The Sun. — London, England, 1845-01-30 00:00:00

UMMARY OF NEWS AND thtbitt Optnion, “ Who runs may read." 1001 1t8.11:17X. Oa Saturday night the Duke and Duchess b fours gave the second of their intended three all the " v as e On the Pavilion Alarm. It fully equalled the al l i e s N th e is - Lrinberat nabriliany The King, Queen, and eeti and Princesses attended. The dancingdi i d a n b o e t , 14 till four in the morning. The last ball w at v e en On Saturday next. ,v ee yad Cowley gave another sane on Friday is hen,, and l eil w.fee • Scandal and Charles 11. were repea bled on „ e4 eited the applause of the brilliant circle assembled e4e occasion, even more strongly than on the previous Party given by her Ladyship. The Revue deParis states that the Arab chiefs just oefere their departure made the following . pre e s s e s e ( t i s o . l'hey,eave to the Duchess de Nemours, the P joinvdle, and the Duchess d'Aurnale, each splendida rm sulttma's ; dress; to the Count de Paris an 1 'eoult a e Oriental 14ilitary costume, and to the lady of Marsha Valuable tieh cashmere cloak, embroidered with gold. . presents were made in return by these Persona, rail et The adjudication of the privilege of the line of distinguished °ad from had -altrontereau to Troyes took place on 'aturday, the Ministry of Public Works. Two companiesben re !nada tenders, but one of the tenders having e not jeet ee beart ahetYlatthe(ei Commission for motives whichhad, tl'Allaune, and Ptaliel 4fTe . r of MM. ryauoatieert,aittee'nalliia'ettot tel°llBicieration. Thli s L COrp l tiny having offered te in aF u ci ra p li the f. on l i tioeaeontraet on a lease twenty-four years short bs d thus re etteio°f the maximum fixed by the Chain as t declared r by tile ..e, the te em to seventy-five years, 'atnnster to have the privilege, aloproval. rit e - t , returns subject w to the Ro3 al of 01 erenee i Gov ernment has just published the ,el I. 1843. • lt ar,4-rect commerce with Algeria for the AieraZars from them that the exports from 3 .l o ' r r t a s nc tr e o t at o A i era amounted to 51 , 1 25,000 f., and the Port:4,, t° 2,795,000 f. In 1842, imports that Yeer, Co°llated to only 48 millions ; the the exp . t e ,r x t p s and ine- Aceee7iver. al:counted to 3,190,00 W... . bd. a force el.ei„ in , le an account from Algeria, in the A'yerie, of about 178011148 succeeded in gt tting together n. tteiziPlated an Emperor of Mo men ; but it was suspected that he co .eeeo an ,tterapt to dethrone the nie e i ew rather teem an attack upon the French possessions Ily) le . le tern fr om er e te t ens, the6th, at that time tliremieet perfect tr anquillity existed , ka t t Z 'at Greece was begin- A h of and that some ham one 4,, Manifest itself in the Chamber of Re . piesentatives• Ciro th at i t tliets from Alexandria, of the 6th inst., a mention th e e..: Plan of establishing a railroed hetweeM. kanceeeiz,had been nearly abandoned. An engineer,anex_ Pens e of , °ad Proposed to the Pasha to epee, at Cair o . ,a°t reere than 130,000 talaris, a canal between Sue z rna Suez, means of which, goods landed a to t Ale x ,1 111 4 be tonne eed i bores from that harbour ur tile p;,_"ia, Thre s.luicengates, would be required a f ro, aad te l ' ult f* , One at Sue; the other at Wadi, below C i a third at Alexandria. VieeCh 44tle 414") 31°LICSI injunction 't it i an ~ aneellor Knight Bruce granted an e to gbatijee Clarence Railway Company, directing . on of t hrid In from offering any obstruction to the erecti k trti ße by the Great North of England, Clarence, and t Titelu° Janetion Raile ay Company across their lit . b e rule for a new trial in the ease titt a,' by the N. the Chinese exhibition ca e, was discharged e t , tit " °f Coternun Pleas of `` Thomas v. of Beadle v. 1411 114 Count of Exchequer the ease t lio 11 . 1 e on for trial before Mr. Baron Rolfe. It ts, w r tlen to recover the amount of damages and_ .e. (inettoe or,Plaintiff had been obliged to pay in n' ttet.ein the tn e e ithi eh df preseut plaintiff was the defendant, and . l a -appearance of deft ndant at a en tri . a i l l Verdict, endant's evidence would have secured him . %ve t ." on that trial the actual amount of damages re ad lee 14:148 Sse while the costs amotid. t ouki fo rt ii, which plaintiff had had to pay. The jury )1 1' lie eanite(Priaiatiff-, da.enages 561. taeeibeat eXaminution of J. Argent, late of the was post s, dby I,_°e!*!.l, but at present a bankrupt, B• At the Onill4erai4s•i°ller Evans until Feb.e l r 9 k to Mr. ;:kll_ ... aI, Wam Whitehouse, a c ahe i. kerewether, was charged with emlezzling., i thbnarristeete.aorfeceived on behalf of his - employer, who ' 4 Priso4 ~ the Inner Temple. It was f 50/ t ld it t 44d embezzled fees to the amount o , e le tees e x eainst proved that Pected othercases would be brought ti e t ha nds 4 remanded. Wee tresworth, on Tuesday D Clarke was charged tie elltstsine in search of go' . upon land in the oe ilert34e bee:: tne buke of Cansbrrdnne The e - saw the priBoNer in Coombe Woods. setting the Tete Pr"need for.gamekeeper to e e , Nee no., the capture of pheasants. A e r x r. . t e la elelnen and gentlemen went to great 4eee.t:d. Isrejerving their game, and they must be ro .1411)(1 jafitite rrieoner had been previously convicted, a ter te a ia, , et tie full penalty of 405., or, in default, atilt erlsennlent. The prisoner was committed in At 43 he Thaw hog t ''' and -o . Captain Alexander Simson, the s wro ad over ?ail o wner of the barque Elizabeth, N a v n a . attesNit4"lll3? left an_wer a charge of having wilfully bee a , j h r arY to i ttb.. 14111liam Burgess, a seaman, at Que endert et the e _ l'bijoe eICISe of the sitting of the tatMarlborough llergeieArt, John .irnith was brought into Court, tiret,, with having obtained money under fraud.u teself cell fret, . te ere to 4 0 _ various tradesmen, by representing j;_ tee w u'e brother of Colonel Tennant, of ta th e Nil eitiiaas Fenianded until Friday next. tf i st les t 8 il'aelt, the young man who, on Tuesday, tryic, liat, Iv . sy ste _ , hith Up t 0%, , as charged before Mr. Rewlinson, at having for a considerable time kept illci °r 11144 forceannoyan towards the Belgian Ambas -44 04 1 ten, aka an?ily, which no reason whatever could erntaeet , with other' soners brought up in the 16 'th , Ik 'l f NT I" , • Cl kenwell• Sth q ~av i t: fro m the re ~.,ew - rison, er . te e ~ e sh o „,, ne consented to enter into recognisances, etteta,"Jet abstain from annoying hie Excellency for 1, the Prisoner was discharged. dee„4 kartit/aPIIV---- raettaZeuteLelre=• trays at le dd l a of Londonderry is expected in a few petertrto"ltatioe busriles }lease, Park-lane, having received ei eett vi. present at the grand Parliamentary I'l l Y the Duke of Wellington on Monday to , e bl o t . rail' • - 1413 of 'llll I t e"'llglaa has left town for Badminton et,l,of w nr.. Si tue festivities consequent on the Mar tl " v.eater attaining his majority on Saturday 4411ee terete, „I L , et 4 1 1 , , and Marchioness of Downshire have Lopye tees 'deorouee n "c 0 clUi ft ,astie, county Down. Mh it ilt !Ind 173 jsn._d_Marchion, of Normanby have left ottglinton _ countess Barrington, at Becket House t . 'WI a visit to the Deike and Duchess of le ] .tt % ere bpi and e el , . ii 11411 N I), tit ress of Wilton have been entertain ka, toow e l eft G Orton Ledge. '„ v t to Coe e Court on Sfonday for Badmin- Ille "at' leuke and Dhs of Beaufort. . 0 a it to:14t1 untess of Shann es d Hon. H. Cole, ke' wed tat the Lakee i li " ' an tioaai t,, e t a ,_ i .,, _ o i arney. , Nin?' uolchester have arrived at their new to 4141" c'es.street, Berkeley -square, from Kid ill td Pit 'Atssea• tt I n t "GY So 4 4 , Ile 1/0_ tnerset held a levee on Tuesday morn -111,4:11. Lae Guerds, which was very numerously ee el , tlo k 1 , _ 41e4ttiatitowal.:',_ Talbot and Mr. Lushington have &r -une it visit to the Marquis of Salisbury at ' 4 kia %tin ktrap tt 'te il IN Iteeti 30.2.42frii0Tra. Atiset,,thel..tiQrilteot , nR of the members of the West ,. e' teetio_4eerealethe was held on Tuesday, Ott44eet.e4lttre, ittu,laeard-street, Soho, Sir Walter Far ttlie ii t t a at ated ' Tie chair. The report read to th h e e . 4140.837, onteeat settee _the establishmentof t had t et7l , lll, e t ,ted t e the burnt.ed _and thirty females iv •ie e f , .4 ie eaa,,,_, , taetttution, le e t i t rtelatelends, or'eate, situations, seventeen.restored.,r t ti 1 144 se breinniarped, and twenty-six left at their lli e lliii, eoereeeieed gfi.tne past year sixte. n new eas . P.. t ee e twee pi ee . had been restored to their ci?ei tt 'e ta eot , aced in service. There were now in eqtel- e e, end )'five• The exertions of the Ladies' c le tlle isletthe effi • • • le, kiinal elenCy with which they had con ell 4ftellealeee,,a,rrangernents of the establishment, Ms7,,tity "e t ele„r t ` i ', by the Committee. After the adop ee:l,etett ge officers for th of of the "le 'Art eet ed and l i ' . e in anage , eoe l of ca e. , t e meeting separated. 11 ell 4setatih.2..lisle s illness has been exaggerated. 