The Sun. — London, England, 1844-08-15 00:00:00

. 4. 110. im.....• r. , ght b , Fon t ite4 ,„ 4 . yal Br Ladeira. ton, Sill °lt pore on south, v he Ard€ uck on 6uk ; ma' iy:bOY M. W. na and bso 11, _ P() ; , G reps" — Jew Dr i u, nir Imirar . 1 "" Mary ~.„4 rn ; L tncesto 1r l l ' astillgiq • 6 so. f this ; pO, and has Jenkird , ~, with fill n d He w , ' .tcheu, Ist ins ; B 0 80; .stic, I re° it. G . .eorg es Off, 0 1 2, t5 ; thn's, , Havel ttis h : ith loss A schuoOt )ec. vey, Ch •- Ind' Gro a , run iwirA 3 the a )L. l° 3 Tort. ' es h breeo sh breeze; res, saileua ;12 tiOg At _ / no.- ed. Til ni ght, 1 0 : durin.g.' t o obtl omplishe ire be en aich hale Y of t he ': so ra il d e I f , bo-' ice of til e s fear 1 ,11 Lis itnou v in other is • bad eering inarl° on Mot' I coun" were cle" to 101c° on 5at' ..,,, " d., ling we e , • id o. , 13 , 8 e ge excur" 2,69 r 125, 35 0, sl to an eded by V w orm , , e ferir dap )ne °f was de" L-strest, f sos , the 3 tOO Frids: l ! A g .3 g e Ming to t a ilof to b e d to be lase; o nes . 010 • imr ---„j ed 0 COUNTRY BANK ISSUES. , The Lond on Gazette, of Tuesday evening, contains the 101 owing returns under the new " Act to make further T'rovision relative to the Returns to be made by Banks of the amount of their Circulation." The period is twelve Weeks prior to the 27th April last, and the average amount in each case is certified by two of her Majesty's Commissioners of Stamps : Car diff Bank, a t C ar diff.—W. Towgool and J. Carmarth en • Tonood . £7,001 •• Bank, at Carmarthen.—T. C. Morris an d W. 'Morris Colchester Hank, at Colchester.—G. Round. J Vlr. r Ctn ,E. Green, and Jo s h. P a tti s on 25,082 "'fsh Bank, at Truro, Falm•utli, and Relrutb '-', %V. Tweedy, J. Willi ams , W. M. T w edy, M A r illiatr i R. Tweedy, and J. M. Williams Bank.—William and Samuel Evans evi zes and Wiltshire Bank, Devizes.—Hughes, , Locke. Oli v i er , an d Saunders . -"orchester Old Bank, Dorchester, Weymouth, l 'Yine Regis, and Bridport.—R. Williams, R. Williams,B jun., and H. Willia m s ait-Riding Bank, at Beverley, Pickering, Malton, and Gr ea t D r iffi e ld . --B ower, Hutton, Hall, and "Hutton 53,392 ter City Bank, Exeter.—Milford, Snow, and ~.,. Splatt -Faversham Bank.— Hilton, Rigdon, and Jones /arnhatn Bank.—John and James Knight 14,202 Godalming Bank.—Mellersh and Keen Granth a m Bank.—Hardy, Walkingt on, and _,_ liardy ..... Gr antham and Felkingbam Bank.—Kewney and Xin g 19,401 . Guildford Bank, Guildford.—W. Ilaydon, Thos Haydon, Jos. Haydon, and Saml. Haydon 14,524 Hereford City and County Bank, Hereford.— M, atthews Phillips, and Matthews it untingdon'Town and Country Bank at Hunting ; , s . d oe, St. Tye's, and St. Neot's.—G. Rust, D. 4 -- . v ttgeY, and C. Veasey 56,591 Psweich Bank, Ipswich.—Bacon, Cobb o ld, Red . -,. W ell, and Cobbold 4-eeds Union Bank, Leeds.—Brown, J. Janson, ~ . H a rr, Whitt a k er , an d E. J anson 3 7,459 -L, lehfield Bank, Lichfield.—J. Palmer and R . i . Gre en 22,786 4.4u ghborough Bank Loughborough—Middleton, ~Chatterton, and Craddock 7,359 431 anningt ree Bank.—T. Nunn, C. Nunn, and T Nunn, jun. Marlborough Bank, Marlborough and Wilts Old Bank, Marlborough Old Bank, Marlborough Old Bank and Hungerford Bank, and Hunger ford Bank, at Marlborough and Hungerford.— Merionethshire ~.W. Tanner an d G . H . Pi nckney 19,073 Bank, Dolgelly.—Lewis Williams 10,906, Shrewsbury Old Bank, and Shrewsbury and Lud low Bank at Shrewsbury, Ludlow, and Elles- Wocer474• : ' 3 ton, C. Campbell, W. Bayl e : ;, J . Stamford T. C. Eyton, and W. H. Bayley , 43,191 'n h a nd Rutland Bank. at Star,ford, Up- Edwar d Oakham.—Charlotte Ann Eaton, m Shafte s b ur Cail'eY, and Robert Nit; tiolson :31,858 W. B . B Y tank, at Shaftesb-ary and Hindon.— . Shrewsburymdie and Thos. Ting 9,813 and w Ma Welshrol Bank at Shrewsbur ela D ' Y J. Scarth '' °°l.---T.:. Beck, G. R. Downward, a fford - and T. Beck 25,336 Oh Bank - and J. I s ~,, , ':.t Stafford.—J. G. Salt, T. Salt, 4 . IT eh', 14,166 49,569 13,332 --- -- - IRISH ASSIZES. , CORK—FRIDAY, AUG. 9. bi s : rll ,, i Y ' l 'SPY S YSTEM. —Thomas Collins, who had 4 - -led guilty of having upon his person, at Fermoy, house s seditious papers, which he introduced into the •• ° 'lses of innocent persons, and afterwards swore Informations agai Mr nst them, was i n di c t e d f or vagrancy. ~t. PLUNKETT, Q.C., sa id h e f e l t i t necessary to I ' r aw the attention o f th e j ury s h ortly to this ease. L—Was one In which the authorities of the country 'an taken a considerable interest, and one of a very gitggravP:ced character. H. would shortly state oe ret s of the case. Some time ago the tra pcame to the police barrack at Fermoy, 441 represented to them that he was able to give valuable information as to several persons who were en gaged i n se di t i ous practices, and posting imposed notic es i n t h e ne i gh b ourhood, and so far eti the Police, that he had applied to them that he s hould be brought before a magistrate, in order to laak ), e the i n f ormat i on. There had been a threatening - tien served upon a man of the name of Miles pre v_iously, informing him that he had better quit the Thet'cluntrY or that some danger would occur to him. • 1 • - Prisoner said he could give information concern- Ink, •,. ' l s and offered to conduct the police to the houses rho three or three respectable occupiers of land, where th itt B e !editions papers would be found. He had ~ h day, upon hi s arra i gnment, pleaded guilty diti oh a s v ng in his awn possession thes e se - nouj e 4 Papers, and posting the threatening bee Which the attention of the jury had I„,,kt oTuliarly drawn, and upon which he could c . o l n t IV th,, then innocent ersons. He had pleaded Fin y 2 ,7, Retool Posting of the very notices, of which he ;%-rivl'e niforraation to the police that he knew the parties They were guilty, an d was prepared to charge them. Nas; w l : l l , l4 Prove upon his own statement that he ties of Ireland --a°llwhe wandered about twenty- two coun- Patio n , i; havin g no fixed residerv, e and no occu this i n t Would be clear to the', r minds that he did vera order, to implicate me:, by false charges ; Go see trient Were very anxi ous that persons of that de inelti°ll should be punished in an exemplary man tisfy t a b ad they Would then give them evidence to sa- Rat - pd -e n' b'eyond a doubt of the truth of the fact ttaronstable Thomas Judge sworn and examined—ls to tlrd in rermoy. Recollects the prisoner coming veilin I),,arracks. He told him that he was after tra that I F -42 counties, that he had no residence, and giving Was in the habit of getting a livelihood by eh ar g information • also told him that he had ; he hee l ,R f e d a man in Waterford ; the man had since th e ; 311.nd innocent ; the paper (they were tacked to bent'portellgte and handed to the constable) pur ae toi it° pass words and rules ofunlawful societies ; th e ho g Witness that such papers might be found in tie t i t i lse s of men of the names of Barry, Connell, hid himself' ; they could not be found, he added, unless 10 si , se tr went with them ; the inspector then began pa s..,iii - tb him ; he complained of a sore foot, and q,"taes s , --e act of removing them from his shoe, when '-here wvereeived them in his hand and seized them. 8 "le of e fis re in them thd names of the inhabitants of I Nti ae ,'_' houses in which, according to his infer :l4i thE; the would be found. When discovered, he -11 04e31Were Copies of papers which he had found 'th e ,f u onses. rth„ au r a' i mmediately found him guilty. L''sever; ;1 sentence of vagrancy —transportation for ''ada a ' t ea ts, if he did not find bail for his regular ; ,, 1 1te a 'was then passed by his Lordship ; the t — h, lv bi e c e hV i seven years' - transportation for the crime v conditty had pleaded guilty, to take effect after 13 •tana1......01_e he undergone. _ __ . Mary's Cb 4 ris m ---—_ h. 'web, g -E XTRAORDINARY.—At Saint iii, rYanston-square, St Marylebone, on Tuesday tlt 4 R, w ar 4 4 e chi ld e baptised, by the Rev. Dr. Dibdin, Rector, 1 "Reg .I. r eo, the progeny of the same mother (hire... •i th -, th e ~,,,, . r „ 1 . 1 " Ci rcus- he of Mr. Edward Hodges, licensed vie all 1:14 "il ' street, New-read ), at the same aceouche ill i. Under th r''''lng r „,,_ e names of Abr.i am, and doing a w nd e... Jacob, I inkoltbnywarkably fine children, , wel l. woos fu 4 AN D ii lITON RAILWAY.—I he earn ,i,treaae r nf t he week RI9 g he 3d instant, show an in- W — l iei a'ro - (liner rao e r n e d t i h n in t 4001. as compared with the 10 tr styen f week of 1843.