The Sun. — London, England, 1844-08-28 00:00:00

Ca,:anomlies in times past. If the rule of the present Paella is ha r d and opprei,sive, on the other hand it cann o t he denied that he had established a perfect trarquillity and safety throughout the Regency. The roads are now cleared of the robbers and highwaymen. Commuoications by land with Marzuck, Gadanes, and B engazy -, are regular, and every week a courier departs' on dromedaries. The spirit of independence and rebellion is suppressed, and the troublesome Arabs are forced to keep peace. The skill of the Pacha in all the branches of the adthinistration is very remarkabl e ; be is a particular ruler, and keeps the finances ii, admirable order, The fear of his sagacity is so great, that none of the employes attempt to defraud public money. In fine, the Paella has established a firm Government; that is unpleasant fur swindlers and for riotous people accustomed to per petual rebellion. 10 organise a regular adthinistration icy this lawless country is very difficult, and impossible' to be done without force. Single individuals may' suffer, but the whole. benefit from it. The Smyrna papers praise the Pacha, and we praise him toe., if imposi tions, taxes, and duties would be more moderate, and taken in proportion to the annual production, and not according to the currency in circulation. The French Chancellor Ledeaux left on' the 20th inltant for Tunis. The news from the interior is important. The re niAiiiing son of Abd-el-Gelil, whofled to Toba, a town in the interior, hall•warfrom Marauk l3ernan, had a struggle with the people of the large (:ountry called VS adey, on the occasion of the spoliation of a kalifa or Caravan ; in consequence a battle was fought, and the . 8 " of Abd-el-Gelil was killed. Rumour is also in circulation that his relation, the last of the great Sac fanasser, had been likewise killed in thio.battle; how ever, the Arabs are incredulous as to the; particulars of S affanasser's death, looking upon this' as an inven tion o f the Government. c 'Surely the death of both dust be agreeable to the Turkish rulers, and is oeces sar.V to give greater quiet to the country. The French have taken possession of - Tuggurt, and have sent a message_to the large country called Sauf, at present an independent place, to submit or to suffer the fate of those who rebel against French rule. Th e people of Saw, who have 10,000 men fit for War, are little disposed to submit, and ha , :e written to the Pacha of Tripoli, claiming his protection, and offering to take the Sultan for Sovereign. The Pacha answered that he is willing to send the Turkish Government and Administration to Sauf, de claring this country to h e a dependency upon Tripoli. proposition is much more than the people of Saul' wis • 4,7' for. This fact is of high importance, the boon , , of of the French conquest now touch upon the urkish emp i re, an d quarre l s w ill no t f a il t o happen, • like those with Morocco, and provoke new conquests based on the right of strength. TUNIS, JULY 18. It 0, seems that fitte will not desist from oppressing - " e Poor Maltese, who have chosen Tunis for their since their Consul, on one hand, permits Their d wellin gs to be searched so as to ascertain whether arty smuggl e d t o bacco is there concealed; and, on the other, the people and the Bey's public force avail of such permission to profit by the detection of such thugglin g . S uc h, th ere t o re, is th e sad condition of for face poor Maltese, who spe,,:ultite in that article. Now ts : A- few days ago, the tobacco contractor took eight quintals of t o b acco f rmn a M a lte s e resident at Tunis, besides many more quintals of that same article, from arious other places in the same city. Moreover, on th e , night of the 22d of June a Mussuhuan of Nabel :'"tight proper to surprise soine Maltese, who were introducing into the city some tobacco from the shore. .W hen the Maltese had nearly saved their tobacco, the ltnPudent assailant advanced abreast of the leading , 7, e , ° rt, and ordered them to lay down their tobacco. Maltese offered to transact in some way or other w ith th e M ussu l man, b ut t h e l atter, i nstea d o f coin i ng to the prop ose d t erms (th oug h h e was no t one o f the cont ractor's employes), more wantonly persisted in 411 "3'irq the Maltese, who, having lost all hopes of Zing on his contraband, discharged a pistol at lussulman and killed him on the spot. z., 4 ' 4 _,ex,t day a report was circulated, that the killed de " .4l had, before his death, declared that his mur derers were persons lodged at an inn kept by a certain Th e ughi, whose real name is Giuseppe Muscat. in British consular agent of Nabel (Salvatore Borg), wthiet e h o p_ n er s s e o q n u „s en ce of Sheih Abdilla's report, arrested all found . in the said inn indiscriminately, uut inquiring whether the innkeeper, or the other i nmate s h ad any hand in the business, whilst Vin-- a c i e _ n e z° Xuereh. who had murdered the Turks, had r adY embarked for Susa, and thence, God knows re Sir Thomas Meade, on hearing the agent's murderers, detained in gaol for some time the pretended and afterwards sent them to Malta. Lle "Victoria has sent to this Bey a present con- D. T n h7 ' 3 ,` , jewels, worth nearly 8,0001. sterling. Sardini an s t e amer is preparing to depart for a, and the cause of so much disturbance has not yet - S come , to li g ht, it being still unknown how the ar do - Tunisian difference was settled. The general O pinion i s , th a t a ll t h e manoeuvres of the Sardinian navy, in the seas of this regency, will only tend to- Wards weakening the respect formerly shown by the Tunisians towards Europeans. Tho earn crop is plentiful. The olive trees and the v ineyards are wonderfully loaded with fruit. THE PENINSULAR MAIL. n▪ OPTHAMPTON, AUG. 27.—The Little Liverpool, Peninsular and Oriental Company's steam-ship, Cap tainevelel3nirnie, arrived in our docks this morning, at o'clock. She brings the usual mails, and twenty-two passengers. The Littl e Li verpool b r i ngs very li tt l e i n f orma ti on re lative to the French and Morocco affair. Her Ma• J es t Y's steamer Hecla arrived at Gibraltar on the eve 4: o the departure of the Liverpool, with dispatches for talive"n T , ment. She reported that the French had and - ;, a s lnall island, within shell range of Mogadore, 14. ▪ bete fortifying it with the intention of bombard. Matters are quiet at Tangiers. ralt a 4i ,, 41 11414b1e, Sir Robert Owen, was at Gib the i t 'L Vepiavifts, Steam-ship, left that place on f r for Mogadore. There were also two Danish t tel and a Danish steamer at Gibraltar. li'''fe Little Liverpool exchanged colours with a in Ch bri g a war on the 20th, and on the follow g day with her Majesty's ship Caledonia. Royal Tar left Lisbon on the 21st for the "4tie a (, 14 ,.; i6 !8, 111", AUa. 2Q,—This country is on the eve of d n l which must soon terminate, either in the ) 1 11 -wa fal of Costa Cabral's power, or the triumph of • P °li cY, by the restoration of absolutism. The re -r e's respectin g th e j u dges which is, obviously. to h t ider th em comp l ete l y d epen d ent upon t h e C row n, excited so much alarm, and raised so determined l' ea B Pirit of opposition, that the Ministers will find it no b,'Y matter to stand their ground a J ainst it. stiCe Judges in the Supreme Court ofJustice in rs city (seventeen in number) have addressed a "g remonstrance to the Queen against the f irrPe, Having met for the purpose of draw vittc) t ti , the address, they previously in fie „ no AtterneyrGeneriil, Mr. Ottolini, to be pre to"L at th e meeting, ill order to state whatever rea 4's he might h ave t o a ll ege in favour of the decree. fe at officer appeared accordingly, and instead of de 7d`ng the decree, acknowledged that he could not il l ? Word in support of it, as it was manifestly a s „, 4 tign Pr the Constitutional Charter; but that, as a ant of th e C rown , h e polild not sign the represen ol'°,n agZ!nst it. The address of reMonstiance hav- Ter) been put to the vote, and carried unanimously, 'trid as i e t a t tck the office of the Minister of the Interior, Trl b -- „* . t Silva Carbalh9, a President of the Supreme of was deputed to proceed with a copy it " to Cintra, for the purpose of laying be fore the Queen—a thankless office, as he soon fossejt his cost ; f o r, besides having been most un ler4ei'°4§lY ilee4,ii;elby her Majesty, he was, on the d e 'Y next day, clisitti4e4 from his situation as Presi -1,...at of that C ourt. Si m il ar adtlyesges are in prepa ration from the Tribunal of Commerce and the ether ?sort s of . egn ii . stice, and although the Minister of Vo for Affairs, Gomez de Castro, is gone to Oporto a furxpress purpose of theirspreventg,.if possible, vfini step on the part of judges of that is thought that they will follow the ex- Set ), , y ;heir Lisbon colleagues. But the "most he er , -- T e st cut of' ail," and, perhaps, the severest, has d a , - , 4r om the Duke of p0rp, 9 114, who, after some h u a delay and apparent hesitation, at last went me 1 to the Queen, and told her that, both as a re e t ber , of the Privy Council, and as a Veer of the it to — ; e he protested against the measure, cwsideripg all a most g l ar i ng infraction of the charter. With Cabral' s energy, it is not likely that he will be able 4 ,ol'ileome so powerful an array. The Cortex, que s i t ; fqiii4 next month, will soon decide the hi n h, unless, iiiiiieed ; Cabral should take it upon n in ! e it to prorogue th e meeting foy elle month, or six it oths or sine die, which is not at all unliWY: tti s i f • o Gonzal es B ravo, t h e new S pan i s h Mi n i s ter to 4 j , ,4ft arrived h ere on the 15th inst. Itoyal Tar arrived yesterday from frnil," 4 ; . and the Liverpool pan-p in this morning 4 from the south, and will proceed wig} the mail t ''sx• to-d a y to Costa Cab'ra * l and his colleagues are determined not 4: 1 '4 Wai; in proof of which, this day's Gazette dr e ; iti Ti a repablicat.ien of the obnoxious decree, ad dl)se, to the army in the fere-, of an Order of the the y from the War-office. The veasen or th 4 that of „same decree likewise attacks the independence li e Military officers, inasmuch as it makes them , our ie t to b e put on half-pay without any form of tile -mar tial, whenever it shall please the Govern nt 50 to do. t6 L " t week a white swallow was shot by 4 YTlng F en : wi l i T i an at In ner l e i then. It was observed playing an" : tentio w so me common swallows, and had attracted the a_t t its n of' several person s by it s cons pi cuous dress. 