40:0,114hte surrouarT t•lvieea to e.reetZtren slightly indiposed, but not so to the members of his family, ee e e de e - 3' Ligh t n( ed at Castle Howard. liv` (144. °Verv, _ a fire, which, had it not been for the l i d `(1 venld have been attended with the 14".efet,tes e a%7aequenees, broke out upon the exten lieleee"leteeej_n2g to Messrs. °Well and Stodart, I.l!),,,,q4,ll,!teie.,'•_e_:,edrs, treatedse in Ham -yard, Gray's , t e:, liapty eir' on gound fluor, in which a Ar l eo tt 9 13 feet e . :Inge were deposited. Engines ar le,'itatiedkek water being at hand, the flame s r e tie eil q, th e a . leetedl) t o de . etist R ho is enaploved by the Kin of 114k7ltz, itte4t,,,,,l„2Pleitstllep.reesenttion" of the Corporag•tion t.ee, , ie l'alitellill 4 :Nti3,, ,oarnmeneFd his work in the titite7relet.alit e kft. i`en,n„, 15P .nand The size of the Ot et 'e to k tlf the C u b} 't!t., and the likenesses of Or a ; ir laced _Peration, eho formed the depu kreaiet; beteltou LauriaeP (Zrtheeb canvass. Mr. Sheriff tttliorw‘rtttn4ll(f and dome other oatinlXn Mazatlan, Mr. esie%litilD4t ilkilittPen the artist w,le members, .have Ja b thi s t , iitici who was , , 1 o is considered a f evhe e ele a bask. ea brought from Rome to iilithere...4l4ll4l)jeabel‘q„ tell_eer of the Bishop of Cashel, toe ‘,(l'tv't tPvial 1,1071t:P esunted the county of Gal fletese kl Y t he titl tont, is to be elevated t i the d t At•oteit . bee, eof Lord Dunsandle le tle di et dee. Y who %, • h „ • . lehtitt e . r e i t. le k th e at __ : wit I halber t in the to 1 . , 1 1 ', kt, „:rhat i ad ° rn l n Setturdry night, and It, el li , , alit, estr eh, te roc at Milan, with her eldest e, l t'l a l t n ; I ; tieltio, nned‘aliet.. M. Thalberg, Miss e e e t „ e e t _ . t Ilia_ ~e 0 alr. ( allcott have proceeded h.(11 le. eq tl r. o 4 Darr lby and her niother, Miss E. ',i'li, k41,t4 1 11 of th .'r,Y, are gone to Shrewsbury to e ` le, mite loft et eelr coati' %At ' V et.. th end ey ev . 4 rs, Where a concert e e ,e eo, oa ~,a r nest ,e• "'nee Tile escape of the 4 , It oi l 110 ni nny .c ,s_7ll:actilous 00e, The concerts 41 4 4 he ap`‘ttli ej e ' o et a l , , l ng and Saturday morning, he t d, t(l e le 1,(4, tcreaeat e id, and the performances Oteh t iii Pe IQ(th44 eiv es e t ' e t , ittlttie Fie of Aue.u., ws .. from the Sandwich lioht q((ve tear arl44 states confidently, I lb 4 - 444 is tined English vessels from ittitll ng to lf 18 mansion, at Drayton ►~ Manor, n pi ,turn , gallery, 100 feet In length, for the re• coption chiefly of portraits of the moit ernin. ut men of the press nt day. His present collectio❑ of pictures at the manor is already among the largest, if not the lar gosts of modern date in this country, and it is constantly being extendtd. The new gallery will be - fitted up in the richest manner with carved oak and polished marble, now preparing. authority of the most eminent engineers of the day, that it will effect any saving of time—in fact, the distance gained is mostly, if not entirely, gained between London and Peterborough. In order to undereand this part of the case clearly it should be viewed solrily with reference to a direct communica tion between London and York, that is, irrespective of branches, regar ling the main line from London to York on the one hand, and the direct extension of existing lines on the other. The direct line from London to York will be 188 miles. Its cost (of this main line alone), in the esti mation of the most eminent engineers, cannot be less than the whole of their assumed capital of 5,000,0001. The extension of the Northern and Eastern line from Cambridge to the York and North Midland at Monk Frysbone, will be 132 m il es, t h e cost 1,950,000 1 . It should be borne in mind that to complete the chain of railway communication between Ipswich, Harwich, Colchester, Stowmarket, Bury St. Ed mund's, Newmarket, and Cambridge, a line must be made from Cambridge to Peterborough ; whilst from the north, to give the desired communication between the manufacturing districts and Lincolnshire, a line must also be made from Bawtry to Lincoln ; there would still be wanting a line from Lincoln to Peter borough, to perfect the entire chain of railway com munication ; and that line must be made in order to accommodate the heart of Lincolnshire. Again I must refer your readers to the map; they will perceive at a glance that there must be one line of continuous railway from Bawtry, by Lincoln, through the heart of Lincolnshire, by Peterborough and Cambridge, to London, and I am sure, if they are not Proprietors in the Witham Navigation, or unfor tunate Shareholders in the London and York, they will acknowledge that another new, expensive, and entirely competing line from Bawtry to London can not be justified on any ground of national importance, and cannot hold out any reasonable prospect of return to the Proprietors. The third point of inquiry in the memorandum issued by the Board of Trade is, as to the amount of advantage afforded to the towns and districts more immediately affected. It' we take up the London and York line from its London terminus, and trace the route to Peterborough in connexion with other existing and projected lines, we find that the towns and districts which it would accommodate may be otherwise provided for at much less expense, and, consequently, to their much greater advantage Hitchin and Biggleswade may be accom modated by the Eastern Counties projected extension from Ware to those places • Bedford by the projected branch to that t own f rom the London and Birming ham Railway; St. Neot's and Huntingdon by the projected line from Ely to Bedford, which will inter sect the main trunk of the Cambridge and Lincoln at St. Ives; Peterborough, by the Cambridge and and Lincoln line; proceeding northwards from Peter -borough we find that Stamford will be accommodated by the Syston and Peterborough line, and the branch from the main trunk of the Cambridge and Lincoln, uniting it with its ancient natural port of Spalding; Newark, by the projected extension line from Not tingham to Lincoln, leaving Grantham the only place of any note which will not be accommodated by lines actually projected and now under the consideration of the Board of Trade; surely no man in his senses will say that a parallel and competing line of railway from Bawtry to London is required for the accom modation of Grantham, which might be united by a branch to the main trunk of the Cambridge and Lin coln line. The loop from Bawtry by Gainsborough, Lincoln, Boston, and Spalding, to Peterborough on the one hand, and to Sheffield and Wakefield on the other, is designed to connect Lincolnshire with the manufac turing and mineral districts. The writer in the Journal in reference to this loop says—" Its great merit appears to be, that it furnishes a direct commu nication north and south for the chief towns of Lin colnshire, and at the same time a ff or d s t h em t h e means oisending their produce to the largest markets, and furnishe s an ou tl e t f or the extensive manufactur ing districts through and to which the Manchester and Leeds, and Sheffield and Manchester Railways go; we look, therefore, upon the line, without the loop, to be an imperfect work, and but very indiffe rently filling up the great chasm left, or we may rather say made, by the establishment of the present railways." That the line, without the loop, would be imper fect, every one must admit—whether the loop will give the most direct and the cheapest communica tion between Lincolnshire and the Manchester and Sheffield and Manchester and Leeds Railways, and whether it will afford that accommodation to the traf fic between Lincolnshire and the manufacturing and mineral districts which its great importance demands, are questions of serious moment, and it behoves those who have embarked their money in the London and York scheme to ponder them well. Facts and figures are stubborn things. As I have before stated, the London and York Company, with a view to connect the manufacturing districts with Lincolnshire, propose to make the following branch LONDON AND YORK RAILWAY. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sir,—The Times of the 24th inst. contained an advertisement on the part of the London and York Railway Company directing the attention of its readers to a statement of the merits of their under taking to be published in Ilerapath's Railway Journal of Saturday last; that statement, as embodied in a leading article of the journal, headed London and York Railway, is now before the public, and deserves the most serious consideration on the part of those who have embarked their money in any one of the various projects for accelerating the communication between the metropolis and the north. I am surprised that the writer of the article in ques tion should have felt it difficult to enter on a matter of so much importance as a new line of railway to York, when he was able to demonstrate so clearly as lie has done the necessity which exists for a new line of railway, east of the existing lines, to accommodate the extensive and productive district I) ing to the north of Cambridge; his difficulty was not to demon strate the necessity for such new line of railway, but to show that the project of the London and York was the one best adapted for the purpose; this was the difficulty with which he had to grapple, and that he felt it to be no inconsiderable one is clear from the candid admission he afterwards makes,' viz.