The Sun. — London, England, 1844-12-31 00:00:00

CE. ) 13 no ° , in t ha 0 0 ; ne ss hriviq ing s t " )ild not w hich, pa tient to m an VP O° 011 , th h er o 10°14 V) th e • pre° up t ° b a the' ind g ° jai b e to 0 11, pf varied , Da d' 6r° pdind r I 0 •hoge C' (2)IAVESEND STAR PACKETS leave the VI Brunswick Pier, Blackwall, at 11, 3, and 4; on Sundays at 11 all 11 :3 Frew Terrace Pier, Gravesend, at I, and 5; on Sundays at 91 and 5. Far' to or fr, tn 1-.011'1(,14. Fora Ca Nu 1., Saloon ai,,l r , ", ' • ..: ~..:5:... To or from Blackwall. Fore Cabin, Sixpence—Saloon, Nincpence. r Office, Gravesend, Nov. 29, 1844. REAT WESTERN AND CORNWALL JUNCTION RAILWAY, from Exeter to Falmouth.' . 4 Altai, 2,000,0004, in 100,000 Shares of 20/.'each. Deposit, 11. 10s. per Share. Th c proposed by this Company commences at. Cowley. bridge .0 the vicinity of the city of Exeter, uniting at !lot point with the Bristol and Exeter Line, traverses the centre of the county of Devon, and the great mining district of Cornwall to the town of Truro, whence it takes a southerly direction to, and ter. asinates at, the port of Falmouth. The line is integral between its termini, and will, by means of the Bristol and Exeter and the Great Western Railways, connect the port of Falmouth and the western counties with the metropolis and the chief manufacturing towns in the north of England. The line was surveyed, at a great expense, in 1636, by the Lon ion, Salisbury, Exeter, and Falmouth Railway Company, the pro moters of which applied to Parliament in the session of 1837 for an Aft of incorporation, which had, after a protracted and search ing investigation, the sanction and report of a Committee of the House of Commons in its favour. _ . The present Company has, by an arrangement with the Share holders of the former, acquired the valuable plans, sections, and other documentary evidence in support of the line, and it is thus - -gabled to present an undertaking sanctioned by a Committee of the Legislature—a feature which distinguishes it from all the rail. ways of :scent projection. The notice' and deposits of plans required by the Standing Or ders of the Howes of Lords and Commons have been perfected. A deposit of 11. 101. per share to be paid to the account of the Acting Committee with the Bankers of the Company upon appro. priatton. But its accordance with the arrangement entered into with the Shareholders in the London, Salisbury, Exeter, and Fal mouth Railway Company, their Shares will be recognised on the payment of ss. per share, part of the deposit, and the further sum of 11. per share will entitle the holder to a certificate in the pre sent Company, representing a deposit of 11. 10s. ; the Subscribers' agreement and Parliamentary contract being previously executed. In the event of this undertaking not receiving the sanction o 1 the Legislature, the Parliamentary deposit of I/. per share will be eturned to the Suhscribers without any deduction. " No application forehat can be attended to, unless made in the following form:— To the PROVISIONAL COMMITTEE of the GREAT WESTERN and CORNWALL JUNCTION RAILWAY. GENTLEMBY,—I request you will allot to me shares (3[20/. each, or any lesser number of shares, in the Great Western and Cornwall Junction Railway Company, on the terms and conditions ol the prospectus ; and I undertake to pay the deposit and sign the sabseribers' agreement and Parliamentary contract, wherein I am celled to do so. _ _ . Dated the day of 184 . Name - Residence Trade or Profession Reference Apt)ideation. for prospectus and for shares to be addressed to the Secretary, R. Moore, Esq., at the Company's offices, 15, Old Jewry chambers; to the Solicitor, William Bevan, Esq., 6, Old Jewry; to Messrs. J. Shewell and Son, Tokenhouse-yard ; to the Commercial Bank of England, Lothbury, and Henrietta.street, Covent.garden, London; at the respective branches and agencies of the National Provincial Bank of England; to R. T. Head, Esq., solicitor, and Mr. Charles Dean, surveyor, Exeter; to Messrs. Burd and Son, solicitors, Okohampton, Devon ; or to Mr. John Ellis, sharebroker, Falmouth. 11. . O.ISDON, SALISBURY, EXETER, an d FALMOUTH RAILWAY COMPANY. The holders of certificates of shares issued by the London, Salis. bury, Exeter, and Falmouth Railway Company, are requested to transmit the Dates and Numbers of their respective Certificates to the Secretary of the Great Western and Cornwall Junction Railway Company, at their °tikes, on or before the Ist day of January next, in order that they may be registered preparatory to their exchange tbr the scrip of the latter Company, upon the terms and in accord anee with the arrangement on which the undertaking is based. R. MOORE, Secretary. 15, Old Jewry-chambers, London, Dee. 23, 1844. GENERAL TOM THUMB. The AMERICAN MAN in MINIATURE has returned to London and is now holding his PUBLIC LEVEES at the se-3 Lary, in Suffblk.street, Pall-mall. Tke General has been visiting tee principal towns in England, Scotland, and Ireland, and has met with' unprecedented success. Whilst in Edinburgh the General was presented with a beautiful Highland dress, of the Royal Stuart Tartan, manufactured by Messrs. Meyers and Mortimer, in hick be will appear at each exhibition, in addition to his Citizen, 'spoleon, and Court dress. Hours of Exhibition from Eleven to One, Three to Five, and from Seven to Nine. Doors open half •an hour previous. Admission (regardless of age), One SkiULT. The General's Miniature Equipage will be exhibited daily from Four to Half.past Five, and from Eight to Half-past Nine, P at 121, Pall.mall, at the trifling charge of Threepence, merely to defray the rent of the room. NOW OPEN. UNIQUE EXHIBITION.—BATTLE OP WATERLOO. New Model, upon a.very large Scale, representing the Splendid Charge in the earlier part et the Battle by the British heavy Ca. valry under the Marquis of Anglesea, and by the British Infantry under Sir Thomas Picton. EGYPTIAN HALL, PICCADILLY. Open from Ten till Five; and In the Evenings, bra:iv - lily illuminated, from Sevea till Ten. Admission, One Shilling. FAREWELL TO THE OLD YEAR - Farewell to the Year, which will soon disappear, May the next with success be attended ; Through the universe wide, may Dame Fortune preside, And commerce and trade be extended ! May kingdoms unite, in defence of our rights, May freedom and justice e'er nourish ; Prosperity smile round our own bonny isle, Each subject his rights ever cherish ! May the sunshine of Peace all her prospects increase, May health and contentment be near us ; May friendship and joy all our moments employ, And our conscience triumphantly steer us ! With wishes like those, and the cheapest of clothes, Would Ilyam appeal to the nation ; Ills gratitude, too, is unbounded to you, For your favours and kind approbation! Hts splendid success, 'tie a task to express, In efforts you'll find no reaction ; His clothing for all, and at prices so small, Must ever ensure satisfaction! .-~ For the holidry times, his stock now combines, Of clothing a boundless collection ; The great and the small, the short and the tall, May choose from his splendid selection. Observe—All garments at this establishment are marked the price in plain figures, from which no abatement is made. Any article exchanged, which is not approved of, or the money returned. L. HYAM, Tailoring and Outfitting Establishment, Pa.ltech. melees, 50, Gracechurch-street. READY-MADE DEPARTMENT. Taglioni or Chesterfield coats, from ...... ..... ...£0 9 6 fitlealyou or Waterford Riding ditto, from ......... .... . 0 12 • The Parisian Envelope, from Albert Walking Coat, from Boys' and Youths' Taglionis, or Chesterfields, from 0 la 6 Men's Dress Coats, any colour, from ... 1 1 • Ditto Surtont ditto, ditto, from . Ditto Black Trousers, from ... Ditto ditto Vogt, from Ditto Tweed Trousers, from I 7 6 0 12 • Ditto Buckskin Trousers, from Ditto Fancy Vest, from Tunic suit, from Hussar suit, from Men's Moleskin Trousers, from Ditto, ditto, very best quality, rule pockets, from • 6 6 (Moo Coats, from ... .. 4 5 0 BESPOKE DEPARTMENT. Taglioni or Chesterfield Coats, from Ol5 0 Glenlyon or Waterford Riding ditto, from 1 9 0 The Parisian Envelope, froin ... 1 b • Albert Walking Coat, from ..... 1 10 II Boys' and Youths' Taglionis and Chesterfields , fr om 0 12 0 Men's Dress Coats, any colour Ditto Surtouta, ditto, from Ditto Doeskin Trousers, any pattern, from ... Ditto Black dress Trousers, from 0 18 0 Ditto Fashionable Vests, in endless variety, from A New Book, entitled " The Age of Wendel," containing a detailed List of Prices, Fashions, and Description of mat •rial for the present season, can be had by applying to Mr. L. HYAM, Panteehnetheca, 56, Gracechurch.street, London. THE: BEST REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION. NORTON'S CAMOMILE PILLS are confi dently recoraraended as a simple, but certain remedy, to all who suffer from Indigestion, Sick Headacb, Bilious and Liver Com plainta; they act u a powerful tonic and gentle aperieut, impart. Ins strength to the stomach, and composure to the nervous system. Sold in bottled at Is. 1 4d., 2s. lid. , er I I 1., each, by A. Wit. lough's) , and Co., late B. G. Windus, 61, Bishepsgate Without, and nearly all Medicine Vendors. PUBLIC NOTICE. 434 OXFORD.STREET. TO SHIPPERS, OWNERS. CAPTAINS, AND OTHERS. Copies of Testimonials, Gratis, by all Agents. GRIA.ISTONE'S EYE SNUFF.