1 6t4 Efed is ei curiosity. THE MINT, _LONDON, WEDNESDAY MORNING, AUGUST ss 1844. • C t - e C VAC L Alt.. i LORD J. RUSSELL AND " SPECIAL WiNosoa, To ESDAY.--Prince Albert inspectea' the BUR DENS. " Second Battalion of the Scots Fusilier Guards in g, \r - (From the League.) by of the rd country. John Russell risen here this morning in the Great Park. They I The last discu ssion of the session arose in conse -Prince was attended by Colonel Wylde , Eq u e rr y in gu i ene eo f condition a a l n deliveredd p rosp e e t y Lo Waiting. ol • The Queen took an airing this morning in a pony that speech speech the 3‘.loble Membe r for th e C i ty o f Lon phaeton-for upwards of an hour. Prince Al bert drove t . 'ton returned to the question of " special burdens" on her Majesty out.' The royal party was attended by i i t t h o e br l e an t d pe land. l i n ev t i f i l i e fil d ie e d ba h t i e s , on , i b ll u ie r r d s e, 's n, motion, Sir the Hon. Colonel Grey on horseback. Her Majesty the Queen Dowager, after lunching 1 .`o the single "burden" of mai n t a i n i ng the poor; but with the Duchess of Kent at Froginore. House, went oble Lord has discovered two other " bur with her Royal Highness to the Castle on a visit to de us," the county rate and !he malt duty, which, in the QUeen. his opinion, -entitle the agriculturists, that is, the land- The Queen Dowager was received at the grand owners, to peculiar cons id era ti on on th e p a rt of the entrance by Prince Albert, Attended by Viscount Legislature. It is pleasant to find the question of Hawarden, Colonels Grey and Wylde. Her Majesty protection to agriculture, or, to speak more correctly, -was attended by Lady Gore and. the Misses Gore, and of protection to rent, placed on some ground which the Duchess of Kent was attended by Lady Charlotte can be understood and fairly grappled nith ; and we Dundas. feel grateful to our opponents when they show us At twenty minutes past four o'clock the Queen their points of defence. Dowager . took her departure, accompanied by the From the importance attached to the question of Duchess of Kent; in a pony carriage and four, far I county rates, one would be led to imagine that this IFroginore, on her return to Bushy Park. Prince 1 impost was one of a very heavy and grievous cha- Albert conducted her Majesty .to her carriage. The racter ;" and that, although raised from the land, it • Countess of' Dunmore, Viscount Hawarden, the Hon. was appropriated to objects in which proprietors of Col. Grey, and Col. Wylde, also attended the Queen the soil had no interest, and that over its expen- Dowager to the royal entrance. diture these ill-used individte:os had no control. The Prince of Wales and the Princess Alice were Now, What are the facts of this case of suffering taken a carriage drive this forenoon, accompanied_ by and injustice inflicted on the owners of the the DoWager Lady Lyttelton. The Princess Royal 'soil? The county rate is a burden laid upon all land was taken in' the pleasure-grounds adjoining the and buildings, and is, for the roost part, expended in Castle. The :Royal Family were also taken airings the maintenance of roads and bridges, and in the pro in the afternoon. .secution Of various classes of offenders against the The ViscounteSs Canning has succeeded the Coun- i laws. The amount of the rate is fixed by the Less of Dunmore as the-Lady inWaiting on the Queen. magistrates in each county, and in their hands Viscount Hawarden (Lord in Waiting on her Ma- lis the control of the expenditure. The magistrates jesty) arrived at the-Castle this morning. His Lord- are generally landow tiers, and, if there be any P left in the afternoon. want of economy and care in the disbursement of the amount collected, they are wholly responsible for it. The entire amount of county rate collected, in' 1842, for England and Wales, was but 703,5261., England paying 666,9771., and Wales 36,549/. ; and this sum was levied on land and buildings spread over more than thirty...seven millions of acres, averaging not more than 40. per acre, and being not more than 3,1 d. in the pound on the annual value of the property assessed. But in what coun ties is it that the county rate appears as a very large item of expenditure P Middlesex pays not less than 87,715/. ; the West Riding of Yorkshire, 49,692/. ; Lancashire, 41,328/. ; Surrey, 32,543/., that part of the metropolis on the south of the Thames- causing Surrey to stand so high on the list. The amount paid in 1842 in these four coun ties was 211,178/., or very nearly ono-third of the amount paid by the whole of England. Lancashire alone paid 41,3281., whilst the whole of Wales paid but 36,5491. From this it is clear that this " special is not vein/ at all, but general, and s the towns and the manufacturing as b h U a r r d e e d n El by well as by the agricultural districts; and unless it be assumed .that land ought to pay no taxes, and that owners of land are a class of so sacred a cha racter as to be entitled altogether to exemption from taxes and all other inflictions to which man kind in general are :subjected, we know not how any sane man can regard the county rate - as any ground fur the existence of the cern-law as a means of compensation to the class of landowners, -In the discussion of the question of the food mo nopoly, there have been adduced many reasons for its continuance—some fraudulent, and others simply ridiculous; and this of the burden of the county rate is about the most absurd of all. What is the value of land without roads and bridges, and who are so much interested in the punishment of offen ders as the owners of property ? How many in. stances are there in every county ' of the value of land being prodigiously increased by the forming of roads and the opening of new markets for the produce of the land ? To dwell upon these points would be to assume a want of common capacity on the part of our readers ; and we confess we cannot persuade ourselves that Lord John Russell was in earnest when he ven tured to speak of the burden of county rates as one entitling the landowners to tax the food of a whole nation and to inflict the evils of famine upon multi tudes of their fellow-countrymen. The landowners would do well to inquire if county rates are not greatly increased by the " burden " of prose cuting and punishing a class of offenders who are made so by laws enacted by landowners to provide sport and amusement for - themselves and their friends. How much of the county rate in Norfolk, Suffolk, Buckingham, and other agricultural coun ties, is expended in maintaining a police force to act as gamekeepers, and in punishing poachers ? The landowners and magistrates in those counties can give some interesting particulars on this point; and, if they had a particle of decent shame about them, they would be the very last to have this question brought before the public eye. But suppose we grant that the county rate is a " special burden" on the land, and how far is it repaid by the corn-law ? The county rate of 1842 amounted to 4id. per acre in England and Wales. To compensate the landowners for this grievous burden, how much should the corn-law give them in return ? The tax of 4id. per acre surely cannot require a pro tecting duty of 20s. per quarter on the importa tion of foreign wheat, nor yet of a fixed duty of Bs. as proposed by the late Government in 1841, nor even a " moderate fixed duty" of any amount above I-4d. per quarter, supposing each acre to pro duce equal to three quarters of grain. Let it be remembered how small the whole sum of this " burden" is—that it is paid on buildings and ma nufactories as well as on land--that it is levied by the county magistrates, generally proprietors of land, and that it is expended entirely by them — that it is applied chiefly to the maintenance of roads and bridges, without which land would be almost valueless, and to the prosecution