a pastoral people, nor one living, like the North American Indians, by the chase, and therefore requiring a great extent of country for their support ; they derived their chief subsistence from the produce of the soil and agriculture, rude as it was.; and, according to the witnesses who have been examined by your Committee, hardly a thousandth part of the available land was thus made use of by them. A very different policy, with respect to ownership of land, has been pursued, and has been attended with very unfortunate results. Mr. Spain, who was sent out from this country by Lord J. Russell to investigate the claims to land of settlers in New Zealand, appears to have been furnished with no precise instructions as to the object of the intended inquiry, and the mode of con ducting it ; and as he, in common with the Governor and the other colonial authorities, adopted the conclu sion that no land could be considered as vested in the Crown, or in the New Zealand Company by virtue of an agreement with the Crown, which could not be shown to have been fairly purchased from the natives, there was begun a protracted and most unsatisfactory .in quiry as to the nature of these purchases. It was im - possible that the inquiry, having this object in view, could be of a different character, since, if the point to be de termined was the validity of purchases from the natives, it follows that it was necessary to ascertain not only the bona fide nature of the supposed sale, but also the title of the vendors to the property of which they claimed to dispose. The difficulty of arriving at any satisfactory conclusion upon either point was insuperable. The evi dence as to the reality of alleged sales was almost inva riably contradictory and confused, as might reasonably have been anticipated, considering what imperfect means of communication there were between the parties, and how little one of them understood the nature of such transactions. As to the title of the vendors, the case was still more hopeless. The evidence before your Com mittee, both oral and documentary, leads to the conclu sion that the natives of New Zealand, till they learned to do so from Europeans, attached no idea of value to unoccupied land, and that though they had some vague • ~ notions- of certain circumstances (frequently connected with their peculiar sitperstitions) giving preferable claims to particular tribes over particular districts, yet, practi cally, the right by which territory. was held was that of the strotigest. Your 'Committee peed hardly point out the manifest absurdity of attempting fo Apply' the no tions of English law, with respect to landed properly, - to such a state of society, and the utter fruitlessness of an endeavour to disentangle the complicated and con Icting claims set up by different tribes to wild land ; this inquiry having to be conducted by Europeans, igno rant both of the language of the natives, and of their barbarous and superstitious customs, on which the claims to lsnd very frequently depended. The policy adopted of entering Into such an inquiry, and of acknowledging the claim of the natives to pay ment for the unoccupied lands, has had effects very in jurious to the interests both of the settlers and of the natives themselves. With respect to the settlers, by preventing them for so long a period from obtaining pos session by a secure title of the land they required for cultivation, it has given a most serious check to the pro gross of improvement, and very greatly retarded the arrival of the time when the colony would have been able to produce food enough for its own consumption, and also something to eiport in payment for the various supplies it requires from the mother country and from other quarters. To the natives this policy has been still more injurious ; it has created a strong feeling of irrita tion between them and the settlers, from the existence of which they cannot fail. ultimately to be the chief suf ferers ; the large amount of property they have received in payment for land:which was of no real use to them before, instead of being of permanent advantage to them, has been speedily and improvidently consumed, and has only served to excite in them the passion of cupidity, and to produce quarrels amongst themselves, which in one case at least have broken out into open war. Even Mr. Clarke, the chief protector, who has insisted so much upon their obtaining a very high price for their land, has admitted that the " sudden affluence" to which thsy have been raised has had " an unfriendly in fluence on their moral improvement." The worst con sequence of all, as it appears to your Committee, of the coarse which has been pursued, is, that it has lowered the authority of the Government over the natives, and given rise, on their part, to claims which it is greatly to be feared they will not peaceably be brought to forego; and which yet cannot be allowed without the sacrifice of the principal means of promoting the advancement of the colony. We beg particularly to refer, in support of what we have now stated, to the long report of Mr. Spain, the Commissioner of Land Claims, dated the 12th of September, lid 43, and to the dispatch of the acting Governor of