The Sun. — London, England, 1844-12-09 00:00:00

. n the th : Ile !T ., but IWO plwe the i stood Ito hi 6 drunk a d the ,e r. ,ouslY to All THE ROBBERY a 1 Messy& ROGERS and c©.'B, tis 4 Bankerl CAUTION. The Public are respectfully requested to pay particular attention '°l4 Numbers and Dates of all 5/., 10/., 20/., 301., 40/., 50/., 1 10 01., 3001., 5001., and 1,000/. Bank of England Notes _ ftt , Y be offered in payment ; and before changing them to Ma n' ine the same, and compare them with the Lists of the Bank )4. °46 stolen from Messrs. Itogers and Co., and which have been bhertised several times successively in the Daily and Weekly ?AN,. Lists of the Stolen Notes may be had at all the Banking-houses, ‘ 4. of Mears. Rogers and Co., 29, Clement's-lane, Lombard-street ; c 't John or Daniel Forrester, at the Mansion House; and at all t he City and Met ro p o lit an P o li ce Stat i on h ouses ; and of Mr. , fan ois nobler, Solicitor, 26, Bucklersbury, Mansion House, OFFICE of THE GAS LIGHT and COKE COMPANY, 19, NEW BRIDGE-STREET, BLACK- London, Dec. 7, 1844. Notice is hereby given, That the COURT of DIRECTORS of The GAS LIGHT and COKE COMPANY do hereby de tiate that a VACANCY has occurred in the Court of Directors, " 7 t he decease of WILLIAM ALLEN, Esq. Notice is hereby also given, that a SPECIAL GENERAL 2 1711 -T of the PROPRIETORS of this COMPANY will be Z id, at this Office, on FRIDAY, the 10th day of January next, at "en o'Clock in the Forenoon, for the Election of a Director to " , PPly the Vacancy in the Direction, occasioned by the decease of w ill/am Allen, Esq.; and that, should a Ballot be required, it Rill continue open for four hours from its commencement. By Order of the Court of Directors, CHARLES BURLS, Secretary. 1111 . The Chair will be taken at Twelve o'clock precisely, and but Proprietors admitted. THFIELD CLUB PRIZE CATTLE SHOW, 1844 it o T ,-, l t, ANNUAL EXHIBITION of PRIZE CATTLE, SEEDS, S. IMPLEMENTS, &c., will take place on the 11 k, 12th, 13th, ✓mod of December, at the HORSE BAZAAR, KING-STREET, 10 AN-SQUARE. alv ue arra ngements for th i s year compr i se a gre at addition of space ,r.yeveral improvements, adding materially to the comfort rod con tlift n t e , o c B of visitors. The space and accommodaMon is so ample, o pti : B dire may now safely visit this National Exhibition. 11.011 1 Daylight till Nina in the Evening—Lighted up after Three in the Afternoon. Admittance, One Shilling. UNERAL of her late ROYAL HIGHNESS the PRINCESS SOPHIA of GLOUCESTER. Notice is hereby given, that an EXTRA TRAIN for PAS. 7 - ' , GErts will leave the SLOUGH STATION, at Eleven ° Clock on TUESDAY NIGHT, the 10th inst., for the convenience ° : Per sons wishing to return to London after the Funeral, which I I. l PPninted to take place in St. George's Chapel, Windsor, at ".11ht &Clock in the Evening. Great W Ranßy Order of the Directors, CHAS. A. SAUNDERS, Secretary. vray, Paddington Station, Dec. 7. GLASGOW, DU:IIFR I E . ;, and CARLISLE Ittpn t , RAILWAY. •••1' OF THE PROVISIONAL COMMITTEE TO THE SH AREHOLDERS OF THE GLASGOW, DUMFRIES, AND CARLISLE RAILWAY. sour Committee have delayed making any Report of their pro. "Ni I nas, until they could lay before you sufficient information to p, .„, - " bl e You, not only to form a correct opinion of the merits of your 1,-.11 line, but to un d ers tand the various schemes more or less con. ad with it, f or w hieh Parliamentary notices have been given. Z inter ests number of these schemes, and their complex bearing on the of your andertakiug, render it necessary to preface this R eport by some general observations. • Th e four existing railways of greatest importance in Scotland, in rasPtet of length, capital, and traffic, are—the Edinburgh and - ,,, 41 : 2 ne , Railway, connecting the two largest cities in Scot and, as : 1. ,'" as the tw o seas; the North British Railway, forming part of i;st g r eat trunk line from Edinburgh to London, by way of Berwick, e* Castle, - and York ; the Glasgow and Greenock Railway, an im. : l ent link in the communication between the manufacturing and teens of the west of Scotland; and the Glasgow, Paisley, Z. t en arnock, and Ayr Railway, connecting the western metropolis Bcotland with one of the most thriving mineral and manufac. rin g districts in this country, including the seaports cf Ayr, 7, re es+ Irvine and Ardrossan, from the latter of which there is a r ale p.„__Lax steam-boat communication with the North of Ireland—a k.. we Ydeetined, by means of your projected line from its southern isprrninus at Kilmarnock to Dumfries and Carlisle, to become the i„, "lt high -read between the north and west of England, and the Ike ▪ est n ally important district known under the general name of s„ •• est of Scotland." The only link awanting to complete the entire 1 , 4 -4 ;_ l e of railways leading down the east coast of England and Scotland 44, 7 4 . r.iriburgh, across to Glasgow, and up the west coast of Scotland e r 441 klaud, back to London, is from the terminus of the &lin gh and Glasgow Railway in Glasgow I. the joint terminus of the ts .7“oek and Ay rs hi re R a ilways in the same city. Parliamentary - "Wei have been given for this short line, which is not above half 4 1,, tr e4 ,; 1a In length, and which will pass, partly in tunnelling, and CO arches, through a portion of the city. Y these existing and projected railways, which intersect the dl - -et ear and, as might be expected, the richest and most populous a o c' e ta both of England and Scotland, almost the whole of the ler a nltural, Manufacturing, mining, mercantile, and shipping in rests of Great Britain will be connected, and a direct, rapid, and e o Mical means of transit secured. The accompanying map will will ern ore distinctly the course of these great leading lines. There t ram t hus remain, so far as Scotland is concerned, only one lino of c nnaccomraodated, viz., between Edinburgh and the north ,.• of Scotland and Lancashire. It is true, the existing amount .Intercourse between these districts is as yet limited, but still, in "ling ot It t the lines of communication between the two countries, ,44:0,1ePtial to keep it in view ; and it fortunately happens, that the many schemes promoted for local objects, and for which fr o .„ "a !_ e ltery, notices have been given, there is one, viz. , a line % ow 00t27. sullnbrirgh to Hawick, which, if extended to Carlisle, will '', even on this era's tragic, the full benefit of railway Calll /Agtala."o", at the expense of a very small additiona l outla y of - .Plain this, your Committee again request your attention to d fin e li c ! e rnPanying map. From it you will observe that a strai g ht c k. i.lr dran nearly ue north from Birmingham, Lancaster, or t m , l e , w w ould pass through or close to Hawick, Edinburgh, and , from which last point, by a slight deviation eastward, it tai only r each Aberdeen. N o w t' it so happens that this straight lino * -41 Y Passes through the most practicable count r y for a rail. he between its north and south termini, but opens up by much ra nst fertile and thriving of these districts in the south and east , ° f Scotland to which the great trunk lines would not them. cres extend. Na The northern portion of the line of communication thus described t ia b een already taken up by parties of influence and capital. Par. j n entary notices have been given for railways extending the os ' c le way from Burntisland, en the north side of t he Fri t h of P, rt h opposite Edinburgh to Perth, Dundee , and Aberdeen. The , er, as it is called, the Edinburgh and Northern Railway, forms S nit section of this line to the north of Edinburgh. It avails br if of the improved steam ferry across the Forth, estmblished by .„. G !aoe the Duke of Buccleuch and Mr. Gladst one, of Fas q ue, act l i ntersects the rich mineral and agricultural county of File. t s ° t empered with any line by way of Stirling, it shortens the die. 4 ee between Edinburgh and the most important towns in the ist,, , rt . h of Scotland, from thirty to fifty miles. The section to the of Edinburgh is that projected by the North British Rail w ay n PallY I* Hawick, already mentioned. , I ts — , Yt . he general system of international railway communication v c d * described, it will be seen that three principal lines are pro . ccl . : The fir s t o f th ese g i ves the most direct line from London Edinburghl4_ ; th e secon d th e b es t line from London through tine t o t h e W est o f S cot l an d ; an d the third the shortest ac ross the Island, from Carlisle to Edinburgh and the north. 6 4 7 of Scotland. e to 4 . a nY collateral advantages might be pointed out as resulting Nan z n i the above arrangement, but these will be more properly ox. e l when dismissing the merits of your line in detail. ri, e ba Public point of view, your Committee regard it as one of t bat ri'"t t_alth lmportant characteristic: of the scheme now xplainebe d, --nugh in itself more complete than any other, e i t can rr tet yeh m e4 bY a comparatively small expenditure of capital beyond to required for those new lines of railway, which arc about co nstructed solely for the accommodation of existing local C This statement requires a little explanation. It nb n es been m en ti one d th a t it is intended to form a railway from tak e . ',Nth to Hawick. The line has been planned, and is under. tete" by the North British Railway Company. The object is to (sri d nd the Dalkeith Railway, now belonging to that Company to th en is at any rate to be improved an adapted for locomotives), )a,e thriving manufacturing towns of d Galashiels, Selkirk, and lep o , w ' e k, situated in the midst of the best wool-growing and be n taa nufacturing district in Scotland. On the other side of the , d ' t he Ayrshire Railway Company have intimated their intent. exit (Wit hout meaning to interfere with your undertaking) to e oe i tt te their long.projected scheme of a Branch Railway to CURI- A. ' k r the purpose of bringing into their line the passenger traffic It th at district, and of opening up the large mineral fields of the 44 1Ui .0 Of Bute, Sir James Boswell, and Lord George Bentinck, as to , — Veli the celebrated blackband ironstone has been distinctly abortai to r ed I to and where extensive additional iron-works are e t ;' k it ia believed, to be erected under leases recently entered into. to t e "" being the case, the wholelength of new railway will require Edi tb rn ade for the purpose of completing the two trunk lines from r,„ Ur ith to Carlisle, via Hawick, and from Glasgow to Carlisle, itries, will be— ch4Wick te the Dumfries line, near Carlisle say. 35 miles. . 