and punishment of offenders against the laws made for the security of property, and largely on account of of fences against the game laws made by landowners to provide amusement for landowners—that it only amounts to 41d. per acre throughout England and \Vales ;—let all this be remembered, and then imagine the amount of credulity the man must be blessed with, who believes this "burden" to require a corn-law to compensate for it ; or the as surance or ignorance of a statesman who can bring forward this "burden" as a ground for the continuance of a tax upon the chief article of human subsistence. It is indeed amazing with how much coolness these pretences are put forward, as if the owners of land were the only me n who became acquainted with tax-gatherers. The 700,0001. collected in county rate is about as much as t he tax levied on cotton, the raw material of our most important manufacture, For the ()aunty rate the landowner gets roads, bridges, security for property, value to land ; for the cotton-tax, what do those en gaged in the cotton-trade receive ? Th.ey have this tax laid upon them, not to provide Ned§ l and bridges, arid markets, but to go to the general taxation of the country, and to hatig upon them as a dead weight in the fleece competition they meet with in every market in the world. To what a wretched condition are our landed proprietors reduced when they can stoop so low as to ask for the perpetuation of a bread tax on grounds so contemptible as this. Of the malt duty we have little to say, except that we deem it in itself an unwise impost, inter fering with the carrying on of an extensive depart ment of trade, and we would willingly see it abo lished, But as a ground for maintaining a tax on bread, it is not less foolish than that based on the payment of county-rates, The landowners have made a law to tax malt, by which beer is made dearer to the consumer ; the demand f or barle y is thus, to some extent, lessened, and in this way the tax is injurious to the landowners; but as respects rice, it is only injurious to the beer -drinker. The landowner has no pity for the consumer; it is not for him he wishes the tax repealed ; but he has great compassion for his own class ; he proposes, therefore, to tax the beeredrinker's bread to repay himself for the injury he suffers from having taxed the beer-drinker's beer, if the landowners don't like the malt-tax, let them abolish it; but in the name of all that is just, don't ask the people to give up the consumption of bread because they have already been put upon short allowance of beer. From our hearts we pity any man of ordinary in telligence who stops forward to defend the corn-law. The fraud is so glaring and so wicked that no man can stand in its defence without damage to his cha racter and his influence ; and that Lord John Russell should volunteer as its champion is a wonderful and a sorrowful passage in the history of one of the most distinguished families in the ranks of the Bri tish peerage. The Queen Dowager, attended by Lady Gore, left her residence, Bushy House Bushy Park, yesterday morning, for Frogmore Lodge, to pay a visit to her Royal highness the Duchess of Kent. Her Majesty afterwards proceeded to Windsr, on a visit to the Queen. In the evening the Queen Dowager, attended by Lady Gore, returned to Bushy House to dinner. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Gloucester and the Duke of Cambridge arrived in town yes terday, from Kew. The Royal Duchess honoured the Countess of Mansfield with a visit, at her resi dence, in' Longhorn-place. In the evening the Duchess of Gloucester and the Duke of Cambridge returned to Kew. Monsignor de Pietro, Archbishop of l3eyrout in partibus, and Nuntius from the Holy See to the Court of Portugal, , was presented to the Earl of Aberdeen by Baron de Moncorvo, Portuguese Minister. Lord Stanley has left the residence of Sir James Graham, at Netherby - , near Carlisle, for Lathom House, Lancashire, the seat cf Lord Skelmersdale. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. EGHAM RACES—TUESDAY. Egham - is nOw so completely out of the world, and the'means of its inhabitants, for the Ftrposes of sport, So contracted, that it is surprising, not that the races should be curtailed, but that there should be any races at all: The loss of the income hitherto derived from the gambling booths increases our surprise, and almost raises ?lie question whether the exertions of the inhabi tants, without more powerful assistance from the neigh bouring gentry, will be sufficient to avert the fate that the diversion .of ;traffic into new channels, and other causes not worth inquiring_ into, have entailed upon meet ings that once stood nigh' in public estimation. Of the meeting that commenced yesterday under the stew ardship of Captains Bastard and Martin, it is un nee, scary e) speak at length ; if the prizes were deficient in value and importance, they had the receinmendation of quantity, and had greater publicity been given them, would, we doubt not, have attracted a much larger attendance. It is due to the Committee to state that their arrangements on the Course were made with a commendable regard to the accommodation and amusement of the visitors, and that, with one exception, they were carried out in a creditable manner by Mr. Cox, the newly-appointed Clerk of the Course ; the exception was a want of attention to the usual allowance of time between the heats, so much lati tude being taken that the racing was not brought to a close until seven o'clock. But fire this drawback, the day's sport, if not of first qudity, was calculated to give satis faction to a company not particularly distingue, nor suf ficiently numerous to be profitable to the booth and stand proprietors. The following are particulars of The Gold Cup of 801:, the winner to be sold for 6001., &e. Two miles. Lord Exeter's Pergolaria, 3 yrs, Est 111b......(Pettit) 1 Mr. Death's Misdeal, 5 yrs, 9st Sir G. Heathcote's Miss Wilfred filly, 3 yrs, 6st 1116 3 Lord G. Bentinck's Gaper, 4 yrs, Bst 71b 4 5 to 2 agst Wiss Wilfred f, and Pergolaria, and 3 to 1 agst Gaper. The running for the first half mile was made by Gaper; it was then taken up by Pergolaria, who made the pace tolerably good, was never caught, and won cleverly by a length. Miss Wilfred f a good third. Gaper was beaten off early. The New and Old Windsor Stakes of 5 sovs. each, with 20 added, 3 yrs old, 7st 1 h ; 4 yrs, Bst 71b ; 5 yrs, 9st ; 6 yrs and aged, 9st 21b ; mares. &c., allowed 31h; winners once, 4ib extra; twice, 71b extra. Heats, three-quarters of a mile. Winner to be sold for 80 sovs., &c. (6 Subs.) Lord G. 13entinck's Vol au Vent, 3 yrs (Abdale) 0 1 1 General Wyndham's Hashed Venison, 3 yrs 1 0 2 Mr. Matthews's Tub Thumper, 6 yrs 0 0 3 Nlr. Payne's Audrey, 3 yrs . . 2 2 dr Mr. Bastard's Radnor, 3 yrs Mr. E. R. Clark's Llangollen, syrs First heat—Even on Audrey and Hashed Vesnion against the field; a very fine race between the two; was won by a head. Second heat-6 to 4 agst Hashed Venison, 2 to 1 agst Audrey, and 3 to 1 agst Vol au Vent ; won by a length. Llangollen fell about tw o distances from home, and broke his rider's collar-bone. Third heat-5 to 2on Vol au Vent, who won cleverly by a length, and was claimed. The Queen's Plate of 100 guineas; 3 yrs old, ist 51b; 4 yrs, 9st llb; 5 yrs, 9st 111 b; 6 yrs and aged, lOst 21b. Two miles and a distance. ' Sir G. Heathcote's Campanero, 3 yrs (Chapple) Lord Exeter's Pergolaria, 3 yrs 2 Mr. Ramsbottom's - Pine Apple, 4 yrs 3 Mr. Balchin's Moustache, 3 yrs Lord G. Bentinck's Gaper, 4 yrs 5 Betting-5 to 4 agst Pine Apple, sto 2 agst Pergo laria, and 7 to 2 agst Campanero. Campanero and Pergularia went in advance at a strong pace to the turn, where the former, who was rather impetuous, ran out to the right, Lord Exeter's mare following him. Pine Apple and Moustache, keeping straight, went on toge ther to the first gap, where Campanero and the mare joined them, and the four ran in company to the three. itiarters of-a-mile post ; Campanero then took a decided lead, made the rest of the running, and won easy by two lengths. Pine Apple and Moustache were beaten off at the distance, and Gaper never had a chance in any part of the ram The Runneymede Stakes of' 5 sovs. each, and 30 added. Winner to be sold for 1501., &e. Heats, one mile. (5 Subs.) Mr. T, Coleman's Devil among the Tailors, 5 yrs, Bat Sibs Mr. King's Young Loehinvar, 4 yrs, Bst 41b 5 1 0 dr Mr. Balehin's Epaulette, 5 yrs, Bst 81b 2 3 3 dr Mr. Brooke's Dean Swift, 6 yrs, Bst 1 llb 3 dr Mr. Stanborough's Isleworth.s yrs, Bstlllb 4 dr The first heat was won easy by a length; the second, by a length; the third was a dead heat ; and the fourth walked over. Eight horses are named for the Egham Stakes (heats) this day, THE LATE DERBY.