The Sun. — London, England, 1844-12-04 00:00:00

MORAL AND POLITICAL STATE OF BRAZILS. (FROM A CORRESPONDENT.) In the Revue des deux Mondes, published at Paris in July last, was inserted an article with the above title, and in September appeared another, under the aame head, purporting to contain an account of the travels in' Brazils of a Monsieur de Chavagnes, with his observations on the state of society in that empire. Some idea may be formed of his fitness for such a task, fr©m the short time he had to collect his materials. After a residence of a fortnight. or three weeks at Rio de Janeiro, he proceeded to Curo Paeto, the capital town of the province of Minas Geraes—and came back again. Veni, vidi, vici. He acknowledges that he met with the kindest treatment and the most hos pitable reception every where, particularly at the houses of the farmers and gentlemen in the country : every foreign traveller that has made that journey speaks highly of the universal hospitality he experienced from the inhabitants, amply compensating them for the want of inns and taverns. But not so Mr. Cha vagnes ; for, out of gratitude, he says, " that the accommodation in the meanest pot-house in France is superior to that afforded in the dwellings of the most vesrctablo and richest gentleman or faxmer in Brazils 1" With more than an average share of the vanity of his cppatrymen, he appears to consider France a standard of perfection as to maulers and morals, reli gion anti politics ; therefore, comparing everything he saw or heard in Brazils with what he vva.s accustomed to see and hear in his own country, he turns all in the New World into ridicule, and caricatures all the inhabitants, from the Emperor on his throne to the slave in the street; nay, not even the fair sex has escaped his calumnies and jeers. Statesmen, senators, deputies, merchants, and shop keepers, are all treated with equal contempt and ridi eule by this young and hasty traveller, who, dis appointed, perhaps, in not finding at Rio a Valais lloyale, or the Boalevards of Paris, and the class of society to be found.there, condemns the reserve and seclusion of the ladies of Brazil ; and, making no allowance for the heat of the climate, ridicules the dishabille they appear in in their own homes, as if he had never seen a Frenchwoman in a neglige dress! All foreigners who have hitherto explored the in terior of the vast empire of Brazils, or visited its capital, have described the former as presenting the most magnificent scenery in the world, and the latter as rivalling the first cities in Europe, the productions of the arts and sciences being as perfect in the one, as those of nature were grand and sublime in the etheia The inhabitants, likewise, have been pour *eyed as conspicuous for their hospitality and atten tion to strangers and foreigners respectably connected, and furnished with the requisite introduction; whilst the Emperor, though young in years, displays all that urbanity and complaisance consistent with the high station he occupies, and fulfils all his moral, political, and religious obligations with a zeal and ability that would do credit to more mature heads and hearts. I'4. de Chavagnes, by his extravagant and outrt assertions, gross exaggerations, and perverse mis statements, has astonished all France, and offended all Brazils. If his object were to gain notoriety, he has succeeded to the utmost of his wishes; and though loth to add to his unenviable reputation as a writer, yet it is perhaps necessary to expose his absurdities and glaring errors, to prevent the public from being imposed upon, and that an antidote should accompany the poison. I - favitg giren a proof of his ingratitude, the Bra %Than press give the following specimens of his accu racy, veracity, and humanity : it was in November, 1842, that M. de C. visited la) Janeiro. lie says the Emperor was then 20 years of age, when, in fact, he was only 16, having been declared competent at that age to assume the reigns of government, although the age of ssighteen had been prescribed by the con4titution. lie further asserts that the Ministry were dismissed for having saluted Mr. Ellis (our late negotiator) with a roll of the drums; that there was not any one deserving the name of a statesman in all the empire ;. that at Rio they were entirely ignorant of what was passing in the provinces; that the Government could raise no more loans, because the holders of bonds found great difficulty in establishing their claims to the dividends ; finally, that the consump tion of wine had fallen off to that degree, that whereas the importation in 1841 consisted of 8,570,000 pipes, in 1842 it amounted to only 4,650,000 pipes : and attributes the deficiency to the Brazilians no longer drinking French or Portuguese wines. These extracts are from his first number ; his second will be noticed hereafter. COURT OF ALDERMEN. Yesterday a Court was held for the dispatch o haziness. THE CITY FREEDOM. The Chamberlain's list of applications to be made free, from wholesale as well as retail dealers, con tained the names of several merchants and bankers o eminence in the City. The freedoms were granted. The inquests of many of the wards made present ments of numbers of persons carrying on wholesale and retail trades who had not taken up their freedoms. In presenting the non-freemen of the ward of Cripplegate Within, the foreman said that he and kis brethren hail been at great pains to obtain the roll of those of whom they had to complain, and he expressed a hope that the Court would not prosecute any retail dealers until the question with respect to the wholesale dealers should be settled. In malag the presentment of the inquest of the ward of Farringdon Without, the foreman stated that of two persons who had been presented as wholesale dealers, not having taken up their freedom, one had been elected an inquest-man and refused, but after wards consented to serve. That inquest-man, how ever, declined putting his signature to the present ment of the non-freemen, upon the ground that by signing the document he would he consenting to his own conviction. The jury were, in such difficulty, 'obliged to borrow an inquest-man from another dis trict to make, by his signature, the presentment legal. The inquest trusted that the wholesale dealers would be dealt with by the Court as well as the retell dealers; that the most humble individuals would not be treated with less indulgence than the most elevated ; and that neither wealth nor poverty ooubl influence the decisions in any of the cases subject to adjudication.—(Hear.) The several presentments were, so far as related to the nen-freemen, referred to the Chamberlain. THU BOROUGH COMPTER. Alderman %boo,/ brought up the report of the Gaol Committee appointell to take into consideration the propriety of dispensing with and discontinuing the Borough Compter altogether as a prison. The report stated that the average expenditure for the last seven years was 7911. 18S. 2d. per annum, and that the number of persons confined previously to the passing of the Act amounted to 133, and since the passing of the Act to one only ; and that it ap pearing that notwithstanding the operation of the said Act there were some purposes for which a gaol must be maintained in the borough of Southwark, the Com mittee were of opinion that the Compter could not be diseentinued without the sanction of Parliament. Alderman 60PBLAND said that surely the Govern ment would not put the City to the expanse of bring ing in a Bill to enable the City to get rid of an ex. pence which every one must see was rendered wholly unnecessary by the Act of the Legislature itself, but would introduce a clause giving power to get rid of so useless an appendage.—(Hear, hear.) Alderman WiLsoN agreed in the justness of the observations just made, but said that the gaol was still liable to receive prisoners, and, until Parliament in terposed, it would be dangerous to remove or dis- Son finite it. The report was then agreed to. 'PRESENTATION OF ADDRESSES. Alderman WILBOIi brought up the report of the Committee on the subject of presenting addresses. It stated the opinion of the Committee, that whenever the Court should determine to present an address to her Majesty, or any other royal personage, the whole of the members of the Court should be summoned to attend the presentation thereof in the usual manner, notwithstanding the Court of Common Council might have adopted the address of the Court, or agreed to an address in similar terms. The report was agreed to without comment. GLANDERED 110R81138. Alderman COPELAND called the attention of the Court to the necessity of interposing its power to pre vent, as much as possible, the sale of glandered horses in Smithfield Market, which had, particularly of late years, acquired a remarkable notoriety on account of the numerous instances in which diseased horses were disposed of there.