The Sun. — London, England, 1845-10-30 00:00:00

THE POTATO, ITS HISTORY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION. MANUFACTURE OF POTATO STARCH. (From the Northern Whig.) As, at the present time, anything connected with the potato excites general attention, it may be interesting to bring before the public some notices of its history. A native of the mountainous part s of Chili and Peru, in South America, and, also, according to some late authorities, of the Pic de Orizaba, in the Mexican territory, this now so valuable plant appears to have been first brought to Europe by the Spaniards, from the mountains near the city of Quito, about the beginning of the 16th century. From 'Spain, it has been traced to Italy, where it was cultivated as food both for man and animals. Into Germany, we learn from the botanist M idas, the first writer in whose works any mention of it ap pears, that it was introduced by a person connected with the suite of the Papal Ambassador at Vienna about the year 1598 ; and that, in a short time after that, it was exten sively diffused through the Germanic empire. Thus it i seems that Ireland, though at the present time the chief nursery of the potato, was not the first to receive it ; but, in 1584, the adventurous Raleigh, returning from his voyage to Virginia, brought with him some seeds of the plant, and placed them in his garden, at Youghal, in the county of Cork. It is related that the seeds flourished, and that Sir Walter, having sent for some of the produce, his gardener brought to him the small apples produced upon the stem, upon which lie imagined that the seeds which he had brought home were not those of the plant which he had seen growing in America, and directed the man to root it up ; but when he proceeded to tear it away, some of the tubers came up with the roots, and Sir Walter at once recognised the valua ble fruit which he had eaten in his travels. Gerard, the old English herbalist, whose quaint history of plants appeared in 1597, gives a description of potatoes, a specimen of which he bad received from America, under the name of Virginia Potatoes—a name which they had received to distinguish them from the sweet potatoes, the prcduce of an entirely different plant, which had been, long before that time, ex tensively used in England. These sweet potatoes are alluded to by Shakspeare, when, in The Merry Wires of Windsor, he makes his valiant Sir Jojm exclaim, " Let the sky rain potatoes." Old Gerard recommends the potato as a delicate dish, but net as an article 'of food, for common use. "It is, he says, "an excellent thing for making sweet sauces, and also to be eaten with sops and wine." Indeed, their price in the reign of the first James wan so high—two shil lings the pound—that they could be introduced only at the tables of the rich. The first extensive supply which Eng land received was from an Irish vessel, wrecked with a cargo, on a part of the coast of Lancashire, called North Meols, about 1605 ; but for many years their cultivation was con fined to the gardens in the neighbourh ood of London. In 1663, the attention of the members of the Royal Society of London was directed to the importances of cultivating the plant extensively over the kingdom, for the prevention of famine ; but, notwithstanding their recommendation, very few persons were induced to grow it; and even some writers, of a later date, as Evelyn, in 1689, seemed to have been pre judiced against it. In fact, we do not find its value ap preciated before 1790, in which year it appears, for the first time, to have been cultivated, to any extent, in the open fields. It is remarked that Scotland, which, at pre sent, takes the lead in agricultural improvement, should be among the last of the European Kingdoms to avail itself of this important vegetable—its introduction into that country being delayed until 1739 ; and, even then, religious, or, rather, an irreligious bigotry, opposed itself to its use as an article of food, and stirred up the people to reject it with abhorrence, because it was not mentioned in the Bible ! In France, its use, as an article of diet, was, also, but for different reasons, strongly opposed, and its cultivation con demned by many who considered themselves men of judg ment ; but, through the zealous efforts of a chemist—M. Parmentier—who had the sagacity to perceive its value, it was finally established in public estimation. One of the expe dients adopted by Parmentier to overcome the prejudices of those who obstinately opposed its use, is interesting and instructive, and might, occasionally, be advantageously copied in our own times, as it is a good example of the pro per way of treating those who differ from us. He invited all who scoffed at, and all who opposed, the potato cultivation to a sumptuous dinner, at which he gave them nothing either to eat or drink but wh at had been prepared from the potato. We have, as might be expected, had a great many inves tigations of the chemical composition of the potato. M. Parmentier, to whose enthusiastic advocacy of its value , in France, I h ave above alluded, published an elaborate trea ties on its culture and chemical properties, in 1776 ; and,. a great many years ago, Dr. Pearson presented the English Board of Agriculture with an essay on the same subject. The leading constituents of the potato tuber are the same which we find in the grain of wheat—viz., water, starch, starchy fibre, gum sugar, albumen, and salts. The follow ing analysis of Michael's, published in 1837, will give an exact idea of its per-centage composition : Starch and starchy fibrin Albumen .503 Gluten .05 5. Fat Gum Asparagin Extractive Citrates, silicates, and phosphates of potash, soda, lime, magnesia, alumina, and pro toxide of iron and maganese Chloride of potassium Free citric acid Water .815 .176 .047 66.875 100.000 It would occupy too much space to enter, at greater length, into the chemical history of the potato. I may, however, remark, that it belongs to the same family of plants of which the deadly nightshade is a member, and that it has been discovered to contain a small quantity of the same poisonous principle which exists in that plant, termed solanin. The principle is, however, fortunately, removed in cooking. I had resolved, in the present paper, to consider the value which science shews us should be attached to the chief con stituent of the potato tuber—its starch in the nutrition of the body;, but I have, within these few days, received so many communications from parties anxious to obtain infor mation respecting the manufacture of that article, as a means of enabling them to convert their crop into a form which will resist decomposition, that it will be more advantageous to give a description of the simple apparatus required for that purpose. The potato tuber, when examined by the aid of the micro.• scope, is found to consist of small cells, in which the sub stance, which we term starch, is contained. This substance does not, however, appear equally distributed over every part of the tuber; when we examine a slice of the potato, the starch is found in greatest quantity near its exterior, while the centre contains so little of it, that it is almost transparent. When a potato is grated upon any kind of grater, its cells are torn in pieces, and the little grains of starch which they contain liberated. These grains are ex ceedingly small—indeed, not larger than the two hundred and fiftieth part of an inch in diameter; so that, if we place the pulpy mass, consisting of the broken cells and the libe rated starch, upon a hair sieve, placed over a pan, and water it from a watering-pot, so long as the water which runs through has a milky colour, we, will find that all the starch will be washed through the sieve, and that it will be deposited, in the form of a fine white powder, at the bottom of the pan. It is truly a most fortunate circumstance for the potato cultivator, that microscopic examination shows the starch contained in potatoes affected with the prevailing disease to be perfectly uninjured, even when the tissue of which the cells are formed was quite brown, and its smell most dis agreeable. I would, therefore, earnestly advise our farmers, at once, to convert their diseased crop into farina; or, in cases Wile' e the disease has only commenced, into the more nutritious and easily-prepared potato meal, as practised on the Continent. The process, which I have described above, represents the preparation of starch in its most simple form; but it is obvious that; in the present circumstances of the potato crop, in this country, the farmer must have recourse to a less troublesome and more expeditious method. The manufac ture on the large scale, however, presents no difficulty, the esential operations in the process for preparing a on of starch being precisely the same as those employed in making a few ounces with the cottage grater; the main requisites to the perfection of the work being extreme attention to clean liness, in all its parts, and an abundant supply of pore water. Vie operations required in the manufacture may be conve niently cons idered under five heads : Ist. The washing of the potatoes. 2d. The grinding, or rasping of the potatoes. 3d. The wailing of the starch from the pulp. 4th. The washing and purification of the starch. sth. The drying. I. Suppose a farmer wishes to convert the half-rotten portion of his crop into starch, he must, in the first place, carefully wash the potatoes, so as to remove all adherent soil, &c., in the common potato-washer of the farm, or in any convenient way. In large manufacturing establishments they are placed in a cylindrical cage or wooden puncheon, bored with hole., which is made to revolve in a trough filled with water, and into which a current of water flows, from a cis tern or mill stream. When thoroughly washed, the potatoes are to be removed to the rasping machine. 2. The object of rasping or grin ing the potato is, as I have already explained, to break up its cells, so as to libe rate their contained starch. It will, therefore, be obvious, that the more effectually this be accomplished—the more perfectly the fibre be reduced to a fine pulp—the greater will be the quantity of starch produced. The rasping ma chine usually employed, and which will be most conveniently prepared for the purposes of the farmer, consists of a wooden cylinder or drum, about 2 feet long and 1 feet in diameter, covered on its circumference with sheet iron, converted into a rasp, by being punched with holes from the opposite side. The potatoes are supplied from a hopper, like that of a common mill, placed above the rasp, and with its bottom nearly in contact with it. In Germany, in the small mantuacteries, a machine is employed both for rasping pc - tatoes for starch and beet, for the preparation of sugar, nearly similar to that just described, but constructed of cast iron, and armed with saw teeth. During the rasping, to prevent clogging, a small stream of water, from a cistern, is made to drop from a tube, perforated with holes, placed over the drum. The rasping machine may easily be worked by a horse; but it. will be more advantageous, when local circum stances render it possible, to connect both the washing and rasping machines with a water-wheel. 3. Under th&rasping machine must be placed a convenient wooden tub or vat, covered with a fine hair or wire-web sieve, and so arranged, that a pipe, conveying water from the cistern, may discharge itself over it. Upon this sieve, the pulp, consisting of the cellular tissue of the broken-up potatoes, is caught ; while the fine grains, liberated from these cells, are washed through by the current of water, and deposited at the bottom of the tub. When this tub is full, it is either removed, and another substituted, or the starch is stirred up with the water, and run off, by means of a trough, into large wooden vessels, where it is washed and purified. 4. In the, purifying vats, the particles of starch gradually deposit themselves from the water ; and, if this deposit be examined, it will be found to consist of two layers, that at the bottom of the vessel being composed of white shining grains of pure starch ; while, on the top, we will have the starch rendered impure and dirty-looking, from containing bits of fibre not removed by the sieve, flakes. of albuminous matter, &c. In the water, covering the starch, will be found all the soluble ingredient of the potato. To remove these impurities, it will be necessary, in the first place, by means of a plug hole in the vat, to draw off the discoloured water ; after which, the vat should be again filled with pure water, the starch stirred up through it, and the milky liquid, if a par ticularly nice article be required, passed again through the sieve. This additional operation is, however, but seldom ae cessarY ; as, by mixing the starch with clean water, two or three times, and drawing the water off, if impure, the starch 'will, in general, be deposited of a good colour. It has been suggested to 'wash the st arc h w i t h water containing a little chlorine, but we cannot expect our farmers to to this direction ; indeed, it is only required by th e manufac turer, who wishes to send his starch into the large market as a :su b s titute for "fine Jamaica arrowroot." 