The Sun. — London, England, 1844-11-23 00:00:00

BRIGHTON and CHICHESTER RAILWAY COMPANY. TO CONTRAC TORS. T he Directors o f this Railway will receive TENDERS for the lIKEICUTION of the WORKS necessary for the completion of the whole of th e R a i lway from Shoreham to Chichester, being a distance of about twenty-two miles and one half, to be tendered for 14 TWO separate CONTRACTS, including the whole of the earth Works, one large bridge across the River Adur, at Shoreham, a drawbridge across the Ri ver A run , near Littl e h a mpton, all the ewr bridge s upon the line of railway, the whole of the permanent ah y, and a ll other works, of every description whatsoever, so as to : ende r t h e Railway complete In all its parts, except the station ,tuildines, gate-keepers' houses, and other houses of that descrip "°, which will hereafter be let in a separate contract. The plans, C 'ecti cms. drawings, specifications, and the draft of the contract, will leadY for inspection at the Chambers of John U. Rastrick, Esq., . 454, Charing.cross East, on and after the 2d day of December, Where printed forms of tenders may be had, and no others will be attend ed to. 1 The D ireetors will meet at th e i r Office, In Dean-street, Tooley .44*. on Tu es d ay, the 17th day of December next, at Half-past ovelve clock at noon, to receive the tenders, previous to which 7sas the tenders must be delivered there, and the parties tendering, wPariles duly authorised, must be in attendance at the time of iataparties whose tend ers are acce pt e d w ill b e req ui r ed to enter Le a bond, with two securities, for the slue performance of their '4 t h e tauter, and the nav ies o f t h e propose d sure ti es are t o b e s p ec ified The Directors will not bind themselves to accept the lowest tender. , order of the Board, ' FRED. OTLEY, Sec. " 4 'llaton and Chichester Railway-office, 4, Dean-street, Tooley_street, London, Nov. 11, 1844. NOTICE is hereby given, that APPLICATION sp,,, is intended to be made to PARLIAMENT in the NEXT 4 0N, for an ACT or ACTS to alter, amend, extend, and en- L. 4 te Mint of the powers and provisions of the several Acts follow.. 4, th a t i s to Act passed in the sth and 6th years of the Act44o Of h say is late M , an William the Fourth, intituled, " An /tine orales"' King making a Railway from Bristol, to join the London and f , es T e "gnaln Railway near London, to be called the Great fol r ° Railway," w i t h b ranc h es th ere f rom t o th e t owns o f Brad ind and Tr ow b ridge, in the County of Wilts ; another Act passed ltat th e o v _ n year of the sa me re i g n, intituled, " An Act to alter the hu " the Great Western Railway, and to amend the Aot re , it thereto ;ft another Act passed in the first year of the theef her • • • tituled, "An Act to ajes Queen Victoria, in the Je line of the Great Western Railway, and to amend Acts relating thereto ;" another Act passed in the first year of the sarce reign, intituled, " An Act to enable the Great 4, tern Railway Company to extend the Line of such Railway „ co w other purposes relating thereto;" another Act passed in the A .." Year cf the same reign, intituled, " An Act to amend the se - Z e r c l ating to the Great Western Railway, and to raise a further atone for the purposes of the said undertaking; an Act lh urt t h h , e en si t r it t l h oe y d e 7 of the reign of his late Majesty King William "An'Act fer making a Railway from Chelten den, : I ' d from Gloucester, to join the Great Western, near Swin. ° be called the Cheltenham and Qreat Act Act passed in the first 7 I t he reign o f h er present M a j esty Q ueen Vi ctor i a, i nt i tu l e d te7o% Act to alt er t i e Line of the Cheltenham and Great Western Aet Railnwayeass ei and to amend the Act relating thereto;" another albend ` s 4 the sth year of the same reign, intituled, " An Act to t o i n ,:e Acts relating to the Cheltenham and Great Western ranielpi ; " ail way ;" another Act passed in the 6th year of the Great si ntiutled, " An Act for making a Railway from the in th _ Western Railw a y to th e City o f O x f or d ; an d a n Act passed erne.s! 'eee nth year of the same reign, intituled, "An Act to "'I the - nelte several . Acts relating to the Great Western, the Vey, , fl a nt. and the Great Western Union and Oxford Rail_ areal io e s am n a i tet y h: two last-mentioned Railways with the ;To n w W ;Tearigalwan and to authorise the formation of addi. 1t0 y 7,, "kg at Cheltenham by the Great Western Railway Com. th e r _ And it is proposed by such intended Act or Acts to enable tow r d Western Railway Company to subscribe or contribute rent exo th e establish ment an d ma i ntenance o f , or t o purc h ase an d th „ 1 use, or to comp l ete and ma i nta i n any un d erta ki ngs w h ic h ao4"'hiaY de em advantageous to the interests of the said Company, elere'h may be or may h ave b een sanc ti one d by P ar liam e nt, an d las y into and carry into effect any arrangements which they exi etin smut fit, with the proprietors of such undertakings, or with any a fore4_, g ltailw ay Companies, either with reference to the objects an d reait . or with re f erence to the use or working, or completion there of de nance of any other li ne o f R a il wa y, or th e amalgamation of th _. Or of any part thereof, with the undertaking bo ne ,' Great Western Railway, and to raise such addi aforela'dCapital as m a y b e necessary f or th e purposes aary rer , and generally to obtain all powers which may be neces t°ntre any or all such purposes, and for the management and ef the said Great Western Railwa y and an such other Ladertakinft as aforesaid. , y W. 0. and W. HUNT, 10, Whitehall. ........,ber, 1 844. 14), OSBORNE WARD and Co., Bristol. _ NOTICE is HEREBY GIVEN, that A S l:P sio l n A of CATION is Intended to be "lade In the e e n r su s in u g }T Session elitherllarnent for an ACT, or ACTS, for !Jett •414 WATER the inhabitants of the following parishes, . and extra parochial or other placer , i ands worth • Saint Mary, Putney ; Saint Mar y, • k arY, Barne; ;St aS aoiw a i t n l t: Streath Brixton ; Stockwell; Battersea; Holy Trinity, Clapham; Saint i s n a a i r n d t , 4 A ., atn; Saint Mary, Lam bet h; ' rrno rY. Newi ngton Butts ; Kennington - St. Mary Magdalen, ndsey ; S a i nt John, Bermondsey ; Saint Giles, Camber_ Zalat '4ll; Walworth ; Christchurch ; Sa , Sa int George the Martyr; yOve ryinotraT ie h y o d m ow as n : th e Clinkviour otherwise Liberty ; Saint Saint °lave Ma joh ; ; Sa H ; Saint 4 sin t he county o f S urrey; an d a l s o t he inhabitants L bita n n k t e s , c of h t e h t e_ everal parishes and place s f o ll ow ing— viz. , Saint seal U pper Chelsea ; S a i n t M a ry,botts, Kensington ; A Ileornpton ; K n i ghtsbridge; Saint George, Hanover-square ; *hint J ames, W es t m i nster ; Sa i nt Margar et , Westminster; and Say John th e E vangelist, Westminster ; nd the Privy.gar a s, Whitehall, all in the county of Middle sex Yr oposed by the acid intended Act or Ac ts t a oi Andncorpo it s incorporate I a Company, and to give them all necessary powers proper ague_ to construct 1 kid maintain a reservoir or reservoirs, with a ducts, pipes, conduits, tunnels, works, and conveniences con nected therewith, and to supply the same with water from the River Wandle, in the county of Surrey, from or near to the Vl L ower or Tide Mill Darn, or Mill Head, in the said parish of Saints, Wandsworth, in the occupation . of James Watney, ,' 4 9-, and others, which said water flows directly or derivatively . r ,.. ne ° a certain creek of the said River Wandle, or of the River ~-'l4oes, adjoining or near to the said lower or tide mill-dam, "NI also into the River Thame s ; which said reservoi r or roenseer.: : s . i es v Len. aqueducts, p i pes, conduits, tunnels, works, and c Zilhees are intended to be constructed within the several ell, townships, and extra-parochial or other places of Mary, 11 1..._-''Mlas Wandsworth ; Saint Mary, Battersea; Sa int in 'ai d ! b Saint Leonard, Streatham ; or some of t hem the county yof Surrey ; and Saint Luke, Chelsea, in the .. Z'", Middlesex. And it is also proposed to make and . maintain h ith lri the Parishes of Saint Mary, Battersea, and Saint Luke, theeltea, aforesaid, shafts and a tunnel by the s ide of, and . und er, ~ Aiver Thames for the purpose of conveying the said wa te r ainh l4 lev the said river from the said parish of Saint Mary, Battersea, e said parish of Saint Luke, Chelsea. And also, to a c t o e n am str , uct or " Maintain all proper and necessary filtering b ed s, Othe r ..._ et s ,_ "Vries, bridges, and other works w th i e th r in p the several p . e0,,,,e5, townships, and extra.parochial or o laces aforesaid, or co mplete'''e of them for carry ing the purposes aforesaid into full and e xecu i tion. Ilid Ata n, it is also intended to take powers for cleansing the afore. vateL..iver Wandle and the tributary streams thereof, and the 144 0 r l b into the same and for such purpose to give Ited t° _ th e said Company all necessary powers to make, construct, maintain in and through the several parishes, townships, 1..4 extra -parochial or other places following, viz., Croydon, !teWhhasdeltrwonclocris:qienherraedwtnise Wadden, Beddington, Wallington, Car. , Mordon otherwise . Morden otherwise Moredon Tooti ng G m _ v en, Merton, Wimbledon otherwise Wimbleden, and w and ra el?. Streatham, Garratt .n t o b t e her . .w ai i d se f Surrey wort., or some of them, I , e 0 ti G n a t r y r e t o t eaeellaor ' all necessary and proper sewers, drains, catchponds, is, liinnels, culverts, and sluices, and to alter and divert r emov e mY of the existing drains and sewers, and to take down and there s,alleXistng water-closets and privies flowing or amp y ters the r ,: s e : e es into the said River Wandle or the tributary aely. - `' at 'd to prohibit the making and erection of any w fu a ture `", drain, • • which may flow or empty thee uei . ; water.closets, and privies il d in' oito the same • and also to remove the several fo b rd a s t ''etTlese Places in the parishes, townships, and extra.pa b r r z ge i 8, l'aductre Places lastly named, and to erect and construc t With in 8 ' eMbabkixtents, and other conveniences in . lieu thereof, le so me u 'h parishes townships, and extra-parochial or ot h e r places, And °f them. ' e i n n t t i h r : ttilviro.eur.inaoilurnstoititos, prevent the further washing of sheep, horses, and e s o a n id u ß e. iver Wandle and its tributary streams And also , r0k,,,_. 