The Sun. — London, England, 1844-01-16 00:00:00

the d an , su bP: f ir or I I "' ! 0 vo los, joto 9 1 60 0 4 ti ( pp o i i . 0, f, re ac oW 1 4 ' tirs e_ t fi voI AO i ar o- o ° t 1 ' IS °II" re o d 0 1 t° isti;ror igv. THE CURRENCY. sir,— . TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES. It may possibly be correct, as you state, that I sun not able to find out when lam beaten. Napoleon trough t a sin War charge against the English army at Water' .00. lam willing to take my full share of this nation al obfr.seness; but I hope you will allow me to sugg it that it is possible that a small portion of it may attack also to rmrself. The current circulation of bills of ex' h an'se must certainly have been a little older than the r Jigr, o f 1811, Charles 11. ; for I find that James 1., in of tile .Po'.nted a Committee to inquire into the causes FAr ;ovation of gold and silver money, and that the Conan ,ee reported that one of the causes was the use of exchange.bills of 33 : i , 4 lam well content to leave these questions of legal erti tu' Lion concerning the ancient circulation of ac kn°' vledgments of debt, upon the footing on which you I • I " a placed them. Whether the circulation of such in- Sty uments has existed only from the reign of Charles 11., °I in the more remote periods of our history, when mo- n etary debts themselves were only of a trifling amount, I 3 a question of very little importance, when compared with the present state of things, in which nearly all the complicated and innumerable transactions of life are effected through the agency of monetary debts, and when the transfer and exchange of acknowledg ments of debt for each other has literally become vital to the existence of society among us. I would say to you, as I said to Mr. Cobbett in my letter pub lished 21 years ago, " Let us leave the dry bones of our ancestors to moulder amidst the errors and the crimes, the effects of which have long since passed away, and let us take care that the present generation of living men is not precipitated to an early tomb, by measures which a re far more 'unjust and infinitely more ruinous than any wvich the m-addest of tyrants have ever attempted or de vise d before." In yoizr journal of the 4th instant you are pleased to • use a veiry harsh, and not very gentlemanly term, as applicable to any future reduction of the standard of valu e . Tl ae old proverb of " glass houses" should not be forgott en. The charge of " rascality" should not be preterced upon light or unjust grounds. Surely, you do not mean that the 4 per cent. juggle of 1819 is to be made permently a cent. per cent. fraud upon the r,eople ? The means of the people are cut down. to the metallic level ; are their burdens to be kept up at the paper !eve 1 ? The late Lord Liverpool told the Housss of Lords that their rents•had. been doubled and trebl rd in paper money. The national debt had been quaCtrupled.. All the taxes, salafies, and expenses of the ( ro• 'eminent, including the pay of the soldiers, have be en doubled. Under these doubled oppressions, and 'ceder the paralysis of industry consequent upon the con ttiaction of the circulating 5) stein, the people are crushed down into worse than Egyptian slavery. Mr Cobbett's Tprophecy, that .‘ without an equitable adjustment, : 2 ,000,000 of men would die of hunger before the pre -sent standard of value could be carried into full effect," :is at this very moment being literally fulfilled. Is • there to be no limit to human cruelty on the one side, or to human end u ranc e on th e o th er Let us not deceive - ourselves. This giant fraud is too terrible, and too mortal to be successful. When the dire agony of the people shall have carried a free trade in corn, which it - certainly will do, how long, do you think, it will then be ,before tree trade is carried also in sugar, coffee, tea, tobacco, and in all the other articles the restrictions upon which now provide the revenue by which the national debt is supported ? I can tell you. Under our pr. -!sent monetary system, just six months. Then the national debt comes suddenly tumbling upon our heads. This terrible catastrophe has been postponed for many years, by all manner of tamperings, tricks, and contrivances, which are now drawing to an end. - Under our present system we may now almost count the months which precede the breaking up of the tremendous debacle. Something must be done to arrest aids mortal ruin. What then is best for the fund sowners and tax-receivers?—to cut down the standard of rvalue, and thereby to secure safety, justice, prosperity, - and contentment to them and to all classes? or to reduce the monetary burdens of the people correspondently with the reduction of their monetary means? or to leave the fundowners and landowners, tax-receivers and tax- Payers, to perish all under one common ruin? Un doubtedly, the first of these operations is the easiest and the best for all classes. Perhaps you think, that the c onfiscation of the land will save the national debt. Vain hope. The landowners have yet the main political power of the State in their own hands. They will all become free traders in their own defence; and the mort gagees, a most formidable body of men, will most cer tainly throw their weight into the landowners' scale. Be assured, Sir, that if the Jews and lawyers persist in demanding payment of their " Jewish bond" in a quarter of an ounce of gold for every poand sterling of Inglish tax, rent, debt, and obligation, there is but one gray in which nature will allow them to enforce it with out bringing down ruin upon their own heads. They must substitut e t o t a lly th e use of paper-money in the place of gold and silver coin in England; and they must prevail upon France and America to act upon a asimilar policy. By these means only can they occasion much a depreciation in the value of gold and silver :throughout Europe as will enable them to keep down the market prices of gold and silver at their present level, whilst all othe r p r i ces r i se to that remuner a ti ng level which is absolutely necessary to the prosperity of industry and to the very existence of society in En g l an d. Paper Money has carried our country through many a trying scene. With wisdom, fortitude, and justice at our head, it may yet carry us through a more formidable scene that has ever yet presented itself in the history of England before.—l am respectfully, Sir, your obedient bumble servant, THOMAS ATTWOOD. Birmingham, Jan. 9. FARMING EXPERIMENTS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Having read in your paper of Mon "lay last a letter addressed to you by " an expe xiinental farmer," giving the results of some Pexperiments with different manures, made by klaiiiiself on a farm in his occupation in Cheshire, :from which it appears that the use of guano was productive of injury to his pasture, and loss of crop, I am induced to offer a few observations, With a view to place the true cause of failure befor e your readers. I used guano last year to a considerable extent, in top-dressing wheat, oats, ano. pasture ; and, ;also, as the only manure for Swede turnips, and a portion of my potato crop, and found it emi nently successful in all these cases. On the Pasture 1i cwt. of guano per statute acre, with an equal weight of ashes were strewed on the 340 1 of March, and produced an excellent crop, a llowed on the 3d and 4th of July. The wheat w as dressed with similar quantities on the 17th March, and the oats with 1 cwt. of guano per ac re, mixed with an equal quantity Of coal as h es , w hich much facilitates even spreading. Both Sorts of corn were strong in growth, of a vivid Peen, and yielded well. The potatoes were planted in rows, two feet apart, covered lightly with earth and guano, at the rate of 3 cwt. per ac re, then strewed along the rows, which were afterwards fully covered in. The produce in nest case rath er ex ceeded that raised f rom th e dung from fatting pens. The turnip seed w as drilled in, and 4 of guano per acre, With equal bulk of ashes, were then strewed 1 ,1 1- P 5l l the la n d, an d the manure harr owe d i n " Lth the s ee d. Th e cr op was mor e th an an ave rage one, though the field was of very in ferior The real cause of " experimental farme r ' s " i 4 3 ilare was excess of guano, which contains 0 7 100 th of ammonia, and therefore no wonder at of his pasture was burned, by an application 5 cwt. p er acre . G uano i s a most va l ua bl e ma nure, but it requires to be used with judg ment, and where much is required should be put ill moderate quantities, at different times. One cwt. applied to pasture land in February, ano ther in Ma rc h, an d th e t hi r d i n A pr il , wou ld highly beneficial, but the 3 cwt. applied at re time would do harm. The work is best done .14 showery weather.—l am, Sir, &c. -Batt), Jan. 12, 1844, PHILO JUSTITI2E. AIR. 'WALLACE, M.P.