—We understand that within the last few days some important disclosures have been made in connexion with Ratan's running for the Derby, and that a full investigation will take place before the Jockey Club, at one of the Newmarket October Meetings. Several parties are said to be deeply implicated. NEW INSOLVENT ACT, TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Rin i —The mischievous law recently passed respect ing debtor and creditor, deserves to be branded for its infamy by every tradesman in the country. The pro tection afforded to trade before this Act came into power was fragile enough ; but, not content to allow things to remain as they were, our law.inaUers must nfteds again interfere, and cast to the wind the little security we had. I would Inquire, who thaid my Lord Brougham for what he has done ? I would aver, not a trading man in England--none will feel grateful, save the practised sharper and the confirmed rogue. -If his Lordship supposes he has rendered the trade any service, he is mistaken altogether, and s with all his sagacity, is in total ignorance of our position. One would really imagine that a deputation from the queen's Bench (and of whose characters there can he no mistake) had waited on his Lordship to insure his powerful protection on their behalf, and that he would be the means of opening the prison doors to all sorts of characters, and bid diem Qod speed, Do not, Sir, ranif me with those who are unmoved at the fact of a truly nnfortnnate man being thrust into prison by an unfeeling creditor, and thereby not only separated from his family, but pre vented doing what he might for the benefit of his preditera, Wre tie ,t doubtless many cases of this kind are to i be met with;' and if hi4'Lordship had introduced a Bill to relieve or set at liberty such characters, he would have been a blessing to the coun try and a benefit to the trade. quit i tt i,Fttp with your Correspondent that it is hi g h- time thg whnle corfanuftity " nussed " themselyes op this subjea, and that associations should be formed in 411 the proy l .npi 4 l Owns fur the purpose of collecting such facts as bear on this important subject. I find I have not quoted your Correspon qent's words correctly, but I believe I have given the spirit of Om. Wishing these plain observations may meet the eye of those more versed in the matter, and who will bring it out fairly before the public, so that sonic practical result may follow that will act as an antidote to the evil now complained of, I have only to apolo . gisp for occupying so much of your space, and beg to subscribe myself, sir, yours vespectfuily, A TRADESMAN. I i Oxford-street, Aug. 27, 1844. THE OPENING OF THE ROYAL EXCIIANGE.—We are given to understand that a meeting of the Joint Committee for the affairs of the Royal Exchange is to take place on Friday, the 30th instant, to receive the report of the progress of the works, and to fix the day upon which everything connected with the opening of the Royal Exchange is to be completed. On the day of the meeting of the Committee inquiry will be made as to the cause of the hitherto unaccountable delay which has taken place in the preparation of the building for the reception of the merchants and traders, to wham that delay has been so serious an inconvenience. Eight Months ago it was announced to the public, that if the weather should prove favourable, the building would be ready for business in June. How then, ask numbers of our fellow-citizens, happens it, that although no obstacle of any kind has presented itself, and although the weather has been most auspicious, doubts are expressed as to the completion of the works before the termination of another month ? It is positively asserted in the City, that without any extraordinary exertion on the part of those who are responsible, the merchants might have been " on 'Change" two months ago ; and people say it is hard to suppose that any pulolic body or set of trustees, would so far neglect their duty as to wink at the violation of the contracts, The meeting of ih'e Joint Committee on the 30th instant, however, will ex plain ill about it. BOULOGNE AND AMIENS RAIL- ROAD. Many persons have applied to us for information relative to the railroad from hence to Amiens, what i our opinion of it is, as a source of speculation, or a sure mode of investment, and particularly what inte rest it is likely to give. These are questions which, at the present time, in the present unsettled state of the differences between the two countries, every wise man would approach with great diffidence. Every thing in France is conducted also on principles so different to what we see and are accustomed to in England ; the people themselves are such a living ex ample of their own Champagne, pop to-day, when some unprincipled journalist touches them on the raw of their honour and military renown, flat to-morrow when the effervescence of the moment is gone off; that no certainty is to be placed in the future, unless, indeed, the railway companies would combine to buy up all the war organs, or break the necks of their editors the first time they travel by them. Peace might then continue, for it is necessary, in order that every railroad should pay, particularly French railroads. Every person, then, thinking of an investment in foreign railroads, should calculate upon the probability of peace, if the interest of the money invested be necessary for his support, unless he intends to remain in the country where the in vestment is made, be there peace, or be there war. Should peace continue between the two countries, in our opinion, there is no question as to the 13oulogne and Amiens Railroad returning a good in terest. In our numbers of November and December 1842 and 1843, we entered largely upon the question, giving the returns of what might be expected. Since then, certainly, circumstances have somewhat changed. The company will not be aided by Government one sous; it was then thought it would make all embank ments, bridges, &c., in fine, prepare everything for laying down the rails, and thus save a company nearly three-fifths of the ordinary expenses. This is not now the case. The company must do all ; but then, instead of a lease of 30 years, they will have one of upwards of 90, but not exceeding 99. This is a material difference in every point of view. It changes of course the calcula tions, but he who examines well the data upon which our calculations were made, for we took great pains on the subject, and entered largely into the minutm, will see at once, though there will not be annually the same amount of interest realised, there will be a com pensation afforded by the tripling of the period during which it will be received. All this, of course, must greatly depend upon the friendly relations of the two countries ; let that continue, the lines from Mar seilles to Paris, and from Bordeaux to Orleans be completed, and such will be the traffic from Amiens to Boulogne, that none will be dissatisfied with the result. But add to this the possibility of French statesmen considering the true interests of the coun try, legislating for the good of the nation, and not to enrich individuals, and imagine a rational, treaty of commerce passed, by which the produce of England and pass, at reasonable duties, indeed, would the streams of all the Boulogner ailroads ' Railroad,frt roofreciprocally be e:o pour ho3rtur,thest unitedn such ce h a quantity of goods to the coast, that interest, to content even a mis e r, would be realised by all who embarked in it. Thi s , Francef ro m one would o however, must not be expected so long as needy men are seeking for places, that the country is sacrified to selfish opposition, and an unprincipled press leads the mind of the country astray from its true interests to be revenged on perfidious England, that only laughs at their folly anti pities their ignorance. What the company are doing, or what is their true prospectus, or what are the conditions, we cannot inform our readers, for we have never been able to obtain any cer• tain knowledge respecting them. —Boulogne Gazette. SAVINGS' BANKS.—After the Ist November next the new Act applicable to Savings' Banks will come into operation. The trustees, according to their discretion, may fix one of the following rates of interest to be paid to depositors after that day, viz., 3/. Os. 10d., 2/. 18s. 4d., 21. 15s. It is to be hoped the higher rate will be fixed. TILE HOUSE OF COMMONS' LITERARY.—The pre sent library is wholly unworthy of the first assembly in the empire. It consists of little more than 4,000 volumes, and is in many respects imperfect for the purposes of ge neral reference. It contains no collection of cases heard by the Lords or Privy Council ; nor is there a complete series of private Acts of Parliament, nor yet of the mul tifarious official papers printed lay order of the House. But it is in other particulars defective. Small as the col lection is, the arrangement, or rather the want of ar rangement, has been found to create much inconve nience, whenever it has been necessary to search for precedents. This difficulty was remarked particularly during the discussion of the memorable question of " privilege" raised by the arrest of the Sheriffs, when the librarian and three assistants were occupied nearly a whole week in searching for a particular case supposed to bear upon the subject. The contents of some of the presses are not known to the oldest officers of the House ; in one is deposited a very mysterious green bag, which again encloses a Post-office bag of letters, unopened, of the year 1690. During the session there are generally from sixty to eighty Membora consulting the musty archives. Strangers aro admitted to the library on the Speaker's warrant, but the privilege does not appear to be held of much value, for it is very rarely solicited. It was admitted, when the state of the library was referred to a Select Committee, that a complete set of the printed Papers of the House of Commons is not in existence ; though it is believed that detached portions are preserved by private individuals, the possession of which by the House is an object of much anxiety : It is understood that the collection will be greatly increased before the opening of the new Houses of Parliament, several impor tant addttions having been recently made by the pur chase of private libraries. INGENIOUS EXPEDIENT.