The Sun. — London, England, 1844-05-16 00:00:00

Cbtrb Mbition SUN OFFICE, Seven o' Clock. TATTERSALL'S.-THIS EVENING. QUARTER TO SIX O'CLOCK. DERBY. 5 to 2 agst Ugly Buck 7 to 2 agst Ratan—taken 12 to 1 agst Orlando 12 to 1 agst Bay blomus 15 to 1 agst Leander: 20 to 1 agst Running Rein 20 to 1 agst Akbar 25 to 1 agst lonian 30 to 1 agst Qui Tam 7 to 1 agst Barricado 7 to 1 agst Princess 7 to 1 agst Sister to Martingale 11 to 1 agst Merope 12 to 1 agst All-round-my-Hat 20 to 1 agst The Bee SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNA FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF THIS DAT. GLOBE.—When the Whigs were in office the mem bers and adherents of the present Government were in cessant in their attacks upon the way in which Ireland was ruled. The administration of justice—the exer cise of the Royal prerogative of mercy by her Majesty's representative—every act which pertained to the func tions of the executive, were rigidly investigated for the purpose of discovering whether any feasible pretext for a party assault upon the Government could be made in either House of Parliament. The tables are now turned upon themselves. Retributive justice commends the poisoned chalice back to their own lips. That which they imputed, without cause, to the admi nistration of their predecessors, is dealt back. This difference is, however, discoverable. Their attacks were the result of a factious desire to obstruct the Government in its equitable administration ; and thus prevent the beneficial results of the sys tem that was practically condemning their own partial, and therefore inefficient, dispensation. Thus they fostered the discontents of the great mass of the people. The manifest intimation, too obvious to be mistaken, made to the favoured few by the underlings of the Government, that the many were to be pushed aside and disregarded whenever the interests or inclination of the former could be served or gratified by sacrificing the latter, produced their natural effects. On the one hand, the people relapsed into gloomy dislike ; showed a disposition to confederate against the Government which treated them with neglect, and handed them over to oppression ; while, on the other, the Government had recourse to the old system of employing secret agencies to de tect crime ; and these secret agencies, in many in stances, have actually prompted the commission of the very offences they were employed to discover. It is a fact, which the records of the criminal courts in Ireland fully demonstrate, that since the accession of the present Government there have been more instances of crimes committed by policemen and other Government agents, in order to fasten them upon innocent parties, and offences committed at the instigation of those who were employed by the Govern ment authorities to detect offenders, than were supplied during the entire period of the Grey and Melbourne Ad ministrations. The speech of Lord Normanby on Tues day evening, on moving for papers connected with the recent dismissal of Mr. Gray, a police inspector in Ireland, affords a striking illustration of the injurious effects of the spy system, which has been revived in Ire land under the present Government. A man named Osborne had been apprehended by the police in the act of singing, and offering for sale, a ballad which was regarded as seditious. He was taken before Mr. Gray, who ordered him to find bail to answer the charge at the assizes. The purpose contemplated by the inspector was, it seems, to convict the printer of the ballad. To secure the ballad-vendor's evidence against him, he was committed to gaol. A correspondence was subsequently opened upon the subject by Mr. Gray with the Secretary's office at the Castle. The object was to obtain the sanction of the Government to the man's release; and the reason assigned for this was, that the Crown would not thus be deprived of the benefit of his evi dence against the printer. The " law adviser" of the Castle authorities declined to release the ballad-seller; and intimated that other evidence against the printer might be easily obtained. This hint was, it seems, understood, and acted upon. The very course taken by the police inspector is an illustra tion of the .system. A police-constable is provided with the disguise of a beggar-man; he is supplied with the manuscript of the song he is directed to purchase ; and is dispatched to the ballad printer with his in structions. The ballad was not to be obtained, the whole of the copies having been disposed of ; but it might be reprinted—as it was ; and the printer prosecuted. To get it printed was, it is said, no part of the policeman's instructions. But as Mr. Gray, acting upon Mr. Brewster's hint, went rather beyond what the letter of his " opinion and advice" really justified, so the constable went a little further than the inspec tor intended he should proceed. This is invariably the case. When it is understood that a course of pro ceeding, not justified by the open and honest adminis tration of justice, is that which a Government recog. nises as its mode of bringing offenders to punishment there will be no lack of indiscretion in those who are employed to carry such instructions into effect. Mr. Gray gave a liberal interpretation to Mr. Brewster's intimation ; and the police-constable went about his secret mission with more zeal than Mr. Gray expected or designed. The ballad-printer was entrapped into the commission of an offence against the law by those whose duty it was to prevent, and not to prompt the perpetration of crime. The affair got wind. The Government was compelled to investigate the circum stances. The result was, that Mr. Gray was dismissed. What we most wonder at is, that the Castle authorities did not see that, in punishing Mr. Gray with dismissal, they admitted the vice of the system which they act upon. The "other evidence" suggestion of Mr. Brewster was the origin of the whole business. If Mr. Gray was held guilty for employing the police man to entrap the printer, he was only criminal in a secondary degree. Mr. Brewster, and the Go vernment which employs him, are the principal offenders. When Toryism is in the ascendant, there will never be a lack of crime in Ireland. The agents it there employs are frequently inciters to, or perpetrators of, the offences ; and the system on which it acts is the prolific source of the discontent, disturbances, and alarm which harass the country. STANDARD.—The news from the United States came yesterday upon the newspaper-reading public as a refreshing shower in a dry season. Nothing indeed can be so dull as the political horizon has been for the last year or two. Peace, peace, peace, everywhere ; no prospect of stirring events, or critical situations, in any part of the world. Lord Palmerston is sadly missed, and his Lordship's political demise has reason to be as much lamented by " our order" as the death of Sultan Amuratla was lamented by the owls of Bagdad—for whom, blessed be his memory, he " provided so many ruined villages." Let us not, however, make too much of the windfall, seasonable as it is. The Senate of the United States may not, after all, ratify the treaty for the annexation, and if it should, the affair is still no such great matter. Vis units fortior no doubt, but it must be vis, not weakness, the union of which constitutes strength. The things capable of an indefinite augmentation are those which increase by every the least addition, as time, quantity, - number. With other things it is quite the reverse. The in tensity of a colour, white for example, is not improved but diminished by the addition of a less white shade; and such is eminently the case with regard to nations and parties in political warfare. The addi tion of a weaker ally is in most cases an addition not of strength, but of weakness. Of such an addition of weakness, the annexation of Texas would seem to pre sent a remarkable example. The sources of weakness to the United States are, too many slaves, too many State debts, too great an extent of frontier, too little reputation for honesty in pecuniary transac tions, and—may we be pardoned for saying it—a disposition to retrograde in manners, morals, and religion. Of this last unhappy characteristic we might not be disposed to speak, were it not forced upon the attention of every one by the late scene of complex brutality in Congress, where one member "made a pass at another " in the ardour of debate, and one of the servants of the Assembly was shot in the thigh in an attempt to pistol another member on the floor of the house. Now these things—slavery, debt, exces sive frontier, want of character for honesty, want of civili sation and morals—disable any country from offensive or even defensive war; a country afflicted by them, though in the compact grasp of an energetic tyrant, could do little. How utterly feeble must such a country be, with only that shadow of government which affects tSot exerci se States the sovereign authority in the United But ,e x ss , s hat is the portion that the States will have with la ? More slaves, more State debts, more frontier, and certainly they will not improve their cha racter for honesty by a transaction which two of the leading statesmen of the Commonwealth, Mr. Clay and Mr. Van Buren, characterise as a gross outrage, and a violation of public faith. The valued pavaluetd part of the portion slave of Texas is, however, the Texas is adopted, so eminently fitted by situation and climate to serve the purpose (we write the words with di sgust ), o f a b reed i ng farm for negrces; and probably the facilities b which it affords to the Cuba slave smuggler, t o ac g uegm h u i s s i States, tsait coen i is con traband freight of human