0n , t o enable the said Company to take and purchase, by As e Z7_ l or otherwise, lands, houses, and property for the pur. All ex o.nreurti.d, or any of them ; and to vary, repeal, xtinguish and Pro _ t l! rights and privileges connected with such l a a r n e ds, houses, With the Pe nY i or which would in any manner Impede or interfe o re_ Them. eMlstrUction and maintenance of the said works or any f And also to enable the said Company to lay down and maintain ta lon l PiPes - such water ogh ' i and conduits for the conveyance o f Per o prtvate lands, and in and along streets, roads, and pu b b i lic t or ' o,, er within the several parishes, townships, and extra.paroc a ;, Places aforesaid, or some of them. toly ' er ll a o i also to alter or divert all such highways or roads within the aforesZatllhos, townships, and extra-parochial or other places ?Purp oses ' ~a s It moo he necessary to alter or divert for effecting the And i t is "y of them. or Acts to also Act tioloinao.irwotherrise Proposed to take powers by the said intended ......on enable the said Company to purchase and take by tom_ so proposetdiactoonbeta:ouretion of the basin belonging to the Surrey Isorth, ei,ridajo'mPanY. lit the said parish of All Saints, Wands. . said Act o r Acts toeremb t a kes basill And notice is h the part or portion of the said of rates or rents for 1 ayuk:rther. given, that it is intended by the provision levying and collecting exemptions from th e eh su PPIY of f aster, and for granting such deemed e paYrnellt of such rates or rents as may be xPedient. And notice is hereby last] •f November instant, 'cluplicyaty peina,nthat n don sections or before f ? h o e 3 . o a t id h i day n. Itolen_ded.oworks, and the lands in or through which the same are pro -4174_1 .b.eoZnade, together with a book of reference thereto, con ke- "e4d lenneeatnes of the ovrners or reputed owners, lessees, or hpautted wi s, and occupiers of such lands, will be de. pr i . a. dish tho Clerk of the Peace for the County of Sur. li t ~.! h's °Mee, ate North Lodge, North-street, Lambeth, r,,,, th e said Count and wills the Clerk of the Peace i j oii i s : County ee 4-47.-zber next, a Copy lSliddlesex at his Office at the Sessions h slu Clerkenwell; and t h at on or before ' the 31st day of of so much of the said plans and sections reponoees.,to each of . the aforesaid parishes, with a book of re. . Clerk, nrereto, ill be deposited with the respective parish 4bode, the said several parishes at their respective places of BIRCH I)4ted 12th day of November 1844. ao4reand BR AlklAH, 8, Great Winchester- Solicitors for et, G A.LSWORTHY, 19, Ely-place, ( the Bill. ALTHE LATE MR. SERGEANT ANDREWS. HEM LATE on reading the report of the e s 1,.._ inquest held on the body of the above learned gentleman, tilAZ,"! . .ted isi the " Times" of the 16th of November must be sa t,i,-‘,ttlat had.he been a Hygeist in practice, that . is, had he ake 1 , 1 , 0 7 to Use of his own accord, whenever he felt pain i n his h ea d, bort' vegetable aperient medicine, the dreadful catastrophe would k a „ have occurred. His fate should be a warning to every great tivat,..,, to understand his own body, and not trust to doctors. We Tlitt. had Sergeant Andrews been a Hygeist, be would not have etl suicide. V4" e d by Morison and Moat, of the British College of Health, to,.4°d, London, for and on behalf of the body of Hygeists, who 11,4".'end that, since all diseases arise trom one cause, namely, an ktdP4ititY sal[ eu'e, wh of the ich being they composed of innocuous 4 4 a ny person without the aid of a doctoringredients, may be. IiARCFOGS AND D AMP AIR. LAY'S ASI nmATic CANDY has, fr o ~ f?r rnany years been proved an effectual Preservative easo r ," s 0 effects of the Fogs and Damp Air, which, in the Winter wi n. , 3 are so prevalent in this Climate. Its effects are to expel to riZge preirrve the Stomach from the admission of Damps, and ; Prep ar c thotia who suffer from Diflicllty of Breathing. p re pared .ed only by Barclay and Sons, 95, Farringdon-street, 4.440, „`.. suld Sold Retail, by their appointment, by Sanger, oxtord..street ; Gitlbrd, 104, and H. Burfield, 180, Strand; 1 itgi,,,,. n % 8, Cornbill ; Hallows, Druggist, 2 High-street, Is_ a ii, 3 lieridebourek, Druggist, Church street, hackney ; and by 01 ) ._ ble Medicine Venders in Town and Country. 3 serve ow --- one can Ore QD th e Stam p attired genuine unless the p atitlced tcieach Box. names of .` Barcl a y and )arreis of bags. at middling the , i e repack's" Madr 3S ' 1 es eq n .here are hipt 2d to- butts 4° ts, w ere Is 495 ~, ,n fif te j I at till ,brY s o 24 SOUTH WALES RAILWAY. In consequence of the applications for Shares in this Rail. way having greatly exceeded the number required, those parties whose applications remain unanswered, are hereby respectfully informed that the List was closed on the 2d November, and that the allotment has been made. By order of the Committee, FREDERICK G. SAUNDERS, 10, Whitehall, Nov. 21, 1844. Assistant Secretary. F. — MPLOYMENT. —Persons having a little time to spare are apprised that Agents continue to be appointed in London, and country towns, by the EAST INDIA TEA COMPANY, or the sale of their celebrated teas. Offices, No. 9, Great St. Helen's-churchyard, Bishopsgate-street. They are packed in showy leaden canisters, from one ounce to a pound, with the price and weight marked on each packet, and but ittle trouble is occasioned by the sale. The license is only I Is. per annum, and many during the last nineteen years have realised con siderable incomes by the agency without one shilling let or loss. Application to be made (if by letter post-paid) as above. ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. The PROTEOSCOPE, a new apparatus for exhibiting OPAQUE OBJECTS it Nature and Art, showing continued novelties. The PHYSIOSCOPE, lIYDRO-ELECTRIC MACHINE, DIVING BELL and DIVER, DISSOLVING VIEWS, &c., &c. ])r. RYAN'S LECTURE daily, and in the Evenings of Monday, Wednesday, and Fridays. Professor BACHHOFFNER'S varied Lectures abound in interesting experiments. Admission, Is.; Schools, Half-price. A New Edition of the CATALOGUE, containing Three Hundred additional Werks of Art, &c., since the last revisal, is just published price Is., LEAGUE MEETING AT ROCHDALE. A meeting of the League was held at Rochdale on Wednesday night, in the New Hall, Baillie-street, preceded by a tea party, which was most numerously and respectably attended. Indeed, so great had been the application for tickets, that it was found necessary at the tea party to divide the company into two rooms—the tables being removed afterwards so as to make room for the whole company in the Hall, to take part in the meeting. The gentlemen invited to be present, and who had accepted invitations to• ad dress the meeting, were--George Wilson, Esq., (Chairman of the Council of the League), Richard Cobden, Esq., Wm. Sharman Crawford, Esq., John Bright, Esq., and John Brown, Esq. (late candidate for the county) ; and, in addition to these gentlemen, we noticed the following influential parties resident in Rochdale ;—Mr. George Ashworth (magistrate), Mr. George Ashworth jun., Mr. James Littlewood, Mr. R. Scholefleld, Mr. John Petrie, Rev. Mr. Thorburn (independent minister), Messrs. Holgate and Roberts (attorneys), Mr. Robert Heape, Mr. Benjamin Heape, Mr. Jacob Bright, Mr. Pagan, Mr. Turner, Mr. Frederick Lane, and Mr. Gibson. GEORGE WILSON, Esq., in taking the chair, ad verted to the progress of the League, and the nume rous fallacies it had lived to argue down. He con cluded his speech by saying—The battle of free trade must be fought on free-trade prhiciples alone, and the man who should strike his opinions on the day of trial, under any pretence, was little batter than a monopolist.—(Loud applause.) They had petitioned, memorialised, and sent deputations in vain to Govern ment for the repeal of this law ; they had now changed their course of action ; they were now deter mined to work out their object through the registra tion courts, and calling upon their friends who could afford it to secure a vote, they would become inde pendent of Ministerial caprice, or the patronage of lofty names ; they were determined to rely upon their own strength, and when the day of contest should come, they would thus be able to measure strength with their antagonists, and obtain for the people of this country the second charter of their liberties— unrestricted commerce.—(Loud c heers.) . Mr. COBDEN, M.P., as followsit protracted cheering. He was pe c k ed Chairman, ladies, and gentlemen—l was saying to my friend Mr. Bright that I never spoke so badly any where as at Rochdale, and I never came here yet that I did not give you a very bad speech, and a very short one ; and I can promise you that I shall do no more to-night, and I can tell you what is the reason. When I have to speak, I like to fancy, at all events, that I have somebody to be convinced, or somebody opposed to me : I always had the impression that at Rochdale your minds were pretty well made up on the subject of the corn-laws, and your kind reception of me to-night convinces me more and more that I have no work to do here.—(Applause). It makes no matter what our errand may be; in going to some place to beg money one has to brace up one's nerves, and get up a face for the occasion ; but when we come to Rochdale to beg money—though I am happy to say we have not come to beg to-night—(Applause)— I am always sure to be told that the money has been all subscribed and collected in Rochdale for days before hand.—(Applause). And now, when our ob ject, as my friend in the chair has said, is to induce as many people in . Rochdale as possible to become free holders, and qualify themselves to vote in this and the neighbouring divisions of counties, I am told that somebody in the room has a book in which there are already down somewhere about 100 names of persons intending to become freeholders, so that our work is done before we begin to talk about it.