—lt :affords us pleasure to Late that the reso l u ti on come t o b y t h e T own Counc i l n e l_ Paisley, some time ago, for presenting the freedom of burgh to Mr. Wallace, is likely soon to be fulfilled. Z T he reason of the somewhat unaccountable delay that has r ` irred regarding the Walling of this duty i s , th a t Members of Council to whom the task of cor 'esPonding with Mr. Wallace was allotted, were Unanimously of opinion that some appropriate token respect from the inhabitants in compliment to Ltr- Wall ace f or h i s valuable services in securing the 17Y postage, should accompany the freedom voted by Council. Many gentlemen unconnected with the 'Council having concurred in the this view, the most ap ropriate accompaniment that occurred to them was a box or the burgess ticket, composed of the Wallace oak and Queen M ary ' s yew. On application to both Sir n hil Maxwell and the Elderalie family, the best selec lions that cou ld b e o b ta i ne d of cuts from these two he; famous in the history of S cot l and, were most tyeerfully granted, although considerabl e difficulty was -perieneed, and a good deal of sear c h and delay as necessary before a proper pi ece o f the oak -nuld l) a% be found. All diffieukies of thi s ki nd 16,1; however, now been surmounted, and on obtained a beautiful design from Vi a ' li`Clur e , art i st, Glasgow, the design and classical tv , _ a terials a ll u d ed to, have been put into the hands of Mr. oc 'el i nre, carver, Exchange-square, who has now got the vhe n a considerable state of forwardness, and which, 441?finiabed, will b e a most appropr i ate g i ft for the , esentative of th e W allace fam i ly, as well as a splendid b c : 4 4s'oorate piece o f art. A mongst ot h er d ev i ces, t h e wi th will be em b ellished with the arms of Wallace, and thos e of the town, placed ,in conspicuous places.— 4iu 1 .9 0 tv Evening Post. the"g ladies who indulge in bed too many hours orning would do well (divested of curl-papers of Course)titkto copy the example of their youthful Sovereign, IGgenerally breakfasts at eight o'clock. *t'!I,arIEtICI.ILTUAL IMPROV EDIENTS.—Arronst the many Iloln!ed improvements progressing in the district of South t oi colawdov!ry gratifyit . ig to observe that the systetn or r sub-soil draining is exciting general attention, and when its admirable effects arc more widel known and ap- PBlse.cluatecl, secure its universal adoption In: atre7"'Mß, Moulton, Long Sutton, Kirto; F tkhe Frampton, of feat 14‘dInder-draining is carried on with grtearspirit , ):radmrep m?, etr eetua v rage. It is quite a mistake to suppse h e a n t it is an n i n . i s n . tode of draining a flat or level district ; the tie voull estienably the best, but as it is new in this dist l rict e , we these, recommend a trial of some of the cheaper plans. Of than;: seth _e o the grass sod or wedge for strong grass, and e k et. l r arable lands ;or the Mvertieen mole plough, Whi c h i s the , 1t..1 THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY MORNING, JANUARY 16, 1R44. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. TATTERSALL'S—YESTERDAY. DERBY. 11 to 2 agst Scott's lot—taken to 100/. 13 to 2 agst Mr. John Day's The Ugly Buck—taken to 150/., and afterwards offered 11 to 2 agst Mr. Crockford's Rattan—taken to about 3001. 16 to 1 agst Mr. Quin's Loadstone—taken to 601. 18 to 1 apt Lord Maidstone's Cockamaroo--taken to 250/. 22 to 1 agst Colonel Peel's Orlando—taken and after wards offered 25 to 1 agst Colonel Peel's lonian—taken to 75/. 25 to 1 agst Mr. Lichtwald's Leander—taken to 75/. 27 to 1 agst Mr. A. Wood's Running Rein taken to ilkarly 100/. 30 to 1 Agit 111 r. Bowes's T'Auld Squire—t to a small sum 35 to 1 agst Mr. Watt's Voltri—no backers 40 to 1 agst Mr. Bowes's Saddle Bow—taken to 100/. 40 to 1 agst Sir G. Heathcote's Campunero—do. do. 40 to 1 agst Mr. Payne's Vat eolt—taken to 201., and afterwards offered 500 even betwen Cockamaroo and Loadstone—taken 500 even between lonian and Orlando—taken 600 to 500 (twice on Vat colt agst Foig-a-ballagh—taken 300 to 25 agst Leander, Running Rein, and King of the Gipsies--taken. To the above little need be added ; it is necessary, however, for the information of those whose commissions may have been executed at prices varying from the re ported odds, to state that in the early part of the afterf noon 25 to 1 was betted agst Orlando to upwards o -1001. ; 30 to 1 agst lonian to 65/. ; 20 to 1 to a small sum agst Cockamaroo, and 30 to 1 each agst Leander and Running Rein. BATH RACES. Handicap for the Somersetshire Stakes. Vibration, 5 yrs, Sst 121b—Una, 6 yrs, Bst 101b—John o'Gaunt, 6 yrs, Bst 61b—Belissima, aged, Bst 31b— Arctic, aged, Bst 31b—Newcourt, 4 yrs, Bst—c by Bay Middleton, out of Silvertail, 4 yrs, 7st 131 b—A British Yeoman, 4 yrs, 7st 121b—Captain Flathooker, 5 yrs, 7st 121b—Etnilian, 5 yrs, ist 111b—Ajax, 6 yrs, 7st 111 b Cattonite, 5 yrs, 7st 111b—Fausta, 6 yrs, 7st 101b—Por trait, 6 yrs, 7st 101b—Roscius, aged, 7st 101b—Lothario, 4 yrs, 7st 91b—Ben-y-Ghlo, 4 yrs 7st 91b—Priscilla Tomboy, 5 yrs, 7st 81b—Arcanus, 5 yrs, 7st 81b— Princess of Wales, 5 yrs, 7st 81b—The Currier, aged, 7st 81b—Tamburini, aged, 7st 71b—Greenfinch, aged, 7st 61b—Fame, 6 yrs, 7st 61b—Meteor, 4 yrs, 7st-516 Decisive, 4 yrs, 7st 41b—Our Nell, 5 yrs, 7st 41b—Reci procity, 4 yrs, 7st 41b—Pharaoh, 4 yrs, 7st 21b—Moba rek, 6 yrs, 7st—Haitoe, 5 yrs, 7st—Broken Down (late Bangor), aged, 7st—Mallard, 4 yrs, 7st —Fanny Cal laghan, 4 yrs, 6st 131b—Jack, 5 yrs, fist 121b—President, 6 yrs, Est 101b—Naworth, aged, Est 101 b —Pickwick, by Saracen, aged, 6st 101b—Roderick, 5 yrs, 6st 101 b Grace Darling, 4 yrs. Est 10113—Wiverton, aged, 6st 1016 —Franchise, 5 yrs, 6st 101b--Vitula, 4 yrs, fist 81b—The Curate, 4 yrs, 6st 81b—Mechanic, 4 yrs, Est 71b—Irony, 5 yrs, Est 71b—Illustration ' 4 yrs, Est 71b—Young Lochinvar, 5 yrs, Est 71b—c. by Slane, out of Victory, 4 yrs, fist 41b—Portumnus, 4 yrs, 6st 41b— Glendower, 4 yrs, 6st—Peter Plimley, 4 yrs, 6st—Lord Hampton, 4 yrs, 6st—Comet, 4 yrs, 6st—Tom Tough, 4 yrs, sst 101 b —Frey - strop, 3 yrs, sst 61b—Minna Trod, 3 yrs, sst Worthless, 3 yrs, 51b—The General, 3 yrs, 4st 111 b Red Deer, 3 yrs, 4st 111b—Best Bower, 3 yrs, 4st 10Ib— fby Camel, out of Wiseacre's dam, 3 yrs, 4st 71b.—To declare on the Ist of February. CHESTER, 1844. Weights for the Tradesmen's Plate of 200 sovs. in spe cie, added to a Handicap Sweepstakes of 25 sovs. each, 15 ft, and 5 only if declared on or before Feb. 1. Alice Hawthorlie, 6 yrs, 9st 81b-Retriever, aged, 9st 21b-St. Lawrence, aged, 9st-Aristotle, 5 yrs, Bst 1 Ilb-John o'Gaunt, 6 yrs, Bst 71b-Nutwith, 4 yrs, Bst 61b-Pagan, 6 yrs, Bst 51b-William le Gros, 5 yrs, Bst 51b-Gorhambury, by Buzzard, 4 yrs, Bst 516-Prize fighter, 4 yrs, Bst 51b-Heslington, 6 yrs, Bst 416-Semi , seria, 4 yrs, Bst 31b-Scalteen, 5 yrs, Bst 21b-Parthian, 4 yrs, Bst 21 b-Winesour, 4 yrs, Bst Ilb-Collins, 6 yrs, Bst-Baliinkeele, 5 yrs, Bst--Foxberry, 5 yrs, Bst- Aristides, 4 yrs, Bst-Newcourt, 4 yrs, Bst-Bellissima, aged, 7st 131b-Lothario, 4 yrs, 7st 131 b-b cby Bay Middleton--Silvertail,4 yrs, 7st 131b-The Bashaw, 4 yrs, 7st 131b-Warlike, 4 yrs, 7st 131b-Phenome non, 4 yrs, 7st 131b-Trueboy, 4 yrs, 7st 131 b -Cat tonite, 5 yrs, 7st 111b-Jamie Forest, aged, 7st 101 b -Peggy, 4 yrs, 7st 101b-Portrait, 6 yrs, 7st 91b- Decisive, 4 yrs, 7st 91b-Bramble, 4 yrs, 7st 91b ch c by Muley Moloch (Mr. Shafto's), 4 yrs, 7st 91b-Arctic, aged, 7st 81b-General Pollock, 4 yrs, 7st 81b-Polish, 4 yrs, Ist 81b-Mustapha Muley, 6 yrs, 7st 71b-Phryne, 4 yrs, 7st 71b-Yardley, 4 yrs, 7st 71b-The Currier, aged, 7st 61b-Gander, 5 yrs, 7st 61b-Beeswax, 5 yrs, 7st 51b-Haitoe, 5 yrs, 7st 51b -Hooton, 4 yrs, 7st 51b-Merry Andrew, 4 yrs, 7st slb -Grace Darling, 4 yrs, 7st 41b-Rowland, 4 yrs, 7st 41b -Glossy, 4 yrs, 7st 41b-The Broken Down (late Bangor), aged, 7st 41b-Naworth, aged, 7st 31b-Arna gill, 6 yrs, 7st 31b-Egidia, 4 yrs, 7st 31b-Freedom, 4 yrs, 7st 31b-Roscius, aged, 7st 21b-Frea, 5 yrs, 7st 21b-Reciprocity, 4 yrs, Ist 21b-Bourra To macha. 4 yrs, Tst 21b-What, 4 yrs, 7st 21b- Zrmengardis, 6 yrs, 7st 1 lb-Greenfinch (h-b), aged, 7st- The Prior, 5 yrs, 6st 131b-Vakeel, 5. yrs, Est 131b-Sir Robert, 5 yrs, Est 131b-Tacita, 5 yrs, 6st 131b-Pha raoh, 4 yrs, Est 121b-The O'Neill, 4 yrs, Est 121 - Franchise, 5 yrs, Est 101b--Irony,s yrs, Est 81b-Martyr, 5 yrs, Est 81b-B cby Slane, out of Victim, 4 yrs, 6st 81b Everton, 4 yrs, 6st 81b-Quebec, 4 yrs, 6st 81b-Illus tration, 4 yrs, 6st 81b-President, h b, 6 yrs, Est 61b- Young Lochinvar, 4 yrs, 6st 41b-Xanthus, 4 yrs, 6st 41b -Testatrix, 4 yrs, 6st 21b-Winter, 4 yrs, 6st-Harts horn, 4 yrs, sst 121b-Birdeen, 4 yrs, sst 101b-Miss Miggs,4yrs, sst Nib-Shocking Mamma, 4 yrs, sst 101 b -Gipsy Queen, 4 yrs, sst 101b-Gasparoni, aged, sst 91b-The Cure, 3 yrs, sst 91b---Celeste, 3 yrs, sst- Worthless, 3 yrs, sst-Emma, 3 yrs, 4st 81b-Best Bower, 3 yrs, 4st 61b-nowsprit, 3 yrs, 4st 61b-Vin Or dinaire, 3 yrs, 4st-Red Deer, 3 yrs, 4st. SOCIETY FOR THE PROTEC TION OF THE DISTRESSED NEEDLE WOMEN IN LONDON. - Yesterday a preliminary meeting of the benevo 3 lent friends of the poor needlewomen of London took place at the Mansion-House, for the purpose of adopting measures preparatory to a public meeting to be called in a few days, to assemble in the Egyptian Hall, for the benefit of the hard-working poor creatures with whom the metropolis abounds. Among those present were the Lady Mayoress, Miss Magnay, bliss Jane Magnay, Lady Key, Miss Key, Miss Farebrother, Mrs. Tuckett, &c. The LORD MAYOR took the chair, and expressed a firm hope and belief that the object of the meet ing would be most liberally carried out. He was surrounded by ladies who were anxious to be mem bers of a Committee to assist in so admirable an undertaking. His Lordship then read from a paper a statement of the intentions of the Society. The ob ject was to find work for as many of the unemployed as possible to insure to them a fair remuneration for their labour. The work was to consist of children's clothes and females' under garments, manufactured expressly for distribution to the deserving, poor. To be supported by subscriptions, and every subscriber to receive goods