beings into t e r te n not wholly disregarded among the that seem to recommend the proposed The annexation of Texas, if completed, w il l neees.. sarily confirm the United States as a slave country for ever, or, at least, until freedom shall vindicate herself by some violent convulsion. But, independently of all other considerations, there is to a loosely connected confederacy a danger consequent upon increase of terri tory that does not in the same degree, if at all, affect countries subject to any other form of govern ment,—the danger, that the parts will fall asunder from rivalry or from any other incompatibility. This danger very seriously threatened the Republic from the side of the northern provinces during the last year of the .late war with this country, and again in the case of the Carolina nullification proceedings ; but it is obviously a danger which must continue to in crease in a ratio far b yond that of the extension of territory. Like the houses which children build of cards, after they have reached a certain height, some one addition, ho wever :li g ht, is sure to destroy the ba lance of their scarcely connected materials, and they all fall to the ground. It is for this reason that nothing short of a stern despotism can hold together a great empi re of homogeneous parts, because in such an emp ire th ere must al ways grow up sooner or later, rivalship and opposition of interests. The possibility of:England maintaining at the same time her vast empire and her OAKS• free institutions, arises from this, that her empire is not homogeneous, but so varied that the parts of it cor respond one to the other, and all, without emulation or , collision, co-operate to the common prosperity. To return to Texas—if we were enemies to the - United States, we should most earnestly desire that the annexation may be consummated, for the imme diate effect of that step would be to render it impos sible for the States ever again to disturb other nations by a war, and its not much more remote consequences must be a dissolution of the Commonwealth ; but that, we fear, is inevitable in any event. We are not, how ever, enemies to the United States ; on the other hand, we wish them to enjoy all prosperity, and to deserve it : and therefere we most deeply regret a step that would commit them finally and irrevocably to the practice of slavery. IMPERIAL PARLIAME (THIS EVENING.) HOUSE OF COMMONS. The SPEAKER took the Chair at the usual hour. Mr. O'CONNELL presented a petition from Dublin, praying the House to suspend the Standing Orders with respect to the Dublin and Cashel Railway Bill. Mr. M. O'CONNELL presented a similar petition. Mr. COLLETT presented several petitions from Dublin in favour of the Dublin and Cashel Railway Bill. Mr. EASTCOURT moved that the Committees on the following Bills have leave to report on or before the 18th June next :—Ayr Bridge Bill, Preston and Wyre Dock, &c., Bill, Paisley General Gas Bill, Lakenheath and Brandon Drainage Bill, Monkland Railway (No. 2) Bill, London and South Western Railway (No. 1), and North Wales Mineral Railway Bill.—Agreed to. ASHTON AND STALEY-BRIDGE RAILWAY. Mr. M. GIBSON moved the further consideration of the report on this Bill. Mr. GISBORNE expressed his surprise at the deci sion the Committee on the two competing lines of railway, namely, the Ashton and Sheffield Railway and the Leeds and Manchester and Ashton Railway Bill, had come to in recommending the adoption of both lines. The opinions stated before the Committee showed that Sheffield had made out their case. He was most anxious that no such precedent as this Bill established should be recognised. Mr. LABOUCHERE thought the Hon. Member was right. Some impartial person should be appointed who could decide the points at issue, and he, therefore, approved of what was termed the arbitration clause. After a few words from Lord G. SOMERSET, Mr. HAWES thought the decision was unsatisfactory; it appeared to him that the Committee had sanctioned two lines, while they had taken evidence of the traffic only on one. Mr. GLADSTONE said the question had been re ferred, in fact, to arbitrators from the Board of Trade. He thought the motion could not be entertained on a point of form. The question was whether, on account of the important defect attending the arrangements which had been made, the House would intercept practically the progress of the Bill. If the works could be executed under the clause he did not think there was any objec tion to warrant the House in intercepting the Bill. Mr. V. SMITH defended the conduct of the Com mittee. It wus impossible for the Committee to come to a decision without the evidence of an engineer. The Committee, having satisfied themselves that the arrange ments could be made, decided that the means of carry ing them into effect would be to refer them to a compe tent authority. Mr. J. PARKER disapproved of the new precedent attempted to be introduced, but he was contented to have the clause rather than run the risk of losing the Bill. After a few words from Mr. CLIVE, the Bill was read a second time and ordered to be engrossed. The Chester and Holyhead Bill was read a third time and passed. DUBLIN AND CASHEL RAILWAY. Mr. SHAW presented petitions from Dublin, praying for the suspension of the Standing Orders with respect to the Dublin and Cashel Railway Bill. Mr. M. O'FERRAL presented a similar petition. Mr. SHEIL presented a similar petition from the Chamber of Commerce of Cloamel. Mr. HAMILTON presented a similar petition from Down. Mr. STAFFORD O'BRIEN presented a similar peti tion from Clare. Mr. M. J. O'CONNELL presented similar petitions from Kerry. SEGAR DUTIES., In answer to a question from Mr. EWART, The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER stated that he should not be able to move that the House do 're solve itself into a Committee of the whole House to con sider the question of the Sugar Duties, until Monday June 3. INTERFERENCE OF PEERS AT ELECTIONS. Mr. T. DUNCOMBE postponed the motion of which he had given notice for this evening relative to the in terference of Peers in the elections of Members of Par- liament till this day fortnight. NOTICES OF MOTION. Mr. WARD gave notice that this day fortnight he should move that the House do resolve itself into a Committe of the whole House to consider the subject of the Temporalities of the Irish Church. HILL COOLIES. Lord SANDON moved for returns of extracts of dis patches from the Governor-General of India, on the sub ject of the emigration of Hill Coolies.—Agreed to. COUNTING OUT THE HOUSE. Mr. PAKINGTON hoped he might be allowed, without disrespect to the House in general, or to any Member of it, to complain of what he believed was the unusual and somewhat uncourteous mode in which the House was counted out at half-past four o'clock yester day, before the usual hour of proceeding to business. No one was more willing than himself to agree to what he believed the sense of the House. If it was the opinion of the House that all legislation should be confined to her Majesty's Government he was willing to consent to it, but if upon subjects to which the Government had not leisure to turn their attention legislation could be carried on by the exertion of individual Members, they ought not to be exposed to the sort of impedi ment he met with yesterday. On the Wednesday before there was no House; yesterday it was counted out; and Wednesday next was the Derby day, when, of course, there would be no House again.—(Laughter.) If he was wrong in the grounds he had taken, he should be happy to retract what he had said. He could not complain of any Hon. Member in particular, because he did not know who it was that moved that the House be counted out last night, for he was not aware that it had been counted out until he was told so by an Hon. Friend whom he met in Parliament-street.----(Laughter.) The dropped Orders were then re appointed, and the subject dropped. DISSENTERS' CHAPELS BILL. In answer to a question from Sir T. WILDE, Sir R. PEEL was understood to say that as there were two Orders to-morrow before the Dissenters' Chapels Bill, namely the Customs:Bill and the Factories Bill, and as it was probable, therefore, that the Dissenters' Chapels Bill could not come on for discussion before a late hour, he would propose to read the Bill a second time to-mor row, and take the discussion upon the principle of the Bill on the motion for going ,. into Committee. Dr. BOWRING said there were a great number of persons who were anxious that this Bill should be dis cussed on an early occasion. Sir R. PEEL said the Bill could not be fully diap cussed if brought on at a late hour to-morrow, and therefore he proposed to take the discussion on the motion for going into Committee. NATIONAL EDUCATION IN IRELAND. Mr. M. J. O'CONNELL wished to know from the Right Hon. Gentleman opposite, when the remaining estimates would be:brought forward ? There were two of those—that for National Education on which an increase was to be proposed this year, and upon which some discussion was likely to arise ; there was also the grant to Maynooth, which was an annual subject of discussion. It would be very conve nient to know what time it was intended to bring them on, whether before or after the Whitsun Holidays ? The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said he would give an answer to- morrow. THE WHITSUN HOLIDAYS. . Mr. COLLETT wished to know from the Right Hon. Gentleman when the Whitsun Holidays would begin and end.