—The number of passengers t ' 49 . R e ''' on Guardia aring the week is given at ° . ec 'ast' olr r,.., fin,stir or I' HE NAVY —The navy, as at present ; se a (1, is n • - ir t h for all the pur- te as or Whi , (!t of sufficient stren, . skip , ve ..e. its services may be !equired, and the T ot .,, We h l / 41 `Y obvious. Ton years ago it could scarcely , be *4 1 ,4 aet ailban-of-war steamer. We have now a steam titl4,_'ealzttleit commission of 13,941 horse power, aad, as r e Le, i t 'oat for every three horse power a man is ree cleired folio aiPp e by tk . ws that 4,600 marines and seamen are it t , 4 4 t o u "la arm of the service only ; and it clearly tl i "tiro 8 t4at, however necessary this force may be, it c i o a teat it isotta additional one. We do not observe that to e s. oil- r(:e displaces any sailing vessels, or, if • r e, tl. k 'Y hi ti t T s t it r lly vi l t e e a Sse, 4", in 1837' la -at i f w , very small degree. It follows, the . re- 1 38,500 seamen and marines only 34,000 in 1844, our sailing navy is . rtius t b lied only 4 500 men in the interval ; to this whi eh 0 ~.., , , u peti th a ai t 'utled the extraordinary additional call (t - g ,, e ,Tir ritov-ered state of the political world creates 41" Utec a - '„alre - ;, „,Tile French, for instance, restless to a ,ett thi s corned gear force in powerful ships in various 15 ook i 4I OIZe t lt , tt ers ; and, though we have in reality v°4l l)%), We e li tin : 6,oo o men on our naval victualling a „ - , ii —enta r , a ---‘ honour our friends with thatf teettillsood Gogve_attendance which the prudence o t)1 . at Ta e w shouicitunent would suggest ; in plain ou th "'it 6,0 00 have an addition to our canvassuh to do the the o f c i .nen; and these would find enough of the' t "'' &her ti zna; the islands of the Pacific Ocean, • O r es of No-th America, in the contiguity 'anti- • egon territory 'the increasing colonial posses east3 in th e I sTe and Iv Has and ore particularly on the take n est "asta of Africa, n where we . to dA t° do mor e thhave under- WeWest us ,', '.,. even th ou Fl our present force will enable ti-- -- " er l o ndie s , an-di•gu we have denuded the Brazils, the t ll ,l as extent, t o t? North American stations, to a f,:2: quarters. IV th th e e iii a le hip a s nd t , hat should bel9t . ig to 1 / 4 r ee of t o . e Ought, at least to have an additional and will nr sail o f h e we ventur e to assert that su si c x h a ra f 2 o 6 ;c d e could t frigates t ,• ku,._ for the boast thPaetri od G or at least six months. So ve ' r enat al wa ,, _ . Government have seamen to any itittrge friostemnec:,,, tshhei Y sub s . ' reattY• The thing is impossible ; for seek sea The the moment they are dis aen7rnetliotlfi get disengagedP, 'whether national or mercantile, edlatet y ''' employment, and it is only_ as t b ° 1 1: • war dalxpect t r°ll ' th e he'll mio, thatCheckpresent employment th be tom present up. It should ... Hu _ oiler.-- naval officers will only take et th os s e t ra wh en o , and therefore reject at least three-fourths Hampshire Telegraph. theiC CiLtill"Ll'lsHEßlE' —T heCommissioners of co/4 r ust "" hue issued dire s ;tion s to the collectors and and t °lle ra of the severailepotrts of the kingdo m to prepare of tlu, rans reit, with the Porta- costs which have been possible dela an account a,,a e in n s inc F ur re d at their . respective fri ng la Proceedings I ,' o and 7th Vic tish4y regtular:tzsh, under r c t t h s e t A br et in e - f the e t T e nts of th e ttr ro rn I . 5 ,,,, -, cap, 79. tlclobno u_suut 22,0t;,0607pePrearnsonnusa;, receivingn the ienmtphleoyago-f ‘gati zirizughaill Railway Company. IRELAND. THE CROPS. sion, not only to lay before your Majesty this' our na tional protest against the injustice which has been in flicted upon our innocent fellow-countrymen, and against the violation of our own rights and liberties, but also to record the fixed and irrevocable determination of a large majority of the Irish nation to persevere—until success 8114.11 reward their perseverance—in their efforts to ob tain the restoration of the Parliament of Ireland. DUBLIN, AUG. 12.—Although the rain continues, the reports from the country are still favourable. It appears that the wheat crop was too far advanced to be seriously injured by the quantity of rain that has yet fallen. Much of that grain has been laid; but in this state the farinrs are cutting it, and in some districts reapitig is pretty general. Wheat is likely to be a eery good crop, pro bably more than an average in the yield, and the quality of the grain generally excellent. Oats, according to the latest accounts, will turn out better than had been ex pected, but perhaps much under an average. Barley will be a fair crop; but there is a much less breadth than heretofore. Potatoes, notwithstanding a consider able failure of those early sown, are described as an abundant crop. The price of potatoes is now very mode rate all through the country. Altogether, if the ,veather fur the next three or four weeks should prove at ad favourable, the crops in Ireland will be excellent and abundant. " Relying, then, upon your Majesty's gracious desire to promote the happiness of your Irish subjects, we implore your Majesty to assist our endeavour to obtain a repeal of the Act of Union, as the only effectual means of protecting us from those wrongs, legislative, admi nistrative, and judicial, which we now endure. " That our gracious Queen, assisted by the councils of an Irish Parliament, and of Ministers who shall possess its confidence, may soon a itness the prosperity and contentment of the Irish nation, and long live to contemplate that happy sight, is the fervent prayer of the undersigned, who, with all the respect which is due to their Sovereign, subscribe themselves your Majesty's loyal and attached subjects." Mr. H. GRATTAN, M.P., seconded the motion in an emphatic speech, and on concluding was loudly cheered. Mr. SMITH O'BRIEN mentioned that the number of signatures to the document amounted to 1,084,938, and he had the gratifying fact to announce that a large pro portion of these came from the northern counties. On the motion of Mr. M‘Nevin (barrister), seconded by Mr. Mackay (barrister), a committee was appointed to inquire into the facts of the recent disturbance in Cork, which had arisen out of a religious cause. Mr. O'CONNELL concurred in the propriety of this step, and expressed his conviction that the statements respecting this affair had been greatly exaggerated. After some further business had been gone through, Mr. SMITH O'BRIEN announced the rent for the week 9461. 17s.—The meeting then adjourned. DEATH 01? WILLIAM O'REILLY, ESQ. We regret to announce the death of William O'Reilly-, Esq., which took place at the family mansion, Knock Abbey Castle. county of Louth, on Saturday evening last. Mr. O'Reilly was lineally descended from the head of the Sept of O'Reilly, in the county of Cavan, who, having followed the standard of the ill-starred James, were parties to the treaty of Limerick, and by its viola tion their hereditary estates passed out of their hands, like many of the Irish then deprived of their domains. On the relaxation of the penal code the father of Mr. O'Reilly purchased considerable estates in Louth, Gal way, and Limerick ; and on the death of his elder brother, in the year 1840, he became possessed of the estates in Louth and Galway, and expended the income derived from them in giving extensive employment to the inha bitants of their localities REPEAL ASSOCIATION. The usual weekly meeting of the Association was held this day in the Conciliation Halt. On the motion of Mr. S. U'BniEN the chair was taken by Richard O'Gorman, Esq. The Chairman briefly re ' turned thanks for the honour conferred upo'i him. Mr. S. O'BRIEN commenced the business of the day by handing in several remittances. Mr. DANIEL O'CONNELL acknowledged the receipt of several remittances, and then said he had to make his usual weekly return from the prison. He was happy to be able to inform the Association that the imprisoned martyrs were in good health and most excellent spirits, enjoying the glorious fact of the perfect tranquillity of Ireland throughout its entire extent. They were likewise rejoiced to find that the spirit of per severance, in looking by legal and constitutional means for the repeal of the union, still pervaded Irish men, of every class and persuasion. Peace an.: perse verance, and the union would necessarily be repealed. He could state to the Association, of his own knowledge, that when the account reached Mr. O'Connell, of the speech made by Mr. Sheil on the subject of the State trials, he expressed his regret that any such speech should have been delivered, a regret not unmixed with some indignation. Mr. O'Connell totally disavosied and repudiated the matter of that speech ; tee thought it a highly unbecoming one as proceeding from any friend of of his, and he considered it anything but a friendly act on the part of Mr. Sheil. He could also state, that as Mr. O'Connell at the close of the proceedings in the Queen's Bench soleennly protested against the injustice done to him, lee contin u ed fi rm i n th at p rotes t. Th ere had ire: 'oeen upon his part, and there never would be, anY ",nrinking or compromise, and he could not consider >a :,y man his friend who talked of compromise or shrink ing. Mr. O'Connell had now, and long had had, but one political object, the restoration of the domestic legislature of Ireland—a restoration which, in his judgment, was merely a question of time. Come it should—the only question was when. He deemed the period not distant, he desired to be at large only that he might the more actively pursue all peaceable and legal means to restore the native legislature of Ireland—he did hope, as ha did anxiously wish, that his imprisonment might arouse every patriot that is out of prison to increased peaceable exertion fer the repeal of the deleterous union. It was the duty of those who were at large to redouble their efforts for that patriotic and eminently useful purpose, the repeal of the statute of legislative union. There had been an assertion attributed to Sir Robert Peel, by the public papers, to the effect that the Government had intended to issue a proclamation against the holding of the two meetings prior to that of Clontarf, but that the meetings were abandoned. He had made in quiry, and he could now state to the Association that if Sir R. Peel made any such assertion he did so upon false information ; the assertion being in itself per fectly untrue, as there were no meetings agreed to be held, and then giren up, prior to the Clontarf proclama tion. The falsehood of the assertion of course is not at tributed to Sir Robert Peel, but to the base men who misinformed him. The assertion, however, itself was perfectly false. He had reason to know that Mr. O'Con nell was exceedingly anxious to have all the liberal elec tors for the municipal elections prepared, by having paid their taxes before the 31st of the present month, in order to be put upon the burgess roll. These taxes would be paid sooner or later—the electors were not asked to pay a sum of money which they could avoid paying by