5. Having prepared the starch, as I have described, the next matter for us to consider is, the best method of dryin g it. On this subject I have received . several communication s. f rom farmers, who imagined that . it would be impossible, in a farm establishment, to contrive any proper arrangement for qubantity prepared is not very great, this purpose. When the it may, without difficulty, e rendered sufficiently dry, by placing it in shallow wooden trays, supported on shelves in a 'TOM heated by a stove ; but, when the manufacture is con flucted on a larger scale, it will be the interest of the farmer l to construct a proper drying chamber, heated by a stove the ' funnel of which should be made to pass in several directions .ound the walls, upon which should be fixed shelves, for :3Up i 'ling drying trays. On the Continent, where this =mu ,re has been carried to great perfection, the starch, when factl • - ed from the vats, is placed upon a floor, constructed ream% c half-burned porous tiles, or well dried plaster, which either 0. ith great rapidity, by absorbing its moisture. It is, dries it w- • many purposes, not necessary, to dry the starch indeed, for 'ls it will keep well, even when it contains a large completely, . ster ; and, in France, where it is extensively prepara tion of sugar, it is frequently sold as amo unt of v. .. le employed for ti ' containing 30 per cent. of water. I must, " green starch,' , -postpone my observations bn the different for the. present, i potato may be preserved for food. &c., as lea to so great a length. The great im t, and interest which it now excites, farms :in tinticewhhiacshetxhteen., , rove a sufficient excuse. p w o o rtan l .c t e ru o s f t, t h h o e w s e u v b er j e : p. JOHN F. HODGES, M.D. 1845. D own p a trick, Cctober 2g/.., E,BIRMINGHAM QUEEN'S CO3,I•Et; ON OF PRIZES. ANNUAL DIS . BIRMINGHAM, TUESDAY: p most interesting ex h above ,';:ehly valuable and TR_lro-ja .a hibition,, in connection with -hall. The occasion was the distribution of important institution, took nrizes to the sfitetols, and t ptaFe at the' - '1 : 0 1 / 1 numerous and most res the result r yas highly gratifying to lof the dis .lemen and gent emen spectable asg,lrnblage of nob ing the proceedings trict. The hour appointed for commeuc was one o'cloc.k, but before that time se veral gentlemen of di s tinction, accoManied by. the professors of the College, a ssembled at the histitution in Paradise-street, nd roceeded _ p pawl to inspect the who:e establishment, including U 1 oft s n e e r ected church, mu.seu--07 and other interesting po building. Shortly after one o'clock a nu merous body of the inhabi - Town-hall, the company who tants being assembled in the nclucted to the meeting, and had visited the college were co. i nrocession were—The Lord amongst those who formed the Bishop of the Diocese, Lord Dartiflouth, Lord Lyttelton, Thomas Phillips, Esq., mayor s ; Malin, Esq., high bailiff ; Dr. J. B. Davies, J. . Melsom, Esq., Sands Cox, Esq., Dr. Buckland, Rev. V. Thomas, Rev. Garbet, rural , S. Bourne, dean; Alderman Vauvart, H. Luekcock, Esq., late high bailiff ; Wm. Chance, Esq., r. Alderman Room, Dr. Booth, and most of the aldermen and town coun cillors of the borough. There wer e also a great number of ladies present. Lord LYTTELTON, as President of the College, opened the businessin a very appropriate address. With respect to the institution which had that d 4, convened them together, be feared no contradiction when he said, that it would be a most erroneous opinion which should describe that institu tion merely as a medical institution. He considered the ob ject of that institution was no less for the general education of the man than for providing instruction for the physician and surgeon ; and it was on that account that many had felt the warmest interest in its success, and had considered like himself that they could freely and fairly take part in the ma nagement and care of such an establishment. The object which it had within its scope was the education of medical stu dents ; and he must be allowed to speak with frankness upon that which needed no lengthened observations to demonstrate —namely, that medical students had been for a long period in a peculiar state of disadvantage from the want of such institutions as the present. It was well known that all ab sorbing attention to medical science, unrelieved by the thoughts and reflections upon the great truths of religion, had a tendency to materialism and irreligion ; and hence the great necessity which existed for that admirable system upon which the education of the Queen's College was based. The Noble Lord, at considerable length and ability, enforced this view of the subject, and, in conclusion, ex pressed his determination to afford all the assistance he could to the gentlemen engaged in promoting the interest of the Queen's College. Lord DARTMOUTH then rose to move the first resolution, one of thanks to the Governors of the College for their exertions in behalf of the institution. The Rev. R. KENNEDY seconded the resolution, which was put and carried unanimously ; after which Dr. J. JOHNSTON returned thanks for the compliment paid to his father. The LORD Btsnor , of the Diocese next briefly addressed the meeting, on the occasion of presenting the Warnford prize of gold medals, for essays, to Mr. C. E. J. Tipton and Mr. J. V. Hughes. The Jephson prize of 20 guineas was presented by Dr. Booth to Mr. G. Wilmhurst, to whom it was awarded after a severe examination in all the branches of medical science. The gold medal for regularity and good conduct was next presented to Mr. J. V. Hughes and Mr. J. P. Badley ; after which the celebrated Dr. BUCKLAND addressed the meeting, and delivered a very powerful address, in pointing out the great advan tages which medical men derived from the pursuit of the study of chemistry; and after dwelling upon this subject, he took occasion to advert with very considerable effect to the present alarming state of the potato crop. It was a question of humanity, which required the instantaneous application of all the medical skill and science which could be brought to bear upon it. It had been too notorious for some weeks past that a gangrene had seized upon the potato crop, that it was almost universal. It extended all over Europe, and it was felt in the United States. It was felt in the first instance, in Belgium, and then all over France and in Italy. It was his lot a few weeks ago to be present at two meetings—one, a meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society of Paris, con vened by the Government of France for the purpose of con sidering the extent of the mischief done to the potato crop in that country and the remedy which it became the Govern ment to apply. At that meeting Professors Poncha, of Rouen, and Payen, of Paris, were present; and the nextweek they printed a document in which the subject was treated with a vast amount of skill. He (Dr. Buckland) had re ceived, within these few days, the result of an investigation of the potato disease in Scotland, in which Dr. Johnston had been summoned to institute a chemical investigation into the nature of the disease, and it was only that morning he received intelligence which confirmed his worst fears of the nature and extent of the malady. It ap peared that the Government of England had sent a com mission, composed of scientific men, chemists, and others, to confer with the Royal Agricultural Society of Ireland upon the alarming state of the malady in that country, and he knew that a potato hospital would be immediately esta blished in Ireland. The object of this hospital was not to cure the eaters of the diseased potatoes, but the design was to cure the potatoes themselves of the fearful disease which had seized upon them. There. was, he believed, yet a remedy if the disease was taken in time. It was now unnecessary to go into the cause of this alarming disease, and he would at once say, first of all they must remove the potatoes from the ground, store them wherever they might—barns, warehouses, and every place that could be made available for holding them must be used. Infected potatoes must not be al lowed to touch the sound ones, for there was contagion in them ; and so long as sound potatoes were kept dry there was no danger of them. The diseased part of the potato is innocuous to man or beast if mascerated or steeped 12 hours in clean cold water, and then changed and washed again in other water, before they are boiled. The starch then in the most decayed and putrid portion of the potato was perfectly good. After the first twelve hours' steeping, the rind was to be taken off. The diseased part must be pared, and the parings washed twice in cold water, there being twelve hours, as he had said, between each washing; then they were to be dried and set by for the use of cattle. The day before he visited Lord Ashburton, where he ate a portion of those potatoes, the starch of which had been preserved, and which were perfectly sound. He bad seen reports of pigs having died from eating potatoes which had been given to them, but if proper precaution had • been used such results would not have followed. He believed it was not a new disease. He believed it existed at all times, only not to such an extent as at present. He would, therefore, impfess upon all concerned in the care of potatoes the absolute necessity of keeping them dry. In struments were now being made in Paris and London by means of which the starch could be separated from the potato, but where the vegetable fibre remained, let it be wished and preserved. He would again impress upon those who had buried their potatoes, the necessity of removing them at once. They ought to be put into straw, and every means taken to preserve them and keep them dry. He re gretted to state that one-third of the potato crop in Ireland was lost, and with them the food of 2,000,000 of the people of that country had perished. The Government must inter pose, science must interpose, between the dead and the living, and by the goodness and mercy of God the plague may yet be stayed. The address of the Learned Doctor was listened to with marked attention, and produced a strong effect upon th e audience. Several other gentlemen addressed the meeting, which did not terminate till late in the evening. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. The aingdove, 16 (sloop), arrived at Spithead, from the coast of Africa, yesterday forenoon, under the command of Lieutenant Walter 1 weed, First Lieutsnant of the Actoron, 26, Captain George slansel h aving been appointed acting to the command of the sing dove by C aptain Mansel on the death of Sir W. Daniell. The ga tient Sir William Daniell died at Sierra Leone on the 15th of Si !ptember, from disease of the lungs, much to the regret of the offit :ers and the ship's company, whom he had commanded three years. and eight months, and by whom he was greatly be loved. Sir William was a commander of 1826, and made lieute nant in 1813, in which latter rank he served on board the fiag.ship, the Queen Charlotte, at the battle of Algiers. The Ring dove was commissioned on the 26th of January, 1842, when she prweeded to the West India station. She was, however, ordered to the coast of Africa about fifteen months since, and has been there until this time. She has been healthy, and reports fa vourably of the state of health of the squadron on the station : not much sickness had prevailed. The surgeon (Dr. Mackay), and the paymaster and purser (Mr. Drury), are the only principal officers on board who left England in her. The Actaeon, 26, Captain Mansel, was at Sierra Leone when the Ringdove left. Captain Mansel had been ill, but was rapidly re covering. The Waterwitch, 8, Commander Birch, was left by the Ringdove at the Gallinas, all well. k i _THE STEAM-SLOOP ECLAIR AND TRE FEVER.