—Under the Patronage of his late Majesty, her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, an/ the Lords of the Treasury. is universally re commended by the Faculty for its efficacy in removing disorders ncident to the Eyes and Head. SIGHT RF.STOR DEAFNESS —NERVOUS HEADACHE AND CURED! By the most simple, delightful, and fragrant Compound! Its mod to t application is fraught with pleasure; many thousand cures have been accomplished by its use, at a trifling expense, yet certain in its operation. If testimonies be necessary to induce the sufferer to make trial, Kings, Lords, and Commons have used it. The Lords of the treasury have sanctioned its use. Their late Ma leeties, tho Duchess of Kent, the most eminent Oculists, Medical Practitioners—with that gigantic balance, the Press—have eulogised Grimatone's celebrated Herbaceous Compound, known as " Grim. stone's Eye Snuff," for its efficacy in removing all diseases inci d e n t to the Eves and Head. G. J. Guthrie , Esq., F.R.S. See .1. B. Lech. field, Esq.'s Letter, Whitehall. Dr. Thomas. Dr. Andrews calls it a national blesnng—see his Reports touching its utility. The late Mr. Abernethy, with many others, recominend Grimstone's Eye Snuff, and call it " Man's best Friend," and the "Student's Made Mecum. ' Dr. Andrews also recommends its use as a preventive. See his reports in Nov. 1881. He states that the tenacious sympathy of the membrane, within the nostrils, with the nervous system, that Grim. ,tome's Eye Snuff, when frequently taken , mu st be of the greateat benefit to the consumer; and. furt!,er, recommends its universal adoption as a preventative. Dr. Thomas, of Hatfield,' h;ving witnessed many cases both of headache and ophthalmia, Is.. kind'' , given his testimony thereof. A few of the many_ thf..nand Testimonials of Sight restored and Deafness cured by 01r.oiSfONE'S EYE SNUFF:— " To W. Griroqar,e, Eaq " April 20th, 1644. " Dear Sr.- 1 reel bound by a sense of justice to inform you of the miraculous '...ure effected on myself by taking a few pinches of *be far celebrated Gemstone's Eye Snuff , which, in my case, ought the .: 44 . ,lise . called' Ear Snuff.' it Laving e ff ectually relieved me from ra a draft e e " t,: mt which I have been suffering fo r man y y ears. You are use you please of communication, since I u litser onld ty much regret to make . if the xtraordinary qualities of your Eye Snuff trete not universally known. el: • " I am, dear Sir. y.O obedient servant, " M A RaARET MACGREGOR. "Branton, Scotland. " I can vouch for the truth of the foregoing facts and sat me n " May 8, 111444. " JAMES faniTER, Kentbury, Berks.' G. W. M. Reynolds, editor of andsChmber.' London Journal, &c. retievedof excruciating pains, can noW wss W. with spectacles —3 ,Stamford.st:eet, Illactfriar's-road. Madame F. Lespls, facing the church, Park-street, Wlisdaor ; RFI*I3 red of dimness of sight and headache.-9th September, 168. itap,ehall d and J. B. Lachfleld , Esq. ; cured of Ophthalmia. Wh Thatched House Tavern. —See h is letters, 1538 and 1842, Observe the Caution —W. GRIMSTONE is the sole inventor, and the only genuine is prepared by him. Odoriferous Herbaceous Compound of Herbs is sold in ttS. and 15s. ed, esich,,SY the •-1 .is. td. t 4s. 4d., - ' I 4STUNE at No. 43 4 , Oxford.street, Broad.street, BlooMsb,urf), also be ootained in all the ""wance to Shippers snuff Thus ' "Omni canisters, at Proprietor, W. 0 tt..._ harn.e.ourt-road end (late o. and at the Herbary, Highgate; aria .... tlirseipal Towns and Cities. A liberal owners, Captains, and all Vendors of Grimstone's celebrated Snuff is shipped to all quarters of the globe, eau *a benign' qualities in every climate All Snuffs and Cigars shippe.. en the shortest notice. Any quantity can be forwarded through the General st' by Sending money orders. A 2s. 4d. canister, with :post g ill cost Ss. and so on in like proportio HaIIEARY HIGHGATE Age,. I 20 I 30 I 40 I 50 60 l 10 3 I £2 0 7 1 £2 15 Zt 1 8 Company rstforog the advantages of the guarantee of art ample subscribed capital—of permission to retain sue.-third of the prenshou in their own hands (the pottlea so retained, with interOd upon it, being deducted from the policy when it become a clahn),--of ascend ing, de.,cending, and other scales of prersiums,—asd of participation in the profits at the end of every five years. TO EMIGRANTS, TO THE AUSTRALASIAN COLONIES, assured for the whole of ills, this Company offer the permission to proceed to, and reside in, any of those colonies without extra pre mium, and to pay their premiums there. For residence in New Zealand, a moderate extra premium is charged. In Sydney, a Board of Directors, and gents in all the principal settlements—Bankers in the colony. The Bank of Australasia (ill. corperated by Royal Charter, 1435), Ne. 2, Moorgate-street, London. ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. Christmas Holidays. One of the brilliant novelties is Child's CHROMATROPE, to which may be added, Subjects in Nature and Art for the PROTEOSCOPE. The PHYSIOSCOPE. The first Ex hibition of a Series of beautiful DISSOLVING VIEWS. On the Evenings of Tuesdays and Thursdays Mr. C. E. HORN lectures nu the MUSIC of DIFFERENT NATIONS. Dr. RYAN'S and Pro fessor BACHHOFFNER'S varied LECTURES dilly. Dr. RYAN also Lectures en the Evenings of Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. All these Lectures abound in interesting Experiments. SUBMA RINE EXPERIMENTS by means of the DIVING-BELL and DIVER. The HYDRO-ELECTRIC MACHINE. Admission, ls.; Schools, Halt-price. A New Edition of the CATALOGUE, containing Three Hundred additional Works irf Art, &c., since the last revisal, is just pablishod. price Is. MPLO Y MEN T.—Persons having a little time 2.1 to spars are apprised that Agentsc6ntinue to be appointed in London, and country towns, by the EAST INDIA TEA COMPANY, or the sale of their celebrated teas. Offices, No. 9, Great St. Helen's-churchyard, Bishopsg,ate-strtA.l They are packed in showy leaden canisters, front oneounceNto a pound, with the price and weight marked on each packet, and bet ittle trouble is occasioned by the sale. The license is only lie. per annum, and many during the last nineteen years have realised con siderable incomes by the agency without one shilling let or loss, Application to be made (if by letter post-paid) as above. L IFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. AUSTRALASIAN, COLONIAL, AND GENERAL LIFE - ASSURANCE and ANNUITY SOCIETY. Capital 200,0001., in 2,000 Shares. DIItECTONS. Edward Barnard, Esq., F.U.S. Gideon Colquhoun, Esq. Robert Brooks, Esq. Charles E. Mangles, Esq. Henry Buckle, Esq. Richard Ouslow, Esq. John Henry Capper, Esq. William Walker, Esq. SECRETARY—Edward Ryley, Esq. The following are specimens of the premiums charged by this Com pany for the assurance of 1001. ANNUITIES. Annuitants participate hi the profits of the Company, and receive a rate of annuity much more favourable than can. be granted by any Company making its investments wholly in England. The Company is enabled securely_ to grant these favourable terms from the advan tage it possessed of investing a portion of its hinds at a high rate of interest. INDIA. Tables of Premiums for Assurances on the lives of officers engaged in civil, or in naval or military service in the East Indies and China, may be seen at the Offices of the Company. • AGENTS IN INDIA. Calcutta Messrs. Boyd, Becby, aid Co. Madras Bombay Messrs. Ritchie, Steuart, and Co. Ceylon Prospectuses and full particulars may be had at the Offices of the Company, No. 126, Bishopsgate-street, corner of Cornhill. THE BEST ENGLISH WATCHES. A B. SAVORY and SONS, Watchmakers, No lA_ • 9, Cernhill, London, opposite the Bank, reiuest the atten ton of purchasers to their Stock of London-made PATENT LEVER WATCHES, which are manufactured by themselves in their own house. In Siver Cases, with the Detached Escapement n jewelled, the prices are Four Guineas and a Half, Six, and Eight uineas each ; or in geld cases, Ten, Twelve, Fourteen, and S xteen Guineas each. The very large stock offered for selection includes every description, enabling a customer to select that which is more particularly adapted to his own use, 911 HE CHEAPEST. TALLOW CANDLES. Those who burn these are recommended to make one trial whether PRICE'S PATENT CANDLES do not give so much more light as to be in reality cheaper. They may be had of respectable dealers throughout the kingdom, if care be taken to prevent any imitations being pawed off as the Patent Candles; and the Trade may obtain them wholesale from Edward Price and Co., Belmont, Vauxhall, and Palmer and Co., Sutton-street, Clerkenwell. POST-OFFICE.—CAUTION. PRICE and CO., perfumers to her Al!tjesty, 28, Lombard-street (late Price and Gosnell's, and formerly Patey, Butts, Price, and Co's.), by the recommendation of the Se. cretary of the Post.office, beg to " impress upon their Corre.' spoudents the necessity of precision in the address of all letters in. tended for them," thus—" Price and . Co." (and not " Price and Gosnell"--that firm ceased to'exist in 1831), as the only means of guarding against the fraudulent conduct of individuals who take in and retain letters and orders intended for Price and Co., by il. legally assuming the' firm of " Price - and Gosnell," well knowing hat they never were in any way connected with that brm OTHERWISE THAN AS SERVANTS. Price andCe.'s Perfumery is so superior to any other, and in such general demand, that many shopkeepers are basely deceiving the Public by selling urious imitations. Price and Co. respect fully solicit Ladirs and Gentlemen when they purchase not to take any article without the protection label, from a design by Sir William Cengreve, being affixed to it, with the signature of " Pries% rid Co. Lombard.street," in red ink, and " 28" conspi. cuously in its centre. Price and Co. are the sole Wholesale AgctitS for DELCROIX'S KALYDOR, a Frew.), en.metic, surpassing all ethers for preserving awl beau tifying the Complexion, prepared for tho use of her mast graeious Majesty the Queen, and her Majesty the Queen Dowager, by es pecial command, and protected by letters patent. Price 4s. lid. DELCROIX'S MACASSAR OIL, mported and er the sanction of the " Lords of the Treasury," for the use of her most gracious Majesty and their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales, the Princess Royal, &c., is also protected by two elegantly-executed, correct likenesses, in embossed medallions, of her Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Albert. Price Ss. Gd. DELCROIX'S ODONTO. " We do unt hesitate to recommend, from experience, DEL. CROIX'S ODONTO, or the Queen's own Dentifrice, as the most ealuable means of purifying, preserving, and embellishing the Teeth and Gums, hitherto offered to the Public."