delay. The only difference was, that if they were paid before the 31st of August the ratepayers would have a right to vote ; 'whereas they lose that right by deferring the payment. There was an instance before Mr. O'Connell, as Lord Mayor, upon the revision of the burgess list, of no less than six persons in one of the wards having paid their taxes on the Ist of September, and who, therefore, lost their votes—votes which they would have retained if they had paid those taxes a day sooner. :he only method of proceeding satisfactorily with the preparations for the municipal elections was to have committees of repeal wardens meet in each ward, and make all the ne cessary arrangements, and in particular to ascertain what taxes were due, and to procure the electors to dis charge those taxes in time ; that is, on or before the 31st of August ; for it should always be kept in recollection that every other exertion was useless, and went for no thing, unless the taxes were paid in time. Finally, he had to state his perfect conviction that if there were any Irishman who desired to mitigate the imprisonment of Mr. O'Connell, he could do so in one way alone, and that was. by redoubled exertions, legally and peaceably to achieve for his native land the greatest of political blessings, namely, the repeal of the legislative union. Dr. NAGLE moved a resolution having for its object the extension of repeal reading-rooms throughout the country. Mr. SMITH O'BRIEN seconded the motion, and said that nothing could advance the cause of repeal more than the establishment of repeal reading-rooms through. out the country. The object of the Association was to promote the political, intellectual, and industrial educa tion of the people of this country, and the expense at which this desirable object could be accomplished would be comparatively trifling. DERBY AND LEGER SWEEPS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sin,—The public, no doubt, will view with sur prise and disgust the machinations of the common infbfmers to suppress these harmless speculations," estab!ished and tolerated for the last ten years. Suddenly have these despicable beings pounced upon the licensed victuallers, and are now sueing them for penalties, in some instances amounting to 2001., for permitting the drawing of Derby and Leger Sweeps in their houses. This interference is abominable. A friend of mine was served with a writ on Monday last, and the informer had no less than twelve or fourteen others in his possession. In many cases these sweeps have been productive of great good, and have been the means, to my certain knowledge, of establishing several fortunate members in a respect able way of business. These "harmless speculations" are not attempted to be suppressed upon public grounds, but by the aid of those despicable beings, common informers. No work is too dirty for them; but I wish to impress upon their memory the fate of the " Qui Tam" actions. The perusal may teach them a salutary lesson. I am credibly informed that they have obtained no less than 100 or 150 writs against licensed victuallers ; in fact, they intend issuing writs against every person who has suffered those sweeps to be drawn in their houses. Upon a certain party remonstrating with the informer, he had the effrontery to tell him that he had no occasion to find fault ; that his neighbours were in the same predica ment ; and intended, after they had finished their rounds in London, to pay a visit to Manchester, Sheffield, &c. This is a pretty consolation for our country friends. The press is a powerful organ when it devotes its energies for the protection of the public, and you will confer an inestimable good upon the country, and obtain the thanks and support of the community at large, by calling attention to the subject. Again, I would propose a society to be founded for mutual protection, upon the principle of that excellent one, " The Licensed Victuallers' Pro tection Society," and subscriptions raised to exonerate the landlords of all sporting houses from loss ; to meet the actions upon fair and open grounds ; also to em ploy the first legal talent in England, if necessary, to defend these actions. Thousands would respond to the call. I am secretary to one of the clubs, and hundreds have expressed their determination to sub scribe. I would recommend no party to compro mise the matter, for by compromising you " furnish the enemy with the sinews of war." I question whe ther these persons will have the audacity to appear in a public court of law. In my opinion that is not their object, but extortion. I am sorry to add, they have succeeded in one instance. Will any gentleman of the bar condescend and lower himself in the esti mation of his brethren and the public by advocating the cause of these despicable prowlers? I appeal to the licensed victuallers of England, as a powerful, in telligent, and influential body, not to succumb to these abominable doings, but unite and be deter mined to frustrate the designs of common informers. I inclose my name and address, also that of the in former, for your satisfaction. I am, Sir, yours respectfully, Lambeth, Aug. 14, 1844. J. M. Mr. O'Reilly had been a distinguished member of the Catholic Association. On the passing of the Reform Bill, he was elected Member for the borough of Dundalk, in opposition to the brother of Lord Roden, the owner of the town. The close attention to his Parliamentary duties undermined his constitution, and to it may be traced his early demise. As a landlord he was kind and indulgent; as a country gentleman and a magistrate he was unremitting in the discharge of his duties, and none were heard to dispute his judgments, for they were always founded on justice. He is succeeded in his estates by his only son, Miles O'Reilly, Esq., a distinguished student of the London Un iversi ty. Mr. O'Reilly was brother of the late Colonel O'Reilly, husband of the Dowager Duchess of Roxburgh, and of Mr. Dowel O'Reilly, the present Attorney-General of Jamaica. We are requested to state that the new work, enti tled " The Popular Member," by Mrs. Gore, author of " Mothers and Daughters," "The Dowager," &c., in three vo's. post Bvo., will be published by Mr. Bentley, of New Burlington-street, on Monday next, the 19th inst. Orders received by all Booksellers. EXTRACT OF A. LETTER FROM ADEN.—" On the 4th (July), at 10 P.M., a succession of blue lights and rockets announced the approach of the Hindostan, with the Go vernor-General on board. She was soon after in the harbour, when a party of us went on board with offers of bed and board.' We are all to he in full fig' by the Turkish wall at four A.M., to-morrow, for the in spection of the works, with which the Governor-General already appears to be as well acquainted as any one amongst us. It will be a very good thing for Aden, as the present uncertain limits of the cantonment prevent the merchants and others from building. The ex-Go vernor is expected in a few days, so we shall have an opportunity of basking in the rays of the setting as well as those of the rising sun. We are buttoned up to the chins, and the thermometer stands at 105 in the shade." BRIDPORT.—CHURCIPRATES. — On Monday last, ten of the leading Quakers and Dissenters were sum moned to appear before the borough magistrates, to answer the complaint of the churchwardens for their re fusal to pay the church-rates demanded of them. On their continued refusal to pay, distress warrants were ordered for their recovery. THE NEW COMET.—The comet discovered by M. Mauvais may now be seen with the naked eye in the direction of the east. Its tail appears to be about one foot long, and its light is rather dim. Round the comet is a circle similar to that which surrounds the moon when the weather is about to change.— Courrier Francais. CALEDONIAN RAILWAY.--We understand that at a meeting of the Directors of this railway, held at Glas gow on Friday, an arrangement was concluded with the promoters of the Clydesdale Junction Railway, for the use of the latter line, upon terms mutually advantageous to both companies. The Caledonian Company have thus secured the shortest route to Glasgow, and the ad vantage of a connexion with the harbour and with the Greenock and Ayrshire lines.—Glasgow Constitutional. GREENOCK.—Wednesday night, a small boat was hired at the Mid Quay by two gentlemen, who were a little intoxicated, for the purpose of taking them to Helensburgh. The party started, and yesterday morn ing the boat was found floating, bottom up, with the lug-sail set, about a mile and a half from Helensburgh. The two boatmen and the two gentlemen have, doubt • less, been drowned. — Greenock Advertiser. THE WEATHER.—The brittle and uncertain wea ther so prevalent for weeks past, has, we regret to say, not entirely left us. The forenoons, however, have, during the past week, been marked by a genial sun shine, which has tended to ripen the crops considerably, but they have been kept somewhat back by the frequent and heavy rains, and in many places a good deal laid. In various quarters patches of barley have been cut down, and with' a few days of fair weather, many fields of wheat will yield to the sickle in this neighbourhood during the week. From Inverness shire, and the north generally, we learn that harvest would also be begun this week. From the west the rain still continues, and of course, excites some uneasi ness. For several d a y s past Irish reapers have been tra velling eastward in great numbers. An excellent field of barley was cut down on Friday by Mr. Hadden, at ha the village of Lo ng full crop of barley, niddry, parish of Gladsmuir. A small ßrevie 'r7,l d w b a e s l o e n e g t i n e g n to th e Ellis Dudgeon, Esq., Belhaven on a n inst. It is completely ripe, and is of excellent quality. Another field was cut last week on laverleith farm. In Yorkshire the harvest has partially commenced ; the wheat crops are described as both abundant and excel lent.