—It has been reported that one or two of the seamen employed in clearing out the un fortunate Itcelll - 0/ 0 (p the Eclair, at Standgate Creek, had taken the fever. We have no positive authority for contradicting this assertion ; but if they had, they are now convalescent, for all are reported ►yell and hoping for an early pratique. Lieutenant Charles S. Haswell, late in command of the revenue cutter the Fox, on the expiration of service on board that vessel, has been appointed to the coast station of St. Mawes, Cornwall, riPe Harries, deceased, Lieutenant Haswell has been many years in the Coast-guard service, afloat and ashore, and is fairly entitled to th annual promotion. Lieutenant edward Thurnborough Harriet (1 837) died in rem. mand of the Coast -guard station, St. Mawes, Cornwall, a fortnight since. The Trafalgar, 120, arrived at the Wore from Plymouth, during Friday night, and saluted the admiral on Saturday morning, who with Captain Nott, went out the same day in the Hart, tender, towed by the African, steamer, and mustered and inspected the ship's company; he also exercised them tiring in divisions. She has discharged the greater part of her powder, and is expected to go into Sheerness Harbour in a day or two. The St. Vincent, 120, Captain Rowley, went !into Portsmouth Harbour, yesterday morning, and took up her old position off Gos port) she will partially unrig, and will be paid off on Saturday next, when she will be re-commissioned by Captain Sir Richard Grant, and will then hoist the flag of the Commander-in-Chief, Sir Charles Ogle, Bart. The Vanguard, 80, Captain Willes, was taken out of Portsmouth basin, alongside her hulk th Victorious, yesterday morning. She is receiving her provisions and stores, and will go to Spithead on Thursday. The Ocean, 80, Captain superintendent Arthur, C. 8., at Sheerness, did not go out of dock till Monday ; she is now in the basin painting, and is having her quarter. deck ports enlarged for her gums. The President, 50, Captain Stanley, re-hoisted the flag of Rear- Admiral Dacres, at Portsmouth, and saluted the flag of the Com. mander-in-Chief, Sir Charles Ogle, yesterday morning, which the Victory, 104, guard.ship, returned, hoisting (pro tem.) the Admi ral's flag at the main. It is now positively stated that the Presi. dent will sail with the Vanguard, under Jer orders, and join the fleet of two.deckers, on whose capabilities and sailing qualities Ad miral Dacres will make a report. The Ajax, 72, has been brought into the ♦acant dock at Ports mouth, to have her copper stripped off. AWFUL AND DESTRUCTIVE FLOOD. Last week a most tremendous torrent (occasioned by the incessant fall of rain by which we h ave b een visited) flowed with terrific force from the mountains westward of Ardy goman, to the subterraneous passage at Ayle, carrying with it in its onw ard course—as we have been info rme d eye witnesses—wheat, oats, barley, hay, turf, bogdale, and ac tually hurling rocks, .which stood the torrents of ages, from their places into the wide recesses of the beautiful cave, which in a few seconds, became choaked up with the fruits of the toil and labcur of the poor industrious husbandman. The consequence was, that the flood having no passage through the gulf thus blocked up, rose with the rapidity of thought over the elevation of the bed of the river, a height of more than 200 feet, and rushing along the country , carried on its surface in its grand but destructive course all the oats stocked in the fields, the hay from the haggards, and the turf in the clamps on to Ballyburke. For a distance of over to o miles from Aye to Ballyburke the country has been entirely in undated, and nothing remains to the poor people but moun tains of mud and rocks covering their po t a to-fields. At Logbawp, a flat tract of tillage near Ballyburke , there is at the moipent we write more than four feet of water lodged over the potato crops. Such has been the amount of damage caused by the flood, that many who the day previous were in comparatively com fortable circumstance., are now reduced to a state of pri vation and famine. Numbers who had before this visitation doled out with a willing hand to the poor and needy, are now themselves on the eve of walking forth to seek the alms of others, or take shelter beneath the roof of the workhouse. Previous to this calamity complaints regarding the potato crops were somewhat prevalent in this county, but we confi dently hope the reports are exaggerated.—Mayo Telegraph. PRESENT TO HER MAJESTY.—The Bombay, Cap tain Purley (Hon.. East India Company's service), an East India trdder, and one of the largest now afloat, being 1,400 tons burthen, arrived off Blackwall on Thursday last, and now lies in the river, waiting for a spring tide to carry her into dock, where the depth is not at present more than 22 ft., the Bombay now drawing 24 ft water. She is the property of Sir John Pixie and Co., and has made a remarkably quick passage, having come from Bombay in little more than 14 weeks, and the whole time occupied in her outward and homeward voyages, including that of receiving the freight, has not been more than ten months. Sheds brought a most splendid cargo, of the estimated value of 250,0001., in cluding four beautiful symmetrically-formed, Arabian, entire horses, of a fine grey colour, and which, together with their housing, of an extraordinary unique and gorgeous de scription .(valued at 1,0001. per horse), are forwarded as a present to her Majesty by that celebrated Parsee merchant Sir Jamsetjee Jejeehov. 'They were brought over in the most excellent condition, chiefly through the unremitting care of Mr. Randon, riding-master, of the Royal Bombay Artillery., They were debarked on Saturday, and transmit ted to her Majesty's stables, and in the transit thither through the streets of the metropolis excited the most mark ed attention and general admiration of the public. The cargo on board the Bombay consists of a large quantity of cotton, and an immense and unrivalled collection of magnifi cent shawls and silks, in every diversity of colour and pat tern, the whole of which is chiefly the importation and pro perty of Sir Jamesetjee Jejeehoy, who was knighted, for his aid to the t ßr i i es tis in h h G sicL overnment, and has attainted the highest point _ of general estimation in the eastern world, by his truly a oint il e i re a er b ee : e haar a manners (i , his philanthropy in founding hospitals and i s ,agl iir e n esz,d states,in every y promotingrespee respect th t e h e gen co e m ra i wel D far ie e d o: s h e e a ;h te ouse,}3din ti Zu . rgb on the 1 1 th current, Mrs. Frances Ingram Spence, widow minister of Duddingston. er the late R ev . J o h n Thomson, The Eagle, 50, Captain Martin, C.D., with the flag of Rear. Admiral Inglefield, C.B. ; the Melampus, 42, Captain J. Norton Campbell; the Curagoa, 20, Captain Sir Thomas S. Pashley, Ban. ; the Philomel, 6 surveying vessel, Commander Sullivan; and the Firebrand steam frigate, Captainillope, were left of Monte Video, August 20. The Acorn, Racer, and Dolphin, must also have been there by that time. The Juno, 26, Captain Patrick Blake, has not yet left Sheerness Harbour. She bent sails on Monday, but no particular day is fixed for her sailing. It will be an early one, however. The Rha damanthus steamer, Master Commander T. H. Laen, brought some men from Cork for her on Monday. The Conway, 26, Captain Kelly, arrived at the Mauritius on the 16th of August. She detained the Comet, Whitehouse master, from Madagascar, and brought her to the Mauritius. The Racer, 16, Commander Rees, left Buenos Ayres on the Ist of August, for Monte Video. The Acorn, 16, Commander Bingham, left Buenos Ayres fer Mate Video, August 3. The Waip, 16 (sloop), Commander S. H. !Asher, arrived st St. Helena from Ascension on the 10th of September. The Kingfisher, 12, Commander Brown, was inspected at Spit_ head on Monday, by Admiral Sir Charles Ogle. She embarked 30 supernumeraries and 25 boys for distribution In the African squadron; she will be paid advance today, and will sail to morrow for Ascension, taking out dispatches for Commodore Jones, of the Penelope, 22, steam-frigate. The Nautilus, 10, Lieut.-Commander J. M'Donald, was taken out of dock yesterday morning ; she will refit, 'and proceed to her station off the coast of Sussex. The Philomel, 6, surveying.vessel, Commander Sullivan, left Buenos Ayres for Colonia on the Ist of August. The Dolphin, 3, brigantine, Lieut.-Commander R. T. Levinge, sailed from Buenos Ayres for Monte Video on the Bth of August. The Gorgon, steam-sloop, Captain Hotham, left Buenos Ayres far England on the 24th of August. SINGULAR " Fix."—One day last week a bullock was temporarily paced in a yard in Maidstone, the entrance to which was closed by a large boarded gate, in which there was a wicket. The wicket being open the animal made a rush through it, but the aperture not being wide enough he became fixed in the centre ; on finding which he made a desperate effort, and actually carried the gate away from its hinges and fastenings, and ran across the street with this singular appendage surrounding his body like a huge collar. It was ultimately necessary to saw it off.—Maidstone Journal. INTENDED NEW BRANCH GENERAL POST OFFICE. —Several houses on the south-side of Piccadilly, near St. James's Church, have been sold for the purpose of being immediately rased to the ground, on the site of which is to be erected a capacious new Branch General Post-office, the one at Charing-cross, from the extreme increase of business, being found to be considerably too small for the transaction of public business, and it is to be removed into Piccadilly.—Post. 11ELANCHOLY REVERSE OF FORTUNE.—The daugh ter of the late Sir Abraham Bradley King, who was twice Lord Mayor of Dublin, and Grand Master of the Orange Lodge, and who had, in his capacity of Lord Mayor, entertained George IV., when he visited Ireland in 1821, has been compelled, as the widow of a naval officer, to apply to the Royal Naval Benevolent Society Mr assistance. Her memorial was rejected at the last Court of the Society, on the ground that a lady so connected should not be left by her friends to seek assistance from strangers. - CORONER'S INQUEST.—LOVE AND SUICIDE.—On Tuesday Mr. Baker held an inquest at the Three Crowns, East-road, City-road, on view of the body of Mrs. Elizabeth Hounsou ' aged 60, widow of the late Mr. Hounson, who was the surveyor of the East India Company's navy. It appeared that deceased resided at No. 7, Wentworth-place, City-road, and that she was in the possession of an independent income, a portion of it being a pension from the East India Company. She had been a widow about twenty years. A short time ago she formed an attachment to a gentleman, a resident at Gravesend, who broke off his engagement with her in consequence of a disagreement about pecuniary matters. Since then her man ners, which were formerly eccentric, became still more so, and she exhibited a great depression of spirits. On Sunday last she break fasted with the family of Mr. William Hockley, a medical gentleman, with whom she resided. About two o'clock, upon his return home, finding her bedroom door fastened, he caused it to be burst open, when deceased was discovered suspended by a piece of tape from the bedpost. She was immediately cut down, but there was no sign of life. Among the papers of the deceased was a printed circular from a railway company, which had been addressed to her, and in which she was requested to put down the number of shares she was in want of. Verdict—Temporary Insanity. FATAL ACCIDENT AT PETWORTIL—A son of Mr. Death, aged between three and four years, was killed on Sunday morning last, by being thrown from a gig. Mr. Death had alighted for the purpose of opening a gate, when the horse started off in a trot, and Mr. Death, in trying to get on the step, missed his footing and was thrown down by the wheel. The horse then went off in a fhll gallop ; and the poor little fellow was, about a quarter of a mile off, thrown on his head, the wheel also passing over it. Mr. Death on coming up raised him in his arms, in which he expired befor e h e could get him to the nearest cottage. An inquest was held on the y d , a abteforedr.sreturned. L. Ellls, E sq , Coroner, when a v e rdi c t of r Accidental M onl 'a h " sia MELANCHOLY OCCURRENCE.-T WO LIVES LOST. —On Tuesday forenoon, between ten and eleven o'clock, two men, in the employment of Messrs. Taylor, Walker, and Co., brewers, Lime house, of the names of John Perrin and William Spicer, were unfor tunately suffocated in a vat, the melancholy circumstances connected with which, as they were detailed to our informant by a person in the establishment, were as follow :—Perrin, who was one of the cellarmen, was about to clean a vat, No. 15, and for that purpose asked Spicer, who was a drayman, to assist him. Previous to en tering the vat, it is the custom to lower a candle, in order to prove whether it is free from the gas which, when the porter is drawn off, usually collects from the grounds. Perrin went into the counting house for a candle, expecting that the other man would wait till his return, but, instead of doing so, he put the ladder in vat No. 14, the cover of which had only been removed about nine o'clock that morn ing, when it is supposed he immediately fell Into the vat, being over powered by the effect of the foul air. When Perrin returned, he immediately proposed to enter the vat, and bring out the unfortu nate mall. Against the advice of some of th e men who h ad collected gala:Top' he went dow n th e ladder without the pre e tied round hi s body, l i e in consequence a ha s t i v m hine ilar fate. An attempt was then made to extricate em u a p et i o tt n i ohearing with a them with grappling irons, but without effect. A large hole was then cut at the bottom of the vat, when they were dragged out, but without any signs of life. Mr. Bailey, a surgeon of the neighbour hood, who had been in attendance some time, tried to restore the vii al functions. His efforts, however, were unavailing. The vat in question was about sixteen feet deep, and had contained about 500 gallons of pale ale. The other vat had been two or three days open. Both were steady men, and had been in the service of the firm many years. Perrin was thirty years ofage, and a single man; and Spicer fifty years of age, and a widower. rTivu : E S ln E hA ß eyr l e lp ii, U asFT S: CHARGE OF M UTINY . -L IVERPOOL , . e royal mail steamer Cambria, which a r- Eh nig N i? N h t ° from l' Halifax and Boston, with the North Ame rican mails, brought seven seamen in irons, part of the crew of the British barque Champlain, belonging to Cork, who had been given up by the Unit e d States authorities, ' under the treaty with that country, for examhiation in England, upon a charge of aggravated mutiny, o; and of attempting to sink the vessel they were navigating. On the arrival of the steam , m e! h , o tl f i o e prisoners , were given into the charge of tenlozne w ktn ' t t no li -d h ta a ly nd th ed e t e li h e a m rge o s v a e g r a t i o na t t h t e h c e i m vil w a e u re - Thoinas Y Matthews I s e , stipendiary magistrate. The au thorities, i t * d il e s e , vi and e' lt a "N t twelve . I ;e i tizel, John Cockleston, Her investigated before Mr. names of the prisoners ar e with depositions c,a iisd or. yn taken is tem this fro before m,k eo M m ai a i s ie B a o n y d i e' th j e ob au 3 th V o C ri a ti n e n s ' l hey were most volumi nousexaminedii t to-day, namely, amnadnnHlieninryckewr,ilHliamenr Matthews. the British Consul , for the State Th e of the United States were produced. . captain a to ptam ad P v e a a n to e n ed , there prisoners had hear, ad only th Fro o m ne wri . a it t ne w es e ‘ h ves of seamen in St. John's, and wages ympton, was they had release them aft n ehr o woe u s s ed a; days 3e. bat eau after r t fi. tdcei.rty the terms ofT htheyeircoaurtldielneost, paenrdsuthadereetfhoreer itp i, that they conspired to compel him to put them ashore ing Th o e n fl e rs o t f m th u e tin ir o b ils y, Iftnekwastshown by tte been prisoners a f o e ii e w r d a a e y so commanding ship about, and steer a course quite opposite to that dire' et t e k a llt the captain. The captain, however, succeeded in causing the vessel the keep the right course, and then it was suddenly discovered that the to vessel was making water. On this the prisoners in a body refused to work. It is said an augur was fb und u p on one of the m, and that with this augur they kept continually boring holes, until at one tim e there was eight and a half feet of water in the hold. Bein g in danger the prisoners just pumped sufficiently to keep the ship afloat, then they .