—On Saturday one of the most ingenious expedients which the endeavours of cab men and omnibus drivers devise to elude the vigilance of the police was discovered by the Bow-street Police -court. It is the custom, on the conviction of a cabman of any offence, for-the clerk of the Court to write on the back of his license the descrip tion of offence he is convicted of, the date of the convic tion, and the penalty inflicted, which is signed h,..; the convicting magistrate, and the number of convictions guides the registrar of licenses as to '‘'ne propriety of issuing fresh licenses to the sap''. drivers, three convic tions in one yea r incap ac i r e from holding a -bang a driver license for the e r Y ea t ., On Saturday a well-known in his licene cabman having beell ()On' edby Mr* w T yford, handed e, have it marked. Some surprise was evinced by the magistrate and clerk, who knew him well, that ho had been allowed his license amain this year, as he was a well-known offender, but still greater surprise was caused by Mr. Bowste d second clerk, declaring that as fast as he wrote a , the on the license, his writing be come dim, and when dry h e could rub it out with ease. Mr. Twyford expressed his surprise, when, in holding the license between the light and the of the same magistrate was dimly traced to a previous conviction six weeks before, but so very dimly as for the signature alone to bo visible. The driver was questioned about it, but he, Of course, knew nothing, and it was not until one of the s ummoning officers proved that he had boon oanvicted in the same Court six weeks before, that ho gave in. The fact was, that a chemical process had been used so a s to eradicate except to the most prying eye, the fact that the defendant had been convicted, so that for several yearsoneof themost refractory of t drivers had been bearing with the registrar the most unexceptionable character, b • • • besides incurring only small fines from magistrates on account of first offences. Mr. Twyford detained the license, and declared he should make a representation in the proper quarter, so as to put a atop to such underhand proceedings. SINGULAR CAR ACCIDENT OnMonday afternoon a singular accident occurred.the cab -stand in St. , Clement's-churchyard. The driveronof c a a ca - h stan . tl sitting on his box waiting fora when wa th s e qu h le rse fare, horse suddenly took fright, and by its plunging overturned the cab, throwing the man with some force into the road. Attempts were made to quiet the animal, but without success, unt i l at length the cab was so much knocked about that the body fell off. The horse then galloped off towards Temple-bar, and was not stopped until it came in contact with the shaft of a large waggon, and suffered such injury that it was soon after killed. Though the streets were much crowded no one was hurt. NON-IMPRISONMENT ACT. —The recent Act, free ing debtors under 20/. f rom imprisonment, is already producing dissatisfaction, It certainly is a great injus tice to plaintiffs who had obtained Judgments against debtors, and especially where they had been at the cost of imprisoning. The Act ought not to have effected judgments obtained (whether they had been executed or not) before the Act was passed. The Act came into ope ration, too, the veryday aft er i t was passed. This is s harp practice" with a vengeance! The all-principles nt allowed the Bill to go omethrough both Houses a t railroad of Parliament Pace, just at the end of the session, and when those members who are lawyers (and the most likely to understand the Bill) were on the Assize Circuits. Sir Robert and his friends may depend 't they wilcal find this Act passing has put another uon , nail into their pout RAILWAY TRA INS . MONSTEROn no occasion have the inhabitants of the populous districts which the Manchester and Leeds Railway traverses availed them selves of the ma so extensiv d opportunities which this Well•roanaged an spirited n eerep an __ y has afforded them as on Friday last. A gigantic train, composed of no less than 94 carriages, comprising first, second, and third classes, containing 3,120 persons, from Hebden bridge and its neighbourhood within 20 miles, started from that station on the mornin g of Frid a y for Hull, a distance of 74 mile s, and b y the ef ficient power of three first-class engines, performed the journey in four hours. It returned the same evening, in an equally short space of time, w ithout the occurrence of a s i ngle accident of any . w h en the parties were most unanimous in their expression of thanks for the exc e ll ent accommoda tion provided for them, as well as for the usual liberality of the company, the charge for th e tr i p having been lar fare. It has be en often stated that only half the regu _ Leeds Company the Manchester and was the first to eater for the thousands in this manner, and much satis faction has been expressed at many other companies fol lowing such an excellent example. The above instance is sufficient proof of the popular appreciation of the li berality of the Manchester and Leeds Company. Great credit has been given to the clerks in charge at the re spective stations, for the strict attention paid to the comforts and safety of each individual who joined the giant train in the excursion trip, .M the Perk August meeting just concluded, Mr. Dixon's . Jamie Forrest, aged, did honour to his patro nymic, for he came in the fourth and last horse in the `race for the Great Ebor Handicap.—. Edinburgh paper. DUCHIES OF CORNWALL AND LANCASTER. The two following tables show the gross and net re venues and expenditure of the two Duchies:— DUCHY OF CORNWALL. An Account of the Gross and Net Revenue of the Duchy of Cornwall, from the Ist of January, 1843, to the 31st of December, 1843, showing the amount of re venue which became due, the moneys received and paid within the time, and the arrears and balances at the end of the preceding and current year. INCOME. Rents and arrears of rent received from £ s. d. the 13t of January, 1843, to the 31st of December, 1843 Fines on new grants of leases Dividends of stock, being the produce of the sale of lands under the land-tax Redemption Acts, sales, grants in fee, and enfranchisement, of copyholds under Acts of Parliament 667 16 2 Compensation in lieu of the tin coinage duties Produce of Royalties of the coal mines in_ the county of Somers e t Produce of Royalties and reservation of dues of mines in Cornwall and Devon 2,842 1 10i Stannary Court fees, and all other casual revenue 1 £40,100 IS 11} EXPENDITURE. Salaries and allowances of the principal X a. d. officers of the Duchy, and their esta blishment of officers and clerks 4,866 11 10 Salaries, al!owances, and other expenses connected with the new Stannary Court.... 1,065 0 3 Salaries and allowances of all other officers, receivers, and agents, em- ployed in the collection of the revenue 837 15 4 Superannuation allowances and annuities 1,656 5 5 Donations and charities 3Bl 5 0 Law charges 544 12 10 Tithes, and expenses of tithe apportion ments 69 15 9 Surveys and maps 421 2 7 Audit expenses . 195 19 8 Disbursements and incidental expenses... 901 4 2 Rents respited and exonerated . 95 10 6} Investments in the purchase of the sur render of beneficial leases . 