The Sun. — London, England, 1844-07-01 00:00:00

INTERFERENCE WITH HOURS OF LABOUR. DISSENTIENT— , I. Because all reason and alI experience - have pro- , mounced clearly and absolutely rigani . st ,interfering by laws with the right which indi v id u al s, have to empleY their capital and their labour according to .their lOWA views of their own interest, and se 'Meg as be immoral lity is eommitted, and no encroachment is made upOn the - rights of others, all persons are entitled to diepose of their property and direct their industry tta they think moat conducive to their owe benefit, or their own comfort. 2. Because of the two, labour ought - to . be the most scrupulously protected from all interterenCe, inaeietith ais it constitutes the sole possession and only. power .of the great bulk of the people ; inasmuch as the labourer .cannot flee, like the capitalist, from vexatious oppres sion, and inasmuch as any interference with his free - exertion operates directly upon the great mainspring of the whole social machine, producing consequences which can neither be foreseen nor counteracted, and affecting i interests be most serious, extensive, and remote. - 3. Because the folly of all such interference with' capital and labour is as glaring as its injustice, there being no one truth in any branch of science more incon teseible than this—that individuals can judge far better' of their own interests, whether as_ regards their gains, or their health, or their eomforts, from their nearer percep • tion and perfect knowledge of all the circumstances - upon which their interests depend, than the rulers, who can only see the same things from a distance and in the general, and it being a truth equally beyond dispute that individuals will always pursue their own interests more unremittingly than the State, which has neither the means of providing for each man's benefit, nor the militant incentive of personal feelings to keep its care anti attention ever awake. 4. Because the present means affords a proof how dangerous it is for the Legisla!ure ever to take any , step in a wrong direction and depart from sound principles, tinder the influence of a temporary pre sure, and how in evitable the consequence is that the mischief will not stop short where it began; for no sooner did the law prohibit the employment of young persons above twelve hours a tlay, than attempteivere made, and proved very success to restrict their employment two hours more; and no sooner did the law prohibit adult females from being Suffered to work of their own free will in mines. than the present measure declared adult females of all ages ineepable of judging for themselves how long they should work in factories, absolutely forbidding them from la bel-tiring above a certain number of hours, as if it were an offence in an able-bodied woman of thirty or forty to stork as long as she pleased, and ordering her, under severe penalties, only to earn a certain sum by the day, in return for the laliour of her own hands; to all which may be added the fact that many persons have supported the present Bill, and some have propounded a still further, extension of the scheme, upon the declar e d groun d th at , aftee the Legislature had; once begun the system of in- . terferenoe, it was too late to question its propriety, and there was no possibility of stopping short where the for mer measure had left the question. 3. Because it is the grossest absurdity for the Sore . eziget to pretend that he knows better than his subjects how long they can work with safety to their health and comfort, to prescribe how much they Shall gain by their labour, or generally to take upon'himself the manage ment of other people's concerns an absurdity as great trs the labourer- 'would commit `who should take upon , himself the work of government and dictate t 2 the law- Over in Idiot manner his measures ought to be framed. 6. Because it is the grossest blindness to imagine that the hAppiness of children is better promoted by the ne cessarily general and careless superintendence of the State as the common parent of all, than by the special and near watchfulness of the individual parents over their progeny, whom Providence has wisely entrusted IPO their eare, creating feelings and instincts expressly adapted to the purpose, and of far great er force and far more amount operation than any Mechanism which rulers can substitute, although tile inevitable conse qeence of providing such substitutes must be to weaken the parental instincts, upon which, after all that the law cei." f! . .0, the lawgiver must in the end be forced to depend. 7. Because it is the grossest hypocrisy to pretend that the interests of morality can be promoted by interfering *ith the labour of the people, inasmuch as idleness is the root of all evil, inasmuch as grown-up women, if pre vented from working when and how they pleaae, are far more likely to employ their time viciously, and in courses which no hsw can restrain; and inasmuch as no attempts are ever made, or even thought of, to promote morality among the upper classes by any compulsory provisions whatever. B. Because it is the grossest inconsistency to single out one branch of industry for the, subject of expeti stiens--how much tyranny over th e capitalist and the la bearer may be safely exercised; and to affect an especial care for the health, and comfort; and morals of one class alone among all the numerous bodie s o f worle mea, for whom th e dents of the community find em ployment, it being quite notorious that the sufferings are eqaally lamentable, which many other classes have una voidably to endure from toil and want, the caprice of employers, and the vicissitudes of the seasons ; the hard alops of their lot in life, and the effects Of errors in le *station; the order of nature, and the faults of rulers. 