—" We could have wished, and so we have repeatedly said in this journal, and to the promoters of the London and York line privately, that it had started from Cam bridge or Ware, and gone into the York and North Midland at Burton Salmon." - I freely admit that a new line of railway to the east of the existing lines north of Cambridge is re quired, and I could wish, with the writer of the article in question, that it should start from Cambridge and go into the York and North Midland. I never could see why the new line should start from London and terminate at York—why an immense outlay of capi tal should be made and important existing interests be most deeply and injuriously affected, for objects which can be much better attained at less than half the cost and without detriment to any interests ; it isa case which more than any other demands the dispas sionate consideration of an impartial tribunal, and I am confident that no array of names, no extent of in fluence, no tact in getting up deputations or memo rial, will operate on the minds of the Railway Com missioners of the Thud of Trade, or withdraw their attention from the real merits of the case, and a just appreciation of the many important interests involved in it. In the memorandum issued by the Board of Trade ;o the public several points were enumerated as those nto which inquiry would be made. It may not be unprofitable to your readers, at least to that portion of them who are interested in the question, to advert to those points, and to consider in how far the scheme of the London and York Company is calculated to satisfy the inquiries of the Board of Trade. The first point is as to the ability and bona fide in tention of the promoters to prosecute their application to Parliament in the next session fur a Bill to autho rise the undertaking. I will assume, as I have no doubt is the case, that the ability and bona fide intention of the promoters of the Bill to prosecute their application to Parlia ment in the next session, is unquestionable. The second point is, as to the advantages to be ob tained in a national point of vier:, in completing or extending important lines of railway communication. The scheme of the London and York Company is neither the completion nor the extension of an im portant line of railway communication ; on the con trary, it involves the construction of 330 miles of railway, wholly independent of, and to a great extent competing with, other existing lines, whilst, from the vast amount of capital which must be expended in its construction, the number of tunnels, viaducts, high embankments, apd deep cuttings, which are requisite to give it a gradient of one in 200, i# cannot hold out any commensurate advantages to the public. In a national point of view, we may consider the scheme under three distinct heads :- 1. As a new and independent line from London to Peterborough. 2. As connecting the fertile districts of Lincoln. shire with the southern and eastern parts of the king dom, and with the manufactures and coal fields of the north and west. 3. As facilitating the communication between the metropolis and the north of England and Scotland. As a new line from London to Peterborough it is wholly unnecessary; no one can trace its route be tween the London and Birmingham Railway on the one side and the Northern and Eastern on the other, without involuntarily exclaiming, why did it not start from Cambridge ? It is evident from the nature of the country it will traverse, that it must be most ex pensive and difficult in its construction ; the first 30 miles from London will require an enormous outlay of capital, then it will pass through some of the finest garden land in England, and, after all, it will be a competing line with an existing and important rail way, which has the strongest and most unequivocal claims to the protection of the Board of Trade and of Parliament. In short, any one who takes a map of the country in his hand, and traces the proposed new line between London and Peterborough, must perceive that it is wholly uncalled for by local wants, and cannot be re garded otherwise than as a wanton interference with private property, and an unjustifiable invasion of the rights and interests of others, without affording any adequate advantages to the public. The promoters of the undertaking may disregard the wishes and the private remonstrances of individuals, but they cannot escape the control of public opinion and the calm and deliberate judgment of a competent and impartial tribunal. As a means of connecting the fertile districts of Lincolnshire with the southern and eastern ports of the kingdom, and with the manufactures and the coal fields of the north and west, the London and York line is badly conceived, and cannot stand in com parison with other projects fer attaining the same objects. • It wholly disregards Cambridge, the most important and populous town between London and York, which has always been the centre of traffic for all the sur rounding districts, and ought to be on the direct line of any railway communication between the metro polis and the north, and between the fertile plains of Lincoln and the ports of Ipswich and Harwich; moreover, in a national and commercial point of view, the metropolitan terminus of the London and York line will be in no respect equal to the termini of the Eastern Counties Railway. The Tottenham and Farringdon-street Junction will afford the most cen tral and convenient terminus in London, as well for passengers as for the traffic of the agricultural coun ties, whilst the Thames Junction Railway and the ex tension of it to the river side, opposite Woolwich, " will afford to the Government the terminus of a rail way placed practically at the doors of Woolwich Arsenal ;" in addition to which a junction c ou ld be readily efected between the Eastern Counties and Blackwell Railways, so as to connect the manufactur ing districts with the docks. As regards the communication between Lincoln shire and the manufacturing districts and coal fields of the north, the promoters of the London and York Company have entered into a conditional agreement to buy up the Witham Navigation, and to construct a single line of railway along the banks of the river Witham, from Lincoln to Boston, and from Boston across the fen land, through Spalding, to Peterbo rough; from Lincoln by Gainsborough, Bawtry, and Doncaster, the line is common both to the Lond on and York and the Midlands; but to communicate with the manufacturing districts and coal fields the London and York propose to make a branch from Bawtry to Sheffield of twenty miles, another from Doncaster to Wakefield of nineteen miles, and a third of four miles branching out of the Wakefield branch into the York and North Midland, to communicate with Leeds—in all forty-three miles of railway ; whilst the Midlands propose to attain the same objects by a branch of eight miles from Doncaster to Swin ton, and another of near four miles from the North Midland to the Manchester and Leeds—in all twelve miles of railway. I am most anxious to avoid any mis-statement, or to give rise to any misconception on this most impor tant subject, but I ask your readers, who are inte rested, to refer to the published plans of the Company and to judge far themselves. I maintain that a single line of rails carried transversely across Lincolnshire, from Lincoln to Boston, and thence by Spalding to Peterborough, will not meet the wants, or accommo date the traffic, of that most fertile and Firodnetive county; and that the proposed communication by the' ondon and York lines with the manufacturing and mineral districts will be unnecessarily expensive, and consequently disadvantageous to the community at large. Neither the Board of Trade nor the Houses of Parliament can disregard these considerations, for if there is one principle more than another which, in a national point of view, should govern their decisions in respect of competing lines of railway, it is that the existing int ert h s otsf, the hocuol Englandmd be m u a p nn r i cd e a f e t si rr ocn e o d tbi ae tnldv most direct and l eas t expens i ve li ne, m connexion with e l n a d London and As t hen facilitatingor on that the London and York scheme will save eight or nine miles in the entire distance over any route which can be laid down as an extension of the Northern and Eastern line; but I deny, on the railways, viz.— _ From Bawtry to Sheffield • From Doncaster to Wakefield l9 miles, From the Wakefield branch into the York and North 11lid1and,tocotnmunicate with Leeds O.• 4 miles, 43 miles The Midlands attain the same object by two short branches into existing lines, one from Doncaster to Swinton.... The other from the North Midland into the Manches ter and Leeds ............... 