—Court Gazette. ...l l ' The Bouquet Duke of York is the last new fashionable perfume of the season 1844 ; but though the last, is net the least i nperfection, as it happily combines the preceding excellence •f all the royal bouquets, with the delicate and delicious fragrance of the white moss rose. Let him who is a true born gentleman, And stands upon the honour of his birth If he suppose that I have pleaded truth— From off this briar pluck a white rose with me. -.-.. . Messrs. J. Delcrotx and Ce., 158, New Bond-street, have pleasure In offering this their last bouquet of the season, and beg to Inform the Nubility and their Patrons that, during the recess, all orders for their " unique cadeau" of a case containing the six royal bou quets for one guinea, comprising the bouquets de la Refine, d'Albert, Prince of 'Wales, Duke of York, Princesse Royale, and Princesse Alice, will be forwarded to any part of the country, carriage paid. To insure the genuine, particular attention is required in observing that No. 158, New Bond street, London, be upon each case and every bottle, as worthless counterfeits, for the sake of profit, are sold by Druggists and Hairdressers in town and country. SHAVING A LUXURY. PRICE and CO.; RYPOPHAGON surpasses every soap ever invented for shaving. One trial will prove that the luxury of a good shave can be enjoyed only by those who use Price and Co.'s Rypophagon, which renders shaving (hitherto disagreeable and often painful) pleasant and easy. Prepared by Price and Co., 28, Lombard-street (late Price and Gosnell's), and sold by Delcroix and Co., 158, New Bond-street, and nowhere else In London, price ss. 6d per pot, Is. per square, in cakes for boxes I s. 6d. and 2s. 6d. Mr. Price will have pleasure in presenting any brother traveller with a square of the Rypophagon gratuitously, who may do him the honour to call at Montpellier House, 28, Lombard street. - REGENERATION of our DOMESTIC . TRADE,—New Markets for our Manufactures—Ships—Co lonies— Commerce, are tho important and useful objects aimed at in Fisher's Colonial Magazine, and Journal of Trade, Commerce, and Banking, published Monthly, price One Shilling. The First Number .of the Second Volume, published January 1, 1845, presents to persons desirous of becoming Subscribers a favourable' opportunity of com mencing. Vol. I. (New Series) now ready, price 12s. cloth. Fisher, Sou, and Co., the Caxton Press, Angel-street, Nor-gate street, London. LIUE LANCET.—No. I. of a iNTENIr VOLUME, on Saturday, JANUARY 4. CONTENTS FOR 1845 :—I. Lectures on Organic Chemistry, Liebig, applicable to Physiology, Dietetics, Agriculture, and Mann fac, ures.—ll. Lectures on the Operations of: Surgery (Engravings), and on Diseases of the Urinary and Genital Organs, by Professor I iston, F.R.S.—III. Courses of Lectures on Insanity, by M. Bail larger, of Paris, and Dr. Conolly, Physician to the Cou..ty Lunati, Asylum, Middlesex; all revised by the distinguished Lecturers ex pressly f,r THE LANCET.—An immense variety of Original Com munications, Hospital Reports. Reviews, &c , &c. The earliest authen tic intelligence relative to the organisation now actively In progress of the General Practitioners of this kingdom ir.to a diStiiict corpora tiorr, to oppose the Medical Spollating Bill of the Government.—Also, in consequence of recent extraordinary statements, a Complete Criti. cal FliStory (commencing in January) of the Rise, Progress, and Mack Marvels of that Hallucinating Fraud called " Mcsmerism."— THE LANCET, in its enlarged form, is a Mirror of the Medical News of the civilised world. Price 6d. ; stamps I for post, 7d. For twelve months, unstamped, 11. Os. ; stumped, 11. 10s. The half year in proportion. London : John Churchill. Order THE L kNCET frcni any Bookseller or Newsman. THE NINTH EDITION. Just Published, in a sealed envelope, price 21. cid., and sent free, on receipt of a Post-office Order, for 3s. 6d., MANLY HEALTH: a Popular Inquiry into the Concealed cause of its Premature Decline ' with Inctruc. tuns for it Complete Restoration. Addressed to those suffering from the desstructive consesp.ences of excessive indulgence term'. rutting in mental and nervous debility, local or constitutional weak., near, indigestion, and consumption. Including a corru•rehenslve as . sertation on MARRIAGE. Illustratedwith Cas es, its. By' C. J. LUCAS and Co., Consulting Su s, London. May be had of the Authors, No. 68,"Fewman.street ; Oxford.,i street; and sold by Brittain, 11, Paternostar-row ; Hannay end Co.;". 63, Oxford-street; Noble, P 9, Chancery - lane; J. Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street ; G. Mansell, 3, Wag-street, Southwark ; C. Westerton, 15, Park-side, Knight .bridee ; Huett, 37, Princes. street, Leicester-square, London ; T. Sowler, Ceurier Office, 4, St. Ann's. , quare Manche ter; W. Howell, 75, Dale-street, Liverpool ; W. Wood, 78, High-street, Birmingham; W. and H. Robinson, 11, Gteenside-street, Edinburgh; T. Pride, 93, Dame-street, Dub l in ;' and all Booksellers. " The best of all friends is the professional friend; and in no shape can he be consulted with greater safety and secrecy than in Lucas on Manly health.' The author shoes 'how' Manly Vigour,' tern. porarily impaired, ran be restored."—The New Bell's Weekly stetsenger. Messrs. Lucas and Co. are to be consulted from ten till two and from Live till eight in the evening, at their residence, No. 60, New man-street, Oxford-street, London, and country patients may be successfully treated, on minutely describing their case, and inclosing he usual fee of N. for advice. LLOYD'S SHIPPING. EAST INDIA SHIPPING. Arrivals—Mary Bannatyne, Picken, from China, it the Downs, sailed July 9, St. Helena Nov. 10 ; Earl ~ J Harewood, Atkin, from Madras, at Liverpool, sailed Sept. 2 ; Maggie, Spence, from Mauritius, at Cowes. sailed Sept. 18, St. Helena Oct. 26 ; Eclipse, Smith, from Mauritius, off Falmouth, sailed Sept. 30, St. Helena Nov. 9 ; Saghalien, Brown, from China, off Liverpool, sailed Aug. 3 ; Diadem, Harland, from Bengal, off Portland, sailed July 17, Mauritius Sept. 14, St. Helena Oct. 24 ; Sons of Commerce, Williams, from Singapore, off Ful mouth, sailed Aug. 5 ; Vindicator, Robinson, from Ma nilla, in the St. Katharine's Dock, sailed July 15, St. Helena Oct. 29. Arrivals at St. Helena—Gem, Nov. 6, and Sarah, Fleming, from West Coast of Africa ; Mary and Hille gouda, 7th, from Batavia ; Euclid, Bth, from coast of Africa ; Favourite, from Batavia ; H.M.S. Ringdove, from Benguela ; Batavia, from Batavia ; Eclipse, from Mauritius ; Henrietta, 9th, from Calcutta; Elizabeth and Ocean, from Ichaboe. Arrivals at Ichaboe—New Forest, from London, and was loading. Arrival at Pernambuco—Clifton, Cox, Nov. 12, from Bristol, and sailed, 13th, to Calcutta. THE UNITED SERVICE MAGAZINE, AND NAVAL AND MILITARY JOURNAL FOR JANUARY, 1845. —Thy most 'narked difference between this magazine and most of its contemporaries is, that while they are filled in a great measure with tales of fancy, which are perused but to be forgotten, it is a record of facts and occur rences, and of the results drawn from reflection and ex perience in reference to many of tke most practically in teresting questions regarding the professions which it re presents, and through them to the peace, prosperity, and security of the nation at large. The truth is, we knoll of no periodical published in this country more descry ing general patronage, and certainly no one containing anything like the same amount of information. Nor is what may be regarded as light reading wanting in its pages, for it abounds with narratives of the most inte resting and exciting kind—stranger than fiction, with the additional recommendation of their being true. The articles in the present Number that may be considered the most striking are—The Social Wrongs of the Soldier—Hints for National Defence, addressed to the people—The Experimental Squadrons—Reminiscences of a French Prison—A Record of Indian Warfare and Passages of Indian Adventure—Notes on Eastern Africa —A Chapter of Reflections on the Military Art—The Theatre of War in the Caucasus, &e. CALAMITOUS AND EXTENSIVE FIRE IN DUMFRIES. —On Wednesday morning last, about two o'clock, a fire broke out in the large workhouse of Mr. Beck, coach builder, immediately behind New Market-street, Dum fries ; the alarm was instantly given, and the police, with the fire engines, hastened to the place, but the destructive element had obtained so extensive a hold upon the combustible materials in the building, and spread with such fearful rapidity, that all efforts to arrest its progress on that part of the premises were considered hopeless ; and as soon as water could be procured, the engines were directed to play upon the houses fronting into New Market-street, as the wind, from being in an easterly direction, brought an immense quantity of sparks into that quarter, and se veral chimneys were on fire, on both sides of the street. The wind, however, continuing moderate, the progress of the fire in that direction was arrested. In the mean time it continued to progress in the other direc tion, anti the whole of the workshops, store-rooms, show-room, and other back premises, belonging; to Mr. Beck, were soon involved in a universal confla gration. Almost as soon as the workshops ad joining the dwelling-houses were on fire, and be fore the flames began to issue from the roof, it was observed, from the emission of smoke, that the dwelling-house had also caught fire. Every exertion was now made to save Mr. Beck's house hold furniture, and other valuables in the dwell ing-house the greater part of which, we be lieve, were got out with little damage. None of the ad joining buildings, except those belongine. to Mr. Beck, have been at all damaged by the fire, while the whole of his property is entirely burnt down. The property is to some extent insured. The cause of the Eire is not known.