—( Laugh ter.) Sir R. PEEL said that he proposed that the House shout d adjourn from Friday: week till the Thursday fol lowing. The House would meet on Friday. Mr. MACKINNON begged to ask the Rignt Hon. Baronet (the Secretary of State for the Home Depart ment, whether, if he postponed his motion with respect to prison discipline, he would have any objection to grant certain papers which he required for the purpose of elu cidating the subject ? Sir J. GRAHAM said he was of opinion that the dis cussion of the subject would be attended with the most salutary effects, and if any papers were necessary he would be happy to furnish his Hon. Friend with them before the discussion took place. Mr. MACKINNON then postponed his motion until that day fortnight. THE STATE TRIALS. Mr. T. DUNCOMBE moved for and obtained the following returns :—Return of all monies paid, or to be paid, to Mr. Hodges or any short-hand writer or writers fur notes taken of the proceedings in the Court of Queen's Bench, Dublin, previous to and during or since the trial of The Queen v. O'Connell and others. Also, a return of all moneys paid, or to be paid, for any notes taken of the proceedings at Conciliation Hall, be tween the Ist day of August, 1843, and the present time. PROMOTION IN THE NAVY. Sir CHARLES NAPIER rose to bring before the House the present state of the naval establishment of the country. He did so entirely from a regard to the in terests of the service. He had studied this subject since the time of the war, and he thought that in the present state of the navy list, it would be impossible to carry on a war with vigour, in consequence of the advanced age of the superior officers of the nay. subject before the House,ln 1842 he brought the moved that admirals of advanced age should retire upon a pension of 50s. a day. Ho brought on that • the 22d of March. In 1843 he brought the subject again on' before the House, and his motion was seconded b a y g ( t a L l i s n e er yo i ble Lord, the Member for South Staffordshire received a severe reprimand from the Hon. Baronet who site. The question was one quite unconnected withne oppo site. politics. Whatever Ministers might be sitting upon the Treasury benches, whether they were Whigs or whether they were Tories, they seeemed to be equally inattentive to the interests of the navy. He had alluded to the subject • when the navy estimates were brought forward in 1843, and the Right Hon. Baronet had stated that there had previously been a retired list, but that it had been abo -1 i lished by recommendati on of the Commission. Now, the Right Hon. Baronet had spoken tke truth in stating this, but he had not spoken the whole truth. He had . not told the 11011S0 that officer 3 were forced to put them. TH,B SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, MAY 16, 1844. disposed for conversation. be dull and silent ; and when ever you see that he is interested in what he is talking about, especially if he wishes you to attend to him, keep yawning. Ttere are two ways of discharging your house hold duties. If you are languid and listless, you may let them alone; f not ab:e, you should be continually turn ing the house topsy-turvy, under pretence of setting it to rights. You can either let your servants do just as they please; or yos may be continually in the kitchen, looking after them. Ia the latter case, scold them freently, and in an audible voice, so as to be heard up-stairs. Never think of looking to your husband's shirt-buttons; leave that to the laundress; or. if you must attend to his linen, superintend your washing in person, and have frequent water-parties; aild, especially in winter, always have the clothes dried be fore the parlour fire. If your husband has to go out to a business dinnu, or to the play, never let him have the latch key ; and should he, on any occasion, stay out late, send the servant to bed sit up for him yourself, and make a merit of the sacrifice to" the wretch." Have a female confidant, who will instruct yiu in all the ill qualities of husbands generally, and will supply any deficiencies in the above hints. In conclusion, beir these grand principles in mind—that men must be crossed and thwarted continually, or they are sure to be tyrants—that a woman, to have her rights, must stand up for them—and that the behaviour which won a man's affectiois is by no means necessary to preserve them. —Punch. -- _ selves upon the retired list to which he had alluded. The system bad been instituted by Lord Howe, and it had continued until the Duke of Clarence had been appointed Lord High Admiral, when an alteration bad taken place. The Duke of Clarence had adopted a more just principle. He had adopted the principle that no officer should be promoted to a flag who had not served either four years in time of war, five years in time of war and peace, or six years in time of peace. That retired list was not a voluntary retired list —it was formed of officers who had not inte rest enough to procure employment afloat. It was in fact a punishment upon officers for not having suffi cient interest with the Government to procure employment. The Commission had recommended that all these officers should be taken off the retired list, and allowed the rank of Rear-Admiral, Vice-Admiral. and Admiral, but without enjoying the pay. When he asked the Right Hon. Baronet to give him a retired list, it was a moderate proposal, and he was only surprised and astonished that the Right Hon. Baronet found 138 Gentlemen to support him in such a thing. What ! he asked, was to allow officers of sixty years of age to retire upan 1001. a year. They had now ten officers retired to Green which Hospital upon 801. a year ; and he proposed to increase it to 1001. a year. The Gallant Com modore then referred to the Report of the Commis sioners, and stated that he read it in order that the House might understand what the retired list was. It was necessary that he should show the House what was the lamentable state of the British navy at the present moment. The Honourable and Gallant Commodore then referred to the state of the navy in 1815 and 1818. He was aware that Government could not help many of the evils which existed, but still be thought they ought to take some steps to put an end to them, and bestow rewards with impar tiality. He was actually shocked when he looked at the returns of the respective ages of the officers of the navy. That list showed there were only two ad mirals and nine vice-admirals under 70 years of age ; twenty-five rear-admirals under 65, and fifteen under 60 years of age. Of the two hundred captains in that list, thirty were between 70 and 75 years; forty-eight between 65 and 70; sixty-one between 60 and 65 years of age; and fifty-one under 60 years of age; whilst the youngest was 52 years of age. (LEFT SPEAKING.) GRAND WEEKLY ANTI-CORN-L AW LEAGUE INCREASE OF DOG-STEALING. The New Epot ling Magazine, for this month, contains a paper on the increase of the crime of dog-stealing, which is now carried out on a perfect system, by which contributions to an almost incredible amount are levied on those who value a favourite four-footed companion more than they do a tolerably heavy sum in hard cash. So great has Vie evil become, that application is to be made to Parliament for an Act making dog-stealing a felony, and putting that animal on the same footing as the horse. The paper gives some curious details con nected with the practice, or with what may be called the statistics of dog-stealing. The following sketch is also given of the rise and progress of the plan for applying a remedy by legal means .—" The idea of first petitioning the House of Commons to have this Act of Parliament passed, originated with that well-known and eccentric character, Mr Bishop, of Bond-street, the justly cele brated gun-maker ; the petition being signed by great numbed of the first nobility and gentry in the country. In his inner sh - ip—or rather studio, as it may be termed —is held at all seasons of the year, till grouse-shooting rather thins its daily attendants, a kind of sporting levee, where the merits not only of guns, but all de scriptions of sporting dogs, are talked over by their various owners or admirers; the conversation being ren dered doubly agreeable by the accompaniment of a large brown loaf and 'ripe Stilton,' and divers foaming pots of Barclay and Perkins' entire. Now The Bishop,' is, and has been for about 30 years—that is to say, as long as he has been upon the town,' or rather before the public —an eccentric character ; from his long attachment to all descriptions of fun pervading this great and tasteful metropolis, whilst his acquaintance with innumerable ' queer characters' of every grade has given him an insight into society rarely to be met with in any man, however long an apprenticeship he may have served. Many of the unfortunate attendants at the aforesaid levee, having been deprived of their favourite dogs by the hands of the dog-stealers on whom we have been descanting, applied, in the moments of their distress, to Mr. Bishop for his advice in the matter, himself hay ing been a fellow-sufferer, and, to regain his favourite, having been mulcted by these harpies in a considerable fine upon the occasion. His knowledge of the town and of many of the queer characters' of whom I spoke, has enabled him to get some of the stolen dogs restored to their owners, upon paying, through the medium of a third person, a most exorbitant and shame ful ransom. This part of the transaction is generally negotiated by a man who may be termed the Jonathan Wild of ' the fancy;' who prefers neglecting his busi ness by seeking after the enormous profits arising from the degrading and rascally negotiations above alluded to. Since Mr. Bishop has become an accidental assistant in many of these canine transactions, not only has the levee become daily increased in the interior of the studio, but numbers of carriages may be seen in the morning, containing