—(Haar, hear.) He could speak, von the testimony of a very respectable police-ser geant who officiated in the district of the market, that vaat numbers of glandered horses were daily brought thither, and he was convinced that the appointanent of a veterinary surgeon to attend Smith field Market on market days was the only means by which so dangerous an evil could be prevented. lie concluded by moving that it be referred to the Corn mittee of General Purposes to report on the expe diency of appointing a veterinary surgeon, for the examination of horses alleged to be glandered, in , Smithfield Market. Sir Growls CARROLL seconded the reference, and Said that the necessity for such an appointment was every day more obvious, and that in ore day three complaints Were made to , him at ' Guildhall relative to glandered horses in Smithfi eld THE CONTESTED ELECTIONecd)v. Market. ORTSOKEN WARD. The TOWN CLERK infbrm‘ Court ,i(iile t r h rn a a t n h i‘ e lo h o a n d , received a letter from the solicitors of eopuorAitntse would read. which, with the permi)siop of the C The following are the essential of the corn nnunication : "As solicitors for Mr. Alderman Moon, we beg leave to send you a copy of a rule which has be e n granted by the Court of Queen's Bench, at the in stance of Mr. David Salomons, calling upon Mr. Moon to show cause why a quo warranty information should not be filed against him to show by what authority he claims to be an Alderman of the City of London, and which we have to request you to lay before the Court of Aldermen. "We have to request that they will permit you to furnish us with copies of the precepts for the two recent wardtnote elections for Portsoken, with the re turns thereto, and also of the minutes of the Court of Aldermen relating thereto. "We have the honour to be, Sir, your obedient humble servants, "GEORGE and CHARLES CORNER." Alderman COPELAND said he should teel satisfac tion in rendering all the assistance the Court could legally render to Mr. Moon, but he objected to allow the production of any document without having the opinion of the Recorder whether the intelligence con tained in it might not be used as a means of entangling the Court in the question which lay merely between Alderman Moon and Mr. Salomons.—(Hear, hear.) He did not wish that the Court should take up the cudgel in the case of Alderman Moon, as they had taken it up, most decidedly against his judgment, in that of Mr. Thomas Johnson. As Mr. Moon chose to battle it with Mr. Salomons, the two competitors ought to be allowed to settle it between themselves. He was willing to render both gentlemen all the aid the Court could, consistently with its own neutrality, afford ; but he had no idea of incurring 2,4001., or 2,5001. expense, the charge defrayed by them in the case he quoted, on any future occasion. Alderman Moon must take the distinction with all its costs and other imperfections.—(Hear, hear.) Under all the serious and delicate circumstances of the case, he could not consent to grant the inspection of any of the papers connected with the matter without having the opinion of the law officers, at the same time that he felt most desirous to render every facility which such authority should consider advisable. Sir P. LAURIII said it would appear to be an im- I pression of Alderman Copeland that Alderman Moon I applied for assistance in this case. Now, he should be happy that the Court would render every possible aid to that gentleman, and he should most willingly sup port any proposition to render him service in the pro ceedings in which he was engaged.—(Hear.) Alder man Hughes had been in a condition similar to that in which Mr. Moon was placed, but had been ousted. Mr. Moon had resolutely engaged in the contest. If he (Sir Peter Laurie) supposed that the consent of this Court to grant the inspection of the required do cuments would mix them up in the contest, he would not support the application ; but no such consequence was involved in it.—(Hear, hear.) Alderman LUCAS said that he apprehended that the object of the solicitors of Alderman Moon was to ob tain copies of the precepts and the proceedings of the Court with respect to the election at the ward of Portsoken. He did not see what reasonable objection could be made to the application.. As to the statement that the Court had, nothing to do with the question, that was certainly an error. The Court had to do with it, for they refused to swear in Mr. Salomons, and issued a precept for another election, of which the re turn of Mr. Moon was the consequence.—(Hear.) Alderman WILSON said the application was a most reasonable one. He admitted that there was a differ ence between the case in which Mr. Thomas Johnson was a candidate and the present case. In the former case the Court was bound to pay all the expenses in curred by the contest, and they paid the expenses ac cordingly. The time was not yet arrived for deciding upon the merits of the present question as to the claims of Alderman Moon upon the more important sympathies of the Court; but when that time should come, he would most readily stand forward to support the application.—(Hear, hear.) Alderman T. Woon stated that the application was merely for documents, the granting of which would no more commit the Court, than the inspection of the records of the Corporation by a member of the Livery would place the privileges of that body in jeopardy.—(Hear.) Alderman HUMPHERY said he differed toto emir; from all who had spoken on the subject. He ob jected to the principle of allowing Alderman Moon to defend the right which the Court had claimed to itself in refusing to swear in Mr. Salomons. The Court were committing Alderman Moon as he cer tainly ought not to be committed. They had thought proper to reject Mr. Salomons, and to issue another precept, calling on the inhabitants of the ward to make another election. The inhabitants thought proper to elect Mr. Moon unanimously, and the Court had approved of their choice. The Court then had a right, and was bound in justice and in honour to defend the precept which they had issued, and which led to the proceedings in which the person whose election they had recognised was involved.—(Hear.) Mr. Hughes had been in a different position. Ile had been sworn in upon the votes of a minority of the ward. Mr. Moon was sworn in upon the votes of a majority. The cases were thug essentially different. After adverting to his own case in the contest for .Aldgate Ward, Alderman Ilumphery asked whether, if Alderman Moon de fended his seat in that Court, and were ousted, they could lay their hands upon their consciences, and call upon him to pay the expenses of Mr. Salomons ? It was quite impossible that they could. How, then, could they lay their hands upon their consciences, and call upon him, if he fought for their rights, and ob tained the victory, to defray the expenses incurred by the efforts made in their cause ?—(Hear, hear.) The Court were then bound to defend themselves, and by their own law officers—not by men who felt no inte rest in the result. These were his sentiments, and he thought the Court ought immediately to act upon them, instead of allowing any individual to act in their vindication. Alderman LUCAS said Alderman Humphery ought to remember that the quo warranto was directed to Mr. Moon, who appeared to have taken the strictly proper course in giving his answer. That answer would necessarily state that he was approved by the Court of Aldermen by whom the precept had been issued. The Court might be called upon to show cause why they had issued a precept after Mr. Salo mons had been returned to them as elected —(llear.) The case was travelling on, and in his opinion Mr. Moon had no occasio n t o b e uneasy at having it all to himself.—(A laugh.) He was an Alderman of London. The question was, whether th e C our t h a d done right or wrong in refusing to swear in Mr. Salomons?—(Hear, hear.) The RECORDER said the rule was a rule served upon Mr. Moon to show cause upon what authority he assumed to serve the office of Alderman for the ward of Portsoken. The parties were Mr. Salomons and Mr. Moon. The Court were not parties to the rule. If a mandamus were issued against them upon their refusal to swear in Mr. Salomons, it would be then for them to show that Mr. Salomons was not competent to serve. It was not necessary that they should put themselves into such a condition. To both parties he considered it would be advisable to give proper access to the accounts of the proceedings and the precepts, subject to the limitations which might be suggested by the law authorities of the Corporation. The COURT ultimately agreed to allow the soli citors of Alderman Moon to have access to the docu ments required, subject to the canditions mentioned by the Recorder. Mr. Salomons will, upon applica tion, receive similar facilities. —The Court adjourned. MR. WILSON'S MUSIC AL ENTERTAINMENTS.—We are gratified to see this delightful vocalist once more among us. He has been received with the same enthu siasm as ever, the Music Hall being filled on Friday evening, both in the body and in the gallery ; and those who know the spacious dimensions of that hall will re quire no other test of the popularity of this singer. The selection on the above night consisted, with one or two exceptions, of Scottish songs, agreeably varied by the humorous and pathetic. In this field Air. Wilson stands alone in excellence ; his rich melodious voice, so flexible and so sustained, and his fine taste and cultivation, have enabled him to give that truth and simplicity to the Scottish airs, which are their charm. Saturday forenoon Mr. Wilson gave another entertainment in the Hepetoun Rooms, which were crow d ed by a highly fashionable au dience. We observe he appears again on the evenin g of Saturday next, in th e M usic Ilall.—Cuiedoxian Mercu ry. AFFAIRS or OTAZIEITE.—W e direct the attention of our readers to an interesting letter from Otabeite, from a gentleman resident in one of the Society Islands, which appears in another column, addressed to one of the respected ministers of this city, by whose kindness we have been enabled to give it publicity. It contains many details of the recent occurrences in those islands which hare not hitherto reached Europe, and will be read with attention both in France and in this country.—Glasgow Argus.—[We have referred to the letter, and find that it contains no fresh intelligence, and is evidently written by one who cannot take an impartial view of the ques tion. The 'statements of the missionaries in the Ota heite Island's ought to be received with great ED. Sun.] . CAUTION TO DISSHNTERS.