44n t'ek to Carlisle The e a Slaking in all ) 64 ' 1 . Per mile, or 1,256,0001. betts oo r C ° l aMittee are se satisfied of the capabilities of the line enly il awiek and Carlisle, and of Its importance to you, net heit itiii a Part ef the general plan te be submitted to Parliament, one cor b ranch and feeder to your line, that, with the unanimous ke os re " , of a meeting of your extraordinary Committee of lent I... ll ,eanent, they have undertaken to the Board of Trade, to apply ee o u tatnent in a subeequent session for power to make it, in the the general scheme of international communication A t a cn tidned being adopted. e r most important characteristic of the scheme now de • .a, that it interfere* in no way with the interests of any co t t r :g line of railway, but flirnishes new feeders both to the four 1 14, 0 , 1ines of railway referred to at the outset, and to all the " railway, with which the projected lines are to be connected. wets our Committee , however, would not be discharging their duty the of net, in the next place, shortly to call your attention to and history of another plan, which is about to be brought e sei , tra e tlianlent under the name of the Caledonian Railway, and to Which the public and private advantages it holds out with those I t _ llb ay be obtained by the scheme already described. C ontr . :lll Probably he known to all of you that the Royal Commis ap,.itat, Sir Frederick Smith and Professor Barlow—who were hied s e din te4o to report on the projected railways between Eng voiated 'Sc otland—proceeding upon the assumption that only one high made, expressed a preference for a line passing over the arou ndhow e 4 which occupies the centre of Scotland. In doing so, ofh t s e i the Commissioners carefully reserved the question which bein g - I vari ous routes ought to be preferred, in the event of its are th Q t u nd Practicable to make two or mere lines. The following se, th ei r Words :—" Were this otherwise (viz., were more than be,,, ch e t ° b. made), we should subdivide the question into two Se 5 and consider, in the first instance, which of the several a i o uld be th e most su i ta bl e f or a communication by Lancaster Ir e i m aB ,t e w, as well as to the West of Scotland and to the North of F. t i• a nd which would be the best route by Newcastle to "Astrub ottp .r4 p os e ,, l . ino thus pr e f erre d b y th e Commissioners, " under the I. the Routh that at pr esen t one li n e of railway only can be formed tit c u h e Routh to Edi nburgh and Glasgow, " recomm ended itself to ita I°l Y in consequence of its having two forks or branches at other,ithern extremity, the one terminating in Edinburgh, and the Wh• n Gla agntv • but the barren character of the country through ich it would run,; e t t e ls eg en s , of working it, iatedarpirgoinbgablfyresmomtehecognteer gradientsration of the extra rendered is rect se r r d Y by its summit of 1,000 feet, induced the Commissioners ar, their opinion that "it was hardly to be expected that such Le Would o general command much support as an investment from the p rt , pie ',Peculator ;" and to add, that, " unless the principal landed takisaki t " .l along the line should feel disposed to give the under ngtheir hearty support, rather with a view to the inceeriscd divi dend, I'd give to their property, than to a large remunerating iere seems considerable doubt whether it will ever be Constructed,tDi.,l.,:iiepdublication of that Report, and the facts it disclosed, in • ,c o f lending to the early execution of the Beattock or Central and effect of deterring the public from embarking in it, of dir actin their attention to the more profitable investment Th e by the East Ceast Line from Newcastle to Edinburgh. '-' w as acto°urndilin r itish Railway, bein g th e Se i lla r portion of that line: gIY in 1842—was by an of Parliamentbrought obtained forward last session—and is now sanctioned in course of Nat e" of this d ec i s i on of Parl i ament in favour of an East , which removes the only ground on which the Royal " .` l4 als Inne rs bad preferred the Central Line, is not even yet go. Tally Accordingly, the scheme of a Beattock Railway' No., 16,322. PRICE sd. THE SUN is Published EVERY MORNING at FIVE O'CLOCK, in Time for the EARLY TRAINS and TOWN DELIVERY; a SECOND EDITION (Eveni ng S un ) is Published in Time for the :AFTERNOON MUNN and a THIRD EDITION at SEVEN O'CLOCK, for POST, containing PARLIAMENTARY and all other NEWS in LONDON up to that flour. which was revived last spring, with some modifications that led to the adoption of the new nave of the Caledonian Railway, has been generally received by the public under the erroneous impression that it has still the sanction of the Commissioners' authority. The line, as thus revived and modified, is meant to extend from Carlisle, to a point at or near Lanark, and to diverge there into two branches, one running to Edinbargh and the ether towards Glasgow. A subordinate branch Is proposed, from a point about eight miles distant from Glasgow, to join a projected railway, called the Scottish Central Railway, at Castlecarry; whereby a connexion with Stirliug and the North would be afffirded. The branch towards Glasgow is not intended to be carried so far as that City, but, at some distance from it, will run-1, into certain mineral railways belonging t• separate Companies, and constructed originally for the purpose of conveying coals to the high levels on the north aide •f Glasgow ; and 2, into another projected line, called the Clydesdale Junction, which is intended to convey minerals and passengers to the low levels on the south side of Glasgow. This complicated plan will be beet understood by reference to the accompanying Map. In contrasting this scheme with that of which the Glasgow, Dumfries, and Carlisle Railway is intended to form a part, your Committee feel bound to consider, preferably, their bearing on the general interests of the country. First.—The length of the Caledonian Railway, excluding the Castlecarry Branch, which is said to be about eight miles long, is stated in the Prospectus, as being 112 miles, and the cost is there estimated at 1,600,000/. In a subsequent report, published by the promoters, it is stated, that, " In consequence of savings on other parts of the line, the Castlecarry extension of the Caledonian Line can be constructed without exceeding the capital upon which the Prospectus proceeded." But, even after allowing this correction of the original estimate, of the accuracy •f which your Committee have no means of judging, and without attempting to calculate the expense of a proposed branch of about 15 miles long to Dumfries, and of widening the guage, and otherwise altering the mineral lines before mentioned, or the expense of the Clydesdale Junction Line, which practically forms a part of the scheme, it would appear that the single line of international communication proposed by the Caledonian Company, would, without accommodating any important local traffic, actually cause an expenditure of upwards of 000,000/. more tha❑ the wholo sum that would be required for completing the two trunk lines of communication which your Cont. mittee have air , ady pointed out. Committee of the House of Commons on Railways last session de. nounced as unjustifiable, being a railway (to use their own words) " which, if it is to remunerate the proprietors at all, can only remunerate them by means of the abstraction of traffic, which is already, for all substantial purposes, equally well accommodated by some existing railway." GREAT L EAGUE MEETING. The FIRST AGGREGATE MEETING of the LEAGUE, in the THEATRE ROYAL, G OVENT-GARDEN, will be held on WEDNESDAY next, the 11th of December. GEORGE WILSON, Esq., will take the Chair at Sevee o'clock precisely. TO COMMERCIAL GENTLEMEN VISITING EDINBURGH. MRS. DOW, 57, North Bridge-buildings, Edinburgh, returning her grateful acknowledgments to those gentlemen who have hitherto favoured her with her support, begs respectfhlly to assure them, and all who may patronise her, that every attention to their comfort will continue to have her un remitting care. Your Committee regret much the length to which their ob servations on the merits of your line, and those with which it has been placed in competition, have extended. They will endeavour to condense, into as short a space as possible, the remaining points which it is essential they should bring before you. You will recollect that the original rough estimate of the rest of the Glasgow, Dumfries, and Carlisle Railway, was at the rate of 13,000/. per mile. Mr. Miller, your engineer, has not completed the detailed plans of the works, so as to enable him to say whether any reduction can be made upon the estimate, but he assures your Committee that there is no chance of its being exceeded. The amount, therefore, which will be required to finish your line, will be under 1,200,000/. Of this sum above four fifths have been sub scribed and paid on, being more than is required by the Standing Orders in Parliament to entitle your Bill to pass, even if you apply for your whole line from Kilmarnock to Carlisle; whilst, if your Committee shall, on mature consideration, consent to the Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock, and Ayr Railway Company proceeding with their Bill, to the effect of taking power to execute the portion of the Line between Kilmarnock and Cumnock, under an obligation to convey it or lease it in perpetuity to you, if you desire it, the amount which has been subscribed will be considerably more than is required. In these circumstances, your Committee have resolved not to issue at present any additional shares. Your Committee have had very satisfactory communications from roost of the proprietors of land along the railway. They have also received assurances of support from many of the Corporations in the west of Scotland, and particularly from the towns of Dum friee and Annan, in which both the magistrates and inhabitants have resisted various attempts to draw them off, and have unani. mously declared in your favour. The counties of Ayr, Renfrew, and Kircudbright, have also passed resolutions approving of your line. The Meeting will be addressed by the Hon. C. P. Villiers, M.P. ; Richard Cobden, Esq., M.P.; and John Bright, Esq., M•P• Cards of admission may be had on application at the Offices of the League, on Monday and Tuesday, between the hours of eleven and four o'clock. Mrs. Dow's lodgings being centrally situated betwixt the New and Old Town, and within a few minutes walk of the Post, Coach, Rail way-offices, and Banks, are peculiarly calculated for the convenience of commercial gentlemen. Applications for Frirate Boxes to be made personally, or by letter, on Monday. SCHWEPPE and Co., Wine-merchants, are now bottling PORTS of the highest character, at 305., 329., 345., and 365. per dozen, to which they respectfully invite the attention of their friends and the public. Fine old crusted wines, from two to eight years in bottle, at 425., 453., 485., bOs., and 549. per dozen; very superior Sherries, pale, brown, and gold coloured, from 305., 345., 365., 405., and upwards; also a curious Amontillado Sherry at 50s. A large stock of all description of wines constantly on hand, in clnding a rare selection of Hocks and Moseßes, received direct from their own agent on the Rhine. The cards of registered Members will admit, as heretofore, to the Pit and Galleries. Doors to be opened at Half-past Six o'clock. SHEFFIELD PLATE. MESSRS. HORTON and Co., Silversmiths and Jewellers, 36, Ludgate-street, St. Paul's, opposite Messrs. Everingten's, offer to their Friends and the Public, at im. measly reduce , ' prices, their STOCK of GENUIVE PLATED GOODS, which they warrant t• be the manufacture of the first Sheffield Houses, and. are of the most tasteful and modern designs, comprising Dish Covers, Corner Dishes, Waiters, Ice Pails, Cake Baskets, Coffee and Tea Sets, Candlesticks, and every other article useful and ornamental. No common Birmingham ware kept.' A large stock of JEWELLERY and WATCHES, Fancy Silvei and other articles, t such prices as must be well worthy the notice of the public J. S. and Co. 1- - ,eg respectfully to observe that their principle of business is not to sell a low priced article at the expense of quality, but to supply their friends with the finest wines that are Imported, at as low a price for cash as may be commensurate with a fair and mo• Berate profit. _ . Lists of wines and prices sent on application, and country orders mmediatelv attended to on receiving a eash remittance or a re forence.