to the amount of their subscriptions for their own distribution. Each article to be marked with the name of the establishment. The amount of each person's earnings not to exceed 9s. per week. That no middle-women or job-masters be employed, so that the actual labour may not ex ceed twelve hours per diem, thus serving two parties at the same time, viz., the needle •women so employed, and the destitute poor, who from the hands of the hu mane receive these comforts, so desirable at this in clement season. The ladies warmly engaged in the business of the day, and became members of the Committee. A large sum of money was subscribed upon the spot, and the Lord Mayor and Alderman Farebrother announced their intention to receive subscriptions in aid of the great objects of the Society. His Lord ship stated that a public meeting would in a few days be announced,. and he confidently relied upon the attendance of all the great patrons of the charities of the City of - London. We were given to understand that some of the most eloquent men in the metropolis will speak at the forthcoming meeting upon the subject. The following is one of the letters received by Mr. Rooper, the Honorary Secretary, in answer to his invitation to the writer to attend the preliminary meeting at the Mansion-house : " Mrs. presents her compliments to Mr. Rooper, and is unable to attend the meeting at the Mansion-house, to which she has the honour to be invited. " Mrs. is most happy to see the case of the distressed needlewomen attracting public notice, as she cherishes the hope that they will not only obtain the temporary relief which their pitiable situation requires, but that the recent disclosures will have a tendency to insure to them better remuneration for their labours than in time past they have received. Not wishing to be classed with those who say to the poor, ' Be ye warmed and be ye clothed,' but who withhold the supplies necessary to such relief, Mrs. incloses two sovereigns as her mite, which she would have been happy to have enlarged, were she not pressed by almost daily applications from the im poverished and distressed. " She most sincerely wishes the proposed Society much success in their humane and laudable efforts to wipe away tears from the eyes of the indigent and sorrowful.—Jan. 15, 1844." LITERATURE. FOREIGN QUARTERLY REVI,E No.AXIV. Chapman and Hall, London, 1844. - Alluding, some few weeks since, to the past and present state of American literature, we took the opportunity of observing that the United States had not yet produced one single author of eminence of whom it could justly be said that he was original. We remarked that the writings, whether in prose or verse, of the New World, were merely so many faint, feeble copies of those of the Old; and that even Cooper himself, though supposed to convey a faithful image of national peculiarities in his works, was often nothing more tha n an ec h o o f Sir alter Scott, just as Emerson is of Carlyle,• and Bryant of Wordsworth. An article in the present number of this journal, entitled " American Anthology," fully bears out our opinion, by passing in review a whole tribe of Yankee authors, and pointing out the sources whence they derived some of their best ideas. Not a few of the poetical specimens quoted by the Reviewer are of the most grotesque character it is possible to conceive, and satisfy us that America has yet much to learn, as well as much to unlearn, before she can cultivate the Muses with any prospect of success. The memorable " Congress of Vienna" in 1815, when Europe was coolly partitioned out by a set of despotic Legitimates, without the slightest regard to any other consideration than their own conve nience, forms the theme of an amusing critical 'notice, in which occur several whimsical sketches of illustrious individuals who figured prominently in that scene of royal tom-foolery. The portrait of his fat Majesty of Wirtemberg—that " tun of a man," who possessed all the obesity of Falstaff without a tithe of his wit, is, we have no doubt, perfectly accurate ; and the passing glimpse we ' have of the sentimental Alexander, whom Napo leon justly described as " a Greek of the Lower Empire," gives us a vivid idea of the character of this royal dissembler. In the review of " Mignet's Historical Essays, " we find a hasty memoir ocilie .:s notorious Abbe Sieyes, so well known during the early period of the he volution.for his constitutional theories, as also for the part he played on the occasion of the Eighteenth Brumaire, when Citizen Bonaparte upset the Directorial overnment, and under the specious form of the Consulate established a systematic, military despotism. " Sinde, it s Am ,and its People" makes no great addition to.fqratock of knowledge we already possess on this subject, still it is an interesting article, and is put forth at a seasonable juncture, when all eyes are directed with eagerness towards this new conquest of the Indian Government. From the notice of Mignet's " Historical EssVs" we quote an anecdote or two respecting the eminent French physician Broussais " He had n - ot quite finished his studies When the revolution burst out. His family embraced the cause of liberty. His ardent and impetuous imagination was inflamed by it. The time arrived for participa tion. The Prussians, in 1792, had advanced to Ver dun, and the alarm had roused the patriotism of all France. Broussais, then twenty years of age, enrolled himself in a company of volunteers, of which he was named sergeant. In one of the frequent encounters with les Chouaris he signalized his force, his genero sity, and his 'courage. The company of volunteers had been surprised and beaten. In retreating, one of his comrades was shot, and fell at his side. The war was without quarter, and the enemy were but a few paces in arrear. Yet Broussais, at the peril of being taken himself, stopped, lifted his wounded companion upon his shoulders, and continued his retreat, his pace somewhat slackened by the burden. Les Chouans fired upon him. One ball passed through ;his hat. But he escaped. Arrived at a place of safety] he de posed his comrade on the ground ; and to his, horror found him dead. He had run that risk to save a corpse. He could not long animate the company with his example. Seriously ill , he was obliged to return to his family ; and on his recovery he embraced the paternal profession. His progress in study was rapid; and having attended the hospitals of St. Malo and Brest, he was appointed surgeon to the frigate Laße nomm6e. On the eve of departure he recerveda letter from the Mayor of St. Malo, whi c h comme nced in these terrible words Tremble in receiving this letter I' . . . It announced that the house of his aged parents had been attacked by les Couans, who had murdered them both and mutilated their bodies. The grief and indignation felt by Btoussais cannot be described. Forty years afterwards, says Mignet, he became pale as he spoke of it." ADVENTURES OF MR. LEDBURY. 3 Vols. --- Bentley, London, 1844. In these volumes we have a re-publication of a tale that appeared last year in successive num bers of Bentley's Miscellany, and which we have more than once noticed i n The Sun. The story of Mr. Ledbury, and his numerous mishaps and adventures, is by no means deficient in interest; the details, in particular, of his journey by way of the Rhine to Switzerland, and afterwards to Italy, and of the strange vicissitudes that befel him on the road, exhibit much descriptive ability; and the story possesses the additional re commendation of being cleverly illustrated by Leech. GLOSSOLOGY ; or the Additional Means of Diag nosis of Disease to he derived from Indications and .Appearances of the Tongue. By Benjamiu Ridge, M.D., M.R.C.S.L. Churchill, Princes-street. 1844. This treatise contains the substance of a paper read by Dr. Ridge before the Senior Physical Society of Guy's Hospital on the 4th of Novem ber last; and certainly, should the truth of the doctrines propounded in it be confirmed, Dr. Ridge has made one of the most vitally import ant discoveries that has been made since the days of Hunter. His discovery is " That certain appearances in parts of the tongue indicate the presence of certain diseases, and that 0-- parts correspond with certain organs of the ' --rse .. (Jody.' The state of the tongue has ^ 1 , buairsoneeennmocuonnt sidered as diagnostic of (I.:isease"l of information hitt) :crto afforded by it is thus de scribed by Dr, :Ridge, who follows up the state ment by an account of the manner in which he made his discovery " I found the tongue was looked at as an organ of diagnosis, and I looked at it ittoo but the amou n t of information very lit ga ined f rom was triflin g ; an d more did I gather from books, or from per instruction. I still thought there must be some thing more substantial to be learned from it, or other wise it seemed a waste of time to look at if Dissatisfaction on the point led me - ac ail, flect on its diversified arm-- gradually to it; before me, so r" ~ .raneeL As disease came selve- ... , terent orbservationsobtruded thein -, until, after carrying these in my mind for years without being able to hitailke their or adopt any regular systein, I was led at last to draw the rough form of a tongue, and map out its compartments. I had no sooner accomplished this than I perceived that the divisions corresponded very closely with its anatomy. " The first observtio made were in 1836-7, during the prevalence n th s ' epidemic influenza. The cases which cam e