The Sun. — London, England, 1844-12-11 00:00:00

rain LPN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVEN e tit °St wir , I MENTS IN THE MARSH ES DEC. 10.—Lieut.-Colonel Dancey. C. 8., l ery -h et Chalrner, A ss i s tant Director-General of ti'elg: r ld a number of officers, attended at half-past io n Yesterday in the 11Iarshes, to witness the con , tis c'f th e experiments with ex tra char g es of a orbs at a greater distance than point blank tin i t , were interrupted by the number of vessels W ue river opposite the p r actice ground on the ~e e tpe p e i c illi' sday. The tide being just on the turn - rlents were about to commence, the number soh e r'ssiog down the river were so great, and in succession to each other, that it was past ry . K. before a s ingle shot could be fired. I t er that hour an opportunity offering, three 'Te r , ° 0411 fired w i t h s h e ll s fitted with Mr. lkfarsh's 411ed ed of wood, and fitted with four copper ;re w ith meal powder, and attached with i u. r in: glue, over which a small piece of Pe was placed, sized with the same sub , tlic tea te a r tt additional protector, and the result was %II s 'ol, the 32-pounder shells and the 68-pounder striking the bulk head or target, and exploding Q ou l ede r Yby the force of the concussion. Th e first sh e s hell that was fired, and the 68-po , ' ttil et3s l3assi ng through the wooden bulkheai and it Pounder shell, on striking the object a gainst blike directed, at 600 yards' distance. The • g uns o e r , ll 2‘ r ged and supplied with two 32-po ander 11t.e7 68 -Pounder shell, fitted with fuze m, on Dansey's plan, and attached to the Ski o ; ed iately before firing, The 68 -plunder es 8 7, 11 ,0 f the 32-pounder shells burst inst;antan s fi rk - ,":ing. the bulkhead, with excellent effect, of ,V l rect, having entered the ground a few yards o f nte n -. 1 5 target, did not explode u ntil the expira ti of Peonds the period required to burn the full 4 ..ie tit ;ge fuzee. The experiments with Mr. Marsh's sd th e Colonel Dancey's fuzees have fully an ted e : a x Peetations and end of the invent ors, and 44 of " er lee that they can be fired with .extra the i Powder, and still be perfectly safe .end free Th, eas t apprehension of danger to those using 11,;,,,f,, r ,, , e5he11s were then fitted with Mr. ' ryers's of brass or gun metal, with a groove in 1,191-Ivithin-e them to break by percussion ; but t hey all d L 'et ho e - Ls few yards of the -mouth of the gin is, an htill dred e " most dangerous to troops at t iffy or k et iervi, Yards in advance, and, consequently, unfit t in e i Mr. Tyers simply tried the experin sent to of tt l , it would be ossible to render the th0u ,11414 tirci. e k s e, fuzees lying in store in the Roy al Ar li, the i 7e in the new mode of shell practice, : 'aid he I veaq,: % ve with an easily fused metal, but h e must tOti on ` l led the fumes so much that they booke in Ik:iv p ; . ( ,' tiring and burst at the mouth of thee gun, k 7 4.3 in advance. The other wooden furt ms are tsPeri safe, and certain of effect, as the result of Isi xe ti ci leut ' has shown ; and by a coating of ntslrine ,with mi nera l p o i s on, in the opinion of Mr. tfZete,",° o Preserved for a long period from the " 41 er tropical climates, or the damps and' frosts '448 of the world. (1 6 4 :F RE ROYAL, DUBLIN_ I ‘ ; ll Th,Oed from the Dublin Evening Packet.) ts t rQ Pre "'Y evening last the tragedy of the Ga mester t b h e Z ti r t e . d, Mr. and Mrs. Kean supporting the re aLters of Beverley and Mrs. Beverleyr, and gow,, s _ it that of Stukely. Mr. C. Kean's pek-i!cunal Se ri c ,; tits are above those of his father, but stril anigly kt. }l itt c ' t ,, t hose of J. Kemble. Slight, neat, and se: treely "e middle height, his direction is plainly to the • li t tb t l 4 IL,„" the polished. His features declare at. the °is intellectual vigour and nervous iinrita f',,s eye discourses. lie is great in those debt.l -- in which his lather excelled.--in .) Hamlet especially—in Massinger's Sjr , . - ,Which he exhibits the same fe ar'ai r s ed vanquishes the obstacles nature has ii l s .rep at i him in Macbeth by the force of mind. haste n at once to that display of his ability esteemd we 't constitutes the supreme excel ttlf‘til:ti°l4f 4pi of part of Beverley. Here we hay" bi t t p oss e ,,_°f a talent which neither Kemble no , ; his 11 „,7 sed—the portraiture of domestic life--of , a %dek a Zile nature betrayed, deformed, and broug . at to be 11Z,tie. - ,,, 111 , and the last and most awful catastrop ktp..iighly as we have praised the performam ;e of 41:4,1 rasa tragedy, we are not afraid to award still t n i t Itc — ,?gY to that of Moore's. The attributes of. Mr. : the ' i ng in both were the same. The same ab sorp -114:444 641 : 11 . r e identity. But this grand distinction_ may Beverley one and the same fatal pession vi ttit4. s e tta - i ar Ying its shades only according to the g rada -I%b, Ph by which its indulgence overwhelmus r i e ts '4 5 7, p itt a roxysm follows paroxysm—remorse and re °°' t 3 s and passion, alternate in fearful sacees -ma at i d Vrly „ the conduct of these gradations the kti .4re t ,;%,t of the actor is displayed. Never, we will to th tlijb;: t Proa, has there been so powerful, so terrific „ 4 of t ' is "en of ruin and desperation as in the 111,‘ Of ' u e' third act, where, after the total destruc tilt r oo Zeverley' s last hope, he rushes from the of b."aball Of the gaming-house. We neve r witmessed . l o c ° ,utnent of all personal regards, suc h bursts di a Ni c. ,„ l4 ,e invective, such a blending of di s t o rtion and tu the features, such hoarse and horrifying th:tte r ,,tof tone and inflexion, such a conflict of the 4 11diZe emotions. The test was the sympathy of ttij l l iligh - ,,," e e, which not even this stormy vehemence in k slor'lit degree interrupted. The last effec is were % W ife, :touching. The scene, a prison—the persons, m tror ti i s later, and a friend—the incidents, a hope and ottladr,, Of happiness restored—the author and . the t elou - r tn r , e d by a despair so dread as even to forbid the ‘",.e of the wretche 1, appeal . to Divine mercy, tio i nk 4 lug the commission of suicide and closing in is t , 4 40 these in rapid evolution presented a combine th:lerably harassing yet of an interest so rivet t'ese we have never, to our recollection, seen— tithine or personally experienced an effect so awful. tl i ! ° Wit We r uaY add one peculiar trait. A medical man, B, l . ti t Tleed the performance, said to the writer of 4stlib,; e4e--- -` Kean must have watched the progress of so - ,,R °i son. It is utterly incredible that an imita tes b —,outely, so terribly accurate, could have been )4 4 ut f rom or 1.,7 will actual observation.' But enough— the var .x not need any recital of the other varieties. to4ltel wean we have no more to say, than that her v t lehi h delicate delineations of the tender and till lineaments of female character have stood and NPs t4 ti ll t (l ior le Jar above all challenge as they do above al' t% b 41 011 I 'ANDoRA.—The race of Brownies does no. 4 1 1 4 : 4 fu t ii t l el usivel to Scotland. In Normandy, this s community is or was (for utilitarianism has 14. 41 : - out the fairy folk from all their strongholds, and Ike' I's lads and lasses read penny magazines, and never sion\their labours lightened by any such sweet , * 4 81 ,1 k nown by the name of esprits servans. They 'lla:awarfs, but they worked far more unremittingly i. 11 1 - if" stalwart children of earth. They delighted the t eab;,l e oPations. They would share the labours o te app le .. at harvest time, help the maidens to gatherremain the the lads to garden—of course always r th% log I "isible to mortal eyes. They would bring winter % I 'reu ll • t il rlt Y cattle to the fold, and during the long P A t hey would come and sit amidst fishermen and 4 Pia b ili c, s t ma, and close the useful labours of the day by out - "g flax. When they depart, they fling a ball of flax di Window, and the thread unrolls its elt in an upward II th ", and ser ves as a railway to conduct them back re gions of the air. * hen 1 'ti., 1)3 IN THE RIVER NESS.—At this time, with ," Pages of our southern Contemporaries teem Ivalk'',, %luta of public meetings on the subjects of atteauaths, and other improvements, we would threct lieg;'" l , to the neglected state of the Islands in the very ' A w aere walks of unrivalled beauty lie almost at . our ea moors, but which, from the dilapidated condition they e w e e nuFcting bridges, are as u . napproachable if of th re situated in the wilds of Siberia, or in the midst h op e Great Desert of Africa. It is next to a miracle id our spirit e d townsmen coul d so l ong t o l era t e the ati tt,, de themselves from the pleasure of luxuri the t a mong the thickets spread over the islands, when lap amo unt of ti me requ i re d to transport them from the s z , e and streets to these umbrageous shades, would not th e ten minut es . Th e b r id ge on the Bught side of Wh at is brok en d own and ha lf. covere d w ith wa ter. ey e ;" will strangers think of us when they cast their tliffi,,°, ll our beautiful) wooded islands and find them as bithi s :,„t.of access as if the trees were covered with for who ? What will the multitudinous Sassenaich, .o ti7Pieye, girt:.6 our streets and climb our rugged mountains e aut umn, have to report of us when they repair to plain s of England, bearing in their mind's th e 1 „.. at the sweetest scene around the very capital of ta le iiNhlands is allowed to lie waste and desert, from 414ewarianess and inactivity of our inhabitants ? gi;gese Courier. pet) Robert Peel's fourth son, Mr. John Floyd ti~pl e 4 • . _Just enter e d th e S co t s Fusilier Guards as 11141 Lieutenant, FUNERAL of the LATE PRINCESS SOPHIA MATILDA. The funeral procession of her late Royal Highness the Princess Sophia Matilda arrived at St. George's Chapel at twenty minutes past eight o'clock yester day evening, its approach being announced