4 miles 12 miles 8 miles 31 miles. thus affecting a saving of 31 miles of railway without materially, if at all, increasing the distance to be traversed. But this is not all —a single line of rails between Lincoln, by Boston and Spalding, to Peterborough, will not be sufficient for the traffic which, if it be the only line through Lincolnshire, must come upon fit. The through traffic from Gainsborough and Lincoln, as well as that from the fertile and populous district of country to the north and south of the Witham, would have no other outlet to the southern parts of the king dom, and persons going to and from London would be taken round by Boston and Spalding; whilst, after all, the heart of the country, the district along which its population is chiefly collected, would derive no advantage whatever from the line. Of the two_ principal towns on the route between London and York, Cambridge and Lincoln, one is wholly disregarded, and the other hut very imper fectly accommodated, by the proposed scheme of the London and York Company. Cambridge, including its University, containing 29,000 inhabitants, but the population of Cambridge gives a most inadequate idea of the passenger traffic of the place,; it is the fre quent resort of visitors from all parts of the kingdom, and three-fourths of the members of the University being from the northern parts of the kingdom it has especial claims to the most direct and the cheapest lines•of railway communication with the north. This important town and University are altogether disre garded by the London and York`Company, and with respect to Lincoln, the advantages to be conferred, are of a very secondary kind—a circuitous communi cation with the metropolis, and by a single line of rails to Peterborough, crossing the important drains and navigations which intersect the fen lands at right angles, and affording no communication with, or ac commodation to, Deeping, Bourn, Folkingham, Slea ford, and the numerous and populous villages which occupy the margin or table land which separates the high ground on the west of Lincolnshire from the fen on the east. I will reserve any remarks on the engineering cir cumstances of the line, and the cost of construction and of traffic, and of working expenses, which com prise the remaining points of inquiry to be made by the Board of Trade, until the public has been fa voured with the promised observations on the charac ter and works of the London and York Railway. It is matter of notoriety that these works are of no ordinary character, and I shrewdly suspect that the author of the article in the Journal " who could have wished that the line had started from Cambridge or Ware, and gone into the York and North Midland at Burton Salmon," and yet tells us " that he does not see how under any circumstances it can be mended," will not be grievously disappointed if the publication of the report of the Board of Trzde on the Northern and Eastern lines, in the course of the present week, should relieve him from the further prosecution of the difficult task he has undertaken. I have seen and read the memorial of the promoters of the Cambridge and Lincoln Railway to the Board of Trade, and the documents which accompanied it, and I shall be glad to see them printed and submitted to the test of public opinion, from a firm conviction that they embody the strongest case which can be laid before Parliament. The Cambridge and Lincoln line does start from Cambridge ; it is the extension of an important line of railway communication, one that was contemplated by the Legislature when the Act for making the Northern and Eastern Railway was obtained; that Act, the 6 and 7 William IV., cap. 93, is thus entitled " An Act for making a Railway to form a communication between London and Cain bridge, with the view of its being extended hereafter to the northern and eastern counties of England." It is not my intention, on this occasion, to set forth the merits of the Cambridge and Lincoln line, or the deep and lasting injury which the carrying out of the London and York scheme would inflict on the Eastern Counties proprietary; I will merely observe that the Cambridge and Lincoln line is the natural trunk line for the district it will traverse ; that it will form part of a complete chain of railway com munication between London and York, much shorter, in point of time, than by the existing railways, and affording the greatest amount of public accommoda tion with the leaatexpenditure of capital that whether TR F SUN, LONDON, TITURSDAY MORNING, JANUARY no, 1 ' viewed as an extension of the Nort:,Qrn and Eastern Rai!way, or as a natural and proper line whereby the Northern, Midland, and Eastern Counties may be connected with each other, or as forming a connecting link between the various railways, of which Cam bridge, St. Ives, Peterborough, and Lincoln will be the respective centres, or as part of a cheap and in dependent line of railway between the metropolis and the north, or as connecting the ports of the eastern coasts and the metropolis with the markets, manu factures, and coal-fields of the north, it presents, from its non-interference with existi ng interests, and the small cost at which, from the nature of the district traversed, it may be made, maintained, and worked, advantages of paramount national 'importance, - ,and will afford a greater amount of public accommoda tion, for the outlay of capital, than any existing or projected railway. It has, moreover, the cordial sup port of the Eastern Counties and Midland Companies, who see in it the direct and cheap extension of their own important lines of railway communication, and who have mutually entered into an arrangement with the promoters of the Cambridge and Lincoln line, which, whilst in every other respect it leaves each company perfectly free and independent, provides in the most complete manner for the regulation and for speedy and cheap transit of the traffic over the entire line from London to York. The time occupied in the journey from London to York, including stoppages, will not exceed seven hours, and the cost of transit will be less than by any railway which can be con structed between the same termini.—l am, Sir, your obedient serva n t, OBSERVER. Jan. 27, 1845. LORD JOHN RUSSELL ON THE TAXING OF MACHINERY. At a large meeting of the Spite Melds Weavers' Union last week, an interesting correspondence between the sawyers of Oldham and Lord John Russell was read by Mr. Sherrard, , secretary of the Weavers' Union. The sawyers' letter, dated September 17. 1844, refers to his Lordship's memorable speech at the close of last session as a justification of the liberty of addressing him on the subject of their grievance, with a view of soliciting his advice. The following is his Lordship's reply : " Unsted Wood, Godalming, Sept. 24, 1844. " Gentlemen,—l beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter, signed byyour secretary, of the 17th instant. I wish I could bring my opinions to some accordance with your own, but I fear that it is impossible. While you seek to put fresh restrictions on the skill and inge nuit) of mechanical inventions, it will not be in my power to assist your endeavours for the benefit of the sawyers. If I were to do so, I could not stop with your trade. Nailmakers are in a similar situation, owing to the new machinery for the manufacture of nails ; other artisans and agricult ura l l a b ourers w i l l pray for te like interference, to prevent the use of new machines which interfere with manual labour. " Now, my belief is, that those inventions tend to the improvement of our condition as a people, and enable us to support the great weight of taxation to which we are subjected. Ever since I have known this country machinery has been in progress towards perfection, per forming more and more the task of human hands, and, at the same time, a great number of people have found profitable employment. " I know, and I deplore, that while this progress is going on, many a workman loses the wages which skill and experience have enabled him to gain. But, instead of the perilous course of laying duties on machinery, which would soon enable foreign nations to outstrip us in the score of competition, I am of opinion that we ought to give greater fl•eedom to trade, and, if possible, so extend the demand for labour, that our population, greatly increased as it is, may obtain a good price for their day's work. " I do not mean to pronounce any opinion on the late tariff, so far as regards timber. If the sawyers of this country are subject to unfair competition, they have a a cause for redress so far as colonial timber is concerned. —I remain, your most obedient servant, " J. RUSSELL. " Mr. Samuel Easthope, White Lion, Oldham." EXPLOSION OF A LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE—THREE LIVES LOST. MANCHESTER, TUESDAY MORNING.