2,000 0 0 Payments made to his Royal Highness's use . .. Balance due to the Receiver-General the 31st December,lB42, including arrears 2,585 16 11 Outstanding arrears due to his Royal Highness on the 31st December, 1843 1,904 10 3% Balance remaining in the hands of the Receiver-General 3,996 1 111 -- £40,100 18 111 DUCEIY OF LANCASTER. An Account of the Gross and Net Revenue of the Duchy of Lancaster, for the year ending Michaelmas, 1843, showing the amount of revenue which became due, the moneys received and paid within the year, and the ar rears and balance at the end of the preceding and cur rent years. INCOME. £ s. d. Rent and arrears received during the year ending Michaelmas, 1843, deducting 5,4901. outstanding arrears 23,031 16 11 Fines on renewals of leases Sales, grants in fee, grants of rents and enfranchisement of copyholds, under Acts of Parliament Dividends on stock, being the produce of sales of lands under the Land-tax Re demption Act, and of grants in fee, sales of rents, and enfranchisement of copyholds, under Acts of Parliament 927 9 2 Casual revenue, and all receipts not in cluded as above . Balance (including balance to Michael mas, 1842, on the account of the Re ceiver -General) £33,037 18 01 PAST AND PRESENT STATE OF MOROCCO. The following will be read with interest at the pre sent juncture : _ _ _ The empire of Morocco, vernacularly designed Mogh'rib-al-azza, the farthest west, is a remnant of the great African monarchies formed by the Saracens in Mauritania ; and it was the dynasty of the Edr:- sites, whose capital was Fez. It was dubbed empire from ;being formed by the union of several small kingdoms, or rather large proviness, perpetually at variance among themselves, till at length they were subdued and united under one sovereign by the Sche rift's. At first it was recognised to consist of the kingdoms of Fez, Morocco, Suez, Tafilet, Tarudant, Mesquinez, Sugulmessa, and Tremezen ; but they have all latterly merged into those of Morocco and Fez. Anarchy and intense discords have reduced their boundaries ; but the empire is still possessed of a surface at least equal to that of Spain ; and the pre , sent ruler is of a family which has, dispite of nume ous revolutions, maintained itself in the musnud for about three hundred years. The empire of Morocco is on the extreme west of North Africa, bounded on that side by the Atlantic Ocean ; on the east by the river Mubria, which parts it from Algiers ; on the north by the Mediterranean Sea; and on the south by the river Sus, beyond which is the Sahara, or Great Desert. This extensive space is finally diversified with hills and valleys, a great part of which has ne ve r y e t b een visited by Europeans, and there are various rivers flowing from the great Atlas range of mountains, which traverses the empire in its greatest length, at some distance from its southern and eastern boundary, and attains the height of nearly 12,000 feet. These rivers dis embogue into the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, the large ones forming bar harbours, which, though now so neglected as to admit of small vessels only entering them, might readily be converted to good stations for steamers. A ramification of the , great mountain range turns to the north, and is there ' known as the Lesser Atlas, of which Mount Abyla, or Ape's Hill, opposite Gibraltar, may be deemed the northern scarp. The country generally rises from the sea shore, which in many places is rocky and in accessible, and extends in wide plains ascending like terraces one above the other, the eastern being always some hundred feet higher than that immediately west of it, until at the range of the Lesser Atlas they pro bably attain an elevation of 4,000 feet. Morocco is necssarily warm, but not so much so as might be expected from its geographical situation ; the interior is cooled by the mountain winds, and the margin experiences the alternations of land and sea breezes, while the climate is at once mild and salu brious. The seasons are divided into the dry and the wet, the latter generally being from November till March. The soil, where cultivated, is in the highest degree fertile ; but there are everywhere large tracts entirely uncultivated. Corn, dhurra, fruits, rice, maize, and pulse, are extensively reared in most of the plain districts ; and there are raised and collected, oil, cotton, tobacco, indigo, sesamum, gum, honey, wax, salt, saltpetre, hemp, saffron, and madder-roots ; they have also inanufactories of linen, scull caps, morocco leather, barracans, shawls, carpets, soap, and hides. The declivities of the mountains are sprinkled with forests, in which the cedar, cork, ilex, carubba, walnut, accacia, and olive trees are prominent ; and though iron, copper, lead, and antimony, as well as gold and silver, have been produced to a certain extent, the mineral wealth of these mountains may be said to be as yet unknown. It is truly a luxuriant yet indigent country, favoured by nature, but ne glected by man. With soil and climate so excellent, if cultivated with tolerable skill and industry, Morocco would yield in quantities the products of most other parts of the globe : but this cannot be hoped for in a country groaning under the galling yoke of oppression. Still their agriculture, it seems, is equal to the wants of the people, these wants being most blindly curbed down to mere animal desires. The great dogma of the politico-economical school, that " cheap corn is a blessing," meets its full refutation in this country ; where the cheaper the corn the more are the people proportionably poor and wretched. Domestic animals are numerous, amongst the foremost of which must be named their horses, since they have ever been famed for rearing those animals, which, thou g h inferior in size, have for ages excelled in elegance of symmetry, fleetness, hardihood, and peculiar docility. The sheep, which are considered as indige nous, produce a wool of eminent staple and softness ; and the oxen, cows, asses, mules, camels, and goats, are esteemed in their several kinds. Poultry, pigeons, partridges, and indeed game of all kinds, are everywhere plentiful ; and the coasts have many varieties of fish. The woody and uncultivated tracts abound with deer, antelopes, and wild boars; and the southern district with bears, panthers, hyaenas, lions, wolves, monkeys, snakes, cranes, and ostriches. As might be expected in such a climate, they are abun dantly provided with musquitoes, and all " the light militia of the lower sky." But the most dreadeu of all animated evils is a visit from the locusts, which takes place ever and anon to the waste of whole pro vinces. The creatures are considered to come from the Great Desert, where their myriads are mar shalled, and start on their northern incursions in a dense body, devastating as they go, for after devour ing all other vegetation, they even attack the trees, and strip them of their leaves and bark. In retaliation, they are brought to the markets pickled, and eaten by the Moors. There are many difficulties, and some almost insu perable, in the way of the inquirer into Moroquin statistics. From all we could gather a few years ago, the population of the whole empire might amount to about 7,ooo,ooo—plus or minus—it having under • gone a serious diminution in the course of the pre ceding century. Of the number above stated, about half consists of Moors and Arabs ; one-quarter con sists of the Berbers or aboriginal inhabitants ; with nearly half a million of Jews ; an.l the remainder will be found negroes, with a very few Christians, and still fewer renegadoes, which last are deemed " pariahs" by all, only intermarrying among each other. The Moors are the principal inhabitants of the towns, where they fill the higher offices of Govern ment, and form the military class ; hereditary dis tinctions, however, are unknown among them ; by birth they are all equal ' • and they admit no diffe rence of rank, except such as is derived from official employments, on the resignation of which the occu pant mixes again with the common citizens. They are the only nation of Morocco with which the Euro peans have had an immediate intercourse. Their lan guage is the Moghreb, a dialect of the Arabic, inter mixed with many Amazirk (the original tongue) and Spanish words. They are tall, handsome, and of every shade of complexion. The Arabs are the next important branch of the Moroquin population, although evidently not an indigenous portion. Their language is a tolerably pure Arabic, and they are supposed to be the de scendants of those who fled from Yemen, when the Mahometan tenets were first promulgated. They are widely dispersed over the plain, where they still adhere to their no-made wanderings and pastoral avocations, and are at once active and intelligent. They live in dusky encampments called douars, each consisting of numerous tents, and having large flocks and herds, from which, with a slight attention to agriculture, they entirely subsist themselves with food, home-made raiment, and surplus for markets ; but they are expected to pay the garahm, or pro perty tribute, and are obliged to provide passing troops with corn, butter, honey, and meat. The Berbers, Berebbers, or Brebes, are known as the Amazirghif, who, if not the aborignals, are the most ancient inhabitants of North Africa. They are divided into two great families—the Ereefins, or dwellers on the Ereefe mountain range, and the Schelluhs, who occupy the branches of the Greater Atlas—the first being herdsmen and hunters, the latter working principally in agriculture and handi craft—while both classes are temperate, agile, war like, and hardy. Armed with a long gun, sword, and dagger, in the use of which they are very expert, the Ereefin is an object of alarm to the enemy. The Berbers only intermarry with each other, and are somewhat irregular Mahometans, as they eat wild boar's flesh, and drink wine of their own making. The Jews are a mystery, both here and throughout Barbary, Barbary, being very numerous, and intermixed f among the people whom we have spoken o 1 tion is best among the Ereefins, but amo heir ng the Schelluhs and Moors they are exposed to s d to the most all their ignominious treatment. Yet, under oppres sion, the Jews contrive to have s ubstantial advan tages over the Moors; b of trade, especiallye that ttercl n derstanding the na tureairried on by the incom petent medium of exchange of . commodities, they are the active agents and brokers m all large bargains. The negroes are the last