— D unfries Standard. FIRE IN GounaLs.—Between six and seven o'clock this morning, a fire broke out in the cotton factory of Messrs. WAslan, in Muirhead -street, Gorbals, shortl:• after the work had been set on, which for a time threat ened not only the destruction of the entire building, but the loss of a number of lives. It originated in the pick ing-room, and speedily enveloped the whole of the lower flat. By the timely arrival of the Gorbals fire-engines, its farther progress was checked, and the upper flats of the building saved ; a considerable amount of property, however, was destroyed. When the fire was first ob served, the workers in the lower flat made their escape as quickly as possibly ; but those in the other parts of the 'building, especially in the upper flat, got through the smoke with difficulty. We are happy to say that no person was injured, and that the flames were completely got under by nine o'clock. The West of England en gine, wo may remark, was in attendance, as well as the Gorbals brigade.—Glasgew Saturday Post. • uir _ • PUBLICATIONS. LAMERT ON DEBILITY, NERVOUSNESS, AND ALL DISORDERS ARISING FROM EXCESS, &c. " He who its pleasure's downy arms Ne'er lost his health or youthfu Icharrna, A here lives, and justly can Exclaim, in me behold a man !" Just published (in a sealed envelope), Tenth Edition, price 21. fkL, or sent by post, free, to any address, 3s. lid., QELF-PRESERVATION : a Popular E ssa y on those concealed disorders or i g inating in youthful excesses , a nd terminating in Nervous Debility, Local and Constitutional Weakness, and all those Sinkings, Anxieties, and Tremors, which afflict the Weak, the Sedentary, and the Delicate. With Practical Observations on Marriage, and on the Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases of the Reproductive Organs, with plain Directions for their perfect Restoration, By SAMUEL LAMERT, Consulting Surgeon, 9, BEDFOAtD-STREET, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON, Matriculated Member of the University of Edinburgh, Honorary Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, Licentiate of Apothecary's Hall, London dir c. " The various positions of Lover, Husband, and Parent, the in herent privileges of mankind, are frequently marred and prevented throng ?. the follies and frailties of early indiscretions. To such, among others, this Essay addresses itself ; and by its perusal many questions may be satisfactorily adjusted that admit of no appeal even to the most confidential friend."—Stafford Gazette. "Long experience in the treatment of r class of diseases hitherto neglected and most imperfectly understood by the great bulk of the medical profession, has enabled the writer to prove that there are conceale . causes of Nervous Debility In exi , tence, where the mere routine ivactitioner would never dream of finding them ; tracelole to certain habits, forming the most secret, yet deadly, and f ••al springs of domestic misery, and premature mortality."—Wakefield Journal. Published by the Author, and sold in London by S. Gilbert, 51 and 52, Paternoster-row ; Starie, 23, Tichberne-street, Quadrant, Regent street ; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford-street ; Noble, 114, Chancery lane; Gordon, 146, Leadenhall.stroet ; and by alp:ooksellers. At home every day till ! hree . and from e till Eight A NEW AND IMPORTANT EDITION OF THE SILENT' FRIEND ON HUMAN FRAILTY. Just published, price 2s. fial, and free by post (in a sealed envelope), Price 6d., THE SILENT FRIEND ; a Medical Work on Human Frailty and Physical Decay, its causes, and the baneful effects of excessive indulgence and infection, illustrated by engravings, with observations on Marriage, and directions for the removal of certain disqualifitions. By FL and L. P ca ERRY and CO. Published by the Authors, and sold at their Residence, 19, Romero.. street, Oxford-street ; also by Strange, 21, Paternoster-row; Furkis, Compton.street, Soho; Noble, 109, Chancery-lane; Hannay and 20., 61, Oxford-street; J. Gordon, 146. Leadenhall.street, Lon don ; and by all Booksellers In Town and Country OPINIONS OP THE PRESS. " We regard the work before us, -s The Silent Friend,' as a work embracing most clear and practical views of a series of corn. plaints hitherto little understood, and passed over by the majority of the Medical profession, for what reason we arc at a losst o know. Wemust, however, confess that a perusal of this work has left such a favourable impression on our minds, that we not only recommend, but cordially wish every one who is the victim of past folly, or suffer ing from indiscretion, to profit by the advice contained in Its pages." —Age and Argus. The Authors of The Silent Friend,' seem to be thoroughly panyeraant w)th the treatment of a class of complaints which are, we fear, too prevalent in the present day. The perspicuous style in which this book is writien, and the valuable hints it conveys to those who are apprehensive of entering the marriage state, cannot Win? recommend it to a careful peruaal."—Era. The CORDIAL BALM of SYRIACUU is exclusively direred for the cure of nervous and muscular deb ilit y , impuissance; e. p r i ce Ils, a nd 235. per bottle. Sold by all Medicine Vendors, of w h o m may be had 'the " Frlend." The Five round Cases may be had as usual. pERRY'S PURIFYING SPECIFIC PILLS are thp angst effeetua cure for syphilis and secondary symptoms in both sexes, price 2s. 9d. 4.6 d. , and I is. per box. -.nation fee, if by letter, 1/. A minute detail of cases is ne, • perry are in daily attendance, for Consultation, at ---.Atreet t, Oxford-street, London, from - on Sundays from Tea till C0n.... cessary. Messn.. _ their residence, 19, Bern... Eleven till Two, and Five till Eight, Twelve, One persona Tiait only is necessary to effect iSi. 16,341_ ""7 „ ,z ‘-(, (- 0 1111140- ,- 7,,- h. I (Fi . 1::-: LONDON, I'UESDAY Y SUN, . - • • • . t • . • e • - _ _ •-•"; • I - _ • _ „ -. 4 • _ _ ' , 4l• 1.. ) '•••11,. , :( 4- : e .44.1:. 4, 2 , • A t.*-.4 ' I f ' . `' ' \• • •.;'• 4 7 .. j• ) i A .• • • AW!'stf , n-: r , • • c , 17. 1 . i ••E - • `a, "Pt; - s- - 404 DECEMBER 31, 1844. PRIOR 54 PUBLICATIONS. LIVERPOOL RAILWAYS. RAILWAY REGIS rEit and RECORD li of ENGINEERING for JANUARY, edited by HYDE CLARKE, Esq., price Half.a.Crown, contains :—The Liverpool and Orrnskirk Railway, with a coloured M ip—Kollmann's Railway, with a Plate—Railway Experiments, with Five Engraviugs— Mining in Mexico, by John Phillips, Esq.—Cornish Mining, with Three Engravings, by J. Y. Watson, Esq.—Official List of Rail. ways which have lodged their plans—The Meetings of the Month— Official Railway Time Bills. Neale, 59, High Holborn ; Thomas, Finch-lane ; Grappel, Liverpool; Messrs. Thomson, Manchester ; Bielby, Birmingham; Niven, jun , Glasgow; Mts. Strong, Bristol; Holden, Exeter; Andrews, Durham; and all Booksellers. Just published, the Fourth the JANUARY Number, of T" TIME of the END PROPHEEIC WIT NESS; recognising the Israelitlsh Origin of the English Race. and discussing their Duty and Right with regard to the Land 01 Israel. Nos. 1,2, and 3 may also now be had, 21. each ; post paid, 3d. t Also, . • WILSON on our ISRAELITISH ORIGIN, &c. Wart' and Co., Paternoster-row. MASONIC ANNUAL. Just published, price 3s. irHE FREEMASON'S QUARTERLY RE VIEW for JANUARY completes the MASONIC ANNUAL for 1844, and contains—Strictures on the Proceedings in Grand Lodge—Masonic Differences In Ireland—lnteresting Papers, by tin Rev. Drs. Oliver. and Slade—Addresses by Earl Mexhorough and other Noblemen—Original Papers—Testimonial to Charles Lee, Esq.—Masonic Intelligence from_ India and America—Chit-Chat— Obhuary, &c. &c. Sherwood and Co., 23, Pat roster-row. T HE DUBLIN UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE for JANUARY, price 2s. 6d., contains Tales of the Trains. By Tilbury Tramp, Queen's Messenger. No. 1. The White Lace Bonnet.—The Leading State Trials in Ire land.—Of the Nightmare.—The Claims of Labour.—Sketches froth the Antique. Fourth and concluding Series. By ]Sri. James .Gray.— _Robert Burns. first Artiele.—The Nevilles of Garretstown ; TVe of 1760. Chapter XXII. Repentance. Chapter XXIII. A Petit Saireer,.and.De Montague's Apology.—Anth,.logio Germanica Miscellaneous Poems.-The Lady Emmellne'sDretnnrAVNlcotne to Autumn. By T. J. Ouseley.—The Crescent and the Cross. Dublin : William Curry, jtm., and Co.; W. S. Orr,and Co., London and all Booksellers. AVM PEOPLE'S FAMILY BIBLE : Splendid Type and Splendid Engravings—Forming the handsomest, most richly-embellished, i►nd cheapest Family Bible, ever issued. Two Plates and Two Sheets of Letterpress, - super royal quarto size, I'm One Shilling. Fisher, Son, and Co., the Caxton Press, Angel-street, Newgatc. street, Loedon. PAPER OR GOLD FOR A CUR RENCY? The advocates of the present monetary system as sert that gold is the standard of value, and that dui.