—This morning a most serious accident occurred on the Manchester and Leeds Railway, by which three unfortunate men lost their lives, and four others were seriously wounded. The extraordinary state of confusion which now exists on the line precludes the.possibility of obtaining the whole of the particulars, but the following account will be found correct : At an early hour this morning the engineer and fire man attached to the Irk engine proceeded to the engine shed, about a mile from the station, at Hunt's Bank, and commenced getting it in readiness to take the quarter to seven A.M. train to Leeds. The fireman put on his fires about half-past four A.m., and in about an hour the steam was up, or nearly so. The engineer then went under the engine to examine the working parts, and the fireman to oil them. They bad not been there long before the accident occurred. Exactly as the clock struck six a tremendous explosion was heard by several men on the premises, and immediately an alarm was given. Mr. Craven, the resident inspector of the works, on proceeding to the works, found that the explosion had killed three of his work men, and injured four others, and done much damage to the building. He thus describes the whole affair:—The engine to which this accident has happened was to have taken eut the quarter before seven train to Leeds, and was in course of preparation for that purpose. The engineer and fireman were both under it at the time of the accident, examining the works. The roof of the firebox seems to have given way, and the steam rushing against the ground blew the engine through the roof of the shed, which is nearly sixty feet high, carrying with it more than twenty yards of the roof; and distributing the fragments in all directions for upwards of one hun dred yards distance. At the moment of the explosion the tender seems to have become detached from the engine, and was turned over on its side, but was not materially injured. The engine was on the middle line of rails, in the shed where the men were at work, with the firebox towards Manchester ; but when it alighted it was completely turned round, and on the outside rails, at a distance of twenty yards from the place it w as fi rs t stan di ng. In i ts way it passed over another engine, carrying with it the chimney, whistle, and domes. The poor fellows who were at work under the engine were dreadfully muti lated, both being severely crushed and burned to a cinder —their heads and brains being completely crushed to a jelly. The inspector was also much disfigured, and killed on the spot. The names of the sufferers are George Mills, engineer ; William Allcoek, fireman ; and William Stone, inspector. James Neilson, John Wain wright, John Hall, and another, are seriously injured. The engine was built by Mr. William Fairbairn, of this town, and was first set to work in January, 1840, since which time it has travelled a distance of 76,860 miles. It c ost 1,4301., and was considered a first-rate engine. The damage done to the engine will not exceed 250/. At the present moment the valves are in good working con dition, and one of them is protected from being tampered with by any of the servants, being shut up in a box con structed for that purpose. There is at present no possible means of accounting for the accident ; but Mr. Fairbairn, and the practical gentlemen are examining the machinery, with a view of entering into detail before the Coroner, who will hold his inquest to-morrow. The unfortunate men have left wires and families to lament their untimely end. FOLKESTONE.—On and after Monday, the 27th instant, letters, &c , for London will leave the Folkestone post-office at 9.30 A.M. The box will be closed at 9.15 a.m., after which time letters and newspapers will be received by one penny extra being paid till 9.25, when the bags will be immediately dispatched. A day mail will also leave our post-office for Dover at 1.50. There will be no day-bags to and from London on Sundays. The number of letters passing our post-office has, since the opening of the rai:road to the town increased to not less than five times weekly to that of former years.— Maidalone Gaze.: TIIE ROYAL PALACE AT HOLYROOD.—Some im provements have lately been made near the Royal Palace at Holyroed, and negotiations have been pending for the purchase of other property in Ann's-yard, near the Palace, with the view of making further improve ments in the locality. It appears that the Com missioners of Woods and Forests have negotiated with the Earl of Haddington for the surrender of the office of Hereditary Keeper of the Palace, which office was originally created by charters from the Crown, and became invested in his Lordship and his heirs of entail. In June, 1843, an award was made, whereby the price to be paid by the Commissioners on behalf of her Majest a y to the Earl of Haddington, for the said office of Keeper, and the wh o l e profits, claims of pro perty and other rights thereunto annexed, or apper taining thereto, and all other estate, right, title, and interest of the said Earl connected therewith, and for the surrender of the said office, was fixed at the sum of 30,6741. Is. Bd. ; and the term of Candlemas then fol lowing (the 2d of February last) was fixed as the term of entry from which the office rights, interest, and properties should b© vested in her Majesty. The money was invested in the Bank of Scotland, to be re-invested in the purchase of lands to be settled in the same line of entail, The Commissioners of Woods and Forests in their recent report state that " the several purposes of the Act (6th and 7th Victoria, c. 64), as fir as we are concerned, have been carried into effect; but, as in terms thereof they could not be completed before the 2d of February, the conclusion of these transactions will be included in a future report." METROPOLITAN IMPROVEMENTS.—On Tuesday se veral houses were sold in East Smithfield, near the London Docks, by auction, by order of the Commis sioners of the Woods and Forests, to be cleared away for the new line of street, which is to pass across High street, Whitechapel, from Spitalfields Church to the Docks. In connexion with these improvements in White chapel, a new street is being formed from Houndsditch to Petticoat-lane, in the construction of which a large number of very old houses had been removed. Among the number was one, in which resided the Ambassador from the Court of Spain, in the reign of Elizabeth, the foundation, walls of which were in some part about three feet in thickness ; adjoining which were discovered some very large vaults. CORONERSIIII' FOR TIM COUNTY OF :BERKS.-- E. Martyn Atkins, Esq., the High Sheriff of the county, has just appointed a general county court, for the elec tion of a coroner, in the room of the late Mr. May, to be held at Abingdon on Monday next. There are now six candidates in the field, the whole of whom are expected to proceed to the poll. Mr. Field, surgeon, of Reading, who had solicited the suffrages of the freeholders upon the death of the late Coroner, has retired from the contest. FLANDERS MAIL. BRUSSELS, JAN. 25.—The general discussion of the budget of the Minister of the Interior has been conti nued to-day in the Chamber of Representatives. Messrs. Huffschmidt,Verhaegen, and the Ministers of Finance and Public Works successively addressed the Chamber ; the rest of the sitting was taken up with explanations re specting personal matters. Their ltoy al Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Saxe Cobourg will leave the Royal Palace of Lacken on Monday evening, at six o'clock, by a special train, fur Valenciennes, and arrive at Paris the following day. Letters from Vienna, of the 18th January, say that his Highness Duke Ferdinand of Saxe Cobourg, brother of the King of the Belgians, father of the King of Por tugal, &c., who resides in this capital, has been for some days seriously ill, and that even fears were entertained for his life. Expresses have been sent to the sons of the august patient, at Paris and Lisbon ; Prince Leopold, his youngest son, is the only member of his family now with him. It seems that the traffic on the railway, which is in terrupted by the falling cf the earth in the Tunnel of Cnmpitch, will not be resumed so soon as expected. Measures have been taken to convey goods and passen gers by other means till the tunnel shall be cleared and repaired. CONSTANTINOPLE, JAN. B.—The negotiations relative to the transit of English letters and passengers through Egypt are at length brought to a conclusion, by a con vention between Mehemet Ali and Mr. Bourne, which has been sent to the London Post-office for ratification, and it is to be in force for five years from May, 1845. According to the conditions of this convention the con tracting parties being, on the one hand, the Egyptian Transit Company, founded by Mehemet Ali, and the English Post-office on the other, the English Mail bags are to be sealed for the sake of security, and accom panied by an officer of the English Post-office, and to be conveyed by the Egyptian Company, and at its expense, from Alexandria to Suez, in 58 hours, and from Suez to Alexandria in 52 hours. Forty Egyptian piastres (about ten French francs) are to be paid for every pound weight of English letters, and five paras fur every news paper. _ _ - 7 1:he Egyptian Post-office engages to forward tra vellers through as speedily and safely as the means at its command shall permit. The latter to have the right, if they do not wi.h to go by the Egyptian Post-office steamers from Alexandria to Cairo, to take any other conveyance they think proper ; but it is reserved to the Egyptian Company to provide alone for the conveyance between Cairo and Suez. This monopoly which con siderably increases the expense of the travellers, Me hemet Ali grants to his comnany only because he says the travellers could not otherwise be duly protected from the inconveniences they might meet with in the desert. The transit dues on all goods, the conveyance of which through Egypt is confided to the Post-office, besides the freight, are reduced to one-half per cent. of the value instead of 3 per cent. fixed by the English-Turkish commercial treaty in 1843, a concession which shews how desirous Mehemet Ali is to promote the advantage of his post office, but which will be nearly counter balanced by increased charges for carriage. DUTCH MAIL. THE HAGUE, JAN. I.