jperore the o ; se bu o t f my e oWh'obterVations differed so widely nu rrom mil th s writers on that epidemic, that I hesitated in obtrud ing them. I noticed three distinct stages of this dis ease —affecting, first, the stomach ; then the lungs ; and lastly, the brain ; and that. three diitinct charac teristics of the tongtle Priknted themselves." The work is profuSely illustrated by diagrams and p.lr.t,VA, i)fotving the diVisions of the tongue; kelluitllit to tne view s o f h r . Rid ge, and the ap portionment of those divisions to the various or gans of the body. The Doctor then goes into a minute anatomical description Of the structure of the tongue, for the purpose of showing that these divisions are founded on structure, and that there is a nervous connection between tile va rious division's of the tongue and the organs to ) . vhich. they are appropriated. Should Dr. Ridge's *Wilt probe t orreet3 it is iftiptissible to exaggerate the importance of the science of Glossology, not only in in the diagnosis of dis ease, but as a means of detecting deception : " I must here remark that a thorough knowledge Glossology Will sometimes detect deception. When the tongue is silent, it will tell the truth. The sick tale is not unfrequently an untrue one : those who have had most practice are best acquainted with this fact." This book is well worthy the careful attention of the medical profession. Ebery- practising member of that profession has the power of in vestigating the truth of these doctrines; and it is a duty he owes to himself, to his profession and to his fellow-creatures to do so; for the nearer the approach to certainty in diagnosis, the nearer the approach to certainty in application of remedial agents. In conducting these inves tigations we would earnestly impress upon the minds of the investigators the importance of this, the concluding observation of Dr. Ridge's work : " Important truths are only to be elicited by a great expenditure of time and patience ; and he is the wisest man who spends them liberally and ungrudg ingly, when they are paid down for a good purpose— to add to knowledge, and benefit mankind." OUR INDIAN MAIL.—Our Indian papers contain Indian Ink to the latest moment ; and we have received pickles up to the time of starting. Our. Courier, in an ticipation of the Overland Mail, has arrived in anticipa tion of his pay ; but he will not get it. Among . our other Indian arrivals, we have been put in possession of Indian rubber from which we find the there is a good deal of elasticity in tbOletflatarr.-Taii ;TATE OF IRELAND. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SW'. SIR,—P blitics are a means to an end, or they are nothing. " Repeal may be carried or fall to . the ground; but what is to become of the Irish people ? Irish man as I • am, I have no desire to sever our commu nity with, England. If, strictly speaking, we are not one in race, we are as nearly so as the different por tions of the British and Irish communities themselves ; our language is the same, and our interests are iden tical. With England and her progress, are associated the best interests of mankind ; no, I would not eat into hey: resources, or paralyse her arm, but join with with hi .T in realising her best interests and our own. I am •against repeal, because I esteem it impracti cable, and, if practicabl e , un d es i ra bl e . Did I sup pose that Ireland should linger on in perennial misery ; did I suppose that the injustice of the past should be the inheritance of the future, I should become a re pealer with the best of them ; I should resort to every fair and equitable means to extort by force that which should be conceded as a right. But I entertain no such conviction. I am intimately persuaded that jusfice---yes, justice in full—shall be conceded to Ireland. I am opposed to repeal, because I esteem it a move in a false direction, ill-calculated to insure re dress of the grievances under which we labour. How will the repeal rent, were it swollen to hundreds, in place of tens of thousands, carry it ? Will England— would any empire —consent to a virtual dismember ment ? Were the Irish people united, could they realise repeal in face of English opposition ? Would they become tributaries to any continental Power in order to effect this purpose ? Would the bought amity of France or America better replace the un bought protection of England ; and, were it even secured, are they certain to succeed ? But the Irish are not united ; as for Protestants and Dissenters, they are totally opposed. Are the repealers willing, single handed, to engage the might of England; are they prepared to wage a civil war with their countrymen ? Surely there are other and better remedies in store ? In Ireland there is a surplus of hands beyond the demand ; the population is never fully employed, while the pressure from without causes labour to be performed on terms altogether incompatible with a decent subsistence. The perishable potatoe is the only food which can be habitually reckoned on ; and when, as often happens, the supply is bad or deficient, and when the winter store deteriorates as spring comes round, the wants of the people are miserably aggravated. The deficiency in other articles of prime necessity is almost equally great. The attire is at once wretched, sordid, miserable. As regards the men, clothes, which h ave serve d th e coarse necess i t i es of half-a-dozen individuals ; as respects women and children, a flimsy cotton print, with a sad deficiency of woollen and linen under-garments. In the country a mud cabin, perhaps windowless, chimneyless ; in town, a garret, a cellar, or a nook in some wretched court, constitutes the protection against our often wet and dreary winters. And even of these, the wretched occupants continue to sublet a portion to casual way farers more outcast than themselves. It may be conceived what dens of disease such habitations prove • accordingly, sickness and death, with fever and all its sweltering horrors, are never absent. In 1780 and 1817, severally, eighty thou sand. persons were carried off by fever, which, if we reckon the mortality at one in thirty, gives for each of those years an aggregate of two hundred and forty thousand sick. What of the sufferers on such occa sions ; what of friends and relatives whose time is occupied and substance exhausted ; what heads of families torn away ; what anguish—what despair ? Of all the enemies of Ireland, commend me to the absentee, to him who, with u nscru p u l ous d eser ti on o f all the duties connected with home and country, spends abroad the pittance wrung from the vitals of an impoverished peasantry. I know it has been asserted that absenteeism entails no pecuniary disad vantage ; but I shall merely ask whether the four or five millions annually abstracted from a community like that in Ireland, constitute no loss; or whether this sum, if circulated by the unwearying hand of human industry, would not be calculated to ensure comfort and competence to myriads ? How, I would inquire, is production to be carried on without money ca pital ; or, how, without it, are'the endlessly diversified capabilities of soil and climate to receive suitable ex pansion ? No, the absentee is among the worst enemies of Ireland. It occurs to me when I think of mouldering halls, and the silent park where the mansion-house stood, but stands no more, with what new titles we might in vest the absent owners. Here then, were the abode of Duke Hardheart, that the Earl of Rattledice's ; here the Castle of Lady Smallbrains, that the whilome seat of the Countess of Dissipation. I have stood on the strand where rows of roofless cabins attested the former presence of human life and industry. Look at that blackened wall ! Where are they whom it once sheltered ? where the hard-working peasant, the anxious busy mother, the maiden whose carolling was heard so early in the morn, and the children whose little feet went to and fro—where, absentee, where ?—borne to the sordid town, the hospital. Who is that with haggard countenance—now he gasps, anon he picks the bed-clothes with his hands ! The nurse plies the grateful wine in vain, the physi cian shakes his head and passes on ; for why, the peasant's course is ended, his life is done ; nor can the tears of that spent and faithful woman, nor the sad inquiring face of the last and youngest, avail to stay the parting agony. Hark ! it is the dead rattle; now—no once again ; now indeed, it is over for ever more; the peasant has sped to a land where the bird thereof will not tear down his dwelling, or expel him and his from the light of his protection ! Mother and child are gone ; the child has lain down amid the straw, he asks why his father is away. But where is the blythe daughter the while ? There, pale, trembling, by that flickering lamp; the rains pours, perchance it blows, no matter; she must earn the wages of corruption, or go homq o her garret and work die. But th e son , the s and strive and ..curdy son, who was to Lool , .