by the mi litary band playing the Dead March in " Saul." The Earl Delawarr, Lord Chamberlain of her Ma jesty's Household, and Sir Charles Young, Garter King of Arms, received the royal corpse at the en trance of the Chapel, where also'a number of the ladies and gentlemen who formed part of the procession, and the Dean and Canons of Windsor, were assembled. The procession moved down the south aisle, the choir singing, " I am the resurrection and the life." (Croft.) After the Pages of her late Royal Highness came the medical attendant of the Princess, Mr. W. F. Wattsford ; Colonel Berkeley Drummond, Groom in Waiting to the Queen ; Captain Francis Seymour, Groom in Waiting to Prince Albert; the Earl of Hardwicke, Lord in Waiting to the Queen ; and Lord George Lennox, Lord in Waiting to Prince Albert. The Choir of Windsor. The Canons of Windsor. The Dean of Windsor. The Lord Chamberlain of her Majesty's Household, having on his right Sir William Martins, Gentleman Usher, and on his left Sir Noel Harris, Gentleman Usher. The Coronet of her Royal Highness, on a black velvet cushion, borne by Sir Archibald Murray, Bart. Thy Body, covered with a black velvet pall, and adorned with eight escutcheons of her late Royal Highness's arms. The Pall, supported at the feet by Mrs. George Banks and Mrs. Morier, and at the head by the Hon. Mrs. Henry Legge and the Hon. Mrs. William Cust; Sir Charles Young, Garter Principal King of Arms, carrying his sceptre and wearing his badge of office, supported on each side by a Gentleman Usher. The Chief Mourner, the Countess of Gainsborough, veiled, her train borne by Miss Waldegrave, veiled. The Countess was supported on the right by Lady Gardiner, veiled, and on the left by the Hon. Mrs. Brand, veiled. The Executors and Executrixes named in the will of her late Royal Highness :—The Hon. H. Legge, Mr. George Bankes, Cursitor Baron, the Lady Alicia Gordon, and Miss Cotes. The Ladies invited :—Lady Georgiana Bathurst, Lady in Waiting on the Duchess of Gloucester; Lady Fanny Howard, Lady in Waiting on the Duchess of Kent; Lady Caroline Murray, and Miss Vyse. The Gentlemen invited :—Sir John Morillvon Wilson, of the Queen Dowager's Household ; Baron Knesebeck, Equerry to the Duke of Cambridge ; Colonel Sir George Couper, Bart., first Equerry to the Duchess of Kent ; the Hon. Captain Liddell, first Equerry to the Duchess of Gloucester; Lord Wrottesley, Captain Fead, R.N., the Hon. Major Legge, the Hon. Captain Waldegrave, the Hon. and Rev. Charles Leslie Courtenay, and the Rev. Mr. Cotes. The procession passed up the nave into the choir, where the coffin was placed upon the tressles, the feet towards the altar , and the coronet and cushion laid upon the coffin. The Chief Mourner and sup porters, the Lord Chamberlain, Garter,King of Arms, and the Executors, taking their respective places ; the Ladies seating thetnselves on the south side, and the Gentlemen opposite, with the exception of the Lord and Groom in Waiting, who took their stations be hind the Ladies. The Burial Service commenced ' • the Psalms chanted were Purcell's sin g le chant in G minor. The Dean of Windsor read the lesson, after which the choir sang the anthem, " When the ear heard her, then it blessed her ; she delivered the poor that cried."—(Handel.) After which the procession moved to the grave, when the choir sang " Man that is born of a woman," the verse by Purcell, " Thou knowest, Lord, the secrets of our hearts." The Dean of Windsor read the prayer, " Forasmuch as it hath pleased Almighty God." The choir then sang " I heard a voice from Heaven" (Croft). The Dean of Windsor read " the Lord's Prayer, and afterwards t he prayer, Al mighty God, with whom do live the spirits." buried in peace, but her name liveth evermore" (Handel). The Dean of Windsor then concluded the service by the two final prayers.—Garter then proclaimed her late Royal Highness's style. At the conclusion of the service Dr. Elvey, who presided at the organ, played the Dead Alarch in " Saul." The body was deposited in the vault near the Sovereign's stall. His Royal Highness Prince Albert attended the mournful ceremony, and sat in his stall. The Prince wore the uniform of a Field-marshal, with the ensigns of the Most Noble Order of the Garter and the Golden Fleece, and a mourning scarf. The Marquis of Exeter, Groom of the Stole, and Major-General Sir Edward Bowater, Equerry, were in waiting on his Royal Highness. The ceremony was concluded at half-past nine. COURT CIRCULAR. The Queen and Prince Albert, and their illus trious visitors, took their usual walks at Claremont yesterday and on Monday. The Prince left Clare mont yesterday afternoon, a tt e nded by Sir Edward Bowater, for Windsor astle, to attend the funeral of her late Royal Highness the Princess Sophia Matilda. Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales and the Princess Royal were taken their airings yester day and on Monday at Claremont. A deputation from the Dublin and Drogheda Rail way and Dublin and Belfast Junction Railway, con sisting of Mr. Henry Hutton, Mr. Wm. Evans, Mr. Robert Hutton, Mr. D. Darbishire, Sir J. Macneill, and Mr. Peter Eckersley, had an interview with Lord Dalho y usie esterday, at the office of the Board of Trade. Colonel Brownlow t ransac ted business yesterday with Lord Dalhousie. The Marquis of Downahire, and a deputation from the Newry and Enniskillen Railway Company, had an in with Lord Dalhousie yesterday. LITERATURE. BRITISH AND FOREIGN REVIEW. No. 35, Taylor, London, 1844. The qualifications of M. Eugene Sue—the author of the " Mysteries of Paris," which have created such an unprecedented sensation on the Continent—as a moralist, and a writer of fiction, are ably discussed in this Number. The Reviewer, who is no admirer of M. Sue, but who does not condemn without giving reasons for the faith that is in him, asserts that he is one of the most immoral and dangerous writers of the modern French school of fiction, and alluding, in particular, to his " Mysteries of Paris," says, " The work has now found its way into thousands of English houses—thanks to its amazing popularity — thanks also to its almost unparalleled immorality. No one has denounced it as a bad and execrable book ; the consequence has been, that no one has thought it bad. Its licentiousness, its hideous pic tures of civilised depravity, its bold attacks ohave n exist ing society, and its outrage of existing laws, al been relished ; the feverish excitements which the book produces on most readers, has been openly in dulged, and openly proclaimed." This is severe censure, but from the extracts we have seen from the notorious work in question, we incline to think it is by no means undeserved. But a reckless disregard of all moral and religious considerations seems to be the chief c haracteristics of the modern French novelists, who, provided that they can make a deep impression on their readers' feelings, care not by what means that impression is produced. The " Late Revolution in Greece" is a summary of the principal political events that have taken place in that ill-fated country since the accession of the Bavarain Otho to the throne, and is penned by one who is familiar with the subject on which he expatiates, and who takes a deep interest in the welfare of the Greeks. "Educa tion in India" advocates the introduction of a general system of instruction among the inhabitants of that vast continent, as being the surest means to prevent dissaffection, and attach the people t The o article is written in a very frank, temperate, and liberal spirit. In the critical essay on the "Faust of Goethe and Marlowe," the Reviewer greatly underrates the talents of the old English dramatist, the conclusion of whose play of Doctor Faustus is unquestionably more imressive than any scene to be found in Goethe's Faust. On the wylole, the Number is a good, but by no means, a superior one. THE SMITHFIELD CLUB, CHRISTMAS CATTLE SHOW. `, The annual show of oxen, sheep, pigs, &c., exhi bibited for the prizes given by this club opens to-day to the public at the Horse Bazaar, King-street, Port man-square. Yesterday the judges, Messrs. Worth ington, Ladds, Franklin, Morris, Farncomb, and Crisp, were employed in examining the numerous animals in the stalls and pens, and in deciding upon their respective merits. The award of prizes is sub joined. The arrangements, under the superintendence of Mr. Bulnois, the proprietor of the bazaar, are such as will insure.universal satisfaction. Notwithstanding the greatly increased number, both of oxen and sheep, exhibited, as compared with former years, room and accommodation:have been found for all, and sufficient space is also left for those who go to inspect or view them to do so without inconvenience or being crowded. The ventilation is excellently contrived, and the. enormous temporary building under which the 'stock are disposed, being of tent cloth, is much Letter adapted for a purpose of this sort than a wooden building would be, because, whilst it suffi ciently protects from the weather, it enables the vapour arising from the animals to escape without being in any way offensive. Tne arrangements for lighting are also good ; indeed, the whole is entitled to praise, and has, it is understood, met the approba tion of Lord Spencer, the president, and the mem bers of the club. The show this year surpasses both in numbers and the quality of the things exhibited any former years. The Leicester sheep and the Southdown sheep are of the first quality, and the oxen and cows are many of them very superb specimens. The pigs are also good. It will be seen that his Royal Highness Prince Albert has obtained the second prize for pigs. His Royal Highnsss has also sent a remarkably fine polled ox, of the Scotah breed, which has been highly com mended by the judges, although it has not obtained a prize. Lord Spencer has not been so successful as in some former years, though he has obtained a prize. The Duke of Bedford has obtained several prizes, and the Duke of Richmond is also amongst the winners. The implements of husbandry and the other things connected with husbandry are more than usually numerous. The following is the list of the prizes and the names of the winners : OXEN. Class I.