in number of the people of Morocco, yet constitute an important branch of its population. They are usually imported as s l aves, though, on good behaviour, frequently obtain th e i r liberty; and the kind liberality with which they are generally treated ensures the propriety of their con duct. rom among them is formed the body-guard of the Emperor—a force once very formidable, but, at present, not above 5,000 or 6,000 strong. The Government is absolutely more arbitrary than the Turkish ; and that their Emperor, or rather Sul tan, is the most despotic of all despots, uniting in his own hands the various ramifications of power, without the shackles of council, divan, or laws. His authority extends not only over the lives and property of his subjects, but their consciences too, of which, as the representative o f M a h omet, he is the spiritual guide. He is the farmer, judge, interpreter, and, when he pleases, sole executor of his own decrees; and the duties, coins, weight, and measures, are consequently as variable as his own opinions. The capricious ty ranny of the monarch is as inconceivable as the abject Passiveness of the subject, who, with arms in his hands and means at command, thinks of nothing but unconditional submission. Thus a bad Government, and a worse religion, have corrupted sentiments and enslaved the understandings, as well as the persons and consciences, of the people. But the Moors have no notion of sovereignty without despo tism; and to the inherent quality of this tyranny in repressing improvement, the low state of Moroquin knowledge may be ascribed. Education, therefore, is in a dreadful lethargy, for, as Monsieur St. Ohm remarked :—" The Moors of Morocco are not much addicted to reading." Yet it is scarcely five cen turies ago since the intellectual light of those regions beamed in Spain ! With such motley and contradictory elements, it is difficult to predict the consequence of an invasion of Morocco on a complete scale, or what would be the nature and amount of its army on a crisis. In this manner he might raise from 150,000 to 200,000 men of sorts with barely any distinction of uniform, and variously armed, but all capable of enduring hunger, thirst, and fatigue, with the utmost patience. Indeed, men imbued with the principle that though it is necessary to do their duty, yet it is not necessary to live, are not readily put down ; and opium and predestination, as Prince Eugene observed, will make any man brave. Averse to the sea, though dreaded as rovers, they never were good sailors, but on land seem ever ready for action : and with them a stranger and an enemy are synonymous terms. Their general plan of attack is that of riding up till within a couple of hundred yards of the enemy, when they level muskets, fire, wheel round their horses, and gallop away at full speed ; after which, when beyond shot-range, they re-load and return to the charge with loud yells. If the enemy gives way, or exhibits signs of fear, they venture to push for wards ; but if attacked, man to man, with the sabre, we may safely consider their resistance as likely to be very short, since they are obliged to hold both bridle and gun in one hand if they use the sword with the other. The latter they avoid to the last moment, preferring to rely on the swiftness of the attack and retreat, and on a dexterous use of the musket. We are here speaking of the Moors; but the Berber tac tics are, after the first fire, to rush in pell-meal among the enemy, with bayonets fixed to their long guns, which they manage with i m p e t uos it y an d bravery, placing their dependence rather on steel than powder. - But should a powerful enemy iucceed in occupy ing the plains of the country, with their towns and cities, it is still very far from completing the con quest of Morocco ; and even to maintain such occu pation, it would require that the conquerors should be absolute in the maritime supremacy of the Mediterra nean. Under this military cantonment, the fastnesses and elevated table-lands of the extensive Atlas range must remain independent sine die; for thy teem with an unsubdued race, in command of difficult passes untraversed as yet but by themselves, and where even the footsteps of the stranger would be instantly traced by their keenness and sagacity, Full of fire, strength, and courage, they are suspi cious, cruel, and implacable ; and not - at all remarkable for sparing those who Lill into their clutches. They already view in Abcl-el-Kader—who, is descended from one of the most ancient of the Arabian families—the gallant defender of their faith, and the heroic chief of the Holy war, in which light the present contest with the French is univer sally regarded. A. cry against them has broken forth throughout North Africa, and given birth to a feeling which will interfere with colonisation. Fanatically attached to the rights of their soil, their religion, ant: their race, the Atnazirghis—=whose very name signi fies noble and free—live in a state of almost indepen. dente, under the administration of their Omzs':rgh, Amzgar, and Amueran, elders and lords who are here ditary, and ever r ea dy t o lead, The:: r scheiks are also active and intelligent in - tY - a r) ..',.se affairs, as, in deed, they are expected to, I* in a chief," saith one The want of courage a - proverbs, " is the standard of revolt." They at once very inclined and we ll calculated for i nostilities, as the rulers of Morocco have frequen+:4y found ; for the mutual jealousies of the nr;untain chiefs seem to be the only causes which preserve to those rulers the shadow of authority over the tribes. The population of the Morocco empire is variously represented. Jackson professes to have had access to the Imperial Registers, and gives the following as the result :—City of Morocco, 270,000 ; city of Fez, 280,000 ; city of Mequinez, 110,000 ; other cities, 135,000; provinces, 13,991,000. Total, 14,886,000. There is evident great exaggeration in this statement. More recent travellers have set down the population of the city of Morocco as 30,000, and the other towns in proportion. Another writer is of opinion that the entire population is not beyond 5,000,000. Perhaps 6,000,000 is nearer the truth. The plain between the Atlas mountains and the sea is between four and five hundred miles in length ; and the highest peak of the chain is 13,050 feet. In 1547, an Arabian chief, of the race of the Schireffes, ascended the throne, and his posterity still rules. THE GOIIaON STEIM--FRIGATE. Extract of a letter from her Majesty's steam-ship Gorgon, dated Monte Video, May 16 : " The Gorgon is what we call in nautical phrase high and dry' on the beach, but as sound as ever. In a very heavy gale of wind on Friday, 10th May, two of our chain cables broke, and we let go the third cable, and tried to steam out to sea; hut failing in that, and being without anchors of sufficient size re maining to hold the ship, we were driven up on the sandy beach in this bay, about two miles from Monte Video, and there we stick fast. The ship is 204 feet long, and draws 17 feet of water; she is eight feet deep in the sand, and is raised up eight feet above her usual line of floatation. We are busy in taking everything out of her, engines, boilers, &c., which will occupy two months at least, and then we shall heave her off. The French, American, and Brazi lian ships of war have offered their assistance, and tie beach we are upon is in possession of the party who are at war with the Monte Videans, and they have offered us several thousands of their soldiers if necessary ; so I think there is no doubt about our get ting off again. We think to be afloat in a month, and it will then take us two months to get all her stores in again, so should we return to England with the utmost dispatch, we could not arrive there for six months from this time ; in this case we should sail home, but if we wait to put our engines together again, we could not possibly get to England for some months longer. The ship is uninjured. The con tending parties in this wretched country vie with each other in showing us every attention ; an officer of the outside party lives on board to attend to our wants, and provide us with everything the country affords, and we are more comfortable than we have ever been before. This day week we were expecting to go to the coast of Africa, but fortunately that cannot now happen. We are very well off as to our living and comforts in general ; we have a good supply of beef, mutton, poultry, and vegetables on reasonable terms, also milk and butter; and we always bake our own bread. The weather is getting cold also, but clear and dry; we have just put on our winter clothing ; the air of this country you know is remarkable for its freshness and purity, and we are all so delighted with the health and plenty which we enjoy, that we do not wish to get afloat again for a month or two at least. Many of our men had not been on terra firma since they left England, and they pretend to fear they will be sea-sick when we get afloat again. The war of extermination still rages with brutal ferocity ; the beach and country are strewed with the uninterred bones of its wretched victims. These cold-blooded and barbarous scenes have sickened me of, at least, this kind of prolonged and revengeful war, which we may call the Indian system of war. In Europe, where fleets and armies are so expensive, the contend ing parties seek each other, a battle is fought and peace restored; but here a large portion of the popu lation live by war; they avoid general combats, they plot schemes of revenge with Indian patience and cunning, and exult over their fallen foes in a manner shockingly revolting to the feelings of those who have been accustomed to civilised life. The Indian females fight on horseback alongside their husbands, and throw the lance with great accuracy. Even hospitals are not respected; lately an hospital was surrounded, and the doctor and all the patients put to death. After the ship is off the beach we shall have to drag her over the ground in seven or eight feet water for nearly a mile before she will float, which will occupy several days. The tides are influenced with the winds, and they rise when it blows from the S.W. (which it did when we went on shore), and the people all say here, that it bad not been so high for twenty-eight years as it was during the hurricane when we got aground. Several houses near the beach were washed down. G' A JIG ..CCIDENT.