- wake all things square, where is he ? - across the ocean—to far America ; there, hard by the canal, in the swamp, are rows of graves. In one of these, with others of his race, victims to and neglect in a foreign land, lies o l r i ir es no tl' in - ore 1 man ; his hand is cold, he'll young Irish- Whodoes mineralsnot are insuffick, it - su hareivPotYd ll the ou sth‘% r il f rrn ew in tnanUfactories g population ; tha l t V our ho neglected ; the tenure a the; .at our fisheries are rodtice precarious;low tht rents are high, while that land, even on these ter , m t s oo . ge i nerally, is , is et and sub-let, so as no longer to afford the peasant is ground d a decent subsistence; and that own, vvh-o- his humble necessaries - oy the outlay for jury levies ' " a net:ivy rent-charge, grand ,. __, was, taxes, poor-rates, and the support, ac once onerous and unavoidable, of Protestant, Catholic;, Presbyterian- and other establishments ? The land is overst o cked with labourers, the towns with artisans ; while every trade, profession, calling, swarms with needy candidates for employment. There are fbw or nb public works, no Government dock-yards, and, with excellent harbours i no foreign packet station. In other respects, we have canals on which one sees nothing but turf-boats; a matchless custom-house where there is no trade, and a cycle harbour Which only serves to shelter fishermen. The centralization principle, carried too far, has drawn away the emoluments connected with most of the public offices; money does not circulate; and if any one e*perience unusual losses in his calling, he finds the utmost difficulty in retrie*ing• theta, In a word, the people do not receive adecittate employment at home, and are too generally destitnte of the means to seek it abroad. hbfore any searehing remedies for Irish grievances can be adopted, there must be a proper understanding with the parties to be relieved. The task must be entered into with vigour, and a firm determinati on to prohe the Oanket to the bottom, and eradicate it. If Ministers for the day, if lion. ltletnbers set out with repugnance and disgust, view the affair as a nuisance to be abated and abandoned, ho w d o th e y expect they will accomplish their undertaking, or conciliate those whom it most concerns ? The Irish, too, must relinquish their prejudices, their ostentation, their pride, their desire to spend before they earn, their distorted conceptions, and their expectations, often sadly at variance with the every-day realities 01 life. I would adjure the political agitator, ere he evoke the vengeance of heaven and earth on English misrule, to correct his own faults. Man, have you never been your own enemy ? have you never slept the hours you should have been waking; never passed in rude debauchery . the time that should have been spent with your anxious partner, in instructing your children, and in making provision for the period of age and sickness which is sure to come, and which often, alas too often, finds you wholly unprepared ? Among other follies of which we have been guilty, is the recent attempt to found a barrier on the dis tinction of race, as if Saxons were better or worse than Celts ; Celts than Saxons. But the fact assumed is quite otherwise ; the aborigines of these islands were all Celts ! Are not Irish, Gaelic, Welsh, Cor nish, dialects of one and the same language, once spoken over Great Britain and Ireland by a race that has left indelible traces of its existence in the remains of its language, and the still adherant name 3 of places? In England the after irruption of Romans, Saxons, and Norsemen settled in France, gave rise to a diver sified population, just as the invasion and settlement of Ireland by Danes, Normans, Saxons, and Welsh led to a,similar result here. It is unlikely that there is a single Irishman, whatever it may be in the high lands of Scotland or Wales, who can boast unmingled Celtic descent; and were it even otherwise, the gain would be very small. The Deity, who knows better than us all, has designed his children, Celt, Saxon, and Norman, alike to mingle together; and wherever a consummation so desirable fails to be realised, de terioration and decay are the only results. Freer ingress as regards tho productions of other countries, freer egress as regards our own, would, I conceive, a high degree of prosperity both for England and Ireland. Abolition of the corn-laws is not perhaps the commercial avatar which some esteem it; but as matters now are, abolition would doubtless pova.of - the - utmost importance to Great Britain and the world. Providence dictates; reason suggests, the unshackled interchange of every production of men's hands, of every growth of the soil. I need not dilate on the rival establishments too often . the result of British gold and influence, or the'singular anomaly in ' America of the trees of the forest giving way, not to fields of corn, but mules and spinning-jennies, the fruits of our restrictions ; I would merely advert to the fact, th a t i n Ireland there are hosts of idle, im poverished individuals, to whom free trade would prove the signal for occupation and competence. Our linen manufacture would be - revived, d almost un productive fisheries encouraged, and our korts would become emporiums for all nations. The' vast increase of occupation in England, whose %Vo'rkslops would ring again with the varied processes,Oliek multiplied industry, would create an incessaht demand for Ireland's sons, then sure to receive hearty well paid welcome. Pat might then rear his. Cabin by the pleasant shores and green-hill slopes of his native country ; then might he have land and the means of paying for it too; while dark-cyed girls and curly headed boys, no more to perish in aguish America abroad, or of want-created disease at home, would gladden his heart ! Let the holder of the soil have a longer, say a twenty-year? lease, with security for specific outlay and improvements, and let the landlord realise those admirable agricultural improvements for which Ire land is so well adapted, and for which the tenant would so gladly pay. With drainage, sub-soil ploughing, alternate grain and green crops, change of seed, turnip culture, and to a certain extent spade labour, incalculable advantages would be realised by the tenantry and community at large. The landlord might, with great propriety, lay down a mode of cul ture mainly founded on the Scotch system, and see that it was carried into effect. At present, the country is not half tilled; it is just as if so much land or produce were cast into the sea. Irrespective of defective culture, vast tracts are wholly wire claimed ; rich slopes subsist to the south and west, which no plough disturbs, and into which no spade delves ; while mountains that might be planted to the summit, are with few exceptions, bare and barren. The proprietors, I submit, should be compelled to plant these mountains, to reclaim those wastes. Un like Mr. Blacker or Lord Headley's agent, agents in general, have neither the power nor the means to insure the proper culture of the soil. Let the land lords, then, go home and do it. Who, and what are they to absent themselves from the country of their birth, at any rate the community, to which by all the ties of property and humanity they belong ? Either a heavy absentee tax should be levied, or the rents, with narrow restrictions, handed over to the actual resident owner of the soil. Thus peace and plenty, contentment and capital, would spread over the land, and propitious Astreea be seen again to smile. The anxiety on the part of the labouring classes in this country to obtain a little ground is very great, and has been turned to rich account in the way of high rents, renewal fines, fines for abating rent, and the like. Does any one propose to leave his holding, eager competitors are willing to bestow what should seem the value of the ground ; but this, which is termed buying land, only confers the privilege of paying rents, fines, tithes, taxes, cess, as may be. In my opinion, it should be optional with the tenant to purchase, at least in part, the fee of the soil. That this is feasible may be seen from the example of the Channel islands, where poverty and wretchedness are unseen. In some cases the landlord in Guernsey and Jersey retains a lien on the soil, which is acknowledged by a proportionate yearly payment, to the mutual advantage of the joint own ers. An industrious proprietary has banished mendi cancy from France. I should consider the general introduction of such an arrangement, such as that which subsists in the Channel islands, as great an advance in civilization as the abolition of serfage itself. The slave must be supported, whether he work or remain at rest, whereas the Irish labourer, in one sense the slave of many masters, starves in the intervals of employment ! Thanks to the home consumption and to John Bull's enduring appetite, to the union, and to steam, the poor Irish trader often brings his produce to a good market. Fair weather or foul, he crosses the channel with as little hesitation as if it were the next parish, and disposes of his live and dead stock to the highest bidder. Many, considering their station in life, thus realise a fair independence. This, therefore, would enable such to purchase their holdings, and further facilities might be afforded by means of loans. As at present conducted, loans, what with bonds, deeds, searches, interests, and foreclosures, too often prove ruinous to the borrower. If a legis lative enactment enabled holders of land to purchase so as to become part proprietors, is it too much to expect that capitalists, well satisfied with their 4 or 5 per cent., would come forward with the requi site amount ? For what can be more anomalous than a condition of society that compels a hard-wrought race of men to borrow money on .usurious terms, while the despairing capitalist is obliged to retain vast sums in his coffers, for which he can realise no ade quate return ? In Prussia, Poland, and Belgium the Governments respectively have established a fund for the express relief of landholders, who may borrow any sum not exceeding half the value of their unencumbered pro perty; for this 6 per cent. per annum—in the Duchy of Posen it is less--4 per cent. for interest, and two for cancelling the debt, is paid during eight-and twenty years, at the expiry of which period the debt, both principal and interest, without costs, fresh loan, or ruinous foreclosure, is extinguished. These loans are duly registered, the lender holding in return scrip or notes (Pfandbrief), which pass from hand to hand as money. Sustained by the credit of a whole community on the imperishable basis of the soil, they are even preferred to gold ; circulation does not re duce their value, and, still more ~-`" are earning their i . e. the 1-1 _ -.Luce gold, they -we.