—Oxen or steers of any breed, under 5 years old, without restrictions as to feeding, yet the kind or kinds of food must be certified. Mr. John Hudson, of Castle-acre, near Swaffham, Norfolk, a 3 years and 10 months old Hereford ox, bred by Mr. John Longmore, of Orlton, near Leominster, and fed on grass, hay, swedes, linseed-cake, and man gold-wurzel. Travelled to the show by van 100 miles. —Second prize, 151. Mr. T. L. Meire, of Cound Arbor, near Shrewsbury, Shropshire, a 3 years and 11 months old Hereford ox, bred by himself, and fed on cake, pea and barley-meal, boiled barley, grains, grass, hay, turnips, and mangold wurzel. Travelled to the show on font 2 miles, by van 7 miles, canal-boat 50 miles, and by railway 100 miles. — Third prize, 101. Mr. Robert Smith, of Burley-on-the-Hill, near Oak ham, Rutland, a 3 years and 114 months old improved short-horned steer, bred by himself, and fed on oilcake, barley and bean-meal, vegetables, and hay. Travelled to the show by van 20 miles, and by railway 100 miles. —First prize, 201., and silver medal. Class 2.—Oxen or steers, of any breed, under 6 years old, weight 90 stone and upwards, that shall not have had cake, corn, meal, seeds, grains, or distillers' wash, during 12 months previous to the Ist of August, 1844. Mr. James Bult, of Kingston, near Taunton, Somerset, a 4 years and 10 months old short-horned steer, bred by himself, and fed on hay, grass, swede turnips, 3001 b. of flax-seed, 5 bushels of peas, 11 bushels of barley, and 9 bushels of beans. Travelled to the show on foot 5 miles, and by railway 163 miles.—First prize, 301., and silver medal. _ _ _ _ Sir John Henry Palmer, Bart., of Carlton, near Rockingham, Northampton, a 4 years and 2 months old Durham ox, bred by himself, and fed on grass, hay, turnips, carrots, mangold-wurzel, cabbage, 1,5451 b. of oilcake, and 4351 b. of bean•meal. Travelled to the show by van 25 miles, and by railway 60 miles.—Third prize, 101. Mr. J. T. Senior, of Broughton house, near Ayles bury, a 4 years and 8 months old Hereford ox, bred by Mr. James Nash, of Aconbury, near Hereford, and fed on grass, hay, 9601 b. of oilcake. Travelled to the show on loot 4 miles, and by railway 43 miles.—Second prize, 20/. Mr. W. Bennett, of Lewsey Farm, near Dunstable, Bedfordshire, a pen of three 21 months old Down and Leicester cross wethers, bred by himself.— Second prize, 5Z Mr. C. Tomson, of Sundon, near Luton, Beds, a pen of three 21 months old Southdown and Gloucester cross wethers, bred by himself.—First prize, 101, and silver medal. "ES, ISLE OF WIGHT. k10(/5014 OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) 61, 4 —Arrived, the Danish galliot Flora, Captain 11.0111 Newport (Wales), for Hamburgh ; also, z; i ( ) rtri an , galliot Rena, Captain Holland, from 1 4tt e p c " 'laying received considerable damage, and t k i • lost one man, from coming in contact, at five ill!, the morning of the 9th inst : and the Dutch N t :'gt Susanna Hendrika, of and from Amsterdam, ot li ,: iia ,`„ to repair damag es, having been foul of a "le North Sea, nam e unknown, which, it is gi o Tindered with all he hands. The ship has a :i t s hoP and several other g entlemen on board. 41 be John Moore, Esq., has left his beautiful Reindee r , to Spencer de Horsey, Esq. ,‘ / !'„. II, TE RAILWAY ACCIDENT pc :OTTINGHAM—ANOTHER DEATH. ' ' H AI% TUESDAY, DEC. 10.—Another of the reit h v i the recent awful collision on the Midland a Y,expired this morning. His name is Boles °lir he was landlord of the Three Horseshoes ed e D erby -road, in this town. The injuries he t,t, the moment of the accident N.ere compara . e 44l ' and up to Sunday last every hope was e ;of his complete restoration. On that day, tfc r 4 l: l 'Y unfavourable symptoms became apparent, [ "ngering in great agony about thirty hours, ot s : )li gh Coroner, M. Browne, E,q., has issued ' 4 evenn inquisition on the body, to sit at six itnitig. I, ne nt danger of another sufferer by the col lie i aki.oberts, of Leicester, a commercial traveller, 14, 44 'd of by the fo.ct, that a quart of brandy has ea t to to him e very day since the accident, th d eath from s h ee r exhaustion. It will be re that thi s su ff erer un d,orweut an amputation of ot i l ia other severe operaticos. e tria r sufferers are progressinz favourably. to °F Mr. Lightfoot, for ma, slaughter, is ex set. e °ratuence on Saturday next, before Mr. Jus- pursued, it was considered, in the year 1839, when Captain Hobson Was sent otit, that the difliCulties which had thits been created, could only be got rid of by ob taining from the natives their assent to the extension of the authority of the British Crown over New Zealand. Acting under the instructions he had received, Captain Hobson, therefore, immediately on his arrival in New Zealand, at the beginning of the year 1840, con cluded with a large number of the chiefs of the northern island a treaty, known by tht name of the treaty of Waitangi, by which, in return for their acknowledgment of British sovereignty, they were promised protection, and guaranteed in the possession of all lands held by them individually or collectively. The evidence laid before your Committee has led them to the conclusion that the step thus taken, though a natural consequence of previous errors of' policy, was a wrong one. It would have been much better if no formal treaty whatever had been made, since it is clear that the natives were inca pable of comprehending the real force and meaning of such a transaction ; and it therefore amounted to little more than a legal fiction, though it has already in practice proved to be a very inconvenient one, and is likely to be still more so hereafter. The sovereignty over the northern island might have been at once as sumed, without this mere nominal treaty, on the ground of prior discovery, and on that of the absolute necessity of establishing the authority of the British Crown for the protection of the natives themselves, when so large a number of British subjects had irregularly settled themselves in these islands as to make it indispensable to provide some means of maintaining good order amongst them. This was the course actually pursued with respect to the middle and southern islands, to which the treaty of Waitangi does not even nominally ext( nd ; and there is every reason to presume that, ing to the strong desire the natives are admitted to have entertained for the security to be derived from the protection of the British Government, and for the advantages of a safe and well regulated intercourse with a civilized people, there would have been no greater difficulty in obtaining their acquiescence in the assumption of sovereignty than in gaining their consent to the conclusion of the treaty; while the treaty has been attended with the double dis advantage, first, that its terms are ambiguous, and, in the sense in which they have been understood, highly inconvenient ; and next, that it has created a doubt which could not otherwise have existed, and which, though not, in the opinion of your Committee, well founded, has been felt, and has practically been attended with very injurious results, whether those tribes which were not parties to it are even now subject to the autho rity of the Crown. Your Committee have observed that the terms of the treaty are ambiguous, and in the sense in which they have been understood, have been highly inconvenient ; in this we refer principally to the stipulations it contains with respect to the right of property in land. The in formation which has been laid before us shows that these stipulations, and the subsequent proceedings of the Go vernor founded upon them, have firmly established in the minds of the natives notions, which they had then but very recently been taught to entertain, of their having a proprietary title of great value to land not actually oc cupied ; and there is every reason to believe that, if a decided course had at that time been adopted, it would not have been difficult to have made the natives under stand that, while they were to be secured in the undis turbed enjoyment of the land they actually occupied, and of whatever further quantity they might really want for their own use, all the unoccupied territory of the is lands was to vest in the Crown by virtue of the sove reignty that had been assumed. Your Committee have already mentioned, that it is one of the fundamental principles of colonial law and policy, which they believe to have been correctly laid down by Sir G. Gipps, that " the uncivilised inhabitants of any country have but a qualified dominion over it or a right of occupancy only ; and that until they esta blish aamongst themselves a settled form of government, and subjugate the ground to their own uses by the cultivation of it, they cannot grant to individuals not of their own tribe any portion of it, for the simple reason that they have not themselves any individual property in it." Unfortunately, the original instructions given to Captain Hobson, when he was sent out for the purpose of establishing British dominion in New Zealand, were not sufficiently precise upon this most important point. They contained directions as to the manner in which he was to proceed in purchasing land from the natives, and they did not (as your Committee think that they ought to have done) clearly lay down the rule that, sovereignty being established, all unoccupied lands would forth with vest in the Crown, and that, except in virtue of grants from the Crown, no valid title to land could be established by Europeans. This mode of framing the instructions seems to have led the first Governor into the error of acting throughout upon the assumption that no part of the extensive and