9. Because as instances of this glaring inconsistency • may lie oited, the facts stated in the Reports of the Poor - 'bar Commissioners to the Commons House of Parlia putt toeching the condition in different districts of hus bandry. Labourers beginning to work at a very tender Jxposed to extreme hardships in their daily toil, and „running no small risk of having their morals impaired as well as their education neglected. Women and chil dren de the work of which they are capable, and they begin their employment as early as five or six, and even, in some instances, foie years of age. They have in some places to walk seven miles and more to their work, re turn borne unpaid when the weather is unfavourable, and when paid, receive extremely small sums. They go to work flk seven in the morning, and continue till dark; in aiwnmer till nine o'clock. Unless they can finish a cer tain task of work they get no wages at all. There is no classification of ages or of characters, and the mot pro ' iligate persons associate with those of ;tender years and comparatively innocent habits. Sortie of the re por:a disclose a frightful amount of immorality as the result of this admixture ; and the returns of illegitimate pauper children for the whole kingdom show that there u a far greater proportion of them in agricultural than in manufacturing districts, in the proportion of to one upon an average. Now all these sufferings, though exceedingly to be lamented, have never been deemed fit subjects of legislative interference, nor have the severe suffeeings, both in health and morals, of many manufac turing districts, ever been so regarded, all interference being confined to the single branch of cotton-spinning, for this reason, among others, that were the compulsory enactments of the law extended over all the branches of industry, thii country would oease to be the habitation either of wealthy capitalists or thriving labourers, but would be left to the advocates of the new system of meddling, and the inmates of the workhouse under their protection. 10. Because the most glaring evils in the condition of the poor, both parents and children, are daily under the oyes of the Legislature, and are so far from being checked, that they are encouraged by its members for their own convenience, because these evils_cotild only be erackleated by imposing restraints upon the natural liberty of the people, and interfering with the voluntary eoutracts made for their employment. 'rho practice of women suckling the children of others devotes hundreds of thousands of children to diseases arising' from insuffi • dent nutriment, procuring the death of - many, and tend ing little to improve the national character. This prac lice has been blamed by all moralist., lamented by all persons of a sentimental cast, and objected to by politi cal reasoners, but no attempt has ever been mule to re strain it ; lawgivers justly deem it to lie beyond their proper province ; and, refusing to interfere with the la bour of females capable of judging for themselves, al though the interests, and even the lives of helpless in fants, might seem to claim protection. 11. Because, however deplorable may 'be the devotion. of young children to labour instead of instruction, and howeyer desirable may be the liberation of females from all but domesticwork--one of the surest proofs of advanced civilisation, this can only be the slow ,and spontaneous growth of that progressive improvement in the condition, 9eid, with the condition, in the habits of the people; and it, is manifest that when the lawgiver interposes with re stsent upon capital and labour, he is certain to retard ituft progress, to worsen the condition of the people, to prevent their habits from mending, and thus to produce or exacerbate the very evils which he affects most to dread. 12. Because the grossest delusions have been, and, in many instances, too successfully, practiced upon the working classes, persuading them that measures like the present are for their benefit, and that the levrs are more tiled? friends than their employers, an absurd notion has thus been propagated, that by Act el Parliament, roes may receive wages without doine , work e and they have been taught to suppose that the question is not whether they shall be permitted to work as much as they please, and earn as much as they can (which is the real matter in dispute), but whether they shall for the some wages work a longer or a shorter time ; and an equal wild fancy has been made to prevail, that the gain of the master is made at the workmen's expense, whereas every rethrcting person must perceive that, in exact pro porii.t.n to the increase of capital employed in any trade is the amount of remuneration which can be afforded to the labour whereby that trade is driven. 