--Dissenters are cau tioned how they insure their property in offices with the articles of which they have not made themselves ac quainted. A Dissenter lately insured in a London fire office,and had the misfortune to be burnt out. In the policy of insurance was a clause, that the minister and church wardens of the parish shall certify or declare that the fire has happened by a single accident. Being a Dissen ter, and opposed to church •rtes, and because the minister really does not know whether the fire took place by ac cident or design, the minister and church-wardens re fuse to make their declaration. Counsel have been con sulted on this clause, and it is said to be fatal to the goodness of the claim.—Lancaster GUardian. COMMERCIAL CURIOSITY. A gentleman near Aylesbury has in his possession a Bank of England note for sixpence, issued in the year 1700, of which the fo!. lowing is an exact copy : No. 165. I promise to pay to T. Caddel or bearer, on demand, the summe of sixpence. —London, Bth day of 3/19., 1700. For th e G overnor an d C ompany of the Bank of England, JOHN WACIE. eta rsrusl._so4g:iiensebitutir:ANs e b w ee s. n offered for this curiosity rliE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EV.ENtNG, DECEMBER 4, persisting in the " save-at-the-spigot-and-letting out-at-the43ung" policy, which has been adhered to with insane and cruel pertinacity, could scarcely be more forcibly demonstrated than by such returns as that before us. Towards the close of the last Ses sion, the House of Commons, on the motion of Mr. Hume, ordered " a return of the several establish ments maintained for the prevention of smuggling in the United Kingdom, in each of the years 1842 and 1843; the expenses of prosecutions by the Customs and Excise; the produce of seizures; the rewards paid to officers, &c. STATE OF TRADE. (From the Manchester Guardian.) The near approach of the Christmas holidays, and the continued decline in the price of cotton at Liver pool, combine to diminish the activity of this market. The demand both for goods and yarn yesterday was limited; and, in some few cases, slight reductions of price were submitted to. Generally, however, spinners and manufacturers are so bare of stock, that they show no inclination to relax in their demands. ROCHDALE FLARREL MARKET, DEC. 2.—There has been very little change in the piece market to-day. The demand still continues limited, and prices low. In the wool market the manufacturers purchase very sparingly, at last week's prices. TURN-OUT OF THE COAL-MINERS of LANCASHIRE and CHESHIRE. abled to fight these guns, when a three-decker's lower ports were obliged to be shut. Now, by a miss in the guess work, either on the part of the surveyor of the navy, or, most probably, of the professional adviser, it was found impossible to give the Albion any such an armament. 1 By another mistake, the lower decks of this ship have so little height under the beams, that in order to mount the four or five 68-pounders which the ship carries, it was found absolutely necessary to cut down the cells of the ports. So touch for building of ships by instinct, without any regard to the general principles of physical science. --- WIGAN, TUESDAY - MORNING.—Very great excite ment prevails at present amongst the colliers of this part of the country. Meetings are holding every week, in various parts of the district, at which resolutions are always adopted unanimously, to the effect that their labour is not sufficiently rewarded, and that it is desirable to join the union, and collect funds to enable them to stand a strike in the event of its being necessary. Mr. W. P. Roberts, solicitor, from New port, commonly called the " Miners' Attorney-Gene ral," has taken offices in Manchester, with a view, it is said, of being on the spot to give such legal advice as may seem necessary. Delegate meetings have also been held in various places, but their proceed ings, as far as the press is concerned, are kept private. . _ We have no hesitation in saying, that in the very na ture of things the form adopted by the surveyor, viz., that of a wedge with a protrusion at the water surface, which he calls " bearing," is most unfavourable to an easy motion, and it is ruinous in heavy weather. By the swelling of the body above water, the rolling tends to immerse a greater solid on one side than that raised up on the other ; but since, by the laws of hydrostatics, the weight of the whole ship is that of the water she displaces, be the position what it may, therefore this tendency to inequality iu the opposite solids, alternately immersed and emersed as the ship rolls, must necessarily , produce a distressing rising and falling during the roll ing, which cannot but work everything in pieces at last. Let amy one look at the report on the repairs of the ,Vernon t 4fter being only two years at sea, and he will be quite surprised at the refit. "Each end of the upper deck beams was found to have separated from the timbers in some cases seven-eighths of an inch." In the present case the oakum had worked out of the seams of the ducks of the Albi6n, and she applied for 70 cwt. of junk on board the Caledonia for caulking. This is the second time since she left Plymouth, and we venture to predict that ere long the ship will come home to refit, We should think that the results of these trials must come home with considerable force to the minds of the Admiralty, who hold in their hands the destinies of the ship-building department of the Government ; and we do hope it will lead to something like an improved board for the construction of our ships. We hare no personal ill feeling of any kind toward t he surveyor of the navy — no desire whatever to deprive the country of any advan • tage to be derived from his talents ; but we do solemnly protest against our science and our reputation being muzzled and beat down in the way it has, merely to sus tain the fanciful views of an empirical party, who imagine there is a sort of royal road ,to learning in naval archi tecture. Matters now seem to be fast arriving at a. climax. On Saturday last the workmen in every pit in Lan cashire and Cheshire, except the St. Helen's district, sent in to their masters a written application demand ing an advance of twopence upon each shilling they now earn. Should their demand be refused the result will, of course, be a general strike. Yes terday several meetings were held, and, as far as it was possible to ascertain, there was not a coal-mine at work in the whole district. Two of the most im portant of these meetings were those held at a place called Bardsley, between Oldham and Ashton, and the other in the village of Lamberton Green, about two miles from this place. At Lamberton Green a delegate meeting was also held, at which delegates were present from every coal-pit in the twa counties, except th6se in the neighbourhood of St. Helen's, The public meeting at Lamberton•green was at tended by about 3,000 persons. George Ramsey, of Marsden, near Colne, was called on to preside. The Chairman, Charles Parkinson, from Durham, Benjamin Emberton, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and James Price, one of the secretaries to the delegate meeting, spoke at some length, and urged the necessity of a firm and determined union among themselves, in order to carry out their object effectually. Mr. W. P. ROBERTS, solicitor, was next called upon by the Chairman. He said he was there that day to offer his advice and counsel to the men who were engaged in that most mighty movement. He was there- for the purpose of encouraging them to persevere in their good cause. Their motto wns " Peace, law, and order." They sought to accomplish nothing by means of physical force. They utterly repudiated that doctrine, and sought only to obtain their object by legal and con stitutional means. • The proceeding lasted upwards of two hours and a half. At the close of the business the chairman again urged them to stand firm, after which they separated. THE EXPERIMENTAL SQUADRON (From the Plymouth Times.) There are considerations to be entered upon in the construction of such ships as the Queen besides mere sailing qualities, which we think have been too much insisted on at the expense of others, perhaps equally important—for example, stowage, ease of motion, capa bility of keeping the sea in heavy weather, cost, &c. Now the Caledonia and St. Vincent are admitted to be very superior ships in all these points of view ; they steer easily, are readily handled, they mount 120 guns on a measurement of only 2,600 tons, and their launeh ing cost at the present time would not far exceed 75,0001. The Queen, on the contrary, does not steer well; she rolls much, and the motion is sharp and uneasy in bad weather. She mounts only 110 guns, on a measure ment of 3,000 tons, and her launching cost is 90,0001., making a difference of 15,000/. We have been informed, on very good authority, that thi s s hip, th e Q ueen, had no less than six men in the sick list, from the fitigue experienced at the wheel. Neither did there appear so much difference in the inclination of the two class of vessels as we might, from the great breadth of the Queen, have expected. In a strong wind the inclina tions of the ships were not very different ; the Caledonia inclined eight degrees, the Queen six degrees. In the course of these trials the Queen carried away two topgallant-masts, showing that every effort was made to bring out her sailing powers, but without effect; and it is quite clear that, as a line-of-battle ship intended fur the efficient and solid services of the country, she is far inferior to the others, that is. so far as experience has hitherto gone. When we consider that the working sails of the Queen expose an area of 29,380 square feet, whilst those of the St. Vincent or Caledonia have only 25,619 square feet, the superiority of the latter as adapted for sailing is quite apparent. We come now to examine the capabilities of the Al- bion. It should be