‘ knocked off." This conduct was repeated for several b e , u . s. At last a brig hove in sight. The captain immediately hoisted signals of distresi, which were fortunately observed, and boats sent to the relief of the Champlain. The two captains communicated, and the result was, that the seven prisoners, after a long struggle, were placed in irons, and conveyed to the first port, which happened to be on the coast of Maine. A CASE NOT MENTIONED IN TUE GAME-LAWS.--- On Monday evening a covey of partridges were observed winging their flight, apparently in a state of great exhaustion, over the town of Woolwich. Shortly afterwards several of the birds alighted on the ledge overhanging the window of Mr. Nives, a hairdresser in High street, ene of the most crowded thoroughfares in the town. Various attempts were made to knock them down, and at length a neighbour, having mounted the ledge, captured one of them with his hand, which he immediately disposed of for a shilling. Some mali cious wags, however, played a trick off upen the poor fellow, by threatening him with the terrors of a prosecution for selling game without a license. SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—The new sliding scale bids fair to enjoy a short though by no means a glorious existence. For three brief years it has suf fered the singular infelicity of not answering either of the purposes for which it was devised : it has neither procured a good price for the farmer, nor a sufficient supply in the hour of need. The fourth year has come, and, with it, the emergency which was to test the virtues of the scale. Now is the promised day which was to unite those much desired contraries, dearness and abundance—to bring up wheat to 70s. a quarter, and to pour millions of quarters through the Cus tom-house.. But behold, instead of the regular operation of the sliding scale, a coup d'etat ; instead of a long foreseen emergency, a sudden surprise —instead of a splendid proof of Ministerial sagacity, a sudden disclosure of the most inexcusable folly. The wheat crop is by this time ascertained to be indifferent in the quality, and short in the yield. So it is generally throughout Europe, in some countries even worse than in England. The accumulations of the corn-growing districts have been reckoned up with t lerable cer tainty, and found wanting. The Continental prices arc at this moment rivalling the English prices. The potato panic, which has so mysteriously risen and fallen, is much too universal not to be well founded. If there has not been a serious failure. never was there so wide-spread and so audacious a conspiracy to terrify the world. The result is a commercial phenomenon almost unparalleled. At this moment it is impossible to say in what direc tion the currents of human food will run for the ensuingtwelvemonth —whether from Ireland to England, or England to Ireland ; whether from Odessa to England or to Belgium ; whether from England to Belgium or vice versii . Where there are so many calls, the pos sessors are beginning to discover the value of their store. From one end of the continent to another the fortunate holders are beginning to hoard corn either for wealth or fbr subsistence There is a rising cry to open the ports or even to prohibit exportation. In Ireland the calamity seems imminent. Sensible people are counting the months. Next January say some, next April say others, dire scarcity will begin her reign. The cry has at last reached Down ing -street, and to-morrow, it is said, there is to be a Cabinet Council to discuss the famine question. It is then to be settled whether the ports are to be opened by an order in Council, or whether, as some think necessary, by a special session held for the purpose. Such is the early catastrophe of the sliding-scale. It is impossible not to wish an end to this ill-fated contrivance by any means whatever. We are convinced that its existence so far will be found to have seri ously aggravated the difficulties of the next few years. England, and indeed all the civilised world, has just embarked in a vast aggre gate of enterpriae beyond all former precedent, and beyond all mo derate computation of our powers and resources, Works have been undertaken, and wealthy companies have been pledged to their ac complishment, which will require the labour of millions, all to be supported out of the existing store. At any price, labour, iron, stone, wood, food, and other raw material moist be procured, for the workr., once begun, it is ruinous to stop for Pae smallest breathing time. roe pressure on existing capital bids tar to be greater than at any fo'emer era of our eventful history, So great a human effort, brie so far beyond the probable rowers of man, demands every possible alleviation xpsoour assistance. For our own part, we do not hesitate to re ':, that the undertakings to whi c h England is express and eou as vi s et is to t now irrecoverably pl e d ge d, no t to speak of these w hi rl are further meditated, ablost require another whole harvest, another whole Pratting the future o y u ea t r o 's f s th up e p o l ? :te o s f tio th n e , w ne e c l e ard ri our es s o e f lv e e t s vi u li n se de d r l t i h fe e . D ecessity of procur ing by 8,1,37 honest means an immediate supply, Whatever course is adopted at to-morrow's Council, it is, we beßeve, certain that the ports will be opened by same authority, and for some time. The authority is a constitutional question ; the time is one for common sense and common feeling to decide. To open the ports and then to shut them, to lay on duties and then withdraw them by a special Act of the Legislature—by an effort of the whole nation represented in Parliament—seems so impossible a folly, that it is scarcely worth while to discuss its propriety. The sliding scale was to discharge this delicate office. That elaborate piece of legislation, that wheel within wheel, has failed. Will a succession of special Acts be a less cumbrous affair? Will a living sliding scale— not so much Parliament a.s an actual convention of the nation assembled for this purpose —be a more na taral and practicable plan ? It is impossible to suppose—that Parlia ment would meet and prorogue with the intention of holding another extraordinary session in order to watch the progress of the scale— that the Legislature will stand, like Justice in the Westminster Hall cartoons, everlastingly poising the scale—everlastingly re-adjusting the fulcrum, weighting the beam. Such is the happy and honourable conclusion of the Premier's master policy. The nation is forced at tad, on its very knees, to do what even four years back it might have done as an act of justice and humanity. Famine now extorts from our grasp what might have been even regarded as a willing „boon to universal man. So far Sir Robert Peel has degraded us to the reign of slavish fear and brute necessity. Once we might have declared a free trade in corn, now we must. The only consolation is that per haps the work will be more effectual, though less prudent. Four years since it might have been a fixed duty, now it is total repeal. That is all the landowners now gain by their devout subjection to Sir Robert Peel. POST.—The mercantile newspapers seem to be exceedingly pleased at what they now consider the certain doom of the corn-laws. They rejoice in what they are pleased to term the clear and intelligible in dications of the public mind that these laws most be abandoned. The evidence to which they appeal consists of speeches which have been made, or letters (which have been written, by Captain Rous, Mr. Escott, and Lord Ashley. We own that we should not ourselves have chosen these persons as the most adequate expounders of the public mind. Nor do we think the mercantile newspapers would have done this honour, had they not made up their opinion before hand that anything which gave hope of the repeal of the corn-laws, must be in accordance with the public mind, and must be clear, and must be intelligible. The case of that high authority the Hon. Captain Rouse is rather peculiar. He is a much misunderstood gentleman. Some after-dinner reporter, animated with the zeal of a corn-law repealer, and probably with something else, told the world through some newspaper that the Hon. Captain had made a flaming anti-corn-law speech. This was copied into all the other newspapers, and the weight of the Captain's political reputation was added to the repeal cause. At the end of a tortnight, or so, it was discovered by this M.P. for the metropolitan city of the empire that the newspapers had made a corn-law repealer of him. He wrote to say that he was no such thing—that he had said nothing like what had been attributed to him, but, on the contrary, had maintained that restrictions upon the import of foreign corn were wise and neces sary, and that the relaxation of the restrictive system so far as re garded import of colonial corn from Canada was unwise. To no pur pose, however, has the Hon. Captain written. Even the Times will still have the Captain out in the same rank with Lord Ashley and Mr. Escott, to vouch against the corn-laws, and to make him (on the strength of an erroneous and repudiated report) an expounder of the clear and intelligible opinion of the public against Legislative protection of British agriculture. This is the way in which that poor monster, the public, is pulled about by the ears. Writers of newspapers and Members of Parliament take equal liberties with that monster. Each drags him his own way, until at last the monster, partly frightened and partly enraged, kicks up his heels and rushes madly forward, roaring and bellowing and tossing about whatever he fancies for the moment to be an obstruction. Such is the folly, such the madness, which every now and then sways the gravest affairs of national concernment in countries which are governed by what is called public opinion. We are told that a repeal of the corn-laws would soothe the general irritation, and would anfetter commerce from unnatural restrictions. The commercialists think, of course, there are no human beings to be cared for but themselves. Little does it matter to them that between four and five millions of people in Great Britain—two-thirds of them able-bodied men—would find the business by which they live injured everywhere, and in many localities utterly destroyed, by this altera tion ofthe law. This does not concern them. Their sympathies are only with busy towns—where there are steam-engines heaving and straining in the midst of smoke and noise—where there are busy, bustling, speculative men—where there are smart talkers, and news-rooms, and reading-rooms, and mechanics' institutes, and a hundred contrivances to Rive wealth and effrontery the advantages which modest merit seeks in vain. Such communities as these, in which the philosophy that the weakest must go to the wall, and ought to go to the wall, is openly and impudently professed, are those alone which are cared for by the commercialists and their organs. The scattered ham'ets of the country are nothing to them; and, because nothing to them, are nothing in the estimation of a Minister whom no spark of generous feeling ever visits—whose mind is the condensation of a tempting house, and his best eloquence a balance-sheet of opposing items of argument, set forth with the coldness of an arithmetician. The main question is this—does the business of agriculture in this country re quire Legislative protection in order that it may be carried on? Would that business be extensively given up if protection was aban doned? Would it take another form than it wears at present, and become a business which would give less employment to the people than it gives at present? If these questions can be answered in the negative, the corn-laws are not wanted. If, on the other hand, they must be answered in the affirmative (which we believe they must be if answered truly), then the Legislature which abandons protection deserves to be abandoned by the people, and to suffer destruction at their hands. CHRONICLE.