“ per cent. while in the chest of - As two per cent. is yearly poured into the treasury of the fund, the owners of the pawn briefs, when a certain sum has accumulated, are paid off by lot in succession, the debtors of course continu ing to hand in their six per cent. per annum, to the end of the eight-and -twenty years. 'ls there any reason why this system of loans should not obtain currency, or indeed wilytlie scrip of our national stock should not circulate as current cash ? How prodigious the impetus which every species of indus try would experience by the circulation of an inde structible paper money equivalent in amount to our present mortgage bonds. It can only, I should conceive, prove a question of time. Prussia, under Frederick 11., devastated by the seven years' war, owed her social regeneration to the pawn-brief sys tem. Poland.--not to speak of Belgium —was almost equally benefited. Even at the taking of Warsaw, as during all the previous unhappy struggles, the pawn-briefs, which John Czynski states could at any time be exchanged for gold, never once lost their value Emigration to other, as yet unpeopled, portions of God's earth, seems a natural resort when population presses on the means of subsistence; but the love of home and kindred, with the cost and risk of transit, are weighty impediments. The first might be overcome by numerous individuals starting from the same dis trict and settling in the same locality; the expense, as regards the poorer classes, I really , think ought to be defrayed 'by Government. Emigrants are often so unaware of the soil and climate of the place of their election ; so deficient in resources ; so ignorant of the best means of proceeding, as to suffer miserably in the attempt. They venture in unseaworthy ves sels; perchance their provisions run short; the place is unhealthy, or the demand for their labour nil. Multitudes of the poorer Irish perish in different parts of the United States—eigh thundred, I believe, annually, in New Orleans—of the effects of climate alone ; while many are condemned to in occupation and all its consequent wretched ness. I am surprised at the apathy with which this great empire sees its life-blood, as the hardy labouring population may well be termed, squandered in a region, and amid a people in some respects so inimical as those of the United States. There are tracts in the Canadas, the uplands of British Guiana, the Cape, the western shores of America, New Zealand, and Australia, where the people and the institutions of Great Britain and Ire land might wax and thrice for ever more. A few of our unemployed ships of war night at a moderate expense be made the means of throwing a tide of population on the places I have named, to the great advantage of the emigrants, and incredible relief of those they left behind. Much has been done of late years to promote edu• dation among the Irish poor, but I do not:think sufficient attention is paid to impart a mastery over the mother tongue, and thus to lay open the endless appliances for mental cultivation, which this - single ufmrebmineorsre school adra advanced acquirement would realise. Education, too, has be come sectarian ; and children of different persuasions, who should learn and play with each other, without a thought of such matters, are imbued with exelu siveness from the cradle. National seminaries might be better organised, and teachers of a higher grade, interchanged too- with those of England and Scotland, employed. A . Piece of ground where agricultural and h o rticultural pro cesses. might be taught on a limited , yet "et" with octupa scale, should be attached to every school. 1 The various handicrafts as regards the boys, tions suitable to females, should be attended to Within of poor children, I am sorry to say, keep awa y because destitute of food and culture, there -` f ' - clothes • is it chimerical to suggest, does not puma. nity dictate that this drawback should be overctir- As reg ards N one or. more schools, gymnasia, or coll.- hundred thousand of the populat;' them endowed - by — Groverup- -- - - - , to the public; ithik-A19 1 4 *Wit -~ . .1 0 i di MOSE AND COMi`►MERCIAL NEWS CITY,MONDAY EVENING. The English Stock Market closed well, and there was a fair business done. Consols were 96i to 97 for Money and Account. Exchequer Bills continued the same. The Reduced Three-and-a-Half per Cents., and the New, were without alteration. Spanish was barely supported, a sale or two having been made. The Five per Cents. closed at 22+ and the Three per Cents. at 30+ to 31. Mexican Deferred rose to 101, and Chilian to 101. These were the only changes. The additional transactions in Railway Shares have been these :—Bristol and Exeter were 5, and South Eastern 13+ discount. Edinburgh and Glasgow, 7, ditto Registered, 1 ; ditto Fifths, 7 ; Hull and Selby, 6i ; ; Croydon Scrip, 50 Midland Counties Quarter, 6+; Norwich and Brandon, 2 ; Newcastle and Darlington, 12A ; North Midland Thirds, 284 ; Paris and Orleans, 131 to 134 ; Paris and Rouen, 12+ to 12+ ; Yarmouth and Norwich, 34 ; York and North Midland, 70 pre mium. Australasia Bank Shares were 3,1 to 41, ditto New, 2 ; London Joint Stock, 124 ; Provincial of Ireland, 4, ex dividend, 17 ; and Union of Australia, 2+ premium. Colonial were 14+ to 13+. discount. (From The Sun of Last Night.) In the Cotton market at Liverpool, on Saturday, the sales were 10,000 bales, of which speculators took 6,000 bales, and prices in some instances advanced 4d. per lb. The improvement, however, was not general. A fair amount of business was done in Shares, and the market was firmer :—Edinburgh and Glasgow were 574 ; Great Western, Fifths, 18+ ; Brighton, 434 ; Manchester and Birmingham, 38+ ; North Midland, 91 ; Paris and Orleans, 33 ; Paris and Lyons, 2/. 16s. 6d. ; Paris and Rotten, 32+ ; South Listern, 36 ; and ditto, New, 36+. The private advices from the United States and Canada are not of very great interest. We find that in Canada the pros pect of the formation of a new Cabinet by Sir Charles Met calfe was expected soon to be accomplished, as the more re spectable portion of the inhabitants were ready to support him in the administration of his Government. And indeed most of the gentry, merchants, and others, in Kingston, had addressed his Excellency, approving of his Government. In his reply, Sir C. sletcalfe said, " I prize those sentiments ,of loyalty to our gracious Sovereign, and attachment to the mother country, which you evince, and which form the only sure basis on which the welfare of this colony, as an integral portion of the British Empire, can be firmly established. On such feelings, I piece my reliance for success in my resolution to devote myself to the service of this province, and in my endeavours to promote the prosperity and happiness of every class of its inhabitants." The season has set in, the thermometer being down to Zero. There had been some good sleighing. The session of the Colonial Legislature had been abruptly terminated, and we learn that the Governor-General had shown something like temper in she proceeding. Tne United States advises do not possess any importance, and it is not necessary to refer to them here, as in another co lumn of The Sun further details are given. An improvement has taken place in the public securities this morning. Consols for Money opened at 963 4 , and they are now at 97, rather buyers. The purchases of the Com missioners to-day, amounted to 20,000/. Consols at 97, principally, we hear, for the Savings' Banks. If any investment were made for the redemption of debt, it waa not announced. Money has become rather more in request, and a few sales of Exchequer Bills have taken place, but the premium has not been reduced below 6.55. India Bonds touched 81s. early in the day, but they are now 795. premium. In the heavy Stocks but slight variations have occurred. Bank Stock has advanced to 1674, and India Steck to 273. For Portuguese Converted Stock a considerable demand has prevailed this morning, and an improvement has taken place from 441 to 454. We have not heard of any news of im portance from Lisbon, to account for this rise. Spanish Stock remains very nearly the same as on Saturday, the Five per Cents. at 224 to -X, and the Three per Cents. at 31 and 314. Dutch Stock is firm. Venezuelan Two per Cent. Bonds have been sold at 36i ; Mexican at 321 and 4 ; Colombian, ex Venezuelan, at 11, and Chilian at par. In the Railway Share Market we have to notice an improve ment in the Great Western to 33 premium ; in the London and Birmingham (New Quarter Shares) to 264 premium; and the Northern and Eastern have, as well as several other shares, fallen back a little. The Colonial Bank Shares have receded to 144 discount. MANCHESTER „STOCK. EXCHANGE, JAN. 13.