13. Because the wants of society , present a fair and an ample field in which the provi dent humanity of the Legislature, as well as of emi nent individuals, may be exerted for the improvement of the people's condition upon rational principles, and without violating any right of the subject, or any rule of sound policy ; by amending the crimieal_ law and the , ponce system, so as to protect the young from the con tamination of old offenders; by rendering the punishment 'of all offences speedy and certain, instead of leaving it to mere hazard ; by unfettering industry from the shsckles under which the relics of a barbarious age still leave it to pine ; and above all, by bestowing upon the poor the in estimable blessings of a sound education, providing the means of infant and adult training. and leaving the pace.. FM to avail themselves voluntarily of the edvantages thus wisely brought within their reach. (Signed) BROUGHAM. [AIioVERTISEMENT. ]— D ISE SED ExTRAORDIFIARY BY ITOLLoWAY'S Aikins, widow of the late Captain Aikins, residing, at Consaught- terrace, Edgewaro-road.. This lady had beeu in India, where her liver and stomach became dis °axed. Ito much so that she could scarcely keep the slightest, food on her stomach. She was very. weak and ri6 bilitated, and suffered continually from sick headache, nervousness, and lowness of spirits. In six weeks, ,CoVilVer wonderful it ulti,y appear, she was restored to a state of health by this unrivalled medicine , which is iertain remedy i n all liver, bilious, and stomach coin pleints.—Sold (al so Hollowa;'s Ointment) at Professor Holloway's Establishment, 244, Strand (where advice may be had gratis), and by almost all respectable Van &'s tbrineattiteiviliswworm, TIM SALADIN. MASSACRE OF THE COMMANDER AND OFFICERS, AND MURDER OF THE. CHIEF MUTINEER. i 3 )OfiSOR, ESQ., SE - METAiRY TO LLOYDS t " Halifax, Nova Scotia, June 10, 1844. - Sir, —During the absence of the writer, a reply was sent to yours of the 20th of February, and advantage takeu of the 'opportunity to state his proceedi ge in eon. , VeAtience of the loss off this coast of the *alatlit4 VOparaiso. We now vocinuo the harraiive. writer . returned fi-Ottl the wreck in her htekleity's sohoonV, hit Rosamond, _on the avcinink of the 3d, With 14 bars of silver ai'd 7,755 dollars in- silver. Tise remainder of wt at was saved, consisting of 705 pigs of o4p4r, sand the ship's"materials, were put t)ti beard two small vessels, and have since arrived. Another vessel has' been sent to the *reek, with the . view to, save the retnainder of the copper. it is feared the guano will be 'R • total loss. In Censequence of the suspieion of piracy and tnurder 'which attached to the ere*, the Court of Admiralty tiok the custody of the property out of 011 r hands.' The Men were arrested . oa stripicion, and placed ih solitary confinement. After the lapse of two or three days, the writer reeeived letter, of whieh We enclose a copy: lit itnmediately repaired to the gaol, where he heard the most appalling disclosures it has ever been our lot to listen to. When it was known that two had confessed their crimes a dis position Was evinced by the others to relieve their cmi seirlAtts of the weir which oppressed them, and from r them WeeceiVed all corroboration of their statement. We send tt V6rbatim copy of Jones's confeSsion, which minutely the terrible atrocities Which were enacted on boa . rd the Saladin. The captain (Fielding), who appears tO have been the instigator of the mutiny, had bseu master of the ship Vitale, of Liverpool, which ship had been seised by the Chilian Government while engaged in some nefarious voyage. A statement of the transaction has been forwarded by us to the owners of the ship' and consignees, whose names could be ascer tained, A great number of the, letters awl papers ,were wantonly burnt or otherwise destroyed.---"We.remain, Scc. (Signed). LLOYD'S AGENT." [con - OF NOTE REFERRED TO IN THE ABOVE LETTER.] Her Majesty's Gaol, Halifax. June - 8, 1844. Dear Sir,—William Carr and John Galloway want to make a confession to you -concerning the - So.huhu, and what happened to the Officers and part of the crew ; therefore we would be glad to know how soon you could get an opportunity to hear it, for we know not the moment we are launched into eternity, and . we can never, expect to find happiness in another world.—We are, Sir, yourfiumble servants, (Signed) WILLIAM CARR JOHN GALLOWAY. CONFESSION OF GEORGE JONES. I, George Jones, first joiner of the Saladin, at Val paritiao, crew twelve in number, and two others (Captain Fielding and and his son Ge - orge),• was working my passage as sail-maker, but acted as steward, by Captain M'Kenzie's request, until after passing Cape Horn, when J. Galloway took the situation, and I repaired some of the sails. While in the cabin, as steward, frequent dif ferences occurred between Captain McKeezie said Captain .Fielding. The latter,' in conseqberiCe, Would' often - re- fuse to come to table at meals ; and I have heard Captain M'Kenzie say to the mate on these occasions, that it served him right for giving Fielding a passage free. When Captain M' Kenzie came on deck, Fielding several times cursed him, and used abusive language. Used then to come to me and tell me what he had said about his quarrels with Captain M'Kenzie, and then talk of the amount of money on board, and what a fine prize a pirate would make of them. Asked me .I would fight against them if attacked. He would not. Cap tain M'Kenzie used to - drink i'gOod deal. Field ing on one occasion said to - me—" Now, Jones, if you want to save your life, now is the time. I have spoken to the carpenter, and I intend to be master of i -this ship." At another time Fielding, in my presence, made a motion to show how he would cut Captain McKenzie's throat, saying, at the same time, - "'Damn you." This was when Captain M'Kenzie was on the ladder piing from the cabin to the deck, and had his