observed, Unit the Albion is, by measurement, one of the largest ships in the navy—she is no less than 3,100 tons. Her spread of canvass is enormous—the, area of her working sails—viz., courses, topsails, topgallant sails, jib, and spanker, is upwards of 30,774 square feet, being more th an t h at o f t h e Caledo by at leaq 5 ,000 square feet. The ould make a m a i nmas t f or th e two decks, and is very fine i sfo li tr a .ev.m or ians S et t e . on V ft.t i h nc es e hA n e t ibhiaosno:,ly under water, Now to expect anything like an equality in sailing between such a ship as this and the St. Vin cent and Caledonia in moderate weather, encumbered, as these ships are, with an additional tier of guns, and 500 tons more load displacement, would be very unreasonable; accordingly, the Albion, in the general weatherin which the ships were tried, evinced a superiority in point of sailing. When, however, the weather being stormy, the ships were brought under reduced canvass, then the com parative sailing of the Caledonia and St. Vincent became greatly improved ; indeed so much so that one morning off Cape St. Vincent, with a close reefed main-topsail, reefed foresail, and main-stay sail,the Calecla gained n o t on l y upon t h e A lbi on, b ut the whole fleet. It i 3 hence doubtful if in severe wea ther the Caledonia would not prove the faster ship. Bet whatever may be the merits of the Albion in respect of appearance, or sailing, certain it is she has been found to possess many very inconvenient and unsatisfactory qualities—like the Queen, she steers laboriously, espe cially before the, wind ; and in a sea way rolls awfully. It is all very fine for persons ill disposed to enter into the solid merits of the case to say that the Albion and ships of her class are splendid ships—and noble ships— must sail fast—and such like indefinite forms of expres sion. But the real question is, are such ships calculated for the hard services of the British navy? We know, as a fact, from undoubted authority, that the celebrated Dupin, during his visit to England, said at Portsmouth, in the dockyard, " This form of vessel is certainly very handsome, but such ships will never answer the purposes of your country." That the Albion, in the compara tively smooth waters of an inland sea, with her fine bot tom and her enormous spread of sail, Would in light winds win the cup, as a great yacht, is very possible, especially under the command of Captain Lockyer, whose thorough knowledge of every particular relating to the navigating and sailing of a ship is certainly equal to that of any one existing. Had Sir W. Symonds sifted the whole Nary List he could not have found a better officer for his purpose. With respect to the beauty aid grandeur of her appearance under sail, there is no deny ing that; but we put these questions to Admiral Bowles,- or. any of the gentlemen who were present :—When the Albion ran down to the Caledonia before the wind, on the 6th of November last, rolling so sharply and terribly as she did, with a difficult steerage, and with her lower deck ports barred in—was she at that time in any ono sense, a match for either of the three-deckers ? Could she have fought her lower deck guns conveniently ? Could she have fought them at all ? Did she not roll full 12 degrees when the three-deck ships scarcely moved? Now, it is easy to see here that the peculiar situation of' the ships was such as to realise a palpable naval posi tion: We may siippose the Albion, in fact, to have been the headmost ship of a fleet in chase, running down upon an enemy, quite prepared, with all her ports open, to receive her. Now, in spite of all these facts, a writer in the Morning Post talks of the great superiority of the Queen and Albion over the other ships. This may do as a sort of fashionable announcement within the sound of Bow bells, but it will not do in the seaports, or amongst naval men generally ; we know better. Here is a ship of more than 3,000 tons—that is, 400 tons more than the St. Vincent, with an armament no greater than that of the Rodney or Nile, measuring only - 2,600 tons. She is built at a launching cost of 80,000/., being 5,000 L more than the St. Vincent, and she is inferior to her in arma ment by nearly a whole tier of guns. Now, what can possibly be the use of such a ship as this ? Is she, for the purposes of the country, in any one sense superior to the Nile, the launching cost of which is nearly 20,000/. less ; the armament equal ; the capacity for stores for sailing trim greeter ; and the ports above the water nearly two feet higher? Has the naval; department lost sight of its judgment altogether, in permitting for one instant the existence of such a state of thing; as this ? Indeed, so evident is the conclusion frOm the premises, that we feel confident, with all the defects in the sur veyor's department, such a ship as the Albion would never have been proposed had it not been intended to make her superior, or at least equivalent to a three-deck ship, by placing in her nn armament of larger calibre ; in short, she was originally intended to carry sixty-eight pounders—that was really the secret of this imposing. structure, and it was guessed that she would have carried her ports so high out of the water as to have been en- If the many-reptiated failures in the department of the surveyor of the navy should not make that impression on the Admiralty which we anticipate, certain it is that sooner or later it will reach the understanding of the Prime Minister through the pulse of the Treasury. Was it wise, was it politic, was it consistent with any one principle in practical experitnoital philosophy, however empirical, to fill the building slips of'cur dockyards with a series of ships—such ships as the Queen, Albion, and Pique—and before the qualities of any one of them had been fairly ascertained ? Of the Queen's class we have the Algiers, Victoria, Royal Sove reign, Royal Frederick ;—building cost, including the Queen, full 450,000/. Of the Albion's class we have Aboukir,. Exmouth, Hannibal, and four others ; —building cost, including Albion, 500,0001. Of the fifth rates after the Pique, proved to have been at best an unsatisfactory ship, we have Active, Cambrian, Flora, Sybille, Constance ;—Building cost, including the Pique, nearly 200.0001., and so on of many others. Here is at once more than a million of money laid out on the mere building—to say nothing of the outfit of the ships for sea, without any regard whatever to ascertained facts, and on no better. ground than that of individual opinion, and a fancied new but indefinable light in the method of con-tructiug ships for our navy. This new light at last turns out to be no light at all, but a mere ignis fatuus, which, having led its followers into all sorts of blunders, has vanished and left the Ad miralty in total darkness. Verily, experience is a dear school. MARKET INTELLIGENCE. (From the London .New Price Current of Dec. 3.) FRUIT.—This afternoon at public sale 122 butts of Patras Currants, partly damaged, were sold at 44s to 498 ; 77 caroteels ditto 47s to 50s, 117 barrels ditto 47s to 51s ; 116 boxes 53 drums of Malaga Figs 35s to 36s ; 3,621 drums 40 boxes Turkey Fags partly damaged 393 to 60s, 11 casks of old Greek Figs 30s ,• 62 cartons of new Imperial French Plums 51 10A, 618 hf-ditto 5/ 5s to 6/10s, 1,008 qr-ditto, 5/ 15s to 615 s ; 720 sixteenth ditto, 61; 500 eighth-boxes, 80s to 95s ; 90 chests 200 hf-ditto of new Prunes, 32s to 395. A parcel of Muscatel Raisins, partly damaged, were mostly taken in at 56s to 98s per cwt. TEA.—The market has still an improving appearance for nearly every description; merchants show firmness, and still refrain from offering any at public sale. To day several purchases were made in Tea; Congou, com mon at lOid to lid; Twankay is 3d to is 3id; Hyson, ordinary 2s 6d to 2s 8d; of Young Hyson a large parcel of low quality was sold at is 10d, being rather higher. Of Common Congou the supply at market is scanty. MOLASSES.—In West India a good business has been transacted at the former currency; the purchases amount to 300 puns—Antigua at 245, St. Kitt's 21s 6d, and St. Vincent's 21s to 21s 6d per cwt. SPICES.—This afternoon Pimento was sought after, and 11 bags at public sale were sold at 3isl per lb for low quality, being the full worth. Cloves were taken sparingly, and 382 bags from Zanzibar at public sale were all taken in at 9d for sound mid quality, a few lots of sea damaged•were sold at Sid to 9d. 21 bags of fine pod Pepper fetched 81 17s 6d to 111 ss, and 3 casks of Cayenne 2s 2d to 2(3d per lb. RlCE.—There has been an increased demand for Bengal, and the rates paid are rather above those pre vionsly quoted. This afternoon several inquiries ex isted for Bengal Rice, and for mid white buyers were compelled to pay I is 6d per cwt by pirate contract. Rum, BRANDT, AND HOLLANDS.—Leewards have been in much better request, and several parcels have been disposed of at firm rates, proof fetching 2s 4id to 2s 5d per gallon ; Calcutta, 2 s 3d for proof with certificate ; Demerara, 3s 2d to 3s 7d for strong descriptions ; Jamaica, 30 to 32 per cent overproof 3s 8d to '3s 10d, and stronger, 4s to 6s. For the common and middling qualities of Brandy rather lower rates have been accepted ; the best brands, however, have been in brisk request, prices are firm :—Cognac, best brands of the vintage of 1838, hhds 5s 2d, puns 5s ; ditto 1839, hhds 4s I Id, puns 4s 9d : ditto 1840, hhds 4s 1 Id, puns 4s 9d ; ditto 1841, hhds 4s 10d, puns 4s Sd ; ditto, 1842, hhds 4s 7d, puns 4s 5d ; ditto 1843, hhds 4s sd, puns 4s 3d; common 2s 9d to 3s, and middling to good mid 3s 2d to 5s 10d per gallon. In Geneva the transactions are upon a more extended scale for exportation, at is 9d to Is 10d, fine for duty is fetching 2s 4d to 3s 6d. English I g t a u l m ion w . as in good demand, at Corn T,- S d i a tyiriLeeward s 2lsland r as' 4d to 2s 4141 proof, and for Calcutta there were seve ral inquiries at 2s 21d to 2s 3d proof, with certificate. In Jamaica there was rather more business transacted upon firmer terms. Holders -of Rum manifest firm ness. The stock of all aorta is 4,700 casks less than last year at this time:_. COCHINEAL—This afternoon a good demani existed for Cochineal, and 37 bags of Honduras at public sale were sold at full rates, low to mid silvers at 4s 3,1 to 4s 6d, good mid 44 7d to 4s Bd, and 3 bags of common black 5s Id to 5s 3d per lb. INDIGO.