—We hear that it is the Intention of the Cabinet to dealingconsider w the th railwayit n question Parliament, at one of their e ar li es t meetings. g enerally, and the p roper mode of Most people will say that they are not only right in their determi nation, but that they ought to have done it long ago. It was matter of notoriety last session that everybody was doing too much except her Majesty's Ministers; that t h e Speaker was over-worked t — ha th t at th t e he Committees Committees on o nßilsltsanwdeinreg over -worked—but, w r s no thing. Mr. Estcourt looked at Sir George Clerk as a day-labourer surveys his overlooker. The one was continually active, the other continually idle. The one was unpaid for over-labour, the other was paid for doing nothing. But this is the least part of the evil. The truth is, a new pressure has come upon the Legislature, and they have not the means of meeting it. Sir Robert Peel praises indus trious committee-men, and has already rewarded Mr. Darby for his septuagint in group XX. But the machine will not work. Another seed time has come, and when the crop is ready for the sickle there will not be labourers to reap it. In agricultural affairs we have the advantage of Irish assistance, but in railways our ju dicatures must be Saxon. But whether there are labourers or not, the thing does not work. Too many Bills must pass in any given year, whether your system be equal or unequal to the pressure, so long as the system continues as at present. There is a want of ge neral control—a want of some superior committee, or some superior tribunal, which shall determine how many millions may safely be expended. The individual Committees decide only upon the Bills, and deal with them, either for approval or rejection, on the merits. They do not take into account financial or monetary questions. They consider whether the London and York, or the Caledonian, is a good line, not whether the country can afford it within the next three years. They are assembled to do justice between the parties. They have nothing to do with the state of the exchanges—nothing to do with the proceed ings of other Committees —nothing to do with the important con sideration of the pressure of their decision on the country. We have laboured in vain, whilst everything was at premium, to bring this before the public, but to no purpose. We have laboured in vain to bring it before her Majesty's Ministers, but ineffectually. Sir R. Peel stood aloof, saw forty or fifty millions voted without an observation, and would still, we verily believe, stand aloof another year, were not the symptoms become alarming, and the necessity of some Ministerial intervention become apparent. He must now, malgre lui, make himself a real First Lord of the Treasury. To him the country looks for safe pilotage in the monetary convulsion that may ensue. His reputation is financial, or nothing at all. When millions and tens of millions are concerned, it becomes a Government to show itself. But what, it will be asked, ought to have been done, and what can be done at present ? Our own notion is, that her Majesty's Government last year, in conjunction with the Bank of England and the Treasury, should have predetermined in their own minds how many millions might properly be voted for railways. Having done so, they should have adopted some mode of selection, by which those which pressed most, on the ground of public convenience, should have had precedence. It would have been difficult, no doubt ; but all useful things are so ; and Governments are established for the prevention or solution of such difficulties. It would not, however, have been impossible. A selec tion might have been made by the Beard of Trade, and would have met with public support, had the reasons been obviously of a public character, unconnected with private interests. If the Board of Trade had taken such a course, instead of attempting what was imprac ticable, and therefore done imperfectly, we should have avoided half the mischief, perhaps half the gambling, certainly a great deal of the confusion that has occurred. But it could not have been done with effect without far more energy, and far more determination on the part of Sir Robert Peel to support his colleagues, than was witnessed last year. They do not commit such follies in other countries. The consummate pedantry of such proceedings is the peculiar glory or reproach of the British Parliament. But be this as it may, a committee, or a commission, or the Board of, Trade, or any authorised tribunal should have selected the lines which required precedency. There might no doubt be Itakes—there are mistakes, and have been always; but there woul , at all events, have been all due means to avoid them, and we believe that they would scarcely have occurred. Nothing, how ever, of the kind was done. Everything was in confusion. Let us now see what must be done next year. For our own parts, we have nothing to recommend but what may be gathered from the observa tions already made. If Government consider that it is safe to spend any more money in 1846. they should first say how much. They should then set themselves to some mode of ascertaining what the lines should be. Now, it is manifest that the lines which have al ready made some progress should be the first to receive a decision. In fact, whatever be the state of the money market, it cannot be bad enough to justify any further postponement of those parties; but with regard to others, we would leave the Selection to a commis sion. If this is neglected, Parliament must, of course, deal with Individual Bills as before, and three or four times a greater number will inevitably pass than is compatible with public safety. DEATH OF M. FORTIQUE, THE VENEZUELAN MINISTER.—We regret to have to announce the sudden death of M. Fortique, the Venezuelan Minister, at his residence in Wimpole- Street, on Tuesday morning. M. Fortique had lately returned from a diplomatic mission to Sweden, and had complained for some time past of cough and difficulty of breathing, but not to such an extent , as to excite the alarm of his friends. It is, however, the opinion of Mr. Erlehden, the deceased's medical attendant, that the immediate cause of the fatal result was a neglected cold and inflammation of the lungs. M. Fortique was about 45 years of age, unmarried, and much and most deservedly respected by the corps diplomatic in this country. - - DETERMINED SUICIDE —Late on Monday night Mr. W. Payne held an inquest at the Bakers' Hall, Harp-lane, Tower-street, on the body of Thomas Cooper, aged 28, tide-waiter in the Customs. It appeared from the evidence that, about a week ago, the deceased had been reprimanded by his superior officer for absent ing himself from duty without leave. This appeared to have a great effect upon his mind. On Saturday last he reported himself " sick," and on the same day took a lodging at the . King's Head Tavern, Harp-lane. On the following morning the servant went to call him at ten o'clock, when he replied that he would be down in a few minutes, but not making his appearance at eleven o'clock, he was again called, and his door was found to be fastened. The police were called in and the room-door burst open, when the deceased was found suspended by a piece of rope from the rail of the bedstead. Verdict— " Temporary Insanity." THE COAL-FIELD IN MARYLAND.--One of the articles in the October number of the National Magazine and Industrial Record is on the subject of the coal-field in the upper and lower, or northern and southern districts, covering 42 and 239 square miles respectively. Of this whole amount, 215 Square miles, or 138,000 acres, are underlaid with avail able coal fifteen yards thick. This, in the common way of working, would yield 50,000 tons per acre, or 32,000,000 of tons per mile; a quantity said to be greater than the enor mous annual consumption and waste of Great Britain. In all the British mines the coal is below ground at depths varying from 30 to 1,600 feet; the Allegany measures are nearly all above the water level. The expense of working the latter is, therefore, much less than that of working the ormer. PATENT GALVANIZED IRON COMPANY.—Tuesday a special general meeting of shareholders was held at their offices. Mr. Malin was chosen chairman. He stated that the meeting was to take into consideration a plan for increasing the capital to 500,000/., in order to meet the largely increasing operations of the company, not only in the special article of their patent galvanized iron, but also in their general operations in rails, boiler-plates, and all ether descrip tions of iron, which the company manufacture in Staffordshire and Wales, and for those purposes it was proposed to call up immediately 100,000/. of the Increased capital. The , motion having hien seconded, was tumultuously adopted by the meeting: London and Birmingham London and Brighton Great Western Bristol and Exeter . London and South-Western . South-Eastern and Dover Tir E N. TIUI MORNING, OCTOBER 30, 1845. MONEY MARKET and .CIT Y NE WS. CITY, TUESDAY EYE Nl\ G. TIMES.—The share market was decidedly better. Now that the first excitement has passed, and much of the rubbish that before encumbered business has been removed, prices exhibit a healthier appearance, and areprogressing towards a fair value. The settlement in se►eral of the new scrips to-day was effected with ease. The account of the last fortnight, which will be arranged on Friday, promises less difficulty than was at first apprehended. The premium on gold at Paris is 1l per mine, which, at the English Mint price of Si. 17s. I O'd. per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of 25 44 ; and the exchange at Paris on London at short being 25 57k, it follows that gold is 0.53 per cent. dearer in London than in Paris. By advices from Hamburgh the price of gold is 430 per mark, which, at the English Mint price of 31. 17s. 1014 d. per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of 13s. lid. ; and the exchange at Hamburgh on London at short being 13 71, it follows that gold is 0.12 per cent. dearer in Hamburgh than in London. The course of exchange at New York on Landon is 1091 per cent., and the par of exchange between England and America being 109 23-40 per cent., it follows that the exchange is 0.18 per cc nt. in favour of England ; but the quoted exchange at New York being for bills at 60 days' sight, the interest must be added to the above difference. On the amalgamation of the various French projects with the Great Northern of France, it has been customary to return so much of the deposits originally paid as exceeded the amount of the deposit required on the shares of the "constituted" line appro. priated to the original shareholders. The directors of the Pepin Lehalleur project have, however, formed an exception in this respect. Instead of returning the whole difference, they have de tained Bs. 6d. on every "constituted" share (one of which is appro priated to the bolder of every 12 original shares), on the somewhat indefinite plea that it is to cover "expenses." The other com panies not having required anything for "expenses," and it having been generally believed that the interest on deposit and the state of exchange between the two countries were quite sufficient to cover all preliminarier.., the holders seem to think that a particular' ex planation of thlsdeviation from an usual course is required. What we/. anticipated with respect to the bankers giving infor mation about railway deposits proves to be quite correct. A cor respondent, who has applied to one of the leading houses in Lom bard-stteet, was referred to the " Committee" of the Company in question, with whose permission, but not otherwise, the state of the balance would be made known. On the other hand, few of the companies seem disposed as yet to volunteer the information. It will evidently therefore take some time to get at the truth, though ultimately it will come out. Parties in the City interested in railway stock are watching with some solicitude the effect which the exposure and fall in price of the mere visionary schemes and bubbles may have upon the old-esta blished undertakings which having got into steady work are paying good dividends. In all such cases it is not to be expected that they can wholly escape from the influence of the general alarm, principally because persons who are in want of money to fulfil obligations for scrip will part with solid stock rather than allow their credit to be injured. In the ordinary state of business buyers and sellers balance each other, and there occurs no excess either way; but the best securities cannot stand under any sudden pressure, and this seems just the case at present with the tried descriptions of railway property. Unless, then, there exists some reason to the contrary, they will soon regain their former estimation, as the prudent capitalist who has kept aloof from the prevalent infection will always have funds in hand to purchase what the other, through his distress and folly, is obliged to throw away, or to part with at a great sacrifice. Great fluctuations in railway shares have necessarily, however, this injurious conse quence—that they prevent timid persons from resorting to them far an investment, and even one instance of the kind may produce both a deep and a general impression. None of the companies stand in a much better position than the Great Western, yet the fact that a purchaser of 10 shares in its stock, less than a year ago, would be now at least 1,000/. the poorer by the transaction, must render a return to the confidence formerly enjoyed a long and difficult work. This great depression has not been wholly pro duced, as it need hardly be stated, by the present crisis ; though the property has materially declined since the publication of the Bank notice. Annexed are the variations which have occurred within the last fortnight, and it is gratifying to observe that some of them are wholly insignificant, and that steadier markets may therefore soon be expected : October 14. October 27. ilighest.l Lowest: I ilighest.l Lowest'. 