back to him (Fielding). When I attempted to acquaint Captain McKenzie of it he stopped me, saying, " You damned Irishman,. I want to hear nothing." While I acted as steward I scarcely ever had a civil word from him. He was continually cursing and swearing at me. One afternoon Captain Fielding said to me, " You did not come on deck, as I requested, last night ; you had best do it. You will lose your own life if you don't. The other watch will do it, and you will be killed." I understood that he meant by this that we were to take possession of the vessel. I soon after mentioned this to Hazelton, in the galley, .by Fielding's directions. Hazelton laughed, and said, with an oath, there could not be a better chance ; there was a great deal of money on board. Hazelton went out. Wm. Johnston then came in, and I said to him, "There is curious work going on ; that Fielding is a queer man. He wants to make a haul—Hazelton will probably let you know about - it." Before night it was known to Hazelton, Johnston, and myself. They both told me Fielding had spoken to- them about it, and that all was right. A day or two passed over, and on Friday we were bending sails. The Dutchman was getting them I out, and I said to him, " There is going to be curions wqrk on" boarii." He asked what was that, and I said that Fielding, Jack, and them, were going to take the ship, and kill Sandy (meaning Captain McKenzie, thus named by the men). Andersen replied to this imme diately, " By God, I'll take a knife and cut his throat (meaning Captain M'Kenzie). He shall no more strike me away from the helm." I then mentioned to Hazelton what Anderson had said, and he replied that he would get him all right ; and he would talk to him. He did so when in the foretop, and Anderson willingly consented, and expressed more satisfaction than any one on board. He talked and laughed about it. Captain Fielding then came to me and said the vessel must be taken that night (Friday). I did not go on deck that night (being sailmaker I had no regular watch to keep), but all the persons engaged in the plot expected me, and afterwards asked me why I did `not come. These were Fielding, Johnston, Hazelton, and Anderson. I excused myself to Fielding by saying I did not think he expected me, to which he replied, " It is of no use making a fool of yourself ; if you go back your life is no more. Next day (Saturday) Capt. M'Kenzie and Fielding had a seri• ous quarrel on the poop, which was heard by all the men on deck, about the ship's gig. After this Fielding said, " This night it must be done ; they were all ready, and, if I did not come up, my life would be no more." I went to bed in the forecastle ; Johnston, Hazelton, and An derson were in the same watch under the mate, and the deed was to be done in their watch that night. I went en deck between twelve and four, while they were on the watch. I was-then told it was arranged that Field ing should keep up a conversation with the mate, during which Johnston should strike him with an axe. The mate was lying on the hencoop. Fielding C4MO forward and said to us, Johnston, Anderson, and myself,- " Now is the time ; the mate is asleep." He - said it was best to send for Jack to see what he said about it, that there might be no mistake. Johnston ac cordingly relieved Hazelton. The latter agreed to pro ceed,and returned to the helm. - It was then proposed I should take the helm and Johnston kill the mate, and that Fielding, Hazelton, ' and Anderson should go down to attack the captain in the cabin. I accordingly went to the helm. I saw Johnston then strke.the mate with an axe. I think Anderson also struck him. Fielding, Johnston, and Anderson threw the' body overboard. Some time was then spent consulting what to do, and I afterwards learned they were in doubt how next to pro ceed. Anderson.' and Hazelton went into the —cabin to attack the captain, but returned, fearing as they said, the dog would bite them. It was then agreed to make an alarm, and strike the captain as he came up from 'the cabin. Nothing more was done for a quarter of an hour, when the captain rang hia'bell three or four times, but no answer was given to it. I was much agitated whilst at the helm ; it was, several times taken from me by Fielding and Hazelton, in consequence- -of getting the ship in the wind. Fielding and the others went to the main-deck, and I heard nothing for some time, until I heard the carpenter's voice in the water. This alarmed me, as I understood-the captain was to be killed before the carpenter was to be disturbed, and I exclaim ed, " Oh, Lord, there is a man overboard !" With this Fielding ran 'immediately on the poop, and shouted, " A. man overboard !" as loud as he could, the Swede follow ing. him. The captain (M'Kenzie) ran out the com panion, and as he came tip Anderson struck him ; the 'blow did not kill hiin ; he ran after Anderson round the' cOmpanioh. Fielding' then called me, "Damn you, why ' d.,n't yOu run after him.; if you don't lay hold of him I will give you a clout that will kill you. I let go the helm and4ent round the companion, and the Swede and Captain M'Kenzie were struggling' together. Fielding again said, " Damn you, why don't you lay hold of him ?" I then took hold of his -heads, and Fielding struck him two blowa with the axe, which killed him. While in the act of striking. McKenzie, exclaimed, " Oh, Cap tain Fielding ! oh, Captain Fielding, don't Fielding " Oh, damn -you, give it to you 4" Field. ing hauled him forward -in front of the com panion, and