the 30th of October, 1843, and its enclo sures. On reference to these documents it will be found that the effects attributed by your Committee to the policy which has been pursued are distinctly recog nised by those of the public servants in the colony by whom that policy has been chiefly maintained. It is also peculiarly deserving of remark, that precisely the same difficulties in establishing to the satisthction of the na tives the validity of sales of land alleged to have been made by them, which, in the case of the settlements in Cook's Straits, have been attributed to the careless mode of proceeding adopted by the Company's agents have since been experienced to fully as great an extent with respect to purchases made on behalf of the Government in the northern part of the island by the Protector of Aborigines himself. In the letter of Colonel God frey (one of the Commissioners of Land Claims) of the 10th of February, 1843, will be found an account of the embarrassment created by the positive denial by the natives of the validity of a sale of land which Mr. Clark reported had been made to him, as agent to the Government, with every possible precaution, in the year 1840. If these and similar claims are rejected, we cannot but apprehend that, after the concessions already , made, much dissatisfaction, if not resistance, is to be an ticipated from the natives ; on the other hand, if the, claims are admitted, we see no security whatever that additional payments now made for land formerly sup posed to have been sold will give any permanent satis faction, and will not, on the contrary, serve as a stimulus to still more unreasonable demands hereafter, while, even if such payments should be final, we cannot but regard it as a great misfortune that large sums of money should be so applied. In Mr. Spain's report, already quoted, he estimates that from 5,0001. to 6,0001. will be required to compensate the natives for the blocks of land al ready surveyed by the servants of the New Zealand Com pany in the southern part of the northern island ; and, in making this estimate, it appenrs (though this is not very clear), that he contemplates leaving them in pos session of the grounds they actually occupy. If this land is to be paid for at so high a rate, it is obvious that it will create in the minds of the natives an expectation that similar prices will be given for the land that will hereafter be required, and thus an enormous charge will be entailed upon the progress of future settlements. Whi:e we were considering our report, additional evi dence of the magnitude of this evil has been laid be fore us. The land, it must be remembered, derives its only value from the application of European labour and caps ; whatever is paid for it to the natives must even tually be taken from the price paid for it by settlers, either to the Company or to the Government, and will be so much deducted from the fund, which ought to be most carefully husbanded and applied to the great pur poses of promoting emigration, and of meeting the first and pressing wants of a young settlement ; as, for in stance, the construction of roads and bridges, and the building and endowing of churches, schools, and hospi tals. For these purposes, in which the British settlers and the original inhabitants are equally interested, every shilling is wanted which the emigrant can afford to pay for land, without trenching too deeply on his available e_apital; and it appears to your Committee to be equally contrary, both to real justice and to sound policy, that large sums of money should be taken from a fund de voted to objects of such high importance, in order to be given to barbarous tribes, who at best will unprofitably squander what is so improvidently placed at their dis posal. Your Committee have found it necessary to enter more at length than we could have wished into the question, whether the ownership of unoccupied land ought to have been considered as vested in the Crown or in the native tribes, because, in our opinion, all the difficulties which have been experienced in the colonization of New Zealand are mainly to be attributed to the erroneous view of this question which has been taken by those to whose hands the powers of government have in these islands been committed. But, erroneous as they believe the policy hitherto pursued to have been, they are sen sible of the great difficulty which may . now be expe rienced in changing it ; and, bearing in .mind the great distance of these islands, and the consequent impossi bility of knowing what may be the state of affairs there, when any instructions that may be sent out shall reach the Governor, they are not prepared to recommend that he should be peremptorily ordered to assert the rights of the Crown as they believe them to exist ; all they advise is, that he should have clearly explained to him what those rights are and the principles on which they rest, and should be directed to adopt such measures as he may consider best calculated to meet the difficulties of the case, and to establish the title of the Crown to all un occupied land as soon as this can be safely accomplished. He ought also, we conceive, to be directed to grant legal titles to the actual occupants of land, unless under special circumstances of abuse, requiring in those cases in which it may seem to be proper reasonable payment from the settlers for land so granted to them. (To be continued.) ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. This Society met on Monday last, Mr. Murchison, President, in the chair. The paper of the evening was the Chevalier Schomburgk's account of his last expedition in British Guayana, viz., his route from Pirara to the Upper Cerentyu, an from thence to Demerara. This was rather a large volume than a paper, so that portions only could be read ; and as these will be continued at the next meeting, we re serve our report of Mr. Schomburgk's interesting explorations till then. We must, however, add, that the walls of the large room of the Society were lite rally covered with the beautiful drawings of Mr. Goodall, the artist of the expedition, and the splendid maps constructed by Mr. Schomburgk; while on the tables were displayed about 150 more drawings, and a vast number of specimens of minerals and beauti ful woods, which latter might with much advantage be introduced into this country. Mr. Schomburgk was present, and, after answering many questions put to him by the President and members, said that, be fore leaving this country to return to his family after so long an absence (four years), he begged to express his warm gratitude to the Society, who had been the first to take him by the hand, and his assurance that he had done all in his power to render himself worthy of the encouragement he had received from it. It will be remembered that Mr. Schomburgk received the gold medal of the Society in 1840. THE FROST.—We gave warning, last Monday, to all wise and prudent housekeepers to lay in a stock of coals, as, frequently, dense fogs were the heralds of sharp and continued frosts ; unfortunately for the poor the snow of last Sunday and Monday still lies upon our fields and houses, and winter in his most grisly shape has laid his icy hand upon us ; this night week our frost commenced, and we see no likelihood of when we shall have a thaw. Our gutters are six inches thick with ice, the glass has been twelve below freezing point, the skaiters are looking everywhere for ponds, and furs and muffled forms are the order of the day. With all this the weather has been most cheering ; our days, with the blue skies above us, have wore more the appearance of a clear and exhilirating Canadian winter than anything we remember in Europe. And this, the first week in December ! Which of the young men of the day remem bers a similar early continuous frost ? During the eighteenth century it was common ; with the nineteenth winter delayed his visits generally to the new year, and often, as last season, forgot his urbanity all together. To what then are we indebted for this change ? Is it to the comets or the eclipses ? Whatever the cause, we hope the poor will not be forgotten.—Boulogne Gazette of Monday. THE WEATHER.—Thej change to frost, which we noticed on Thursday last, has continued since then with out intermission, and with increasing intensity. The thermometer on Thursday night indicated, in a northern exposure, 23 degrees—nine degrees below freezing—and has generally ranged from 25 to 30 degrees throughout the day. On Friday the ice on Duddingston Loch was so strong as to tempt some keen skaters to enjoy their favourite sport on the margins of the loch. Should the frost continue, as it appeared to do last night, the whole of this beautiful sheet of water will be safe for all skaters to-day. The change of weather, we per ceive , is general —winter, though somewh at earl y , prevails over the whole island. In this neighbourhood every description of out door-labour has been suspended for the last five or six days.—Caledoxian Mercury of Monday. i/ THE FROST AND THE PARKS. The frost during yesterday was coraiderably dimi nished severity, but there was by no means any ap pearance of a thaw. The thermometer at the Roy Humane Society's Receiving-house in Hyde-park, and at the Society's marquees in Regent's-park mid St. Jame ' -,;.: 1 5 exhibited 30 degrees early in the morning, L a ; as, ended betweu twelve and two o'clock as high as 34 degrees ; yet last evening the mercury receded to 30 degrtes, with the wind still N.ll, but more cairn. The, ltmosphere was hazy, and the barometer 30.4, indjcatirig slight change. The ice or the Long-water and round pond in Ken iington-gardens was very strong and in good condition, in'! on them during the day the number of skaters was upwards of 2,000. On the north bank of the Long c Ater thc Skating Club yesterday morning had their marquee erected, and several of the members skated' on the ice during the afternoon. No accidents, we are happy to say, occurred. The ice in the centre of the Serpentine is not above two inches in thickness, and at the sides it is not near so thick. It is, therefore, still considered most danger ,ms. Notwithstanding, however, the numerous cautions given by the Royal Humane Society's icemen, about 2.500 skaters ventured thereon, and the banks were thronged by respectably and fashionabl y -dressed persons. The drive on the north side exhibited also a very fair display of fashionable equip.r.ges, consideringyt,ehaers.tatoenof he the weather and the advanced peri o d of t accident only occurred during the day. and that took place about ten minutes to three o'clock, when a man named William Somers, who was engaged on th,, north bal( of the Serpentine at the east end in c;itting tho fur removal to the lea-welts of Buckinghm .. 