218% 217 217 214 70 68% 63% 60 162 160 149 145 101 99 90 85 77 77 75 72 41% 41% 38 37 CHRONICLE.—The " standing order," regulating the pay. ment of railway deposits, to which we alluded yesterday, provides that it shall not apply to any railway Bills which have been before Parliament during the present session (that is, session 1845), and which may again be introduced in the next (1846), or which are already provisionally registered, or the subscription contract for which may be already executed, or partly executed, on the 29th day of July, 1845 (not 1844, as stated yesterday by a misprint), but with respect to such Bills a sum equal to one-twentieth part of the amount subscribed shall be deposited as before provided—that is to say, previous to the presentation of a petition for the Bill. The Act, which is :printed in the appendix to the standing orders, namely, the Ist and 2d Vic., c. 117, enacts that every sum paid Into the Bank of England in the name and with the privity-of the Accountant-General,. shall be paid in and placed to his account there pursuant to the method prescribed by the Act 1 George IV., c. 35, which Act simply provides that, when any persons are ordered to pay any sums of money, or any Exchequer-bills, bills of exchange, or other negotiable securities into the Bank of England to the account of the Accountant-General, the party so ordered shell pay the same into account in the name of that officer, and shall take leceipt for the same from one of the cashiers, " which receipt shall be delivered to the Accountant-General." It is not the money or securities that must be delivered to the Ac countant-General, but simply the " receipt," and there can be no legal obstacle, therefore, in the way of an arrangement between the banks who hold the railway deposits and the Bank of England to have the required amount at their credits in the books of the Bank, so that when the Speaker's order is issued for paying the deposits to the Aecbuntant-General, the amounts may be trans ferred from the credit of the banks to an account In the name of that officer. Such railway companies as may have invested their deposits in securities may make the arrangements with the Bank of If.ngland themselves, and have the amount transferred to the credit of the Accountant-General. It does not appear to be neces sary that they should realise their securities, hut they may be placed to their credit at the market price of the day, the depositors, of course, making good the difference should the market price de cline, and receiving the benefit of a rise. Last year the Accoun tant-General insisted on being paid in " money," strictly so to speak ; that is, in coin and notes, and would no doubt enforce the same rule again, unless the deposit banks and provisional com mittees of railway companies take steps to arrange the business in a more easy and convenient manner. LAW INTELLIGENCE. SF,CONDARIES' COURT, Oct. 29. (Before Mr. Secondary Parma.) TURNER AND OTHERS V. THE EXECUTORS OF POORE. IMPORTANT CASE OF BREACH OF COTENANT.—This was an action to recover damages for breach of covenant. The damages were laid at 2,000/. Mr. KENNEDY (one of the Judges of the Sheriffs' Court, Middle sex), appeared far the plaintiff, and Mr. RYLAND for the de fendant. Mr. KENNEDY said this was an action for the breach of several covenants in a lease. The defendants having suffered judgment to go by default, they admitted all the breaches, and the jury, there fore, had only to estimate the damages. The plaintiff§ were execu tors of a Mr. Turner, and the defendants executors of a Mr. James Poole. Mr. Turner had, during his lifetime, leased to Mr. Poore premises at Brixton, leading to Tulse.h7ll, for a term of twenty one years. The lease was made in September, 1841, and the several breaches would show the general negligence. The cove. nants were to paint the outside once every three years. At the time the action was brought, that covenant had been broken, although something had been done subsequently. The lessee was bound to insure—he did not. There was a covenant not to build, yet he had done so, and it was not a question whether it was detrimental or ornamental, for the covenant had been broken. There was a covenant not to demise or assign without license, yet it had been assigned to a Mr. Bedford, of whom he did net say, or wish to be understood as im puting, was an undesirable tenant; but a written notice had been served on him to repair, but he had refused, and the premises were sublet to a very objectionable person, inasmuch as they were allowed to go on in waste and dilapidation. The very object of the cove. nant was to bind the lessee, and it was clear that this covenant had also been broken, and the covenant for payment of rent had been broken, as Mr. Poore died in December', 1844, and a quarter's rent had become due since that time. The premises consisted of a house, garden, and about two acres of ground, inclosed with a fence, and to this the attention of the jury would be more particuarly directed, for besides the covenants for specific objects, there was a general one to paint and repair when need should require, and necessary for the occupation of a tenant at rack-rent : these were ordinary covenants in a lease. The land In question had, 20 years ago, been an open field, and had been bought by Mr. Turner, the testator, who inclosed the whole, making the whole of value, and when he let it, the party taken was bound by all the cove nants, especially in re-letting, assigning which in this case he could not do, however capricious the lessor might be in refusing to grant a license to do so. The premises had been let at a low rent, in consideration of the lessee being bound by the strict covenants. Negotiations had been pending, but they were ineffectual, and the case thus came before the jury. Edsell, examined—Knew the premises five years before Mr. Poore took them. Had worked in the adjoining premises, another house and garden completing the frontage of the land, part of Mr. Poore's field running down the lane behind. The fences were very good in 1841. A bed-room had since been built over the stable ; it could be seen from the road. Cross-examiued—Believed there was a dispute as to who was bound to repair. The fence was post and rails, and latticework. Mr. Whitehead had the premises before Mr. Poore, and repaired them. Mr. Thomas Hudson, surveyor, had let the premises, and thought 551. per year very cheap for it now, with the addition of the bed-room and a water-closet. Cross.examined—The fences require repair, but had not made any professional calculation, and could not make a rough estimate of what would be the amount reqqired to repair. Mr. Bedford was a highly respectable man in the City of London. Witness only wished he had twenty houses and Mr. Bedford would - take them all. Mr. Williamson, a surveyor—Did :not survey the house. The fences appeared to have been neglected, part on the south side (alongside the adjoining premises), and sheep-hurdles had been put up ; all the defects appear to have existed for some years. To set the fence in order it would take 411. 17s. 6d. The palisading could not have been part of the original fence, but put up some years after. Richard Dove, baker, of Brixton, had seen great part of the fence down for two years. Mr. RYLIOCD said this was one of the most hasty and uncalled. for actions which could have been brought, and never would have been commenced, if Mr. Turner had not been an attorney and executor, and could, therefore, have law at trade price. It was clear that the question of fences had been a debateable point even in the lifetime of Mr. Poore, and, without that, there was not a tittle of evi. dence as to any damage being sustained. It was true the pre mises had not been insured the first year, but the place was not burnt down, and, if it had been, he would have been bound. It might have led to a forfeiture of the lease, and so would the non payment of rent ; and if it was an action ofejectment, or to get rid of a bad tenant, he could have understood such breaches being set up, but Mr. Poore died in December, 1544, and no rent was due till Lady-day, 1845, and the action was brought in April. A sum mons had been taken out before ajudge, and an offer made to pay the rent, and Is. for the nominal damages, but it was refused by the plaintiff, and the judge had no power to make the order. Yet the damages had been laid at k.,000/. The question was, whether any real damage had been sustained. Mr. Hudson thought the building the bed-room over the stable an improvement. Half a farthing would be sufficient damage on those counts. The house had been put in repair, and Mr. Poore had laid out 2001. on it. Mr. Berry, the defendant's attorney, proved the proceedings before the judge. Mr. Burgess, a builder, proved he built the additional room and water-closet; they were entire improvements. His bill amounted to 164/. 12s. The SECONDARY considered that in an action of breach of covenant, the defendant might show there had not been any damage. Henry Arcent did work to the amount of 601. in 1842 to the house and fences, and left them in tenantable repair. The disputed part he would repair for 51., and make the whole serviceable for 251. That would make it better than it was before, and he would be well paid, The old fence was some oak, some deal, and some ma_ hogany--in fact, something of everything. —(Laughter.) Accent, painter, did painter's work to the value of 131. in I 184 Sarduei CralYa did s;imilaT wut k iu 1843 to the amount t,t'.4l. Air. John Pearce, bricklayer, did work to the amount of 941. inside and out. Mr. Richard Ray, clerk to the Sun Fire-office, proved the house had been insured in April, 1842, and up to the present time, in the sum of 5001. Mr. Butler deposed to a conversation between Mr. Poore and Mr. Hunter, who said he did not know to whom the fence belonged, but would make inquiry, Mr. KENNEDY replied, and said, after no plea had been put in, it came with a bad grace from the defendants to say no damage had been done, as they might have settled the action in a very summary way by paying what they thought due into Court, and the"p:aintiffs would have continued the action at their peril. It was clear they could not accept one shilling nominal damages. As far as the insurance went, they claimed no special daY. • , r , l although they were entitled to 101. for work done after the .t. trm, peeving that the house was out of repair, yet they would forego it from a spirit of equity, as there was no substantial damage. They would admit that a large sum had been expended, but that has the conditions on which the lease was granted at a low rent. The place, however, had not been painted within three years, and by leaving it another year damage consequently ensued. He urged that the evidence of the dispute as to who was bound to repair the fence was very loose. The SECONDARY said that was the main point. If there was a real dispute defendant could not be charged with a breach of co venant. The dispute, however, appeared to be only as to part. The jury must, at all events, give nominal damages on all the counts. The jury consulted for half an hour, and then said they were all agreed but one. They were then locked up, and ultimately gave a verdict fur 131. 