struck him again, and then threw him over heat-V. When Fielding, Hazelton, Anderson, and John ston, went down to take some liquor, and said, "The ves sel is naw . our own." I was relieved from the helm, and went below to get a drink, I came on deck, and Field ing addressed his son, saying, " I am captain." Tho son said, " It was a pity that I had not a -blow at Sandy.", They all assembled on the qnarter-deck, and consulted how they were to dispose of the rest of the crew, who were forward. Fielding proposed calling the watch ; they all agreed that Hazleton and Johnston were to go forward and call the watch ; that Ishould lie down in the long-boat ; that 'Anderson was to stand by the mainmast, pretending to be asleep ; Fielding in the companion. When the man came to relieve the helm, they agreed to take his life. During this time Collins came on deck and went on the head. When the watch was called, JeM came up ; he went to relieve the helm ; Anderson struck him, a 3 I understood, with a hammer, and. he was thrown overboard.' I heard no noise in the boat. The other two men Moffatt and- Rollins, who had gone done again, were then called up. They came up, and Moffat sat down on the spars, fore part of the galley. Hazelton struck him, as I understood, ,with en axe, and killed him. I heard the blow, and after I came out of,the boat I saw his body; I assisted Ariderton 'and Johnston in throwing the Ipody overboard. Before Moffatt way thrown over . beaill Anderson went forward, struck Collins tin the head, and'he fell into the water. I did not see the blow, but I heard Collin's exclamation on .receiving it. Some time after this it was proposed by Wielding to do away with the cook, Carr, and the steward Galloway, but the rest would not consent. Fielding then said, be would -let them work, -and-. he would find, a, way to get .rid of. them. The' cook came aft about six o'clock. Was alarmed when Captain Fielding told him the ship was ours; that all the crew remaining were on the poop. The cook asked what it meant; he was told,. and ap peared quite- satisfied. Galloway came aft laughing, -OA when b. was infbrmed of what had marred did not appear alernied l ito said it was a pity lie 4id iiot know abotit it; as bewould liefe liked td.htt4e liad a,btit at Sandy, niettning Captain M'keniie. Stifiln time a ft er, on the sante day(Stinday) we all swore on a Bible to be loyal and brotherly to eaoh other. The day after a carving knife, which had been in the cabin, was missed, which Faye us all some uneasiness: A pelt of ptstole were discevered titiclek a table by Johnston, and Wheil he Wait going oh deck he beekOned to me gl en to 0,4 however, *eta tip • Fieldkng *as then eck; and confuted a screch put down tne skylight in the after cabin. fle said he wished it to . air the cabin? Haziten and Johnston} came afterwards on deck, end t 4 l) • latter told the former a,l!ont the. pistols Under the table which, eatised its all alarm, as we had thrown, as we &night, all the fire-arms overboard, except a musket in - the after•cabin, which Fielding wished to keep to shoot fowl. We went below and asked Fielding what he knew about the pistols; he said he knew no thin. After search we found a large copper vessel with powder, and threw it and the pistols over board, with which Fielding expressed himself satisfied. Anderson informed us then that Fielding purposed to do away with the cook, Galloway, Johnston, and myself when we heard this, we accused Fielding, who tlenied it. After this we discovered a bottle of poison in a locker, of which Fielding had kept the key, and the carving knife which had been mis6ing. The cook then said he Would not rest until Fielding was thrown over board. Fielding was 'then secured by Johnston, his hands and - feet being tied ;he was kept thus for sodie time, asking us to heave him overboard, screaming and shouting so that Johnston gagged him by cur request. He was led upon deck by Hazleton and Johnston, and was laid down close to the quarter. After breakfast, while we were all sitting on the hencoop, the cook and Galloway requested that he might be thrown overboard. We all then agreed he should go, and the cook and Galloway went immediately forward, with out saying to us what they purposed doing. The first we beard were the screams of the boy as they were put ting'him overboard. While clinging to Galloway the boy (Fielding's son George) tore some of Galloway's clothes. We then agreed that Galloway should take charge of the ship as navigator, he being the best scholar. It was proposed to go to the Coast of Cape Breton, or Newfoundland, to scuttle the vessel, and take the long boat up the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The money was di vided amongst us all. On the night before the mate was killed, when I came on deck,. I was going aft with Captain Fielding and An derson •, we stopped about the mainmast, and I turned back, being frightened, and there seemed a sort of panic, from whichlthought they might give up the plan altogether. Fielding then came after me, and asked" What is the matter ?" • My answer was not satisfactory. He then said, " D— you, it you don't go back and not make a fool of yourself, I will kill you right out." Fielding had a carpenter's adze .in his hand at the time. I was quite alarmed by the threat and returned with him. (Signed) . GEO. JONES. The confession voluntarily made in the presence of Hon. MICH. TOBIN, Hon. J. W. JOHNSTON, Attorney-Gen., J. J. SAWYER, Esq. High Sheriff. From the foregoing confession it. y