—(Applause). Our chairman has told you correctly that the labours of the League have hitherto been those of prepara tion ; that is, they have been trying to convince the minds of their fellow-countrymen that free trade is a good thing, and the corn-laws very bad ones. But something more than that must be done before we can convince the House of Commons ; for we have not all our own way there as here; there is plenty of anta gonism there to raise a man's spirit for him.—(Ap plause). He will hear all sorts of voices and sounds, except those pleasant and agreeable ones with which you treat me here. We sometimes receive the treatment you would expect to receive amongst a body of newly-caught New Zealanders.—(Laughter and applause.) Now you cannot change that opinion by any argument ; you may, perhaps, convince some of them, but I never knew any con verts made by argument ; If they are convinced, they still don't change. Only one argument goes down in that House; it is, as Mr. Gisborne once said, a ma • jonty ; no other argument but a majority goes down there.—(Applause.) Now, we want to alter the ma jority in that House ; and that is to be done out of the House, and not in it. It is to be done not merely by converting some of those who make Members of Parliament, but by adding as many as possible to those who are qualified to elect representatives. Hitherto we have been an Anti-Corn-law League, instructing the people, and agitating them about free trade; now, I really think we are going to take my friend Sharman C raw f or d' s b us i ness o ut of his hands, and advocate an extension of the suffrage.— (Applause.) We want to persuade our fellow-coun trymen to buy the property that will qualify them to vote; and I most sincerely wish that every head of a family in this country was worth the money . neces sary to buy that vote. But that is much easier done than many people suppose. Another meridian has dawned upon us within the last few months. We pledged ourselves some time ago to contest the boroughs and try what we could do to ga in them ; but it never occurred to us that we could win counties in this country. And yet with 252 county Members in the House, and not six of them voting for free trade, it has occurred to us that unless we can make 'some change there, we shall not be likely to get a majority in that House.—(Hear, hear.) Now I be lieve the counties may be won in many i nstances, as I have before said, much easier than the little pocket boroughs. There has been a great misapprehension, both as to the nature of the county representation, and the means by which votes may be had for a county. We have all that superstitious notion about land owners and land, so that people in the towns have tacitly agreed to allow that to a certain number of lords and squires, who dress in top-boots, and waste most of their time in hunting or worse idleness, be longs the county representation—that this representa tion belongs to a totally different class from the town representation. Now, this is the old superstition de rived from feudal times, which it behoves us to get rid of.(Applause.) What is the county representa tion ? Not the representation of acres, or cattle, or sheep. The very voters who compose the county constituencies go to vote for or against our interests in towns ; there can be no interests in a county apart from the interests of the towns within that county ; for counties without the towns contained in those counties would be about as valu able as the unreclaimed land in New Holland._ :(Applause.) The counties belong to the towns, and not the towns to the counties ; and to the towns ought to belong the county representation.—(Ap plause.) I believe England is the only country in the world having a constituency form of government where the distinction has been kept up of votes for 'counties and votes for boroughs ; in all other coun tries with which I acquainted, the votes are given from sections of country, or by a population of par ticular districts; but in no other country is the ab surdity continued of sending one description of re presentatives for the towns and another for the counties. We have derived this from our own feudal system ; it sprung up at a time when there was a ge neral belief, and when probably that belief was founded on something like fact, that there was an antagonism between the interests of towns and the interests of counties ; in fact, when our representative system first dawned in this country there was an antagonism between towns and counties. The towns were the residences of men who had attained a certain amount of freedom, having escaped from the clutches of their feudal: lords ; the counties were still is their hands ; and whilst the towns sent up their citizens, their bur gesses, to vote in Parliament, the feudal lords and the counties sent up their knights of the shire to vote in Parliament also ; and they were at times very much at war with each other, having separate and distinct rights. But all that is gone by; nobody pretends now that the people in eounties can have different interests from those in boroughs ; and what I want to bring to your conviction is, that as there is but one common interest in county and town, you have an undoubted right to take an interest in the representation of the counties ; and, in fact, it cannot be a representation of the county unless it represents the large towns in the county.—(Applause.) Now, there has been another great misapprehension ; people have had an idea—“ Oh, its out of my power to be ,n elector for the county ; it costs so much to be an lector for the county, I shall never be able to get a Vote."—(Hear.) They have a notion that it must be a rich man with an estate to vote for a county, or some body at least renting fifty acres of land. Now a vote for a county may be much more easily gained, and much more cheaply kept, than a vote for a borough. How few of you in this borough, now, can afford to take and keep a. 101. house.; that is, how few to what there ought to be.—(Hear, hear.) But, how many more of you can ma nage t o ay out 401. or 501. in buying a cottage, and getting 7 or 8 per cent. for your money. It is your own ; the purchase money is invested instead of putting it into the savings' banks ; you get your interest and your vote besides; and you have not to pay something addi tional every year, but the investment is paying you something additional every year instead.—(Applause.) Now, seeing how much easier it is to have a county vote than a borough vote, we come here to agitate, to try to indnce you, first of all, every man to get a borough vote, and then to get as many county votes as you can in addition; and, next of all, to urge upon those who have not got a borough vote, to see and get a county vote as soon as they can.—(Cheers.) Don't let us talk about theories for getting the fran ehise in some great sweep, which can be obtained some day, I don't know when ; but let us do some thing as well as talk ; let everybody who can manage to get a vote for the county, get it as soon as he can, and it will help him to get everything else right and just that he wants to get.—(Applause.) A. little while ago there was an election for North Lancashire. Well, Mr. Towneley Parker, a leading man among the squires—not a very wise man you Suppose—it does not require a very wise man to lead that order—(Applause and laughter)—in addressing the constituency at one of the towns, said, "I should like to see any one come forward here to oppose Mr. Talbot Clifton. Look at the requisition that has been presented to him! it is signed by people whose in come amounts to 400,0001. a year, and I should like to know who would contend against such an amount of influence as that." Nothing so easy as to contend against it ; and show you how ; 400,0001. a year ; how many votes will that give the landowners—for that is what he meant ?—(Hear, hear.) We know that 501. a year gives a vote; a rent of 50/. gives a vote to the tenant, and that vote the landlord puts in his pocket along with the rent.—(Applause.) But farms are not divided now into 50/. each; it is not convenient to do so. Mr. Towneley Parker's father finds it necessary to make up his land into farms of 400 or 500 acres, and to get Scotchmen with money to manage them, in order that he may get his rent. Now, I'll suppose that they have this 400,0001. a year let in farms of 100/. a year each, and that they had their 4,000 tenants-at-will; and we'll suppose that they command the votes of all of them. This 400,0001. a year of landed property represents a capital at thirty years' purchase (which land is worth) of twelve millions. Twelve millions of money, pay ing 400,000/. a year of rent, let to 4,000 tenants-at will at 1001. a year, gives 4,000 votes. Now let us see how many votes may be owned in the towns in North Lancashire—Blackburn, Lancaster, Preston, Citheroe, andlthe rest, and what will they cost ? Why 4,000 votes at 501, each, of capital, mind you (for you may buy a vote, I mean the property that will give you a vote, quite easily)-4,000 people might qualify themselves at 501. each of capital, which would be 200,000/. Thus, the mere investment of 200,000/. in cottage property in any town in North Lancashire would just give the same power to the owners of that property in the polling-booths as Mr. Townley Parker and his brother squires get, by invest ing their t welve millions in the land.—(Applause.) Well now, if these squires will come out, and swagger, and point to their requisition, and say, " See what an amount of interest it represents, how can you stand against such an amount of influence as this ?"—I say, " Town against county—plain pantaloons against top-boots and breeches, if you will."—(Loud ap plause and laughter.) And I have no doubt, if we can only raise our fellow-countrymen to that feeling of self-respect which I long to see within them, that that the towns are better prepared now to make a fight in this constitutional and peaceful way, against the squirearchy, who are attempting to retain a por tion of that old feudal barbarism which is exploded in every country in the world—money for money in the polling-booth—than ever our ancestors were when they knocked them out of those old castles of theirs, and brought their houses about their ears.