-0 u market evinces rather more firmness to-day, without change in prices. Manchester and Birmingham, 31 to 38i ; Edinburgh and Glasgow, 56-i to 57i ; Ditto, Quarters, 14k to j' • Manchester and Leeds Q uar t ers , g* to ; Paris and Lyons 2 4 to 3 ; Bolton and P res t on , 25i to ; Manchester and Liverpool District Bank, 91. - - CLOSING PRICES. BRITISH FUNDS. B ,nk Stock lB7 ;India Stock 3 rice Cent. Red. 3 ,er Cent. Cons. ... 961 ;Ditto Old Annuities... 3i pJr Cent. Red... 1021 ;Ditto New Annuities... i.New 3i per Cent.... 1011 lEx. Bills, 1,000!. lid. 67 pm N‘tw 5 per Cen:. — Ditto 500/...... 67 pm Long Annuities to expire Ditto Small Jan. 1860 ... ...... 124 Bank Stock for Acct. 1874 Oct. 1859 Jan. 1860 ... FOREIG •ta.ltrian, 5 per cent Belgian. per cent Brazilian Bonds... R lent* Ayres 6 per cent — Dnilian, 6 per cent. lOl Columbian, 6 per cent — Ditto 1824 Cuba Bonds, 6 per cent lll Danish, 3 per sent Greek, 1825, 5 per cent — Mexican, 5 per cent. Ditto, 6 per cent. 1837 Peruvian, 1825,6 per ct. NT FUNDS. Portuguese, 5 per cent. j Ditto, New Ditto Prussian, 5 per cent — Russian, 5 per cent Ditto, Metallic .... S anish 5 per cent 221 Ditto, 3 per cent 3l Ditto, Deferred.... ~ 121 French, 5 per cent. —f. —e. Exchange........ —c. French, 3 per cent. —f. —c. Dutch, 21 per cent. 541 Ditto, 5 per cent.... 1001 SH A Bristol and Exeter (70 I): 65 Eastern Counties (23 paid)...... ....... lOl Ditto New Registered ( paid) l2& Edinburgh and Glasgow (50 paid) 57 Ditto Registered (12i paid) ..... 14i Great Western (75 paid) lOB Ditto Fifths (12 paid) Hull and Selby (50 paid) London and Bir—' ES. id) ... ...... ..... irminghard (100 paid).. Ditto New Quarter Shares ( 2 paid) 2Bl London and Croydon Railway (Trunk) ... 15i Ditto Scrip ( 5 paid)... Midland Counties Railway (100 paid) Ditto Quarter Shares ( 15 paid) 214 Nialvich and Brandon (2 paid) ..... Newcastle and Darlington Junction(ls paid' 271 North Midland (100 paid) Ditto Thirds (211. 13s. 4d. paid) ...... ... 301 Paris and Orleans (20 paid) .. Paris and Rouen (20 paid)... .... 32/ South Eastern and Dover (50 paid). ..... Yarmouth and Norwi3h (13 paid).....‘ l6l York and North Midland (50 paid) .. .. 120 FLANDERS MAIL. BRUSSELS, JAN. 12.—The Minister of the Interior will very shortly distribute a great work on educa tion in Belgium. It is a complete history of educa tion since 1794. The collection of documents forms the half of two large octavo volumes. We are not aware that any work so complete as this exists in any country of Europe. At the opening of the sitting of the Chamber of Representatives to-day, M. de Roo presented the Report on the petitions relative to the transit of cattle by the railway, proposing to refer these petitions to the Minister of Finance, asking him for explanation. Several Members wished the Report to be printed, and discussed on Monday. The Minister of Finance observed that the Royal Decree of Sept. 23 having been adopted by his advice and that of the Minister of the Interior, the Report should be referred to both. M. Mulon, and some other members, affirmed that the decree in question was illegal, for that it could not be founded on the law of the 28th March last, which authorises the Government to modify the regulations concerning the transit. The Members decided that the Report should be referred to the two Minic . :, ers. The Chamber then resumed, and conclude: the debate on the budget of the Department of Justice, which was voted unanimously. Tte sum voted is 10,983,000 f. NAVAL. BENEVOLENT INSTITU, TION. A quarterly meeting of the subscribers and Mends of this Institution was held at the Tiattehed House Tavern, St. James's-street, yesterday, at twelve o'clock, Captain Fead, R..N., in the chair. The Re port was read by the Secretary, from which it ap peared that, from the year 1826 to 1837, the funds of the Society had very much decreased, but since the latter year, up to 1842, they had progressively increased. Notwithstanding the great pecuniary depression which had been felt by similar institutions, the amount at present in the hands of the Treasurer was 771., out of which the sum of 5001. had to be voted towards the relief of distressed persons connected with the navy. Since the last meeting of the Society the death of Sir Graham Moore, who was one of the Vice-Presidents, had taken place. The Directors had also the painful duty to perform of announcing the death of Admiral Sir Thomas Wil liams' of the Royal Naval Female School at Rich mond. This institution sprang out of the Naval Be nevolent Institution. The Report referred to a state ment which had appeared in the newspapers, to the effect that the funds of the Society were improperly applied. A letter had appeared in one of the newspapers, con taining statements which were altogether false and unfounded. On the motion of Mr. Rowland and Lieutenant Bedford the thanks of the meeting were unanimously given to Captain Dickson, the Secretary of the Institution. Notice of a motion was given by Capt tain Marshall, R.N., to the effect that the Society shall endeavour to get the law altered which obliges the widows of naval men to administer for all sums of prize -money or freight due to their deceased husbands, if the amount should be more than 321. Vice-Ad miral Sir Willoughby Lake was then Vice-President of the Society, l^ —epointed Graham Moore. Thaw--, the room of Sir for his liberal were voted to E ar l M anvers the me7;i:mg separat e d. tionation t o th e S oc i ety; after which AFFRAY Wits rOACHERS AT WORSBOROUGH.— Very early on Sunday morning, some shots were heard in a Small fir wood adjoining to Worsborough Hall, the residence of W. B. Martin, Esq. That gentleman and his servants, with the gamekeeper, were aroused and made towards the spot ; but previous to the whole force collecting, two of the watchers came in collision with a gang of poachers, and were severely handled by them their guns were broke ; a fine dog that seized one of the poachers was shot ; and one of the watchers, named Ro binson, was wounded, hiving received several heavy blows, which inflicted a dreadful gash on his head. Be fore Mr. Martin and his servants arrived, the poachers had made their escape into an adjoining wood.—Leeds Mercury STRAND THEATRE. A new one-act farce, from the pen of Peake (we presume an adaptation from the French) was produced at this theatre last evening, under the title of Madelon; or, The Devil of a Dancing-master. The scene i s l a id in a French village, in the time of Louis XV. Madelon (Mrs. Montgomery) is an orphan girl, living with her aunt, the hostess of the village inn. Monsieur Salathiel (Mr. Alfred Wigan), the Devil of a Dancing-master, is the dancing-master of the village, and has been in days of yore the principal dancing devil at the Grand Opera. He makes love both to Madelon and to her aunt, to Madelon for the sake of her beauty, and to the aunt for the sake of her purse. Madelon, however, treats him with contempt, for she loves Pierre Paul Placidon (Wilkinson), an honest journeyman -hatter. A carriage drives up to the door of the inn, and Mademoiselle Guimard (Miss Fitzjames), a danseuse from the Grand Opera, accompanied by her l over , rus h in to seek for refuge from the persecution of the Prince de Soubise and Madame du Barry. Mademoiselle Gui mard had been, in former days, kind and charitable to Madelin's mother, and the grateful girl determines to render her every assistance. The Prince de Soubise arrives, and Mademoiselle Guimard effects her escape, leaving Madelon disguised in her cloak and bonnet. The devotion of Madelon, however, rouses the jealousy of Placidon; and Salathiel, who seems to delight in mischief making, lends his assistance to increase the imbroglio. All, however, is cleared np at the conclusion, and Madelon and Placidon are made happy. The quiet humour of Wil kinson told excellently in Placidon,and Wigan, as Salathiel, j umped about as though his limbs were of Indian rubber. Mrs. Montgomery as Madelon was admirable. This lady thoroughly understands the French character, and de lineates it to the life. Her Madelon had all the vivacity, the elegance, the espieglerie, and the warmheartedness of a genuine French girl. There were several little touches of pathos in the part, which were exquisitely given. Nothing, for instance, could be better than the descr;j,ti on of the visit of Mademoiselle Guimard to thP distressed family of Madelon's parents. It was ' ful. We should like much to see this °eau& .: - ' Lady in tragedy. s Adele,e/eann anddwfaosl l o p w r preceded d b e y d I b , y Hod well successful drama of the banjo play The lle ii " eat g r g 's er g " ra s le ng c s o n o c f u P d a e d l m t e h r e evening's amusements, The house was exceedingly 'ffe2.l tilled. MUSIC OF IRELAND.