be, inferred that it was. the wish of the wretch Fielding to murder the Whole of the ship's company, with the object of possess ing himself of the entire treasure on board, although it . is true that in so doing ho would have left but himself and youthful son on board. The following details in connection with . the affair, condensed and extracted from a file of the Halifax Courier, will show that an act of murder and piracy, per haps unexampled in atrocity, has been committed, and no less than eight persons barbarously massacred. The Saladin was a Newcastle ship, sailed from Val paraiso on the 17th of February, having a rich cargo on board, consisting of 70 tons of copper, 13 bars of silver, each weighing 1501bs. weight ; 9,000 dollars in specie ; and a large quantity of guano. The Saladin was 550 tons burden, and commanded by Captain Mackenzie. The first suspicions of the horrible affair were aroused on the 20th ultimo, when the ship ran ashore on the back of an island in a country harbour near Halifax. On being boarded, the crew reported that the captain had died at sea on the sth ultimo, and the mate three days subsequently, and that two of the crew had fallen into the sea. They stated that they had latterly been sailing they knew not where, and were astonished to find that they had reached Nova Scotia, of which place they alleged they had never heard. Captain Cunningham was the first per son who went on board. He found all in disorder ; the men were well dressed, and had evidently been faring sumptuously for several days. Bottles were lying about in every direction, a chest of dollars was open, and the ship's papers, and all sorts of valuables scattered about. There were indications of a female and a little child having been on board ; but of these the crew made no mention, and the entries in the log-book ceased on the 14th of April. The agent for Lloyd's (the Hon. Michael Tobin) on learning these particulars, hastened to the spot and arrived at the same conclusion that Captain Cun ningham' had previously done, namely, that the crew had mutinied, and seized the vesseL The parties on board were taken into custody and conveyed to Halifax, where in the course of a very few days disclosures in relation to the melancholy affair were made, full of horrible details. The two individuals who have confessed are Carr and Galloway, who held the respective offices of cook and steward of the ship. Their confession was made to the Hon. Mr. Tobin, Lloyd's agent at Halifax, in the pre sence of the Sheriff, the gaoler, and subsequently of the Attorney-General. Carr, the cook, is a native of New castle-upon-Tyne, and a middle-aged man. Galloway, the steward, is a native of Scotland, and not more than nineteen years of age. Both of them were shipped at Newcastle, and had accompanied the Saladin throughout her voyage., From this statement then it appears that several of the crew of the Saladin having deserted at Valparaiso, others were shipped to supply their places ; among these a man named Fielding, who had formerly com manded a vessel which had been seized by the Chilian Government and confiscated for an infringement of the revenue laws of that country ; this man had a son slur on board, a lad about fifteen or sixteen years of age. The Saladin sailed from Valparaiso, having a crew in all of fourteen persons. All seems to nave gone on well until about the middle of April. when a plan to murder the captain, mate, and a portion of the crew was concocted by Fielding and the sailmaker, who engaged in their scheme the assistance of a Swede and two others of the crew shipped at Valparaiso. The whole plot was planned and executed in less than forty eight hours. It was on a Sunday night in the larboard (a mate's) watch that the mutiny broke forth. The mate was the first victim. He was in a delicate state of health, and while reclining on the poop he was struck with an axe and knocked overboard without the least noise being made. The captain's watch was then called, and as the men came on deck they were knocked on the head and pitched overboard almost without a groan. Two of the murderers then went below to dispatch the captain, but his faithful dog was beside him on the berth, and they were afraid to approach him lest he might be aroused by its barking. Anelher man, who came on deck about this time, and who was in the mizen chains, had his head split open with an axe, and he fell into the sea, his blood streaming on the deck. The wretches at this juncture, in order to draw the captain out of his cabin, raised the cry " A man overboard I " The plan succeeded but too well, and, as he ascended the companion-ladder, he received a blow on the head with a hammer from one of the mutineers. The blow did not, however, take good effect, and he rushed upon the deck with the hope of defending himself, but was attacked by others, soon overpowered, - and thrown overboard. Carr and Galloway state that they first heard an alarm at this period, having been exempt from keeping watch. Car; went on deck, and upon inquiring what was the matter, was informed of all that had occurred, and then saw before him those who remained of the crew, except Galloway, who was still below. The attack appeared to have been most systematic. Six men were lost without a struggle, and almost without leaving a trace of murder behind. Fielding, who seems to have been a most desperate villain, soon after the murders became suspicious and fearful, he threw overboard all the arms and ammu nition in the ship, except a brace