—(Loud applause.) We have tried what can be done in South Lancashire, and don't suppose, because we happen to have so many large towns in South Lancashire, that therefore we fight those landed monopolists atso much greater advantage than the free-traders would have in some other counties. For it does so happen, that in Lancashire and Cheshire there is a 'greater num ber of large proprietors exercising a predomi nant sway in the counties than in any other part of the kingdom. That is acknowledged and understood everywhere. If you ask in London where the largest, and richest, and most powerful landed proprietors are to be found, they'll tell you in North Cheshire and in Lancashire, where you'll find your Lord Derbys, with their estates of eleven miles long ; your Scarris- , brick, where you may ride ten or twelve miles at a stretch over his property ; and your Egerton, of Tat ton, with a similar extent of domain—the largest and most powerful proprietors in the country.—(Ap plause.) And it is against them that we have had to contend in Lancashire, and to contend, too, mind you, before we had even thought of putting into force the plan we are new recommending, of bring ing up all the free-traders to be put on the register, by inducing them to qualify for this holy war against monopoly. Well, in South Lancashire, under all these disadvantages, we have tried our strength ' against the monopolists; and you know the result.— - (Applause.) And it has not been long in dei - ng either. Thanks to our friend Mr. Brown—(Applause) —for having come forward to fight a forlorn hope ; for I, having been behind the scenes, can tell you that neither Mr. Brown, nor some other people who must be nameless, had the least idea that we oould win last time. I don't know whether, when E was here, I told you any fibs, and said that we shosuld; but you know in electioneering, as in love, you may say anything.—(Applause and laughter.) But Mr. Brown knew he had no chance of winning last ti'me ; nevertheless, he threw himself nobly into the battle ; he very admirably managed his canvass, and showed the utmost munificence in maintaining his she re of the expenses of the contest.—(Applause.) He ' knew he could not win ; but I think he has a shrewd. guess now that he'll win next time.—(Loud applause.) Well, we tried our strength in South Lane ashire and I'll tell you what happened. Every land ed pro prietor of any magnitude, Whig or Tory, v pith the exception—and a splendid exception it was—c 4' Lord Sefton, went dead against us.—(Hear, hear.) Ther e was one gentleman down at Li v erp oo l, or the neigh bourhood, a Catholic, who had been so staun ch a Liberal in times when the only test we put to people was " Civil and religious liberty all over the world," that he used to come into I Aver pool and take the chair for the Libe rids at Lord Molineux's Committee.—(Hear hear.) At the last election they went to him naturally, and: asked him to do so again. The answer got was, " 'Phis is quite another question now : this is not civil and reli gious liberty;' and they learnt, in short, that the gentleman had turned corn-servative.—(Applaus e and laughter.) Yes, and a good many more turned. :orn servatives too.—(Hear.) I was in the polling-1. ,00th, at which I saw a gentleman there who used to be a flaming patriot of the " civil and !religious libi :rty" school not more than eight years ago, and who took the chair at our committees for Lord Molineux and Mr. Wood, in Manchester. He came to the poll t and he said—" Mr. Entwisle, I rote against the Le: ig ue— that's all."—(Laughter.) Now, that was a abby fellow.—(Loud -applause and laughter.) I'll t 11 you why; because he had not the courage to say, like other men, " I am a corn-servative," but lie t tied to escape by picking a quarrel with the League. —(Ap plause.) All shabby men do that.—(Loud api clause.) If a man wants an excuse for doing what he k aows is wrong, he picks a quarrel with the League, an el says —" I am against the League."—(Hear.) No w, this squire voted for Entwisle because he thought it ; :suited his pocket to vote for Entwisle ; and he is not only a shabby man, but a profoundly ignorant one; he did not know his own true interest, or he woul d have voted for Brown.—(Applause.) That was the p eople we had opposed to us at the last election ; tl ie y all went over. And we had the traitors at our own door too, men of our own order—men who, as Mr. I ;right says, opened the gates of the citadel by night ; as it were, and let the enemy in.—(Applause.) V re . had then all against us. And now I will tell you: what we can do ; we can put our foot, the foot of the .1 Vnti- Corn-law League, upon the neck of every one of M hem. —(Loud applause.) Aye, we will say sa ft the proudest of the aristocrats amongst them who nq )hold this iniquitous system of corn-laws—" At 01; next election we will prove that you, by identifying your selves with this vile system, you, with your ten or twelve miles' extent of territory, have so forfeit ed the respect of those around you, that, devoted (Fs the English people hereditarily are to rank and wealth, you have so alienated the respect and confidence of the great bulk of the propertied class—the middle class—round you, that you have no more poli tical power in the country than so many paupers in a union workhouse."—(Hear, and loud cheers.) Now, what has been done in South Lancashire— done, as it were, in a canter—is nothing to what we will do in future. They talk of recovering their lost ground next year : I tell them, for their consolation, bad as they are upon this registry, they will be a thousand times worse upon the next.—(Applause.) But this good system won't stop in Lancashire : already in the West Riding of Yorkshire they have caught the contagion, and they are meeting in every town and large village in the West Riding. I have no hesitation in saying, that North Cheshire will be as easily won as South Lancashire ; there are only 5,000 or so upon the registry there; not one-half of the people who are subscribers to the League and free traders in that county are upon the register. And why should not we, in Manchester, and Oldham, and Rochdale, send our contingent of free-traders across the Mersey to help them out of their trouble there ? —(Applause.) North Cheshire, the West Riding of Yorkshire, and North Lancashire, must be the next counties to follow the example of South Lancashire. Then there's Middlesex; I did not think the Cock neys would be easily moved, but I bear they are catching the infection in London; they are proposing to add 500 or 1,000 fresh voters for the county of Middlesex before the 31st of January.—(Applause.) Now, it is a shame that there should be any doubt about the representation of that county. If the people of London had only a notion how easily they could qualify, and how they are wanted to qualify, they would have ten times the strength necessary to secure the county of Middlesex to-the free-traders ; and I doubt not it will be effectually done. Now, we shall be told that this is very unconstitutional, if it is not illegal—that is, that we should be adding to the con stituency of the country. Why, what does Sir Robert Peel say ? " Register, register, register;" and we are about taking hi s a d v i ce . —(L ou d applause.) But you cannot register, register, register, till you have obtained a qualification to be put upon the register. Now, the very plan that he proposed for increasing his strength, and the strength of his motley party in the polling-booth, is the plan we propose in our case: but we do not endeavour or intend to do that which the monopolist lords and :squires have done; that is, not to make fictitious, to put spurious and fictitious votes upon the register.—(Hear.) We have no conve nient gamekeepers, or park lodgekeepers, whom we can cram on—no sons, or brothers, or nephews of farmers, whom we can compel to register, and to swear that they are partners, if necessary, when they are no more partners than I am.—(Applause.) What I say is this—lay out 401. or 501. in property which will bring you in 41. or 51. a year, and get yourselves upon the county register, and have a vote. Now, I was not born and bred a lawyer ; but I will defy all the lawyers in the land, including Mr. Smith, the Irish Attorney-General—(Loud laughter)—to prove that there's any illegality in a man buying a freehold property that will give him a vote, along with in terest for his money.—(Applause.) Whether it is constitutional or unconstitutional I don't profess ex actly to understand ; for I never yet knew anything good in this country got—whether it was abolishing the old boroughrnongering system, or getting rid of Catholic disabilities, or of the Test and Corporation Acts, or abolishing the hanging of people for a matter of five shillings—(Loud applause)—l never knew anything good of that kind accomplished in the shape of reform, but there was one party in the State— that party who used to be led on by the venerable Lord Eldon—who were always sure to get out their white pocket handkerchiefs, begin a crying, and de clare that if that measure passed, the Constitution would be irretrievably ruined.—(Loud applause.) Now, I don't profess to know what is constitutional; but if there be anything unconstitutional in becoming a county voter, I think, as there happen to be already a great many 40s. freeholders, the constitution has been pretty much tried in that point already.—(Ap plause.) But I would guard you against supposing that there is anything like trick, or manceuvre, or anything savouring of finesse, in endeavouring to increase the voters on the register. It is in accord ance with the spirit as well as with the letter of the law that men should aim at becoming voters. Why is 405. mentioned, and not 101., as it is, unhappily, in Ireland and Scotland ? Why, because it is considered that a man, having the intelligence, and the spirit, and the desire to possess 40s. a year of interest for an investment, will be a prudent, careful, thoughtful man, who will be likely to send proper representa tives ; and, therefore the qualification is fixed at that amount.