- •fig the French war the paper currency of that period vas depreciated, because a guinea was worth in the uarket as bullion five shillings more than its nominal value, and therefore concluded that one-pound bank notes were depreciated in the ratio of that difference. foe difference arose from its worth as bullion at the :narket price arising from a deficient supply, and a ieweller of my acquaintance melted several hundreds of guineas in one week to supply his manufactory. Sovereigns now are the legal currency instead of the me-pound notes of the Bank of England. Is a sovereign depreciated in value as paper would be sonsidered, when *heat or any other commodity rises. In value from a' deficient supply ? If a sovereign purchases three bushels of wheat this week, and next week its cost is 24s -is the sovereign depreciated 20 ger cent. ? If gold bullion rose in the market at the ,ame time 20 per cent., the sovereigns would be con verted into bullion, as the guineas were during the French war; but in that case, to pass them as sove reigns, would you say they were depreciated 20 per cent. Depreciation in bank notes can only refer s•enerally in the purchase of all marketable commo dities, like assignats in France, and yak* realea in Spain ; and this delusion of depreciation of bank notes, compared with the variable price of bullion, was the blind guide in passing the mischievous Restriction Act in 1819, and the present despotic system. The following extracts from past experience places he question in a clear light; yet the writer of it concluded that bank . ...a As s ..vere depreciated by the rise of the price of gold above the Mint price ; whether correctly, will be seen.* "At. the end of 1813, the amount of Bank of En land_potes in circe.l4,tion was 23,844,0501., the price t gold was 51. 10a, .per ounce, and the depreciation ofi auk paper 29/. ` , li. ld. per :ent. At the en 1 of Ifl4, the bank issues were in creased to 28,232,73 W and the pried' of gold had iallen to 41. 6s. 61. pevosance ; so that*. notes were lepreciated only to the'extent of 9/. 19`s. sd. per cent. Luis statement, drawn from documentg furnished by the Bank Directors :to Parliament makes it even doubtful whether any contraction whatever of their issues was nee'essary, in order to restore Bank Of England notes to their • par value. The rise in value which they actually experienced, amounting to 191. 4s. Bd. per cent., or nearly two thirds of-their depreciation, was occasioned in the face sif an increased is-u of more tlfati 18 'per cent., by 'the great quantity OE - gold poured into the netintry at .he re opening of our commerce." And to-this is added-" The Bankßestriction - Act was for some time so little needed fur the sepurity of that corpora tion, -that its notes, during the'first three years of the System, were fully Tr a par with gold, and sometimes even,bore a small premium:'" If dila does not prove that gold, like all other commodities, rises and -tails in value according to the supply and.:{femand in the market, and not itit the amount in the-issue of Bank of England rilt6s; I know no evidence that will show it. The irriter's mind must have been darkened by previotis hasty' but fashionable conclusions, which banished the evidence of facts, and dispassionate examination; wlten• lie avrote-" This s tatement, drawn from documents . furniertsal by the . Bank Directors to Parliament, makes it even doubtful whether any contraction whatever of. their. issues %Vas t eecessary, in order.to re4toreißank of England notes to their par value." - The facts - before him were, the. increase of the issue df Rank 'of England notes, amounting to 5,388,6801., did not, raise the price of gold; but it fell/r0t ... 1h 5/.lQ.ger' ounce to '4/. ' 6s. - 6d., aimply from - 4 . 10.4' greitel iv ( sui)pli . in the market,. i.• s which reduced -- iti valtSs). all other - :rftarketable I - - • - .•• ... commodities • •• ' •4. , . - ese .• . • • '-i - - i In the report deliyere(l:ty she Committee of the !louse of Commons, appiguted, tin the year •1810:to inquire into .ti 6 •cautileaeitt,the .high price Of bill:, 'llion, and its effects on -the '-eireulating mediuinLg.;he _Governor and.Deprity-GoVerfior of the Bank ceßryt hand, and others,. " Men whop' from th73l. 4 9llitsq and commerci a l , standing; have had4onitelable experience in regard to thaWkking of financialtpe"; rations, both poricarred.flii that occasion in the opinion 'that the amount of notes, issued. bftlie. Bank could, not in any way operate upon „the price of bullion or the state of foreign exchanges, and stated to the Com alittee that there can be no possible excess of the issue of Bank of England paper, so long as the advances in which it iN issued are made upon the principle which at present guides the conduct of the I);reetorg; that is-so long as the discount of mercantile bills is con fined to paper of undoubted solidity, arising out of real commercial transactions, and payable at short and fixed periods." The price of bullion, and the amount of notes issued by the Bank of England, compared with the price of wheat at several periods, proves the correctness of those opinions as practical men of business-namely, that bullion did not rise with the increase of issue of hank notes, but from the demand of bullion in the market to purchase wheat abroad in years of scarcity, when it could not be paid for in manufactured goods, in consequence of the continental ports being closed against their introduction. The document herewith appended shows that the amount of bank notes issued August, 1792, was 11,006,969/. ; the market price of bullion was 3/. 17s. 6d. per ounce, and the average price of wheat was 395. 2d. per quarter. In 1797, the price of bullion was 3/. 17s. 10i-d. per ounce, the amout of bank notes in circulation was 10,568,216/., and the average price of wheat 495. Bd. ; so that bullion then rose in price when the issue of bank notes was less than in 1792, vet wheat was higher in price 10s. 6 , 1. per quarter. In 1799, the issue of bank notes was increased to 13,259,873/.; bullion was 3/. 17s. 9d. per ounce, being lower than in 1797, when the issue of bank notes was 10,568,2161. ; but the average price of wheat was 645. 4d. The next years, 1800 and 1801, wheat averaged 1345. sd. and 1295. Bd. per quarter, bullion rose to 4/. ss. and 41. 6s. per ounce, the amount of bank notes issued was 14,735,378/. and 14,970,321!.; yet the two following years, 1802 and 1803, bullion fell in price to 4/. 3s. 6d. and 4/. per ounce, but the issue of Bank of England notes was increased to 16,887,113/. and 17,035,959/. and the price of wheat was 675. sd. per qUarter. In 1807 the issue of bank notes was increased to 20,034,112/., yet the price of bullion, 4/. per ounce, was the same as in 1803 ; but the average price of wheat per quarter was 89s. In 1809, the issue of bank notes was reduced to 19,357,2411., yet the bullion rose in price to 4/. 1 Is. per ounce, and wheat was 88s. ld. per quarter. In 1810, the issue of bank notes was increased to 24,446,175/., bullion fell in price to 4/. is. per ounce, but wheat averaged 113 s. 4 , 1. per quarter. In 1812, the issue of hank notes was 23,482,9101., wheat ave raged 140 s. 9i. per quarter, and bullion rose to Si. ss. per ounce. In 1813, the average price of wheat was 116 s. 3d. per quarter, the issue of bank notes was 24,024,8691., and bullion rose in price to Si. 10s per ounce ! In 1814, the price of bullion fell to 4/. 1 ls. per ounce, wheat averaged 675. 9d. per quarter, yet the issue of bank notes was increased to 28,979,876/. In 1817, the issue of bank-notes was 30,099,908/., bul lion fell to 4/. Os. 6d. per ounce, and wheat averaged 945. per quarter. If bullion were governed in price by the amount of hank notes in circula tion, it would have sold at the highest price in this year, yet it was lower by four shillings and sixpence an ounce than in 1800, when the issue of bank notes was 14,735,3781., that is, less than half the amount! This evidence clearly shows that the opinions of the Governor and Deputy-Governor of the Bank of Eng land in 1810, with other gentlemen of high station and commercial standing, were correct in regard to the working of financial operations, namely, that there can be no possible excess of the issue of Bank of Eng land paper, and, I will add, the notes of other bankers, if adequate security be given for the payment of such notes, "so long as the discount for mercantile bills is confined to paper of undoubted solidity, arising out of real commercial transactions, and payable at short and fixed periods." The steady working of a paper currency in Scot land, and the occasional derangement of commerce in this part of the kingdom, partly the mischievous effects of deviating from it, ought to be the future guide, if lessons of experience and the stability of truth be more respected than the delusions of fashion able fancies to legislate. There has not been a case of depreciation of the currency in one-pound notes issued by the Banks of Scotland and Ireland before or since the passing of the Bank Restriction Act of 1819; but the so-called " invariable standard" cur rency was depreciated from two to three per cent. last year, and in many cases must be so now, and will be, whenever the scales are used to ascertain their variable value, arising from the temptations of trade to " sweat the sovereigns," their loss by wear, and the variation in the price of bullion. In a prosperous community, generally, there must ever he a great consumption of gold in manufactured articles, and a small consumption in a community of po verty and distress ; in the former case, fluctuations in * See " Banking."