—lt is reported that the Mi nister of the Interior is to be employed in another post, and will be succeeded by Mr. Van der Heim now Governor of South Holland, and that he will have for his successor Mr. Van der Poll, now Go vernor of Utrecht. We are informed that Mr. Kruseman, lately Director-General of the Finances in Dutch India, of whose return reports have frequently been spread, arrived here to. day, by way of British India, Egypt, and France. FLUSHING, JAN. 20.—We learn that his Majesty's frigate the Ceres, Captain Ensie, will shortly leave the dock, to proceed, on the first favourable occasion, to Java. AMSTERDAM, JAN. 23.—Extract of a letter from Batavia, dated Oct 4, 1844. " On my voyage out, being off the island of St. Paul, I went on shore in a boat to make observations. " We heard at St. Paul that that island, and the island of Amsterdam, were taken possession of on the 23d of July, 1843, in the name and at the instance of Adam Mixowstawsky, a Polish exile, who now excer cises his authority on both islands. " The establishment consists of fifty-six persons, among whom are six soldier s, and twenty negroes and negresses, who have the care of domestic affairs; the men are employed in the whale fishery ; the oil is boiled in the island, and four vessels (schooners and brigs) are constantly employed in conveying it to Bourbon." A letter from Batavia of the 20th September says— " His Majesty's brig Postillion, Captain Gambier, being on her passage from Macassar to Boelon, met with three large and three small pirate vessels, which it pursued; they were full of men, the largest having at least thirty, and the smallest twenty. After being fired upon for a long time by the guards of his Majesty's brig, they at length escaped by favour of a calm; they however suffered from one fire, as was evident from the confusion on board, their irregular moving, and throwing several times dead bodies into the sea. This was afterwards confirmed by the Sultan of Boelon, who sent a report stating that the pirates had abandoned one of their largest vessels in a sinking state, which was afterwards got up by the inhabitants of Boelon. In the Regency of Reang, part of a mountain had fallen, and destroyed two villages, and a con siderable number of the inhabitants. About the same time there were great inundations in other parts, which had done much injury to the coffee plantations. The HAGUE, JAN. 23.—His Excellency M. Hoc husson has returned to Brussels. The Journal de la Haye declares that the repor which had been current for some days of a change ii the Ministry, is entirely without foundation. DUTCH FUNDS.—Ammanem, Jew. 24 Money. Bills. Actual Debt, 231 per Cent .. 64% 64% Ditto, 3 per Cent .................. 783 79 Ditto, 4 per Cent................... 983 E 99 Ditto, 5 per Cent.. .. Amort Syndic, 43 per Cent.......... 99% 100% Ditto, 311 per Cent Commercial Company, 4 31 per Cant • • 147% 14 , % East India Loan, 4 per Cent.......... Exchange on London, one month .. 12 20 Two months. At sight.. On Hamburgh . . Two months ••• • • • 25 Two months. . - -Dutch Papers, Jan. 25. AUSTRIAN FUNDS.—Vtzerwe, JAN. 21. 5 per Cent. Metalliques ...... . 111% 4 per Cent. ditto. . 3 per Cent. ditto— Loan, 1834 Ditto, 1839 . . . Bank Shares ••••• Esterhazy's Loan • • • -Allgemcine Zeitung, Jan. 24. BELGIAN FUNDS.—Bausms, Jew. 25. Actual Debt, 2% per Cent • .... • • Rothschild's Loan, Five per Cent Loan of Thirty Millions, Four per Cent.... 98% Ditto Three per Cent . Ditto Thirty-seven Millions, ditto • ..• • . 77% Ditto, ditto, 1840.......... Ditto, ditto, 1842 102% Ditto of the City, 1843 .............. • • 103 Ditto, 1832 Bank of Belgium • . • .............• 610 -Brussels Papers, Jan. 27. PRUSSIAN FUNDS.—BIRLIN, JAN. 21. Bills. Money. St. Schuld Sch., 3% per Cent .......... 10034 99% l'russ. English Bonds, 1830, 4 per Cent.. Exchange on London, 2 m0nth5........ 6 24 1 4 •Universal Prussian Gazette, Jan. 22. .....1624 POST MAP OF EUROPE.—Mr. Wyld, of the Strand, to whom all travellers owe a debt of gratitude for the accuracy with which routes are laid down in his nu merous publications, has just sent forth a post map of Central Europe on a large scale, beautifully engraved, and got up with such care, that reliance can be put upon it. and distances and bearings calculated with ease and with safety. The posts, roads, railways, packet routes, &c.. are all distinctly marked and laid down, and though the number of lines and the number of names are almost incalculable, they are so well defined and so clearly set out, that all confusion is avoided. The inquirer, with this map before him, can plainly trace any road be may have travelled, or which he may design to travel upon. He can compare relative distances, and form a just no tion of what is the best route for his progress. The names of the places of importance stand out in bold re lief from amongst others of less consequence, and thus at a glance the positions of the great cities and towns of Europe are commanded by the eye. The meridian lines are.not introduced, and the map is, therefore, free from unnecessary breaks in the' surface ; the degrees are, however, marked on the sides, se that the longitudinal and latitudinal bearings may easily be calculated, if it be necessary.— Times. FOREIGN PICICLES.—The Lords of the Committee of the Privy Council for Trade having had under considera. tion several representations addressed to them and to the Lords of the Treasury from the importers of vegetables for the purpose of pickling them for home consumption, requesting a continuance of the duty of 51. per cent. ad valorem on raw vegetables not otherwise enumerated, preserved in salt and water, or slightly salted for the purpose of being pickled in this country, their Lordships have authorised the Commissioners of the Customs to make a reduction of duty on pickles preserved in vinegar, corresponding with that made last session on the im portation of the article of vinegar itself, viz., from Is. 6d. to 4d. per gallon, and to levy upon vegetables preserved in salt the duty charged on cucumbers so preserved, viz , 10 per cent. ad valorem. These applications have been made to the Treasury and Board of Trade in con sequence of an 'order issued by the Customs authorities some time since, that cauliflowers in salt and water were to be charged with duty as " pickles," 6d. per gallon, and all vegetables 89 imported to be charged accordingly, unless otherwise rated, such as citron, cucumbers, &c., the new tariff being so construed in their regard in op position to the practice previously observed with respect to the articles in question. Mr. Tawell, now in custody:for the supposed murder at Salt-hill. is the founder of the schools for the general education of the poor, situate in Chapel-place, Great Suffolk -street, Borough. , 45. THE ROYAL NAVY. 11E11 MAJESTY'S SHIP ALBION. (From the Morning Po 4) We are enabled to give the most unqualiiird contra diction to the gross misrepresentations that have been made respecting this ship by the Morning Ilercild and one or two other publications. The following official report of her various capabilities, signed by her captain, commander, master, and carpenter, is a perfect refutation to the calumnious statements put forth by these papers against her.— HER MAJESTY'S SIIIP ALBION. A report of the sailing and other qualities of this ship, ascertained under various circumstances, and from strict observations, between the Ist of January, 1844, and the 31st of December, 1844. The draught of water which was estimated by the constructor to be her best trim?—Forward...23 ft. Aft 24 The draught of water found on trial to be her best sailing trim; with three months' provisions and stores on board ?—Forward... 23 ft. Aft ... 24 ft. 2 i n . The draught of water found on trial ,to he her best sailing trim, s‘ith as much iruvision on board as she can conveniently stow ?—Forward... 23 ft. 5 in. Aft The rake of her masts from a perpk-ndieular ?-- Foremast..... in. in a fathom. Mainmast ... 1 1 ditto. Mizenmast 11 ditto. The necessary quantity of iron ballast for her ? Thirty tons. The quantity of water she stows in her fore and main holds ?-396 tons in iron tanks. 18 tons in casks. 414 Her draught of water with three months' provisions and stores on board ?—Forward 23 ft. Aft Height of ports with three months' provisions and stores on board ?—Midship port, 6 ft. 9i in. Draught of water with as much provisions and stores on board as she can conveniently stow ?—Forward 23 ft. 5 in. ; Aft 24 ft. 7 in. Height of ports, with as much provisions and stores on board as she can conveniently stow ?—Midship port, 6 ft. 6 in. How many days of the following articles can she con veniently stow for her complement of men ? Provisions 6 months. Spirits Water Coals 8 ditto How armed ?—On lower deck 28 guns, 32-pounders, 56 cwt., 9 ft. 6 in. in length ; and 4 guns, 68-pounders, 65 cwt., 9 feet in length. Main deck, 26 guns, 32- pounder, 56 cwt., 9 ft. 6 in., and 6 guns, 68-pounders, G 5 cwt., 9 feet. Quarter deck, 16 guns, 32 pounders, 42 cwt., 8 ft. 6 in. ; and 2 guns, 68-pounders, 56 cwt., 8 feet. Forecastle, 8 guns, 32-pounders, 42 cwt., 8 ft. 6 in. Does she ride easy at her anchors ?—Very easy. Inclination of the ship ?—Under storm stay-sails or try-sails, 3 degrees ; under storm stay-sails and main topsail, 3 degrees ; under storm stay-sails and reefed fore-sail, 31 degrees ; under close -reefed topsails and courses, 4 degrees ; under treble-reefed topsails and courses, 4 degrees ; under double -reefed topsails and top-gallant sails, 4 to 5 degrees ; under all sail except royals, 3} to 4 degrees ; under all sail when just able to carry ro,yals, 3 degrees. How does she carry her lee ports?