—Edinburgh Advertiser. INSCRIPTION ON THE COFFIN OF DR. DALTON.— " Within this coffin are the mortal remains of John Dalton, D.C.L. LLD. F.R.SS.L. and E. ; M.R.I.A. Member of the Institute of France, President of the Li terary and Philosophical Society of Manchester, &c., &c., ke. ; the illustrious philosopher, who, amongst his many brilliant discoveries, first developed, by the power of his exalted genius and profound scientific investigations, the law of the arrangement of the ultimate atems of matter, and of their uniting in certain definite proportions, which compose that great variety of bodies existing in nature. —He was born at Eaglesfield, in Cumberland, on the sth day of September, 1766, and died at Manchester, the 27th day of July, 1844, where he had lived 51 years." LORD ELDON.—" On one occasion," relates his Lordship, " I heard Lee say, I cannot leave Fawcett's wine : mind, Davenport, you will go home immediately after dinner to read the brief in that cause that we have to conduct to-morrow.' Not I,' said Davenport ; leave m y dineer and my wine b read a br i ef ! No no, Lee —that won't do." Then,' said L ee , what is to be done ? Who else is employed ?' Davenport—' Oh ! young Scott.' Lee—' Oh ! he must go. Mr. Scott you must go home immediately, and make yourself ac quainted with that cause before our consultation this evening. This was very hard upon me ; but I did go, and there was an attorney from Cumberland, and one from Northumberland, and I do not know how many other persons. Pretty late, in came Jack Lee, as drunk as he could be. I cannot consult to-night—l must go to bed,' he exclaimed , and away he went. Then came Sir Thomas Davenport: We:cannot have a consultation to night, Mr. Wordsworth, shouted Davenport, don't you see how drunk Mr. SCott is ? It is impossible to consult.' Poor me, who had scarce had any dinner, and lost all my wine, I was so drunk that .1 could not consult! Well, a verdict was given against us, and it was all owing to lawyer Fawcett's dinner. We moved for a new trial, and I must say, for the honour of the bar, that those two gentlemen, Jack Lee and Sir Thomas Davenport, paid all expenses between them of the first trial. It is the only instance I ever knew, but they did. We moved for a new trial (on the ground, I suppose, of the counsel not being in their senses), and it was granted. When it came on the following year the judge rose and said' Gentlemen, did any of you dine with lawyer Fawcett yesterday ? for if you did I will not hear this cause till next year.' There was great laughter. We gained the cause that time. ,, ___Life of Eldon. WE'RE A' is singular how seldom the astute conductors of our diurnal journals commit themselves by anything like an oversight of an impor tant fact. If one, in the multiplicity of cases,:and some slight imperfections in its system, should perpetrate an error, the others are prompt to correct it ; but it very seldom happens that all are so oblivious of public pro ceedings as to repeat the blunder, even where a trifling matter is concerned. We have, however, an instance of this rare forgetfulness in the papers of th e past wee k. The Herald, of Tuesday, stated, on authority, that the Government had it in contemplation to dispatch the mails to India once a fortnight, instead of once a month. The Chronicle and Pest copied the article as a piece of news ; the Times did the same, adding that " the story" had been repeated at intervals for the last two years. Now, it appears to us passing strange that all these journals should have overlooked the fact of the Chan cellor of the Exchequer having distinctly declared, on Friday week last, that this increased communication with India should take effect from January next. He stated in his place in Parliament ; the different daily papers reported his announcement in two places—the debates and the summary in the leading column ; the Atlas repeated it, and we dare say that other weekly papers did the same. Yet, two days afterwards, it is given by all the diurnals as an original piece of news ! " Even the great Homer some times nods."—Atlas. CHEAP FRUIT.—On Saturday night cherries were cried in the streets in Shoreditch at one farthing per pound. Mr. LAPEL Powxtz, M.P., moved the adoption of the following address to her Majesty : " TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. " Most Gracious Sovereign,—We, the undersigned in habitants and natives of the kingdom of Ireland, being deeply aggrieved and incensed by the acts of those who misuse your Majesty's name to sanction their aggressions upon our rights and liberties, and confiding in your Ma jesty's benign disposition towards your loyal Irish sub jects, venture to approach your throne with this our appeal for redress. "An event, most gracious Sovereign, has occurred, which has caused to the Irish nation intense sorrow, alarm, and indignation. The most illustrious of your Majesty's subjects, together with six others of our fel low-countrymen, are now inmates of a common gaol— having been convicted by means which we believe to be unconstitutional, illegal, and unjust, for having performed acts, deserving not of punishment, but of the highest commendation. "Desirous to unfold to your Majesty the course of circumstances which have brought to pass this event, never to be forgotten by the Irish nation, we beg re spectfully to represent to your Majesty, that your Irish subjects claim to be a free people, and to be as much entitled to the enjoyment of free institutions as the most favoured inhabitants of your empire ; that for several hundred years they possessed, under the Crown of Eng land, a national Parliament ; that, by a combination of wickedness, almost without parallel, they were, in the year 1800, deprived of this their ancient birthright and inheritance; that they have since learned, by the sad ex perience of forty-three years, how great a loss their country had sustained in exchanging self-government for provincial dependency ; that in the British Parlia ment Irish interests are negketecl, Irish feelings find no sympathy, Irish opinion possesses no weight ; and that the fruit of British legislation for Ireland has been the prostration of all those resources, moral and material, which can give dignity, prosperity, and contentment to a nation. " One man had sufficient penetration to discover the cause of our stiff.-rings, and sufficient energy to rouse his countrymen to assist him in the almost hopeless task of recovering our Legis!ature. His mission was peaceful. He announced, that no triumph which we could achieve was to be accepted, if won by the effusion of a single drop of blood. He reliel upon the irresistible influence of opinion, sustained by consciousness of the force of his reasoning, and of the righteousness of his cause. He called together his fellow-countrymen—they assembled in peaceful array. He asked them whether his opinions were confirmed by their concurrence ? They answered, with a voice almost unanimous, that there was no hope for Ireland, save in the restoration of her Legislature. "Such is the offence of Daniel O'Connell. For having sought to secure to the land of his birth the protecting influence of self-government, our aged patriot now in habits the a`mde of a felon. " From among the millions who coincide with him in opinion, and who so coinciding share his guilt, without partaking his merit or his doom, eight were selected as instruments to effect his conviction. For whatever im prudent words they may have spoken, written, or pub lished, he has been held responsible. We are told, most gracious Sovereign, but we believe it not, that this is the law of the land. Our reason tells us it is not the law of nature, or of God ! " The course of his trial has been consistent with the nature of the charge, and with the means by which it has been sustained. We have been accustomed to be lieve that trial by jury was instituted, in order to secure to the accused an impartial tribunal. In the case of O'Connell, we have seen the jury laws violated, and every expedient adopted which could insure his con viction, by the intervention of political and religious prejudices. " In your Majesty's highest court of criminal jurisdic tion, your Attorney-General has been allowed, during the progress of this trial, with impunity to violate the laws of God and of man. " Your Chief Justice has been seen to take upon him self the office of advocate against the accused. " Thus, by a perversion of law, and by a denial of jus tice, the greatest man of his age has been convicted on a charge of conspiracy, and has been consigned to a goal, even before the process is terminated which questions the validity of his trial. " In addressing your Majesty, we do not use courtly phrase, or the customary formularies of adulation. We address you as our beloved Sovereign in the language of the heart. We fear that truth seldom reaches a Royal ear ; and being sincerely desirous to preserve to your Majesty unimpaired, the afl'ectio❑ of the people of Ire land, we may not cokceal from you our conviction, that the proceedings of your Majesty's Ministers have greatly tended to alienate the minds of your Irish sub jects from the laws, institutions, and government which they adminster, and to engender animosities between the kindred nations which acknowledge your Majesty's sway. . . . "'To us, this event brings an additional proof that Ireland can neva- be wisely or. safely governed until we possess a native Legislature, and, under the pressure of this conviction, we think it right, on the present occa• THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY MORNING, AUGUST is 1844 THE PROPHETIC ALMANACS AND THE WEATHER CYCLE." (FROM A CORRESPONDENT.) The period is approaching for the announcement of the almanacs for the ensuing year, and presents a