—(Applause.) It holds out an invitation to every man who has the means to qualify himself, and become a voter for representatives in Parliament. And I cannot Imagine anything more calculated to do good to that honest and large class of operatives who cannot afford to live in a 101. house, end who yet ought not to be excluded from the franchise—l cannot imagine anything more calculated to raise them as a class in their own estimation (and you cannot raise a man unless by raising him in his own estimation), than by inducing and persuading as many of them as possible to possess themselves of the county franchise, by investing their savings in a freehold purchase.—(Applause.) You thus do good not only to those who are encou raged to save money with such a prospect, but to a large class besides, amongst whom you scatter men whq have themselves obtained a vote, and who will act as missionaries in trying to induce those with 'with whom they work—stimulating them by example and by a spirit of rivalry—also to become free holders, and therby have a vote in the representation of the country.—(Applause.) In every point of view, then, we see nothing but good to result from the movement we have now undertaken ; I look upon it with the greatest interest, because I think we have , tapped a new vein, as it were, in this agitation, one that I am sure will be productive of the best possible results, not only to our agitation (for many things want doing besides corn-law repeal, and others will do here no doubt better than we have been able to do this), but I see the greatest advantage to arise from increasing the basis of our representative system, by giving us many additional voters, and particularly by those whose desire of being enfranchised will induce them to lay by a share of their earnings, in order that they may obtain the necessary qualification. Gentle men, I don't think I need to say more on the subject to convince you, for I understand you are already convinced, and that a very large number are already prepared to obtain the qualification. I don't think I need to say anything on the progress of our cause, or as it regards the main ar guments' in connexion with our question. You know we have rather changed the aspect of affairs in this country; manufactures are now up in in this draw well; the bucket of the farmers is going down empty, and ours is coming up a little more full. We are in a sort of intermittent fever in this country ; the ague is at one extremity to-day, the cold shiver at the other extremity to-morrow.—(Hear, hear.) And this is the natural result of a system which sets the laws of nature at defiance. But bear this in mind : whilst your spindles are at work, if report speaks truly, profitably at work just now, there is that going on in the agricultural districts which will assuredly bring those spindles in a short time to a stand-still, or make them revolve with little profit. You hear at agricultural meetings of the want of employment for the labourers ; and the farmers cannot employ them because they have not money to pay them. Why cannot they employ and pay them ? They have had a good harvest ; every body admits that they have had a most splendid crop ; and when they have been favoured by nature with an abundant harvest, how is it they cannot afford to employ their labourers and go on cultivating ? Simply for this reason—they have taken their land at a rent calculated at 565. or 60s. a quarter, and they are now selling it in the country places at about 425. per quarter.—(Applause.) But in those places where the farmers have taken their land on a corn rent — that is to say, to pay so , many quarters of corn for their rent, whatever the price of wheat may be, as the farmers in a great part of Scotland are doing, and on Lord Radnor's estates :in Wiltshire—very much t) that nobleman's credit—they are doing very well in deed, and making more money than when wheat was high. I have got here a letter from a leading farmer in Haddingtonshire, a district of the Scotch Lothians, where farming is carried to such perfection, and he tells me that the farmers were:never doing better in Haddingtonshire, where they pay rent in proportion to their produce—that is to say, if a man engages to two hundred two hundred quarters of wheat as rent for hundred acres ofi la o n s. d, if pays 500/., he wliea paysotnilsys 4001 .a ; qu a a n r d ter t , h h u e if it is 4 thus it makes no difference to him whether his produce is high or low, onlythere is is th lo is w a , dv a a a n d tag be advantage, h is e always must must prosper when wheat pay his labourers better after a good harvest than when corn is dear.—(Applause.) What does this prove ? That all the distress of the farmers in the ._ ~ ....- ...."-- / -.... P syouolt; hear rf about tantdhe malt -tax _ . bX-16 . ► y„,4: ogy:l;f,-,,,_. _,,,, 1 - ' , ;7.3 ,E, r) ~, ,i• , :,_ , • ~.. C ~ .. % N O V A •-•... . '''' At ir.-7:l[ -:- 4,: - N . • : _,._- , c 4- ' -,- -- - , i t .....,--‘, - -co, . ---„ , c , 4 A.l) lig t i , A p ga -..„ ' ...7''' ' 1,111 i1C'4.;.7.:','" ~, %; ..;:.''' Imo 'MN; `" - ' "'' . - 41 -.-- ''',, L ........m b . , 41111P_ _ _____ been foolish enough to en calculated upon wheat at 6C they only get 425. for i tax i that the farmers are apt to - , z,.. )-- . -- 1 ~7.'- ' , . . o r .' - _ ~.,_ ___4llk• to _ :•11' ' 'ii/I :. ' '\ , ~, 41 1 % iffrillib' ‘l4: 11 4: 7 J; It 4 : 7 - 11a;x reAli i niv+ merely a pretence to keep these] - and prevent them inquiring int( —(Applause.) But, mark me ; No. 16,309. LONDON, SATURDAY EVEN I N G -- U . N. NOVEMBER 23, 1844. PRICE 54 distressed, they cannot be cul AV You hear of forty labourers in .—.----_. off to the union workhouse.—(ll( THE SUN is Published EVERY MORNING at FIVE O'CLOCK, i n Time for the EARLY TRAINS and TOWN DELIVERY ; a SECOND EDITION (Evening Sun) is Published in Titne for tke AFTERNOON TRAllv,q _ case is where an unfortunate B s other day, m the parish of y containing PARLIAMENTARY and Iza other NE W'S in LONDON lip to that Bow. 700 acres, and where there are and a THIRD EDITION at ,SEVEN O'CLOCK, for POST, 1 ployed, at Bs. or 10s. a week. ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED in ALL THE THREE PAPERS, Morning Neon, and Night, thereby insuring a lector cetoW elector and COEIN7'RY CIRCULATION, at ONE CHARGE. this only amounts to 501. a week, wages paid upon 700 acres of ~. . ................ for or the eo e u c n o t u v uty 't costs so much to be an 1 Engl b i,h ,, peryle ,, l , ier!d i it!fily are to rank and wealth SOU T H WALES .. It A I L . W . A Y. ' R OVAL The PROTEOSCOPE, anew apparatus INSTITUTION. for exhibiting consequence of the applications for Shares in this RaiI. LEAGUE MEETING AT I , for th I shall never be al& t. ...(- .i I ~,. much smallest w wages s y oausr that individual parish conof ....... i......,.. .....tlw ownnariati thn niinahpr r flirt.' thnse °attic. OPAQUE ORJFOT , I im tintiirn rind Art olanwinst continuednovelties. PU RCH ASERS OF STOVES, IRON MONGERY, &c., are requested to visit RIPPON and BURTON'S extensive Warehouses, 89, Oxford-street, corner of Newman-street (just removed from Wells-street, Oxford-street), where the largest and most varied stock of all first-rate Iron. mongery Articles, necessary to the furnishing of a house, ever pre sented to the public, is constantly on sale at the same low prices for which Rippon and Burton's house has been celebrated for more than twenty years. The money returned for every article not ap. proved of. ABRONZED SCROLL FENDER, 10s. 6d.— RIPPON and BURTON are now offering the most ex tensive assortment of FENDERS in London, embracing every possible variety, at prices 30 per cent, under any other house. Iron fenders, 3 feet long, from 4s. 6d. ; 3 feet 6, ss. 3d. ; 4 feet, 6e.; ditto bronzed, 3 teet, from 6s. ; 3 feet 6,7 s. ; 4 feet, Bs. ; rich scroll fenders bronzed, with steel bar, any size, from 10s. 6d. ; polished steel and ormolu mounted fenders at proportionate prices. Fire-irons for chambers, Is. 9d. per set; ditto steel ditto, from 35. 6d. ; handsome ditto with cut heads, 6s. 6d. ; newest patterns, with elegant bronzed heads, I Is. IVORY TABLE KNIVES, 10s. per dozen; octagon ivory handle knives, with high shoulders, 10s. per dozen ; desserts, Bs. ; if to balance, Is. per doe. extra; carvers, Ss. 6d. per pair; white bone table knives, 6s. per dozen ; desserts, 45.; carvers, 2s. per pair; blank horn table knives, 6s. per dozen ; desserts, 45.; carvers, 2s. 6d. ; table steels, Is. each. Table knives, with handles of the celebrated substitute for silver, made only by R. and B. (which cannot be distinguished from sterling silver, except by the mark), 225. 6d. per dozen ; desserts, 185. ; carvers, per pair, 65. 6d, All marked " RIPPON and BURTON," and warranted. Detailed Catalogues, with engravings, sent (per post) free.— Established in Wells-street 1820. GOLD AND SILVER WATCHES.—Messrs. HORTON and CO., Watchmakers and Jewellers, 36, Ludgate-street (opposite Messrs. Everington and Co.), offer to their Friends and the Public their celebrated Watches, of work manship the highest class of excellence, at the following prices : The Vertical Movement in Gold Cases .E 5 5 0 toXIO 10 0 Do. Do. Do. in Silver Do.— 2 00 to 4 0 0 The Horizontal Do. in Flat Gold Do. 7 7 0 to 10 10 0 Do. Do. Do. in;Flat Silver Do. 3 30 to 4 0 0 Ladies' Lever Watches, Gold Cases and Gold Dials Gentlemen's Do. Do. Do., Enamelled Dials ...... ....... 