15s. rent, and 201. for repair of the fences, and nominal damages on the other counts. CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT. OLD COURT. The second edition of the calendar exhibits an increase of 24 prisoners, the majority of them being larceny cases. (Before the LORD CIIIEF BARON and Mr. Justice COLERIDGE.) Jean Deemer, a foreigner, was indicted for feloniously forging and uttering a promissory note for the payment of 5,000 francs, with intent to defraud Michael Scott and another. Mr. DOANE said that the prisoner's trial had been, at the request of the prosecutor, put off for the last four sessions, he alleging that a material witness was absent in France. He understood that his Learned Friend, Mr. Clarkson, was not now instructed to prosecute, and under those circumstances he should crave a ♦er diet of acquittal. Mr. CLARKSON said he had had no instructions on the subject. The jury, by the instructions of the Lord Chief Baron, dis. charged the prisoner. George Wm. Reynolds was indicted for having moulds for the purposes of coining, and counterfeit coins in his possessi*'n. Mr. Ellis, with Mr. Bodkin , were for the prosecution, and Mr. Payne for the defence. The facts of the case as they appeared in evidence were these:— In consequence of some information received, Sergeant Tickell of the H division went to the prisoner's house in White Bear-gar dens, Kingsland-road. The door was opened by the prisoner. Witness, on searching his pockets, found three counterfeit half crowns, and in a room up stairs he found fourteen base shillings, moulds, plaister of Paris, metal, pipkins, and the other materials for coining. Corroborative evidence was produced. Mr. PAYNE addressed the jury. He endeavoured to show that the prisoner was not himself the coiner, the real culprit being a lodger not in custody. The pressure of poverty had induced him to assent to these practices, but further he was not guilty. The LORD Cuter BARON summed up, and the jury returned a verdict of Guilty, with a recommendation to mercy, as it was his first offence. Sentence—lmprisonment for twelve months, with hard labour. Wiliam Bassett was indicted for feloniously cutting and wounding Thomas Barrett. Mr. Doane appeared to prosecute, and Mr. Clarkson was en gaged for the defence. It appeared that, on the 7th October, the prisoner, a wharfinger on Uxbridge-moor, came up to the prosecutor's fence, and said, " Nobby .garrCct, I've got a knife for you—l'll cut your throat." He then struck a blow upon the prosecutor's face with some instru ment, ';..nd inflicted a severe wound upon his brow and nose. The ble-od flowed from it, and he was some time after under the sur geon's hands. The prosecutor's wife, and the chemist who dressed the wound, were examined in corroboration. Mr. CtsitKsoN for the defence, described th e whole as a drunken squabble, and contended that the charge of felony must fall to the ground. Mr. Jnstice COLERIDOR summed up, and The jury found the prisoner Guilty of the 'common assault. The prisoner was sentenced to two months' imprisonment, with hard labour. NEW COURT. (Before the COMMON SERGELNT.) Matilda Palmer was accused and convicted of taking a diamond, a ruby, and some money, off the person of Thomas Gardiner. The prisoner accosted Gardiner in Old Kent-road, and put her arms about his middle. Witness felt her hand in his pocket, and seized her as she was about to make off, when she left her shawl in his bands.—Sentenced to nine months' imprisonment and hard labour. Elizabeth Riches, charged with stealing a purse and some money from James Sarsfield, pleaded Not Guilty. Sarsfield was proceeding along Whitechapel, and was accosted by the prisoner, who requested him to walk home with her. She put her arms about his middle and parted from 'him soon after. A policeman saw them together, and, a short distance from the spot where the woman parted, met Sarsfield, with his pockets turned inside out. Sarsfield, who till then suspected nothing of it, found he had lost his purse and money. Policeman went after the pri soner, and found the purse produced, which, as to money, and ap_ pearance, answers the prosecutor's description. The prisoner, without counsel, subjected both witnesses to a searching cross-examination. She is a widow, and appeared in Court with a suckling child. She had been convicted of a former offence, and was now: sentenced to ten years' transportation. John Rowe, Henry Taylor, and Jason Jonathan Bowe, were brought up, charged with stealing eight bags of charcoal and eight bags of charcoal dust, value 11. 75., the property of Messrs. Nyren and Pritchard, manufacturing chemists. Mr. G. Barry—ls a clerk in prosecutor's office. Saw the two Rawer, father and son, come into the yard with a cart ; Taylor followed soon after. John Rowe came afterwards to the office for a note of delivery for eleven bags of charcoal, and four bags of charcoal dust, and paid 1/. I 1 s. Bd., the value of the quantity stated. Mr. Nyren remarked to me, as the cart passed out loaded on the unusually large appearance of the load. It is a rule in our yard, that no:charcoal or dust shall be brought into the yard by any wishing to purchase charcoal. The cart was not examined till it had gone as far as the White Horse on the London-road, about a quarter of a mile from the yard. There might be twenty or thirty men in the yard at the time the cart was loading. Murphy is the man who delivers the charcoal. The note of de. livery i's usually given after the cart is loaded, and Murphy of course is bound to allow no more to leave the yard than the quantity mentioned. Mr. Nyren and his partner are manufacturing chemists. No ticed the cart, and suspected, from the appearance, there must be a greater quantity than that on the delivery note, fifteen bags. Remarked this to the clerk. The cart was then passing out at the gate. He immediately passed out of the office and followed the cart near to Bow-bridge. Never lost sight of it except in turning street corners. Saw the cart after this at the White Horse, where he had it stopped, and brought back to the yard in the keeping of two constables. Came back to the yard for the constables. There was no difference in the appearance of the cart, as he saw it go out, when it came again into the yard. Timothy Drew—ls a police constable. Took John Rowe into custody. Smith, the parish constable, took Taylor into custody, and also brought the cart along to the chemist's yard. Examined the cart in the yard, and counted 19 bags of charcoal. The dust was in the body of the cart loose; both were measured, and turned out 19 bags of charcoal and 9i bags of dust. Murphy (who was at first committed as in the offence,) knows the prisoners. All the three were in the habit of coining often to the yard together. On the 17th September they came with a cart. The two Rower loaded the cart. Taylor was present. Young Rowe went for the note of delivery. I saw the note; it was for 15 bags. Ido not know how there were mare bags on the cart. There roust have been more. I mean by them father and son. Taylor helped me to fill the bags. When they came into thq yard the father said he wished 10 or 12 bags of coal—the son five or six bags of dust. The father gave me 2s. for more measure. The son, when he returned from the office, gave me 4s. for the the same purpose. I measured 12 bags of coal and six of dust. I measured it when brought back again, and found 19 bags of coal and 9i bags of dust. the jury found the prisoners Guilty.—Sentence deferred till Saturday. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. BO W-ST BEET. A young man of fashionable appearance, named Richard Mar tin, was brought before Mr. Twyford for re-examination, charged with forging and uttering a cheque for 121. 125., with intent to defraud Mr. James Taylor, a hosier, carrying on business at 13, Cornhill, and also with swindling several tradesmen of their goods. Mr. Edward Lewis attended for the prisoner. It appeared that on the Sth of September the prisoner entered the prosecutor's shop for the ostensible purpose of purchasing goods, and having selected a quantity of scarfs and other articles, he directed them to be sent to his lodgings, at 36, Craven-street, Strand, which was accordingly done the same evening, with the understanding that they should be paid for on delivery, and on the return of the shopman he brought back the cheque, which subse quently turned out to be a forgery. Joseph Pamplin, an assistant in the service of the pro. 'secutor, said that he was deputed to take home the goods, and upon seeing the prisoner he desired him to step in and untie the goods, which he did. The prisoner having looked over them, expressed surprise that the entire of the articles had not been sent, and on being told the amount, he wrote a cheque, saying that he would require other goods of the same description. Witness repeatedly told him that he had directions not to leave the goals unless he got the money for them; but he was prevailed upon by the prisoner, who said that he wanted them for immediate use, and accepted the cheque, which he brought home to his master. Mr. Charles Hollyer, cashier in the bank of Sir Wm. P. Call, of Old Bond-street, proved that he did not know the prisoner, and no such person kept an account at his employer's house. Henry Tate, 136, G division, said that after meeting with much resi.itance from the prisoner, he apprehended him on the 22d in. stant, in Charles-street, Lowndes.square, and on telling him that he was charged with forgery, and also with obtaining, from several tradesmen, goods under false pretences, he said that the charge of forgery against him was wrong, but " what I have done I am ready to acknowledge ; with respect to Taylor's cheque, it will be settled." He was then conveyed to the station, and several pawnbrokers' duplicates were found upon him. Mr. Lewis submitted that no case of forgery or fraud had been made out against his client, for he had not forged any person's name, and, admitting that he had no account at the bank, it was clear, from the statement of the prosecutor, that the prisoner had selected goods at his shop for which he agreed to accept a cheque, which put an end to the transaction, as the shopman represented his master in accepting of such an instrument. Mr. TWYFORD said that such observations might have effect be fore a jury. He should commit the prisoner for trial. A bootmaker, carrying on business in Oxford-street, said that In the month of June last the prisoner called upon him, and having tried on a pair of dress boots, he desired that a person should be sent after him to his chambers in the Albany, and bring some French polish with him, which was accordingly done; but on making his appearance he told the messenger he should wait, as his servant was then out of the way. The messenger waited outside, such a length of time that the porter inquired what his business might be, and on relating the nature of his business, he told him that he was " done," and that the prisoner had a faci lity of getting away by a private passage, which he showed him, and which subsequently turned out to be the case. Mr TWVWORD observed, as other charges might be brought for ward, he would have the prisoner remanded for a week. The constable said that there were about twenty tradesmen in attendance, who were prepared to prove that they had been swin dled by the prisoner in a similar manner. A hootmaker and a hairdresser, from the Burlington Arcade, said that they had sent home goods to the prisoner's chambers, in Chelsea, for which they never received the amount, and upon making inquiry for Mr. Pembroke, their customer, they discovered that he had fled. It was stated that the prisoner had been in the service of Ler& Saye and Sele, when he occupied chambers in the Albany. He was ordered to be remanded. To use inferior hay, cut all the hay and straw to gether; then form a gruel of offal grain and linseed cake; steep the grain and cake for rorty-eight hours ; mix it hot, press it down and leave it forty-eight hours• The cattle eat it eagerly and thrive on it. A.RKET ES TERDAY.) 01171-EXCHANG The continuance of line weather, and the lama qt,antity 0 English Wheat on sale has produced considerable heaviness in the demand for that description of Grain, and prices ruled somewhat lower for the middling and inferior kinds. Ve . rf little Foreign Wheat was on offer ; neve r th e l ess , th e trade with it was dull, at barely late rates. Holders of bonded Grain were firm, but the amount of business doing was trifling. Barley and Malt sold freely, at very full prices. The supply of Oats being small, the Oat trade was active, at fully Mon day's advanced quotations. Beans and Peas were quite as dear. In Flour very few sales took place. English • • •• • • Irish Foreign • • • • • • ARRIVALS. Wheat. I Barley. 1,780 qrs. 1,370 qrs. 3,790 Oats Flour. 730 qrs. 1,500 sU• 960 5,180 Malt. 1,680 Qrs. WHITECHAPEZ. For each kind of Meat, the supply of which was limited we had a steady demand, at full prices :—Beef from 2e 6d to 3s 8d; Mutton, 3s 6d to 4s 8d; Veal, 4s 4d to 5s 2d; and Pork, 3s 8d to 5s 4d per 81bs by the carcase. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—The Earl of Aldborough and Holloway's Pills.—An astounding Cure by this miraculous Medicine after every other means had failed. See extract of his Lordship's letter dated Villa Messina, Leghorn, Feb. 21, 1845. "To Professor Holloway. beg to acquaint you that your pills havi! effected a cure of a disorder in my liver and stomach which all the most eminent of the faculty at home and all over the Continent had not been able to effect Nay, not even the waters of Carlsbad or Marienbad. (Signed) Aldborough."—These wonderful Pills will cure any disease of the liver and stomach. —Sold (also Holloway's Ointment) at Professor Holloway's establi s h men t, 244, Strand, and by a" medicine vendors throughout the civilised world 11T)ENTAL ECONOMY. - 129, STRANI?; A single Artificial Tooth, ss. ; a complete Set of Teeth , Mr. JONES. Surgeon-Dentist, continues to SUPPLY Natural, *M e ral, and other Artificial TEETH, of unrivalled beauty and durability! without extraction of stumps or any painful operation, on princiPT which ensure certain fulfilment of every purpose of the original tee.: from which they cannot possibly be distinguished. Restoring De cayed Teeth 2s. 60.. each ; or any number fur an individual, 100. Attendance from Ten till Five.-129, Strand. CLARK'S ROYAL WAX CANDLE S IMMENSE SALE. Only One Shilling per Pound ! Yes ; Royal Candles, and their P°: sitive superiority is:established. Thousands consume them, and net: dissenting voice I They snuff themselves, are hard as alabOt::: pure as wax, and cheap as common tallow candles, is their true eS meter. " Their equal is unknown." " Th e i r superior will ne w come." Composite, and all such inferior can dl es , are defied. 