—Penny Cyclopadia. ' prices must attend the demand for luxuries arising from general opulence ; but in the latter case it will be nearly stationary, in consequence of food and clothing only being sought to support life and provide com forts—the comparative baubles of superfluous wants are then disregarded, and the small variation in the price of gold during the past iron ages of ignorance and poverty of the many prove it. But whenever gold bullion shall rise a few per centages above the usual price, and shall continue so from causes over which human efforts have no control, the pre sent system of currency will cease. Experience will then show that a paper currency can be safely and most beneficially carried on for the general wel fare, under guarantees of local property, in every district, arising from confidence in the known security given. No panics can then ensue, and the interest of bankers will induce them to supply each neighbourhood with the necessary paper cur rency the general welfare requires ' • but so long as commerce is affected by a currency dependent on the uncertain supply of bullion, and chiefly confined to the profit of one establishment, a feverish instability must be occasionally looked for. These observations vindicate the opinions given by gentlemen of the first rank of commercial and finan cial knowledge in the City of London in the year 1810 ; and also make manifest the sound advice the late Sir Robert Peel gave to his son previous to the passing of the Bank Restriction Act in 1819, namely, to leave the currency as he found it ; but to compel all bankers to give security for the amount of notes they issue. The present lion. Baronet probably re jected this advice from college impressions—that money consists only in gold and silver coins. The truth, however, is, all commodities are money at the market prieec;nd gold and silver coins and one-pound or other nodes on demand are the iarl' , l2haer.4;',3 used to exchange them. This error has misled rasmitaieat'sd minds. Hence one-pound or larger notes are parts of the guaranteed money property possessed by the issuer of them in land, houses, gold, silver, tin, iron, and all his other effects, and exchangeable for silver and gold coins, bullion, &c., which society requires as the instruments of exchange. Hence a one-pound note Purchases the same Market able commodities that a sovereign of full weight can purchase, during the existence of sovereigns as a cur rency—namely, until the price of bullion rises above the Mint price so as to yield a profit to the trader to convert them into bullion. But wheneVer bullion falls below the Mint price, the one-pound note will pur chase more bullion than the sovereign, andin the ratio of that depression. . Hence a paper currency is inratiable in its nominal value ; but a sovereign is -variable in its nominal value according to the demand 'and supply of bullion in the market; the loss by wear, and by " sweating them," as practised „by the lbw trader, and already noticed. Having not canclUded the question of currency as it appears to Shall feel obliged by any gentle man concisely": pointing out an error, addressed to the editor of the Worcester Herald. All we need is the guidance of truth for security and repose ; and how ever unwelcome it may be to those who are plumed with the pride and conceit of selfsiufficiency; its majestic, unchangeable course, will inevitably sweep away the vanity and delusions which obscure it. R. • . e t Years.- Bank of England Notes in Circulation in Aucrust. = I Market Price of Gold in August, l per ounce. 1792 1 1793, , 1794' 1795: kr° 11,095,9691 t 10,838,414 19,628 - 2'2, 0 -- 11,45g;382 9,531;335 - " - 10,568,1216 Average Price of Wheat, per Quarter. .£ a. d. . 3 _;l7. 6 3 17. 6 4.) 3 4 17 6 3 4 17 6 — 3 — l7 6 * l 3 .er) 17 10. :3; 17 10. -a 17 9 ' 4 - 5 0 :4 ' 6 0 v. 41 3 6 0 0 .4 0 0 4 0 0 -4 0 0 - ' 4 0 0.• 4 0 Q. • 4. 11 0 4 5 0 4 17 6 5 5 0 3 1(1 0 4 11 0 4 10 0 3 19 0 4 0 6 4 1 6 3 15 0 3 17 10 3 17 10 3 17 6 3 17 6 3 17 6 3 17 10} 3 17 6 3 17 6 3 17 6 3 17 9 3 17 10. 3 17 10 3 17 9 3 17 10i s. d. 39 2 51 .3 • 51 8 77 2 81.,, 5 49 8 50 4 64 4 134 5 IP 8 :'67 5 /60 4 52 1 89 0 81 10 73 5 81 1 88 1 - 113 4 88 I 1 140 9 116 3 07 63 8 76 2 94 0 83 8 72 3 65 10 54 5 43 3 51 9 62 0 66 6 56 11 56 9 60 5 66 3 64 3 66 0 58 8 52 11 14,191,025 id 13,259,873 , 14,735,378 „ 14,970,321 ' .16,887,113 . 17,Q45,9 . 17,323:994 • . ' 16,26,118. 19,072,891 f 20,034,1*2 6 • 17,365,'266 19,357,241 24,446,17.5 23,793,115 23,482,910 24,0.14,5c4 28,979,876 27,024,049 27,075,854 30,099,908 26,602,837 25,335,430 24,453,380 20,327,740 17,464,780 19,231,230 20,293,320 19,290,560 21,388,010 22,007,060 21,357,490 19,523,410 21,082,310 18,465,310 17,689,500 18,483,250 SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. TATTERSALL'S-YESTERDAY. In the course of a very dull afternoon the only bets worth recording were :-1,100 to 100 and 300 to 25 agst Alarm ; 800 to 50 agst Idas ; 500 to 25 and 1,000 to 55 agst Pam ; 1,900 to 100 agst Cobweb colt ; 650 to 25 agst Newsmonger ; 800 to 20 agst Fitzallen ; 1,200 to 20 agst Collier ; 1,000 to 200 agst Alarm, Idas, and Pam ; and 1,000 to 200 agst Alarm, Pam, and Kedger. The prices returned are made up to the closing of the MOM : CHESTER CUP. 35 to 1 agst Winesour—taken 40 to 1 agst Mr. Hesseltine's Fitzallen—taken 50 to 1 agst Valerian—taken 50 to 1 agst Foig-a-ballagh—taken 50 to 1 agst The Bashaw—taken 50 to 1 agst Maccabeus (the Gladiatorcolt)—taken. The nominations, which close to-morrow, are expected to exceed 100. DERBY. 12 to 1 agst )tr. Greyille's Alarm—taken 16 to 1 agst Lord Stradbroke's Idas—taken 18 to I agst Colonel Anson's Kedger 18 to 1 agst Col. Peel's Cobweb colt 18 to 1 agst Lord Chesterfield's Pam 25 to 1 agst Mr. Jaques's Anti-Repealer 26 to 1 agst Lord Chesterfield's Newsmonger 30 to 1 agst Mr. A. Johnstone's Rebecca colt 33 to 1 agst Mr. Gully's Weatherbit 33 to 1 agst Mr. St. Paul's colt out of Calypso's dam 35 to 1 agst Mr. Stanley's Minikin colt 35 to 1 agst Mr. Mostyn's Pantasa 35 to 1 agst Duke of Richmond's Laird o'Cockpen —take 40 to 1 50 to 1 agst Mr. Lintott's Cabin Boy—taken 60 to 1 agst Mr. Merry's Collier—taken 1000 to 200 agst Alarm, Idas, and Pam—taken. OARS. 7 to 2 agst Kent's lot—taken 8 to 1 agst Mr. Worthington's Lancashire Witch—t 12 to 1 agst Duke of Richmond's Refraction—taken 25 to 1 agst Mr. Bowes's Heather Bell —taken. INIQUITOUS INJUSTICE OP THE INCOME•TAX.—FOT example :-3001. per annum arising from capital invested in the Three per Cents., is at the present moment worth 10,000/. The income of a clerk is unsaleable ; it depends upon personal services, for which he may be incapaci tated at any moment ; and if he die, his family are beggars. Yet the clerk is called upon to contribute the same amount to the revenue as a rich man with 10,000/ in the funds ! A system of fiscal policy mere cruelly unjust it would be difficult to conceive, one in which the injsstice is more clear and self-apparent ; but the majority of the House of Commons, when the tax was thus unequally imposed, shut their eyes to its iniquity ; and they will do so again, if the public let them. The principle is the same, if we compare the case of a tradesman with an income of 1,0001. derived from the profits of his business and a nobleman of 1,0001. per annum derived from landed estates. The value of the latter at only twenty-five years' purchase is 25,000/.; the good-will ut a business, dependent upon the innumerable accidents of trade, will rarely sell for more than five years' purchase. The relative position, therefore, of the tradesman and the nobleman, in the case supposed, is as one to live, and the operation of the present income-tax is as five to one in favour of the nobleman. At the end of three years, each will have paid 901. to the revenue— the one out of a property worth 5,0001. at the time the tax was imposed, the other out of a property wui'th 25,0001. at the same period.—iVestniinster Pevie4 , . CuituEsuoy QuEsmar.—On Saturday last, at a county meeting, held at Aberdeen—Mr. Grant of Tilly-four in the chair—resolutions, strongly condemna tory of any interference with the monetary system of Scotland, were proposed, seconded, and 11114n1MqusiY adopted, and (10piPS of them ordered to be transmitted to Lord Aberdeen, the Duke of Richmond, Lord Errol, and other Peers connected with the county.—Scotsmax. THE SIEGE OF MONTE VIDEO. (From a Brazilian Paper.) MONTE VIDEO, Ocr. 4.—We have a saying in this country which comes to us from the Spaniards—via", that on the 29th of September (San Miguel's-dap, anda o Diabo sotto (the Devil runs loose). Oribe may say that on last San Miguel's-day many devils, instead of one, were let loose. Few days have been so disastrous to him since the commencement of the siege. I have already informed you of the surprise sus tained on the 9th ult. by the left of the besiegers. On the 29th the scene was repeated on the right, but with much greeter advantage to the fortress, and with as little sacrifice as before. The besieging party had kept a strong picket stationed on the brow of a hill called Joao Fernandes, situated on the other side of the Miguelete, not far from the coast of Bahia, and about a league from the fortress. Besides this prin cipal picket there were several others, covering the vaet line intervening between the Cerro and the posts adjacent to the Cerrito. At ten on the morning of Sept. 29, the 3d battalion embarked, with the inten tion of proceeding to the garrison of the Cerro; but no sooner had it reached its destination, than 180 men belonging to the corps of dragoons posted at the Aguada galloped across the plain, and passed the Miguelete. Turning suddenly to the right, they cut off the besieging line at Joao Fernandes, surprised the pickets, who fled in dis order, killed about 70 men, fired the encamp ment, took 4 caravans laden with provisions, 12 mules, 60 horses, and about 40 heads of cattle. The besieging party were so completely taken by surprise that they could offer no resistance. The