ladies, anxiously inquiring if any thing has been heard about their Floras or Phillises." The following is a slight outline of the amount of the ransoms paid for the lives and liberty of the canine favourites:—" The immense sums of money which have been lately paid for the restoration of stolen dogs is per fectly incredible: the large amount of 900/. and up wards has been extorted upon these occasions alone where Mr. Bishop has personally interfered for the restitution of the stolen property, in some instances for dogs, which have been stolen twice, and even more fre quently. Amongst those persons who have been suf ferers, may be enumerated his Royal Highxess the Duke of Cambridge, 301.; Wyndham Bruce, Esq., 251.; Capt. Alexander, First Life Guards, 221.; and many others, too numerous to insert in these pages." — Ashocicing accident occurred at Blenheim Palace on Tuesday. News arrived in the afternoon of the birth of a son by the Marchioness of Blandford. Some can non in the park were fired off in honour of the event, when a young man named Henry Summer, who was em ployed in discharging one of the guns, proceeded to re load the same without, unfortunately, having cleaned it; having put in the charge, it ignited from some fire left in the gun, at once exploded, and blew off both his bands. He was speedily removed to the Radcliffe Infir mary. Oxford, with very slight hopes of his surviving. His age is twenty-five, and he has a wife and two children A NEW TRICK. The following statement may have the effect of pu ting persons upon their ward, and prevent them from being defrauded, under similar circumstances : A short time back an advertisement appeared in some of the papers, offering for sale a splendid modern phx ton, which was represented to have been very little used, and to be sold, under peculiar circumstances, at a very great sacrifice. A gentleman, who was in want of such a vehicle, went to the place indicated in the adver tisement, where he received the address of the seller, and in due time the vehicle was shown to him, and to appearance it was all that could be desired. The paint and varnish was in excellent condition, the tyers of the wheels seemed nearly new, and the rivet-heads were not in the least - awn ; in fact, the carriage had all the ap pearance of an excellent article, and the gentleman who doaired to purchase, readily conse nted to give thirty-five guineas for it. He directed it to be sent to a livery-stable in the neighbourhood on the next day, where it was arranged he should send a cheque for the amount. The carriage was sent, of course, but, fortunately, in the meantime something had occurred which induced the purchaser to delay sending the cheque. Upon the carriage being 'washed, the man who was employed for that purpose fancied something was not right about the vehicle, and he informed the master of the yard, and his examination confirmed the original suspicion. The result was, that a coach maker was sent for, in order that the vehicle might be properly examined, and it was then discovered that a most gross fraud had been attempted. The axle trees, which had all the appearance of being patent, were found to be, in reality, of the commonest kind, the woodwork was of the most paltry description, and, upon a more minute examination, it was discovered that it was literally "stopped up" with putty, painted and varnished over in every direction. Upon this dis covery, the vehicle was sent back; but the owner, or rather the party entrusted with the sale of it, was not to be defeated so easily, and he had the temerity to talk of instituting legal proceedings to recover the amount for which the vehicle had been sold, and the preliminary steps to an actian were actually commenced. In the meantime another advertisement appeared, which there was some reason to believe referred to the same vehicle, and the gentleman who would have been the victim gave directions to the same coachmaker to answer it ; and upon his desiring to see the advertised vehicle, he was introduced to the one he had formerly seen, but which had been " re-puttied," and strengthened by iron .tays in one or two places where, when he saw it be fore, he had pointed out that it was actually fall ing to pieces. The party was expatiating, with great warmth, upon the value and genuineness of the article, little knowing who he was addressing, when he was cut short by the coachmaker telling him his business, and at the same time informing him that he had seen the " valuable article" before, and pointed out where it had been doctored up after the former ex amination. It is hardly necessary to say that this was a complete damper, and that no more law proceedings have been heard of. It is understood that there are a set of fellows who get their living by frauds of this de scription, and that horse-chaunting having become a little stale, they have resorted to chaunting vehicles, and however unsound the chaunter's horses may have been, it is'doubtful whether the vehicles are not more so; in fact, they are made up " to sell," and many unlucky purchasers have found to their cost that their " nearly new" vehicle, after three or four times using, has, lite rally, tumbled to pieces. CRICKET. The "Alphabetical Match" was played at "Lord's" on Monday, when some excellent hitting was made by Mr. A. George, who, for many years, has been a suc cessful member of the Clapton and Montpelier Clubs, Mr. R. Barker, another new member of the Marylebone Club ; Captain Smith, Mr. Kynaston, Mr. R. P. John soe, Dean, and Royston. The result of the first in nings of each party was that the " A to K" scored 79, whilst the "L to Z' fell short of that number by 6 only. It was thus far a very good match. The score was— - A. TO If- R. P. Johnson, Esq., c. Smith b. Dean . 0 not out l9 Capt. Drake b. Royston 3 leg b. wkt. b. Dean 0 A. K. George, Esq., b. Dean l9 b. Dean 0 Hillyer b. Dean 6 b. Royston Good b. Royston 6 c. Dean b. Royston 4 B. Kynaston, Esq., c. Royston b. Dean Hn. R. Grintston c. Moise b. Dean 0 b. Royston A. Haygarth, Esq., c. Moise b. Royston R. Barker, Esq., not out ...... E. Hartopp, Esq., b. Royston.... 1 Bulwer, Esq., b. Royston 4 G. A. Hicks, Esq., b. Royston Byes 3, wide 4 79 L. TO Z. Marshall, Esq., bowled Good 1 Capt. Smith b. Good C. Morse, Esq., c. Bulwer b. Hillyer ...... Sir T. Moncrieffe b. Ilillyer 0 Royston c. Haygarth b. Good W. Mills, Esq., c. Haygarth b. Good. ..... Dean c. Good b. Hillyer Hon. W. Neville b. Good Capt. Mackinnon b. Hillyer ... 0 E. Wilmott, Esq., b. Good Capt. Price, not out B yvs 7 Such was the state of the game at the moment of Sailing the wickets at half-past seven o'clock, when it was understood that the match would not be further proceeded with. MORE HINTS TO MAKE HOME HAPPY. To WIVES.—Your first consideration before marriage was how to please your lover. Consider any such endeavour after marriage to be unnecessary and ridiculous ; and, by way of amends for your former labour, let your sole object be to please yourself. fie at no pains to look well of a morning. Along toilet is tiresome, particularly when it is cold. "Taking the hair out" occupies nearly ten minutes ; come down to break fast, therefore, in curl papers, also in a flannel dressing-gown, and, unless you expect callers, remain in dishabille all day. Husbands are nobodies, and comfort is to be studied before appearance. But are you to neglect your attire alto gether ? By no means. Indulge your taste in dress to the utmost. Be always buying something new ; never mind the expense of it. Payments belong to husbands. If you see a shawl or bonnet in a window, order it. Should a silk or a muslin attract your eye, desire it to be sent home. Does a feather, a riband, a jewel, strike your fancy? purchase it instantly. If your husband is astonished at the bill, pout ;if he remonstrates, cry. But do not spoil your finery by domes tic wear. Reserve it for promenades and parties. It is the admiration of society that you should seek for, not your husband's. Be constantly seeing tables chairs, window cur tains, and other furniture which you like better than your own, and insist upon their being got. Want to get rid of your old piano, and have a new one. If your husband keeps a carriage for you, desire a better ; if he doe,‘ not, and can not afford it, complain. Whenever your desires exceed his means look unhappy, and hint how much more advan tageously you might have married. Never smile and hope for better things, but make your husband feel as keenly as you can the inadequacy of his means to support you. Practise, however, a reasonable economy. Take every op portunity of making a cheap purchase, and when asked of what use it is, reply that is " a bargain." Enjoy ill health, be very nervous, and, in particular, subject to fits, which you are to fly into as often as your husband is unkind ; that is, whenever he reasons with you. Make the most of every little ache or pain, and insist upon having a fashionable phy sician. There is something very elegant in illness; a pretti ness in a delicate constitution ; affect this attraction, if you have it not ; men admire it exceedingly. Put yourself un der no restraint in your husband's presence ; sit, 1011, or lie, in just sentiment posture,u s tw h notat t o t ot w hi a et 3 3 - 8 r y o ga u lcee ;. like, LeNe. l ea o rv o e k i mn n i in g c ed t o hi n eos l fw 3, t o . oc uo t n h v e er se express a s a o o ny f oa t un h r de self; why should wives be articular?p When your husband wishes to read or be quiet keep chattering to him ; the more frivol= and iutilatere4tia3g the tiublect -the better. If he is UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE OXFORD, MAY 11.