unoccupied territory of New Zealand was to be considered as belonging to the Crown, or available under its authority for the purpose s of settlement, until first regularly sold by the natives. This is not indeed distinctly stated in the treaty of Wai tangi ; had it been so, this treaty would probably have been attended with less injurious consequences than it actually has been ; since in that case there can be little doubt that it would have been at once disallowed by her Majesty's Government ; at least it is clear that the treaty could not have been understood either by the Governor of New South Wales or by the Secretary of State, in the sense put upon it by Captain Hobson, since both ex pressed their approbation of it, though the former had previously laid down the very different principle upon this subject already quoted ; and the then Secretary of State, Lord John Russell, after he had received and ap proved of the treaty, adopted in the most formal and authentic manner the views of Sir George Gipps. By the advice of Lord John Russell, in the month of De cember, 1840, a charter passed the great seal, by which New Zealand was erected into a separate and inde pendent colony ; and this charter was transmitted, together with instructions under the royal sign manual, to the Governor, Captain Hobson. In this charter and instructions, " actual occupation and enjoyment" are clearly pointed out as alone establishing a right of property in land to the natives ; and the rule is laid down that all other lands must be considered as vested in the Crown, in virtue of the sovereignty that had been assumed, and that they must be dealt with accord ingly. The treaty of Waitangi (which had previously reached England and had been approved), it may there fore fairly be assumed, must, when this charter and the instructions which accompanied it were forwarded to the colony, have been understood as bearing a meaning not inconsistent with the terms in which they are couched. The lands held " collectively," of which the possession was guaranteed to the aboriginal inhabitants of New Zealand, must therefore, have been regarded as the lands actually occupied by them, and cultivated in common by a tribe, in the manner frequently practised, and the forests as those actually used for cutting timber. • This is the interpretation which, consistently with the ancient and acknowledged principles of colonial law as laid down by Sir George Gipps, and consistently also with the terms of the charter of the colony, and of the royal instructions to the Governor, ought to have been put upon the treaty ; had it been so, the most serious of the evils which have since arisen would have been avoided. If native rights to the ownership of land had only been admitted when arising from occupation, there would have been no difficulty in giving at once to the settlers secure and quiet possession of the land they re quired, an i they would thus have been able to begin without delay and in earnest the work of reclaiming and cultivating the unoccupied soil. The proceedings of the Commissioners appointed to inquire into the claims to land would also then have been short and simple; they would have had to inquire merely whether lands actually occupied by natives had been fairly sold to settlers by the occupants, and with respect to wild lands, whether Europeans claiming to have purchased them had done so at such a price, or had incurred such an expense in re spect of them, as to give to the supposed purchasers not a right to the lands (for they could not derive a title from parties who did not themselves possess one), but a claim on the consideration of the Crown to have granted to them as an indulgence more or less, according to circumstances, of the lands they had nominally pur chased. With respect to the New Zealand Company, as the extent of land to which they were entitled had been already settled by a special agreement with the Government and the award of Mr. Pennington, they would at once have been put in possession of all that very large proportion of the land on which they proposed establishing settlements which was previously wild and unoccupied ; and the question to be determined by the Commissioners would have reduced itself to that of whether those inconsiderable portions of land "actually occupied and enjoyed" by natives had been fairly sold by the occupants—a question the decision of which one way or the other would have been comparatively unim portant. To have proceeded in this manner, and to have as sumed at once all unoccupied land to belong to the Crown as a right inherent in the sovereignty, would have been attended with no sort of injustice to the natives, and would have been conducive to their real interests. The unoccupied land, previously to European settlement, was of no value to them; they were neither a pastoral people, nor one living, like the North American Indians, by the chase, and therefore requiring a great extent of country for their support ; they derived their chief subsistence from the produce of the soil and agriculture, rude as it was ; and, accor ding to the witnesses who have been examined by your Committee, hardly a thousandth part of the available land was thus made use of by them. A very different policy, with respect to ownership of land, has been pursued, and has been attended with very unfortunate results. Mr. Spain, who was sent out from this country by Lord J. Russell to investigate the claims to land of settlers in New Zealand, appears to have been furnished with no precise instructions as to the object of the intended inquiry, and the mode of con ducting it ; and as he, in common with the Governor and the other colonial authorities, adopted the conclu sion that no land could be considered as vested in the Crown, or in the New Zealand Company by virtue of an agreement with the Crown, which could not be shown to have been fairly purchased from the natives, there was begun a protracted and most unsatisfactory in quiry as to the nature of these purchases. It was im • post Able that the inquiry, having this object in view, could be of a different character, since, if the point to be de termined was the validity of purchases from the natives, it follows that it was necessary to ascertain not only the bona fide nature of the supposed sale, but also the title of the vendors to the property of which they claimed to dispose. The difficulty of arriving at any satisfactory conclusion upon either point was insuperable. The evi dence as to the reality of alleged sales was almost inva riably contradictory and confused, as might reasonably have been anticipated, considering what imperfect means of communication there were between the parties, and how little one of them understood the nature of such transactions. As to the title of the vendors, the case was still more hopeless. The evidence before your Com mittee, both oral and documentary, leads to the conclu sion that the natives of New Zealand, till they learned to do so from Europeans, attached no idea of value to unoccupied land, and that though they had some vague notions of certain circumstances (frequently connected their peculiar superstitio ns ) g ivin g p referable claims to particular tribes ever particular d i st ricts, y et, practi cally, the right by which territory was held was that of tho strongest. Yor Committee need hardly point out the manifest absurdity of atteu;ging to apply the no tices of English law, with respect lo laneis:;.! ...Propertyc to such a state of society, tied the utter fruitlessness an endeavour to disentangle the complicated Red con flitting claims set up by different tribes to wild land ; this inquiry having to be conducted by Europeans, igno rant both of the language of the natives , and of their barbarous and superstitious customs, on which the claims to lsnd very frequently depended. The policy adopted of entering into such an inquiry, and of acknowledging the claim of the natives to pay ment for the unoccupied lands, has had effects very in jurious to the interests both of the settlers and of the natives themselves. With respect to the settlers, by preventing them for so long a period from obtaining pos session by a secure title of the land they required for cultivation, it has given a most serious check to the pro gress of improvement, and very greatly retarded the arrival of the time when the colony would have been able to produce food enough for its own consumption, and also something to export in payment for the various supplies it requires from the mother country and from other quarters. To the natives this policy has been still more injurious ; it has created a strong feeling of irrita tion between them and the settlers, from the existence of which they cannot fail ultimately to be the chief suf ferers ; the large amount of property they have received in payment for land which was of no real use to them before, instead of being of permanent advantage to them, has been speedily and improvidently consumed, and has only served to excite in them the passion of cupidity, and to produce quarrels amongst themselves, which in one case at ast have broken out into open war. Even Mr. Clarke, the chief protector, who has insisted so much upon their obtaining a very high price for their land, has admitted that the " sudden affluence" to which , th >3,- have been raised has had " an unfriendly in fluence on their moral improvement." The worst con sequence of all, as it appears to your Committee, of the CO ITSC which has been pursued, is, that it has lowered the authority of the Government over the natives, and given rise, on their part, to claims which it is greatly to be feared they will not peaceably be brought to forego; and which yet cannot be allowed without the sacrifice of the principal means of promoting the advancement of the colony. We beg particularly to refer, in support of what we have now stated, to the long report of Mr. Spain, the Commissioner of Land Claims, dated the 