1 ten feet Palace for the use of her Majesty, 1 b ecame immersed water, but was speedily extricated by a fellow labourer ny means of a hoot-hook befo:e the Humane Society's men could reach him. He was immediately conre:ed :) 3 , iceman Robinson on an ice-sledge to the receiving , house, where he WO attended by . Dr. Woolley, and placed - in a hot.bath, and afterwards in a warm bed. The unfortunate man appeared in st wretched state of poverty .nd disease, and Mr. Alderman Wilson and Mr. Oldham, who witnessed the accident, left at di:" receiving-house a. ,overeign towards buying him clothes fretter adapted for the season. .ne ice in the Regent's-park is in quite a sdund con- Aion, and is from two inches to two inches ants three quarters in thickness. The number of skaters w.aa be tween 4,000 and 5,000, and the banks of the ornatiacri tel water wore lined by persons letting skates for 11.'re. No accidents occurred. The ice on the lake in St. James's-park was yesterday shout two inches in thickness, and rather less dangelMs than on the preceding day, but by no means sate: , During the day there were several thousand skaters, but no accidents whatever. At an early hour yesterday morning Suporintendent Williams attended, and directed the men in the operation of cutting away the ice in the vicinity of the recent accident, in order to ascertain if there were (as reported) any bodies beneath the• Four men were engaged during the greater part of the day constantly using tl.e drags, and dredging. Mr. Wil liams's newly-invented floating drag for creeping under the surface of the ice was also tried. No bodies, as has - been already stated, were found ; but a hat, with a black crape band, in which were two handkerchiefs, one blue and white. and the other a lady's white handkerchief,,,, marked "W. E H., 5." The two icemen, Joseph..; Knight and Charles Clapstone, for their great courage and praiseworthy exertions on Sunday, have been libe; rally rewarded by the Royal Humane Society. Arrangements are now in progress for building new lodges in the inclosure for the park-keepers, and it is intended, by the Commissioners of Woods and Forests, that they shall be so constructed as to form residences for these keepers, who attend by night as well as by day. The Themes is still clear of ice, and consequently the navigation is uninterrupted. The docks, though par tially frozen, do not offer any obstruction to the move..., ments of the shipping, barges, &c. Last evening the thermometer at six o'clock, at the Dockmaster's-office, St. Katharine's, stood at 32 degrees, freezing point, being four degrees higher than on the preceding evening , at the same hour. There was a fresh breeze daring the day about N.E. The atmosphere had a gloomy ap pearance. MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS. FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY. CITY, TUESDAY EVENING. TINIES.—The delay in making known from the Treasury, in an off►cial shape, the result of the biddings for the portion now offered 'of the Canada Joan, has arisen, it appears, under circumstances rather peculiar to the present transaction. When the tenders first pre sented were opened it was found that all eseept; one were below the limit previously fixed by the Treasufy, and that the one above the limit was only fur a portion of the sum to be bid fer. On the occasion of the ))id ding for the first allotment of the loan, as will be re collected, all the biddings were below the Chancellor of the Exchequer's minimum ; but on his declaring what it was, and opening the sealed papers produced at the meeting, the terms were acceded to by all the bidders for the respective amounts for which they had ten dered. On the present occasion these two modes of proceeding were at the option of the Treasury— , o declare then the limit, and afford a chance to those below it, or propose to the parties whore (4ffer had exceeded it to take the remaining sum on the terms of that' offer, which latter was the course adopted. Ai a reference was probably necessary to the principals from whom that offer had pro ceeded, the delay of a short time in any d claration of the final result became unavoidable, unless Mr. Goulburn had chosen to name his limit then, aid to take the cnanees either of those below it agreeing . to accept it, or of those above it (one party only) con .,enting at once to those terms for the remainder. Thus the ease has become a very nice one ; and a keen con troversy has arisen in the money market whether the Chancellor of the Exchequer has. pursued a strictly fair course in the matter. In the Stock Exchange we suspect the votes will be against him ; hut, acting for the public, who have to take the consequence of his bargain, wo think that he has done just what he ought to do. While a chance remained of obtaining the terms of the acceeted