15°.-- , but Palace/Wax bear a semblance of equality. To prevent imposition, C. and Co. attach a Gold Label to ef 0 0 packet, without which none are genuine, at Clark's G ene ral and Candle Lamp Depot, 447, West Strand. Please write do,i address. The new light always burning for inspection. Llce granted to Country Agents. kaPENCER'S UHINESE LIQUID HAIR 1 ) ft, changes in a few minutes, without trouble, r ed or grey oDi whiskers, eyebrows, moustaches, &c., to a dark brown or bluck.„l simply using a comb wetted with the liquid. One application ;5 produce a pleasing and permanent change. Price 3s. 6d., 65., 10s. per bottle. ldga tr To be had of the Proprietors, 29,'Nottingham-place, Fie c aw street, Whitechapel-road, London ; also of Mr. Johnstone, 68+ Co d. hill ; Butler, 4, Cheapside ; Prout, 229, Strand ; Sanger, 1500 , ^ - ,„ D d. street; Barclay, Parringdon-street ; Atkinson, 24, Old _Mi n , street ; Hooper, 43, King William-street, London .bridge ; oss Milsom-street, Bath ; Elmore, Bull-street, Birmingham; andto to Per:inners and Medicine Vendors in town and co u ntry. f` any tart of the kingdom by receiving a remittance, past-paid. D ye." Please to ask for " Spencer and Co.'s Chinese Liquid Bair Observe, the Proprietor's address is on the wrapper. BURGESS'S NEW SAUCE, for general 1:0 0 9 LP poses, having gained such great approbation, and the d ep ot for it continuing to increase, JOHN BURGESS and SON b e g ru plie respectfully to effer thus their best acknowledgments to tlt n yeni_; for their liberal patronage of th e same ; it s u tili ty an d gr eat C 0 once in all climates have recommended E. t o th e most dis_w. - octr oreign connections, who have all spoken hi g hl y i n it s reccanw.,nint' tion. It is prepared by them only ; and f or p reven ti n g dissPr o eit went to families, all possible care has been resorted to , /3 02, bottle being sealed on the cork with their firm and addregs , y et as each label having their signature, without which it n7 a,m i genuine. JOIIN BURGESS and SON'S long-established and much l o t ie ESSENCE of ANCHOVIES continues to be p re p are d by StP" the same inanner that has given the greatest satisfaction years. Warehouse, 107, Strand, corner of Savoy Steps, Lor2d . it ng FOR COUGHS, COLDS, ASTHMAS, AND CONSUM- orl v- CUNDELL'S IMPROVED BALSAPiI HONEY. ostir 110 For upwards of fifty years, this invaluable medicine beecoUr ate tamed its reputation as a most effective remedy for the I 'W `' - 4 plaints, and, unassisted by advertisements, has found its , Abp almost every family in the United Kingdom. It is stni ~ with the same care and attention by Mr. Henry Cundell , ',. o 'perti' - ' ries, London, who refrains from all eulogy on its valuable pr o as one trial suffices to prove its efficacy to the most sceptica l. 01 re" May be had in bottles at 2s. 9d., 43. 6d., and 125. 6d. , " spectable medicine venders in the United Kingdom. a, THE BEST APERIENT AND ANTIBILIOUS MEDIC IN, GENERAL USE IS FRAMPTON'S PILL OF HEALTH ' 4 , 6 1) ,,,,a ici1., effectually relieves the stomach strength.oels by gentle _ wo o: Lion, without griping or prostration of They r u hig hif head-ache, sickness, dizziness, pains in the appetites grateful to the stomach, promote digestion, languor and depression of spirits ; while to thoe o, o , f sin a e r s :: heai dnes.! free livers, who arc continually suffering il'onla 5 that will Deb and singing in the head and ears, they offer advantage fail to be appreciated. create_b.. years received to n of its eill- This Medicine has for many and in confirma Mr Front.. most respectable classes of society , dly forwarded to r,eipect, cacy, the followino• letter has been kin uisite to refer any ' if reo , with permission to publish it, and. the approhvaalblotefianietie: able person to its author : " To Mr. Front, 229, Strand , to bear my strong and urso in being able " ' t 's Pill Of " SIR,—I feel pleasure excellence of your 1 ramp on or licited testimony to the efficacious, and very supeti ~ Heavitree, Exeter, April 24, 1844.. lad en d of an officer, an elderlyy. , The widow London. r , rarely having re near relative of mine, has used thetn—ve 3 general medicine. consider a most safe, she has recominendv to other medicines for a long period of 3 them to ad. pt t hem , extensively, and an su d pp in lie o d n t e h i e ns fi t r a s n t e be e they have pig •Ar . In 'e h w a e - r h i s z ; l h f, se induced aPej'is, extraordinary efficacy. I think that perhaps there is s _4ll lO other of the many patent medicines before the public of egg' . o,o ol as a " friend in need"—certainly none possessed of SUperi ° s re COW I shall be happy on all occasions to give them my individr mendation, and am, Sir, " Your obedient servr e o - I , sn . als. gd. Sold by T. Prout, 229, Strand, Lo n d on , pr i ce I's. lYiLaungucut the per box ; also by the Vendors of Medici nes genera lly r.'" -- Kingdom. bser th• ve - • Ask for FRAMPTON'S PILL OF HEALTH, and o o p tll name and address of " Thomas Prout, 229, Strand, Load' , " Government Stamp. _........---°"-'"-'° . Elegant Pocket Edition, price Is., by post Is. 6d. A ct , D R. CULVER WEL L ON MAltilis" its HINDRANCES and OBLIGATIONS . " To be or not to be, that is the question."—ShaksP eare ' Law 6 Contents :—On Matrimonial Eligibility and Unfitness— —.0% Paternity—phenomena of Gestation—On Maternal Intt ueno infelicitous and unproductive Unions—Curiosities oflledic'' ence, Cases, &c. &C. - Also Companion to the same, price Is., by post le. - d. o. CHASTITY; Its ABUSES and DISEASES ( 72 EnsraYint e t ll' These two interesting little volumes are not intended for idleoll discriminate perusal, but they are earnestly offered to the at e'rhslA consideration of those who may be more legitimately an d P painfully interested. fee t ripet-st Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho, 147, Autbt Mann, 30, Cornhill, and all booksellers, or direct iron the t ill 7 ' 21, Arundel-street, Strand. At h ome d a il y till 2 ; EveniiTL/ FOURTEENTH EDITION of the SILENT FRIEND e n ' l'i — Frailty, with Coloured Engravings. , 0 )14. 64 Just published, price 2s. 6d., free by post (i n ase aled envelope) On on FirllE SILENT FRIEND ; a Medical w ' o '. loss .. the Infirmities of the System n both sexes ; and.,u•n. bale ` of the reproductive powers, w ith means o f restora tion. ," effects of indulge' ce, &c., are fully p o i n t e d ou t. Illustrated gravings ; followed by observations on Marriage. L• 01°I. By R. and L. PERRY and C o ., Consulting Surgeons, ..0410 Published by the Authors, and m a y b e h a d at their 19, BERNERS-STREET, OXFORD-STREET. i 3, °s' Sold by Strange, 21, Paternoster-row ; Hannay and C° c" o o3Pie r. ford-street ; Gordon, 146, Leadenhall-street ; Parkins. street, Soho; and all Booksellers. , as _mte " We regard the work before us, th e ' Sil en t F r i e nd, embracing most clear and practical views of a series of efl it ` e an ; hitherto little understood, and p asse d over b y a inaiorirr . L ' vie D v.- (ilea! profession, for what reason we a r e a t a l oss t o know • v orsb l w . however confess that a perusal of thi s wor k h as l e ft s uck a impression on our minds, that we not only recommend, bel, o frill q, wish every one who is the victim of past folly, or suffering .. n - d dirij iffr o i cretion, to profit by the advice contained is it s p ages ." —Age The CORDIAL BALM of SYRIACUM i s exolusive', — ,Y OO Of to the cure of nervous debility, i rregu l ar it y , weakness, Ol e petite, indigestion, consumptive habits, an d d e bilities sr`na n't excess, &c. In bottles, price I ls., or the quantity of fof,, bottle for 335., by which lie, are saved. The Ave-pound be had as usual. 001 The CONCENTRATED DETERSIVE ESSENCE, l Os for searching oat and purhying the blood f r om Scali a ' on the head, face, and body, u l cera ti ons , an d affections arising from improper treatment or the effectil of removing secondary symptoms, and all eruptions of the W. 4 4.1 1 ls. and 335. per bottle. ot. PERRY'S PURIFYING SPECIFIC PILLS, price 2s. and 1 le. per box, are the most effectual remedy for stricter " ' nation, &c., without hindrance to business. Se e _it rir Consultation fee, if by letter, 11. Minute detail of caa. , -, t o—. n a Messrs. Perry are in daily attendance, for consultation, 'O2, sidence, 19, Bemers-street, Oxford.street, L on d on, f rom IL o nit 5 till S. On Sundays from to till 12. One personal visit cessary to effect a permanent cure. as 51/ 1 , THE SECRET COMPANION. —FULL LENGTH EIC,"g.,---geslos Just published, 16th edition, 2s. 6d., free by post, in a 1."1" envelope, 3s. 6d., T " edical SECRET COMP A A nd a M Work on the baneful effects of Indulgen, n c lsriag e * fection, with means of restoration, with observations en By R. J. BRODIE and CO., Surgeons, Londo n ' o ster - r_ s e ;; Published by the Authors, and sold by Sherwood, Patel as .%• Hannay and Co ., 63, and Sanger, 150, O xror d- s t ree t ; ru r , Brr i ;, 'l ton-street, :Soho ; Noble, 114, Chancery-l ane ; Barth, Do don. street, Covent-garden ; Gordon, 146, L ea d en h a ll-street Wood, High-street, Birmingh am ; N ew t on, Church-stlss . cli eArt g pool ; Westmacott, Manchester ; H eron an d C o., 6, Ls"; e street, Dublin ; Her, 16, Leith-walk, Ediuburgh ; Ferr i* Union-street, Bristol ; and by all B o ok se ll ers I n t o wn a*d boas OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. i n 0 ° tions " This is a work of great merit, and should be placed .. nd jscre4 of every young man who is suffering from past folly an d !„ to D e " - contains many valuable truths, and its perusal is ce rtain him in many ways."—The London Mercantile Journal' # r e's ( - 0 1-- ra ud THE CORDIAL BALM OF ZEYLANICA ; or, lof r i Its, _Tut,. Restorative, possesses wonderful efficacy in all cases °f • c o: i ache, weakness, heaviness, and lo wness o f spirits, dunottl•4' nervous debility, irregularity, and wea k ness . Sold n faf naf . a f 4s. lid. and 1 ls. each, or the quantity 0 c of four 1,31 " oos bottle for 335., by which one 11 s . bottle is saved. Th e get, be had as usual. d '' t er BRODIE'S PURIFYING VEGETABLE PILLS, dual- i f 'i e e .n n d A lt 4s. 6d., and 115 , per box. The se Pill s are th e most e moo' ' — goldl every disease in both sexes, includin g seco ndary sYtlisinetsi en util external diseases of the skin, without hi n drance ie 11. by all medicine vendors. Consult a ti on f ee, if by lett detail of cases is necessary. Messrs. BRODIE and CO. are in daily attendan ce Nr C e t r ela t rith e7. at their residence, 27, Montagu-street, Russellto to the ' British Museum), London, frens 11 In the morning Pe'" quired v i sit ing, and on Sundays from 11 till 2. Only one Pe'" quired to effect a permanent cure. On the 17th inst. , a t the ---_ MR7IIB Gove rnnien t-bUildings , - ofJames J , effery, Esq., of a daughter Onfl g lad/ of th e ' On th e 23d init., at Westover, Isle of Wight, the Willi • 'am a Court Hol mes, M.P of n BOY the "el' of the On the 24th hist ,at Stock aso . . port, Cheshire , f Thackeray, of a soU. the lady ° On the 2F ..th inst., at Montagu-street, Montarv,-square, Franci- ' Loose, Esq., of a son. WS r itS On the 27th inst., in Clarges-street, tire Lady Augus Clarence, of a daughter. _,,, TAr ixtoll , On the 27th inst., Mrs. T. B. Legg, T-Zoaley-road, Nor , " of a daughter. . Frovr ick, thy, ladl MARRIED. Chllls. On the 6t of Augus last at Vicoria Church. Hong Tang, John Pope, h Esq., Civil Engine,er, tit Clarissa Rosa, only datliiru''', T. Cobham, Esq., of Ware, Hertfordshire. On the 25th inst.. at Christ Church, 31arylebone, E. CO' to Elizabeth Ann, daughter of the late Captain HollingberY' Regiment. E 394,10, DIED. On the 23d inst., at Lutwyche Hall, Salop, Ralph Benson, of On the 23d inst., Ann , widow o f W i ll i a m Blissett, Esq., f house, Hampstead, aged 71. On the 24th inst., in Kentish-town, Thomas Orchard, ESQ. On the 24th inst., at Dulwich, Charles Druee, Esq., aged 8 4. On the 4th ist., a London-wall s Mr. Nll, aed 78. of On the 26th n inst., t in Portman: quare, e Ladgy Strafford, wife General Lord Strafford, G.C.B. w ife of Car On the 2(1 ult., at Nussurabad, Bengal , M rs. Fordyce, tam the 24th d i nst.,o John Foryce, Mr. Will ia Bengal Artillery. ngtoti• O London : Printed and Published by MI7RDO YOUNG. rr of li lt ' a; ; Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, No. 112, Strand, In the )", Oc ,bir the Savoy, In th e County of Middlesex . Thumbs"" 30, 1846. TriE That a C Will be bet( 17th Dem ~ THE ffint the win 1W sill all , l OPEN, Tit:it the Payable on the AA 3d On that day A.Ti c Inst '4l W WI re Sk i tlit tred h "is t,•rfei leb.-ible f ) ; a ter b tlnere z t, Sf U Z I% 0 1 2)11 :0 " 1 rs, Nik "rilryh 41 IcY el ?. Prom kr 1 463 74 1 V ‘ s et ili Z i ! " ' VII E y CI ATIO I N Ca/ abrovi sl t °n 11 4 _Com er C ko r r e e east ; ,A,..extensiv t;rlon to thf ih t s they pr ,tt_L a tle of b t t h4 raw ie tkr e - „—at de: ;Amy th ;, litt uts .let o Cr bo i lle a r i Ta t ie r t ke7 .4Pl J om ,sh! V 4 t to! win bi S t z slpaei ttplic; 1, ° I I inn 'V IE 11 r. h t itnibo I be till t o o ftered . 'Paint 6s. Net °l4l ttid obis c th e tt 0 1 ; It e x; Ot tw. Sum, %au' to th ter tl v i e t to I tho le ba il %•„L.4, a , 4 mto t to ttli PPli eati t he sobj r , y id fiery,t. r 5144 t. fin, , 3 totr;"rooet t i 4 ' ; Par ttl ah n r al totia Railt( .44 Pro, 114, - " .11 . Nei 1 4 tis P t t 1 / 2 ( 4. tit, ilez —. th" • eat the : li e, 44. Veldt ' t * Sig ~,~