—A Fellowship is vacant in Magdalen College, which is open to graduates of this University who are natives of Lincolnshire. It will be filled up on the 25th of July next, being the festival of St. James. Gentlemen who desire to be candidates, are requested to call on the Pre sident between the 18th and 21st of July. They mast bring with them a copy of their baptismal register, and a testimo nial of good conduct from the College to which they belong. There will be exercises in the Divinity School, for the degree of Bachelor in Divinity, on Monday and Tuesday next, at three o'clock. Respondent, the Rev. T. Nicholl, of Worcester College. Subjects-1. Our Lord Jesus Christ came not to deßt.ea the idier, IssAt to f‘ilal it. 2. The nil reel,. of our Lord are a satisfactory evidence of his divine mission. On Tuesday, the 21st instant, a convocation will be holden to elect a scholar on the foundation of C. Viner, Esq., to pro mote the study of common law. Stipend, 301. per annum, tenable for ten years. At the next meeting of the Ashmolean Society, Dr. Dau beny will read notes by Captain Widdington and himself on the Natural History of Spain. The Rev. T. L. Claughton, of Trinity College, has been ap pointed an Examiner in Theology, and the Rev. P. C. Claughton, of University College, and the Rev. E. Cockey, of Wadham College, Examiners in Arts in the University of Durham. The Lord Bishop of Exeter has presented the Rev. H. G. Adams to the Vicarage of Cornwood, Devon—value, 4051. per annum. The Rev. H. W. Rawlings has presented the Rev. Dr. E. Everard to the Perpetual Curacy of Bishop's Hall, Somerset shire—value' 1221. per annum. The Rev. E. Goddard has presented the Rev. T. L. Fel- Isms to the Perpetual Curacy of Lingwood, Norfolk—value, 551. per annum. The Earl of Lichfield has presented the Rev. J. Gunton to the Rectory of Marsham, Norfolk—value, 281/. per annum. H. Holloway, Esq., has presented the Rev. 0. Sadler to the Rectory of Brancaster, Norfolk—value 9791. per annum. The Hon. J. Talbot has presented the Rev. C. W. A. Na pier:to the Vicarage of Evercreech, Somerset—value, 2261 per annum. Sir E. B. Smyth, Batt, has presented the Rev. W. W Hobson to the United Perpetual Curacies of Hales and Heck: ingham, Norfolk—value together, 63/. per annum. ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY.—The anniversary meet ing was held on Saturday, at the rooms in Grafton-street, the Right lion. the Earl of Auckland, late Governor-General of India, President, in the chair. The report of the council gave a gratifying account of the Society's proceedings, which had been conducted without trenching upon the accumulated funds. Much stress was laid upon the desir ableness of obtaining public apartments free of expense, and for the Society to enjoy the same advantages as other public scientific societies. Amongst the losses which the So ciety had experienced by death was the Hon. J. R. Morri son, interpreter to the English Government in China ; the Hon. G. Turnour, late in her Majesty's civil service in Cey lon; Dr. Rossellini, the celebrated Egyptian antiquarian of Pisa, &c. The progress made by the Oriental Translation Fund was stated as very satisfactory, several new works having been added to the list, amongst which was the Da bistan, an account from an old Persian author of all religions and creeds. This, which was considered a remarkable work, is published in three vols. Bvo. A second donation of 1001. towards the objects of the Society, was announced from J. Alexander, Esq. The Earl of Auckland was re-elected president, and the various viols-presidents and officers were appointed. BRUTAL ACT OF CRUELTY TO A LAME.--EXTRA. ORDINARY DECISION OF A MAGISTRATE.—On Tuesday, two men of decent appearance, named William Smith, of No. 76, Salisbury-street, Portman-market, St. Marylebone, and Richard Jeffs, of No. 13, David-street, York-place, iaker street, Portman-square, were brought up in the custody of the police before the Rev. Dr. Walmesley, the sitting ma gistrate at New Brentford, charged with having wilfully and maliciously killed a lamb, the property of a farmer named George, at Hanger - hill , Ealing. It appeared from the evidence that, about half - past four o'clock that morning, as Edmund George, a son of the farmer, was minding the sheep, several of which had lambs, he saw the pri soners come into the field, and Smith go up to the lamb in question, and strike it violently in a most brutal manner on the head six or seven times, with the thick hedge stake produced. The lamb staggered backwards into a ditch, where it immediately fell down and died. The prisoners instantly made the best of their way in the direction of Har row, and the boy ran and awoke his father, who mounted a pony, and proceeded in pursuit of them. At Alperton he procured the assistance of police constable O'Neil! 154 T, who accompanied him along the Harrow-road until they overtook them, and conveyed them back to the station house at Ealing. - The pi isoners said they had been drink ing until between three and four o'elock at a raffle, and then made up their minds to walk to Preston, near Harrow, to sober themselves, and Smith declared that, while passing through the field in question, his dog flew at , the lamb, and while knocking him off, he unfortunately struck the lamb and killed it. The magistrate considered there was no proof that the act was a malicious one, and, therefore ordered Smith to pay the value of the lamb, twelve shillings, with seven shillings costs, or fourteen days, and Jeffs was discharged. THR SUSPECTED MURDER 15IAR WINDSOIL—The mystery connected with the discovery a few mornings ago of a woman's bonnet, cap, shawl, a front of false hair, and other articles of attire, which were found in a field at Sarley-hall, near Windsor, has been cleared up, by the property being claimed of the Superintendent of the Windsor police by a respectable woman, named Pratt, the wife of a farmer, who lives at Maidenhead-thicket. Under the full convic tion that a murder had been committed, and, from the close proximity of the field in which the articles were found to the Thames, that the body had been thrown into the river, the water was dragged for a considerable distance by the order of the local authorities. The tale told by Mrs. Pratt to Mr. Gillman, the Superintendent of the police, was to this effect :—She was returning across the fields to her home at Maidenhead, in the evening of Saturday se'nnight, when she was knocked down by a man, who gave her a violent blow in the face, blackening her eyes. She ran one way, and her assailant ran off another, and she saw no more of him. She then ran her head into a hedge, and thus she ac counnted for being deprived of her cap and false curls. She fell down in a fright, fainted away, and did not recover her senses until the middle of the night, when she rwoke and fancied she was in her own orchard. She then made the best of her way to her own house, which she found she was much further from than she expected, reaching home early that morning, when she missed her bonnet, cap, shawl, false eurls, and waistband. DUE PROPORTIONS.----" Jock," said a farmer's wife to the herd callant—" Jock, come in to your parritch—the flies are drowning themselves in the milk."—" Nae fears," replied Jock, moving very deliberately towards the scene of action, " Nae fears ; they'll wade through't."—" Od, you little rascal, do you say you dinna get eneuglt 0 ' milk fo-- . On, ay, plenty for the parritch." MEETING AT COVENT-GARDEN THEATRE. The usual weekly meeting of the League was held last evening in Covent-garden Theatre, which was as densely thronged as it generally is upon those occasions. Among those present were, John Bright, Esq., M. P. (in the chair), The Hon. Charles Pel ham Villiers, M.P., Major-General Briggs, James Wilson, Esq., R. J. Burnet, John Travers, Esq., William Leavers, Esq., Dr. Cook Taylor, George Offer, Esq., R. S. Johnson, Esq., John Lambert, Esq., (Salisbury), Samuel Wilson, Esq., Colonel Tucker, Isaac Mollett, Esq„ R. Woodgate, Esq., R. Jupp, Esq., Francis Stokes, Esq., Press Granger, Esq., Charles Geach, Esq. (Birmingham), Thomas Gammon, Esq., Martin Thackery, Esq., Henry Gunning, Esq., T. Bailey, Esq. (Colne), Thomas Bexley, Esq., Richard Ware Cole, Esq., David Blyth, Esq., Robert A. Blyth, Esq., Walton Little, Esq., Samuel Tomkinson, Esq. (Liverpool), J. Turner, Esq. (Othery, Somersetshire), Thomas Ro gerson, Esq. (Liverpool), W. D. Starling, Esq , Rev. Richard Fletcher (Manchester), W. Geesin, Esq., J. B. Scott, Esq. (Manchester), F. Scheer, Esq., Edward Foster, Esq. (Cambridge), J. P. Burnard, Esq., J. Brownsell, Esq., Leslie, Esq., J. W. Langtree, Esq., John Pike, Esq. (Oxford), John Poulter, Esq., &c. At half-past seven o'clock the chair was taken by Mr. Bright, M.P. The minutes of the last meeting having been read and confirmed, The CHAIRMAN advanced to the front of the stage, amidst the cheers of the meeting. He said it had been intended that the Chairman of the Council of the League should preside over the meeting that evening, but when he (Mr. Bright) should explain the cause of his absence, he was quite sure the meeting would be satisfied that he was as usefully employed where he was as he could possibly have been if he were present there that night. He was engaged at that moment in the preparations that were being made in South Lancashire for the approaching election — (Cheers) —and knowing, as he (Mr. Bright) did, how many were his qualifications for the conduct of an election, he was quite certain there was no man con nected with the contest who could be worse spared than could George Wilson—(Hear, hear) —and when he looked around upon that meeting, and thought how often some of them had been there—how often that building had been crowded with an enthusiastic audience assembled—not for the purpose of being de lighted with the charms of oratory—but for the purpose of exhibiting to the world their full conviction that the League was right in the position it had taken up, he was quite certain there were thousands within those walls at that hour who were anxious that that great contest which was now commencing in Lancashire should end in the signal triumph of the free trade cause.