loss on the part of the dragoons was only one man, who was drowned in crossing the Pant anoso . Whilst the dra ;eerie were engaged in thie.gallant operation, the 3d battalion disembarked on the neighbouring .eoast, and immediately marched to the assistance of the dra goons, in the event of the latter being forced from the Cerrito. A small party of Oribe's cavalry appeared in sight, but they maintained themselves formed, and kept at a considerable distance, when they beheld the conquerors quietly marching in the direction of the Cerro, taking with them cattle, horses, mules, and waggons, and prisoners, whilst from the hill there arose dense masses of smoke from the burning en campment. As it was Sunday, and a very bright day, and as the scene took . place on very elevated ground, the whole population of Monte Video had assembled on the heights, and some thousands of tele scopes were, directed on the Miguelete, among the rest was my own, which, thanks' to Dollond, showed me every object as distinctly as' now see the lines on this.papar. •It would appear 'that Oribe thought the operation of the dragoons was merely a feint, in tended tp cover some other movement in . the centre, for instead of hurrying to assist the right, he des patched 'four battalions to• the. centre, and prepared them as it were to receive an attack. ' In the fortress a signal aii+as given for all to 1)0 - at their posts, but nothing particular took•place. • • ••) On the following day the troops embarked, with the cavalry and the cattle, andetbds the success of this bold enterprise was complete.. The published accounts exaggerate the number of the killed and the amount of the booty captured - ; but the statements above given may be depended - on. r But this was not the only disaster wrought by the Diabo solto on the 29th, as may be seen from the following facts, which being collected from an au thentic source, their accuracy may be relied on. Oribe, who had felt uneasy about the trade of the Buceo since the events of last August, fitted out for its protection a small armed vessel called a hiate ; and on the ground of his pretended legal' presidency the .-vessel hoisted the Argentine flag. , Early on the morn ing of the 29d), and scarcely 48 hours after the hiate had commenced .her cruise, she gave chase to some fishing boats. ' Two of the: Wats. Were taken, and a third ran for-protection under the lee of the American barque Roaalva, whose - master, Mr. Burrows, was 'on board at4lae- time: The barque happened to be lying at anchor nea p the - United States frigate Congress. .The hiate commenced firing into the hoselva, and the latter immediately hoisted her flag. Mr. Burrows, who was sleeping' ,in his berth when -'the firing commencedl, 'rose • and came upon deck. 'Presuming from her flag - that the hiate belonged to lithe fortress, he requested her to desist firing ; but the Aggressor demanded that the fishing-boat and her crew shoUld be given up, alleging that they belonged to the besieging forces. Burrows replied, that he would rather die than deliver them up. Meanwhile the firing continued, until at length the boats of the Congrese oame up and captured the hiate. On search ing her, it was ascertained that she had no orders on board, and that her commander had no commission or warrant. Being questioned respecting the Argentine flag, he replied that it was the flag of the legal Pre sident, Oribe. he commander of the Congress, Cap tain Worbees, finding that the hiate was without or ders, and that her commander held no commission, and that the vessel was sailing under false colours, there being no other Argentine flag than that belong ing to the Argentine Republic recognised by foreign Powers ; finding that the said vessel bearing false colours had fired on the American flag, captured the hiate as a pirate, took down her colours, and hoisted the Union flag in their stead, and detained the crew prisoners on board the Congress. It was soon ascertained that the two fishing-boats and their crews, captured by the hiate, had been consigned to Rosas's corvette the Vinte e Cineo de Maio, to which the hiate had made signals for that purpose. Captain Worbees sent a message to the corvette, but the captain declared that he had nothing to do with the command of the hiate, but admitted having maintained friendly communications with it. Captain Worbees then intimated to the commander of the corvette that, by detaining as prisoners men captured by a pirate, he rendered himself an accom plice of the piracy ; wherefore, and in consideration that he contended the piracy was not the act of the forces under the authority of Rosas, he would only make them strike their flags as a mark of correctional police. The American commander put on board two of the vessels of Roses seven American sailors, and a number of the fishing-boats' crews (not less than twenty, it appears), who were detained there at the time, he restored to liberty. After some hours the Roses's ships were informed that they might hoist their ,colours; but their commanding officer replied that he would not allow the colours to be hoisted, And that they would all remain prisoners until satisfaction was obtained for the insult, and until fresh orders were received from Roses. In the evening the vessels thus detained entered the port, where they remained under the American flag. During three days the blockaders remained with out showing colours, and without moving from their anchoring ground. Some of the commanders of the neutral stations, and among the rest the Imperial (Brazilian), desired the blockading commander to ex plain himself as to the singular position in which he appeared. He replied, that after the insult he had received, he would not again hoist his flag, unless satisfaction was given, or he received new orders ; and that, in the mean time, it was evident he could not carry on the blockatle. It appears, that on the following day (the Ist or 2d inst.) the said com manders decided that the blockade had ceased by the act of the blockaders themselves, and that it could not be resumed without a fresh and formal declaration of its existence. We are, therefore, now w ith ou t any blockade of fact or right. Yet, I know not for what reason, nothing is published officially on the subject. The whole of this affair appears indecorous and ridiculous; for on the morning of the Ist inst. the brigantine Echagne came in sight, and was known to have on board the new commander of the squadron, Don Antonio Foil. As none of his vessels had a flag out, a gun was fired, to make them show their colours, and afterwards a second gun. No notice was taken, and they soon began to make off. The small vessel called the Vinte e Cineo de Maio then put off, and proceeded to the bay, where she anchored, and remained all day. Next morning she moored beside the other blockading vessels, which at eight o'clock hoisted their colours, notwithstanding that they had received no satisfaction, nor any new orders from Rosas. On the sime day—namely, the Ist, the American commander received a note from the blockading corn moaors, complaining of the insult he had received, and proposing, as a measure of accommodation, that he would hoist his colours, if the American would agree to salute him with 21 guns. I know nit what answer was returned ; but this I imow, !that the colours were hoisted, and that nobody saluted them To-day the American commander has also received two complaints from the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Oribe. I have seen nothing of them, but it is Ilaid they are couched in uncivil and violent langue,ge, ‘ and in an assumed style of legal autliority. I have pot heard what reply has beep_ returpea, • here you have, then, the events of the 29th ult., and its consequences to this day. We shall soon hear what Item will think fit to say, and see how he will resume this blockade. The National sap, that ola Vat instant Senhor M ) ~~-~~ Grenfell intimated to the blockaders that he did nbi recognise the blockade. He has, however, stated in a letter that this is not correct, and requested that his contradiction should be published. It appears, in fact, that up to that time nothing had occurred beyond what is here related. The events of the 29th have had other consequences not less curious. Of the cattle captured that day, part was sent to the hospitals, and part sold by public auction. The sale took place on the Ist., on the lines. One man bid 150 patacoones for a mulch cow; but some were sold for 132. One individual got 26 bullocks for 70 patacoones each. This sale proves that there are yet resources in Monte Video, since 70 patacoones are paid down at sight for a bullock. Oribe will not be very well pleased to find that the bullocks brought so much money to the besieged army. There is nothing farther at present of novelty. A strong south-easter keeps us without news. I shall be curious to learn what Rosas means to do. Meanwhile these events give room for serious re flection, and clearly show the consequences of a system in which there is neither law nor rule of conduct except the irresponsible will of him who commalids. Rosas and Oribe believe that foreign Powers must submit to the absurd pretences of legality put forward for armed vessels under the command of persons of no rank or title. The impression produced here by the arbitrary and intolerable conduct of the blockaders is very painful, especially among foreigners who are witnesses of the facts. I hear that Oribe intends to arm a squadron. I doubt his having means to do so, but it should be seriously thought of. He who fits out armed vessels ought to be fully able to be responsible for their acts and aggressions. But what responsibility can be at tributed to Oribe, the chief of an army to-day at Monte Video, and to-morrow perhaps at some other point distant from our coasts ? Besides, the army belongs no more to him than to Buenos Ayres, an i Rosas will say that he is not answerable for what may be done by the vessels of Oribe, as has already been said with respect to the hiate taken on the 29th. How, then, can Oribe's pretentions 4.1 having a navy be recognised ? He has it not, and therefore cannot possess the necessary responsibility. A letter from Monte Video, dated the 10th instant, received by way of Santa Catharina, has been com municated to us, which states that " the Government has bought a Sardinian ship, which it is arming, and is also getting ready one of the vessels taken in Buceo, to attack the Buenos Ayrean squadron. Cari balda is to have the command." DEATH OF SOLOMON HEINE. lIAMBURGH, DEC. 24.