12th of September, 1643, and to the dispatch of the acting Governor of the 30th of October, 1843, and its enclo sures. On reference to these documents it will be found that the effects attributed by your Committee to the policy which has been pursued are distinctly recog nised by those of the public servants in the colony by whom that policy has been chiefly maintained. It is also peculiarly deserving of remark, that precisely the same difficulties in establishing to the satisfaction of the na tives the validity of sales of land alleged to have been made by them, which, in the case of the settlements in Cook's Straits, have been attributed to the careless mode of proceeding adopted by the Company's agents have since been experienced to fully as great an extent with respect to purchases made on behalf of the Government in the northern part of the island by the Protector of Aborigines himself. In the letter of Colonel God frey (one of the Commissioners of Land Claims) of the 10th of February, 1843, will be found an account of the embarrassment created by the positive denial b the natives of the validity of a sale of land which Mr. Clark reported had been made to him, as agent to the Government, with every possible precaution, in the year 1840. If these and similar claims are rejected, we cannot but apprehend that, after the concessions already made, much dissatisfaction, if not resistance, is to be an ticipated from the natives ; on the other hand, if the claims are admitted, we see no security whatever that additional payments now made for land formerly sup.. posed to have been sold will give any permanent satis faction, and will not, on the contrary, serve as a stimulus to still more unreasonable demands hereafter, while, even if such payments should be final, we cannot but regard it as a great misfortune that large sums of money should be so applied. In Mr. Spain's report, already quoted, he estimates that from 5,0001. to 6,0001. will be required to compensate the natives for the blocks of land al ready surveyed by the servants of the New Zealand Com pany in the southern part of the northern island ; and, in making this estimate, it appenrs (though this is not, very clear), that he contemplates leaving them in pos session of the grounds they actually occupy. If this land is to be paid for at so high a rate, it is obvious that it will create in the minds of the natives an expectation that similar prices will be given for the land that will hereafter be required, and thus an enormous charge will be entailed upon the progress of future settlements. Whi.e we were considering our report, additional evi dence of the magnitude of this evil has been laid be- fore us. The land, it must be remembered, derives its only value from the application of European labour and capi tal ; whatever is paid for it to the natives must even tually be taken from the price paid for it by settlers, either to the Company or to the Government, and will be so much deducted from the fund, which ought to be most carefully husbanded and applied to the great pur poses of promoting emigration, and of meeting the first and pressing wants of a young settlement ; as, for in stance, the construction of roads and bridges, and the building and endowing of churches, schools, and hospi tals. For these purposes, in which the British settlers and the original inhabitants are equally interested, every shilling is wanted which the emigrant can afford to pay for land, without trenching too deeply on his available capital ; and it appears to your Committee to be equally contrary, both to real justice and to sound policy, that large sums of money should be taken from a fund de• voted to objects of such high importance, in order to be given to barbarous tribes, who at best will unprofitably squander what is so improvidently placed at their dis posal. Your Committee have found it necessary to enter more at length than we could have wished into the question, whether the ownership of unoccupied land ought to have been considered as vested in the Crown or in the native tribes, because, in our opinion, all the difficulties which have been experienced in the colonization of New Zealand are mainly to be attributed to the erroneous view of this question which has been taken by those to whose hands the powers of government have in these islands been committed. But, erroneous as they believe the policy hitherto pursued to have been, they are sen sible of the great difficulty which may now be expe rienced in changing it ; and, bearing in mind the great distance of these islands, and the consequent impossi bility of knowing what may be the state of affairs there, when any instructions that may be sent out shall reach the Governor, they are not prepared to recommend that he should be peremptorily ordered to assert the rights of the Crown as they believe them to exist ; all they advise is, that he should have clearly . explained to him what those rights are and the principles on which they rest, and should be directed to adopt such measures as he may consider best calculated to meet the difficulties of the case, and to establish the title of the Crown to all un occupied land as soon as this can be safely accomplished. He ought also, we conceive, to be directed to grant legal titles to the actual occupants of land, unless under special circumstances of abuse, requiring in those cases in which it may seem to be proper reasonable payment from the settlers for land so granted to them. (To be continued.) ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. This Society met on Monday last, Mr. Murchison President, in the chair. The paper of the evening was the Chevalier Schomburgk's account of his last expedition in British Guayana, viz., his route from Pirara to the Upper Cerentyu, and from thence to Demerara. This was rather a large volume than a paper, so that portions only could be read ; and as these will be continued at the next meeting, we re serve our report of Mr. Schomburgk's interesting explorations till then. We must, however, add, that the walls of the large room of the Society were lite rally covered with the beautiful drawings of Mr. Goodall, the artist of the expedition, and the splendid maps constructed by Mr. Schomburgk ; while on the tables were displayed about 150 more drawings, and a vast number of specimens of minerals and beauti ful woods, which latter might with much advantage be introduced into this country. Mr. Schomburgk was present, and, after answering many questions put to him by the President and members, said that, be fore leaving this country to return to his family after so long an absence (four years), he begged to express his warm gratitude to the Society, who had been the first to take him by the hand, and his assurance that he had done all in his power to render himself worthy of the encouragement he had received from it. It will be remembered that Mr. Schomburgk received the gold medal of the Society in 1840. TUE FRosT.—We gave warning, last Monday, to all wise and prudent housekeepers to lay in a stock of coals, as, frequently, dense fogs were the heralds of sharp and continued frosts ; unfortunately for the poor the snow of last Sunday and Monday still lies upon our fields and houses, and winter in his most grisly shape has laid his icy hand upon us ; this night week our frost commenced, and we see no likelihood of when we shall have a thaw. Our gutters are six inches thick with ice, the glass has been twelve below freezing point, the skaiters are looking everywhere for ponds, and furs and muffled forms are the order of the day. With all this the weather has been most cheering ; our days, with the blue skies above us, have wore more the appearance of a clear and exhilirating Canadian winter than anything we remember in Europe. And this, the first week in December ! Which of the young men of the day remem bers a similar early continuous frost ? During the eighteenth century it was common ; with the nineteenth winter delayed his visits generally to the new year, and often, as last season, forgot his urbanity all together. To what then are we indebted for this change ? Is it to the comets or the eclipses ? Whatever the cause, we hope the poor will not be forgotten.—Boulogne Gazette of Monday. TUE WEATHER.—The' change to frost, which we noticed on Thursday last, has continued since then with out intermission, and with increasing intensity. The thermometer on Thursday night indicated, in a northern exposure, 23 degrees—nine degrees below freezing—and has generally ranged from 25 to 30 degrees throughout the day. On Friday the ice on lluddingston Loch was so strong as to tempt some keen skaters to enjoy their favourite sport on the margins of the loch. Should th e frost continue, as it appeared to d o last night, the whol of this beautiful sheet of water will be safe for all skaters to-day. The change of weather, we perceive, i thes general —winter, though somewhat early, prevails over whole island. In this neighbourhood every description of out door-labour has been suspended for the last five or six days.—Ca/ecknian Mercury of Monday. THE ntOST AND THE PARKS. The frost during yesterday was considerably dimi eished in severity, but there Was by no means any ap pearance of a thaw. The thertreseneter at the Royal • - Humane Society's Receiving-house hi Byde-park, and at the Society's marquees in Regent's-park an mo d St. James's gto 30 t s 34 park, exhibited 30 degr ees earl y in the rning, but te. ascended between twelve and two o'clock s hi h delefeee . eet last. evening the mercur y reebeled degree., with the wind still N.E., but more calm. The degree., nd the barometer 30.4 , indicitellng itmosphere wits hazy , p , slight change. Woo round pond in Ken in good condition, The ice on the Long - k of the Long- singtonegardens was very strong em. and on them during the day the n'enibt...: of skaters was , had their upwards of 2,000. On the north ban water the Skating Club yesterday morni . l7s marquee erected, and several of the members s.. 