—(Cheers.) There were small boroughs from which an independent voice was scarcely to be expected. They viewed that con test, then, as one of infinitely greater importance than the contests in a dozen, or a score of boroughs like Woodstock or Abingdon. The present meeting sym pathised with that contest.—(Cries of " Hear, hear.") It was anxious to convey to those electors their sense of the importance of that contest ; and he feared even they, anxious as they were, did not regard that struggle as of all the importance which it merited. He had met persons in the south of England who spoke of Lancashire as if it were a county of no more than ordinary importance—as if they knew only this, that there were in that county a number of grasping, avaricious, and some of them rich manufacturers, with rather a dense population of working men, brutalised, ill-paid, and degraded. They seemed to think that Lancashire was merely a county in which there were several considerable towns of a very dull character, connected by rail roads ; that, in fact, every feature in that county was one affording rather pain than pleasure, and that it was to be looked upon as a county only valuable for what could be got out of it—one which the tourist and the lover of the picturesque should on all occasions care fully avoid. Now, he (Mr. Bright) had been bora in that county, and he had lived there something like thirty years. He knew much of its population— much of its trade, and much of its resources, and he was quite convinced there was no other county in England which could compare with it in real impor tance as affecting the welfare and power of this empire.—(Hear, hear, and cheers.) It was the most populous county in England; it was the most manufacturing county, and, as far as its productive power went, it was the richest county in England ; and what had it done ? Time was when it presented a very different aspect from that which it now did. some 240 years ago it was considered a wilderness. Camden, in his survey, after having tra velled the country from York to Durham, men tioned that he proposed to enter Lancashire, and that his mind was filled with apprehension at the prospect. His remark was " And first of the people of Lancashire, whom I approach with a kind of dread"—(in those latter days there were some persons also who looked upon Lancashire with dread (Cheers and laughter) —" may it forbode no ill. However, that I may not seem wanting to this county, I will run the ha zard of the attempt, hoping that the Divine assistance which has favoured me in the rest will not fail me in this." Camden mentioned some of the towns. Roch dale, (to which he had come first from York shire,) Bury, Blackburn, Preston, and Manchester. But he spoke of those only as being towns of trade, and as being principally connected with woollen manufactures. He mentioned Liverpool, or Lithere pool, or, as it was sometimes abbreviated, Lirpool, as a small place on the sea coast, and as the most conve nient spot for setting sail to Ireland. But, of Ash ton, Bolton, Oldham, Salford, and many other towns now existing in Lancashire, he did not say one word ; and they had no reason to believe that such towns were known at that time. It might be worth while for a few moments to examine, and see how wonderful was the increase in the value of property in that county. In 1692, that was 150 years age, the whole annual value was 97,0001. In 1841 the annual value was 6,192,000/.—(Cheers.) Thus, giving an average increase throughout that county, in the space of 150 years of not less than 6,3001. per cent. Now the land-owners should look at that as showing how trade was advantageous to them. Lancashire, as had been truly said, contained just as much land as any other county. That must be very clear.—(A voice, " No, no.") He remembered a person standing on a rising ground,andlooking over the neighbourhood,re marking to another who stood near him that they seemed to have a great deal of land in that neighbourhood, which remark occasioned him some surprise ; but he (Mr. Bright) suppose d that it mi g ht be mae with equal truth of any other neighbourhood. Lan cashire had landowners, and was divided into districts, called " hundreds."—(A voice—" Yorkshire," and some interruption.) Of these hundreds, three were agricultural, and three were manufacturing ; and the improvement in the value of the agricultural portion of the county amounted, in the time he had men tioned, to 3,5001. per cent., and that of the manufacturing districts to 7,000/. per cent. In one estate in the neighbourhood of Man chester—Charlton Hall estate—there was a mar vellous increase of its value. In the year 1590 it sold for 3201. ; in the year 1644, that was, fifty four years later, it sold for 3001., the value thus not having increased at all ; and in 1794 that same estate was sold for 70,0001. The annual value of the town ship in which this estate was situate was 19,0001. in 1815 ; in 1829 it was 66,000/. ; in 1841 it was 137,0001.—(Hear, hear.) In a space of time of not more than two hundred years, the value of this estate had increased from 300/. to 3,000,000/.—(Loud cheers.) There was another district in Lancashire called the Forest of Rossendale, containing from twenty-two to twenty-four square miles. In the early part of the sixteenth century about eighty per sons lived in it ; now it contained twenty-one thou sand. Land for farming purposes in that dis trict now let for ten times as much rent as it did one hundred years ago ; and there were men now living who recollected the time when they cul tivated certain farms which paid seven or eight times more rent now than in their youth. The dis trict in which Liverpool was situate was then known as West Derby Hundred. It was then assessed to the land-tax at 135,000/..; its annual value was now 2,124,000/.—(Cheers) —being an advance of more than 5,900 per cent.—(Hear, hear.) Liverpool, 150 years ago, was not larger than Wigan at the present time. It was a mean fishing village then—now it was the largest sea-port in England, perhaps in the whole world.—(Hear, hear.) What was it that pro duced this wonderful change in Lancashire ? Was it the landed proprietors of the county ?—(No, no.) About 44 years ago, Mr. Whittaker, in his " His tory of Whalley," describing the landed proprietors of Lancashire as they were 200 years ado, says they Were men fond of the married life.—(Laughter.) He mentions they were fond of quiet, domestic com forts, and had little curiosity and ambition.— (Laughter.) They resided much at home, and pur sued domestic amusements, which were more gross than costly. He says he only met with one literary character who was possessed of the family estate. — (Laughter.) The landed proprietors, if they were men of this character, did not make Lancashire what it was now. There were a number of old houses there, where old families used to reside. Those families were now extinct ; they were passed by in the race by a new class of men.—(Hear, hear.) Their mansions were now inhabited by the thrifty and industrious manufacturers, and the old families had been swept away from the southern division of the county. ‘Not that there was any war against --,. them for for they had the same chances as other men, a those goods which they gave in exchang e for diet but, being born to broad acres, they did not think it ' imports. — (C h eer s. ) Therefore he contended, that T necessary to cultivate their minds, and exert them- although the first effect of free trade mi g ht be to re- . _ selves, like other men.—(Hear, hear.) The inven- duce price, the ultimate effect w ould be to raise !t f tions of Watt and Arkwright enabled others to sun higher than it could p ossibl y be under a system pass them, and those who were once magnates in the restriction. There was no error into which they country were now nowhere, and a new class of men were more apt to fall than that of attributing were leading on its dense population.—(Loud cheers.) too much importance to mere price. Whe n , It was the industry and intelligence and perseverance they talked, for instance, of the reduction 02, of the manufacturing population that made Lan- the duty on sugar, they were incidentally toll cashire what it was. Its coal and iron were invalu- that a farthing, or even a penny, a P° llll able, but they were underneath the surface for ages could not make an y material difference to the col" before. It was only in later times—in fact, in their sumer. N ow, even if it made no difference in Pri,c,e own generation—that they had learned to bring them at all , if t he only effect were to give them an ad.a..r up, and manufacture from them those machines which tionar quantity of sugar, the change could n9t but ev So many despised; but which enabled the population beneficial to th e countr y .—(Hear, hear.) If they of Lancashire to stretch out their hands to every imported a larg er q uantit y of su g ar, and paid the district on the face of the earth, and make the riches same price, nothing in his opinion could affoer and prodacts of other countries supply their own stronger evidence that an advantage had acorn wants.