—On Wednesday last a very serious accident occurred to Sir John Broughton, Bart., at Kingston. The Baronet was riding in his gig on the Upper Ham-road, and had arrived opposite Fleet Lodge, when his horse took fright and shyed. Sir John war pitched out of the gig into the road, and fell with such force as to break his collar-bone, and otherwise iajure him. He was assisted by some persons passing at the time, and afterwards taken to his own residence by Mr. Harding, the farrier, at Kingston. Dr. Sudlow Roots was soon in attendance upon him, and be is fast reco verin g. Huai TmEs.—Monday afternoon, shortlyZafter two o'clock, the neighbourhoods on the banks Of the Thames were inundated by the encroachment of the tide. which was of unusual height. Some of the steam •boat& had some difficulty in passing under the different bridges, owing to the funnels coming in close contact with the upper part of the arches. Parts of Wapping and Tooley. street, near the banks of the river, were quite impassible for some time ; the river also rushed into the cellars and kitchens, doing considerable damage. TILE BUTTER TRADE.—Great excitement prevails amongst the merchants and persons connected with the butter trade in this city, in consequence of intimation having been received from the other side of the channel, that extensive frauds are practising on the Weigh-? t i e e m q m i u qualities nf ti o hn f ev butter t s to h tne i e p i s p o e ft d omt a ea t r ke p i elr s p t p ort hav brands, the _b e c f r r e k in h g e s b u e b e n - altered. Examiner . EXPENDITURE. X s. d. £ ts. d. Salaries and allowances of the principal officers of the Duchy, and of their establishment of officers and clerks 5,949 3 0 And of the law officers of the county Palatine . 763 210 6,712 510 The like account of receivers and agents employed in the collection of the re- 202 8 1 venue The like of stewards and bailiffs of ho nours, manors, lordships, and hun dreds, and others not employed in the collection of the revenue.. 602 8 8 Annuities and retired allowances 1,227 0 0 Donations and charites, including sti pends and eleemosynary annuities Law charges Surveys, valuations, repairs and im provements Labourers' wages, expenses in holding manorial courts, land-tax, and other charges fixed by law, rents, insurance, audit expenses, books, stationery, and all other expenses not included above 3,584 18 3i Purchase, of stock from moneys arising from grants in fee, sales of rents, and enfranchisement of copyholds Payments made out of this revenue to her Majesty's Keeper of the Privy Purse 712 5 4i ------------------ Balance remaining on the account of the Receiver- General to Michailmas, 1843 4,941 12 31 Balance then remaining in the hands of receivers or agents - - 4,941 12 3.1 Arrears discharged 62 17 6 £33,037 18 01 SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.—THE LICENSED VICTUALLERS' SCHOOL.—On Monday being the anniver sary of the birth-day of his Royal Highness Prince Albert, the Licensed Victuallers gave their annual fete and fancy fair, in honour of the day, and for the bene fi!, of their school, in the grounds of the Surrey Zoolo gical Gardens. The concourse of company was very great ; crowds were arriving during the day, and several thousand visitors must, in the course of it, have passed through the entrance gates. The articles to be disposed of, consisting of such things as are generally seen on these occasions, were arranged under tents in the usual manner. The purchasers seemed liberally inclined, and a brisk sale was kept up. In addition to the sights ex hibited in these grounds on ordinary occasions, an excel lent military band was in attendance ; there was also the Russian family Kantrowitz, dressed in their national cos tume, who sang their native melodies with very good effect. Herr Meyer, called the " magic siffleur," also attended and displayed his art ; and, in a word, the series of amusements and exhibitions lasted for many hours, to the delight of both the young and the old. The appearance of the children of the school, who were pre sent, was very good ; no children could have exhibited a more cheerful, healthy, and clean condition. In the evening fireworks were discharged, and the great fire of London in 1666 was repeated. The whole was well managed, and speaks well for the arrangements of the gardens under the new proprietor, Mr. Tyler. EXTRAORDINARY LEAP.—On Thursday night, between one and two o'clock, the following very strange occurrence took place at the Northumberland Hotel, Dublin :—lt appears that a gentleman, who gave his name as William A. Marsh, and said he was a native of the county of Westmeath, went to lodge at the above hotel on Monday, where he continued up to the night in question, and at the hour stated he got out of bed and leaped out of the window into the street. Police constable 45 C was near the spot, and took up the gen tleman, who did not seem much hurt, although he had leaped, according to the policeman's account, from the third story ; but the gentleman himself said it was from the second window of the building. The constable ac companied Mr. Marsh to Sackville-place station-house, where he (Mr. Marsh) told the following story to Mr. M`Cann, the inspector on duty :—He said he was aroused from his sleep by hearing the voices of persons in the closet, who were speaking about going on board a steamer for a pleasure trip, and that they were hurry ing for some place, which he could not !Mae. The noise, he said, continued for some time, and in a very confused manner, so he got afraid, and leaped out of the window. His left arm was a little hurt. He refused to go back to the hotel, and as Mr. M'Cann had no charge against the gentleman, he brought him to the Prince of Wales Hotel, where he went to bed. It is little short of a per fect miracle that Mr. Marsh escaped almost unhurt, considering the dangerous leap he made. DEATHS IN THE MILLBANK PRISON.—An inquest was held on Monday in the Millbank Prison (late Peni tentiary), before Mr. Higgs, on the bodies of Robert James, aged 24, and John Ward, aged 41, convicts under sentence of transportation. The body of James w a s th e most emaciated ever seen even within this prison ; the appearance was that of a human skeleton with skin drawn tightly over it, the bones almost piercing through it. Mr. Samuel Hatchard, deputy-governor, said the deceased Robert James was received into that gaol on the 28th of March last, from Exeter gaol, under sentence of transportation for ten years, having been convicted on the 2d of January at the Exeter Sessions of housebreak ing. He had been in that prison before for three years and a half, having been previously convicted of a similar crime, and sentenced to ten years' transportation, which was commuted to the above term of imprisonment. When his term expired he was sent to his native place (Exeter). The deceased on his second admission told him that for some time before he committed the crime he had been sleeping under hedges, and was nearly starred. Dr. William Baly, physician to the prison, said the deceased laboured under scrofula and consumption when admitted. After he had been in about six weeks he was removed into the infirmary, where he remained until his death, which took place on Monday morning. He had wine, brandy, eggs, and everything he required. For the last three months he became so emaciated that it was surprising he lived so long. In fact he had ne ver seen so thin a man. In this case a verdict of " Died of con sumption" was returned. With reference to the other deceased (Ward), it appeared that he was received into prison on the 2d inst. from Ipswich gaol, having been convicted at the sessions held in that town on the sth of July of horse stealing, and sentenced to ten years' trans portation. On the 9th of the present month he was at tacked with water on the brain; he fell into a state of in sensibility, and died on Saturday. Verdict, " Died from water on the brain." 418 3 11 418 3 11 1 , J of Nl'v itcheo.