—We have no improvement to notice in the demand for East India. Madras is still fetching previous rates, and is in fair request. The purchases made in Spanish have been extremely limited. OILS.--There has been more activity in the market for common descriptions of Fish Oils since this day week. Southern has fetched stiffer rates ; Cod has been selling by private treaty at 321 to 32/ 10s ; pale Seal 3415 s t o 351, straw and yellow 301 t o 33/, brown 29/ to 29/ 10s, and, at auction, 60 tuns of Southern, of foreign fishing, in bond, were disposed of at 311 10,E to 331 15s per tun. Sperm is not so much in request, and prices are not so firm —the stock is on the increase. Of 70 twns of American at auction, a part only found buyers at 781 lOs to 861 15s for common to fine quality. Linseed Oil at 22s 6d to 22s 9d per cwt. For Pale Rape 355, and 345 for brown. Olive 41/ to 42/, Gallipoli 39l to 401 for Spanish, and at 38/ to 381 lOs per tun for Barbary and Levant. Coeoa Nut is not much wanted at pre sent, but no further decline has occurred in prices— a part only of 99 casks of Ceylon at auction found buyers at 24s to 28s 6d per cwt for low to fine quality. Palm has been taken sparingly, and prices are looking down ; 26s is the value of fine quality. TALLOW.—Several parcels have been offered at public sale, and nearly the whole found purchasers. For pulic sale on Friday 200 casks South American, 323 casks of yellow candle stranded, 21 casks of African, 92 casks of New South Wales, 191 pkgs of Cape, 25 pkgs of North American, and 100 casks of damaged Odessa are declared. DISCOTERT OF AN ANCIENT RoAD.—A singular discovery has recently been made in Back-lane, at the back of Derby-road. During the last few weeks, the board !or the repair of highways have been engaged in laying soeghs from the bottom of Back-lane to the top of Derby-road. One day at the latter end of last week, the excavators engaged in cutting the line for the sough, suddenly came to: a hollow in the rock, which appeared to be a cave. Upon making a hole large enough for the light to be admitted, they observed that the care was a kind of narrow passage, running in the direction of the forest on one side, and pointing towards the castle on the other. On the side of the castle, about four yards down, the passage has been bricked up, apparently for the pur pose of forming a cellar to one of Mr. Goodheed's houses, near the top of the lane, and the Derby-road side. In the direction of the forest, the road runs under the first house upon going up the hill. During Sunday the passage remained Open, and parties explored it in the direction of the forest several hundred yards, and then re • turned, lest they should fall into some well or pit, or meet with foul gasses. We are sorry the mouth of the passage was closed ere we heard of its existence, or we should have diligently examined it, for the purpose of describing it to our readers. We are told that there is another and very similar passage a few yards higher up the road, which was opened some years ago. We are not aware that these passages have ever yet been described, and an examination would render considerable service to local historians, and would prObably be of some use to anti quarians. It is worthy of remark that the opening into the passage above described is full half a mile from the castle.—/Voitingham Review. TILE OFFERTORY.—This peculiar plan of collect ing money for the poor, is now adopted at All Saints' Church in this town. Immediately after the sermon, when the eudience are expecting the usual dismissory blessing. the clergyman descends from the pulpit, returns to the communion -table, and reads twenty long texts, whilst every pew and every person in the church is visited by ecclesiastical tax-gatherers with a b ow l fi xe d We understand that Col. Hodder and party shot, at to the end of a long stick. When the searchings of Hoddersfield, yesterday, 32 couple of woodcock:, besides ame.— Cork pap 7.. pockets, the borrowings, and lendings, the chinking ocherg and e left Fa '3 Lord and Lady Portman family rrance o f a quantity of silver and ' copper, and the tread of the aforesaid tax- gatherers, are all over, then at last comes the final Hotel, Belgrave-street yesterday, for their seat, iiry prayer, and the painfully protracted departure.—Harp- anstou House, Dorsetshire. shire Independent. OXFORD ClRCUlT.—Gloucester Dec. 2. (Before Mr. Justice COLTMAN.) His LORDSHIP sat until twelve o'clock on Saturday night, and disposed of a variety of unimportant cases, leaving only six or seven, of a very trivial character, for adjudication to-day. This being the day appointed for opening the commission at Worcester, his Lordship will proceed thither in the course of the afternoon, upon the close of the business here. On the assembling of the jury at nine o'clock this morning, they expressed considerable dissatisfaction at the inconvenience and detention they had experienced on Saturday, in consequence of the unnecessary length to which many of the speeches of counsel were, in their opinion, protracted, adding, as they did, in no slight degree by their prolixity to the to and irksomenes s ordinarily attendant upon the duty of jurymen; it is to be hoped, therefore, that this hint may not be lost upon the gentlemen of the bar, for there is no doubt but that in very many cases their Cross•examinations, as well as their addresses, might often be curtailed with equal ad vantage to themselves, their clients, and their audit, r), and, of course, the time of the• judos and Of the country would be materially saved by carrying into effect so desirable an abridgment. eibtrb 1540ttion THE FUNDS—(d ,OSING PRICES.) RRITISF Bank Stock...-. ..... ex dlv 21,8 3 per Cent. Red lOl4 3 per Cent. Cons. ............ 10% per Cent. Red New 31,( per Cent........._ 102% New 5 per Long Annuities to.expire lan. 1 86 0............... 12 1-16 Oct. 1859..... 11% Jan. IP6O l2 1.16 Indian 5t0ck........ ....... 283 FOREIOI I FU NDS. Ditto Bonds £I,OOO Ditto under 41,000 — pm South Sea Stock Ditto Old Annuities Ditto New Annuities... Ex. Bills, 1,0021. I%d ... r• 5 pm. Ditto 5001........,.. « .. 55 pa Ditto 5ma11............. 56 pm Bank Stock for Acct.... 208 'Consols for 0pg........ 99% India Stock ier Acct.... I FUNDS. Austrian. 5 per Cent ......... Russian, 5 per Cent Belgian, 5 per Cent ..... ..... —, Ditto, Metallic .. ... .. ... — Brazilian Bonds ..... ..... 881% ipanisk, 5 per ant., 1810 25 Buenos Ayres, 6 per - C en t,.. • Jitto, 1841..„....„....«.„ Cuba Bonds, 6 per C0nt..... Ditto, lan. — Chllian, 6 per Cent ............ Ditto, 1843 — Colombian, 8 per Cent ' 14% Ditto, 1841 — Danish, 3 per Cent ..... ...... Ditto. 3 per Cent ..•• Greek, 184, 5 per Cent.... Venezuela Bonds, 2 per Ct — Mexican,s per Cent ........ French, 5 per Cent.,.... — f —C. Neapolitan Bonds, 5 per Ct... French. 3 per Cont.... —f --r. Prussian Bonds, 4 per Cent. Exchange .............. —4 —e. Peruvian Bonds, 6 per Ct... 25 Dutch, 2% per Cent ... Portuguese Bonds, S per Ct Ditto„s per Cent 991( SHARES. Birmingham and Gloucester (100 paid) 98% Caledonian (5 paid) Chester and Holyhead ( S paid) Churnet:Valley. 2 paid Direct Northern, 2% paid Great Southern and Western (Ireland) 5 paid Great North of England, 100 paid Great Western (75 paid) . 113 Ditto Half Shares, 50 paid Hull and Selby, 50 paid 66% Lancaster and Carlisle, 10 paid London and Birmingham (Stock) '2l9 Ditto, Quarter Shares ( 2 paid) London and South Western (ill. 6s. 10eL paid) London and Croydon London and York, 2% paid 3% Manchester and Leeds (70 paid) Ditto, Half Shares, 30 paid Midland (100 paid) ......... ....... . .......... North British, 5 paid Northern and Eastern (45 paid) Ditto Scrip (2.5 paid) 35 North Kent, 2% paid 2% Pot tsmouth Direct, 1 paid O% Richmond and West EnciPunction, Ipaid l% York and North Midland (50 paid) — Ditto Scarboro' Branch, 10 paid Ditto Extension Boulogne and Amiens, 2 paid ................._ Orleans and Bourdeaux, I paid ..... Paris and Rouen. 20 paid .... ....... BANKRUPTCY.