fit opportunity for devoting a few passing observations on a subject universally canvassed, and on that ac count alone entitled to attention—namely, the weather. What may be advanced in these observations is in tended by way of caution to the public—caution against those moon-and-star struck impostors, the weather prophets and astrologers, who still infest the community, and endeavour, by artfully playing upon the natural disposition of all men to pry into the future, to abuse the public mind with absurd specu lations as regards the weekly or daily weather, and with debasing superstition as respects astrological predictions. - Any explanation, however, on the subject of the coming seasons, simply yet philosophically treated, certainly ought to command more serious attention than seems to be bestowed upon it. It is a matter highly interesting in itself, and there is little doubt that when stripped of all mystery, it may, upon further investigation, be rendered familiar to the most ordinary capacity. It is worthy of considera tion, if on no other account than that it is impossible for any one, learned or unlearned, to live through the year, or even through the month or the day, without feeling the influence which the weather has upon his own comfort, and upon the state of all things around him. In this country, where the changes are so fre quent, and the contrast so striking, the subject is con stantly before everybody; and be it in the city or on the common—in the palace or in the farm-house--in the garden or on the wide-extended moor—the weather of the season or the day forms the sure preliminary topic of conversation. No observation is more common, and on no oc • casion, perhaps, is the almanac so frequently consulted, than in forming conjectures on the state of the weather; but the general remark goes no further than this—that changes from wet to dry, and from dry to wet, usually happen at the changes of the moon. A reliance upon such a theory would lead to the supposition of the moon having some influence upon the currents in the atmosphere, as well as on the currents and tides in the ocean ; but to say the least of it, this subject is involved in great doubt and ob scurity, and is one which can only be elucidated—if ever it can be proved—by long and careful ob servation. If the moon be supposed to have such influence, why not the sun ? This point has been started and is maintained by Lieutenant George Mackenzie, of Perth, in his " System of the Weather," who has discovered, beyond the shadow of a doubt, that there is a cycle of the weather—that there always has been such a cycle,—and that there ever will be correspond ing cycles. We require no further evidence of this fact than the personal knowledge of many living in dividuals, of the periodical recurrence of dry summers and wet summers, and of mild winters and winters of long-continued storm. Mackenzie affirms that no conclusion as to the character or the state of the weather can be arrived at by lunar periods, and although he seems disposed to admit that the moon may be the source of a certain quantity of the wind that blows, yet he insists that the weather of itself is a solar, or rather a magnetic effect. We are gratified to find that the discoveries of Lieut. Mackenzie, and his frequent explications on this very interesting sub ject for upwards of twenty-five years, have recently been adopted and followed up by the British Associa tion for the Advancement of Science. Upwards of forty years ago, when he began to record his obser vations—which are highly valuable, and founded es sentially on the magnetic principle—that gentleman fixed upon the Ist of November as the commencing point of the weather year; and Sir David Brewster, in a communication to the Secretary of the Associa tion, published in the Atheneum, on the 31st of August, 1839, states, " that at the new stations ap pointed for observing the weather, the observations commenced on the Ist November (preceding), the beginning (as he then called it) of the meteorological year." Professor Whewell, while in the chair at the Plymouth meeting of the Association in 1841, seemed so strongly impressed with the importance of the new light thus thrown on the system of the weather, that be stated in his address "we ought to have me teorological observations and observers distributed over the face of the globe"—a suggestion, by the way, which has been only partially adopted. Of late years a magnetic apparatus has been erected near the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, under the able superin tendence of Professor Airy and Mr. Glaisher and besides several other stations throughout Great Britain, we have similar establishments in North and South America, the Cape of Good Hope, &c. Some thing ought to be elucidated from the united observa tions thus in progress at a vast expense ; but if the results be not placed before the public in a popular form—a form adapted to the reasoning faculties and understandings of the people—then the inevitable concluson is, that the parties entrusted with this im portant duty have not succeeded in discovering the elements of the subject of inquiry ; and persons are thus unfortunately compelled, for want of anything tangible or authentic, to fall back upon the usual predictory schemes of the weather-almanac-makers, though there are unquestionable grounds for believing that these are altogether unfounded and absurd. With regard to the analogy between the lunar in fluence on the tides of the ocean and on the atmos pheric currents insisted on by some writers, we are in possession of one fact worth a hundred disquisi tions—namely, that M. Bouvard examined more than 100,000 observations made at the Royal Observatory of Paris, embracing a period of eleven years, and he found beyond question that the tides caused in the atmosphere by the action of the moon were so small, or rather so imperceptible, that it is utterly impossible to reckon upon them for any purpose of experimental or practical application. Thus, our scientific friends must look elsewhere than in the influence of the moon for a solution of the phenomena producing the weather, and account in some other way for the cer tain and periodical recurrence of favourable or un favourable seasons. On this subject, we have seen a private communication from Mr. Mackenzie, wherein he says— "l am very curious about the keen pursuit upon the subject of magnetism, because this property of the earth is the sole foundation of the weather, for, without it, there would be no weather whatever. Its first sensible effect is to operate upon the loadstone or compass needle, which is sensible to the sight; the next step, or property, is on the winds, which is sensible to the feeling, but not to the sight; then come the clouds, rain, and all the phenomena belong ing to the weather. Perhaps the professors expect to discover the laws of the weather from continued ob servations upon the mechanical (so to say) variations of this recondite principle upon certain bodies. In this, I believe, they will be disappointed, since the cycles of the winds embrace every moment of time, arid every part of the surface of the globe, and fully explain the coming changes on all these periods (of time), and in all places. When I mention that the magnetic principle is the foundation of the weather, I should have stated that this property is wholly de rivable from the solar action. It may be true that half the winds are produced by the lunar body ; yet the weather has no reference to lunar influence. So far, this is certain ; and as the weather recurs in cycles by the solar, or calendar months, the influence of the moon is so far settled." That there are cycles of the winds, and that they have been discovered, as stated by Mr. Mackenzie—as there are cycles in every other system of nature—we have every reason to believe to be the case. We know—indeed for centuries it has been known—that, at the end of every eighteen years, the new and full moons happen at very nearly the same times of the year, with all the recurring phenomena of the heavenly bodies at their regular times. The great error in forecasting the weather seems to have origi nated in connecting and combining a system which is purely a property of the earth with the planetary re volutions and appearances, which have as little influ ence on the weather as they ever had on the destinies of man—this last being a system of gross astrological superstitious prediction and imposition, at once de structive of the intellect and morals of mankind—by which the reason and common sense of the people were rendered completely useless—the good and the bad depending upon an ideal destiny, no effort on the part of the man having power to alter it—a de basing and delusive system, which even in these days is helped to be perpetuated in certain almanacs and publications, edited by persons of whom better things might be expected. With respect to the winds, it may not be amiss, in concluding this notice of Mackenzie's discovery, to advert to the opinion of M. Alphonse Blanc, who ob serves that the winds are mostly, if not always, caused by the expansions on condensation of the air due to changes of the temperature. Between the tropics the winds are very regular, the cause being perma nent, and the equilibrium constant. From this regu larity it may justly be concluded that the north and south winds which we have originate in the north ; for we cannot for a moment suppose that a south wind should come to us from a quarter where the contrary wind is constant. On this view, the south wind is caused by a condensation, and the north wind by an expansion, of the polar atmosphere, and the barometer ought to fall with south winds, and rise with north winds—the effect, indeed, usually ob served. In other words—and as has been long aga explained—it may be demonstrated that, owing