— (Cheers.) And that little soft flakey substance conferred on the communit y , because it wee' which they took from the pod of the cotton tree, prove that b y the additional trade which had bee¢ and which was first imported into this county (Lan - created , the we a lth of the communit y had been ili. cashire) about seventy or eighty years ago—it was creased to such a de g ree that the y could afford to the fibre which they got from this that had given that pay for the larger quantity the same price whi e d county its greatness.—(Cheers.) Lancashire was a they had paid for the smaller.—(Cheers.) They" ea child of trade and industry in its most remarkable seen some of t hose p rinci p les illustrated in a remt form.—(Cheers.) That trade was, not long ago, an able manner durin g the p ast y ear. They hat'": infant struggling into life ;it was now grown up, and gun l a st y ear with extraordinar y low pricei. .il ' was become a giant of enormous proportions; and yet cultura l p roduce of ever y descri p tion was very cliesP' that giant, great and powerful as it was, was lying manufactured goods of every description were lel prostrate under the fetters and shackles which an cheap; and the raw material was cheaper than it o f ignorant, and shortsighted, and tyrannical legislation ever been known to be before. In consequen frost bound around it.—(Loud cheers.) The question t he extreme chea p ness, and in accordance with .. now was, would the people of South Lan - p rinci p les, which for man y y ears had been as truefe cashire any longer endure those fetters ? t heir o p eration as the barometer in indicating the or would they allow themselves to be bound by them state of the weather—(Cheers) —in c onsequenc,,,, ' , e st for ever? Would they allow them to be rivett ed the chea p ness the y found a revival of trade. 30 firmly, or would they snap them asunder, and give revival of trade had had a great influence I n , freedom to this giant to become more powerful, and prices. During the last year there had been an. a s give a more extensive growth to that great cou nt y creased im p ort of man y of the most important' iOl and this great empire ?—(Cheers.) If the electors of of raw material ; and one of them, which widen South Lancashire knew how much depended o n the before the Legislature, afforded triumphant eviee' d votes they would give, would there be any man in of the truth of their principles. The Dult i e that county who would go to ask their suffrages f o r Richmond com p lained bitterly because Sir 11°00 that worst, and vilest, and most pestilent of all curses Peel had made up his mind to reduce the dutf t 0 —the corn-laws ?—(Cheers.) If these electors were foreign wool, believing that the effect would b e ds conscious, and he believed many of them were, that diminish the price of the fleeces which were eel s ) the disasters of the last five years owed their origin to his flocks in the north of Scotland.—(Langtae 1 that law—if they knew that that law had cast th eir Now, if he had taken the trouble to look into be merchants from prosperity to ruin—that it had statistics of the trade of wool in this countrii r i s o driven many thriving shopkeepers and tra d e rs into would have found, that just in proportion as the I ) te a misery and ruin, and even expatriation—that it had of wool had been high, they had imP er desolated hundreds of thousands of cottages , an d car- lar g el y from abroad, and that i o o n those Y € is tied poverty and sorrow among millions of the when their imports were the sm allest " als o people. If they knew all this, did they think amount, the price of home-grown wool WO, to $ they would give their voices on this occasion in the smallest. In 1819, foreign wool was subi ee '4 favour of perpetuating the most blind folly that ever duty of 6d. per pound. Their imports were then r• sso s entered into the minds of any legislators upon earth. about 19 millions of pounds we i g ht. Mr. Husiti ty —(Loud cheers.) If those electors saw this meeting induced the Legislature of that day to rechiee l o, —if they had before their eyes 4,000 of their coun - duty to a p enn y p er p ound. The coneequeliee is. trymen who looked into their hearts and consciences that, in a few years, the import of wool gradually of —t o see if there dwelt any care for their coun- creased, until, in 1836, it amounted to 64 naillie i s try's good—was there one of them who would pounds. During that period the price of hornesed have such callousness and hardness of disposi - w ool, instead of fallin g , rose from 13d. to 19 'Bg6, tion as to vote for the perpetuation of such an pound. It was very remarkable, that since 1 0 evil? He had hopes that the result of the struggle durin g the bad y ears of trade, the import of i'reoli would be glorious to the country. — (Hear , hear . ) wool had fallen from 64 millions of pounds to 4 0 00 4 Free trade was gaining grou nd ever y where. It mi g ht lions of pounds, which was the amount in 1842; is be they would not find that the minority now in Par- that, during that period, wool red fallen in pri c t e e liament would speedily become a majority—it Might the absence of twenty millions of pounds, in tne s ,oo 4 be there were portions of the p ublic that sneered at of forei g n com p etition, from 18d. to 10d. per ' ,: • their efforts—they wholly denied that they were During the last year they had had a little e'„ t e making any progress, and whic h, if the y could, He held in his hand a return of the corariol would extinguish their efforts alto g ether. But, tive trade of the three first months of the t y notwithstanding, the wave was swelling on, year and the three first months et wee and in public and private life they found present year. He found that in the firs t oil' that the delusions about protection were dispelled, months of last year they imported 41S: tbt and that the truth of free trade principles was be- lions of pounds ; in the first three months' w io asi coming apparent to all minds.—(Loud cheers.) There present year they imported 9} millions of Pea se was one subject of congratulation in looking at and at the present moment the English grov e , e sof , what was now going on in South Lancashire. The ceived 25 per cent. more than he received lasl.'ool free trade candidate was, perhaps, the most ex- So true were free trade principles that the In° re e rot ° tensive merchant in this country, and almost in the were examined the more did they appear to 001 whole world.—(Hear, hear.) He was a merchant of as an index to the trade of the country, vp long standing and experience, great wealth and hig h month to month. He would refer try' character—he had a large property i n ve sted in of Richmond, and all who were against this feu fibe:( commercial undertakings, and was also a proprietor to the solution of this question. Last year' n o of the soil. In business he was mainly connected they imported four and a half millions of 01 l Pb'ac i with the trade of the United States of America. He wool, the price was 10d. per pound ; this yea.' o 7( o , looked on him as the better candidate for that.— they imported nine and a half millions, the P ri oo tt e ' ' (Cheers.) He had extensive establishments there, ls. ld.—(Hear, hear.) But he turned to 1 , 1 ‘ , 00 0 and he knew how abundantly Providence had given fact ; he looked to the exports of manufacturo.4 Si to that country the means of supplying the wants of They could not buy without also selling. Lose this, and how eminently the manufacturing skill and quite obvious that if they received Belli f fo tIl! industry of this country were calculated to give abun- they would export more.—(Hear, hear.) ( 01 of t i dant blessings to that country in exchange for what first three mon colf last year, when they wee s los they gave us.—(Cheers) Why, he was like a man ing very little , and when wool was ab,..etir l 1 who stood on the shore of the island representing price, they exportedl,3oo,ooo/. worth of reanlyl: re ssl, the millions who worked in this country to clothe woollen goods. In the first three months of th e l e sio: the inhabitants of the prairies in America, and he year, they had exported 1,700,0001. worth of ll' al Fe stood there to receive that which America produced, description of goods. The increased expel; , and which this country asked for; and were it not forded an explanation of the increased inelY 3 ' e l for this law, which he was going into Parliament to the principle of restriction were followed 04004 uproot, how easily might they bring not only the would necessarily be a diminution of exports, 0101' cotton, rice, and tobacco of America into this decrease of employment, and increasing poverti tf , country, but food, substantial food for the people, hands. On the other hand, the more free 0 . 0 4 1 for the want of which thousands of their fellow principles were acted upon, the more would to 0 countrymen were suffering the deepest privations f . — flourish, and the more would it contribute o ff (Cheers.) Considering the respons e s which met the wants of the whole country. The principlem be sentiments he uttered, he might conclude that t h e re striction were p rinciples which, if acted uPO ~ t ro rl o was no want amongst those who filled the theatre of came more difficult at every stage ; on the cumoiti':,' deep and earnest feelings for the success of this strug- the principles of free trade, if acted upon, b, c l „if Ir e , gle.