—(THIS DAY.) (Before Mr. Commissioner HOLROYD.) IN RE JAMES GIBBS. The Court was crowded during the morning by per sons anxious to hear the further revelations likely to be made in this extraordinary case, which it may be re membered by our readers, was, after the last examina tion, adjourned sine die. The present proceedings arose out of an order by the Chief Judge of the Court of Re view that the matter should be referred back to the Court of Bankruptcy for re-examination by the Hon. Commissioner. Mr. Edwin James appeared for the assignees and for a creditor named Thompson, Mr. Montagu Chambers attended far the bankrupt, and Mr. Bagley for Mrs. An drews, another of the creditors. Mr. EDWIN JAMES, having briefly recapitulated the leading facts which led to the adjournment of the bank rupt's examination, with fixing a day for his passing, and having read the order from the Court of Review, added that it would that day be the duty of the assignees to examine fully into the correctness of the bankrupt's accounts. Ire had indeed filed a sheet which was par ticularly intricate, and as he (Mr. James) was instructed, anything but satiefactory. The transactions therein stated extended over a period ranging from 1823 to 1843, the date of the fiat. The debts amounted to some 121,0001.; the liabilities to 80,0001 more, making, in all, about 200,0001.' But there were some of the transae dens so singularly striking, so very extraordinary, that, on first sight, they might be deemed altogether impro bable. The bankrupt had been what is termed a scrivener; he raised money for parties upon annuities or otherwise ; his transactions had been of a must extended character, and yet all the books pro duced by him to that - Court were only two in number—a cash-book and a ledger. The ledger, how ever, was itself no voucher, but a mere echo of the cash book. Was the bare fact not a startling one, that a man supposed to carry on cash operations to an amount above a million of money, could do so with only one cash-book. He asked if it were possible to do so . ? That cash-book was also grossly inaccurate in its details, anti dated only from 1835, for some book which had existed before that period had been destroyed. They were not told why, but he (Mr. James) could, perhaps, assign a reason. At that time a bill had been filed against the bankrupt by Lord Glammis, and when called upon to produce the book it was discovered that it had been destroyed. That was certainly a remarkable coincidence if nothing more. lie (Mr. James) would now draw his Elonour's attention to some of the features in the case. The bankrupt's profits appeared to have been about 5,000/ a year, and yet, when he came to that Court, there was one sum of 90,0001 charged for discounts and commission. They had not had one voucher for even 5/. of that amount. Not one voucher from the man who had 5,0001 a year, and mho yet charged 90,0001. in his beet for discount and com mission. It was preposterous. But that sum of 90,0001, large as it was—had to be increased by 15,0001, which he had charged against another, when he himself, and he only, was personally liable for it. The Learned Counsel then entered into a detail of the bankrupt's transactions with Lord Kensington—transactions running over a term of years, and involving accounts upon bills and annuities—the considerable sums realised, with scarcely an ex ception, having been appropriated by the bankrupt to his own purposes. The discount then upon the amount so appropriated by the bankrupt being 15,000/., would, if added to the 90,0001. unaccounted for, make 105,0001. T:iere were other transactions of a similar kind with Major-General Wyndham. The bankrupt, on the 11th November, 1842, a time when he was notoriously embarrassed, had written a letter to that gentleman, stating that he had an excellent opportunity of investing 'money to considerable advantage, and he persuaded General Wyndham to entrust him with bills to the amount of 18,000/. These he discounted for his own use at 40 or 40 per cent., and he had now got, of course, to account for the money. He also gut General Wyndham to ad vance him 10,000/., in two notes of 5,0001. each, under pretence of lending them -to a man named Youde, at a large rate of interest ; but that amount also he retained in his own hand. Such was but a specimen of the manner in which his business was trans acted. His transactions in bills were very large indeed, but though he had a book of bills payable he had exhibited none of bills receivable. That there had been such a book was perfectly clear, for it would have been impossible to carry on such a business without it. The profits accruing from bills of costs amounted in one year to 23,000/, yet the drafts of those bills had been also destroyed. Mr. W. C. Wright, accountant for the assignees, was then called, and verified the statements advanced by the Learned Counsel. Mr. CHAMBERS said, that in obedience to the order of the Chief Judge in the Court of Review, the bankrupt bed attended that day before the lion. Commissioner to be examined touching the accuracy of his balance-sheet, and he (Mr. Chambers) protested against the unusual course adopted by Mr. James, of making, in fact, an ac countant, however talented or however respectable, usurp the functions of the Learned Commissioner, and adjudge the case by the evidence he advanced on the occasion. He submitted that the Learned Commissioner could only found his judgment upon the examination of the bank rupt himself, and not on the opinion advanced by the accountant. Mr. JAMES replied to the objection, which was ulti mately overruled by the Hon. Commissioner. The bankrupt was then placed in the witness-box, and examined by Mr. JAMES.—He had no vouchers for any part of the 90,0001. Ire never had a book of bills re ceivable. The date of bills due could be ascertained by the cash-book. The dates in that book were not always correct, but he could not explain why they should not be so. In some cases " lumping sums" were set down to certain accounts, which might balance them exactly. He did not put them down, nor did he intend that they should be so balanced. His intention was to pay General Wyndham's bills when they became due. He had not done so. They were all dishonoured. After some further examination the matter was ad journed for two months, in order that the bankrupt might furnish vouchers, where that could be done, or give the names of the parties to whom the amounts had been given, and the dates at which those payments were made. THE LATE RAILWAY ACCIDENT. NOTTINGHAM, DEC. 3. The adjourned inquest on Mr. William Varnalls was again resumed this morning, and at two o'clock the Coroner commenced summing up, which was con cluded at twenty minutes past three o'clock, and the jury entered upon a deliberation, and were so engaged when this report left. t e h o e ns iurnmigio7. SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. exposege e r a 1 FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF THIS DAI. GLOBE.—We have frequently had occasion to h . h e ig b h oun d t uti t e h s e on off a e r r tic t l o es the smuggler ; the temptation to emba Y rk in y eillicitthe .trans actions which they present to the trader; they inflict on the fair dealer ; and thre;l injury they occasion to the revenue ; have been often osa alluded to, as combining to form an array of evidence a course which is , no less subversive of morality than against th it is mischievous to the commercial, trading, y and an fiscal interests of the country. In an article on this subject which appeared is our columns a few days since, we alluded to the great expense at which the several descriptions of force for the pre vention and detection of smuggling are kept up; and remarked that this large item of expense would be greatly diminished were the duties on such articles materially decreased. It is not, therefore, from the fact, that in the case of tobacco, and some other articles, the quantity smuggled into the country amounts to , nearly a moiety of the entire quantity consumed, that the extent of loss to the revenue is to be calculated. A considerable proportion of the expense at which the de tective and preventive force is kept up, must be added to this positive loss. When these two items are added together, and the discouragement which such restric tive duties inflict on commerce are also taken into the account, who can suppress surprise that a system so fraught with folly should have found advocates ? A Parliamentary paper, issued on Saturday last, sup plies evidence on this branch of the subject which will enforce the necessity of revising the Import Du ties, with a view to their diminution. The folly of 1344. LAW INTELLIGENCE. COURT OF .EXGREQUER, Dec. 3. Before the LORD CHIEF BARON and a Special Jury.) REVENUE FRAUDS.-THE. ATTORNEY GENERAL V. BRYANT. In this case the information was filed at the instance of the Attorney-General, to recover from the defendant, a paper-manufacturer at Weston Mills, near Bristol, certain penalties alleged to have been incurred by the evasion of the Excise duty. The SOLICITOR-GENERAL said that the facts on which this information was founded were nearly identical with those which were submitted to the consideration of the jury yesterday in the case of the Attorney-General v.Westcott, and notwithstanding the result of that inquiry, he felt bound to proceed against the defendant for the full amount of the penalties incurred. In this case they had to deal with the fraudulent paper maker himself and not with the party who received it when it had not paid the duty. It would be proved that the defendant had been frequently seen at WeAtcott's with a spring cart, although he was not now in possession of such a vehicle ; that he had been in a darkened back kitchen in Westcott's house while parties were cutting up paper ; and, further, that a considerable quantity o! paper which was received from the defendant's mills was sent by railway to London, without having paid the duty. There was also this additional and striking circumstance: Mr. Bryant had employed about seven or eight hands at his mill ,• the duty which he paid annually was about 3411. ; and the amount of duty showed a quantity of work which was quite in sufficient to support so large an establishment. This was proved by the fact that the duty paid by the defendant increased immediately after the seizure. In the first six weeks (or" round," as it was termed) after the seizure, the duty amounted, with out any apparent increase of business, to 1131., more than double the previous average ; in the second round it was 1131., and in the third, 1301. Under all the circumstances he anticipated a verdict for the full amount of the pe nalties. Several witnesses were then called fur the prosecution. Mr. CHAMBERS addressed the jury for the defendant. The substance of the defence was, that defendant making his paper by machinery, and drying it between steam rollers, that alluded to by the witness, Maria Allen, could not have come from him, for it was damp ; nor could that describ,.d by Mr. Mullett, for it was hand made. The SOLICITOR-GENERAL having replied, His LORDSHIP summed up, and The jury retired for forty minutes, after which they returned, at a quarter to six o'clock, with a verdict for the Crown on the lit, 3d, and 7th counts, in 35 reams ; fur the defendant on the 2d and 4th ; and for the Crown on the Sth, in one day and one ream. ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE. NORTHERN CIRCUIT.- -York, Dec. 2. -Jeremiah Swallow and Michael Noon were indicted for unlawfully having in their possession a die, made of plaster of Paris, for the purpose of coining sixpences. The jury returned a verdict of Guilty against both the prisoners. ills LORDSHIP, in passing sentence, said he thought the facts of the ease justified a difference ie the amount of punishment Swallow was apparently the most active party, and the one by whom the manufacture was carried on. On Noon, whose share in the transaction was rather a connivance than otherwise, the punishment would not be so severe ; but sufficiently - so to warn persons in such occupations as that of the prisoner that they could not connive at such transactions on their premises, without rendering themselves amenable to the law. Swallow to be transported for 15 years ; Noon to be imprisoned for 12 calendar months. Two persons. of the names of Phillips and M'Lean, were indicted for unlawfully having in their possession a die for coining shillings. Mr. Hall and Mr. Hill conducted the prosecution. The prisoners were not defended by counsel. The principal witness was a person .of the name of Elliott, a die sinker, in the employment of a firm in Sheffield. He stated that, in the month of July last, the prisoners came to him at his house, and after some conversation they introduced the subject of dies for coining. Phillips said he wished to procure articles of that kind for coining shillings and half-crowns. The witness told him that those were dangerous things to meddle with, and that there would he a great risk to run. Phillips said there would be no danger, and that 3PLean, who had come over from Ire land, and was working as a printer, would manage it. The witness said he could not undertake it, and Phillips then asked if he could refer them to any die sinker who could do the job. The witness replied there were many who could do it, but they would not. He inquired who had recommended the prisoners to him, and they said it was a person in Snow- lane,Sheffield, that M'Lean would take the dies away as soon as they were completed, that he would pour some plaster of Paris over them, and then imbed them in a block of lead, in which they would be taken to Ireland. Mr. Elliott finally said he would con hider of it until the next day, and on the prisoners leaving, he communicated what had taken place to his father, and the next morning to one of his employers. The next day Phillips came again, and asked if witness had made up his mind. lie replied that he had, but must know who were the parties by whom they had been referred to him, and must have an advance of money. Phillips objected, and said he had been taken in -by a fellow in Dublin about some copper dies before. Witness said it would cost nearly 2/. to procure the blank dies and letter punches fur a shilling die. Phillips said ho would pro cure the blanks and punches .himself, and would give 121. for the two pair of dies. The witness said he must have 101. for the half-crowns, and 51. for the shilling dies. Phillips said that he could make a metal, the weight and jingle of which would be so much like gold, it could not be detected without aquafortis ; that the man who was with him could make German silver which could scarcely be distinguished from real silver, and that it was their intention to make their coin of this material, plated with real silver. Witness said he thought with so hard a metal it would be hardly possible to strike up the impres sion. Phillips said that they. had arranged to get a powerful press at Drogheda for that purpose. On the 3d of August witness got the blanks from Phillips, and Is. as a pattern. The letter punches, Phillips said he had got at Mr. Osborne's, in Snow-lane. He had pre tended that be wanted them for a medal of O'Connell, to be sent to Ireland. The inscription on one side was to be " One gift we seek." On the other " Our voices will resound for repeal through the length of the land." The Rhrases included all the letters necessary for a ls. die. During the month of July, witness had received several sums of 10s. in part payment, and had made for Phillips a turning scale for half-a-crown, from which he said he was going to have blank dies made. Saw Phil lips many times before the dies were completed. When they were nearly ready, Phillips called to see an impres sion. He asked witness whether he would have any objec tion to meet him (Phillips) and his man with clay impres sions from the dies. Witness declined, and Phillips then said he would:call. with his man, to see them, and would then pay the money and take them away. He after wards called with M`Lean. M`Lean sat down at the table, and asked for an eye-glass to look at them. He said they were very good on the whole ; but there was a scratch on the nose which he wished should be removed. He said they were a few shillings short. Mr. M'Lean pulled out his purse, and said he had got 31., and would send the remainder as soon as he got to Ireland. The witness said he could not agree to that, but if they would bring 41. he would have them ready to be taken away. Phillips stated that there was a large company engaged in the business, one of whom was a captain of a ship, and that it was intended to circulate the coin in America ; and that they should want a dozen one shilling dies and cioisn half-crown dies, and that they would be able to keep witiies; fully employed. The next time they called they did not bring the money, but stated they would have to write to Ireland for me more. M`Lean said he did not like to have the dies long,:riP• his possession th an h e could help, and that he would 10:.." h them away on th e Manchester. Wednesday following, at ten o ,doc_l=, so as to ge t away by the eleven o'clock coach to Manchester. They came again on the Monday to get wit:2. 4 ss to make them another turning scale for half-a-crow . ."'s and said they would be able to let him know on the Wednesday evening whether they could fetch the dies on the Thursday. Did not see them till the Friday. That was the 28th of November. M'Lean called witness out of the house, and said they would be prepared to take the dies away by nine o'clock the following morning, and would pay besides 12s. towards the letter punches for a new half crown. They came on the Saturday morning, and asked for the dies. Witness said they were up-stairs. He went up to fetch them, and drew the window-blind half-way up as a signal to the police, who were on the watch, that the prisoners were there. He came down stairs again, re ceived the money, and delivered the dies, which were wrapped in a cloth, and taken away by Phillips. Wit ness then ran up stairs and pulled the blind up the whole way as a signal they had got the dies. The police, who were watching in the back room of as ad joining public-house, then came up•and took the parties into custody. Verdict—Guilty. Phillips to'be transported for fifteen years, and M'Lean for twenty-one years. Joseph Scott was indicted for a burglary in the house of Joseph Brownrigg, the Palace Inn, at Leeds. Verdict—Guilty. To be transported for fifteen years. One or two other cases were disposed of during the day, of no public interest. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. UNION-HALL. STEALING WATCHES AT THE SURREY THEATBEI Two well dressed young f e ll ows , name d Johnson a n Macarthy, suspected to belong to the " swell mob, w Bre placed at the bar before Mr.Traill, charged with stealing two watches from the persons of Mr. Thomas I'Vm. tam and Mr. James Cheaffers, in the pit of the Sarre! Theatre. The first gentleman stated that h e w a s in the pi .r of the Surrey Theatre on Monday. About nine o'clock L e , was standing near the boxes, when he f e lt a tug at 1 11 ' watch, and heard the guard-chaia snap. He 4 1 ' 14 ; diately missed his watch. The prisoner Macartby ic s standing near him at the time, but when he discover : Ba his loss he missed him. About eleven o' c l oc k be was av formed that two men were in custody for robbing I l gentleman of his watch. He identified Macarthy as tlle man who stood near him. A watch was found on th prisoner, which belonged to him. Mr. James Cheaffers stated that he was also in the,.P 3 e of the above theatre on Mond a y ; w hil e s t an ding 14 these back of the pit, about eleven o'clock, he was ol io crowded by several parties, who he b e li eve d belongeu_ L A the " svjell mob:" He then f.-lt a snatch a t his watch, s ; immediately missed it. The prison ers , w ho had Kr' near him at the time, were walking out of the,thestre' when he pursued them and gave them into custody. Selwood, the officer belonging to the theatre. aPP re ' hentled the prisoners; he found a watch on MacarthP which was identified by Mr. Battam. The latter P ry , goner said that the watch belonged to him, he Wi ll ,: purchased it in Rag Fair on the previous day, for t b guineas. In answer to the charge, Johnson said that be ffil d unacquainted with Macarthy, and h a d no k no wledge the robberies. Macarthy said that h e pi c k e d the 0„:b 1 ; 4 up in the pit, and not bein g a bl e t o find an owner bet).- it in his own pocket. He denied saying that be P ar. chased it in Rag Fair. ,f Mr. TRAILL inquired whethe r th ere was a ny I' l 4 B that the prisoners were concern e d i n th e ro bb e ry ?-":". officer replied in the negative. . 1 Mr. TRAILL said he should commit Macarthy for Viper and remand Johnson until Monday IT xt, to give thee . - an opportunity of making it luiries resrecting him. - EST IMPORTANT TO THE SHIPPING INTER --~T , O THE RIVER PARAMA OPENED TO VESS-' UNDER THE BUENOS AYREAN FLAG. A D Office of Committee of Privy C o un c il for Try' Whitehall, Dec. 3, 1844. Sir,—l am directed by the Lords of the Committees, Privy Council for Trade to acquaint you, for 06 . A ° formation of the merchants tr a di ng t o B uenos .AY7, that her Majesty's Government have received inforised Lion that the Government of Buenos Ayres has nr°, o the River Parama to vessels under the Buenos AY r ", flag, upon security being given against their touching any place in the Province of Corrientes I am, Sir, your obedient servant. (Signed) J. MAC GREGO% W. Dobson, Esq., Secretary, Lloyd's. SMUGGLING,-On Saturday a Parliamentary retlo:3 was issued, moved for by Mr. Hume, affording 5 g'io• deal of information of th e severa l esta bl is h men ts t o ' e j -rr tained for the prevention of smteseling in the ur l be Kingdom, in each of the years of 1842 and 184 3 . ol d sum of 344,136/. 13s. 1 ld, was p a id f or wage! c i f salaries of persons employed for the preveneon lie smuggling in 1842, and 347,809/. Is. 4d. in 1843. ' e d, expense of the equipments o f th e p ersons so et:014001 and for repairs, was, in 1842, 168.6081. 4s. 10 04 se in 1843, 164,358/. • 14s. H. The amount o f,, se produce of goods seized and s o ld w as , in 1 84 ;51. the Customs 2,2011. 19s. 7d., an d b y t h e E xc ise n o Is. 6d. ; and in 1843, th e p ro d uce was b y the Cust°oo 7,636/. Ils. ld., and by the Excise 520 L 12s. ad. so f rewards paid to persons empl o y e d f or t h e preventisli b e smuggling were, in 1842, 6,817/. 3s. 10d., and in the ilis s lowing year, 11,281/. 15s. 9d. I n 18 42, 11,0 48 gi l d is of spirits and 19,6671b5. of tobacco were seized, sa e , 1843, 10,676 gallons of spirit s , an d 62,8881b 5. o f tobes t se The proceeds not being sufficient to pay the reward s 'pe difference was taken from the Consolidated Customs' e re expenses of prosecutions by t h e E xc i se i n 1842 The 5,6571. 14s. 3d., and in 1843, 8,760/. 9s. 2d. t ry produce of fines and sei zures b y t h e same aers-iii ment was in 1842, 27,003/. 6 s . 1 I d ., an d in 1,41 36,8391. 19s. The share p a id t o E xc i se o ffi cers in, 'tile was 11,2561. 10s. 10d., and i n 1843, 1 5,034 / . e s , 40 4 „ 51 1 amount remaining to the Crow n was i n 1842, M y e r 4s. 4d., and in 1843, 15,157/. 10s. 6d. The othe,, r e ise penses of establishments b e l ong i ng to the I ' 4 ' 3 ts amounted in 1842 to 5,760/. 12 s . 3d., an d in IS' i s e 8.757/. 16s. Bd.; Sand with respect t o th e coas t ser / cruizers, and revenue police, th e ex p enses are cons idee ipa able. The revenue police of the Excise in 1842 0040 in wages and victualling, 33,216/. 18 s . ld . ; f o r ss'::fitt and allowances, 1,640/. ; in v esse l s , 989/ . 7 s. 7d.; nee horses and barracks, 1.029/. 18s. 2d. ; and in 1 843 4ge1s police cost in the various d e p ar t men t s ment i one d 35, 0 1,640/., 1,760/.195., a,nd 1,2331. Os. 10d. The h e branch of the return relates to the Customs, a n three others to the Excise. the .lionseßaces.-From the evidence taken befor e se Select Committee of the Hous e o f L or d s appo i n ted t ° ; s e quire into the laws respecting gaming (and whic h l ip dence is just printed), the foll ow i ng extracts are T or e with respect to the popul ar ity, expenses, & c ., of rbso; racing. Mr. C. Weatherby, the keeper of the match' s , st to the jockey-club, states that this public anins' r s e er has increased very much of late wars, and that " 1 °,5 , sums have been given by th e pu bli c, not race -h ors e ° o ers, during the la s t y ear th an in former years. " get cc' estimates the amount so subscribed by others than te e s horse owners as at least 34.0001., given by gentle lor , for plates and w add money to stakes in the last This includes the amount contributed by gentlemen t '' l se ing no race.horses, wh o su b scr ib e to sta k es to supPorg,e, amusement ; but does not incl u d e th e Queen's Pia' el of which thirty-six of 100 guineas each sfr , annually given-thus making th e w h o l e amount (fib ie Weatherby beliew d) 3.600 guineas, 1,050/. of whtC de paid from the privy purse. The witness then cont hic li that it is evident that hor s e rac i ng i s an amusement t is all classes, from th e lab our i ng c l ass u p to t h e bighe'oje the country. enjoy. With respect to betting, the p re p individual stated before the Committee that an inv% s e deal of it takes place a t th e races ; an d t h at, at the sent moment, it is under s t o od by some t h at a man o a bet for above 10/. on a ho rse race su bj ects himself to o e' qui tam action ; but, ac c o r d ing t o hi s opinion, tyl°4 horse owners might st a k e 10,000/. upon a horse, ar.ol liable to no penalty, if they paid the money down. °b o ss Mr. Weatherby states that "the laws at the presea i t bel ment with respect to betting protect the rogue more whs, they do the honest man ; and they enable any sna n si ses does not choose to p a y, t o re f use to pay. " H e her sOJ that if the statutes respecting betting were repealen w u dr the whole subject l e ft t o the common law, it woo l crease betting. th e HEROISM.-The following act of heroism ° II sce part of a female has just been brought under the 0° of the Committee of the Royal Humane Society' g is short time since, as Miss Sarah Wilkinson, g oveen e o ge the family of the Rev. L. C. B oot h, o f B urshea d fl o e Twickenham-common, acconspinied by Miss E t ter Collinson, a visitor at Mr. B oot h' s, were sitting O f the of Mr. Booth's childr en , rea di ng on t h e b an ks ° the powder-mill river, which is a very rapid streas%obs4 youngest of the children, about six years of age, ° A i ' s od' unseen on a tree which grew over the river, a ll "eiefi r l denly fell in. Miss Collinson, on seeing the ec el s sils hurried round the stem of the tree, and seeing th e r jable, struggling in the water, was so unnerved as tobe ' l o es to assist it ; but Miss Wilkinson immediately , 1 10 t into the stream, without a moment's hesitation, at $ s ss where the depth of the water was to her unknown, es te, with great difficulty, from the ra pidit y o f the s h tl :4o' and the water being four or fi ve f eet d eep, caught - 0 of the child's foot, and continu e d t o h o ld i t f ast for to De three minutes, until Miss Collinson came to her ad' ante, when y great exertions the child was re s r yep Another moment's delay on the part of Miss W' • s s I t in jumping in would ha ve b een f a t a l to t h e c hild' would have been floated by the rapidity of the stre - a thick hedge on the b a nk, w hi c h it wou ld have beqoots possible for Miss Wilki nson t o h ave p asse d. Mises Ad fainted instantly on being tak en out o f t h e wate'' es fs' , w.: 4 afterwards confined to her b e d w ith high fe l de jfsr th re e weeks. Miss Wilkinson has been recommen tit tb s the Royal Society's honorary silver medallion next generals . _.... - BIRTHS. 010* On the 20th ult., at iZome, the lady of Charles - 0 Esq., of a daughter. . On the 29th ult., at Meeklenburgh-square, the W if , Lus, Esq., of a daughter. SO ° O h n the 2d inst., at Wellington-terrace, St. Joh n's- Mrs. Marchant, of a daughter. .f e of A' On the 2d inst., at Greenharn Ledge, Berks, the 1 / 1 J. Croft, Esq., of a daughter. i , . 1 , P On the 2d inst., at College-terrace, Islington, A l ' Adams, of a daug te lr. On the 2d inst., at Slades-place, Deptford, KO A . ' IvlliP Sandom, of a daughter T . ti cit'' On the 3d inst., in avistock-square, Mrs. Jayne s 11 nett, of a daughter. (iv o f Dl' On the 3d inst. iu Old Burlington- street, the la . .., J. IL E. Stubbs, of a son. __.---- ---------- i MARRIED. I °° t ! On the 30th ult. at St. Paul's, Liverpool, Willistewe v• Esq., of Threadneedle-street, to Mary, relict of th e of Jones, Esq., A.M., Trinity College, Dublin. I FA' On the 30th ult., at Brighton, Nathan Lowen th., jett Brighton, to Sarah, second daughter of the late J. "- Esq., of the Exchequer. DIED. On the 25th ult., Mr. William Williams, aged „acre 56 A On the 25th ult., Charles Mann, Esq., of Cloudeelki ... Islington, aged 66. a 0 ll• z ieP On the 27th ult., John Brooks, Esq., of Siteplef Manchester. ..1 el3 l l • Bath, William .i.. On thd 27th ult., at Sydney-place, Hough, Esq., aged 66. f galhe fP On the 28th ult., Martha, wife of David Price, °cobalt° On the 28th ult., at the Green Park, Bath, kirli" Harrison, aged 94. f the Ijscira. On the 29th ult., Captain Thomas Wallace, o Army, ar l i rioo On the 29th ult., at Combe Raleigh , De°°/3' Louisa, wife of the Rev. Charles Edward Rand. --v W et ' On the 29th ult., at Bath, the Hon. Itobert Otw'y 0 ALP., of Stanford Hall, Leicestershire. , To ng Clifi6 On the 29th ult., George Durant, Esq., 0 ' the county of Salop. n ...1,..iane• CAP' Oa the 30th ult., John Crichton, Esq., of"' „- of nonstreet, aged 82. . the °Pe On the Ist inst., at Teddington, Mary An Rear-Admiral Collard. On the let inst., at Elm Lodge, Denmark -hill, 55: Samuel Sloper, Esq. _ A ti.,01.... On the let inst., Mr. John Heath, of ShePbe' , Sieb °l ' t May-fair, wine-merchant. g rY Gre 6 On the Ist inst , in Beaumont-street, Mrs. -_ ..,,a , of On the 2d inst.. , Mr. Benjamin Baldry Far"' ' ---' 4 Tower-street, aged 70. r. __.-.....---- - . ---- „,-,ai -- - - • ' -----777-7:--- ..„ - ,,n0 YO . , l )'' i'l% Lon4on ; ?tinted and fablished by Luum' - oti ,, , . 0 ' U. 4.,, .! , To. 112, Strand, Printer, at TM itaix. the '0: 1.1 Strand, in the Precinct of the Seß9f , wi liiddlelex , Wednesday, December 4,104 L' briz i %it, The U. T he Ri Rig 1 ; 0 , 11 . (7:::1 ll 't ka n i 1111 44 tart. 1.04,0 11 1101 1 4 ,; ;,. , l'itt hie' 1 mut t "net c P The i t ,AIL' VON; &coley, Fc te e .........; ti t f th. ok k , tl i t Itt t, gi t 'kt et' \V 6 h h 1,,: iti, 4.41