-61tice, 51, Berner's-street ; eellars, 27, Marshall-street, Regent-street. TEA TRAYS, Tea Urns, Knives and Forks, Dish Covers, &c., at C. WATSON'S, 41 and 42, BARBICAN, and 16, NORTON-FOLGATE. Established half a century.-1 set of 3 Paper Tea-trays, including the largest size made, 355. ; very richly ornamented all over, 50s. a Set of Three, and up to 141. ; Ja pan Tea-trays, 7s. f,d. a Set, and upwards ; a Five Quart London made Bronze Tea-urn 355., with the newest patterns up to five gui neas ; a Sot of Aix patent raised London made Dish Givers, 18s. 6d. ; best imperial: at ed, . Set of Six. Elegant silver shape, 525. 6d. Set of Six. CABINET UPHOLSTERY, Carpet, Blanket, and Redding Manufactory, at the LONDON FRIENDLY UNION, No. 16, Great Windmill-street, Haymarket, late Dr. Hunter's Museum. Saving of 30 to 50 per cent., no other profit being required than sufficient to defray the expenses. Established for the sole purpose of giving employment. The Committee beg to acquaint the Subscribers and the public, that they are determined to do their duty in getting up good and substantial work, and as they have had every facility in procuring the driest and beet wood London can produce, the Cabinet Furni. ture is made of the most seasoned materials ; and all goods disposed of at this Establishment will be warranted. They therefore, being the real manufacturers, earnestly solicit a trial, as the only criterion by which the merits and decided advantages of purchasing of them can be fairly estimated. The Establishment is likewise a depot for all kinds of Fancy and Ornamental Work, which will be re. ceived of poor families from all parts of the kingdom. London Friendly Union, No. 16, Great Windmill.street, Har market, late Dr. Hunter's Museum._ Ivory Tab e-knives, Is. per dozen, Dessert, 9s. ; Carvers, 3s. 6d. Per Tour Committee have thus laid fully before you the details of the entice scheme of railway communication from England to Scotland, of which your line forms a part. They feel perfect con fiden.ce in its superiority over each other, as being best calculated to promote the interests of Scotland ; and they will proceed quietly but zealously, with their preparations for the approaching examina. tion of its merits before the Board of Trade and Parliament. By order of the Provisional Committee, Glasgow, Nov. 15, 1844. Whf. LOGIE, Interim-See. TABLE. DESSERT. CARVERS. doz. doz. pair. handsome balance handle .... 18a. Od. 149. Od. Gs. 6d. 1-in balance handle, largest and best made— ............ —.••. • . • • 20e. Ocl. 16s. lid. Is. 6d. Ditto with Watson's Albata Plate handles, equal to 5i1ver.......... 225. 6d. 18s. 04. Bs. 6d. Forks half the above price. Secondly —Your Committee beg to refer you to the Comparative Table of Distances on the accompanying Map, from which you will observe-1. That the North British Railway, in connexion with the projected lines from London to York, and from Newcastle to Berwick, affords the shortest communication from London, Leeds, Hull, and Newcastle, to Edinburgh and Stirling; and that, not only by the Fife Line, but even by the Scottish Central Rail way, which would be reached by the Eeinburgh and Glasgow Railway, it forms the shortest route from Loudon and the important towns ahommentioned to Perth, Dundee, and Aberdeen. 2. That the Edinburgh, Ifawick, and Carlisle Railway affords the shortest line trom Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, Bristol, &c., to Edinburgh ; and. in connexion with the Fife and Northern Noes, to Perth, Dundee, and Aberdeen. 3. That the Glasgow, Dumfries, and Carlisle Railway is the shortest route from London and the whole of England to Dumfries, Kirkcudbright, Port. Patrick, for the north of Ireland, Kilmarnock, and Ayr ; and that, allowing fur the superiority of its gradients over those of the Caledonian Line, on the principles of comparison established by the Royal Commissioners in their Report of 1841, it afrords the shortest ommunication, in point of speed and economy, with Paisley and Greenock. The only disadvantage, in point ef distance, is in the case of Glasgow; in regard to which, however, on the principles laid down in the Commissioners' Report, the difference between the two lines is reduced to 13i miles, or less than half an hour in point of time. Thirdly.—The sections of the Caledonian, and Glasgow, Dumfries, and Carlisle Lines, not having been deposited, it is impossible as yet to speak accurately on the subject of gradients. It is quite certain, however, that the gradients of the former will be inferior to those of the latter. The following are quotations from a report made on the comparative merits of the two lines by Mr. Locke, the engineer of the Caledonian Railway, in 1836. In speaking of what is new called the Caledonian Line, ho says, " lat first directed my attention to this route, which, as far as Beattock bridge, near Moffat, I found tolerably favourable ; in proceeding farther, however, the valley for several miles rises very rapidly, until reaching the summit near Elvanfoot, where it attains the height of nearly 1,000 feet above the level of the sea—Beattock.bridge; which is only 10 miles distant, being only about 300 feet above the level of the sea. In 10 miles, then, the rise is nearly 700 feet, which, supposing it to be uniform the whole way, would give an inclination of 1 in 75.* Net wishing to recommend a line having such a plane," tic. But in speaking of the line by Dumfries, Mr. Locke says—" Of the levels of this route, I may say, that from Carlisle to Dumfries, about thirty miles, the only inclinations will be these which it may be desirable to encounter for the purpose of saving money, those two towns being nearly on the same level. With the exception of the bridges across the Rivers Eden, Esk, Sark, and Annan, which will neither be high nor very long, no very considerable outlay will be required. The ground in some parts is undulating, but not so as to render the formation of the road either difficult or expensive." And again, with reference to the portion of the line between Dumfries and Thornhill, he says _." The levels in this part extending over a space of almost forty railes,t will be nearly uniform, and gradually ascending for the whole distance ; and with the exception ef a short length of about 1 1, , miles, about 1 in 180, I do not believe there will be a greater inclination than what is generally admitted in forming railways in England." And, is regard to the rest of the line, he says, that " although undulating, the road will not, I should think, be unfa. vourable for locomotive engines." C. Watson'. handsomely Illustrated Catalogue and Price Current Is just published, and families who regard economy and elegance, should possess themselves of this useful book, which may be had gratis, and post free, from the above address. Sole inventor of the celebrated Albata Plate, which Is so rapidly superseding Silver. 't In 1840 Mn Locke prepared an amended plan, whereby his gradient of 1 in 75 was to some extent improved, but to accomplish this he was obliged to have recourse to severe cutting and banking, which would, of course, add proportionally to the expense of the W. CROFTON, secretary. SPLENDID FIGURED SATIN and SILK DAMASKS; rich Figured and Plain Silk Taberets for Window-curtains ; Gentlemen's Velvet, Satin, and Fancy Silk Waistcoat-pieces ; Ladies' Silk Handkerchiefs and Scarfs, of every description, of Spitalfields and other British manu facture, at a saving of from 30 to 50 per cent., no other profit being required than is sufficient to defray the ex penses. Also a depot for the sale of all kinds of Fancy and Orna mental Work, which is received from poor families, at the LONDON FRIENDLY UNION, No. 16, Great Windmill. street, Haymarket, late Dr. Hunter's Museum. Established for the sole purpose of giving employment. The Committee beg to acquaint the Subscribers and public that every article disposed of at this Establishment will be warranted of the best manufacture and the finest materials; they also re spectfully inform the Subscribers that artisans recommended by them will have the preference. - PATENP PARAGON CAMPIIINE LAMPS.—The perfection of these Lamps over the Vesta has been happily attained by the inven tion of two parallel fiat rings —a larger and a smaller forming a cone round the margin of the wick, which cause a rapid reverberation of air against the flame—thus consuming every particle of volatilized vapour, it is free from smoke or smell, having perfect combustion, and in full action, emits a light equal to 16 wax candles. C. Watson's Warehouses, 41 and 42, Barbican, and 16, Norton Fol gate, will contain, throughout the season, all the most elegant re cherche, and new patterns, comprising Ormolu, China, Glass, and Opal. Old Oil Lamps fitted with the Paragon Head for 21s. ; and the Paragon apparatus applied to the Vesta for 6s. The spirit analysed and recommended by Dr. I're, is delivered in screw cans by C. Wat- SOl'B carts, at 4s. per gallon. 