'eated on the ice during the afternoon. No accidents, we are I.IrPT to ray, occurred. The ice in the centre of the Serpentine is not above two inches in thickness, and at the aides it is not near so thick. It is, therefore, still considered most danger ous. Notwithstanding, however, the numerous cautions given by the Royal Huma ne Bocie's icimen, ky 2,500 skaters ventured thereon, and the banks were thronged by respectably and fashionablysdreseed pe f rsons. ee The drive on the north side ex hibited also a very aires, display of fashionable equipages, considering the state of . the weather and the advanced period of the year. One accident only occurred during the day, and that I,ook, place about ten minutes to three o'clock, when a mail named William Somers, who was engaged on the north bank of the Serpentine at the east end in cutting the ice fur removal to the ice-wells of Buckingham Palace for the use of her Majesty, became immersed in ten feet water, hut was speedily extricated by a fellow labourer by means of a boat-hook before the Humane Society's men could reach him. Ile was immediately conveyed by iceman Robinson on an ice-sledge to the receiving house, where he was attended by Dr. Woolley, and placed in a hot bath, and afterwards in a warm bed. The unfortunate man appeared in a wretched state of poverty end disease, tied Mr. Alderman Wilson and Mr. Oldham, who witnessed the accident, left at the receiving-house a sovereign towards buying him clothes better adapted for the season. The ice in the Regent's-park is in quite a sound con dition, and is from two inches to two inches and three quarters in thickness. The number of skaters was be tween 4,000 and 5,000, and the banks of the ornamen tal water were lined by persons letting skates for hire. No accidents occurred. The ice on the lake in St. James's-park was yesterday about two inches in thickness, and rather less dangerous than on the preceding day, but by eo means safe. During the day there were several thousand skaters, but , no accidents whatever. At an early hour yesterday morning Superintendent Williams attended, and directed the men in the operation of cutting away the ice in the vicinity of the recent accident, in order to ascertain if there 11 ere (as reported) any bodies beneath the ice. Four men were engaged duri n g the g reater p art of the day constantly using ti.e cbe'g s, and dredging. Mr. Wil liams's newly-invented floating drag for creeping under been already stated, were found ; but a _ hat ' the surface of the ice was also trice'. No bodies, as has crape band, which were two handkerchsl' is ' with a black ene blue and white. and the other a lady's white hant: kerch Q „ ie n h' marked "W. E 11., 5." The two icemen, 0... \- r - e Knight and Charles Clapstone, for their great country: - and praiseworthy exertions on Sunday, have been libe• rally rewarded by the Royal Humane Society. Arrangements are now in progress for building new it fornh t ar e it,t n hht d elel c esr d rye , hks b aies y mea pen t es h ri e bs: Commissionersattend cdeno asif night lodges in the inclosure for the parkekeepers, and it is h : V t td o o ac o s f o a o wn s r se m a el 1:1 1q r d ua e se d o tyl e r y e n d s c ta t e i r s e : navigation is uninterrupted. The docks, though par tially frozen, do not offer any obstruction to the move ments of the shipping, barges, &c. Last evening the thermometer at six o'clock, at the Dockmaster's•office, St. Katharine's, stood at 32 degrees, freezing point, being four degrees higher than on the preceding evening at the same hour. There was a fresh breeze during the. , day about NiE. The atmosphere had a gloomy ap- ;I.'t pearance. • I%IONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS . FROM hadexceeded Tilt MORNING t re T m il a ls ini D ng Ai s on . um i t 0 PAPERS take th OF F CITY, TUESDAY EVENING. TIMES.—The delay in making known from the Treasury, in an official shape, the result of the bidding s for the portion now offered of the Ca nada loan, has arisen, it appears, under circumstances rat her p eculiar to the present transaction. When the ten ders first pre sented were opened it was found that all ex ce p t . one were below the limit previously fixed by the T reasur y , and that the one above the limit was only for a p ortion of the sum to be bid fur. On the occasion o f the bid ding for the first allotment of the loan, as will be re collected, all the biddings were below the Ch a ncellor of the Exchequer's minimum; but on his dec larin g what it was, and opening the sealed papers produ ced at the - meeting, the terius were acceded to by all t he bidders for the respective amounts fur which the y bad ten dered. On the present occasion these t wo modes of proceeding were at the option of the Treasur y — to declare then the limit, and afford a chance to those below it, or propose to the parties whose offer the terms of that offer, which latter vi as the course adopted. Ai a reference was probably nec essar y to • the principals from whom that offer ha d pro ceeded, the delay of a short time in any de - elaration of the r final result became unavoidatole,'.. unless Mr. Goulburu had chosen to name his limit then, and to take the chances either of those below it agreeing to accept it, or of those above it (one party only) con ,enting at once to those terms for the remainder. Thus the case has become a very nice one ; and a keen con troversy has arisen in the money market whether the Chancellor of the Exchequer has pursued a strictly fair course in the matter. In the Stock Exchange we suspect the votes will be against him ; but, acting for the public, who have to take the consequence of his bargain, we think that he has done just what he ought to do. hile a chance remained of obtaining the terms of the accepted. portion for the whole of the sum under negotiation, he could not consistently give those who were below his limit the power of advancing up to it, since to that ex tent he would have damaged the public, or the colony for which the loan, under the security of the home Go vernment, is entered into. The only question that can arise is, whether a longer delay than was necessary for such a purpose has not been consented to. To avoid any charge of juggling with the moneyed interest, the minimum of the Chancellor has, it is understood, been placed, sealed, in the hands of the Governor of the Bank, only to be opened in the event of any dispute hereafter as to what that limit really was. There has been much expectation in the City during the day as to the final result of this matter ; but all that has transpired in the affair is, that one house, Messrs. Hammond, Scott, and Co., has taken rather more than to half the loan at the price of 112 ; but in what manner„6 the remainder is placed is not yet known. Neither is it" known at present what the Chancellor of the Exchequer's minimum was. The premium on gold at Paris is 12 per mills, which, at the English Mint price of 31. 17s. 141. per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of 25 45 ; and the exchange at Paris on London at shoit being 25 57*, it follows that gold is 0.49 per cent. dearer in London than in Paris. By advices from Hamburgh the price of gold is 434 per mark, which, at the English Mint price of 3/. 17s. 100. per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of 13 9i ; and the exchange at Hamburgh on London at short being 13 94, it follows that gold is the same price in both places. SUN.—A further advance occurred in Consols this afternoon, after it became known that the French Loan had been taken at a high price. Quotations 4to i per cent. above par were realised for Consols. Exchequer Bills brought 565. to 58s. premium, and Reduced Three per Cents. touched 1001 to 1004. There was no improvement in the Foreign Bonds. Spanish Actives were 244; and the Three per Cents., 36i 1. Brazilian were 884, and Portuguese Converted, 56 to *. The additional transactions in Railway Shares have been these :—Chester and Holyhead were 1 ; Churnet Valley, I to 4 ; Great Southern and Western (Irelan' •,. , 38; Great Western, 73; Ditto, Fifths, 151; Binning. , A. ,'„ 122 ; Ditto, Thirds, 364; Ditto, Fifths, 24 to it; BOUtb:,:`,' Western, 411 to 43*; Croydon, 3 ; Manchester and'.. i , Leeds, Sixteenths, 2* to 3; Norwich and Brandon, New, 24; Rugby I• South-Eastern, 54; Boulogne sad Amiens, 3ci- ; 'Orleans and Bordeaux, 4i; and Paris and Orleans, 22* premium. Eastern Union were 1 discount, and Brighton 4 discount to par. British North American Bank Shares were 51 discount, and London Joint-Stock 3i premium. There was a decline in the rate of Exchange on Ham burgh, Trieste, and Paris, but upon Antwerp, Amster dam, and Frankfort, the quotations were firm. The following is the official return of the exports of bullion from the port of London for the week ending Thursday last : Silver Coin to China 3,600 ounces. Silver Coin to Rotterdam 60,000 „ Silver Bars to Rotterdam .. 5,600 „ Silver Bars to Hamburgh 45,000 ~ DIABOLICAL ACT.—On Tuesday night last some evil-disposed person tied a rope across the high road, at a place called Cat's-hill, in this county, with the inten tion, no doubt, to cause mischief. It appears, that on the same night a son of Mr. Wrenn, fishmonger, Ware, hap pened to pass down this hill in a cart, and being unable to perceive the obstruction in consequence of the ex treme darkness of the night, the horse came in contact with it, and the result was, that the animal was thrown down, the cart turned over, and the driver precipitated into the road. The shafts of the vehicle were broken ; but we hear that the driver and the horse escaped with comparatively little injury. It is sincerely to be wished that the perpetrator of this diabolical and cowardly act may be detected.