—Very well. Does she roll easy or uneasy in the trough of the sea? She rolls quick, not uneasy. Does she pitch easy?—Very easy indeed. Is she, generally speaking, an easy or uneasy ship ? Easy, though quick in her motions. How does she generally carry her helm by the wind, with all sail set, with treble-reefed top-sails and courses? —One-half to three-quarters and one turn awealha. How does she steer off the wind?—Withthree months' provisions very easy. How does she stay ?—Like a cutter. How does she wear?—Very quick. Is she weatherly or leewardly, compared with other ships in moderate weather?—Very weatherly. Is she weatherly or leewardly, compared with other ships in a gale?—The same. How does she' behave lying to?—Very well. She has run by the log with as much wind as she could carry the following sail to : Close hauled with smooth water, under whole or single reefed topsails and top-gallant sails, 8 knots 6 fathoms; under double-reefed topsails, 10 knots 2 fathoms; close hauled, with a head sea, under double-reefed topsails and top-gallant sails, 7 knots 4 fathoms ; wind abeam, under treble-reefed topsails and courses, 12 knots 4 fathoms ; under double-reefed topsails and top-gallant sails, 13 knots; in moderate weather, unable to carry royals, 11 knots 2 fathoms; in moderate weather, with all sail set, 11 knots 6 fathoms; wind on the quarter, in a gale, 12 knots; in moderate weather, with royals and studding sails, 10 knots ; before the wind, in a gale, 11 knots ; in moderate weather, with all sail set, 10 knots 6 fathoms. How does she scud in a heavy gale?—Very well. What is her best point of sailing?—Wind abeam. Comparative rate of sailing with other ships?—Very superior. Is she, generally speaking, a well-built and strong ship, or does she show any symptoms of weakness?— Very strong. Has the ship been ashore, or has she struck the ground, at any time during the period of this report ? If she has, mention the time and place, and the date of the report of the circumstance, and to whom made ? No. NICHOLAS LOCKYER, Captain. W. W. CHAMBERS, Commander. S. G. J. NORTCOTE, Master. W. SEWELL, Carpenter. Dated Jan. 1, 1845. ROYAL MARINES. WOOLWICH, JAN. 28.—A general court-martial, com posed of the following members:—Colonel Mercer, Royal Marines, President; Lieut. -Colonel Powell, Royal Marines; Major Andrews and Major Armstrong, Royal Artillery; Captain Phillips, Royal Marines; Captain Dupuis, Captain Grant, and Captain Frazer, Royal Horse Artillery ; Lieut. M'Killop, Lieut. Congden, Lieut. Fraser, Lieut. Marriott, and Lieut. Louis, Royal Marines, assembled at eleve❑ o'clock A.m. to-day, in the officers' mess-room of the Royal Marines, in the west square of the Royal Artillery Barracks, Woolwich; Lieut. and Adjutant Varlo officiating as Deputy Judge- Advocate. On the opening of the court, the following charges were preferred against Sergeant Zechariah Baker 36th company of the Royal Marines:— First Charge —For disgraceful conduct in having, at Woolwich, between the Ist of November, 1844, and the Bth of January, 1845, embezzled or fraudulently misapplied, or caused or suffered to be embezzled or fraudulently misapplied, certain sums of public money, as hereinafter stated, intrusted to his care, for distribu tion in payment, or to be otherwise accounted for by him in his capacity as pay-sergeant of the second grand di vision, or third and fourth parade companies of the Woolwich division of Royal Marines, and fur which the said sergeant was receiving a pecuniary allowance from Government, in addition to his military pay, the said sums of money being more or less as follows :- 1. By amount overdrawn on pay-bill of third parade-' company for December, 1844, 91. 4s. 7fd. 2. By amount overdrawn on pay-bill of tho fourth parade company for December, 1844, 121. 9s. 3d. 3. By amount overdrawn on pay-bill of the third pa • rade company from the Ist to the 7th of January, 1845, inclusive, a lis. 4. By amount overdrawn on pay-bill of the fourth parade company from the Ist to the 7th of January, 1845, inclusive, 81. Is. 4 qcl. 5. By arrears overdrawn for Dec., 1844, 1/. 12s. 6. By cash received from Sergeant William Johnson, of 36 M company, on account of division, and not re turned to paymaster, 11. 10s. 7. By amount of stoppages supplied between the 30th of November, 1844, and the Bth of January, 1845, 121. 6s. I lid. 8. By cash received from private Philip Dailey, 32d company, and private John Hicks, 24th company, for the purchase of slops and not accounted for, 2/. 19s. :id. 9. By cash received from private John Clark, 28th company, for slops issued to him, and the amount not credited to the quarter-master, li. 15s. Id. Second Chaige—For having, at Woolwich, on or about the 7th of January, 1845, when the accounts of the second grand division were called for by the Paymaster, absented himself from his duty without leave, and con tinued to be so absent until on or about the 10th of the same month, when he re appeared and was placed in confinement. The whole of the witnesses were examined to•day, but it would be premature to give the proceedings until the decision of the Court is promulgated in orders. ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH ON THE SOUTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. The first trial of the electric telegraph on this line, constructed by Messrs. Cooke and Wheatstone, the pa tentees, for the joint use of thu Admiralty and the South- Western Railway Company, between Nine Elms and Gosport, a distance of 88 miles, took place on Friday last. Several of the Directors of the Company and scientific gentlemen were present .on the occasion. On hearing that the suspension of the conducting wires was completed, Mr. Cooke left London by the three o'clock train, and stopped at Bishopstoke, 72 miles. He then proceeded by the next train, and the hour was occu pied in carrying the wires into the office at Gosport, on the branch line ; so that it was only at a before ten o'clock that, all things being ready, , obtained, mhien ue minutes of f patched anxiety the elapsed first signal before to L e a n a d y o n . r o F pl o; r wasor file when his assistanti a n ving London esxicouep before sedhis the fire!inatten tion on the ground of having The signals passed with the utmost precision, and a long conversation passed with his London correspondent over the intervening distance of 88 miles. Confidence in the system of insulation was thus preyed ; the experiment never having been before tried until 72 miles were com pleted, when the apparatus was applied at Bishopstoke about a fortnight back. Directions to his London assistant to start for Gosport by the first morning's train s closed the correspondence for th e night. Professor Wheatstone abouts()r Wheatstone joined, by appointment, at Dine-elms, an d s o e and Gosport.signals t t h w e e i l r ve ti n ig e h x t t m be o t r w ni e lg e l n , London Wheatstone's experiments no perceptible time was occu pied in transmission. Among many others the following inquiries and answers, preceded by the ringing of the alarum, occupying about four minutes, were made at the request of one of the company's officers:—" Q. Have you any mackerel fur to-night's goods train ? A. No, they can not catch them now. Q. Why not? A. Because the nights are moonlight, and the fish see the net." Other com munications respecting the shipping took place. Subse quently the professor's new magneto-electric telegraph was brought into a long circuit of wire, and worked to KILLING NO MURDER. (From the Church and State Gazette.) • By the publication of the pamphlet so named, the hardy usurper of the Government of England is known to have been frightened to death. The lite rary ammunition of the French Jesuits has worked an infinitely worse fate upon M. Villemain, the late Minister of Instruction. It has robbed him of his reason. His sallow, grimly -smiling foes may re joice that they have for ever crippled one of the stout est, and, withal, one of the fairest opponents that their superstition had ever encountered, or had to contend with in France generally; and since the pending struggle between the University and the Government in particular. Our readers are aware that this struggle is for the management of the education of the people. The clergy wish it to be entirely surrendered to the Jesuits ; the University claims a certain share for itself; but it is willing to allow a freedom of choice, and to leave to parents the liberty of educating their children as may seem most fit to them. The Jesuits will have everything or nothing—and they charge the University with teaching infidelity. The latter stand firm by their more moderate pretensions, deny the charge of infidelity, and fling in their accusers ' teeth the accusation of falsifying religion, exalting superstition, and t eac hi ng a lie. Both sides have some foundation for their respective charges, and therefore we contemplate eith er p ar t y b u t with indifferent in terest; and we should probably have left them to con tinue, unnoticed, their internecine war, but for the record we have to make of the fall, on