13 13 0 to 18 18 0 Do. Do. in Silver Cases, Do 5 50 to 6 6 0 A Warranty for Twelve Months. N.B. A Large Stock of Elegant and Tasteful Jewellery, Ladies' Silver Card.cases and Vinigrettes, Gentlemen's Snuffboxes, and a great variety of other Fancy Articles, at prices immensely below the usual London charges, THE TWO TRAVELLERS. Two travellers going a journey together, Began to converse on the state of the weather. "I say," said the first, with a shivering form, "How the deuce do you manage to keep yourself warm? I myself am half froze from my head to my toes, With a very red face, and a very cold nose. And as for rheumatics and ague," said he, "They haunt me so much that I never am free. But look at yourself, ycu are hearty and bluff', Though the weather has proved so remarkably rough. You always seem snug, though the hurricanes bellow-- Do tell me the cause of it, there's a good fellow." "So I will." said the other, " and that in a minute, Though, to tell yo u the truth, there is no secret in it. This warm winter coat is a garment most rare; I bought it of MOSES and SON—you know where. I always feel warm in the midst of a storm, While such a choice com f orter covers my form. If you'd a coat like it, 'rheumatics' and ague' Would never come near you to vex and to plague you. Now take say advice, Sir, and do as I've done, Go and purchases coat of E. MOSES and SON. Since wearing this comforting garment," said he, " I've never once paid any doctor a fee. Thus MOSES and SON, while they keep us from cold, Prevent us from wasting so much of our gold. I'm certain there's no better thing can be done, Than buying a coat of E. MOSS' apd SON " A new work, entitled "THE CONNERCI AL PHENO. MENO N," with full directions for Self. Measurement, on applica ion, will be forwarded post free. N.B. For the convenience of parties residing from town, en appll. nation, directions for self-measurement will be forwarded post free. RELDT MADE. E. d. Shooting Coats in every variety from 0 10 0 Velveteen ditto, seven pockets Tweed Taglionis Ditto, ditto, with silk facings, collars, and cuffs Cashmarette coats in every% hape, handsomely trimmed llO 0 An Immense stock of Blouses 0 9 6 Summer vests Cashmere and Persian ditto, in every variety .3s. to ti 6 Black satin vests Ditto, cloth ditto 0 4 6 Cloth trousers ... Single milled doe A great variety of summer ditto 0 7 0 Dress Coat edged" 1 0 0 00000000000 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0000000 00000000 Frock MADE TO MEASURE. Sporting Coats in the most approved style • 13 6 Velveteen ditto, ditto, seven pockets 1 8 0 rweed coats, trimmed with silk 0 16 0 Cashmere, fine Saxony 1 3 0 Cashmarette, New and unproved article, warranted water proof, trimmed with silk, collar, cuffs, &c. 1 18 0 Quilting vests, 7s. each, or three for Cashmere vests, in choice patterns Trousers, adapted for the season Milled Victoria, and plain doe 0 17 • Best quality West of England 1 3 0 Super Black 0 16 0 Best Dress Dress Coat Ditto, ditto, best manufactured Frock Coat Best manufactured 3 3 0 Mourning to any extent can be had at five minutes' notice, at the following prices : Men's Suits, dress coat, vest and trousers. from 1 16 ditto, jacket, vest, and trousers from 0 18 8 IMPORTANT.— Any article purchased or ordered, if not approved of ,exchanged, or the money returned. Observe—E. MOSES and SON, Tailors Wholesale and Retail Woolen Drapers, Outfitters, and General bareh ousemen, 154, Mi nories, and 86, Aldgate,City, opposite the Church. CAUTION.—E. Moses and Son are obliged to guard th public against imposition, having learned that the untradesmanlike falsehood of being connected with them, or it's the same concern, has oeen resorted to in many instances, and for obvious reasons. They have no connexion whatever with any other establishment, and those who desire genuine Cheap Clothing should (to prevent disappointment, &c.) call or send to, 154, Minories, or 88, Aldgate, opposite the Church. N.B. No business transacted at this Establishment from sunset on Friday till sunset on Saturday, when business is resumed till twelve o'clock POST.OFFICE.—CAUTION. PRICE and CO., perfumers to her Majesty, 28, Lombard.street (late Price and Gosnell's, and formerly Patey, Butts, Price, and Co's.), by the recommendation of the Se cretary of the Post-office, beg to " impress upon their Corre spondents the necessity of precision in the address of all letters in. tended for them," thus---." Price and Co." (and not " Price and Oosnell"--that firm ceased to'exist in 1831), as the only means of guarding against the fraudulent conduct of individuals who take in and retain letters and orders intended for Price and Co., by il legally assuming the firm of " Price and Gomel," well knowing bat they never were in any way connected with that firm OTHERWISE THAN AS SERVANTS, Price and Co.'s Perffirnery is so superior to any other, and in such general demand, that many shopkeepers are basely deceiving the Publis by selling spurious imitations. Price and Co. respect.. fully solicit Ladies and Gentlemen when they purchase not to take any article without the protection label, from a design by Sir William Congreve, being affixed to it, with the signature of " Price and Co., Lombard-street," is red ink, and " 28" conspi cuously in its centre. Price and Co. are the sole Wholesale Agents for DELCROIX'S K ALYDOR, a French cosmetic, surpassing all others for preserving and beau tifying the Complexion, prepared for the use of her most gracious Majesty the Queen, and her Majesty the Queen Dowager, by es pecial command, and protected by letters patent. Price 4s. 6d. DELCROIX'S MACASSAR OIL, imported under the sanction of the " Lords of the Treasury," for the use of her most gracious Majesty and their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales, the Princess Royal, &c., is also protected by two elegantly-executed, Correct likenesses, in embossed medallions, of her Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Albert. Price Ss. 6d. DELCROIX'S ODONTO. " We do not hesitate to recommend, from experience, DEL. CROIX'S ODONTO, or the Queen's own Dentifrice, as the most •aluable means of purifying, preserving, and embellishing the Teeth and Gums, hitherto offered to the Public."—Court Gazette. . 4 ,, * The Bouquet Duke of York is the last new fashionable perfume of the season 1844 ; but though the last, is net the least i nperfection, as it happily combines the preceding excellence of all the royal bouquets, with the delicate and delicious fragrance of the white moss rose. Let him who is a true born gentleman, And stands upon the honour of his birth If he suppose that I have pleaded truth— From off this briar pluck a white rose with me. Messrs. J. Delcroix and Co., 158, New Bond-street, have pleasure In offering this their last bouquet of the season, and beg to inform the Nobility and their Patrons that, during the recess, all orders for their " unique cadeau" of a case containing the six royal bou quets for one guinea, comprising the bouquets do la Relne, d'Albert, Prince of Wales, Duke of York, Princesse Royale, and Prineesse Alice, will be forwarded to any part of the country, carriage paid. To insure the genuine, particular attention is required in observing that No. 15S, New Bond.street, London, be upon each case and every bottle, as worthless counterfeits, for the sake of profit, are sold by Druggists and Hairdressers in town and country. SHAVING A LUXURY. PRICE and CO.cRYPOPHAGON surpasses every seap ever invented for shaving. One trial will prove that the luxury of a good shave can be enjoyed only by those who use Price and Co.'s Rypophagon, which renders shaving (hitherto disagreeable and often painful) pleasant and easy. Prepared by Price and Co., 28, Lombard-street (late Price and Gosnell's), and sold by Delcroix and Co., 158, New Bond-street, and nowhere else in London, price 3s. 6d. per pot, Is. per square, in cakes for boxes Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. *** Mr. Price will have pleasure in presenting any brother traveller with a square of the Rypophagon gratuitously, who may do him the honour of a sail 'at Montpellier House, 28, Lombard street. INFLUENZA, COUGHS, AND COLDS. SIIICO'S ESSENCE of' LINSEED is the most efficacious remedy ever discovered for the relief of per sons suffer mg from Influenza ; the two first doses generally arrest Use progress of this distressing complaint, and a little perseverance comp letel y removes it. Childr en ' s Coug hs, as well 'as recent ones in adults, will be removed by a f ew d oses ( f requen tly by the first), and asthmatic persons, who previou s ly received the utmost be had not been able to lie down in bed , have benefit from the use of ;;'s""giki "iiVLINS EED, Sold by A. WILLOUGHBY and Co. 61, ilishopgate-street With out, ancl all M e di c i ne Vender', in boAlee ait la. 13 d. fir 2a. PA Ci. BETTS'S PATENT BRANDY CAPSULED. Consumers of Brandy are respectfully informed, that J. T. BETTS, jun., and CO., will not be responsible for stay Bottled Brandy that is not protected against fraudulent substitution, by the PATENT METALLIC CAPSULES, embossed with the words " BETTS'S PATENT BRANDY, 7, SMITHFIELD BARS." sold by the most respectable Wine and Spirit Merchants in Town and Country, at 3s. W. per bottle, the bottle included. Betts's Patent Brandy is used, in preference to Foreign, at Guy's, St. George's, and the other principal Hospitals, &c., throughout the kingdom. Attention is especially requested to the security afforded by the Patent Metallic Capsules. Country dealers are advertised in the provincial journals ; and lists of London dealers may be obtained at the Distillery ; where quanti ties of not less than Two Gallons may be supplied, la bulk, at 18s. per Gallon ; and in Bottles, cases and bottles included, at 20s. per Gallon. 7, SMITHFIELD-BARS. THE FINEST WAX AND SPERMACETI CANDLES.—Those who burn these are respectfully recommended to make one trial whether PRICE'S PATENT CANDLES, at one.third of the cost, do not burn better. They may be had of respectable dealers throughout the kingdom, if care can be taken to prevent any imitations being passed off as the Patent Candles; and the Trade may obtain them wholesale from Edward Price and Co., Belmont, Vauxhall, and Palmer and Co., Sutton-street, Clerkenwell. SILVER-PLATED DISH COVERS. B. SAVORY and SONS, Manufacturing A • Silversmiths, 14, Cornhill, London, opposite the Bank of England, submit for choice in their Plate-rooms, many Patterns of SILVER-PLATED DISH COVERS, of Sheffield Manufacture, from Fifteen to Twenty Guineas the set, viz. -- Double Dome Pattern. The Melon Pattern. Size. X s. d. Size.X. s. d. lated Dish Cover, 20 in. 5 13 8 I Plated Dish Cover, 50 in. 5 17 0 Dish Cover, 18 in. 4 7 6 1 Dish Cover. 