portion for the whole of the sum under negotiation,, he could not consistently give those who were below his limit the power of advancing up to it, since to that ex tent he would have damaged the public, or the colony for which the loan, under the security of the home Go vernment, is entered into. The only question that can arise is, whether a longer delay than was necessary for such a purpose has not been consented to. To avoid any charge of juggling with the moneyed interest, the minimum of the Chancellor has, it is understood, been placed, sealed, in the hands of the Governor of the Bank, only to be opened in the event of any dispute hereafter as to what that limit really was. There has been much expectation in the City during the day as to the final result of this matter ; but all that has transpired in the affair is, that one house, Messrs.. Hammond, Scott, and Co., has taken rather more than half the loan at the price of 112 ; but in what manner the remainder is placed is not yet known. Neither is it known at present what the Chancellor of the Exchequer's minimum was. The premium on gold at Paris is 12 per mille r which, at the English Mint price of 31. 17s. 100. per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange Of 25 45 ; and the exchange at Paris on London at sit,Oit being 25 57k, it follows that gold is 0.49 per cent:- dearer in London than in Paris. By advices from Hamburgh the price of gold is 434 V 1 per mark, which, at the English Mint price of Si. 17s. 10 . i per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of 13:9 ; and the exchange at Hamburgh on London at ikon s being 13 91, it follows that gold is the same price it both i 3 places. SUN.—A further advance occurred in Consols this afternoon, after it became known that the French Loan had been taken at a high price. Quotations ito i per cent. above par were realised for Consols. Exchequer Bills brought 565. to 58s. premium, and Reduced Three per Cents. touched 1001 to 100*. There was no improvement in the Foreign Bonds. Spanish Actives were 244; and the Three per Cents., 36i 1. Brazilian were 88k, and Portuguese Converted, 56 to i. The additional transactions in Railway Shares have been these :—Chester and Holyhead were 1 ; Churnet Valley, 1 to i ; Great Southern and Western (Ireland), 31; Great Western, 73; Ditto, Fifths, 151; Birmingham, 122 ; Ditto, Thirds, 36i; Ditto, Fifths, 24 to 11; South- Western, 411 to 43*; Croydon, 3 ; Manchester and Leeds, Sixteenths, 2* to 3; Norwich and Brandon, New, 21; Rugby, i• South-Eastern, 51; Boulogne sad Amiens, 31 i ; 'Orleans and Bordeaux, 4i; and Paris and Orleans, 22* premium. Eastern Union were ' 1 discount, an d Brighton i discount to par. British North American Bank Shares were 51 discount, and London Joint-Stock 3j premium. There was a decline in the rate of Exchange on Ham burgh, Trieste, and Paris, but upon Antwerp, Amster dam, and Frankfort, the quotations were firm. i'`= ; The following is the official return of the exports of bullion from the port of London for the week ending Thursday last : Silver Coin to China 3,600 ounces. Silver Coin to Rotterdam 60,000 ~ Silver Bars to Rotterdam . 5,600 „ Silver Bars to Hamburgh 45,000 „ _ D I A B OLICAL ACT.—On Tuesday night last some evil-disposed person tied a rope across the highroad, at a place called Cat's-hill, in this county, with the inten tion, no doubt, to cause mischief. It appears, that on the same night a son of Mr. Wrenn, fishmonger, Ware, hap pened to pass down this hill in a cart, and being unable to perceive the obstruction in consequence of the ex treme darkness of the night, the horse came in contact with it, and the result was, that the animal was thrown down, the cart turned over, and the driver precipitated into the road. The shafts of the vehicle were broken ; but we hear that the driver and the horse escaped with comparatively little injury. It is sincerely to be wished that the perpetrator of this diabolical and cowardly act may be detected.—Hertford County Press. On Friday, some bills becoming due at several of the Perth banking-houses, and none of the parties concerned having appeared , i t was discovered, on inquiry, that forgeries to a very considerable amount had.been committed. The usual steps being taken under simi lar circumstances, it was ascertained that the guilty • party bad absconded. This was no less a persOnage than_ the . No ltev. s - oone , r m a in id is s t u er ch of an th e e x n tr e a ig or h d b i o n urin ary neighbourin g parish of. stance become known than it became the subject of every body's talk ; and during the whole of Saturday, Sunday, and Monday, up to the hour of post, innumerable'ru naours and conjectures were in circulation as to the'ex tent of Mr. —'s delinquencies, and the parties involved by his frauds. All that can be stated in the . mealtime is, that Mr. —, with a stipend of 400 L a year,,hstrab• sconded • that there can be little doubt he Is guilt.' of fraud and forgeries to a considerable amount ; and we believe that this is all that any one is justified in &ki t ting in the present state of information on such s disieve• able subject.—Perth Paper. 3 95 o o 10 ,o • •-•• to ;o e B ' o e to •*" ibe i 0 ;e:i ./ _