to the unequal distribution of heat upon the surface of the globe, and the gradual decrease of temperature from the equator to the poles, the elastic fluids of the at mosphere must perpetually circulate between the colder and the hotter points, flowing from the former to the latter on the surface of the earth, and return ing from th 3 latter to the former in upper opposite currents. Owing to various causes, but chiefly to the unequal distribution of water and land upon the sur face of the earth, the course of the winds is by no means so regular as is assumed in this proposition ; but this grand system of balancing currents is be lieved certainly to exist, and being gove rne d i n parti cular regions by varying circumstances, give rise to minor systems of compensating currents. This is the substance of Mackenzie's discovery; and any one, in deed, may convince himself that such systems prevail in the atmosphere, by watching, as he has done, the progress of the clouds; for in this way he will be , able often to detect more than two such currents ex isting together. Upon more minute observation, it will be found that one of these streams of the air be comes suddenly checked, and that the others will continue to flow on for a time in their primary di rection, on account of their original impulse ; and as a deficiency of the aerial fluid is thus produced in one part of the atmosphere, an equivalent accumulation must at the same time result in some other part, which is the supposed, and indeed the only feasible cause, of all storms, tornadoes, and other extraordi nary phenomena in the system of the weather. "The wind goeth toward the south, and turneth about unto the north : it whirleth about continually, and the wind returneth again according to his circuits." — Eccles. We regret that it should be necessary, at this time of day, in the nineteenth century, to notice the new " Stellar" philosophy, propounded and lately advocated by certain meteorological journals. This we look upon as the revival of the follies, the absur dities, and superstitions of astrology; and if the in fatuation were to be encouraged, we need not wonder to find the destinies of mankind subjected to the same fertile source of imposture as they were in the darker ages of the world. To counteract such an error, it is imperative to repeat, again and again, that all the changes in the moon's appearance are satisfactorily explained, upon the simple facts of the motions of the moon and earth ; and therefore they neither have, nor can have, any of those influences which superstition— the child of ignorance—ascribes to them. The planets being all much more remote from the earth than the moon is, and having little difference in their appearances, saving what arises from their own mo tions, and those of the earth round the sun, have nothing whatever about them that claims attention as connected either with the weather, or the appear ances of the rear. Influence upon the earth, upon the changes of the seasons, or upon anything that in any way affects the comforts or the ordinary pursuits of mankind, they have none whatever ; and therefore, the explanations of their appearances and motions are very properly left to the further study and improve ment of astronomical research. We will examine the "cycle" more particularly on the publication of Lieutenant Mackenzie's Annual for 1845, which usually makes its appearance long be fore its brethren—namely, about the Ist of October —an announcement for which the public ought to he indebted to us, as it will afford them an opportunity of satisfying themselves on the subject of this im portant discovery. STATE OF THE COUNTRY. Not only is the country tranquil, but the people seem determined to avoid all temptation to outrage or insubor dination. The Galway Vindicator mentions a very gra tifying illustration of this spirit amongst the peasantry. On Tuesday evening a fellow, who had been some days in that town, obtruded himself at a meeting of the Tem perance Society, and, says that journal, " commenced an harangue of the most treasonable and seditious tendency, advising the people to an appeal to arms, in furtherance of the liberation of O'Connell and their legislative independence, until he was cut short in his address by a rough and speedy ejectment from the room." THE WRIT OF ERROR. We (Dublin Pilot) subjoin a copy of a notice served on the attorneys of the traversers. We shall only say, in reference to reports, that no one is acquainted with the opinions of the Judges, but on the result we, from our knowledge of ministerial intrigue, maintain our own opinions:— (Copy.) O'CONNELL AND OTHERS V. THE QUEEN. I beg to acquaint you that the above causes will be taken into further consideration on Monday, the 2d of Sep tember next, at ten o'clock, and the Judges are then to attend to deliver their opinions upon the question of law propounded to them.—l am your most obedient servant, EDWARD PARROT, Clerk of the Journals. House of Lords, 10th August, 1844. COWES, ISLE OF WIGHT. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT. ROYAL YACHT SQUADRON REGATTA. SECOND DAY-CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS. At 10 A.M., the following yachts of the Royal Yacht Squadron started for the second 50/. cup : Brilliant schooner, of 393 tons—G. 11. Ackers, Esq. Galatea schooner, 190 tons—C. R. M. Talbot, Esq. Tarifa schooner, 185 tons—the Earl of Wilton. Georgian schooner, 168 tons—Wm. Lyon, Esq. Zephyretta schooner, 180 tons—Henry Hope, Esq. Fairy schooner—W►n. Peareth, Esq. COURSE ROUND THE ISLE OF WIGHT. On the signal-gun being fired from the Royal Yacht Squadron-house, each vessel was got before the wind and sail made with all possible dispatch ; there was a fresh breeze from the westward, and Mr. Hope's yacht shot a head, closely followed by the Earl of Wilton's, the Bril liant being the last, there not being at that time wind enough for her, but, on getting outside, the wind fresh ened, and when off Shanklin, the Brilliant got foul of the Zephyretta, and carried away her jibboom. She then bore up, as did the Fairy ; both returned to Cowes roadstead about half-past four, P.M. The Ruby steamer, with a number of ladies and gentlemen on board, at tempted to follow the yachts, but these pleasure-seekers found no pleasure outside the Wight, and when off the Culvers there was a pretty scene on board, and, by the general voice, the steamer returned. Some of the Royal Thames yachts tried the Needles passage to meet the yachts, but the white salt spray gave them a white feather, and they put about and returned. At the back the Galatea was more unfortunate ; she carried away her foremast, and the Brilliant has towed her down in sight of Cowes, where she is now at anchor. The Brilliant is beating down to the Roads. At twenty , three minutes to five the Georgian came in, winmag the cup to the no small surprise of the knowing one's, who had put her down as the whipper-in; " it's an ill wind that blows no one good ;" other people's misfortunes were her gain. The Xarifa came second at sixteen minutes to five. The Royal Thames yachts sail to-morrow, nine have entered, they sail in the good old course round thebuoya. This will be the finest sight this season, and, all the time, in view of the town. They start at eleven. The Roads are crowded with yachts ; the inns with company ; but a great many houses are defaced by ill looking papers of " Lodgings," " This house to let," and such like. EXECUTION OF THE MURDERER, WEERS.—BOD MIN, TUESDAY,—The execution of the murderer, Weeks, took place, yesterday, at noon, at the county gaol here. The unhappy man was reported several times to have died since the passing of the sentence dooming him to his miserable fate, and in a state of unconsciousness chiefly the time has glided away with him from that p •riod to his final hour. Thousands of persons, men, women, and children, were on the spot in front of the drop at an early hour, and continued to increase until the miserable being was brought forward to be sacrificed to the laws of his country. He joined the felons in the prison yesterday in religious exercises, and appeared to pay attention as much as his mind enabled him to ex hortations for repentance and to hope in Christ. At twelve the final hour had arrived, and, everything being complete.: the wretched man was hanged. PORT OF GLOUCESTER.—The great influx of vessels into this port, which we have had for some weeks past, has somewhat subsided, still the basin is nearly full at the present moment, and large arrivals are said to be ex pected. The activity at the docks has not diminished, and as the warehouses there are quite full, every avail able building is being secured by the merchants ; one or two stores in the island, with the round house in Wor cester-street, and part of Mr. Help's premises at Barton turnpike, having been taken for the storage of corn. The latter premises have received the sanction of the Com missioners of Customs for the reception of grain under bond. The haulage and warehousing expenses in these localities at so great a distance from the basin, must prove very considerable. The quantity of wheat in the bonded stores is estimated at 40,000 quarters, and duty at 17s. a quarter was paid a few days since on 7,000 quarters. The Gloucester and Berkeley Canal Company are making a very manifest improve ment opposite the arm of the basin, excavators being now at work in the removal of the projection at Mr. Hunt's yard, which will increase the entrance of the canal at that part 50 feet in width, and the same in length. The Birmingham and Gloucester Railway's swing-bridge across the basin-locks, of similar construc tion to the one belonging to the Canal Company, is also nearly finished ; by this bridge the line of rails will be continued alongside the warehouses on the north-west side of the docks ; and should the Railway Company decide on continuing these rails to Baker's-quay, and other parts contiguous to the basin, we may look upon their enterprising undertaking to establish a direct com munication for the quick dispatch of goods from the docks to their depot at the station, for transit along the line, as successful and complete. With regard to our port generally, there appears to be a decided and praise worthy desire for useful improvements, amongst which may be enumerated the erection of a new custom-house, which fine edifice is progressing, rapidly towards com pletion ; and should the sanguine expectations enter tained by others as well as by ourselves be realised, as to the advantage that will accrue from the reduction of the canal rates, it must be admitted on all hands that the prospective aspect of things, both for the port and the city, is very cheering.