16 in. 4 14 0 Dish Covers, 16 in. 512 6 2 Dish Covers, 14 in. 6 6 6 Per set £l5 13_ The above have silver handles' for csigraving the crest er coat of a A Price Current, illustrated by information relative to the purchas be had on application, or will b postage, in answer to a paid letter Per set £6 17 and mountings, and silver shields Lrms. Drawings, and containing every e of Silver or Sheffield Plate, may e sent into the country, free of PUBLICATIONS. TERRACE-STEPS AND PARAPETS in the ANCIENT GARDEN of SIR BABTIST HICKES, KENSINGTON. THE BUILDER, No. 94, just published, contains beautiful illustrations of the Terrace-steps and Parapets in the Garden of Great Campden House, Kensington—Architectural Regu lations of Police shown to be necessary by the late Serious Accidents to Buildings—On the Danger of Sinking Artesian Wells in London— M. Andraud's New System of Locomotion—Construction of River Piers—Competitions—Tudor Arches—Tenders—Notices of Contracts —and all other Architectural News. Office, 2, York-street, Covent-garden ; and all Booksellers MISS MARTINEAU ON MESMERISM. THE ATHENIEUM of THIS DAY contains the FIRST of a SERIES of LETTERS from MISS HARRIET MARTINEAU, on her RECOVERY by MESMERIC TREATMENT ALONE. SPLENDIDLY ILLUSTRATED. THE GREAT GUN ! No. 2 (price 3d., stamped 4d.), is published this day. A few thousands of No. 1 have been reprinted, to be delivered to such Purchasers of No. 2 as did not receive their Copies last week. No. 2 contains the commencement of the ROMANCE of WAR, by the Author of" Stories of Waterloo ;" the first of the PLEASURE TRIPS of the PEOPLE, a new Novel, from the German. A variety of general and comic Papers by Emi nent Writers ; and Twenty-eve Illustrations by Phiz and other Artists. Office, 63, Fleet-street ; and to be had of all Newsmen. THE WANDERING JEW. THE FAMILY HERALD, • Part 19, for December, price Sixpence, contains a fhll, free, and falthfhl Translation of all that has appeared, up to the present time, of Eugene Sue's extraordinary, mysteriously true, and highly Interest ing talc. The numbers (63 to 83) of the Family Herald, containing the Four first Volumes of the Original, costs only 25., or, neatly stitched in coloured covers (Parts 15 to 19), 2s. 6d. Give orders to any Bookseller in the United Kingdom to procure them in his next parcel. THE FAMILY HERALD is a welcome guest in every home ; It is the cheapest and most interesting Literary Miscellany ever pub lished ; wisdom and cheerfulness, mirth and propriety, are so happily blended in its pages, as to unite the favourable opinion of all eLtsses, sexes, and ages.—No politics—no controversy—no personalities—no ribaldry. _ T HE LEGAL OBSERVER, No. IV., of the Session 1844-5, contains :-- 1. Alterations in the Law of Joint-Stock Companies-9. Local Courts in France-3. The Property Lawyer-4. Expected New Or de s in Chancery-5. Further Reduction of Fees in Chancery-6. Admission of Solicitors-7. Notices of New Books-3. Questions at, and Results of, the Examination-9. Bankruptcy Law: Abolition of Arrest, Execution for Costs-10. New Common Law Business-11. Canvassing for Professional Business-12. The Act to simplify the Transfer of Property-13. Attorneys to be Admitted-14. Recent Decisions in the Superior Courts, reported by Barristers of the seve ral Courts. Price Bd. ; 9d. stamped. E. Spettigue, 67, Chancery-lane. THE POST MAGAZINE ALMANACK for 1845. Price Gd. Ninety-six pages royal octavo. " A wonderful sixpenny-worth of information."—Literary Gazette. " The most beautiful of its kind extant."—City Chronicle. " Worth ten times the sum it is published at."—Manchester Guardian. " The tiling is altogether a wonder."—Berwick Warder. " Every family should possess it."—Carlisle Journal. Now ready for delivery, JOHNSON and SHAW'S FARMERS' AL MANAC and CALENDAR, for 1845 ; 220 pages, and 100 En gravings of the best Agricultural Implements, with their prices and makers' names, &c., &c., price only Is. 1. Johnson's Tracts for Agricultural Schools, Cottage Farmers' As sistant, Farmers' Calendar, and Agricultural Chemistry, Is. each. 2. A new and enlarged edition of Johnson on Manures, price 16s. 3. Von Thaer's Principles of Agriculture, translated by C. W. Johnson, Esq., F.R.S., and W. Shaw, Esq., in 2 vols., price 255. cloth. 4. Morton on Soils, a new edition enlarged, price 10s. 5. Squarey's Agricultural Chemistry for the Practical Farmer, bs. 6. Sinclair on Grasses and Weeds of Agriculture, 45 Coloured Plates, 30s. James Ridgway, Piccadilly; and every Country Bookseller. This day, in 2 vols., Bvo., with numerous Illustrations , T HE THAMES and its TRIBUTARIES. By CHARL ES MACKAY, Author of " Memoirs of Popular Delusions," &c. " This pleasant work will be read by every one with extreme de light."—Morning Chronicle. " A happily-conceived and well-executed book ; full of delightful scenes, hallowed by history, romance, and poetry.—Caledonian Mercury. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street (Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty). --- - NEW HISTORICAL ROMANCE. Just ready, In 3 vols., I THE BORDER WARDENS. AN HISTORICAL ROMANCE. By MRS. PONSONBY. London: John Mortimer, Publisher, Adelaide-streot. NEW EDITIONS of DR. COMBE'S WORKS . I. The PEOPLE'S EDITION of PHYSIOLOGY applied to HEALTH and EDUCATION, in double columns, large Bvo., Second Impression, price 2s. 6d. The Twelfth Edition of the same Work, in a neat vol., poet Bvo., price 7s. 6d. 11. On the MANAGEMENT of INFANCY, for the use of Parents. Fourth Edition. In one vol. 12m0., price 6s. 111. On DIGESTION and DIET, with 12 Wood-cuts, PEOPLE'S EDITION (now in the press). Maclachlan, Stewart, and Co., Edinburgh; Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., London ; and all Booksellers. " VITAL PERI ODICITY — CHRONO-THERMAL MEDICINE." • TEN LECTURES on the FALLACIES of the FACULTY, with a full Exposition of the CHRONO-THER 3IAL SYSTEM. By Dr. DICKSON. Price 2s. 6d. Lecture I. Vital Periodicity, or Time and Temperature the basis of the Chrono-thermal Doctrine of Disease.—Lecture 11. Errors in the Treatment of Asthmas, Epilepsy, Palsy, Convulsion, Spasm, Apo plexy, Varicose Veins, Spitting of Blood.—Lecture 111. Ditto in Heart Disease, Consumption, Glandular ,welling, White Swelling, and other Diseases of Joints, Spine, &c.—Lectura IV. Ditto in In flammation. —Lecture V. Ditto in Gout, Rheumatism, Skin Diseases, Dropsy.—Lecture VI. Ditto in Indigestion, Hypochondria, Insanity. Lecture VlL—Diseases of Women, Cancer, Miscarriage, &c.—Lec ture VIII. Animal Magnetism, the Passions,*Homceopathy, Hydro pathy.—Lectures IX. and X. The Chrono-thermal Method of Cure of all Disease. Slmpkin and Marshall, 5, Stationers'-court; J. 0111 vier, 59, Pall mall ; and all Booksellers. Just published, 12m0., price Is., the People's Edition of CONSTIPATION DESTROYED ; or, Ex position of a Natural, Simple, Agreeable, and Infallible Means, not only of Overcoming,but also of completely Destreying habitual Constipation, without using either purgatives or baths (dis covery recently made in France by M. Warton), followed by nume rous certificates from eminent physicians mid other persons of dis tinction. The same edition, free by the post, Is. 6d. Sold by James Youens and Co., Tea-dealers, 45, Ludgate-hill, Lon don ; and by all Booksellers in the United Kingdom. A NEW AND IMPORTANT EDITION OF THE SILENT FRIEND ON HUMAN FRAILTY. Just published p rice 2s. 4and free by post (in a sealed envelope), rice 3s. 6d., THE SILENT FRIEND ; a Medical Work on Human Frailty and Physical Decay, its causes, and the baneful effects of excessive indulgence and infection, illustrated by engravings, with observations on Marriage, and directions for the removal of certain disqualifications. By R. and L PERRY and CO. Published by the Authors, and sold at their Residence, 19, Berner& street, Oxford street ; also by Strange, 21, Paternoster-row; Purkis, Compton-street, Soho ; Noble, 100, Chancery lane ; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford-street; .1. Gordon, 148, Lesidenhall-street, Lon. don; and by all Booksellers in Town and Country. 4 ' OPINIONS OF TIM MESS. We regard the work before us, The Silent Friend,' as a work embracing most clear and practical views of a series of com plaints hitherto little understood, and passed over by the majority of the Medical profession, for what reason we are at a loss to know. Wesaust, however, confess that a perusal of this work has left such a favourable impression on our minds, that we not only recommend, but cordially wish every one w h o i s the victim of past folly, or suffer. ing from indiscretion, to profit by the advice contained in its pages." Age and Argus. The Authors of The Silent Friend,' seem to be thoroughly conversant with the treatment of a class of complaints which are, we fear, too prevalent in the present day. The perspicuous style in which this book is written, and the valuable hints it conveys to those who are apprehensive of entering the marriage stale, cannot fail torecemmend it to a careful perusal."—Era. The CORDIAL BALM of SYRIACUM is exclusively directed for the cure of nervous and muscular debility, impuissance, &e. Price lie. and Ms. per bottle. Sold by all Medicine Vendors, of whom may be had the " Silent Friend." The Five Pound Cases raay be had as usual. PERRY'S PURIFYING SPECIFIC PILLS are the most effbctua cure for syphilis and secondary symptoms in both sexes, price 2s. 9d. 4s. 6d., and I Is, per box. Consultation fee, if by letter, 11. A minute detail of cases is ne cessary. Messrs. Perry are in daily attendance, for Consultation, at their residence, 19, Berners-street, Oxford-street, London, from Eleven till Two, and Five till Eight, a n d on S un d.. ys from Ten till Twelve. One personal visit only is necestaary to effect a permanent cure t=== On Wednesday l as t t h e L ord Mayor acce*=pted the invitation of the General Purposes Committee to dine at Masons'-hall Tavern, White-alley, Coleman-street, when Mr. Bailey, the proprietor of the tavern, prepared a most splendid. entertainment. Deputy Stevens, who has been for many years one of the most popular and in fluential members of the Corporation, presided upon the occasion, and was supported by Deputy Peacock, the popular member for Bishepsgate, and several others of the Court. His Lordship was received in the warmest manner, and responded to the toast of " His health" in such a manner as drew down the strongest expressions of applause front the company. ///gAtee,, from their having . gage to pay rents (- ios. a quarter, while. it. And all that,. -; tax, and other device& run aftei,." is just' poor farmei,s- to the subjeeVof if the farmers. itieL,A.