the side of the University, of the most honest man in the two con tending factions. We regret to hear that there are no hopes of his recovery. M. Villemain, though what is called a good Ro manist, was nevertheless, as we have said, a bitter foe of that ultra-party in his Church which is striving to revive a new superstition, and to give life and power to a long syncopized tyranny. This party, in spite of the decree of banishment fulminated against them in 1830, not only have settlements in France, but have been quietly allowed by their ecclesiastical su periors to assume the direction of the theological in struction throughout the kingdom. In endeavouring to add to this the uncontrolled direction of general education, they have well nigh made shipwreck of their projects; but they may be said to have sold their disgraces dearly by the destruction of such an enemy, as they found ever active and daring before them, in the person of M. Villemain. This gentleman had reason to think that his life was in danger; and, though his suspicions were ridi culed, and his fears laughed at, yet the excitement caused by the proofs which he held of the good foun dation for his fears, added to that arising from intense application to the duties of his office, and to domestic trials of an unusually grievous nature, became too much for his strength, he sank into " turbulent and dangerous lunacy, and became a fearful spectacle to men, " Who saw his aoble and most sovereign reason, Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune, and harsh." The cry of his enemies at this spectacle is something like in words, as it is in sincerity, to the speech of the royal assassin to the ghost of the victim whose death he had compassed rather than executed. " Thou can'st not say that we did it!" is their sullen shout of defiance, when the eye of an accusing man falls upon them. Neither do the public, nor do we, charge them with the crime, directly. But that they have been the remote cause of so terrible a result is as clear as it is incontestable. And not so remote either. We need not go so far back as the age of Clement and Ravaillac to show that the Jesuits teach, encourage, and reward public and private assassination. We need not refer to the accusing " Provinciales" of Pascal ; nor to the theory of the duty of manslaughter inculcated by Mariana ; nor to any, even modern revelations, of the past deeds of a society so " damned to everlasting fame." The sensitive mind of M. Villemain would probably have been but slightly affected by these things, but that he was aware that the class books of the Jesuits, published for the instruction of the young of our own day, inculcate principles subver sive of all good, and show how murder may be not only expedient, but moral. For our own parts we desire to have nothing fur ther to do with the question, than to show that that order of men, for whose lawfill and public appearance in the field of Irish agitation Mr. O'Connell is so anxious, and even " his Grace, my Reverend Lord" Dr. Murray is scarcely less so, are at this hour teach ing that the commission of crime may be a virtue, and ,that things condemned of God may be legalised in the immoral code of man. To do this, we need only state that we have seen passages quoted from a work which will amply estab- lish all that we have advanced. This work is entitled " Institutiones Philosophicte ad usum Collegiorum et Seminariorum Auctore J. B. Bourier, Episcop6 Cenomanensi. Sexta Editio. Parisiis, 1841." We only request our readers to observe the date of this book, the episcopal authority under which it is given to the world, and the establishments for which it has been expressly composed. Then let them remember that Louis Phi lippe is looked upon by the Jesuits as an usurper, and Henri of Bordeaux as their lawful Prince ; and, with this memory upon them, let them read the following passage without indignation, if they can "Faithful subjects are bound to obey their legiti mate prince" (the Due de Bordeaux ?) " as far as yp A ho t iul t r h phr e te he demands their obedience and thinks it useful ; for they are not, by the mere fact of usurpation, looeed al f sg ro las m ifnusl t t h p e rt i ih r nec o e a : t s h uca o pf f eorre,s,aid(L allegiance. to take i t t e a e k , i e o b f a armsttthlee t i s h with him, conquer, and expel him, if they can. And more, they ought to put him to death privately (or) as a public malefactor, if the lawful prince expressly orders it." Such' is a single passage ; and, as if it were not sufficiently explicit in making murder easy to the meanest capacities, an author, under the soubriquet of " Un Solitaire," writes a commentary upon assassina tion ; recommending the theory as one palatable to all men, though some may hypocritically deny it ; and advertise s hi s " Killi ng no Murder,' on the ohurcla doors of the French metropolis! We have seen passages of even greater atrocity than the above, cited in foreign as well as in Engli s h publi cations. But we forbear to reproduce them here, in the hope of having leisure to consult the original works, and to be enabled to show from them that the civil assassins of Thuggism have a corresponding brotherhood in the religious murderers of Jesuitry. UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.—The Sailian Professor of Astronomy proposes to begin a course of elementary lectures on Thursday next, the 30th instant, at two o'clock. Gentlemen desirous of attending are requested to call upon the Professor on Tuesday, the 28th instant, between the hours of one at.d three;.—New Coll%e•lane, Jul, 25, 1845. ---- --- perfection thro ug h 28 8 mi l es. The apparatus dispenses with the batteries altogether, a steel magnet being the source of power. The Admiralty are to have a pair of there machines, and a pair of Wheatstone's pointing telegraphs for their distinct use. For railway purposes Mr. Cooke p re f ers h is " two needle telegraph," and in this opinion Professor Wheatstone agrees, as its rapid colloquial questions and answers character is perfectly adapted for railway exigencies. There is a good deal of pt.inting to be done on the line, which will require fine weather and some days to complete. As soon as that is done the apparatus will again be worked, and two wires placed at th'i command of the Lords of the Admiralty; the other two, with the branch telegraph to Southampton, will remain in the Company's hands for their own railway purposes and the use of the public The result of Friday night's experiments were considered rather unsatisfactory, as the state of the weather was most unfavourable to insulation, the pests thoroughly wet, and the wires strung with myriads of drops of water, sparkling like gems. The following day was fine, and though the points of connexion were all wet, nevertheless the insulation was excellent. With the last experiment Mr. Cooke is prepared to accept a challenge to lay down a telegraph from London to Fal mouth, Liverpool, or Edinburgh, without any inter mediate stages. The last practical difficulty is overcome by the present system of insulation, and Mr. Wheatstone need only add a letter folding and sealing apparatus to his printing machine to prepare the communications for the Post-office. This is the result of Messrs. Cooke and IVheatstone's invention, after eight years' perseverance, and it would be idle to suppose that the commercial world will long neglect the power this invention is capable of conferring on the commercial capitals of Great Britain, by laying their closer contiguity as regards their commercial intelligence and transactions, seeing that by it may be made known on 'Change, at Liverpool, or in London, every fluctua tion of price and every bargain in stock or shares, within two minutes of the transaction being closed in either place. The entire cost of the telegraph between London and Portsmouth, is 24,0002, to be paid in equal propor tions by the Admiralty and the Company, and negotia tions are being entered into with Government for laying down sections of it en the Chester and Holyhead line, now in course of construction. On Tuesday, at the annual conversazione of the Society of Arts, the ap paratus was exhibited, worked by Mr. Cooke and Mr. Rowland, his assistant. In the course of conversation Mr. Cooke stated that the invention, by a sight modification of the symbols, might be adapted to an almost endless variety of uses : that by means of the galvanic process conversations might be sustained unin terruptedly between Liverpool and London, that musical compositions might be transmitted with exactitude from one place to another, and that even games of chess might be conducted between players in two distant districts. On Tuesday, the words " Liverpool" and " Adelplai" were described by the manipulate on the dial, and tele graphed by means of the wires, to an assistant operator at the other end of the room, who immediately an nounced the import of the communication. In cases where express accounts of public events are required, the invention promises to be invaluable, since it is calcu lated by the patentee that were a telegraph to be laid down between Liverpool and London, accurate reports of speeches might be transmitted from either place, and be put in type and circulated long before any express train could possibly make its arrival. ___