—Hertford County Press. On Friday, some bills becoming due at several of the Perth banking - house s, and none of the parties concerned having appeared,it wa s discovered, on inquiry, that forgeries to a very consider a ble amount had been co mmittd. The usual s te p s being taken under simi lar circumstances, it was asc ertained that the guilty party had absconded. This was no less a personage than the Ile ,. —, minister of the neighbouring parish o f --. No sooner did such an extraordinary circum stance become knowe than it became the subject of every body's talk ; and during the whole of Saturday, Sunday, and Monday, up to the hour of post, innumerable ru mours.and conjectures were in circulation as to the ex tent of Mr. —'s delinquencies, and the parties involved by his frauds. All that can be stated in the meantime is, that Mr. —, with a stipend of 4001. a year, has ab• sconded ; that there can be little doubt he is guilty of fraud and forgeries to a considerable amount ; and we believe that this is all that any one is justified in stating in the present state of information on such a disagree able subject.—Perth Pape% ~. , EXTRA STOCK.-LONG•WOOLLED SHEEP. --- ABD•EL.K ADEN AGAIN.—The National states, tha' according to a private letter from Oran, the Colonel of I the 2d Regiment of Hussars, who was detached with his regiment at Sebdon, having gone to shoot game with the surgeon and some privates of his regiment, was sur rounded by a number of Arabs, who carried off the en tire party. It is supposed that this feat was performed by some of Abd-el-Kader's troops, who are encamped on the frontiers of Algeria. " This fact," adds the writer of the letter, " demonstrates that no advantage has been gained by the treaty of peace with Morocco." Tog WEATHER IN PARIS.—The winter has set in ver y vigorously in Paris. At six o'clock in the morning of Saturday the thermometer indicated 7 deg. 2 min. (centigrade). In 1838, the coldest winter experienced in Paris since 1829, the same thermometer descended to 19 deg. at the Observatory. The river freezes at 9 deg. The snow which fell a t the beginning of the month occa sioned obstructions to the traffic on the railroad. Be tween Rouen and Pont de l'Arche the snow that co vered the rails was so hard, that the train had to stop in the last station until the arrival of a second engine. The mails from Lyons, Geneva, Mar seilles, Havre, and Strasburgh, re immense number of migratory birds have of late been observed to pass over the towns situate along the Channel, particularly wild ducks and geese, curlews, plovers, &c.—a circumstance considered by the inhabitants as the sure sign of a rigorous winter, Class 3.—Oxen or steers, of any breed, under 5 years old, under 100 stone and above 70 stone, that shall not have had cake, corn, meal, seeds, grains, or distillers' wash, during 14 months previous to the Ist of August, 1844. His Grace the Duke of Bedford, of Park-farm, near Woburn, Bedfordshire, a 4 years old Hereford ox, bred by his Grace, and fed on grass, green tares, hay, turnips, 500 lb. of linseed-meal, and 500 lb. of barley-meal. Tra velled to the show by van 42 miles.—First prize, 151, and silver medal. Mr. Henry Chamberlain, of Desford, near Leicester, a 4 years and 10 months ld Hereford ox, bred by him self, and fed on grass, hay, green vetches, turnips, 8101 b. of cake, and 6951 b. of pea-meal. Travelled to the show on foot 10 miles, and by railway 102 miles.—Sccond prize, 101. Class 4.—Oxen or steers, of any breed, not exceeding 4 years and 3 months old, and under 80 stone, that shall not have had cake, corn, meal, seeds, grains, or dis tillers' wash, during 12 months previous to the Ist of August, 1844. Ilis Grace the Duke of Bedford, of Park-farm, near Woburn, a 3 years and 9 months old Hereford ox, bred by his Grace, and fed on grass, green tares, hay, turnips, 5001 b. of barley-meal, and 500113. of linseed-meal. Tra velled to the show on foot 3 miles, by van 6 miles, and by railway 41 miles.—First prize, 101., and silver medal. Mr. John Manning, of Harpole, near Northampton, a 3 years and 10 months old llereford ox, bred by Mr. James Williams, of Culmington, near Ludlow, and fed on grass, hay, 8501 b. of cake, and 4 bushels of bean meal. Travelled to the show on foot 7 miles, and by railway 691 miles.—Second prize, 5/. Class 5.-- Oxen or steers, of any breed, under 4 years and 6 months old, and under 80 stone weight, with out restrictions as to feeding, yet the kind or kinds of food must be specified. Mr. W. J. Bailey, of Shenley-house, Stoney Stratford, Bucks, a 3 years and 8 months old Hereford steer, bred by Mr. W. Wheeler, of Ivington-park, near Leomin ster, and fed on grass, hay, and cake. Travelled to the show on foot 5 miles, and by railway 50 miles.—First prize, 10/., and silver medal. COWS AND HEIFERS. Class 4.—Fattened cows or heifers, under 5 years. Free martins and spayed heifers not qualified. Mr. 11. Brown, of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicestershire, a 4 years and 6 months old Durham heifer, bred by himself, and fed on oilcake, barley, grass, cabbage, Swedish turnip, and hay. Travelled to the show by van 25 miles, and by railway 96 miles.—First prize, 201., gold medal, and silver medal. The Right Hon. Earl Spencer, of Wiseton, near Bawtry, Nottinghamshire, a 4 years and 5 months old short-horned cow, bred by his Lordship, and fed on bay, turnips, cabbages, pea-meal, barley-meal, and oilcake. Travelled to the how by van 20 miles, and by railway 172 miles.—Second prize, 101. Sir T. Whichcote, Bart., of Aswarby-park, near Folk ingham, Lincolnshire, a 4 years and 5 months old Dur ham heifer, bred by himself, and fed on linseed-cakes, bean-meal, oatmeal, hay, and vegetables. Travelled to the show by van 38 miles, and by railway 107 miles. — Third prize, 51. Class 7.—Fattened cows or heifers, of 5 years old and upwards. Free martins and spayed heifers not qualified. Mr. John Beasley, of Chapel Brampton, near North ampton, a 5 years and 4 months old short-horned cow, bred by himself, and fed on grass, turnips, raangold wurzel, hay, linseed cake, and oatmeal. Travelled to the show by van nine miles, and by railway 60 miles.— First prize, 201., and silver medal. Mr. John Carwardine, of Marsh, near Leominster, a 5 years and 11 months old Hereford cow, bred by the late Mr. John Morris, of Stratford Bury, near Leomin ster, and fed on grass and oilcake. Travelled to the show on foot 48 miles, and by railway 113 miles. Has had one calf.—Second prize, 5/. Class B.—Fattened cows, of 5 years old andupwards, that shall have had at least two live calves at separate births. Major Brown, of Welbourn, near Grantham, Lincoln shire, a 13 years old short-horned cow, bred by himself, and fed on linseed cakes, swedes, turnips, hay, clover, and lucerne. Travelled to the show by van 49 miles, and by railway 100 miles. Has had six calves.—Second prize, Si. Mr. J. Burgess. of Holme Pierrepont, near Notting ham, a 7 years and 5 months old short-horned cow, bred by Mr. Robert Burgess, of Cotsgrove-place, Nottingham, and fed on cake, beans, vegetables, and hay. Travelled to the show by van five miles, and by railway 136 miles. Has had three caIvEXTR es A STOC K. .—First —CATTLE prize silver medal. Mr. R. Morton, of Peakill, near Spalding, Lincoln. shire, a 4 years and 8 months old short-horned ox, bred by himself, and fed on linseed, turnips, cabbages, and carrots. Travelled to the show by van 55 miles, and by railway 70 miles.—Silver medal. SHEEP. Class 9.—Long-vvool:ed fat wether sheep, 1 year old, that gO ,' have never had cake, corn, meal, seeds, or pulse. " Mr. J. S. Burgess, of Holm Pierrepont, Nottingham shire a pen of three 20 months old lon g -woolled wethers, bred by' himself. —First prize 20/., and silver medal. Mr. Thomas Twitchell, of Wellington, near St. Neots, Bedfordshire, a pen of three 20 months old Leicester wethers, bred by himself, from rams hired of Mr. Samuel Bennett, of Bickeringspark, near W oburn, Bedfordshir e . —Second prize, 51. Class 10.—Long-woolled fat wether sheep, 1 year old, under 8 stone weight, that have never had cake, corn, meal, seeds, or pulse. 1 Mr. J. S. Burgess, of Holm° Pierrepont, Nottingham shire, a pen of three 20 months old long-woolled wethers, bred by himself.—Prize, 101, and silver medal. Class 11.—Long-woolled fat wether sheep, 1 year old, without restrictions as to feeding. His Grace the Duke of Bedford, of Oakley West Farm, Bedford, a pen of three 20 months old New Leicester wethers, bred by his Grace.—First prize, 201., gold raedal, and silver medal. Mr. John Painter, of Burley, near Oakham,.Rutland, a pen of three 21 months old new Leicester wethers, bred by himself, from a ram hired of Mr. Thorpe, of Clifton, Nottinghamshire.—Second prize, 51. Class 12.—Long and short-woolled cross-bred fat wether i sheep, 1 year old, without restrictions as to feeding. .• Mr. Charles Large, of Broadwell, Oxfordshire, a 56 months old New Oxfordshire ewe, bred by himself. — Silver medal. Class 13.—Short-woolled fat wether sheep, 1 year old. wi:hout restrictions as to feeding. His Grace the Duke of Iliciamond, of Goodwood, near Chichester, Sussex, a pen of three 20 months old South down wethers, bred by hia Grace.—• Second prize, 51. Mr. Samuel Webb, of Babraham, near Cambridge, a pen of three 20 months old Southdown wethers, bred by Mr. J. Webb, of Babraham.—First prize, 201. and silver medal. Classl-I.—Short-woolled fat wether sheep, 1 year old, under eight stone weight, without restrictions as to feeding. - Mr. Henry Upton, of Oving, near Chichester, Sussex, a pen of three 20 months old Southdown wethers, bred by Mr. A. Pinnix.—Prize, 10/., gold medal, and silver medal. _ _ Cass 15.—Short-woolled fat wether sheep, 2 years old, without restrictions as to feeding. Mr. E. G. Barnard, M.l'., of Gosfield Hall, near Hal stead, Essex, a pen of three 32 months old Southdown wethers, bred by himself.—First prize, 201. and silver medal. Air. Stephen Grantham, of Stoneham, Sussex, a pen of three 32 months old Southdown wethers, bred by him sOf.—Seeund pr;ze. 51. EXTRA STOCK.—SHORT-WOOLLED SHEEP. Mr. Jehn Harris, of Hinton, near Abingdon, Berk. shire, a 21 months old Southdown wether, bred by him self.—Silver medal. PIGS. Class 16.—Pigs, of any breed, above 13 and under 26 Weeks oid. His Royal Highness Prince Albert, of Windsor Castle, a pen of three 25 weeks and 4 days old Suffolk and Bedfordshire pigs, bred by his Royal Highness, and fed on milk, barleymeal, and peameal.—Second prize, 51. Mr. W. F. Hobbs, of Marks-hall, near Kelvedon, Essex ; a pen of three 25 weeks and 4 days old improved Essex pigs, bred by himself, and fed on oats, peas, meal, potatoes, mangold-wurzel, and milk.—First prize, 101. and silver medal. Class 17.—Pigs, of any breed, above 26 and under 52 weeks old. Mr. J. Buckley, of Normanton-hill, near Loughbo rough, Nottinghamshire, a pea of three 27 week* and 2 days old Neapolitan and Warwicksbire pigs, bred by himself, and fed on barley-flour.--First prize, 10Z and silver medal. The Right Hon. the Earl of Radnor, of Coleshill, near Faringdon, perks, a pen of three 44 weeks and 1 day old Coleshill pigs, bred by his Lordship, and fed on whey, barleymeal, and potatoes.—Second prize, 5/. EXTRA STOCK.—PIGS. Mr. W. F. Hobbs, of Marks-hall, near Kelvedon, Essex, a 25 weeks and 4 days old improved Essex pig, bred by himself, and fed on oats, peas, meal, potatoes, mangold-wurzel, and milk.—Silver medal. NEW ZEALAND. The following is the report of the Sel.at Committee appointed " to inquire into the state of the colony of New Zealand, and into the proceedings of the New Zealand Company" : The duty assigned to your Committee of inquiring " into the state of the colony of New Zealand, and into the proceedings of the New Zealand Company, and of reporting their opinion thereupon to the House," they have found to be one of no ordinary difficulty and deli cacy. An attempt at colonisation upon a very great scale, and of the success of which high expectations had been formed, has hitherto failed to realise the sanguine hopes of its projectors. Instead of obtaining those ad vantages on which they had confidently reckoned as a reward for their enterprise, and the privations to which they have submitted, a large body of British settlers are at this moment in a situation giving ground for very serious anxiety, while the lives of several of their num ber have been unfortunately sacrificed. These unhappy results have, moreover, been connected with differences which have arisen, not only between the settlers and the colonial authorities, but also between the New Zealand Company (which reckons among its members many gentlemen of high station and respecta bility) and the executive Government at home. Under such circumstances, it will be obvious that a very heavy and very unusual responsibility is thrown upon your Committee when they are called upon to express an opinion as to the causes of a state of things so greatly to be lamented ; and though we have endeavoured to execute this task to the best of our judg ment, we submit the result of our deliberations with much diffidence to the House, and the more so because the evidence before us, oral and documentary, is so ex ceedingly voluminous that we feel it would have required much more time than was at our disposal to have digested it as thoroughly as we could have wished. It appears to your Committee that the difficulties now experienced in New Zealand are mainly to be attributed to the fact, that in the measures which have been taken for establishing a British colony in these islands, those rules as to the mode in which colonisation ought to have been conducted, which have been drawn from reason and from .experience, have not been sufficiently attended to. When it was first proposed to establish New Zealand as a British colony dependent upon New South Wales, Sir George Gipps, the Governor of the latter, in a very able address, laid down the following principles as those on which he had framed the Bill which it was his duty to submit to his Legislative Council for the regulation of the infant colony of New Zealand :—" The Bill is founded," he said, " upon two or three general principles which, until I heard them here controverted, I thought were fully admitted, and indeed received as political axioms. The first I is, that the uncivilised inhabitants of any country have but a qualified dominion over it, or a right of occupancy only ; and that, until they establish amongst themselves a settled form of government, and subjugate the ground to their own uses, by the cultivation of ,it, they cannot grant to individuals not of their own tribe any portion of it, for the simple reason, that they , have not them selves any indi v id u al property in it. Secondly, that if a settlement be made in any such country by a civilised power, the right of pre-emption of the soil—or, in other words, the right of extinguishing the native title, is ex clusively in the government of that power, and cannot be enjoyed by individuals without the consent of their Government. The third principle is, that neither indi viduals, nor bodies of men belonging to any nation, can form colonies, except with the consent, and under the direction and control, of their own Government ; and that from any settlement which they may form without the consent of their Government they may be ousted. This is simply to say, as far as Englishmen are con cerned, that colonies cannot be formed without the con sent of the Crown." Referring to the speech of Sir George Gipps for the argument in support of these rules, it may be observed, that, with reference to New Zealand, they were, to a certain extent, infringed by the irregular settlement of British subjects on the shores of t hese islands, which began many years ago ; but they seem to have been first openly and deliberately departed from, when an attempt was made by the New Zealand 1 Company to establish a col on y, not only without the san ction, but in direct defian c e of the authority of the Crown. This attempt led at once to a violation of the law by the first settlers entering into a voluntary agree ment for the establishment of an authority by which they hoped, in the absence of any legitimate power, to maintain order amongst themselves. The illegality of this arrangement was pointed out to the Conipany by the then Secretary of State ; but the expedition sent out to found what was to be, in fact, though unautho rised, a British colony, had already sailed. It is to be regretted that more decisive measures were not adopted for preventing the . sailing of the expedition under these circumstances, since it appears important with reference to the future to observe, that such unauthorised attempts at colonisation cannot be permitted without leading to the most serious inconvenience. When large numbers of British subjects have established themselves in distant regions, inhabited only by barbarous tribes, it is impos sible for her Majesty's Government to leave them ex posed, without protection, to the dangers which their own rashness may draw down upon them, or to allow them to exercise, without control, and perhaps to abuse the power which their superior civilisation gives them over the rude natives of the soil. Hence every new establishment of this kind involves a new demand upon the military and naval resources of the empire; but the undue multiplication of such demands must occasion a very heavy burden on the nation, and it therefore fellows that enterprises of colonisation should only be entered upon with the sanction and under the authority of the Government. In this instance the irregular and precipitate mode of sending out the first settlers had the unfortunate effect of placing these settlers and the agents of the New Zealand Company, from the very outset, on unfriendly terms with the officer whom her Majesty's Government found it necessary immediately to dispatch from England for the purpose of eatablishing the au thority of the Crown in the island of New Zealand ; and there can be no doubt that this want of a good under standing between those whose cordial co-operation with each other was so essential to the welfare of the newly-es tablished colony, has been one of the main causes of the difficulties with which it has had to contend. In order to avert these difficulties, which were soon seen to be likely to arise, a charter of incorporation was afterwards granted to the New Zealand Company, :with the hope of placing that body in friendly relations with her Majesty's Govern ment ; but this attempt was defeated, partly by the jea lousies created between the respective servants of the Crown and of the Company, by the error originally committed by the latter ; partly by other causes of difficulty which afterwards arose.. These are chiefly to be traced to the means which were adopted for establishing the authority of the Crown in New Zealand. The sovereignty over these islands had, at an earlier period, been formally disclaimed, and their independence had been distinctly recognised, both by the Crown and by Parliament. This course had been pursued because it was considered, and (by no means upon light grounds) that it was not advisable to extend British dominion in these distant regions ; but in adopting this policy it was overlooked, both by the advisers of the Crown and by Parliament, was impossible to check the tide of emigrationso strongly towards the shores of which that i sett New Zealand, and that the regular establishment of British power was the only practical mode of guard itig against the evils which could not fail to follow from permitting a large number of Europeans to settle among its uncivilised inhabitants without being subject to any legitimate authority or control. Looking back at what was then done, with the light to be drawn from subse quent experience, there is no room to doubt, that it would have been far better if British dominion over these islands had been asserted as early as 1832, or even 1825 ; but a different policy havi ng been at that time NG. DECEMBER ll, 1344. NO '