--Gloucester Chronicle. TUB WEATHER.--It has rained almost incessantly for the last eight-and-forty hours ; and although there was a shift of wind this morning, and it has con tinued t' blow from the eastward during the whole of the day, the weather does not, by any means, present a settled appearance. The mercury rose in the barometer last night, and we must hope for the best. The rain that has already fallen can do no injury, except to the heavy wheat crops, which wind and sun would soon re store ; but, on the contrary, it will prove highly benefi cial to the potatoes and aftergrass, as well as to the small cultivated patches containing the poor man's harvest— his oats.—. Dublin Paper. A SCENE IN A WORKHOUSE. At the Rochdale Petty Sessions, on Monday, James Collinge, the governor of the Thornham division of the Middleton workhouse, was summoned before the Bench for bad conduct in the house, and particularly towards James llalliwell, the Middleton governor. Mr. Jackson said he appeared for the overseers and for the Middleton governor of the house. The de fendant was the governor for the township of Thorn ham, and a difference had ari s e n s i nce th e appo i ntment of the Middleton governor. The workhouse was the joint property of the townships of Middleton, Thorn ham, Hopwood, and Birtle-cum-Bamford, and was built upwards of 100 years ago. Middleton and Thornham were now the only occupiers of it; as, since the passing of the new poor-law the two last had been joined to the Bury union. The defendant was ap pointed many years ago. A meeting of the rate-payers of Middleton was held recently, to inquire into his con duct. It appeared from inquiries made, that there was not room for the Middleton inmates. In conse quence, the overseer gave Halliwell instructions to break off the locks of those rooms which the defendant had locked up, that they might not be occupied by the Middleton paupers. The defendant was now the officer of Thornham and Hopwood, and not of Middle ton; the latter township being dissatisfied with his conduct, they had appointed the complainant as their governor for the protection of their paupers. The defendant's conduct had been disgraceful : he had gone into the rooms and put water under the beds, opened the windows, and thrown large pieces of wood upon the floors, thus preventing the aged in mates from sleeping. He had no doubt it would be contended that it was done as a right of possession. Witness then produced the deed of the workhouse, and also a plan of the building.—James Halliwell said the overseers of Middleton appointed him as their governor on the 29th of July, and gave him possession of the workhouse. I removed two beds into the rooms unoccupied, and went to sleep in the room with the paupers. Collinge, the defendant, came, and asked who was in the beds ; and he was told that I was; he abused us very much. That was the first night. By the Bench—What made you go into those rooms ?—I was sent there. On the Tuesday the overseers directed me to break the locks open, and we took possession. The next morning we found all locked from us but three rooms. On the Friday morn ing I cleaned the oven out, and placed fire under it to heat it. It had been a rule to bake the bread at a neighbour's house for the use of the inmates for six years ; and when the oven was heated the defendant threw water upon the fire, and put it out. On Tuesday, the Gth inst., the defendant came to the house at nine o'clock at night, and asked who had broken open the door of the room in which he was ? I informed him that I had an order to separate the male from the female. I had got an old decrepit man to bed, who was afraid of him ; he swore that he was master of the house, and he would do as he thought proper. He opened the windows ; and I followed him and closed them. He threw down the bed-posts on the room floor; fetched cans of water, and threw it under the beds of the inmates ; then pulled my bed down, and the overseer, who was with me, put it up again. The inmates in the house were alarmed at the violent conduct of the defendant. lam not afraid of Collinge; but I pray he may be bound over to keep the peace.—The overseer of Heap said he was informed, on Wednesday last, that the Middleton governor had put two men and two females together in one room, and the directions were to se parate the sexes ; they were willing to build a now pantry if that would please them. The defendant was appointed governor of the house by four town ships, and that appointment had not been rescinded. By the Bench—Are you afraid of a disturbance ? Yes ; the complainant has gone there for nothing else. The Rev. R. Durnford, rector of Middleton, said the complainant was no friend of the defendant, who had an old feud against him. He would recommend to the Bench that the house should be divided, that each township might know its own part. Mr. Royds—l would recommend that the workhouse should be divided ; and we will hind over both parties for twelve months, in two sureties each, for their good behaviour towards each other.-111anchester Guardian. D RUNKENNESS. A return has been made during the present session of Parliament on this subject, which cannot fail to excite interest, as it is one which is, in a statistical point of view, illustrative to a certain extent of the moral condition of the people of this vast metropolis. The returns moved for by Mr. Ilume were " of the number of persons taken into custody for drunkenness, and for disorderly con duct, by the metropolitan police, in each year from 1831 to 1843 f both inclusive, distinguishing each, and stating the population of the metropolitan police dis trict in the years 1831 and 1843 ; and a similar return fur the City of London." From this document we glean the following sin gular results :—The maximum amount of persons taken into custody for drunkenness is to be found in the years 1831, 1832, and 1833, and the minimum in 1843 : In 1831 they were, males and females ... 31,353 1832 ditto ditto .. 32,636 1833 ditto ditto 29,880 Taking the population according to the census of 1831 at 1,515,585, then the number of persons taken into custody for drunkenness was in these pe riods respectively as about 2 1-15th, 2 1-17th, and 1 and a fraction out of every 100. In 1843 the number of persons taken into custody for drunken ness fell to 10,890, which, taking the census of 1841, say 2,068,107, was in the proportion of little more than in every 100. In the City of London also the same gratifying result is shown In 1840 the numbers were 5,113, which, on the estimated population of 124,876, was in the enor mous proportion of full 4 1-10th out of every 100. In 1843 the numbers were 2,595, which, taking the official estimated population at 125,273, was in the ratio of 01 to every 100. Let us hope, from these facts, that t em perance is becoming m ore general among the labouring classes of the metropolis. Its beneficial influence on the social condition of the people must be evident to every man. PIINCH WILLIAM OF PRUSSIA. —His Royal High ness landed at Woolwich on Tuesday evening, between eight and nine. He proceeded almost immediately to town, and stopped for the night at the Prussian Lega tion, in Carlton-terrace. The Prince proceeded this morning to Windsor Castle, accompanied by the Cheva. Tier Bunsen. His Royal Highness from thence will pro ceed to Bushy Park, to visit her Majesty the Queen Dowager. The Prince will afterwards proceed to Ke and will visit the other members of the Royal Family. A sumptuous banquet, to be followed by a brilliant evening entertainment, will be given at the Prussian Legation on Friday next, in honour of the arrival of his Royal Highness. Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, the Duchess of Gloucester, the Grand Duke and Duchess of Mecklenburgh Strelitz, and several of tho most distinguished members of the aristocracy have also received invitations for this enter tainment. _ .. ..d ~------- SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY. GLOBE.