—(Hear.) If they who were more immedi e tely every stage more easy, and diffused more wil a sif i s i connected with them might in the ,meetings held there, benefits which resulted from them. Their P_P;: l , in the speeches they made , in the lett .rs the y wrote, were by no means new. There had never 19,,i side i communicate to the 18,C00 electors of Lancashire, statesman, a great philosopher, or a great In?' who were interested in this decision, the feelings no, not even a great landowner, with el:"' of the citizens of this metropolis, represented by the views, who had not, in one way or other, „ lo rd thousands whom he saw present, he prayed—he im- those principles. Eighty years ago Lord v_ i ; o o.,, plored—he exhorted—and he besought them by all in the Houee of Lords, speaking of the exteoPot dot they held sacred and valuable, to cast away all the the trade of the country, said—" I do ° be, trammels of party feeling —all the old war cries of p air of my country, and I have no,, 04.0, faction—and declare that the fla g under which the y to state what, in my opinion, wow.. oirord would fight should be t hat which was inscribed with the country to its once flou r ishing %ore ti f I Free trade all over t h e world, and p erfect j ustice to the Give freedom to commerce, lighten the r ip fdi a people of this contry.—(The Hon. Gentleman sat taxation, and you wil l have no cornplainitaid, down amidst loud cheers.) streets. As commerce is always a c oot o'! Mr. JAMES WILSON then came forward and ad- equivalents, a nation that will not buy pilot to t y dressed the meeting. He said he did not appear there and every restriction of imports is an obsti t a joit s ift to amuse or excite them, hut rather to endeavour to ports. On the other hand, the more we (3 00,0 throw some light on a few fallacies which, being productions of foreign nations, the raeT e 0 0 0 1 little understood, operated to the prejudice of free becomes their demand for our c ommoditit u elli.,ol' trade in certain circles. As there was some ap- accursed system of our corn-laws be g- e t a , pearance of reasonableness in those fallacies it was cautiously abrogated, and allow the chee.boli the more incumbent on him to try and remove them. tural produce of the north of Europe an u , eV The two points on which he wished to address to be freely introduced, and we shall 0h0...J.1rd them were these—They were chared with saying tended vent for our manufactures."—(Ch e TeW, that the corn-laws were disastrous to g trade in conse- principles had been reiterated by almost the o f ;e quence of the high prices which they inflicted on the who was celebrat ed in histor y . There evit s ,,,„st e O. consumers, and then with saying that free trade est perverseness, however, on the part of al e s i i ,e) would not injure the interests of the a g riculturists, Government, for they excluded those artic a f o f and would have even little influe nce on relative p rices. they really wanted, and admitted trbeeo,oti Now those were two statements which he was willing they did not want. A friend of his hau v STO to admit bore on the face of them some appearance of ployed, three or four years ago to negotittiestoti, inconsistency, vet he believed nothing was more easy with France to admit our hardware and c u t be i pti than to prove that both were correct.—(Hear, hear.) French would only consent to enter int° ro gic A e; It should always be borne in mind that dearness and on the condition that we exported our fial lis a . P . :e cheapness might be produced by two distinct causes. Theo stipulation wee agreed to; the Eng, eo ol Y off e i Dearness might be produced on the one hand by factrers, on being consulted, were so b.': i t istj., scarcity, and on the other by large consumptibility to offer any objection. Our Governmee . '„, on the part of the community. If dearness were introduced a Bill, permitting the free m i . the i produced by scarcity, then price kept no relative machinery, as it was very right and preP e o po ito , proportion to the means of the community to pur- should have done.—(Cheers.) The frO sb i s et? , f chase the article. If, on the other hand, dearness of machinery being thus permitted from I the ~...k . , were produced only by a large demand for the corn- what was the first step adopted by _ v ei l :A modity, it argued, in the first place, a great con- Government? They lacedp a large Pry jo e, o' sumptibility and the wealthy condition of the con- on its importation.—(Cheers.) On tiro, OK snorers in order to produce that dearness. Cheapness, of cotton machinery into France, wT h i r tf . d i ,„ on the other hand, might be produced by two causes. not want, they placed a duty of _„" & One It might be produced by plenty, and then it was a per hundred kilogrammes, and on the if o r x ioir blessing ; or it might he produced, as it had been for flax machinery, which they had been s°,..' oe d e t , i the last two or three years, by an inability on the taro, and which they did want, they r 5...- 0 1, ° P r y part of the consumer to command even the first neces- tive duty of one hundred kilogranun' on oc, k t o?:if series of life. Now, what he contended was, that the Now this was the explanation of this c s „ is lie°,tri principles of restriction and monopoly had a tendency partpf the French Government : theY,i ne ry, l l ,J l : o l to create the dearness which was objectionable, be- I courage the manufacture of flax rliac`:, a , s bif os i Pi cause it was a dearness arising from scarcity ; that own country, and therefore they Me s t tbio c i of e l free ,trade, on the other hand, although, if followed out, upon its importation.—(Cheers.) i'l! i , o wn t o ,e it might produce dearness, would only produce it in more absurd than the conduct right to fi a d Al i t; o lJ , consequence of this increased wealth and the ment. Our Ministry had no , et . increased means of consumption.—(Hear, hear.) He the French Government for their conl a WI the contended also that restriction had a tendency look at our own Custom-house Acts, a 0 4 0 1 to , ng lll te" 1 i to produce cheapness, but not the cheapness which find that they had no reason to co __ t we 0 0 1 0 , was derived from plenty, but the cheapness which selves. Those things which they Eg Tile t- he i P e lf / arose from diminished means on the part of the con- kept out by a prohibitive duty, w , s oil c oy sumer.—(Cheers.) The very object and aim of the portation of articles, which they did yes cbsaee te re, corn-laws, and of their commercial laws generally, was permitted. The same perversen.oes_ies. al e o f," was to restrict quantity. If they restricted quantity, our legislation with regard to our co; f ro sio .0 00 0 01 the first effect might be, he admitted, to raise prices. one article, a principal article of ex,r og a iu til 'ey But the first tendency of restricted quantity was to colonies, but which was not Prca" 1 the e° l36 e ll stiri; °( o i restrict trade; the next tendency was to restrict em- quantity by the colonies to supP Y sow se A Pi e means ; the next tendency was to restrict the this country, he meant the arl_ 3 _ ro duce' rov iiolV means of consumption ; and the next, and last, ten- (Cheers.) The quantity of sug a l e f e ensli te ellol e l dency was an impossibility to consume, and colonies was not sufficient for tr7,, ra tec e ty a diminished price.—(Loud cheering.) On this country, and yet that sugar wee r f aus tt oo teviot, • h rate 0 1 ~t , 01 those grounds, therefore, he contended that imposition of a very high , of she „ At llf 4 t neither the corn-laws nor any other commercial he considered that the conducass _ ,„ re atPi or l t , ' o ,ter t restriction could ultimately be of any service even to regard to this article of sag a 5 em s a s l those for whose benefit they were intended. Although free trade principles. What uee ir o e o n ? - . 3:_i i tir ei o il li t ut . such laws might first produce a high price, that high the Ministers on the sugar (l it 'j ive lig oo t 6 price was delusion, it could not be maintained. Bar- they would onl p gains were made which could not be maintained; tha t e brought into the - emtr_raaerkeftrieenfas . oe f st f o r ee ea c oc o : t ol i : contracts were entered into which ended in nothing Now, he believed that te Is be the i g r fh eAt t t be ,jl ll „ V e;' but disappointment; and the resources of this corn- had always been found t he d en ieo. -- e o o,t - , j 11 munity were sapped to their foundation. How of personal liberty ; b clearly and palpably , was this effect exhibited which the Governmebnotlu.wtiaose in the case of this restriction, which they to conduce to the f a l biour sugar (S si t ii or , Ole f t tl l lO ,l poufr oi si : l g er w .l i ess T a b il e i r i oci ?, were assembled to oppose. The first tendency posed to admit ree f of the corn-law was to • restrict quantity and sugar the Java,produce o ssaluamveatlarab,ouL;distiliailblei teeebtotoe! raise price. But the next tendency was to destroy of sugar in in hich sugar was Pre'Thauili.oo evil trade. The farmer, having made his contract, cal- countries impa frot o tte lie d oo tl' consumercul atin g oon hada highhe ebeen destroyed,rice, found andth a t the e e p means riee feolfl,thtee 4boou,oro, • wou state s a pe of the world. This quantity Sta c c e f all around him.—(Hear, hear.) If they had free the disappointment of the farmer, and to the ruin of try, thus withdrawing_ that amouriat be suP o f 6 lits ie: Owt'aosnsaobN‘fe'tuhtis 93,000 tens Portedrfi iP t° t l 'il d trade in corn, the first tendency would be to increase the quantity, and that would, perhaps, diminish the slave A me r i l c a a b . o labour 0 ll a n d , countries—from G erinan a t n h a e i.tehatip ot t r e ili ser,,:e v . they price. But, with an increased quantity, in the supply of sug ar ' s Of free' l i t o 'O O would have increased trade; with increased . of continental Europe, would luilli oons ea l u abo e s i ci r6er; d from Java, Sumatra, and 4T' an eePe trade, they would have increased employment for their ships, for their sailors, for their millers, angenerally, h e our taking these 40,000 t ia ons i l ia. flo t : ted, for all those ho were engaged in the manufacture of many, and Europe