—Our water communications Mug closed by frost, business is at present very dull, and the inhabitants ~f this city are engaged in pre paration for the Christmas festivities. The only. subject of any general interest which at present en gages the attention of the citizens of Hamburgh is the loss of one of their most distinguished fellow townsmen, namely, Mr. Solomon Heine, the wealthy banker. This event, which occurred yesterday after noon, had already been anticipated for some time. Mr. Heine, who was in the 78th year of his age, had long been drooping, and it was apparent to his friends for some time past that he could not hold out many weeks. His death will be severely felt in Hamburgh, not merely•by the mercantile classes in general, who must all have felt benefited in a greater or less degree by the operations into which he entered, and which he had the capital, credit, and energy neces sary to attract to Hamburgh, , but also by the nume rous private individuals who were the objects of his enlarged bounty. It is reported - that Mr. S. Heine leaves property behind him to the extent of one million sterling; and., it is an undoubted 'fact that he could have bequeatha to ,his surviving family a much larger fortune if the sole object of his life had been the ac quisition of 'Wealth. This was unquestionably one legitimate o bject of Mr. Heine's ambition, but it was by no means the only one. He gave away apparently with as much pleasure as he accumulatetwealth; nor were the eta of his bounty"confined= to those dis tant membero3f4Tlt own family who stooa in need of assistance, and i ,tb. the great, „public institutions or charities of his-Xdopted city, for his benevolence ex tended itself to almost every individual with whom he came in contact requiring aid, pnd of whose moral character and merit Mr. Heine _entertained a favour ableopiniou. - ! i~ education . neglected, even to the,mere rudiments ; but he had the natural gifts of a clear head and a strong mind, and he was posseskd of judgment and energy 'which eu abled him to overcome all the disadvantoges attEnding his early years. Having struggled on for many years during the war, first ire •.n, - "bordinate capacity, and subsequently as Danker, he was in A position at its close to participate in all those large loans wlaura wero negotiated by the different continental Governments, and the vastness of his fortune may be dated from that period. Having occupied an important position before the mercantile public for nearly half a century, it may be presumed that this short notice of Mr. Solomon Heine will not be unacceptable. The works of the Lewes and Hastings Railway are advancing very rapidly ; and greater progress has been made in them than, we believe, is generally thought. Although only commenced a few weeks ago, above a mile is completed, and temporary rails laid down, between Brighton and Palmer, and a much greater distance is nearly finished. On going over the works, we were surprised to find deep cuttings and high embankments made where but now the only indica tion of a railway was a flag-staff; At Palmer, where the largest tunnel—half a mile—occurs, the main shaft is nearly bricked ; the bore is being made in both directions front the shaft, and will be met by the opera tions from each extremity—so that four movements are proceeding in the process of disembowelling the earth and letting daylight into it. On the Brighton side, about one hundred yards of tunnelling have been per formed ; and the whole work is expected to be finished by this time next year. As yet everything has pro ceeded smoothly and rapidly, under the direction of the contractor, Mr. Withes, and of the engineer of the line, G. Meredith, Esq. The soil (chalk) is admirably adapted for works of this kind, and not a single accident has occurred.—Brighten Herald. OPENING OF TILE EDINBURGH, GLASGOW, AND AIRDRIE RAILWAY.—This spirited undertaking, which makes a direct communication between the town of Airdrie and the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway at Kirkintilloch, was opened by the Directors, on an experi mental trip, on Wednesday last. The train left Airdrie at half-past twelve o'clock, and arrived at the terminus in Queen-street, Glasgow, exactly at a quarter past one, thus performing the trip in three-quarters of an hour. It is expected that this railway will be a great advantage to the inhabitants of .Airdrie. The Directors of the Railway very handsomely invited the magistrates and council of Airdrie to accompany them on their experi mental trip, and to lunch with them at the Glasgow terminus, The railway was opened to the public on Thursday last.—Glasgow Saturday Post. AN UNFORTUNATE.—WINDSOE,°DEC. 30.—A per son, who stated himself to be the Rev. Dennis M`Gilly cuddy, and representing that he was " an impoverished ecclesiastic," and liable to epilepsy, was give* into the custody of the police, and taken before Mr. T. Clarke, the Mayor, charged with soliciting alms, and thus com mitting an act of vagrancy. It appeared that he had obtained 3s. from the Hon. and Rev. C. L. Courtenay, her Majesty's domestic chaplain, whom he had met in he market-place on Friday, and that he had written for relief to Prince Albert, through the medium of Mr. G. E. Anson, Private Secretary to his Royal Highness.. Amongst a variety of documents which were found upon him was a certificate purporting to be signed by " Brown, M.A., Chaplain of St. Giles's Workhouse," dated January 17, 1844, in which it was set forth that the Rev. Gentleman had " relieved him both in and out of the workhouse;" and also another certificate, purporting to be signed by " Charles H. Carroll, M.A., Curate of Moorgate." A letter, soliciting relief, was also found amongst his papers, addressed to the Rev. Dr. Hawtrey. of Eton College, in which he described himself as " poor destitute Protestant clergyman." The Mayor, after cautioning him not to be seen in the town again offending against the Vagrant Act, ordered th e pollen to escort him beyond the boundaries of the borough, Th e whole of his papers were detained, ANOTHER POLAR EXPEDITION.—It iS contemplated by Government to send out another expedition to the Arctic regions, with the view of discovering the north west passage between the Atlantic and Pacifie • and the Council of the Royal S oc i e ty, having been solicited to give their opinion as to the desirableness of such ati ex pedition, have stated that, independent of thtl great object to be attained, the benefits that would accrue to the sciences of geography and terrestrial magnetism render such an expedition peculiarly desirable. The command of the expedition, we understand, has been of fered to Sir James Rosa t should that officer decline, it will fall upon Sir John Franklin.—Humpshire Tel egrap h . SCARCITV or CohL.—Serious apprehensions are be; inning to be entertained by the poor, in consequence of the short supply of this necessary article , and the high price at which it is obtainable. CoRL are now/ selling at is. lOd. a cwt, We understand that so much. wood was never before burned at Whitstable as during the last few weeks, and it is skid ttat the merchants of liaregate have not a tat each in store. This serious defunency is attribgtahlt to the adverse winds, many of the collien, which have been for months on their voyage, leing unable to get up from the north. Potatoes and, other articles have also risen in price, much to the unhappiness of the poor, whose means prevent the* obtaininr, an abundant supply when they arc at a how price.—Canterbury Journal., The,loss- of such a man to a commercial State like that of Hamburgh is irreparable. It is well known that Mr. Heine was of the Jewishasion, and he remained true to his faith to the hat?* his death ; ti but he was y . no means,bigoted, as his numerous an d splendid twaributions towards the erection or repair of 'bristialfedifices must testify. He was a man of : vary humble,origin and -upon - his ear li es t vist'toMarnburgh from Ihe Placa of his birth (an ob- scure village irrthe kingdom of Hanover), he had to struggle witt difficulties which extended even to his means' tif obtaining the first necessarie s o f lif e . I n later iearsMr: Heine d welt with apparent satisfaction upon the events of that period, and recounted theta himself when surrnandefi with every luxury which a man could desire.- His education had been entirely nnrriilnforl clx,an fr. Ole. Arrtehlor, A.- I.__. 1 E% -~C ..; i THE SUN is Published EVERY MORNING al FIVE O'CLOCK, in Time for the EARLY TRAINS a nd TOWN DELIVERY; a SECOND EDITION (Evening Sun) is Published in Time for the ;AFTERNOON TRAINS and a THIRD EDITION at SEVEN O'CLOCK, for POST, containing PARLIAMENTARY and all other NEWS in LONDON up so that Bola, I 1.4* • •••••-,---- • - _,IDVERTISEMENTB INSERTED in ALL THE THREE PAPERS, Morning Noon, and Night, thereby insuring a TOWN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION, at ONE CHARGE. 8 'a