41 and 42, BARBICAN, and 16, NORTON FOLGATE. + The summit is only 600 feet. f The total population on the line between Glasgow and Car. ,sle, by Dumfries, including the termini, is 590;296. NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR ANCE SOCIETY, 26, CORNHILL, Laliilol7. Capital £500,000. Binpowered by Act of Parliament- M1'1810.15 OF PROFITS. Ths steady success and increasing prosperity of the Society has enabled the Directors, at the last annual investigation declare a seoond Bonus, averaging 60 per cent. on the amounts Inv on each Policy eitecteai on the Profit scale. INFLUENZA, COUGHS, AND COLDS. - LILCO'S ESSENCE of LINSEED is the most I 7 efficacious remedy ever discovered for the relief of persoes suffer— ing from Influenza ; the two first doses generally arrest the progress of this distressing complaint, and a little perseverance completely removes it. Children's Coughs, as well as recent ones in adults, will be removed by a few doses (frequently by the first), and asthmatic persons, who previously had not been able to lie down in bed, have received the utmost benefit from the use of London Friendly Union, No. 16, Great Windmill-street, Hay market, late Dr. Hunter's Museum. W. CROFTON, Secretary. PUBLICATIONS. SIMCO'S ESSENCE OF LINSEED, Sold by A. WILLOUGHBY and Co. El, Bishepgate-street. With. out, and all Medicine Venders, in bottles at Is. I%d. or 2s. 9d eack SIR ROBERT AND LADY SALE. MR. FINDEN has the hon our t o announce that he is preparing for immediate publication, ENGRAV INGS from the PORTRAITS of SIR ROBERT and LADY SALE, and their Daughter, Mrs. STURT, with her CHILD. Painted by 11. T. BOTT, Esq. Mr. Finden is authorised in stating that of the several Pictures of these distinguished persons, those painted by Mr. Bott are the only ones approved of as like nesses by the family and immediate friends of Sir Robert and Lady Sale. He is in possession of the highest testimonials to that effect. They were painted immediately before their departure for India, and derive additional interest from the sittings having been given by Sir Robert Sale in the stress he usually wore at Jallelabad, and Lady Sale in that which she used in Captivity, lii which dresses they are represented. A Prospectus, with full particulars, will be issued forthwith, when the Paintings will be exhibited, of which due notice will be given. 18, Southanipton.place, Euston square, London, Dec. 7, 1844. ROWLAND'S MACASSAR OIL. Patronised by her Majesty THE QUEEN," H. R. H. PRINCE ALBERT, the Royal Family, and the set cral Sovereigns end Courts of Europe. This Elegant, Fragrant, and Transparent Oil, in its preservative, restorative, and beautifying qualities, is unequalled over the whole world. It preserves and reproduces the hair, even at a late period of life ' • prevents it from falling off or turning grey ; restores grey h a i r to its original colour ; trees it from scurf and dandriff, and renders it soft, silky, curly, and glossy. , Facts abundantly proved by innu merable testimonials, which are open for inspection at the Pro prietors. It preserves its virtues unimpaired by ,the change of cli mate, and is alike in use from the frigid to the torrid zone—from the assemblies of St. Petersburgh to these of Calcutta and the remote East. To Children, it is especially recommended as forming the basis of a Beautiful Head of Hair!!! irieeK6d.:7;., - i - ;noilillottles (equal to four small) 10s. Gcl., and double that size 21s. w £A UTION.—Each genuine bottle has the word% ROWLAND'S MACASSAR OIL engraved in two lines on the Wrapper; and on the back of the Wrapper nearly 1,500 times, containing t...).025 letters. Sold by the Proprietors . A. ROWLAND and SON, 20, Hatton garden, London, and by Chemists and Perfumers. All others are Fraudulent Counterfeits: !I HARRY LORREQUER'S NEW WORK. On the 30th of December, with the Magazines, THE O'DONOGIIUE ; a Tale of Ireland Fifty Years Ago. No. I. To be continued Monthly, price One Shil ling, with Illustrations by K. IL Browne (Phlz). Dublin : William Curry, jun., and Co. ; W. S. Orr and Co., Lon don; FraKer and Co., Edinburgh. Sold by all Booksellers in Great Britain and the Colonies. On lot January, 1845, No. 1., Price Twopence, and Part 1., in a stitched cover, containing Four Numbers, price Ninepence, of a PEOPLE'S EDITION of the 1 - 4 IFE of SIR. WALTER SCOTT. By J. 0. LOCKHART, Esq. To be completed in One Volume, uniform with the Waverley Novels, now in progress. R. Cadet], Edinburgh ; Iloulston and Stoneman, London. Fourthly.—The population of the parishes intersected by tho Caledonian Railway, from the point where it loaves the route of the Glasgow, Dumfries, and Carlisle Railway at Gretna, to the point where the branches diverge at Lanark, a distance of about sixty five miles, is, Caledonian Line 28,195 While the population on your line, between the Caine point Just published, in Two Thousand Pages, royal Svo., price 305., The POST - OFFICE LONDON DIRECTORY for 1845. Principal divisions of the work :—Ofticial Directory, Street Directory, Commercial Directory, Trades' Directory, Law Di rectory, Court Directory, Parliamentary Directory, Postal Directory, City Directory, Conveyance Directory, Banking Directory, Assutance Directory ; with a very great amount of general information. For Reviews of the work, which is now the only London Directory pub lished, FCC Chronicle, 15th ult. • Herald, 19th ult. ; Post, 16th ult. ; Advertiser, 15th ult. ; Sun, 11th ult. ; Globe, 16th ult. ; Dispatch, 17th nit. ; John Bull, 23d ult. ; Britannia, 16th tilt. ; Spectator, 16th nit. ; llerapath'i Journal, 16th ult. ; Illustrated London .News, 16th ult. ; and The Times of the 4th inst._ _ _ and liilin aruock, is ..... Difference... 52,491 The population of the parishes on the two branches leading to Edinburgh and Glasgow respectively, including those on the Clydes. dale Junction Line, as contrasted with the population of the parishes which lie up the West of Scotland Railways, at present terminating at Kilmarnock, and their proposed branches (excluding, however, in• both cases, the cities of Edinburgh and Glasgow, which would be alike accommodated by the two schemes), would he, Caledonian Branches .. West of Scotland Railways 202,544 Difference 76,576 The total population on the Caledonian Line, and on the Glas. gow, Dumfries, and Carlisle, 2..1 Edinburgh, 11,1wick 2 and Carlisle Lines (excluding, as before, the cities of Edinburgh and Glasgow, and that part of the line south of Gretna. common to both), is, On Caledonian Hallway On Glasgow, Dumfries, and Carlisle Rai1way,V243,2.30 t On H a wick Line Difference The particulars of each of these calculations are annexed to :his Report, so that there may be no possibility of doubt on the subject. Fifthly.—With regard to traffic, your Committee are now enabled to speak with more confidence, in consequence of having, since the date of their Prospectus, taken measures to ascertain its amount accurately, both on your own and on the Caledonian Line. The result is, that upon the line of the Glasgow, Dumfries, and Car lisle Railway, the thorough and local traffic, taken together, is suf ficient to ensure an adequate return; but the thorough traffic be tween Glasgow and England, including, of course, what passes along the road by Beattock, as well as what passes by the other groat road from Kilmarnock to Carlisle, is quite insufficient to do so. It amounts to not more than 40 per cent. of the whole truffle which will pass along your line. Were the whole of this trans ferred, without competition, to the Caledonian Line, on which the local traffic is trifling, it would not yield interest on its cost. Your Committee do not feel any hesitation in speaking of the small amount of local traffic on the Caledonian Line, because their statement is confirmed by the recorded opinion of the Royal Com. missioners, already quoted ; and no one who has travelled along the Beattock.road between Carlisle and Glasgow, by daylight, will fail to remember that there are from twenty to thirty miles where the sight of a cottage or a human being is a rarity. Your Committee are aware that much reliance is placed by the Caledonian Company on their prospect of traffic from the north ef Scotland to England, by means of their connexion with the projected Central Railway from Stirling to Perth. The Table of Comparative Distances, to which your attention has already been directed, will enable yon to judge how far this traffic, whatever its amount may be, is likely to pass along the Caledonian Line, which is more cir cuitous than either the North British or Hawick Lines. But, In point of fact, tho number of persons who travel south from Stirling_ shire or Perthshire, without having occasion to visit Edinburgh and Glasgow on their way, is extremely small. Indeed, most of you are probably already aware, that although there is a direct turnpike.. road, laid out by the late Mr. Telford, between Carlisle and Stir ling, acre is ncr, 3 single stage-coach or pm... conveyance upon it, and it is deeply in debt. Oa the other band, with reference to the general prospect of traf f ic on your own line, the following passage in the Report of Mr. Locke, in 1836, may be interesting to you :—" Of the advan tage to all the towns in Scotland, through or near to which this line will pass, no adequate idea can be formed. They exist in the most favourable part of Scotland, requiring only a cheap means ef trans port to develope the many resources they possess. Several of these towns have already grown Into some importance; and it should be an object with tie proprietors of the soil, and with the manufac turers of the district, to encourage the formation of a road like the one proposed, so as to extend to them the benefits which it is capable of affording." Sixthly.—There are various other points in regard to which the superior advantages offered by the Edinburgh, Ilawick, and Car lisle Railway, and the Glasgow, Dumfries, and Carlisle Railway, require only to be briefly indicated. (1.) The former will open up a connexion between the counties of Berwick, Selkirk, Peebles, and Roxburgh, and the north-west of England, and south-west of Scotland. These Scotch counties already combine the highest state of agricultural improvement, with a growing woollen mann. facture. (2.) In the neighbourhood of Langholm there are very rich seams of coal which are at present landlocked, but the produce of which the Hawick Line s. ill be the means, not only of bringing to the coast, but also of carrying farther into the interior, which is at present suffering from the want of it. (3.) The Dumfries Line, by giving a communication both from the south and north, with the seapoit of Annan, affords to the whole of that district of country the means of communication with the best harbour on the upper part of the Solway Frith. (4.) The Caledonian Line would, even if a branch were made to Dumfries, afford very inferior ac commodation to that town, and to the counties of Kircudbright and Wigton, from which a large number of cattle are at present sent, partly by sea and partly by land, to England. (5.) The Caledonian Line would, in like manner, afford a very inferior communication between the north of England and the north of Ireland, either by way of Port Patrick or the seaports on the coasts of Ayrshire. (Lastly.) The Caledonian Railway would place in a less advan. tagcous position the whole population of the counties of Ayr and Renfrew, which, together, contain 319,428 inhabitants, being more than twice as many as the whole of Lanarkshire, exclud. ing Glasgow. Atter the details which have now been given you, you will not be surprised to hear that the Caledonian Railway, while It receives a certain degree of support from the promoters of the Scottish Obn • tral Railway, is opposed by alino.t all the ether railway interests in Scotland, including the Edinburgh and Glasgow, the North British, the Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock, and Ayr, the Glasgow, Dumfries, and Carlisle, and the lines extending through Fifeshfre to the north of Scotland.", Indeed, the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway Company have the I strongest interest, and, at the same time, the strongest Parlia mentary grounds for opposing the Caledonian scheme, in conse quence of the two forks of the latter undertaking being so laid out as to form a competing line for the traffic between Edinburgh and Glasgow, net more than eight or nine miles longer than the direct route, and thus flailing under the class of schemes which the select— CONVULSIONS IN TEETHING. MRS.JOHNSON ' S AMERICAN SOOTHING SYRUP. This efficacious Remody has been in general use for upwards of Thirty Years, and has preserved numerous Children when Rif/Wring from Convulsions arising from painful Dentitton. As soon as the Syrup is rubbed en the Gums, the Child will be relieved, the Gums cooled, and the inflammation reduced. It is as innocent as efficacious, tending to produce the Teeth with case; and so pleasant, that no Child will refuse to let its Gums be rubbed with it. Parents should be very particular to ask for JOHNSON'S AMERICAN SOOTHING SYRUP, and to notice that the names of Barclay and Sons, AS, Farringdon-street, London (ta whom Mrs. Johnson has sold 'he r , cipe), are on the Stamp affixed to ach Bottle. Price 2s. 9d. per Bottle. LAMERT ON DEBILITY, NERVOUSNESS, AND ALL DISORDERS ARISING FROM EXCESS, &c. " He who in pleasure's downy arms Ne'er lost his health or youthfu lcharms, A here lives, and justly can Exclaim, IN me behold a man I" Just published (in a sealed envelope), Tenth Edition, price . 21. 6d., or sent by post, free, to any address, 3s. 64., SELF-PRESERVATION : a Popular Essay on those concealed disorders originating In youthful excesses, and terminating in Nervous Debility, Local and Constitutional Weakness, and all those Sinking., Anxieties, and Tremors, which afflict the Weak, the Sedentary, and the Delicate. With Practical Observations on Marriage, and on the Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases of the Reproductive Organs, with plain Directions for their perfect Restoration. By SAMUEL LAMERT, Consulting Surgeon f, BEDFC3RD-STREET, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON, Matriculated Member of the University of ildinburgb, Honorary Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, Licentiate of - - Apothecary's Hall, Londen,&c. The various positions of Lover, Hutiband, and Parent, the in herent privileges of mankind, are frequently marred and preventod througt the follies and frailties of early indiscretions. To such, among others, this Essay addresses itself ; and by its perusal many questioruemay be satiefactnrily adjusted that admit of no appeal even to the most confidential friend."—Stafford Gazette. s , Long experience in the treatment of a class of diseases hitherto neglected and most imperfectly understood by the great bulk of the medical profession, has enabled the writer to prove that there are concealed causes of Nervous Debility In exigence, where the were routine pmctitioncr would ■ever dream of finding them ; traccaole to certain habits, forming the most secret, yet deadly, and al springs of demestie misery, and premature mortality."—Wakefield Journal. Published by the Author, and sold in London by S. Gilbert, M and 52, Patereiester-row; Stacie, 23, Pichborne-street, Quadrant, Regent street ; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford-street ; Noble, 114, Chanoery. lane; Gordon, led, Draderthall-street ; and by all Booksellers. At home every day till Three, and from Five till Eight. A NEW AND IMPORTANT EDITION OF THE SILENT FRIEND ON HUMAN FRAILTY. Just published, price Ss. NI., and free by post (In a sealed envelope), Price as. 6d., THE SILENT FRIEND;_ a Medical Work on Human Frailty and Physical Decay, its causes, and the ge, baneful effects of excessive indulgence and infection, illustrated i en fic s at ° io n ns:. Marriage, and directions for theby engravings, guff, wcertainithobdsierquaatii Sy R. and L. PERRY and CO. Published by th 4 Authors, and sold at their Residence, 19, Butlers. street, Oxford-street; also by Strange, 21, Paternoster-row; Purkis, Compton-street, Soho; Noble, 109 , Chancery-lane • Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford-street; J. G e rd o n , 146 , LeadenhaLstreet, Lon don ; and: by all Booksellers in Town and Country. orraieNs OF THE PRESS. _ . THE never-failimr effects of BLAIR'S GOUT and RHEUMATIC PILLS in curing every description of Gout and Rheumatism, have secured to them a celebrity unequalled by any Medicine of past or present times.jahey not only give relief in a few hours, where the patient has been driven nearly to madness by the excruciating tortures of tnis disease, but restore to perfect health in an inconceivably short space of ime. They are equally speedy and cc:Lain in rheumatism, either chronic or acute, lumbago, sciat ea, pains in the heal or face, and Ind, , ed for every rheumatic or gouty afreeticn ; in fact, such has been the rapidity, perfect ease, and Complete safety of this ineslicine that it has astonished all who have taken it, and there is scarcely a city, town, or village in the kingdom, but contain: many grateful evidences of its benign influen e. The toll,wing case, selected from among those with which the pro. victor has been Evoured, is submitted to the public : r' We regard the - ;:vOrk before us, The Silent Friend,' as a work embracing most clear and practical views of a series of com plaints hitherto little understood, and passed over by the majority of the Medical profession, for what reason we are at a losst o know. We must, however, confess that a perusal of this work has left such a favourable impression on our minds, that we not only recommend, but cordially wish every one who is the victim of past folly, or suffer ing from indiscretion, to profit by theadvice contained in its pages." —Age and Argus. Tke',Authors of g The Silent Friend,' seem to be thoroughly conversant with the treatmeet of a class of complaints which are, we fear, too prevalent in the present day. The perspicuous style in which this book is written, and the valuable hints it conveys to those who are apprehensive of entering the marriage state, cannot fall to recommend it to a careful perusal."—Era. The CORDIAL BALM of SYRIACUM is exclusively directed for the cure of nervous and muscular debility, impuissance, fte. Price II s. and 235. per bottle. Sold by all Medicine Vendors, of whom may be had the " Silent Friend." The Five Pound ases may be had as usual. PERRY'S PURIFYING SPECIFIC PILLS are the most effectua cure for syphilis and secondary symptoms in both sexes, price:lt. 9d. 4s. 6d., and lls. per box. Consultation fee, if by letter, U. A minute detail of cases is ne cessary. Messrs. Perry are in daily attendance, for Consultation, at their residence, 19, literners - street, Oxford-street, London from Eleven till Two, and Five till Eight, and on Sundays from 'Fee till Twelve, Ono personal visit only is nt=cel arxto etrect &permanent curs • TO MR. PROLTT, 229, STRAND. Hurst, Sussex, Nov. 6, 1P43. Str,—l have the pleasure to inform you that a t erson holding an official situation, noticing in one of my bills that 1 was agent for Blair's Gout and Rh eumat i c Pills, was induced to try them; he sent for a boa, and h a d on l y t a k en them one day before he found wonder ful radio. The second day he was able to walk without his crutches, and on the fourth day was completely cured and able to perform his ordinary occupation. Previous to this he was generaty laid up every year for several weeks, attet leeches and fomentations had been applied, and medl. sine, taken to no purpose. I have obtained the above statement from a personal interview, had have sent this for publication if you think it worthy, and shall be :no t happy at any time to satsify any party desirous of ascertaining its authenticity.—l am, Sir, your obedient servant THOMAS WYBORN, Chemist. Sold by Thomas Prout, 229, Strand, London, and by his appcint. ment by all respectable medicine vendors throughout the 'United Kingdom. Price 'is. I'd per box. Ask for Blair's Gout and Rheumatic Pills, and observe the name and addrese of " Thomas Prout, 229, Strand, Lonion," impressed upon the Government Stamp affixed to each box of the gentian Medicine. ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED in ALL THE THREE PAPERS, Morning Noon, and Ni g ht, thereby insuring a TOWN and COVNTRY CIRCULATION, at ONE CHARGE. MEETING of the MEDICAL PRO FESSION TO OPPOSE SIR J. GRAIIAM'S BILL. A numerously attended and most respectable meeting of the general medical practitioners in London and Westminster, was held on Saturday evening, in the Hanover-square Rooms, for the two fold object of forming themselves into an association for the better protection of their interests, and for the purpose of petitioning Government to grant them a charter of incorporation. Among other gentlemen on the platform we ob served Messrs. Pennington, Levies, Wright, Massey, Morrah, Clayton,Dodd, Craddock, Bryant, Perigrine, Lucas, &c. &c. Mr. Pennington was called to the chair. The SECRETARY having read a number of letters from friends to the objects for which the meeting was called, added that it was in contemplation to unite the Marylebone with the General Association.—(Hear.) The CRAIRMAN then very briefly explained the objects which had called them together. He adverted to the probable effects which would be produced by the Bill of Sir James Graham, and dwelt upon the neces sity for a thorough co-operation in opposing the mea sure. He said, if the Bill were carried there would be an end to the respectability, as well as the efficiency, of the medical profession. It would be obnoxious to the public in other respects; but if it were only on that ground alone, it rendered it imperative for the profes sion to exert themselves to get up such an opposition as should ultimately defeat the measure. He called upon those gentlemen who would address the meeting after him, to urge the necessity of an extensive or ganisation amo ngs t th e genera l practitioners, and to advocate modifications in the Apothecaries' Act. Mr. MORRAII then proposed the first resolution, " That this meeting is decidedly of opinion, that prior to the passing of any Bill for the regulation of the practice of medicine and surgery, it is of the utmost im portance to the interests of the public that the general practitioners of medicine, surgery, and midwifery should be legally recognized, and placed in an inde pendent position ; and that the executive Government be respectfully and earnestly requested to suspend the further consideration of the Bill, laid before Parlia ment at the close of the last session, until this object has been attained." Which was seconded by Mr. PROBART ; who strongly denounced Sir James Graham's Bill, and said they ought to have a charter for themselves. The resolution was then put and carried unani mously. Mr. MASSEY , in moving the second resolution, " That in furtherance of the object of the former re solution it is the opinion of this meeting that an assn. ciation should be immediately formed under the title of ' The Association of General Practitioners in Medi cine, Surgery, and Midwifery,' " said, the principles contained in it needed no advocacy to make it be re ceived by that meeting in the most cordial manner. It was seconded by Mr. SMITH, and, like the first, carried amid acclamation. Mr. FULLER moved the third resolution :—" That this association use its best efforts to obtain a com plete organization of the general practitioners, for the purpose of petitioning for a charter of incorporation, to be sanctioned by Act of Parliament, and for taking such other steps as circumstances may from time to time render necessary for the protection of their inte rests," which was seconded by Mr. Tegart, and sup ported by Dr. Webb. Mr. CLAYTON moved the fourth resolution :—" That the Society of Apothecaries be solicited to co-operate with this Association, in furthering the objects of the preceding resolution," which was seconded by Mr. Grant, and carried. Mr. FREEMAN proposed the fifth resolution : "That a Provisional Committee of thirty-one mem bers, with power to add to its number, and of which not less than seven shall form a quorum, be elected by this meeting to carry the objects of the foregoing re solution into effect; also to frame laws for the consti tution and government of the Association, to be sub mitted to a general meeting for its approval. Mr. Lucas seconded, and Mr. T. H. COOPER, sup ported it. lie had not at first intended to address the meeting, but a paper had been put into his hand from which he thought it advisable to read an extract, and to which he craved their undivided attention. It was extracted from a medical paper, published in Dublin, and speaking of the Lancet, and the profession in Eng land. The writer said : " The articles in the Lancet, both original and com municated, afford a melancholy proof of the brutal and degraded condition of the lower order of medical tradesmen in England.—(Laughter and hisses.) We are not quite satisfied that the safety of the community demands that such fellows should be placed under efficient control and surveillance, as the temper and spirit they display fully proves that they are an igno rant, uneducatedaungovernable race, utterly unfit to be entrusted with the duty of soberly and honestly treating disease, or to have the lives of people placed at their mercy." The reading of the paragraph was frequently inter rupted by derisive cheers and laughter. Dr. BROWN moved—" That the Provisional Com mittee be empowered to form an union with this Association of the different societies of general prac titioners, in town and country, instituted for general objects, and that upon its formation one of its first duties shall be to petition the Legislature against the re-introduction of Sir James Graham's Bill, and to use every- means against its passing through Par liament:' which, having been seconded, was adopted unanimously, and a Committee of Gentlemen was ap pointed to carry out the objects of the foregoing resolutions. After a vote of thanks to the Chairman, the meet ing broke up. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. THE Naw RAlLWAYS.—Saturday last has proved the most memorable 30th of November recorded in the history of the railway world-220 notices and plans of new rails were that night deposited on the shelves of the Board of Trade. Such a hurried, des perate week, as the last of November was never known. Engineers, solicitors, surveyors, litho graphers, engravers, slept only two nights out of six. Strings of cabs and carriages might be seen in long file at the doors of all engaged in the fray ; and as evening closed in, these were exchanged for travelling chaises and four fleet posters, ready to drive as fast as hoof and purse would carry, to anti cipate, if even by a second, the stroke of the mid night bell. Many of the plans have been deposited in a very imperfect state—some have not been deposited at all, or at least too late. But on the whole it is not too much to say that so extreme haste in surveying lines and getting ready for Parliament, was never before known. And now, what are Parliament and the Board of Trade to do ? The latter have now to examine, un derstand, compare, consider, and decide, the contend ing claims of 220 lines. We have begun to lay some of them down on our map, and already it is a confused unintelligible maze. The question now is how to get rid of half or two-thirds of the lines. The Standing Orders will not do it, for people—aye, and good people —have actually subscribed all the money, and are ready to subscribe more. Besides some of the very best lines may be those which have not, in some respects, complied with Standing Orders. We hear that the Board of Trade are in despair, and that all men are looking for some way out of the difficul ties arising from this deluge of schemes.—Railway Chronicle. STATE OF THE HOSIERY AND LACE TRADE. The condition of the workmea engaged in the hosiery trade remains much the same. The cut-up hose branch, which, a few months since, was appa rently in a flourishing state, has now become the most depressed; employment is very scarce, and no thing but complaints are heard on all sides, not only from the stockingers, but from the females engaged in this manufacture. The wrought-hose branch, though depressed, is something better than the cut-ups, but even those employed in this branch are suffering severely. The fine branch, that is, above 40-gauge cotton stockings, experiences a much duller demand than those under that quality, though the coarse cotton hose branch, under 30-guage, is extremely depressed in this district. The drawer and pantaloon branch is, if possible, worse than ever, It is natural to inquire, if these men are stopped and are unemployed, what has become of them ? We have made an investigation, and are assured that the stock ingers resort into the neighbouring counties, and have recourse to mendicity and other means to obtain sub sistence, not being willing to submit to the workhouse while they can subsist by any other means. The silk hosiery trade is gradually declining. As for plain silk hose and knotted hose, once the mainstay ' of Nottingham, they have become so flat as to employ but few workmen. The silk glove branch, though suffer ing severely, is, upon the whole, rather better than the other two branches. The bobbin-net trade is admitted on all hands to be extremely dull, and nets cannot be sold with any degree of facility. The machine owners however, no sooner find that they cannot sell their laces, than they attempt to make new patterns, which stopping their machines, they cease to produce. As for changing the cards with facility in patterns made with the jacquard apparatus, experience has proved that the changing a pattern causes a great hindrance in arranging the guide bars or guide brasses, and that a considerably less quantity is produced for every alteration. The silk warp lace trade, like every other branch of British silk manufacture, is in a very gloomy state ; and were it not that a certain portion of the warp frames are engaged in making cotton lap and press figured stripes, the situation of workmen would be indeed deplorable. In all the numerous branches of the hosiery and lace manufactures, there is only one that may be said to be in a tolerably healthy state, namely, the cotton tatting lace, in which branch the hands are fully employed.—Nottingham Review. The return published in Friday night's Gazette of the proceedings of the Bank of England, for the week ended the 6th instant, shows a further increase in the stock of bullion held by the institution. The amount, accordi to the present return, is 1 4 ,558, 3 36 1 . against 14,365,59 0 eehibited in that of the week preceding, the difference being 192,746/. The exchanges, though scarcely so high on Friday on some of the leading points of the Continent as they have been, continue decidedly favourable to this country, and, should the ordinary course of business not be interfered with by the action of foreign loans on the Money market, of which there are indications, it seems probable that there will be a further influx of the pre cious metals. The French loan is the principal financial operation in progress, and although the instalments into which it is to be divided will be spread over a long period of time, yet it is not by any means impossible that, of the portion taken by English capitalists, a good part may be remitted to Paris by anticipation. The great plenti fulness of money at the present time renders such a course the more convenient, indeed, as well as profitable, and therefore the more likely. The French railways will absorb a large amount of British capital ; the finan cial schemes of Holland and Belgium will also create a certain demand,'ner can it be doubted that a fair propor- tion of the large: mass of Three per Cent. Stock - now in the process of emission at Madrid will, by some means, whether direct or indirect, be made to replace a corres ponding amount of English treasure. The effect of the various operations glanced at will, in a few weeks' time, be more clearly developed. So great an array of de mands on the one hand, and a rate of interest reduced to the low figure of 2i per cent. on the other, are points in the review of our monetary concerns that should not be lost sight of. It is not the banks alone that will have to be vigilant, for, should it become necessary, by and bye, for the Threadneedle-street establishment to raise its rate of interest and contract its accommodation, prices will inevitably be affected. It cannot be supposed that Consols will then stand at a premium, or that the value generally of share property can be supported. The joint-stock interests, under the altered state of things supposed, will, however, if past experience be a fair guide to go by, suffer not only first in point of time, but by far the most severely. A . warning to share speculators is, accordingly, especially requisite when, with ao many threatening symptoms in the distance, the markets have become so unusually, not to say unreasonably inflated.— Post. CHANGE RlNGlNG.—Yesterday (Sunday), on the occasion of two sermons preached at St. John the Evangelist, Waterloo-road, Lambeth, by the Rev. Messrs. Irvine and Johnstone, on behalf of the Penny Cothing Society, a most beneficial one to the numerous poor of that populous parish, the church ringers rang a true and complete peal of grandsire trebles, containing 5,040 changes in the short time of three hours and three mi nutes. The following are the names of the ringers :- 1. Thomas Reece, treble ; 2. Samuel King; 3. Henry Day ; 4. James Pratt ; 5. Robert Jimeson ; 6. James Crane ; 7. John Cox ; 8. Robert Wood, tenor. BRISTOL SUGAR MARKET, DEC. 6.—We have had a very fiat week in sugar, and the sales reported are under 100 hhds; prices being with difficulty supported. Nothing doing in other descriptions of sugar. Rum dull, but the supply offering is small.—Bristol Mercury. ORIGINAL HARWICH RAILWAY.—It appears that this Company is the only one in a condition to enter the lists next session. Whatever party may be successful, there can be no doubt that the Government plan of con verting Harwich into a steam-boat harbour must be highly advantageous to a railway.—Railway Record. STATE OF TRADE.—The demand, except with the houses who travel, is much in the same state, the orders received being very small. A great many hands are out of employ. There is no prospect of any amount of business being done for the spring trade of the United States. Wool still remains firm, and yarns are not selling, at reduced rates, to any extent.—Leicestershire Mercury. POACHING.—The poachers, or some person or per sons, at present unknown, have made a good haul of at least 500 pheasants from the plantations of Sir E. Ker rison, round and near the Oakley Mansion. An investi gation has taken place, but the robbers have not yet been discovered.—Norfolk Chronicle. Immense quantities of cod-fish have been caught off this town—about a mile or two out—during the pre sent week. They have been sold remarkably cheap,—a fine fish, upwards of 20Ibs. weight, fetching only from la. 6d. to 2s. Large numbers, weighing 161b5., have been sold at Is. each.—Brighton Herald. HOMICIDE.—We regret to state that, on Wednes day night last, a dispute arose between two brothers-in law, in the town of Kilkeel, which had a fatal termina tion. The names of the parties are Kinney andliTa,dden. The altercation became so violent, and passion was so much excited, that the former lifted up a beetle and struck the other a heavy blow, which killed him on the spot. --Dozen Rererder. Win. Kelly and Co., Old Boswell-court ; and all Booksellers. Now ready at every Library, in 2 vols., AN T I-C ONING S B Y; Or, The New Generation Grown Old. " This is the most bitter, the most witty, and the most glover, political satire we have ever read."—Bell's Messenger. " From its first page to its last it is sparkling with genius, that scorches those on whom it touches, whilst it delights those who are but the spectators, by its brilliancy and beauty."—News of the World. " . " This is a very clever satire upon ' Coningsby,' its author, his opinions, his party, his friends, admirers, and supporters."—lltuit's Londou Journal. Second Eilition, also now ready, in 3 voLs., TIIE YOUNG WIDOW. " Power, feeling, and humour are discernible in the ' Young Widow,' and among tale writers its author occupies a place In thco front rank."—Athenreum. T. C. Newby, 72, Mortimer-street, Cavendish-square. Trill PHYSIOLOGY OF Tin: PASSIONS. " What passions hurt the body, What improve; Truths as refined as Athens even beard." The Fiftieth Thousand. Forty Engravings, price Is. by post, 18.6 d. ON CHASTITY—its Abuses and Diseases—On Matrimonial Eligibility and Unfitness —On Infeliciteas and Unproduet-ive Unions - -Curiosities of Medical Experience—Law o Divorce, Stc. Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, Licentiate of By It. J. CULVERVIrELL, M.D., the Mall, and twenty -aree years Resident Pract i t ioner in London. " Of human ills and f ra ilti es I discourse, Those taught by n a t ure an d by art tteguled. ti Of griefs conceal'd, and disappointments keen, Which young and gentle—the matured and sago— The lonely and the mated—all sustain In kindly spirit herein counsel's given, How health, how hope, how happiness to gain." Sherwood, 23, l'aternoster-row ; Carvalho, 147, Fleet-street , Llannay, 63, Oxford-street; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; and the Author, 21, Arundel-street, Strand.—A. home daily till Two : Evenings, seven till Nine. 4e ~- Jz . . , . . . . . _ . ... . ,• . • , • ''''' ' ' . .t - I. ' /..e. f 4 WLI ' . .1-. .. •.. , . - . - •?0.01Z.'• .DPI ', ..'':;--# • „,.!..f.: 3 • 4 4 3 ,1e69 •,: . . :‘ 4 l i rre f . f . - ‘i< P74t)killVfilo4lll` -. r . ' ,v 1t 2'4 ' • . ' :•:: -', :. ,, .. k ~., ilt / It z • A:, • • • , ... 4-' ", 4 ....7. ''',.\ 1 ' 1441 4 ~:.., .5 2 -: , i, — iiiT, . r -"" • `'• • ' l qik , '• ' * .., ..• Op •'. ' 4,.. 4 4 ' i 11i".",,, • '+' /-( 1 , I' .1; , :_q‘..16,1Lvi,..._ . ..w, 1i,... , r.._ 46 , .-- „ J r,. ~,. .If ~i , . 4,, ,, R z , - .4p,..54:..55A,!..:1:,,,,1ici:). OT. "`" ' s I ''' '`.'l:4' . \\ i ' „1... - : e , 1 - - -- 1 & z • ~;, " ..r, ~- . A.. 0 ....: I - . -..,- ~ ~,,,, 'lriit'.7' '.:4.7''''t'l* 4 415k1?rt. ' ' ''''' ' • ---;- I • ",-;-'. x •, \-z-...,;•,,, ya . .! 4. ) j •-,. -e_.-4-. F.-. \--,,,,,4,,,,t,1,-,--, ,-' i".,:...-- ' t LONDON, MONDAY EVENING DECEMBER 9, 1844. EXAMPLEII. 13. t •., p.m •,„„. i" i Premium. g 1 Bonus Bonus in gF. P. B .1 t A-r . , i added. Cash. F i--g ..s; I, .. • 3 ,, I,x £ s. d. ' X s. d. 43 s. d. £ s. d. £ s. de , '1837 170 9 3 77 5 112 3 346 2 3 ,1 50.100 74 3 4 1838 144 2 2 64 5 6 916 4 1 296 13 4 1 1839 116 16 0 51 511 711 91 247 4 5 The division of profits is annual, and the next will be made in De cember of the present year. This institution offers many important and substantial advan tages with respect both to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities. The assured has, on all occasions, the power to bornw, without ex pense or forfeiture of the Policy, two-thirds of the premium paid, (see table); also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion of his interests to meet other conveniences or necessity. Assurances tor terms of years are granted on the lowest possible rates. F. FERGUSON C.L.MROUX, Soc. BURGESS' ESSENCE of ANCHOVIES Warehouse, 107, STRAND, corner of the Savoy-steps, London JOAN BURGESS and SON, being apprised of the 'macrons es deavours made by many persons to impose a spurious article for their make, feel it incumbent on them to request the attention of the public, in purchasing what they conceive to he the original to ob serve the Name and Address correspond with the above. The gene ral appearance of the spurious descriptions will deceive the un guarded ; and, for their detection, J. B. and Son, submit the following cautions:—Sionte are in appearance at first sight, " the genuine," but without name or address ; some " Burgess's Essence of Anchovies," and others " Burgiss's ;" and many more without address. John Burgess and Son, having been many years honoured with such dis tinguished approbation, feel every sentiment of respect towards the public, and earnestly solicit them to inspect the labels previous to purchasing what they conceive to be of their make, which they Itepe will prevent many disappointments. BURGESS' NEW SAUCE, for general purposes, having given such great satisfaction, continues to be prepared by them, and is recom mended as a most useful and convenient sauce ; will keep good in all climates. Warekoise, 107, STRAND, sornsr of the Savoy-steps, Landon. The Original Fish-sauce Warehouse. T HE COAT AND THE STORM. IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT! The Public are specially informed that after Monday, December 9, the entrance, Sfl, Aldgate, will be closed, preparatory to the pulling down and re-erection of that portion of the premises. Until the completion of which, the Public will 134..- admitted at the entrance, Es 4, Minories. A " Coat" and a "! , torrn" met together one day With hostile intentions-6, we have heard say, The ladles had lo.ig been at odds, till at length They determined en having atrial of strength. ATI umpire was flx'd upon—namely, the wearer— A famous decision, for what could be fairer P The " Storm" in a fur Ems manner began, But the well-button'd " Coat" stood his ground like a man. " Storm" treated the cony' exceedingly rough, And rav'd at the pocket, the skirt and the cuff; Then he tried to tear open the seams of the back, Put the then, gallant " Coat" never yielded a crack. The " Storm" tried to drench his opponent with rain, But the water-proof" Coat" prov'd his efforts were vain; 'And while he thus vainly endeavour'd to wet it, "Coat" cried, with a laugh," Don't you wish you may get it?" The "Storm" after this was observ'd to give in, And the umpire seeing the garment would win, Deliver'd a speech which deserves to be lead— And here's, word for word, what the gentleman said :-- "This terrible battle," said he, " has been won By you, Mr. ('3A—thanks to M , )SES anil SON. Tea: furious Storm,' in the bursts of his wrath, Would have yain'd, were you made of a different cloth ; But MOSES and SON are not to be done, And that is the reason the fight has been won. With regard to myself, I can cerLinly see That the contest your've had is a lesson for me. Since you manage to keep such a Nrious storm From chilling, or any 11,,w tnrining my form, res.: - Iv'd that I'll do as I ever have done— And purchase all clothing of MOSES and SON." A new work, entitled "THE COMMERCIAL PHENO. MEMO 54," with full directions for Self-Measurement, on applica tion, will be forwarded post free. X s. d. ......_ ..._..— from I $ 6 Beaver Taolionis Ditto che , terfields Ditto Codringtons 0 13 6 Ditto Pemlitikes, Athels, Peltoes, and every description of ..:, Winter Coat, handsomely trimmed o •s' Winter Coats, in every style ll 8 6 Warm Winter Trousers, lined Ditto Doeskin dress Coats, ei,iged, Zse 1 I 0 Frock ditto,ditto ~ . Bolling Collar est Double-breasted Ditto Boys' Hussar Suits 0 17 6 Ditto Tusk, neatly braided .... ........ MADE TO kIEASURIL. Saxe Gotha Coats, velvet cellar and cuffs from 1 18 0 Winter Coats, in every style and Shape, hanelsomely trimmed 1 5 0 Milled Tweed Wrappers 0 17 6 Ditto, ditto, Trousers 0 8 6 Buckskin Ditto Doeskin Ditto, any pattern ............. ......... ......... ..... ...... Best, or Dress Trousers Cashmere Vest 0 7 0 Winter Ditto, in end'ess pattern .—.—..... Dress Coat Ditto, ditto, best manufactured 2 15 0 Frock Coat Ditto, the best manufactured 3 3 0 Boys' Hussar Suit. 1 '1 0 Ditto Tunic 4.lourning to any extent can be had at five minutes' notice, at the following prices s Men's Suits, dress coat, vest, and trousers from 1 16 6 ditto, jacket, vest, and tr0u5er5.—...............„—,„„fr0nt 0 18 0 IMPOWIANT.--Any article purchased or ordered, if not approved of, exchanged, or the money returned. Obsery c—E. MOSES and SON, Tailors Wholesale and Retail Woolen Drapers, Outfitters, and General 'Warehousemen, 154, Mi nories, and 86, Aldgate, City, opposite the Church. Carrriox.—E. Moses and Xon are obliged to guar the public 2.gainst imposition, having learned that the untradesmanlike falsehood of being connected with them, or it's the same concern, ass bean resorted to in many instances, and for obvious reasons. They have no connexion whatever with any other establishment, and those who desire genuine Cheap Clothing should (to prevent disappointment, arc.) call or send to, 154, Minories, or 86, Aldgate, opposite the Church. N.B. No business transacted at t s Establishment from sunset on Frtdav till so rset on saturday. when business is resumed till twelve o'clock. READY MARE. / ~; ~-- ~ 0?,,/ / //,7 ~~/ / \ -, 2/ A i ~~ it ,"~~~~ STATE OF TRADE. • FOREIGN WOOL TRADE, LEEDS, DEC. 6.—As usual at this advanced season of the year, only a limited' business has been done in Foreign Wools, but every confidence is felt of a favourable reaction at the com mencement of the new year. ENGLISH WOOL MARKET, LEEDS, DEC. 6.-. There has been a steady demand for both combing and clothing wools this week. Last week's prices are firmly maintained; but the rates which have been given to the farmers lately will not afford further supplies at a profit, unless higher prices can be realised in these markets. WAKEFALD WOOL MARKET, DEC. 6.—There is not the least variation in the prices or demand for either long or short wool this week, and purchases continue to be made with more confidence. LEEDS.—The markets at both cloth halls this week have been very dull. The season having now so far advanced, and the winter having hitherto been so mild, has had the effect, to a great extent, of prevent ing the sale of winter goods. The stocks are, how ever, by no means heavy in the hands of the manu facturers, and prices are steady. In the warehouses business has been correspondingly dull ; few buyers have been in the market, and there is little doing ex cept to order. The foreign houses are very quiet. BRADFORD MARKET, Tnuasnay.--There is no alteration in the demand for combing wools, and deep grown hogs and wethers are in fair request to meet the immediate wants of the consumer ; and as such kinds are not abundant, the difficulty of getting a supply from the growers, at prices to meet the buyers here, is not abated. The quantity coming to market is barely equal to the consumption. Hence comes the conflict as to whether an increased price can be realised, which the spinners now so strongly resist. The exceedingly depressed state of the yarn trade offers no encouragement to the spinners in any way to augment their productions, which is now very mate- . rially curtailed. Although yarns are somewhat readier sale, and a general feeling prevailing that., they have seen their lowest point, yet there is no dis position on the part of the buyers, either for home consumption or export, to buy, except at prices most ruinous to the producer. There is a tolerably good demand for piece goods made all from wool, such as lastings, damasks, mereens, and merinos • b u t the same improvement is not so apparent for Orleans, Co-. bourghs, and fancy goods, which are only corn manding prices very unsatisfactory ; and as this- is not the season when any material increase in the demand is usual, the manufacturers are acting with great caution, and limiting their production till they see a chance of realising prices more commensurate with the cost of manufacture. MANCHESTER, THURSDAY EVENING.—We are again rather more flat than on this day week in our cloth market, but as the month of December is always one of the dullest, not much importance is attached to the fact. Prices are a little lower, but hardly quotable. Yarns are much in the same state, though there is a good business doing. BARNSLEY.--The linen trade continues to improve, and the prospect for the winter is very cheering, as the general trade of the town is better than it has been for a number of years. There are at present more buildings in progress (including three steam loom factories) than there has been at one time since the memorable year 1825.—Leeds Mercury. COMMERCIAL RESTRICTIONS. (From the Times.) There is a very important distinction to be drawn between the arguments with reference to the re moval of commercial restrictions, which are put forward by the organs and adherents of the Anti- Corn-law League or the partisans of free trade a tout prix, and those views which We have uni formly entertained on these important subjects, We yield to no party in this country in our desire to procure for the public consumer the various products which are imported to our shores, encumbered with as few restrictions as the demands of the revenue and the precautions imposed by a long-established, though unwise, system of protec tion, will admit of. It is needless to discuss the prncticability of measures which would at once deprive the revenue of its most important items, or expose various important interests, which have been created under a system of protective duties, to unlimited competition even in the home market. But the interests of the public imperatively demand that revenue, and not protection, should be made the standard of our system of import duties ; and that whenever a greater degree of protection ex ists, it should be gradually reduced to the limits of this sound and equitable rule. Much of this spe cies of commercial reform remains to be accom plished ; many of the most :mportant articles of consumption are still burdened with duties which are some of them injurious to the revenue and to the public, for the sake of certain local or class interests ; whilst some, as, for instance, the high duties on to bacco and tea, are equally injurious to the na tional interests, without having even the pretext of protection to support them. Nor can we allow ourselves to doubt that if the Government find themselves in possession of a permanent sur plus revenue, they will avail themselves of so favourable an occasion to try these important experi ments in finance, although at the risk of a temporary loss. W e are not insensible to the imp o rta n ce of this pol icy ; the people of this country expect it and demand it; and as long as we are dealing with our own interests under our own laws, we entertain no doubt of a favourable result. But here the agree ment between ourselves and some other partisans of the free-trade doctrines ceases, and th e di s ti nc ti o n to which we j ust now alluded begins. Th e y a d m it, with us, that the primary advantage of a liberal tariff on foreign commodities is the reduction of prices to the home consumer ; but they arrogate to themselves an absolute and indefeasible power of obtaining, or extorting, by these reductions of our own import duties, corresponding . reductions of the duties levied on our productions by. foreign Governments. Relying with unlimited confidence on this assumption, they argue that the increase or decrease of foreign duties is solely to be viewed as the result of our own commercial measures ; and thus, under a different form, they revive the ancient and exploded theory of a direct balance of trade. All experience has demonstrated that no such balance exists between nations any more than between private dealers. Trade is conducted by a circuit of operations, not by direct exchange, akin to barter; and the amount of purchase or sale from or to any given state by another state, is no proof whatever that corresponding inverse transactions in commodities must take place between them. England is the best customer of Russia, though Russia prohibits to the utmost extent the principal productions of England : and Brazil is one of the best customers of England, although the Eng lish colonies are protected competitors, which exclude, for the most part, the produce of Brazil from our ports. We do not contest the obvious truth that a reduc tion of duties on the produce of any given country tends generally to promote commerce with that country, and may be the means of obtaining by treaty some equivalent concession ; but it is egregiously false to contend that such reductions, without reference to treaty stipulations, force, or even in duce, a foreign Government to act in the same spirit. High or hostile tariffs have been adopted by fo reign states of late years, partly for the purposes of revenue, partly for protection. Our iron and our cottons are taxed by the Zollverein, not only because German corn does not freely enter into British con sumption, but because there is a strong demand on the part of the German iron-masters and the manu facturers for protection ; if we did admit German corn, and if, in consequence, the rate of wages and the cost of production fell in this country, our goods would become cheaper, and consequently more formidable to foreign competitors. The cheaper they are, the more will they be excluded, and what ever tends to make them cheaper tends, of course, to strengthen the party of protection abroad. If the abrupt and unqualified measure of 1841 had been car ried, we do not entertain the slightest doubt that it would either have been used by foreign countries as a direct advantage, enabling them to lay on export duties on their produce, or viewed as a danger de manding a stronger wall of defence; and that the effect would have been a more rapid increase of du ties than that which has taken place. In fact, we have seen in the last four years, that the more we have tended to reduce our own duties, t he greater has been the tendency of foreign countries in the opposite direction. In Brazil the question turns upon the want of revenue, not upon the depand for pro tection ; but the same argument applies with equal force. It is a gratuitous assumption i to affi . rn that a mo dification of duties in Britain will nfalliby bring about corresponding reductions in foreign states. The income tax may enable the British Government to remove the burden of taxation from the food of the people to t c h o e m ir e- p t u ax rs , e a s nd ;b t u h t ey ßr m az u i s l t ia m n e G et ov t e h rn e m d e e n in ts a li nd ay s 7 of no th i e n ir increased - Exchequer as they ca n. An export trade to England would have no effect on their resources unless it was encumbered with an export duty; and in their present social and political condition, they ma y defy us to point out any mode of raisingtheir revenue more practicable and more analogous to our own than that which they have adopted, provided always revenue, and not retaliation or prohibition, is the principle of their new tariff, as we believe it to be. As for the threat of hostile differential duties, we are not bound to presume that such powers will be exer cised, though they may have been sanctioned, by the Legislature of that country; we have to deal, not with the powers conferred on the Brazilian Executive, but with the use it makes of them, and similar powers have at various times been conferred by Parliament on the British Crown, although they have remained, as these will do, a dead letter. Charles Bianconi, Esq., haa been eleoted Mayor of Clenroel.—Cork .Exarniner, I pti' t O a ;rilitt r inci ; til e [Ab le lerY' Sir ot ird