-CROSBY HALL. _ _ It is quite impossible, in the space of a newspaper cri ticism, to do anything like Justice to the masterly lecture delivered last evening, upon the National Music of Ireland, by Mr. F. H. Horncastle, at Crosby Hall. A close note of the doctrinal and controversial part of Mr. Horncastle's eloquent and simple discourse would fill three or four columns, and even then the report would be inadequate, because we know of no shorthand which would enable us to carry I from the concert-room and convey to our readers the peculiar richness of the Lecturer, in his illustrations on the chaste, sweet, and exact tones of his charming choir, Miss Cubitt and Miss Porter. The whole credit of the fine effect produced last evening by those faultless illustrations must not be given to those ladies and to the Lecturer, who is the most perfect barrytone in England, for Miss Le Roy has completely rid herself of the Italianisms which we have been obliged, on former occasions, to censure, and she played " Fin M'Coul's March" with a tenderness of truth and strength of expression which the warrior bard, the author of this glorious melody, might hear with envy. The correctness and truth . of the Professor pervaded his entire corps, and the symphonies were executed by Mr. Jolly in a style so faultless that, if they were played as separate pieces, they would have been as eagerly encored, as they were warmly applauded. Mr. Horncastle shed a new light upon the history, as well as the science of music; and he concluded his delightful lecture with a promise that, in the course of his series, he will prove that Iretia_of t ' which be is not a native—metits the 'ppellation of • " Land of Song." .‘e AMUSING A thfo --at:CDOTE OT THE QUEUN...•-It is stated on one occasion, when on a visit to Wentworth House, the Royal party were perambulating the grounds, when, being in advanee of the mst, the Princess Victoria was respectfully cautioned by an under gardener not to go down a certain walk, as the rain hail Made the ground "slape." " Slape ! slape r' retorted the Princess, with the characteristic ra pidity and inquisitiveness of her illustrious grand father, George III.;" " and pray what is slape 7" " Very slippery, Miss—your Royal Highness-m-Ma arnl" replied the worthy man. " Oh! that's all," she rejoined;. " thank you !" and, as she proceeded, resolved to try this slape" ground against which she had been cautioned ; but she had not proceeded far when the gardener's predictions were realised, and down she fell. " There 1" shouted the noble owner of the grounds, who had observed all that had passed from a short distance, 'and who, on perceiving that no injury was done to his noble and young guest, laughed most heartily; "now your Royal Highness has received.' an explanation of the term 'ilape,' both theoretically and practically !" "yes, my Lord," Tejoined the good humoured Victoria, "I thinki have. I shall never forget: the word 4 alspe.!n—fraser's Magazine. ~~~77 . t5.31'il 11) LLOYD'S SHIPPING. LONDON, JAN. 15.—Wind N.N.E., and cloudy. RAMSGATE, JAN. 14.—Arrd. Josephine, Borga for Cette, with starboard quarter stove in, having been in contact with a French barque off Dungeness. Sld. Antoinette, Texas. The Anna Cecilia, Thomas, of Al tona, from Hamburgh to Buenos Ayres, struck on the Goodwin Sands yesterday, but was got off and brought up in Margate Roads. DEAL, JAN. 14. Wind A.M., E.N.E., moderate ; N.E., fresh.—Sld. Shepherdess, Batavia ; Pathfinder, Calcutta ; Curlew Bay ; Conservative, St. He lena ; George, iAI Charleston; Brothers, New York; Terra Nora, Newfoundland ; Conservative, Jamaica ; Danske Eeg, East Indies ; Wallace, Adler, and Sir Charles Forbes, New York. SOUTHAMPTON, JAN. 14.—Arrd. Pacha, steamer, 'Gibraltar. PLYMOUTH, Jax. 14.—Wind, N.E.—Arrd. her Ma jesty's ship Resistance, Cork ; Jessie, Ritchie, Haven nah ; Hope, Newfoundland ; H.M.S. Larne, Sheerness ; H.N.M.S. Lausier, Texel for Africa, towed in, having been totally dismasted on the 10th instant, between the Isle of Wight and Cherbourg. MILFORD, Jsx. 13.—Arrd. Esther, Shedding, Cal cutta for Liverpool, left St. Helena, Nov. 24. DOVER, JAN. 14.—Arrd. Elizabeth, London for China, leaky. AL F MOUTH, JAN. 14.—Wind, N.E., fresh breeze.— Arrd. Jeune France, Havre for St. Thomas. Off, Louis, Jensen, Buenos Ayres for Antwerp; Caroline, London for Jamaica .„Fortuna, Hamburgh for Havannah. BRISTOL,JAN. 13.—Sld. Leader, Trinidad. 14, Ca roline, Tobago. - LIVERPOOI„ JAN. 14; Wind, N.E. light.—Arrd. Orlando, Cockerill, Maranham ; Apollo, Scudder, Sa vannah ; Hibernia, steamer ; Judkine, Boston, left lst instant. Sld. Symmetry, Bombay ; Firefly and Gran ville, Africa ; Penelope, Rio ; Delaware, France, Rappahannock, Bengal, New Orleans ; Margaret Pollok and Tarquin, Mobile ; St. George and Roscius, New York ; Hirondelle, Maracaibo ; Chaire Marius, It WHITEHAVEN, JAN. 12.—Sld. Brazil, packet, Antigua. e c x o i n co x : Com pt on, jA Ch ar l es t on ; J a mes Ca s ki e , Vi rg i n i a . N.12._ Arra. Eliza Ann, Bell, and Ram bler, Bruce, St. Domin go . A brig apparently English, was on shore on Atwood's Quay, on the 16th ult., with SHIELDS, JAN. 14.—Th e H ercu l es , Wood, from Aber deengtwosails tothfliysin , and app are ntly much down at the stern. port, in making the harbour last night, got on the Herd Sand, and drove over on the beach, where she remains ; cre w. saved. WHITBY, JAN. 13.—The Th omas an d James Brown, Brown, from Shield s , l y i ng at t h e Middle Wharf here, started her stern p os t, an d sun k , b u t h as been got afloat, after sTito 3EdisicNhasrting pa r t o f cargo . , JAN. s.—The Theodore Remick, from the Baltic, which p ut i n leaky, must di s charge part o f cargo, which, it is feared, is damaged. YARMOUTH, J AN. 14.—The William, from Hull to Plymouth, has been assisted in here leaky, having been on the Long Sand, and must discharge. HULL, JAN. 13. The Viscount Downe, Hart, from Hamburgh to London, struck on Haisbro Sand, 10th , inst., and sunk; c rew saved. COULTESAY, J AN . 8. The Active, Dishon, which sailed from Jochindahl 4th inst., has put back to that harbour, with loss of bowsprit, and other damage, hav ing been in contact with the Sally, of Gailistown. Nola"( RoNALDSH AY , JAN. 10.—The Anna, Jost, from Riga to Belfast, has been assisted into Widewell Bay, diimasted, &c., during a gale at S. yesterday. FALMOUTH, JAN. 13.—The Waterwitch, Clark, Keitch, which arriv e d h ere 7th inst., after at-" .. the Manach Rock s , h as b een surveyed, Ir . ' - : •4Kin g on her cargo. fr --+'..,u Is discharg i ng COWS, JAN. 13 - ' York for 1-1 . -" .--Arra. Harvest, Haskell, New experienced very bad weather. j S A t N o : re l 3", -- S W L Al f rd o . nTri m ozr a n n: with sails split, loss of boats. Henri" .At:u H j n o d h N if . s ; , an ic d e l w 4t 14th, demi New York; her Majesty's steamer renelope, on a c u ruize: Ditto, Alban, Cork. (1' ;, Scot s man, Jamaica. - DART I4 ° I 7.;;, JAN: jI I3.--Sd. Jeune Evariste, St. Tb s. Aupsonounit, JAIL 14.—The broadside of a vessel of about 1 0 0 tons has been brought in here, the deck is re potted to have come on shore at Suzewell Gap, and a quantity of wreck at Thorpness. HARWICH, JAN. 13.—A small fishing smack belong ing to Grimsby was lost on the Shipwash yesterday-- crew saved. Part of the hull of a small vessel ; with other wreck, has been brought in here to-day. JERSEY, ;AN. 9.-Sid. Trust, llarbadoes. 10th. Doris, Elio Janeiro. YARMOUTH, JAN. 12.—A barque got in the Peghtle yesterday, but succeeded in getting clear, and proceeded Southward. DINGLE, JAN. 9.--Acrd. Shannonw Vintry tiotid9n; out 144 days. HOYLE, JAN. 11.--Arrd. Horn, London for Vera Cruz. OFF THE WIGHT, JAN. 11.--Gertrudeb Brouershoen; for Batavia. OFF SOUTH FOREUNti, JAN. 11 . —Henrietta and Bertha, Hamburgh for St. Thomas ; Egmond and Noord Holland_; Amsterdam for. Surinam. OFF DARTMOUTH, JAN. 12. - -Johanna, Hamburgh for Maranham. eliugehederr.atand to 4 great t* , '• STATE Or TRADE.—The tlettlaritiAohi-„ihhOs pair The Workmen are for the time of the year, but the new prices of cottons and yarns, are not yet realised - by the manufacturer. Wools still indicate a tendency to advance, and yarns, f w u e ll tent on speculation for the openi ng s o f 0, _ , yareemi althoughn p f l p4 . 7 o e , dare r ath rather Match or April.--.Lei'n:ranire Al . .. ...ie spring trade in ercury. Lady D - ___torowe, accompanied by a splendid suite, irriTed . in ; Loudon. es ti ifir bunday by the General. Steam INTai.. 6 ;;;lon' Company's Mail-Packet Ocean ) CaPt) John Stranock, from Rotterdath) after a due passtio, . • h ut or witurr.:--riikoittatioi- Oil' M.P.s.—On Tuesday last, 54 young vagabonds) the offscoUrings of the County ) were reeeired at Parkhurst prison from the 1 Millhink _Penitentiary ; they Were all Marked with the initials M.P._Hampshire Independent. . We have . been informed that. Major Eldred Pot-. ,tiriger, C. 8., the heroic defender of Herat, is the bearer of the additional treaty from ChinaLby which Sir Henry Pottinger has so wisely secured our future intercourse, with China, from the. intrigues and cabals 'Of a host . of AinbaSSadora and Erivls . frotn European States,' and the " Rep u diat e d States. — Nava/ and Military Gazette. BROTuEET.T Lovz.- , --None but vain cozconibs, fools and rogues read , or patronise the Morning . Pool.— StaLlerd. .. • pspEsTitutund UtrrAluatatan.—B. Riding, alias the Morning Star, who has undertaken to walk 1,500 miles in 1,500 successive hours, last night, at 12 o'clock, completed. the unparalleled number of 1,120 miles, a feat hitherto unheard of, and there is not the least doubt (sickness and accidents accepted) that he will accomplish ,his arduous .undertaking, for which he has, as yet, been -but. very indifferently rewarded. He is walking frOui the Grey 4onnd Inn, York-road, to the Crow Trees and back; It is the Pedestrian's intention to walk one mile :at ' the'commencement of every hour for thio lait, 00 miles.--Leals Mercuric ' - ...'' 1. . , , " oti.).!: . .i.ii:i F.; it f101icit,.....:.; ~.,.;:.:. ~.1 lit,a.:'-;,i:s L.,....;... ijz lily( belabeb uoiloele rid ban i belonsvo t zto:zuto 1 r NS ve Fria '' 9: ' tb*. an en e g ar' kuPi ek l toln 0 " k, 4 [l5ll 11` 01 t° WWI