---- iltivating thelelarld. " i f one parish trooping :ear, hear.) Another suicide occurred the ;yslip, which contains only 100 men em ployed, at Bs. or 10s. a week. Suppose it is 10s.; this only amounts to 501. a week, or 2,5001. a year, of wages paid upon 700 acres of land. Why the smallest of your individual concerns pay about as much wages as that parish of 700 acres. Do you suppose that land can be well cultivated ? No ; there can be neither proper ploughing, harrowing, nor sowing going on. And what will be the conse quence ? Just the same as has always ensued. In three years after an abundant crap, without an ex ception, I believe, since 1815, when this system of corn-laws began, we have had a reaction, or some thing like a famine; and you have the seeds of that scarcity sowing now. It will come as assuredly as we exist; and when it does come, in consequence of the increase of the population, and the extension of your mills (for they are building mills elsewhere as well as at Rochdale), you will be caught with a severer check, a much greater amount of suffering and disaster than you have ever been before. Now, this is the motive why you should. work while you have the sunshine, and not neglect the present oppor tunity—(Applause)—and I am glad to know that in good seasons or in bad seasons, in prosperity or in adversity, the people of Rochdale are always true to this as to other sound principles, and that you at least are determined, if your exertions can avert it, that the system of corn• laws shall not continue to bring upon this district those heai i ty disasters which only within the last three or four years it has been our misery to undergo. The Hon. Gentleman sat down amidst enthusiastic cheering. Wrizram BROWN, Esq. (late candidate for the re presentation of South Lancashire), was next called upon, and received with great enthusiasm. We give an extract from his speech. During his late canvas, he stated, on several occasions, some facts regarding the commercial position of this country with the United States of America, and with their permission he would now further allude to the subject. - In 1805, 1806, and 1807, our exports to that country were nearly 8,000,0001. per annum. The popula tion of that country was then six millions. It was nearly one-third of the whole export trade of the kingdom, if we took the official value. Embargos, orders in council, and other decrees, interrupted the trade for several years after that ; and in 1815 came those abominable corn-laws, which were daily shut ting us out of the best markets of the world, and, by inducing retaliation, were a positive injury not only to the manufacturers of this country, but to the par ties for whose protection and advantage they were designed.—(Applause.) Looking at the intercourse of this country with the United States from 1633 to 1837, he found that our exports had increased from 7,900,0001. to 8,400,0001., while in the succeeding five years it had fallen to 6,467,086/., and in the succeed ing year (1842) to 3,528,0001.--(Hear, hear.) And when he told the meeting that our corn-laws, and our heavy duties on tobacco and timber, had induced them to retaliate, by encouraging manufactures at home, so that it had been recently ascertained, on the authority of statistics collected by Government itself, that those home manufactures amounted to 50,000,0001. sterling per annum, and that they had engaged at work no less than 2,585 fulling mills, and 1,420 woollen ma nufactories, it would be seen to what an extent we had been injured by our unwise and insane protective policy.—(Hear, hear.) But the markets of the United States would not have been long limited to even this population ; the population there was increasing at the rate of 35 per cent., and ere the end of a century would probably be equal to about 100 millions ; and these were people we should not have sacrificed our trade with, when the only obstacle to their continuing to deal with us was the condition that we should take in payment that which alone they were able to pay with.—(Hear, hear.) He might give them some idea of what our trade with the States might ultimately have reached, when he told them that one of its rivers alone (the Mississippi), with its tributaries and streams, had a shore to which our goods might have been carried of upwards of 58,000 miles.—(Hear.'") And did the landed interest pretend that our trade with that country would not have promoted their prosperity ? Why, commerce had made them what they were—(Hear, hear)— and upon what principle would they argue that its further prosperity would work to their injury ? It might be interesting to consider what a people under prosperous circum stances could consume of agricultural produce, and he found it stated that the consumption of the people of the United States amounted to about 27 bushels of grain per head, with five bushels of potatoes, while the consumption of this country was only 16 bushels of grain, with a proportionate amount of potatoes.— (Hear, hear.) The landowners fell into the error of supposing that the consumption of the people was a fixed quantity; the example of the United States showed that the consumption of a people in food, as well as in other things, was in proportion to their means.—(Hear, hear.) He found that the total number of houses in the United States was 1,300.000. s' while in England we fiacl --- 849,14i—not " halTil; quantity in proportion to the population. He denied the argument of the monopolists, that as we relaxed in our restrictions on commerce other countries would adopt a more stringent course, and as evidence he would point to the opinion expressed by the Prussian Minister on the subject, and to that of Mr. Adding ton, the American Minister; and even if Mr. Clay, who was in favour of the retaliative system, were elected President, he much doubted if he would be able to carry out his object.—(Hear, hear.) Mr. BRIGHT, M.P., was received with most vehe ment cheering. After it had subsided, he said, amongst other things, the passing of the Reform B:11 did little or nothing to promote the repeal of the corn law. After that Bill passed, Lord Melbourne him self declared that no Ministry could touch the corn laws without settling its own doom ; and from the experience we have had since we may be quite sure that what he said was perfectly correct. But the scene seems altogether to have change'i now. We have no sense of hopelessness now ; everything around us betokens that we are coming to the end of our labours.—(Applause.) We find accessions to our ranks every day, every hour, and defections from the ranks of our opponents; and we, who formerly durst scarcely raise our voices in favour of this great prin ciple of industry, now find that there is no intelligent man in the country who upholds any opposite prin ciple, except upon some ground of temporary expedi ency. Political questions such as those which oc cupied the minds of this people some twelve or fifteen years ago, are of that exciting character as rather to drive the people from contemplating, with all the at tention which they deserve, questions of an econo mical character ; and yet it may be asserted, without fear of contradiction, that on questions of political economy the existence and the prosperity of this country depend. We may have a government main taining order—that I hold to be its first duty—and distributing justice with somewhat of impartiality to all the people ; that I hold to be also a very high and important duty of a government; but we must have a government also which understands questions of political economy, and those principles which serve to preserve the national industry free; or, whatever be the theory of the Constit4ion, it is utterly impos sible that we should advanchnd be permanently pros perous.—(Loud applause.) Now we must bear in mind that the tyrannies of this age are not of the same character as those which existed in ages that are past. Our forefathers had to contend sword in hand for the liberties which they possessed ' • they were aitacked by the sword, and they defended them selves by the sword; and many liberties, no doubt, they preserved, which, under the circumstances, per haps, could not have been otherwise secured. Bar barous ages had barbarous means of action. In this age, however, wrong and bloodshed are, to some ex tent, avoided, and we have tyranny coming before us in another shape, feebler as it becomes older ; but if feebler much more subtle.—(Applause.) We have tyranny, cunning plausible, deceitful, insidious, through the means of Acts of Parliament ; and, under the pretence of benefiting a people, the most precious of the national rights are in vaded.—(Applause.) Now, our grievances are, for the most part, of a class that may be termed economical. 'We shall have other questions to settle, doubtless, when the corn-law question i i s disposed of; but there is no question in which the people of this country have so immediate and direct a concern as in the question of that trade. —(Hear, hear.) Th e re are other public questions in some degree affecting the liberty of the subject, or the liberty of conscience, but they are not actually qu estions of that concernment that you cannot live until they are settled ; but this is one, without the settlement of which a large proportion of the people are pauperised and pressed down, so that from a vast multitude of persons you can receive almost no assistance in the battle you are waging with those above you for other rights of which you are de prived.—(Applause.) The existence of monopolie s, and the unfair distribution of the national impost?, appear to me to be those evils with which we have more to do than with anything else. We have liberty in this country equalling the liberty of all other countries in some respects. We have the liberty cf thought ; we are free to speak, free to write, free to meet to discuss all questions of national importance, and we may agitate and combine, and, by all peaceable means, force the Government into the views which ' we entertain. But though we have all this liberty... a liberty which few natiens possess to so great an ex- <}, -y1 A. am