—A more moderate tone is perceptible throughout the discussions of the Otaheitian question by the French journalists. Their voice is no longer raised, in indignant tones, against what they have been wont to designate the insolence of England; nor do they demand an appeal to the arbitrement war, as the only means of vindicating the imaginary wrongs of the great nation. This is so far satisfac tory. It shows that the war. notes which these party organs have recently sounded are not promptedby, nor in unison with, the sentiments of thee French Ministry. The firm, but reasonable and moderate demands of reparation which, there is reason to believe, have been made by the British Cabinet upon that of the French, have been entertained with. a desire to afford satisfaction. The disputes which at one period seemed ripening into an appeal to the sword, will, there is now reason to hope, be settled by the more rational functions of the pen. The publics press of this country—speaking, as it does, the prevail-. ing opinions of the nation, and endeavouring, as is its wish no less than is its interest, to promote the pros perity of the community—will respond to this im proved state of feeling in France. If the French Mi nisters repudiate the acts of their subordinate officers; remove from the scene of their unauthorised and il legal proceedings the perpetrators of the outrages upon Queen Pomare and her subjects, and especially upon the British Consul at Otaheite ; if those subordi nate authorities be proceeded against as violaters of the laws of nations, and offenders against the laws of the country whose commission they have perverted to purposes foreign to the objects for which it was con ferred ; if the French Government thus caution and. warn other of its officers who may be influenced by a. kindred spirit of hostility to the interest of both. countries—it will furnish a practical proof of its sincerity in disavowing the acts of the French authorities in the Pacific. The English Government —faithful to its declared desire to preserve and! strengthen peaceful relations between England and France—will, we are certain, accept these explana tions and reparation of the wrong ; and a mutual good understanding between the two Cabinets will be restored. But there must be no delay in the negotiations tend ing to bring about an amicable adjustment of existing differences. While protocols are being framed; while time is spent in obtaining evidence as to disputed facts,. incidental to, but net constituting the gravamen of the cause of quarrel; the danger of widening the dispute is daily becoming greater. The very last arrival from Ota heite brought intelligence of proceedings calculated to increase the embarrassments of the two Governments in endeavouring to avert war. The proclamations issued by M. D'Aubigny ; the acts of that officer, avowed in his communications with his Government—these are snf ficient proofs of those acts, of which the British Go vernment complains, and demands apology and re dress. Unchecked by prohibitions from the French Ministers,, the French authorities in Otaheite will proceed onward in their course of outrage and violence. Fear of further wrongs may extort from the defence less Queen and her timid and oppressed people, con cessions and submissions on which new levies may be made, new claims set up, and thus matter for new disputes between the two countries be produced. We have no disposition to pry into the secrets of Cabinets, much less to embarrass their efforts to preserve peace, when threatened with interrup tion. But we are bound by a scene of duty to state that the people of this coal , 1-y, anxious though they be for the maintenance of i - ezee, will be sorely disappointed and dissatisfied ii Otaheite continue under a French "Protectorate." From that self imposed " Protectorate" dispute between the two countries was engendered. Under it, the unoffending Queen and her people have been sub jected to tyranny and opression the most barbarous; and severe : the former has been dethroned, and is: now a fugitive on board a British vessel; the latter have been driven from their habitations, and com pelled to seek shelter upon the mountains, and in dens and caves of the island, from the cruelty of their persecutors ! The French, under the pretext of be coming the " protectors" of Otaheite, are, in reality, the plunderers and destroyers of the inhabitants. STANDARD.—The patriotic exertions of Lord, Minto, Lord Palmerston, and Lord John Russell, in fanning into flame anew the embers of agitation in France on the subject of Morocco and Otaheite, have not been wholly unrewarded. But we are surprised, considering the transparency of their motives, for there is a common sympathy in their object . .., that such journals as the Dehats should permit themselves to be irritated by their " inter pellations." Whenever a crisis has arisen which has demanded an abstinence from irritating topics, some self-elected Whig champion of the liono of his country has invariably risen in his place in Par liament to propound inquiries which, whether answered or not, would, he well knew, add fuel to the fire. The motives for such appeals are, however, not always unmixed. In each of the instances above referred to, indeed, the desire for self-exaltation may probably have exceeded the disposition to he mischievous. Lord Minto, whose Government em broiled us in three-fourths of the world, is surprised that the Admiralty do not keep afloat as large a naval armament as he found indispensable for the pub lic service during his career of official ne potism. Lord Palmerston, whose diplomatic cox combry had well nigh involved us in a war in the only quarter of the globe in which we had not already some quarrel upon our hands, is unable to understand the ill-feeling which has grown up against us in a country whose amour propre he had wounded, and whose confidence he had chilled. Lord John Russell, on the other hand, rises as an affectionate monitor of the Government, to offer a host of suggestions which he never attempted. to put in practice himself; and the chief ob ject of which, like his " lament over the scanty means and severe toil of the labouring populae ticn," and his allusion to the " gross outrage com mitted on a British subject at Otaheite," has been to create discontent and strife. Such, we repeat, how ever earnest their disclaimer of factious motives, has been the aim and object of this patriotic trio, and the arrow has not always fallen short of the mark. Looking at the constitution of the French press, and the fact that the same farce is repeated by the opponents of the French Government with no mean success on the other side of the water, it is surprising that the attempts of either party should have the slightest influence beyond their own particular cliques. So long, however, as their speeches produce results so completely in accordance with their intentions, the nuisance is little likely to be abated. It is worth our while to remember that those people who inveigh with so much bitterness against the imputed forbearance of Lord Aberdeen were part and parcel of a Ministry, whose aggressions on other powers were invariably followed by the meanest and most abject concessions. In regard to France it cannot be denied that the feeling which the Governments of both countries find it so difficult to allay, is the exclusive result of the foreign policy of Lord Palmerston ; that policy for which he assumed to himself in his late manifesto so extensive a credit. MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS. CITY, TUESDAY EVENING. TIMES.—The premium on gold at Paris is 9 per mine, which, at the English Mint price of 31. 17s. luid. per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of 2•• 38 ; and the exchange at Paris on London at short being 25 50, it follows that gold is 0.47 per cent. dearer in London than in Paris. By advices from llamburgh the price of gold is 434 per mark, which, at the English Mint price of 31. 17s. 10/01. per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of 13 9f ; and the exchange at llamburgh on London at short being 13 9i, it follows that gold is 0.11 dearer in London than in llamburgh. At the Greenwich meeting to-day the question of re newed negotiation with the South-Eastern and Dover Company for a lease of the line on improved terms was broached and discussed with much good feeling, sup ported and encouraged, as it was by a communication: from a party present that the South-Eastern Directors were yet inclined to give something more than the sum previously offered. It seemed, in fact, to be the desire of the shareholders to have some sort of amalgamation with the South-Eastern or other contiguous com panies, which would insure a certain return for capital invested, though at the same time, there was evidently a more harmonious spirit; of co-operation among them to support their rights inviolate, and not suffer themselves to be the suppliants of other boards, or immediately , accept any terms that might be dictated. If no arrange ment of a profitable character can be made with the South-Eastern or the Croydon boards, the new prospect of a North Kent line, with its consecluent advantages, is regarded as another point on the shareholders may rely for success ; but, as it rally believed that the South-Eastern Directors are d: posed to enter into is modified agreement which will meet the Greenwich Di-. rectors half-way, the majority expressed an opinion in, favour of coming to an equitable arrangement with that Company, so as to avoid the probability of a further ac cumulation of debt. Mr. D. W. Harvey, Mr. Moor', Mr. Laurence, Mr. Salomons, and others, although all had different resolutions, agreed in the main with thel broad principle of the proposition, and the result was the appointment of a Committee of seven Shareholders to act with the Directors in re-opening these negotia tions, an adjournment of the meeting to a future day being made to receive a report on the subject. According to the statement of affairs laid before the; shareholders, the receipts of the last half-year have reached to 23,416/. 9s. 7d., an increase of 1,8711. 19s. 4d. compared with the same period in 1842 ; but then it was justly remarked, that while this was the case, then) appeared also a very large increase in expenditure. The question of the payment of the preference shareholders before all expenses of working and repairing the lino were discherged was referred to, but minor considera tions such as this and other matters were by general ', Re / consent allowed to be suspended till the termination of labours of the Committee, in conjunction with the Directors, is announced. The Committee of Spanish American bondholders held a meeting yesterday, but no official account has been given of the result. It is ascertained, however, that 11° 'rot' f fiel , r, ° A f itte e,dife: