The Sun. — London, England, 1844-01-15 00:00:00

acf eit re, LLOylys SHIPPING.—(THIS DAY.) dLONDo N, JAN. 1 5.--Wind N.N.E., and cloudy. iAstaG.4.-rE, JAN. 14.—Arrd. J ose phi ne , B r for Itte, wit It starboard quarter stove in, having e :b. Sid.i been in At44ltavt rith a F renc h b arque off 1) ungo es •L atoin ett , 3 : , Texas. The Anna Cecilia, Thomas, of Al from. Hamburgh to Buenos Ayres, struck on the ii;? °4 win 'Sr.nds yesterday, but was got off and brought -1. 1 . 1 1 1 1 Mar F,ate Roads. ‘ ,/,,.. — t x:ki„, JAN. 14.—Wind E.N.E., moderate ; fre Shepherdess,_ . Batavia ; Pathfinder, I a tlt t,„ • 'Curlew, Algoa Bay , Conservative, St. He- Noa - ' kzeorge, Charleston; Brothers, New York; Terra Fog N esirfoundland • Conservative, Jamaica ; Danske East :I n di es ; Wallace, Adler, and Sir Charles C 3. NenlV York. - "is.'n'TON JAN. I4.—Arrd. Pacha, steamer, r. Jesl 44lo lrTir JAN. 14. —Wind, N.E —Arrd. her Ma- S :v ,.. s hiri. Resistance, Cork ; Jessie, ' Ritchie, Haven .(llBl.l,;',„(3l)el, Newfoundland ; H.M.S. Larne, Sheerness ; h'oe --ls 6 ,•,.." 3 ; ‘ ) t•ausier, Texel for Africa, towed in, having dismasted on the 10th instant, between the lift z ,„" lg ht and Cherbourg. tlata''ollD JAN 13 —Arrd. Esther, Shedding, Cal f ." • • vqr larprpool, left St. Nov. 24. Helena, for China, 4 til ° y. E R , JAN. 14.—Arrd. Elizabeth, London 4 I 1:11"Ta JAN. 14.—Wind, N.E. fresh breez o e..— s `;eillohue,stune F rance, Havre for St. Thomas.. O e ff, Louis, s °l ' 4 4 ;,' - 7th mos Ayres for Antwerp; f a a ro a l n in n London c a ; Fortuna, Hamburgh for v T-0t,,, JAN. 13.—S1d. -Leader, Trinidad. 14, Ca -o'pe ° 0 ago. 17 4 rle l :?, CM, JAN. 14.—Wind, N.E. light.—Arrd. i 44 0 Ilaranham ; Apollo, Scudder, Sa lYtte,-; ; RUernia steamer ; Judkins, Beston,l ft Ist Sydinetry Bombay ; Firefly andeGran ,lt?:l)4l)4arirrtits • ; Penelope, Now w io ; Delaware, France, Orleans ; Margaret . it4,N°l),,lttldt°4:k'Qui:3engiVil ; St. George and Remus, ,rk• • "il iiir l o n n i dell o e, Maracaibo ; Chaire W exit. "; oh; ton Charleston ; James Caskie, 0 0 % 44 :4 •v P EN, JAN 12.—S1d. Brazil, packet., Antigua. gay' AN. 12 Arrtl. Eliza Ann, Bell, and 1 i!m , r tlee , St• Domingo. — A brig apparently English, °ails 1l re 0 . 11 Atwood's Quay, on the 16th ult., with : 4 tet. • Ong, and apparently down at t stern. 41 4 ) 1) , 8 .. JAN. 14.—The Hercules, Wood, from . Aber },tl th I' 4 s port in making the harbour last night, got rep;` lt t i ld Sand, and drove over on the beach, where T 1 •8 ; crew saved. t i N 4 , 11 % JAN. 13.—The Thomas and James Brown, 4- f k L Y t at Shields, lying at the Middle Wharf here, *tern p ost , an d sun k , b ut has been got afloat, 104,-;to az giug part of cargo. 1, 11 ES•s, JAN. s.—The Theodore. part %I‘,Ro4„,`li which put in leaky, must discharge of A) l i 1 ; 41 •is - f red is damaged. JAN e . a 14 . . , —The William, from Hull to k t he e , has been assisted in here leaky, having been vt rt Sand, and must discharge. 11 13.—The Viscount Downe, Hart, from e , a11 1. r• to London, struck on H a i s b ro S an d , 10t h sunk; crew saved. :LIN, JA N . B.—The Active, Dishon, which d hl 4th inst has put back to that "t ()c in a " damage, h Iv . 13 (1 :Y l th loss of bowsprit, and other av 1C,c441,4'‘,,,11 Contact with the Sally, of Gailistown. t 1; 7-.4I4)NALDsnAv, JAN. 10 —The Anna, Jost, from E li has been assisted into Widewell Bay, p st 4, ,• k• 4 1. 40 „'"e., during a gale at S. yesterday. 1 11. t A 2 :I ,:PY, JAN. 13.—The Waterw;tch, Clark,. from 11444:1,""ach arrived here 7th inst., after striking on tkr 44 * Rocks, has been surveyed, and is discharging \'QH.R°' t,' vAN. 13.—Arrd. Harvest, Haskell, New A` °l 4 - 5..' 21 -- 11 , experienced very bad weather. A, '" "R, JAN. 13.—Wind N., and 14th, E.N.E.— ttth 41°11 Storey, St. John's, New Brunswick, * 1' .44 0 ,, i1 1.44 11 , loss o o re f boats. y'. Sailed, Hendrick Hudson,. ' 4 O Majesty's steamer Penelope, on a cruize; ' 11,1141i,1,,„ Cork. Off, E Scotsman, Jamaica. 10 ‘‘ )t ss%;',. °14311 1, JAN. 13.—Sd. Jeune variste , St. tttt 1.0,11°13.01X, JAN. 14.—The broadside of a vessel of t e , l - " l t ons has been brought in here, the deck is re "ntitt; 41ave conic on shore at Suzewell Gap, and a is I.k h ,„" °1 wreck at Thorpness. o t4 '4 ° Y , JAN. 1 3.—A small fishing smack belong ‘' say rit4 shY was lost on the Sbipwash yesterday— . h e a c s l b Part of the hull of a small vessel, with other th, evil brought in here to-day. q b• ti Y, 9 .—Sld. Trust, Barbadoes. 10th. 4' 4 40 J aneiro 4erda 11111, JAN. I2.—A b arque got i n the P eg h t l e () tith Y, but w ard, s ucceeded in ge t t i ng c l ear, an d procee d e d ,Nq k ' 4 4 I N, 9.—Arrd. Shannon, Vintry for London, ho b aYs. I s ot h 4 7 rt' t j t,„ l4 . 11.--Arrd. Horn, London for Vera Cruz. 15ta •a. ' ,lon; JAN. 11.—Gertrude, Brouershaven, lk o, p H,lTill POItELAND, JAN. 11.—Henriette and P i nurgh for St. Thomas ; Egmond and Noord k‘itp Liansterdam for Surinam. tthttlll4,?.olotint, JAN. 12.—Johanna, Hamburgh for Nko ste i," . To BevEßLEr.—' An application will be blitite-ms. Selby, or 4411 a„gairie session of the u l ei B4 t s e , d under the auspices of the Companies for an Act to 4 kilv faY from Hull to Buvuricy.llullAtivertiser. MORE ir AND COMMERCIAL NEWS CITY, QUARTER 7'O THREE. In the Cotten market eft Liverpool, on Saturday, the sales were 10,000 bales, of which speculators took 6,000 bales, and prices in some instances advanced d. per lb. The improvement, however, was not general. A fair amount of business was done in Shares, and the market Was firmer :—Edinburgh and Glasgow were 571 ; Great Western, Fifths,lBi- ; Brighton, 43i ; Manchester and Birtningham, 381 ; North Midland, 91 ; Paris and Orleans, 33 ; Paris and Lyons, 21 16s. 6d. ; Paris and Rouen, 321 ; South Eastern, 36 ; and ditto, New, 364. The private advices from the United States and Canada are not of very great interest. We find that in Canada the pros- Peet of the formation of a new Cabinet by Sir Charles Met calfe was expected soon to be accomplished, as the more re 119eetable p or ti on o f t h e i n h a bi tants were rea d y to support bins iii the administration of his Government. And indeed most of the gentry, merchants, and others, in Kingston, had addressed his Excellency, approving of his Government. In his reply, Sir C. Metcalfe said, " I prize those sentiments of loyalty to our gracious Sovereign, and attachment to the mother country, which you evince, and which form the only sure basis on which the welfare of this colony, as an integral Portion of the British Empire, can be firmly established. On .such feelings, I place my reliance for success in my resolution to devote myself to the service of this province, and in my endeavours to promote the prosperity and happiness of every class of its inhabitants." The season has set in, the thermometer being down to Zero. There had been some good sleighing. • The session of the Colonial Legislature had been abruptly te rminated, and we learn that the Governor-General had shown something like temper in the proceeding. The United States advices do not possess any importance, and it is not necessary to refer to them here, as in another co- Nino of The Sun further details are given. An improvement has taken place in the public securities this Morning. Consols for Money opened at 964, and they are bow at 97, rather buyers. The purchases of the Com toissioners to-day, amounted to 20,0001. Consols at 97 , principally, we hear, f or th e S av i ngs ' B an k s . If 41 9 investment were made for the redemption of debt, it was tot announced. Money has become rather more in request, Lod a few sales of Exchequer Bills have taken place, but the Premium has not been reduced below 655. India Bonds touched 2 15 . early in the day, but they are now 795. premium. In the h e fty Stocks but 1674,slight variations have occurred. Bank Stock a tadvanced to and India Stock to 273. For Portuguese Converted Stock a• considerable demand has ?revelled this morning, and an improvement has taken place r ots 444 to 454. We have not heard of any news of im portance from Lisbon, to account for this rise. Spanish Stock Eremains very nearly the sa me as on S a t ur d a y, the Five per gots. at 224 to %. and th e Th ree p er C en t s . a t 31 an d 314. t'ltch Stock is firm. Venezuelan Two per Cent. Bonds have e en sold at 364 ; M ex i can a t 324 an d 4 ; C o l om bi an , ex , e nezuelan, at 11, and Chilian at par. In the Railyay Share Market we have to notice an improve ment in the Great Western to 33 premium ; in the London and Birmingham (New Quarter Sh ares ) t o 264 p:em i um ; an d th e r N orthern and Eastern have as well as several other shares, fallen back a little. The Colonial Bank Shares have receded te 14} discount. B RITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK. (From the Official List.) Bank Stock 3 per Cent. Reduced Annuities 9 7444 3 Per Cent. Consols. Annuities 9 per Cent. Reduced Annuities Aew 34 p er C ent. A nnu i t i es lO2 1014 • Long Annuities, Expire sth Jan. 1860 India Stock 273 India Bonds, 1,000 Ditto under 1,000 Bank Stock for Account Consols for Opening Exchequer Bills, lid. lid. 1000/. 6001. Ditto Small p °REIGN FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK. Chilian Bonds, 6 per Cent ... ..... ...... 100 Columbian Bonds Alexican Bonds 1837, 5 per Cent... .... .. 32i4 Ditto Deferred Stock ... 94 10 Portugue se Bonds, 5 per Cent Ditto Converted Spanish Bonds, Five per Cent. . 2244 Ditto for the Account Ditto Passive Bonds - 544 Ditto Deferred 124 Pitt() Three per Cent. ...... 314 31 "Jute's 24 per Cent 544 „Ditto for the Acc oun t ... 544 D itch 5 per Cent. P RICES OF SHARES THIS DAY AT ONE. Et k A ILWAYS. Paid. Per Share. p . .... t el and Exeter ..... ..- 7O ..... 644 to -1,11 Counties (42 00 Scri p Bf. 6s. Bd. ...... 124 "" it West ........° ... 75 lOB 1 1do ern t obj _ 4 and Brighton ...... 50 ' l ° o and Birming ham 100 — ...... to toDitto 4Sh ming 2 t e n :loo and South Western ... 41% ... .. 744 to 75 71 11"" and Croydon ( Trunk)... 131 1544 ... to -Theater and L ee d s N ' 44 4 Shares t rtls ern and Eas tern eitto 4 Shares ic,th.. Midland .. 124 l5 ...... to ..Aoo - - ‘7,t i 1 Eastern and Dover 5O - N k 'Atte s • t c ilia... ......... ... Ny_ttoosith and Norwich ... 13 .7.;" London, Old Shares 1-4.0 First Class Preferred .. 10 totoniarteT STOCK BANKS. 25 MA bi. karLe CIIESTER :STOCK EXCHANGE, JAN. 13.—0 n o ut : t evinces rather more firmness to-day, without 381 o in prices. M a n c h es t er an d Bi rm i ng h am, 374 to (11414..; Edinburgh and Gl asgow , 564 t o 574 ; Di tto, EA. t ftr I, 144 to 4 ; M anc h es t er an d L ee d s Q uarters, E. l - t I ; Paris a n d L yons, 24 to 3 ; B olton and Preston, ' ° i ; Manchester and Liverpool District Bank, 9/. MARKET NEWS.—(THIS DAY.) CORN EXCHANGE.—MONDAY. Last week the arrivals of English wheat up to our market were on a very moderate scale ; but thoSe of barley from all parts, were unusally large—those of home grown alone amounting to over 12,000 quarters. Of malt, beans, peas, and of flour, the supplies were scanty. Fresh up from Essex, Kent, and Suffolk, the supplies of wheat were very small, . and, comparatively speaking, somewhat out of condition, arising from the lately prevailing damp weather. The quantity on show not being equal to the wants of the dealers, who were in good attendance, the demand for all descriptions of both red and white was active, at an improvement in the currencies obtained on this day se'nnight of I s per quarter, and a clearance of the Essex and Kent stands was soon effected : hence very little was left over for Wednesday. There was an increased number of samples of Foreign Wheat on show, yet the business doing in that article was tolerably extensive, and, in some instances, the quotations had an upward tendency, but not-sufficiently so to warrant us in making any alteration in our prices. A few speculative purchases were made in wheat under lock, at full currencies. In consequence of the extreme large supply of t arley offering, the demand was much checked ; indeed, it must be culled heavy, at an abate in ent I a last week's prices of Is per quarter, and very little progress was made in effective sales. Although the quantity of malt brought forward was small, the in quiry for it was inactive, at rates barely equal to those obtained on Monday last. The show of Oat samples was large, and the dealers were by no means anxious buyers. Prices, however, were about stationary. Beans were very dull, and some of the factors gave way in their demands by 1 s per quarter. In peas very little was doing. The Flour trade was steady at late figures. CURRENCY PER IMPERIAL MEASURE. NrikAr—Essex & Kent, (MALT —Chevalier......... 638 to red 434 to 60s OATS—Yorkshire and Ditto, u bite Norfolk and Lin Potatoe coin, red 42s to 45s Youghab and Cork, Ditto white .....« 44s to 50s "' bl,ck ' l7B to 18s Irish, red 47s to 50s Cork, white Ditto, white RYE—Old ....... 21,4 to 33s BRANS Tick 3os to 36s New 36s to 38s Pees— Grey 3ss to 38s BARLEY—Grinding 258 to 29s Maple Malting Ws fs 36s White 30s to 35. Chevalier 32s to 358 Boilers 32, to 38s I MALT—Suftblk and Nur- FLOUR—Town made 4ss to 50s folk s6s to 62t Suflo k 34s to 382 .......... 50s to 51s Stockton & Norfolk 34s to a a Kingston and Ware 56s to 62s FOREIGN GRAIN AND FLOUR IN BOND. Wmur—Daritzic Hamburgh 36s to 40s P.ss • 23s to 27s BARLEY Oars—New Feed l4s to 16s SMITHFIELD. Although our market exhibited rather an extensive supply of Beasts as to numbers, a very great deficiency as to quality was observed in it, especially as relates to that portion of it derived from our northern grazing dis tricts. The attendance of. buyers was tolerably numerous, and notwithstanding the weather was favourable to slaughtering, the Beef trade was inactive. However, the primest Scots, Devons, runts, and Herefords, found buyers, at prices about equal to those obtained on this day se'nnight, the highest quotation ruling at 4s 2d per Blbs, but the value of all other kinds had a downward tendency; still a fair clearance was effected previously to the conclusion of business. From Lincolnshire, Leices tershire, and Northamptonshire, we received about 2,300 short horns ; from Yorkshire—principally by railway-120 beasts ; from the Western and Midland counties, 200 Hunts, Herefords, Durhams, Irish beasts, &c. ; from other parts of England 190 of various kinds; from Scotland, by a steamer, 120 horned and polled Scots ; and from Ireland 50 beasts. A considerable in crease was apparent in the supply of Sheep, and which produced some heaviness in the trade, and the rates in consequence suffered an abatement of 2d per 81bs ; the value of the best old Downs, which were rather more numerous than of late, not exceeding 4s 4d per 81bs. In Calves, the number of which was scanty, only a moderate business was transacted, yet the currencies were firmly supported. For Pigs we have to report a firm demand, at prices fully equal to those of last week. We are glad to be enabled to observe that very few cases of the prevailing epidemic were observed in either beasts or sheep to-day. Since our last no imports of live stock have taken place from abroad, neither are any expected for this market. The state of the demand to-day com pletely disappointed the expectations of the salesmen and others ; but the cause of the depression must be principally attributed to the immense arrivals of coun try-killed meat up to Newgate and Leadenhall-markets ; and so long as they continue so extensive, so long will the trade here rule heavy. a. d. to a. d.l s. d. toe. d. Inferior Beasts ...... .... 3 0 3 2. Inferior 5heep......... 3 it 3 4 hecond,qudity ditto... 3 4 3 6: Second quality ditto— 3 6 3 8 Prime large 0xen...... 3 8 3 10. Coarse-woolled ditto.. 310 4 0 Prime Scots. &c. 4 0 4 2' Southdown Wetliers 4 2 4 4 Large coarse Calves... 3 6 4 61 Large Hogs. 3 0 3 6 Prime small ditto 4' 8 4 10, Small Porkers ..... 3 8 4 4 Suckling Calves, each 2U 0 30 01 1 ,2uarter old Pigs, anti 18 0 24 U SUPPLY AT Maßritr. P,easts. Sheep. Calves. Pi" I I 2,952 I 29,060 G 9 289 rzzvrmazz AND LEADENHALL. - A very large arrival of slaughterad meat having taken place since this day se'nnnight, together with the supply of that killed in the metropolis being large for the time of year, the general demand in these markets has ruled excessively dull. However, in some few in stances, the quotations of the primest Beef and Mutton have been supported, but those of the middling and infe rior kinds, as well as of Veal and Pork, have suffered an abatement of quite 2d. per Bibs. At per stone, by the Carcase. s. d. toe d.; s. 4 to s. d Beef, inferior 2 4 2 6 Mutton, inferior ...... 2 8 3 0 -- middling ...... 2 6 2 8; middling 3 2 310 -- prime large 210 3 0 prime , 4 0 44, -- prime small ...... 3 2 3 6, Pork, large 2lO 3 8 V.a1..... ...—....—........ 3 2 4 4) —small 3 4 4 4 ARRIVALS DURING THE PAST WEEK. Scotland Beasts. Sheep. 9o Calves. Pica 24 0 800 Y o rks h ire Norfolk Suffolk l3 1 50 280 Cambridgeshire Essex 25 100 100 400 Surrey 7O 300 230 500 Devonshire Wiltshire Other parts Total 265 2,979 Previous week's arrival l4O 2,840 76i 9,690 760 3,00 Difference since our last... 125 139 8 640 BOROUGH AND SPITALFIELDS. About 2,850 tons of potatoes have arrived in the Pool since this day se'nnight mostly from Scotland, Yorkshire, and the Channel Islands. Prime qualities are in request at full prices ; but in other kinds exceedingly little is doing. BOROUGH _ HOP MAIMET. We have now a much smaller quantity of hops on offer than has been the case at many previous corres ponding periods of the year. This, together with most of the large brewers being short of stock, causes the demand to rule active, and the prices to have an upward tendency. The quotations of new hops are as under : Weald of Kent pockets, 612 s to 6/ 14s ; Mid Kent ditto, 6112 s to 91 lOs ; East Kent, 61 15s to 9/ ; ditto choice, 101 to 11l lls ; Sussex, 6/ to Cl lOs ; Farnham's, 8/ 15s to 11115 s ; Mid Kent bags, 6115 s to 8/10s. England and Ireland. Abolition of -the corn-laws is not perhaps the commercial avatar which some esteem it; but as matters now are, abolition would doubtless prove of the utmost importance to Great Britain and the world. Providence dictates, reason suggests, the unshackled interchange of every production of men's hands, of' every growth of the soil. I need not dilate on the rival establishments too often the result of British gold and influence, or the singular anomaly in America of the trees of the forest giving way, not to fields of corn, but mules and spinning-jennies, the fruits of our restrictions; I would merely advert to the fact, that in Ireland there are hosts of idle, im poverished individuals, to whom free trade would prove the signal for occupation and competence. Our linen manufacture would be revived, our almost un productive fisheries encouraged, and our ports would become emporiums for all nations. The vast increase of occupation in England, whose workshops would ring again with the varied processes of her multiplied industry, would create an incessant demand for Ireland's sons, then sure to receive a hearty well paid welcome. Pat might then rear his cabin by the pleasant shores and green-bill slopes of his native country ; then might he have land and the means of paying for it too; while dark-eyed girls and curly headed boys, no more to perish in aguish America abroad, or of want-created disease at home, would gladden his heart ! Let the holder of the soil have a longer, say a twenty-years' lease, with security for specific outlay and improvements, and let the landlord realise those admirable agricultural improvements for which Ire land is so well adapted, and for which the tenant would 'so gladly pay. With drainage, sub-soil ploughing, alternate grain and green crops, change of seed, turnip culture, and to a certain extent spad e labour, incalculable advantages would be realised by the tenantry and community at large. The landlord might, with great propriety, lay down a mode of cul ture mainly founded on the Scotch system, and see that it was carried into effect. At present, the country is not half tilled; it is just as if so much land or produce were cast into the sea. Irrespective of defective culture, vast tracts are wholly unre claimed ; rich slopes subsist to the south and west, which no plough disturbs, and into which no spade delves; while mountains that might be planted to the summit, are with few exceptions, bare and barren. The proprietors, I submit, should 'be compelled to plant these mountains, to reclaim those wastes. Un like Mr. Blacker or Lord Headley's agent, agents in general, have neithei the power nor the means to insure the proper culture of the soil. Let the land lords, then, go home and do it. Who, and what are they to absent themselves from the country of their birth, at any rate the community, to which by all the ties of property and humanity they belong ? Either a heavy absentee tax should be levied, or the rents, with narrow restrictions, handed over to the actual resilient owner of the soil. Thus peace and plenty, contentment and capital, would spread over the land, and propitious Astrrea be seen again to smile. The anxiety on the part of the labouring classes in this country to obtain a little ground is very great, and has been turned to rich account in the way of high rents, renewal fines, fines for abating rent, and the like. Does any one propose to leave his holding, eager competitors are willing to bestow what should seem the value of the ground ; but this, which is termed buying land, only confers the privilege of paying rents, fines, tithes, taxes, cess, as may be. In my opinion, it should be optional with the tenant to purchase, at least in part, the fee of the soil. That this is feasible may be seen from the example of the Channel islands, where poverty and wretchedness are unseen. In some cases the landlord in Guernsey and Jersey retains a lien on the soil, which is acknowledged by a proportionate yearly payment, to the mutual advantage of the joint own ers. An industrious proprietary has banished mendi cancy from France. I should consider the general introduction of such an arrangement, such as that which subsists in the Channel islands, as great an advance in civilization as the abolition of serfage itself. The slave must be supported, whether lie work or remain at rest, whereas the Irish labourer, in one sense the slave of many masters, starves in the intervals of employment Thanks to the home consumption and to John Bull's Eitduring appetite, to the union, and to steam, the poor Irish trader often brings his produce to a good market. Fair weather or foul, he crosses the channel with as little hesitation as if it were the next parish, and disposes of his live and dead stock to the highest bidder. Many, considering their station in life, thus realise a fair independence. This, therefore, would enable such to purchase their holdings, and further facilities might be afforded by means of loans. As at present conducted, loans, what with bonds, deeds, searches, interests, and foreclosures, too often prove ruinous to the borrower. If a legis lative enactment enabled holders of land to purchase so as to become part proprietors, is it too much to expect that capitalists, well satisfied with their 4 or 5 per cent., would come forward with the requi site amount ? For what can he more anomalous than a -condition of society that compels a hard-wrought race of men to borrow money on usurious terms, while the despairing capitalist is obliged to retain vast sums in his coffers, for which he can realise no ade quate return ? In Prussia, Poland, and Belgium the Governments respectively have established a fund for the express relief o f borrow any sum not exceeding of their unencumbered pro perty ; for this 6 per cent. p er annum —in the Du c hy half landholders,tie value who may of Posen it is less --4 per cent. for interest, and two for cancelling the debt, is paid during eight-and twenty years, at the expiry of which period the debt, both principal and interest, without costs, fresh loan,'or ruinous foreclosure, is extinguished. These loans are duly registered, the lender holding in return scrip or notes (Pfandbrief), which pass from hand to hand as money. Sustained by the credit of a whole community on the imperishable basis of the soil, they are even preferred to gold ; circulation does not re duce their value, and, still more unlike gold, they are earning their four per cent. while in the chest of the holder. As two per cent. is yearly poured into the treasury of the fund, the owners of the pawn briefs, when a certain sum has accumulated, are paid off by lot in succession, the debtors of course continu ing to hand in their six per cent. per annum, to the end of the eight-and-twenty years. Is there any reason why this system of loans should not obtain currency, or indeed why the scrip of our national stock should not circulate as current cash ? How prodigious the impetus which every species of indus try would experience by the circulation of an inde structible paper money equivalent in amount to our Present mortgage bonds. It can only, I should conceive, prove a question of time. Prussia, under Frederick 11., devastated by the seven years' war, owed her social regeneration to the pawn-brief sys tem. Poland—not to speak of Belgium—was almost equally benefited. Even at the taking of Warsaw, I as during all the previous unhappy struggles, the pawn-briefs, which John Czynski states could at any time be exchanged for gold, never once lost their value Emigration to other, as yet unpeopled, portions of God's earth, seems a natural resort when population presses on the means of subsistence; but the love of home and kindred, with the cost and risk of transit, are weighty impediments. The first might be overcom . e by numerous individuals starting from the samedis trict and settling in the same locality ; the expense, as regards the poorer classes, I really think ought to be defrayed by Government. Emigrants are often so unaware of the soil and climate of the place of their election ; so deficient in resources ; so ignorant of the best means of proceeding, as to suffer miserably in the attempt. They venture in unseaworthy ves sels; perchance their provisions run short; the place is unhealthy, or the demand for their labour nil. Multitudes of the poorer Irish perish in different parts of the United States—eigh thundred, I believe, annually, in New Orleans—of the effects of climate alone ; while many are condem ne d t o in occupation and all - its consequent wretched ness. I am surprised at the apathy with which this great empire sees its life-blood, as the hardy labouring population may well be termed, squandered in a region, and amid a people in some respects so inimical as those of the United States. There are tracts in the Canadas, the uplands of British Guiana, the Cape, the western shores of America, New Zealand, and Australia, where the people and the institutions of Great Britain and Ire land might wax and thrive for ever more. A few of our unemployed ships of war might at a moderate expense be made the means of throwing a tide of population on the places I have named, to the great advantage of the emigrants, and incredible relief of those they left behind. Much has been done of late years to promote edu dation among the Irish poor, but I do not think sufficient attention is paid to impart a mastery over the mother tongue, and thus to lay open the endl ess appliances for mental cultivation, which this singl e acquirement would realise. Education, too, has be come sectarian ; and children of different persuasions, who should learn and p l a y with each other, without a thought of such matters, are imbued with exclu siveness from, the cradle. National seminaries might be better organi se d, an d teachers of a higher grade, interchang e d t oo w i t h those of Engla n d an d Scotland, employ e d. A p i ece of ground w h ere agr i cu ltural and horti cu l tura l pro cesses might be taught on a limited, y e t e ff ect i ve scale, should be attached to every school. The various handicrafts as regards the boys, with occupa tions suitable to females, should be attended to within doors. Numbers of poor children, lam sorry to say, keep away from school because destitute of food and clothes ; is it chimerical to suggest, does not huma nity dictate that this drawback should be overcome ? As regards more advanced culture, there should be one or more schools, gymnasia, or colleges, for every hundred thousand of the population. I would have them endowed by Government, and thrown open to the public ; while they should afford the THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EN ENI NG, JANUARY 15, 1844. most varied instruction that it was possible - to impart. Our_ _clergy, as a whole, are • by far the best educated portion of the com munity ; but if teachers, however able or esti mable, were taken from their ranks, persons of different persuasions would hesitate to place their children under their care. It would, indeed, be in • finitely desirable that the children of the gentry, the mercantile classes, and those intended for professions, should be brought up at the same institutions ; any other procedure must be productive of exclusion, narrow, one-sided views, and distorted, _ abortive conception of men and things. The Catholics, in my opinion, make a great mistake, in conducting the preliminary education of so influential a body as their clergy, in a theological seminary; and in further debarring them from the advantage once enjoyed of a partial residence abroad. Finally, I must regret that public opinion does not yet appear to sanction establishments for imparting a hither grade of educa. tion to females than what seminaries for the young car reasonably be expected to afford. That estimable individual M. Theobald Mathew with others, has effected a most beneficial revolutioi in lessening the uncalculating addiction to in toxicating drinks. The advantages yielded by tin Mathewite reform, I may be permitted to observe, would be considerably enhanced by a reduction in the duties on tea and coffee, for which civilising bever• ages the Irish working classes have already a great addiction. I would'further attach great importance, in the way of improving the social condition of our labouring poor, and generally consolidating the union, to a more perfect intercourse between the countries. There ought to be a daily steam-boat communication between Glasgow and Londonderry-, Belfast and Liverpool, Bristol and Waterford, as between Dublin and one or two points there already is. The charge perhaps is low enough; but the ac • commodation for humble wayfarers is infamously de ficient. In the old sailing packets straw and a refuge in the hold were always available; but at present even during the coldest weather, exposed. to wind, rain and drifting surge, men, with women anddelicate children, divide the crowded decks with swine and cattle, destitute of the accommodation which decency, not to say comfort, enjoins. I would have no Irish Parliament, whether inde pendent or federal, since I fear they would only prove the source of strife and disunion, an arena for secta rian disputes, clashing interests, trashy harangues, and petty ambitions. American federalism hardly in vites imitation. We had a Parliament once, and those who composed it, Irish - as they were, sold their inhe ritance. Who is to say that successors equally un principled might not repeat the sale ? The shame, as on all who make a trade of their country's wrongs, lay more in the selling than in the buying—out upon the wretches and their memory for ever! Would that the union, however desirable, had been accom plished by honester means ; an honest end neither needs nor sanctions a dishonest re. sort. I would maintain the Union indeed, but on the principle of equal justice; I would maintain it, but not to be cast in the shade, to be treated with scorn and obloquy, neglect and poverty. Let not the iron heel of despotism be planted in the faces of the widow, the fatherless, the miserable. Do not further alienate the energetic, the enlightened, and the de termined of the Irish ; do not push beyond endurance the sufferings of the poor. The rattling cutlass of the heavy dragoon, the clanking musket of the red coated soldier—horse, foot, artillery, are poor and passing expedients to allay starvation and despair. We may be trampled on, but we still would have strength left to drag our oppressors into the mire. Yet rancour towards Ireland is not so potent, nor the love of order and justice so extinct, as to suffer the continuance of ineffaceable wrong : bright and con fident are my hopes in the well-doing of generous. England as in the progress of our race. If not a local Parliament however, elective grand juries, or other similar local elective jurisdictions, in ,order to transact local business, and watch over local interests, should assuredly be established. Bills for particular purposes before the Imperial Legislature might well he discussed in Standing Committees ; an 'institution that we might borrow with every advan tage from the Congress of the United States. In other respects, the unnecessary and expensive jar is. diction of the Lord-Lieutenant being abolished, I would urge, with all my heart and soul, that the Im perial Court and Parliament should sit triennially in Dublin, of course, triennially in London and Edin burgh. It is quite absurd to say that the members:of an itinerating Parliament, as it has been termed,coul4 not as readily meet in Dublin as in London. Never will there be happiness, never perfect peace or pros perity in Ireland, till this vital measure be accom plished. If Mr. O'Connell, with his powerful talents, his unwearying energies, had agitated for this in place of the dislocating expedient of repeal, he would have had the hearty concurrence of myriads who otherwise never will join with him. Suitable accommodations were easily, and how cheerfully provided ; we have a palace and houses of parliament already constructed, with means of communicating with London in a few hours. Absentees, one and all, would flock without coercion homeward; we should be further visited by multitudes of our Eng lish and Scottish neighhours ; and more would be done in a single year by this simple and constitutional measure, which I aui well assured must one day be carried, to conciliate the Irish, appease the differences, unite the countries, and introduce order and pros perity, than during long years of previous abortive legislation. These remarks now close. Without a wish to give offence to any party, they have been dictated by an earnest desire to promote the prosperity of my native land, and to secure in reality, as well as name, a tho rough community with England ; that we might in all things be one with a country which in many re spects, as I trust she will one day prove in all, IS the hope of surrounding nations, the bulwark of the op pressed, and the glory of the world.—l am, &c. HENRY M'CORMAC, M.D. Belfast, January, 1844. THF, NOTTINGHAM TRADE- CHINA LAC E. The state of the most exteia ve branch of the hosiery .manufacture—wrought otton stockings— has very little varied for some tie t past, the frames, with the exception of those a I eve forty gunge, being in general fully employ( d. The cut-up cotton hose branch continues brisk, and as most of the firms are coming gradually in to give the penny advance, the hands have some hopes that another rise in wages may be obtained.—The drawer and pantaloon branch, we are sorry, to report, is worse this week than it was the last, the masters coming from the warehouses with empty bags. An abridgment of the labour in some cases has been adopted by the workmen being directed to widen up the thighs of the drawers by taking the thread round the needle, instead of removing the troops, in the usual manner. These articles are not Ike the drop-offs; they are perfectly sound, hut the selvages are raw and unsightly. The hands complain that too much is deducted from their wages for this abridgment of labour.— The silk glove branch is in a better condition. The articles generally made are cut-up, and of the most inferior kind, but still the increased demand is felt most beneficially. A new fashion is coining into vogue, of making long -armed mits. These are made from the shoulder to the hand on wide frames ; they are then run on narrow frames, to ornament the hands. The fancy bobbin-net trade is dull, more es pecially the plat and other ornamented laces. Yet there are few or no machines standing, the nets being in general consumed. The plat -net machines keep going, though the sale prices are extremely low. Lace has been for some years much cheaper than muslin, and will wear longer, being made of hand spun two-thread yarn, of the best quality. Muslins are made of single yarn, the shoot- being very slightly twisted. We have been favoured with the sight of a very singular production, namely, cushion bobbin lace made in China. This article was obtained by a British soldier,wlr) was a lace-maker, at the time the armament advanced up the great river, to obstruct the grand canal, and to attack Nankin. It was near this place that the soldier saw the women at work, and conceiving it to be a great curiosity, he took out his knife, and without ceremony, cut off a yard, which he brought to England. The ground is that of a mechlin, a sort of Brussels,, being plaited at the close, and twisted on the other sid es o f th e hole. It is coarse, having only about four holes to the inch—a scallop pattern is worked into it, by shoot ing the threads cross-wise, near three quarters of an inch. It has large prominent spots, in which the hole is closed with no less than fifteen bouts round the pillars. To the naked eye it has the appearance of being made of yellow Bengal silk, in the gum, but no sooner is the microscope applied, than this vanishes, and it has all the resem blance of being a vegetable substance, as though com posed of a sort of fine basket twig. Several experi ments have been made, to ascertain its real quality. Upon being boiled, it produced a thick, foetid, glu tinous substance, and the material had all the ap pearance of twisted cotton, though nut the least twist can be observed in the thread when in the gum. At a distance it has somewhat of a shining appearance, as though it were a metallic substance. This is considered rather important to this district, as it demonstrates that the Chinese wear and use lace, and that such articles will be in request in that extensive empire, which is said to contain a third of the human race.—There is no material alteration in the cotton warp lace trade, the hands being fully em ployed.—The silk blond hands are, howevcr, confined to certain limits, nor does there appe a r much prospect at present of a renovation taking place in that branch. —Nottingham Review. The Great League Fund already exceeds 60,0001., and the metropolis bss yet to begin its subscription. next fixed deem, COURT CIRCULAR. The Quf en and Prince Albert, and the ladies and gentlemen of the Royal suite, attended Divine service yesterday at Claremont. The Venerable Archdeacon Wilberfi wee officiated. Archdeacon Wilberforce arrived at Claremont on Saturday, on a visit to the Queen, and had the honour of lining with her Majesty. Her Majesty and Prince Albert ',promenaded in the ,rounds of Claremont Park on Saturday afternoon. In the torenoon his Royal Highness Prince Albert, attended by Sir Edward Bowater,• Equerry in Waiting, Lord Rivers, Hon. C. A. Murray, and Mr. G. E. Anson, went out shooting. The Royal party returned to Claremont to lunch. We have authority to state that her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent has withdrawn her name as Pa troness of the Royal l3elgrave Lying-in Institution. The Governor of the Bank of England, and the Deputy governor, had an interview with Sir Robert Peel on ittturde The Commissioners of the Model Prison at Pentonville rind a meeting on Saturday, at the Council-office, Whitehall. The Commissioners present were the Lord President, the Duke of Richmond, Earl of Chichester, Lord John Russell, Sir Benjamin Brodie, Dr. Ferguson, Major Jebb, Mr. W. Crawford, and Mr. Whitworth Russell. The meeting broke up at three o ' c l oc k. Sir R. ]' eel and Sir J. Graham had an interview with 'he Earl of Aberdeen on Saturday, at the Foreign-office. Dispatches from Sir Charles Metcalfe, Governor of 'armada, and from the Governors of the other North Ape ieuri Colonies, were received yesterday at the Colonial- Mr. Driver had an interview with Sir Robert Peel on Saturday, at his official residence in Downing -street. M. Dean, Chairman of the Customs, had an interview on Saturday with the Chancellor of the Exchequer, in Dow ring -street. _ _ Dispatches from the Governor of Van Diemen's Land were received on Saturday at the Colonial-office. IRISH STATE TRIALS. COURT OF QUEENS BENCH, DUBLIN FRIDAY, FIVE O'CLOCK. At an early hour in the morning the Attorney and Solicitor- General, Mr. Brewster, and all the rest of the Counsel engaged for the Crown, appeared in Court. Mr. Moore, Q.C., Mr. Henn, Mr. Pigott, M.P., aad the other Counsel for the traversers, were also present. At a quarter past ten o'clock Mr. Justice Perrin sat for the disposal of motions of course. At eleven the full Court sat, and proceeded to deliver judgment in the case of" the Queen v. Samuel Grey." Mr. Justice PERRIN recapitulated the facts of the case. He gave it as his opinion that a venire de novo should be issued, and the motion on the part of the prisoner in arrest of judgun.nt should be granted. Mr. Justice Crampton, Mr. Justice Burton, and the Chief Justice, were of the contrary opinion, namely, that the motion should be refused. The CHIEF JUSTICE then passed sentence upon Grey. His Lordship said, that he had been convicted of discharging a loaded pistol, or some other deadly weapon, at, and wounding James Cunningham, but whether with intent to kill him or not was probably only known to the Divit;e Searcher of the human heart. The Court, taking the enormity of the offence intd consideration, had unani mously come to the conclusion that the sentence should be a heavy one—transportation for life. Sentence was then passed in the usual terms. Mr. NAPIER said, that as it was his intention to sue ,nit a writ sf error, it was necessary that this sentenc3 should be respited, to enable him to do so. The CHIEF JUSTICE replied that this should be done. At twenty minutes to four o'clock, the Chief Justice :ailed upon the Attorney-General to know whether or not he had anything to move. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL replied that he understood two motions were to be made by the Counsel for the tra versers, in the case of the Queen v. O'Connell. Mr. MOORE, Q.C., rose and moved that the special jury in this case be quashed, and that a mandamus be issued, directed to the Recorder of the city of Dublin, calling upon him to replace on the special jury list the names of certain parties excluded therefrom. And, fur ther, that until this be done the trial of this cause be postponed, and that the special jury to try the same be taken from such amended list. The motion was grounded upon the affidavits of Mr. Pierce Mahony and others. Counsel proceeded to call the attention of the Court to the Act under which the jury list was formed, namely, the 3d and 4th Wm. IV.. c. 94. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL opposed the motion, which, after some remarks from the Bench, was refused. Saturday, Jan. 13. THE QUEEN V. DANIEL O'CONNELL AND OTHERS. ATTORNEY-GENERAL moved, en the part of the Crown, for an order that in the event of the trial in this case not having terminated on or before the 31st instant, , iat Thursday, the Ist of February, and every day until term, or as many as shall be necessary, shall be by the Court for the purpose of said trial, and be ,ed and taken to be part of the present Hilary Term. Ae could not say the precise time that would be neces sary for the trtal, but he thought it well to have the order made. lle applied under the Ist and 2d William IV , suction 3, by u hich it was provided, that if any trial at bar shall be directed by any of the said Courts, it shall be competent for any of the Judges of said Courts to appoint any day for the trial thereof ; and that if such day shall be in vacation, it shall be deemed and taken to be part of said preceding term. He apprehended there could be no difficulty with regard to the propriety of making this order ; and he thought it would not he right to make an application pending the trials for such an order, and he deemed it to be the most proper course to have the order made before the trial. What order would be entered upon the record, and thus the proceedings which it might be necessary to take in vacation would be perfectly regular and legal. If there was any difficulty in making the order, of coarse the Court would take it at their peril. The CHIEF JusTircE—ls there any occasion for mak ing an order at all ? The ATTORNEY-GENERAL referred his Lordship again to the provision of the Act of Parliament. The CHIEF JUSTIcE—When the Court directs a trial at bar to take place, and fixes a day for it, does not the Act make the provision that, in such case, the vacation shall by virtue of tire statute be part of the term ? The ATTORNEY-GENERAL—But it is the safest course to have the order made that the vacation shall be part of the preceding term, and I apprehend there can be no difficulty in making the order. It will, on the contrary, prevent any difficulty that might be suggested hereafter, for if the order were not made and entered on the record, it might be said that the proceedings should not be con tinued in the vacation. JudgeCRAMPTON—At present there is no order for any trial in the vacation. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL said that, in consequence of some allegations over which they had no control, with regard to the time the trials would extend to, he thought, even though the construction of the Act be what the Chief Justice said, that this order should be made in the terms of the notice. In point of fact, if it were contemplated when the original order was made that the trials should continue so long, it might be made part of the original order. But lest any difficulty should arise hereafter, they applied for this order, and when that order was entered on the record all the proceedings would be perfectly regular. Judge PERRIN—Cannot you make thi4 application at any other time. I have an objection to make an order to this extent, for you anticipate that the trial will continue for three months, and it would be a formidable precedent to make such an order. I cannot see why the trial should not be closed within the term, but if necessary you can make this application at any other time. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL—The Court, by the Act, is to fix a day. Judge PERRIN—But I have great difficulty in con • seating to appoint a month or months. What I mean, Mr. Attorney, is this :--Here we have fifteen days of term before us, and we will better see our way in the course of that time than at present, and I have a great objection to make an order of this kind unnecessarily. '1 he ATTORNEY•GENEEAL said the course they pro posed to take was desirable, as it was necessary that there should be no opportunity hereafter of suggesting any irregularity. Judge PERRIN—But that order will be as good any day in term as to-day. It is not an order to fix the day of trial, but to extend the time, and you have the same facility of moving it any day during term if it should be necessary as at present, and you would then have much better grounds for applying to the Court than you have in calling upon us now to anticipate that a trial by jury would exceed fifteen days, and there are yet fifteen sit ting days in term. Judge CRAMPTON—If that anticipation were likely to add a single hour to the trials I would object to make the order. But I cannot see how making the order now can affi ct the trial except to abridge it. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL—If there be any point be hind which may affect the regularity of the proceedings, that may be a ground for delay. When I speak of the vacation I have not the slightest anticipation that the trial will occupy all that tune. But if we fixed a parti cular day within which the trial should only last, it will hold out a bonus to extend it beyond that time. Judge PERRIN—You call upon us to make an order which contemplates the trial lasting until the first day of next term, and that, I think, would be really holding out a facility for prolonging it. If gentlemen found that a certain time was given they would consume a great deal less time than if three months were given. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL—With great respect to your Lordship, I cannot concur in that view. Judge CRAMPTON said the application might be made on the last day of term as well as that day. But he would like to give every facility to make it ; and argu ments might arise on the last day which would create embarrassment ; and as it might give rise to discussion, time might be lost in making it. The ATTORNEY. GENERAL said they thought it would be more convenient to the Court, and more proper for them to make the application before the trial com menced, and not delay the proceedings by a discussion of this kind during the trial. The Court might say, if they had postponed this application, why not make the application before the trial commenced. lie thought it probable that the circumstance of this order being made would lead to the trial being concluded within this term, and he thought if the order were not made it ould not be concluded. The CHIEF J usricE--We understand that no opposi tion is muds to your application by the traverser. he ATTORNEY-GENERAL—PVC understand no. Mr. MONAGHAN —The traversers don't appear on thiS motion. The CHIEF JUSTICE-1 am not including you at all. 01 course, as there is no opposition made to the motion, the Court—however they may think it might be unne cessary, and it is my own opinion —conceive it will do no fibrin, and the majority of the Court are for granting the motion according to the terms of it. I don't think my brother Perrin agrees with (ho order of the Court. Judge l'Enturi—l apprehend great difficult in it, and WOOL Ma.p.HET: About 1,200 packages of wool have arrived in the port of London in the past week, chiefly from our colonies. No public sales have been yet declared, still the demand by private contract is steady, and prices in some instances have an upward tendency. TALLOW. There is no new feature in this market worth notice; the delivery in the past week having been small, a further decline has taken place in prices. Town Tallow is rather more sought after, and the price is firm, at 41s 6d to 42s net cash. HER MAJESTY.—The loyal interest attached to our Queen, whether reigning in her Court, or meeting her Parliament, or travelling among her people, or seeking the solace of such domestic privacy as Royalty may taste, will be increased if we hint that it is more than probable these domestic ties will be multiplied. If we are not misinformed, and we are pretty certain we are not, the family circle next year at Claremont will be more nume rous.—Coiirt Journal. AFFRAY WITH POACHERS AT WORSBOROUGH.— Very early on Sunday morning, some shots were heard in a small fir wood adjoining to Worsborough Ball, the residence of W. B. Martin, Esq. That gentleman and his servants, with the gainekeeper,,were aroused and made towards the spot ; but previous to the whole force collecting, two of the watchers came in collision with a gang of poachers, and were severely handled by them : their guns were broke ,• a fine dog that seized one of the poachers was shot ; _and one of the watchers, named no- billion, was wounded, having received several heavy blows, which inflicted a dreadful gash on his head. Be fore Mr. Martin and his servants arrived, the poachers had made their escape into an adjoining wool—Leeds Mercury. CRIME IN WORCESTERSHIRE....—From the com mencement of the year 1843 up to the present time, a period of but twelve mouths, there have been not less than 700 prisoners whose names appeared for trial on the calendars of Worcester county assizes and sessions ! Of these 700 pritioners only 4 had received a superior education, and but 29 could read and write well ; while 396 could read and write imperfectly, and no less than 241 had been totally denied both these invaluable privi leges. Concerning the attainments of the remaining 30 we have no means of knouing.— Worcester Journal. STATE OF TRADE.—The demand continues fair for the time of the year, but the new prices of cottons and yarns are not yet realised by the manufacturer. Wools still indicate a tendency to advance, and yarns, we are informed, are rather higher. The workmen are fully employed, although we understand to a great ex tent on speculation for the opening of the spring trade in March or April.—Leicestershire Mercury. Lady Disbrowe, accompanied by a splendid suite, arrived in London early yesterday by the General Steam Navigation Company's Mail-Packet Ocean, Capt. John Stranock, from Rotterdam, after a fine passage. The Duke of Bordeaux, accompanied by a brilliant suite, left London on Saturday morning by tho General Steam Navigation Company's Steam Ship, Earl ofLiver pool, Capt. H. Lomez, for Ostend. ISLE OF WIGIIT.—IMPORTATION OF M.P.s.—On Tuesday last, 54 young vagabonds, the officourings of the county, were received at Parkhurst prison from the Millbank Penitentiary ; they were all marked with the initials M.P.—Hampshire Independent. We have been informed that Major Eldred Pot tinger, C. 8., the heroic defender of Herat, is the bearer of the additional treaty from China, by which Sir llenry Pottiuger has so wisely secured our future intercourse with China, from the intrigues and cabals of a host of Ambassadors and Envoy s from European States, an d the " Repudiated States. " —Naval and Military Gazette. THE RETORT RISIBLE. — When Judge Peters was Speaker in the House of Assembly, one of the Members in crossing the floor, tripped on the carpet, and fell down. The House burst into laughter, while the judge, with the utmost gravity, cried, " Order, order, gentlemen; a Mem ber is on the floor." STATE OF IRELAND. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR,—PolitiCi are a means to an end, or they are nothing. Repeal may be carried or fall to the ground, but *hat is to become of the Irish.people ? Irish man as I am, I have no desire to sever our commu nity with England. If, strictly speaking, we are not one in race, we are as nearly so as the different por tions of the British and Irish communities themselves; our language is the same, and our interests are iden tical. With England and her progress, are associated the best interests of mankind ; no, I would not eat into her resources, or paralyse her arm, but join AN ith with her in realising her best interests and our own. I am against repeal, because I esteem it impracti cable, and, if practicable, undesirable. Did I sup pose that Ireland should linger on in perennial misery ; (lid I suppose that the injustice of the past should be the inheritance of the future, I should become a re pealer with the best of them; I should resort to every fair and equitable means to extort by force that which should be conceded as a right. But I entertain no such conviction. I am intimately persuaded that justice —yes, justice in full—shall be conceded to Ireland, I am opposed to repeal, because I esteem it a move in a false direction, ill-calculated to insure re dress of the grievances under which we labour. Ilow will the repeal rent, were it swollen to hundreds, in place of tens of thousands, carry it ? Will England— would any empire—consent to a virtual di/member ment ? Were the Irish people united, could they realise repeal in face of English opposition ? Would they become tributaries to any continental Power in order to effect this purpose ? Would the bought amity of France or America better replace the un bought protection of England; and, were it even secured, are they certain to succeed ? But the Irish are not united ; as for Protestants and Dissenters, they are totally opposed. Are the.repealers willing, single handed, to engage the might of England; are they prepared to wage a civil war with their countrymen ? Surely there are ether and better remedies in store? In Ireland there is a surplus of hands beyond the demand ; the population is never fully employed, while the pressure from without causes labour to be performed on terms altogether incompatible with a decent subsistence. The perishable potatoe is the only food which can be habitually reckoned on ; and when, as often happens, thP supply is bad or deficient, and when the winter store deteriorates as spring comes round, the wants of the people are miserably aggravated. The deficiency in other articles of prime necessity is almost equally great. The attire is at once wretched, sordid, miserable. As regards the men, clothes, which have served the coarse necessities of half-a- dozen individuals ; as respects women and children, a flimsy cotton print, with a sad deficiency of woollen and linen under-garments. In the country a mud cabin, perhaps windowless, in clnneyless ; in town, a garret, a cellar, or a nook in some wretched court, constitutes the protection against our often wet and dreary winters. And even of these, the wretched occupants continue to sublet a portion to casual way farers more outcast than themselves. It may be conceived what dens of disease such habitations prove; accordingly, sickness and death, with fever and all its sweltering horrors, are never absent. In 1780 and 1817, severally, eighty thou sand persons were carried off by fever, which, if we reckon the mortality at one in thirty, gives for each of those years an aggregate of two hundred and forty thousand sick. What of the sufferers on such-occa sions ; what of friends and relatives whose time is occupied and substance exhausted ; what heads of families torn away ; what anguish—what despair ? Of all the enemies of Ireland, commend me to the absentee, to him who, with unscrupulous desertion of all the duties connected with home and country, spends abroad the pittance wrung from the 'vitals of an impoverished peasantry. I know it has been asserted that absenteeism entails no pecuniary disad vantage ; but I shall merely ask whether the four or five millions annually abstracted from a community like that in Ireland, constitute no loss; or whether this sum, if circulated by the unwearying hand of human industry, would not be calculated to ensure comfort and competence to myriads ? How, I would inquire, is production to be carried on without money ca pital ; or, how, without it, are the endlessly diversified capabilities of soil and climate to receive suitable ex pansion ? No, the absentee is among the worst enemies of Ireland. It occurs to me when I think of mouldering halls, and the sileot park where the mansion-house stood, but stands no more, with what new titles we might in vest the absent owners. Here then, were the abode of Duke Hardheart, that the Earl of Rattledice's ; here the Castle of: Lady Smallbrains, that the whilome seat of the Countess of Dissipation. I have stood on the strand where rows of roofless cabins attested the former presence of human life and industry. Look at that blackened NI all ! Where are they whom it once sheltered ? where the hard-working peasant, the anxious busy mother, the maiden whose carolling was heard so early in the morn, and the children whose little feet went to and fro—where, absentee, where ?—borne to the sordid • town, the hospital. Who is that with haggard countenance—now he gasps, anon he picks the bed-clothes with his hands ! The nurse plies the grateful wine in vain, the physi cian shakes his head and passes on ; for why, the peasant's course is ended, his life is done ; nor can the tears of that spent and faithful woman, nor the sad inquiring face of the last and youngest, avail to stay the parting agony. Hark ! it is the dead rattle ' • now—no once agai n ; now i n d ee d, it i s over f or ever more; the peasant has sped to a land where the L Ord thereof will not tear down his dwelling, or expel him and his from the light of his protection ! Mother and child are gone ; the child has lain down amid the straw, he asks why his father is away. But where is the blythe daughter the while ? There, pale, trembling, by that flickering lamp; the rains pours, perchance it blows, no matter; she must earn the wages of corruption, or go home to her garret and die. But the son, the sturdy son, who was to work and strive and make all things square, where i s h e ? Look across the ocean—to far America; there, hard by the canal, in the swamp, are rows of graves. I n one of these, with others of his race, victims to disease and neglect in a foreign land, lies the young Irish man ; his hand is cold, he'll work no more ! Who does not know that our few manufactories are insufficient to supply the swarming population ; that our minerals are not dug; that our fisheries are neglected ; the tenure of the soil precarious; that i rents are high, while produce, too generally, s low; that land, even on these terms, is let and sub-let, so as no longer to afford a decent subsistence; and that the peasant is ground down, what by the outlay for his humble necessaries, a heavy.rent-charge, grand jury levies, tolls, taxes, poor-rates, and the support, at once onerous and unavoidable, of Protestant, Catholic, Presbyterian, and other establishments ? The land is overstocked with labourers, the towns with artisans ; 'while every trade, profession, calling, swarms with needy candidates for employment. There are few or no public works, no Government dock-yards, and, with excellent harbours, no foreign packet station. In other respects, we have canals on which one sees nothing but turf-boats ; a matchless custom-house where there is no trade, and a cyclo pean harbour which only serves to shelter fishermen. The centralization principle, carried too far, has drawn away the emoluments connected with most of the public offices; money does not circulate; and if any one experience unusual losses in his calling, he finds the utmost difficulty in retrieving them. In a word, the people do not receive adequate employment at home, and are too generally destitute of the means to seek it abroad. Before any searching remedies for Irish grievances can be adopted, there must be a proper understanding with the parties to be relieved. The tusk must be entered into with vigour, and a firm determination to probe the canker to the bottom, and eradicate it. If Ministers for the day, if Hon. Members set out with repugnance and disgust, view the affair as a nuisance to be abated and abandoned, how do they expect they will accomplish their undertaking, or conciliate those whom it most concerns ? The Irish, too, must relinquish their prejudices, their ostentation, their pride, their desire to spend before they earn, their distorted conceptions, and their expectations, often sadly at variance with the every-day realities of life. I would adjure the political agitator, ere he evoke the vengeance of heaven and earth on English misrule, to correct his own faults. Man, have you never been your own enemy ? have you never slept the hours you should have been waking; never passed in rude debauchery the time that should have been spent with your anxious partner, in instructing your children, and in making provision for the period of age and sickness which is sure to come, and which often, alas too often, finds 3 ou wholly unprepared ? Among other follies of which we have been guilty, is the recent attempt to found a barrier on the dis tinction of race, as if Saxons were better or worse than Celts ; Celts than Saxons. But the fact assumed is quite otherwise; the aborigines of these islands were all Celts ! Are not Irish, Gaelic, Welsh, Cor nish, dialects of one and the same language, once spoken over Great Britain and Ireland by a race that has left indelible traces ,Jf its existence in the remains of its language, and the still adherent name 3 of places? In England the after irruption of Romans, Saxons, and Norsemen settled in France, gave rise to a diver sified population, just as the invasion and, settlement of Ireland by Danes, Normans, Saxons, and We'sh led to a similar result here. It is unlikely that there is a single Irishman, whatever it may be in the high lands of Scotland or Wales, who can boast unmingled Celtic descent; and were it even otherwise, the gain would be very small. The Deity, who knows better than us all, has designed his children, Celt, Saxon, and Norman, alike to mingle together; and wherever a consummation so desirable fails to be realised, de terioration and decay are the only results. Freer ingress as regards the productions of other countries, freer egress as regards our own, would, I conceive, realise a high degree of prpsperity both for the danger of such a precedent, in the contemplation that the trial by jury will be extended to such a time. It is not necessary for me to go into my reasons ; Icon sidered it a good d ea l s i nce I h eard the intention'of moving it, and I cannot reconcile it to my mind to think that it is at all within the meaning of the Act of Parlia ment, and from the extent to which the order goes, I grc,atly fear the result of it as a precedent. I have no idea of consulting my own convenience. I have no ob jection to sit any length of time every day. Application granted. BITTING OF TIIE COURT.—THE FIRST DAY OF TRIAL. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL —What hour will your Lordships sit on Monday morning ? The CHIEF JUSTICE —We have been thinking abou that, and on Monday morning the Court intend to s punctually at ten o'clock. THE GREAT AGGREGATE MEET ING OF THE CATHOLICS OF IRELAND. DUBLIN, SATURDAY, The great aggregate meeting of the Catholics of Ire. land took place this day, at the Music-hall, Lower Abbey street. To the requisition by which it was called an immense number of names were attached, and as the interest attached to the proceedings had been much in creased Ni ithin the last few days by the decision of the Court of Queen's Bench against the motion on the part of the traversers to postpone the trial, on the ground of the illegality of the jury panel, the anxiety to attend the meeting was great in proportion. The admission was by tickets. The body of the hall, the side galleries, and the space beneath them, were crowded. The gallery fronting- the platform was appropriated to the ladies, and it contained ladies of some of the most respectable families in Dublin. The entrance of Tom Steele was greeted with several rounds of applause. Mr. O'Conuell entered soon after him, and was received with unbounded enthusiasm, the cheering continuing several minutes. He is evidently in the best state of heath, and appeared in exeellenespi rits. Mr. Sheil was also most loudly cheered. Among . the gentlemen present were the following : lion. Charles Barnwell, Esq. ; James Blackney, Esq., Fort Castle, Phillip's Town; W. Ferregan, Esq. ; C. D. Duffy, Esq. ; A. R. Stritch, Hugh Macgill, Henry Murray, E. Campbell, P. M‘Gowran, C. MeAlfister, C. Lennon ; Roe, 131essington-street ; S. O'Brien, Esqrs. ; Rev. Mr. Study ; Doheny, barrister ; Dr. Nagle ; G. Hamilton ; T. Joyce ; Valentine Blake ; Walter Joyce ; S. J. Murray; Richard Barnwell; Mar tin Hunan ; Richard Ferrell, J.P. ; Sir John Power ; James Nugent ; W. Reynold, T.C. ; Mr. Moran, T.C. ; Mr. Atkinson, T.C. ; Mr. Loughman ; Very Rev. Mr. Stewart ; Rev. Mr. Tierney, one A the traversers ; Reverend Mr. Andrews ; Reverend Mr. Hopkins ; T. • Sheridan, T.C. ; Rev. Mr. Lynch ; J. T. Devit, Barrister, Limerick ; C. Walsh, solicitor ; Dr. S. Murphy ; J. White, J. P., Shannon ; J. Chester, D. L., Stone House, South-bridge ; Johnson, J.l'. ; Major Kearney, J. P., Gerald Aylmer, county Kildare ; Cor nelius Egan, Alderman of Dublin ; Richard O'Connell; 11. S. Reynolds, D. O'Connell, Mr. Dully, barrister Mr. Kelly, T. Kerwan, T.C. ; Dr. J. Murphy, James M'Kean, M.D. ; Sir T. Esmonde, J. C. Egan, John Es mond, James M'Owen, G. Fitzgerald, Martin Madden, Sligo ; J. Troy, Rev. Mr. O'Malley, T. Wise, M. P. F. J. Moony ; Philip Taggard, George • Graham, Coyan, T. N. Redington, M.P. ;. J. 11. Talbot, county of Monaghan ; Robert Irwen, Roscommon ; James Hogan, Robert Cassidy, J.P. ; JaMes Power, M.P. ; Hogan, Fairview ; 'Thomas Dwyer,: J. Mackenna, T.C. ; the Lord Mayor ; the Rev. Miley, D.D. ; Michael Staun ton,litl ward Dowell, Esqrsecounty Galway; W. Ford, P. Kelley, Esq. ; B. Andrews, T.C. ; O'Flannagan, barrister; Alexander Macarthy, barrister Bedew, T. C. ; G. Gilchrist, 'l'. P. Curtis ;J. Flan naghan, Esq. ; Galway, Esq. ; Thomas M'Mahan, J. Kirwan, Richard L. Sheil, M.P. ; -James Barnwell, Dr. Harker, &c., &c. The proceedings did not commence till two o'clock, when, on the motion of Sir T. Esmonde, Bart., the Lord Mayor of Dubli n , T. O'B r i en, E sq., took the chair. LORD MAYOR on taking the chair observed,' that it was now sought by the Government to deprive the Roman Catholics of Ireland—the loyal subjects of this realm—of that privilege to which even aliens were entitled ; namely, the privilege of being represented on the jury before which they were to be tried. No less a number than seven millions and a half of the subjects of the British Crown had been thus excluded from the en joyment of their undoubted right anti privilege. To express their abhorrence of that inroad upon their liber ties, the Roman Catholics of Ireland had assembled there that day ; and, for his own part, not remembering the exertions of those to whom he, as a Catholic, owed his elevation to the office which he now filled, he felt that gratitude and duty both urged him to take an active part in the proceedings on the present occasion. He wanted words to express his sense of the high honour conferred cn him by being called on to preside at the present meeting. Ile would not then take up their time further, particularly as they would be addressed by men who bad won high fame in form e r s t rugg l es f or civil and religious lib ert y. —(Cheers.) After some further observations, the Chair man, who was all but inaudible throughout the entire of his observations, resumed his seat amidst loud applause. On the motion of Sir 'l'. ESMONDE, Bart., T. Fitz pataick and Alexander M'Carthy, Esqrs., were nomi nated Secretaries of the meeting. Mr. M`CARTIIY having read the requisition convening the meeting, which was signed by a host of the most in fluential and wealthy Roman Catholics of Ireland, in cludiug the Earl of ICenmare. Sir T. ESMONDE, Bart., came to the front of the platform, and was received with the most enthu siastic applause. Be said lie attended there that day with, he candidly acknowledged, very sin ?,ere regret, for he came from necessity, as a Roman Catholic of Ireland, to vindicate his own character and prin ciples, and theirs. F or many years he had agitated with them in the great muse of civil and religious liberty, and, by the Act of Emancipation, he thought a termination had been put to that species of agitation in which they had acted together for so many years. But within those few days there had arisen proof positive that Roman Catholics were considered unworthy of belief on their oath. That foul imputation which had been cast upon them by itinerants from period to period was now nearly obtaining the sanction of those in power. It was to protest against that that they were now assem bled.--(Cheers.) And if they should have to struggle again in the cause of civil and religious liberty, he was much mistaken if his countrymen would not be more firm and more persevering, if possible, than when they had been seeking for emancipation.— (Cheers.) They were now a temperate people, and in the pursuit of civil and religious liberty, they would be consistent, perse vering, united, and firm.—(Cheers.) He concluded •by moving the first resolution, which was to the following effect :—" That the Roman Catholics of Ireland yielded to no portion of the Queen's subjects in true loyalty to the throne, and the strict observation of the religious obligation of an oath." Sir J. POWER, Bart., seconded the resolution, which was carried amidst the most vehement applause. Mr. WYSE, M.P., then addressed the meeting. He said it was but a few days after the first granting of the great claim of Catholic Emancipation, that a great meeting was held in that city, for the purpose of stating what were the feelings, prospects, and claims of the Catholic body, after the emancipation had become law. He read the resolution carried at that meeting, expressive of their gratitude for the measure so healing and conciliatory ; that was then the manifesto of the Catholics of Ireland, that the differences of the past were buried, and that they would do all in their power to promote the interest of the common country. It was hoped that that feeling would have contin ue d. Th at was fourteen years ago. But what must be their feelings now, when they wer e called together again, once more, to claim the common ri g ht s of- their fellow-subjects, of which they had been again deprived? Who would not, on looking round, believe that the Emancipation Act had never been passed, or that it had been repealed ? (Great cheering.) Since the time their claim was granted, had not the deeds of the party leaders proved what they said at the period—that that claim was granted unwillingly? And when that party was suc ceeded by one of more liberal and generous nature, were not the efforts and acts of that party continually thwarted when they endeavoured to make the Emancipation Bill more than a dead letter? It was the party of Wellington and Peel that always stood in the way of all their municipal and political reforms ; and the same spirit had been manifested. To be a Catholic was a crime ; that a man was of the opinion of the majority of the people of Ireland was a sufficient excuse for striking a man off the list of the jury. There had been no proof that they entertained any peculiar political opinions ; it was sufficient that a man was a Catholic—was of that reli gion that had been branded in Ireland in every way, and had been accused of a disregard of oaths ; it was to destroy the confederacy of Catholic feeling that would always lead them, inside the House or out of it, to repel such imputations upon their honour, that Catholics were now struck off the jury. During the last year they were taunted with a disregard of the obligation of an oath by a Minister of the Crown, and that Minister was com pelled, in the face of the House and of the empire, to apologise for that imputation. The same prineiplee on which the names of Catholics were struck off the panel would form a ground for re-enacting the old penal laws against them in all their severity. lie contended for an equality, Of rights in every respect. Did they think that while dvery country . was gainieg its rights and fran chises, and were regaining their position in the scale of nations, did they think the people of Ireland could sit down contented and not do all in their power toniake themselves felt and known in the great incorporation of the British empire ?—(Cheers.) It was impossible that the laws of the land could be respected unless they were loved, and, by being administered impartially, made the shield to defend, and not the sword to attack, the people. He concluded by proposing a resolution, stating, that in striking off the names of the C a th o li cs from the list; the Government had inflicted a wrong and an insult upon that body, and against which they now recorded their opinion. The resolution was seconded by J. H. TALBOT, Esq., who stated that he was himself a victim to his religion, having been dismissed from his deputy-lieutenancy be cause he would not be the slave of any Government. W. FORD, Esq., then addressed the assembly, stating circumstances that attended former prosecutions, to - shave that the striking off jurors on-account of their religi2; was no new practice. He also quoted theeopinion e o eo .. ol o Smith, the Attorney-General, expressed in Els speech h the great Protestant meeting of the 24 th J. a o r tr , 1837,—then .Catholics had very !era r the sanctity of an oath, that Oath -adduced the in by Mr. Wyse and Mr. Shell. He also t e. one taken stance of Lord Roden casting bancgi mputateon upon ofCatholic people of Fle alluded to the fact tale them. and a Presby " turned three Protestants Dublin having re s decide on the franchises of the citizens. They terian to had done everything in their power to show their confi dence in the Protestants, and were they now to be told that Catholic : gentlemen were not to be entrusted to sit on a jury ? The whole proceeding was meant