of pistols, which he secreted under the cabin table, and a large carving-knife 'in the possession of his son. Galloway states that he made a proposal to him to murder all the crew, except •• two besides themselves, run the ship ashore, sink her, and then make their escape. Galloway would not consent to this hellish project, and told the crew of the, proposal. They immediately became aroused at .Fielding's treachery, and resolved to pitch both, him and his son. overheard in self-defence. The money on board was previously divided, and, as is generally the case on such occasions, the ring-leaders were not satisfied with an equal share of the plunder. Fielding and his son, however, were tied hand and foot, and left in the captain's cabin during the whole of one night, and thrown overboard the next morning ; the former by Carr and others, -he (Carr) having been obliged to act, and the latter by Galloway, also against his will. • After FieldinWs death Galloway was the only navi gator on board the ship, and., his intention was to have gone up the St. Lawrence, where the crew were to s have .scuttled ;the. vessel, and escaped with the specie and bullion. They were, however, led astray by the com mander of an . American schooner, which they spoke only a few days previous to the time when the Saladin struck and this, providentially,' has been the cause of the mur derers being brought to justice. Fielding's chief associates in the bloody scheme appear to have been four men, named Johnston, Anderson, Jones, and Hazen. The murdered mate's name was Byerley, and the names.o£ three of the seamen are stated to have been James, Moffatt, and Collins. The Halifax Herald of June 12 says, " We understand from good authority that all the miscreants will plead guilty.. The judge,. of the Adreiralty,,who is at present staying at his country seat, .has been sent for, and the triaLis expected to take place in about ten days." The Saladin belongs to Messrs. Johnson and Cargill, of Newcastle. WHY Ecno as FEMININE. — When the exhibition was over, and we were plodding up the Gap, I asked Spil lane why Echo was always of the feminine gender! The bugler scratched his head, as if trying to elicit something from his brain ; but soon acknowledged that he was unable to give a satisfactory answer. He observed that, although he heard her every day. yet he had never seen her, and could not tell whether she wore petticoats Or small-clothes. All at once Spillane seemed struck with sonte new ideas, and ex claimed, " Maybe, your honour, that Echo is represented as a female, because she , always has the last word." A newly married couple were walking with us when Spillane delivered himself of this brilliant conception, and to the bride I re ferred the solution of the enigma.. She quickly and spirit edly replied, " What, Sir, would the lords of the creation • wish to engross both the first and the last word? In that case, we poor women might lock up our tongues, as we do our jewels, to be used only on gala days."—Dr. James Johnson's Tour in Irdami. PitiCts 811AIIES' CANALS, AND OTHER COMPANIES' STOCK. LONDON, FRIDAY, JUNE M. Olv igehti A~~t4l. 6i per cent. 41. Naiiiei am- eaziais. Ashton and Oldham Ashby-de-la-Zouch-av Basingstoke ..... B il i t rin eCk ih n g " h ß am * , lk l . - b4 l6t r h gn st Do. and Liverp. Chelmer & Blackwator Coventry •......•.....• Crom ford ••.•. ........ Dudley •••••••••••••••••••••• peril] .4•«.•••••,_ Danube and Mayne Ellesmere and Chester Erewash .. ~ t . Forth Grand Junction Grand Uni0n....„.....„ Grand Surrey Grand Western Glamorgansh., ay. cost Gloucester & Berkeley Grantham Huddersfield . .... .....av Kennet .nd Avon ...av Lancaster av Leeds and Liverpool... Leicester Leicester & Northamp Loughborough ........av Monmouthshire Montgomeryshire Melton Mowbray Mersey and Irwell Macclesfield Neath Oxford Peak Forest cv Regent's (or London).. Rochdale. ay Shropshire Somerset Coal. Da. Lock Fund Stock Stafford and Worcester Shrewsbury,...„„....„ Stourhridge Stratford .on. Avon...ay Swansea., ....... Severn & W ye & Rail. Trent & Mersey, 14 iii. Thames & Medway..av Warwick and Birming. Warwick and Napton Worcester & Birming Wilts and Berks......ay Wisbeach Wey and Arun.... Docks. Commercial East and West India London Ditto Bonds Bristol Do. Bnds, var amounts St. Katharine...„ ....... « Ditto Bonds Ditto Bonds Southampton Bridges Southwark, new Subs. Ditto New of 7)4 pr c. Waterloo .... . ..... Ditto Old Ann. of 81 . Ditto New ditto of 71. Ditto Vauxhall. Assurances. Albion.. .............. Alfred Life - ........ * Alliance Brit , and For Ditto Marine ........ Atlas Birmingham Fire British Fire British Commercial Cler. Med. & Gen. Life County Eagle Economic Life ••......• European Life Ditto New 'Freemasons ••• Globe liGuardian Hope Life Ditto Fire...." .... . Imperial Fire . Ditto Life., . .. Indemnity Marine - Law Life .. ;Legal and deneral Life London Fire Ditto Ship National Loan Fund Palladium Life Protector Life ..... Provident Life Rock Life, ...... Royal Exchange Sun Mre .. ..... Ditto Life... • University Life Universal Life Union Fire and Life * Joint Stk Banks Australasl•..." Ditto New .. Brit. North Znerican Commercial of London Colonial., ......." London tr Westmins; Ditto New.... London Joint . grock Metropolitan...... ~ ,, « , Provincial of Ire land Ditto National of Ireland-- Nat. Provincial Englnd Ditto New Gloucestershire .... Union of Australia..... Union of London.... Gaslight &. Coke Bath.. ........ ••• British . ... ... ••• PProvincial........ vincia....... Birmingham . . .. firming. & stalfordsb. Bristol ........«»...« ».. Brighton . Ditto General...... ..... City of London Ditto New ...... Continental Censolid... Ditto New.—.. ..... Equitable ...... ••••••••••••• Imperial . . .... Isle of Thanet Independent . ...... Phoenix Ratcliff: ........... South Metropolitan United General ..... Westmins. Chartered,. Ditto New Water Works, Birmingham ...... East London Grand Junction av Kent Nw Riv Lon. Bridg An Manchester and Sal ford Vauxhall, late S. Lend. West Middlesex......av Yrk Buldg Co. Les.Pr op Iron Railways. Birmingham & Derby Birming. & Gloucester Bristol and Exeter Caledonian Chester and Holyhead Eastern Counties Edinburgh & Glasgow Grand Junction Great North of Englnd Great Western Ditto Half Shares Ditto Fifths Harwich (Braithwaite) Hull and Selby ....... Lancaster and Carlisle Leeds and Selby Liverpool & Mancheatr Ditto Half-Shares London and Brighten Ditto Loan Notes London and Blackwell London and Greenwich London and Birmingh. Ditto Quarter -Shares Ditto' hirds London and S. Western London and Croydon Manchester and Leeds Ditto New Shares Manchstr and Birming Mictiani,Cou t ies North Midland De. iss. 10 dis. Northern and Eastern Ditto Scrip, iss.s/. dis Paris and Orleans Parisi and Rouen... Rouen and Havre Stockton & Darlington South East. and . Dover Yarmouth and Norwich 'loft and N. Midland Ditto New Shares Mines. Albion Copper Alten ' • Anglo Mex., iss. 54 p.m Ditto Subscription Bolanco .......... Ditto Scrip . Brazil. Imp. iss.sl. p.m. Do. Mocaub. & Coe. U. Do.-St. John Del Rey British Iron Candonga. Ditto Registered Cobre Copper Copiapo ............ Columbian, iss. U. p.m General Mining Hibernian Imperial Slate Compy Mexican .. Mining Co. of Ireland Real-del Monte, Un reg Ditto Loan Notes Rhyrnney ... Santiago de Cuba...... .. United Mex., 66.24 pm. Ditto Scrip . .... Ditto New Scrip Literary. Londn, with Sin. Ticket London University Russell .... King's College Miscellaneous. Anglo Mexican Mint Australian Agricultur Brit. American Land, Canada ....... . Upper Canada Bonds Gen. Steam Navigation Iberian Mercantile Co. Ditto p roperty Met. Wood Pays., in. 11. Mex. and S. American New Brunswick Land) New Zealand Penins. & Orien.'Ste .. am Royal Mail Steam .. Reversionary 102. g;c_ South Australian Thames Tunnel Van Diemen's Land It It. (per cent. 6 per cent. Attic andl ss.6d. bs. tiler cent. 7per cent. ♦4 per cent Vper cent 6e. LIST of SCOTTISH COM JUNE 19, Bank of Scotland.— Royal Bank British Linen Compny Commercial Bank Glasgow Union Bank Western Bank Central Bk. of Scotland Caledonian Insurance Hercules Insurance.-- North Brit. Insurance Insurance Co. of ScotL Edinburgh Life Insur: Scottish Union Imo.- Standard Life Insur, Dalkeith Railway . Ellin. and Glas.l6llwy Glam. and Green; Rail. ;Dundaeand Arbr Rail. 6 per Cent. 6 per Cent. 8 per cent. 6 per cent 7 per cent. 6 per cent. per cent. 6 per cent. 7 per cen t. 0 per cent. bper cent. taper cent.' per cent. 5 per cent. yer cent. per cent 9 per cen t 5 0 0 15 0 100 0 0 15 0 0 0 35 0 0 25 0 0 20 0 0 100 0 0 28 0 !0 0 0 55 0 0 20 • 0 50 0 0 10 0 0 60 0 0 25 0 0 50 0 0 25 0 0 40 0 0 75 0 0 100 0 0 95 0 0 10 0 0 100 0 0 50 0 0 100 0 0 15 0 • 5 9 0 5 0 0 10 0 0 10 0 C 50 0 • 100 0 0 25 0 0 50 0 0 00 0 0 Paid. '~"; o ... 41 13 4 100 1 0 100 0 0 tr cent. 401. 81.155. 71. IL 54. Si 1 - 2 s. Bd. 1.10.. 941. 101. 104 54 104 104 171. 301. 3% 17s. Cld. 104 6 percent. 154 204 IL 10s. 151. 921:10.. 101. Pd. 10s. 41. 11. 4s. 3 per cent. per cent. 4 per cent. 4 per cent. 31. 10e. 5 per cent. 5 per cent. 434 per cent. 4 per cent. 4 per cent. per cent. IL Os. ed. 18s. Id. per cent.. 71. Si. 101. 4 percent. 6 per cent. 6 per cent. 135..651..pr oh 51. ss. 4 per cent. Is, per share 5 per cent. Si. 6s. 5 per cent.", 30s. NIL j sltper cent. per cent. per cent. 6 per cent. 5 per cent. 4s. 21. 6d. per cen t . 'l9s. sh:& bds. 11. U. per cent. per cent. 5 per cent. 11. se. 41. 5 per cent. IN per cent. t. 4i. spec cent. 19% per cent bl. P Of cent. 6 per cent. -n per cent. 6 per cent. 6per cent. per cent. per cent. per cent. 6 per cent. Us per share 6s. per share 10 per cent. per cent. Is'. 11.55. 1/. '7s. 51.-and bs. 4541. and be. per cent. recut. 101. 104 81 pr eh /54 per oh 21. 6 percent. 5 per cent. 6 per cont. 5 per cent 6 per cent. I% per cent. 34 13s. • .• 21. 14:1s. 21. 10s. 5 per cent. 41. 18s. • 11.14. les. per ih IL 4s. per cent. es. per sh. 24 ss, per sh 10 per cent 1% per cent. 5k ss. per sh 2344 per sh. 12s. per sh. 4 per cent. 10 peicent. 10 per cent. 1130, per.eh tOL psr ih. 14140. /ILper share .9s4+l.per all SL 17s. pr s 1 113. per el IL 11.10 s. 15s. IL 117. 10d. lb per cent. per cent. 10 per cent. 10 percent. IL 91. 17s. 64. 100 0 0 100 0 0 70 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 23 0 0 50 0 0 100 0 • 100 0 0 75 0 0 50 0 12 0 • - 2 0 0 50 0 0 5 0 0 100 0 0 100 • 0 50 • 0 50 0 0 10 0 0 100 0 0 2 0 0 32 0 0 70 0 0 30 0 0 , tOOO 10000 100 0 0 40 . 0 0 -45 0 0 15 0 0 20 0 0 20 11 0 10 0 0 100 0 50 0 0 IS 0 0 50 •0 0 isooo 31 13 10 0 110 0 U 25 0 150 0 0 21 0 0 25 0 0 15 0 • 75 0 0 7 10 0 7100 40 0 0 13 0 0 55 0 0 20 0 0 10 10 0 3 0 0 50 0 , 0 7 0 0 1.106. 10 per cent. 10s. per eh. U. 104 per sh. 150 0 0 50 0 0 10 0 0 40 0. 0 2 10 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 10 0 0 30 0 0 35 10 0 38 10 0 14 0 0 1 10 0 5 0 0 8 0 0 7 0 0 75 0 0 25 0 0 50 0 0 251 log% 46 7.. S Oi l 217 8.5 ITS 106 43% 5% 26.5% 34N 20 26 ix a O 16 2 4% 118 100 0 0 2000 50 0 0 20 0 0 3k in 14 4 s; 17 los I 'ANTES' PRICES. 64.1• 10 0 10 0 0 10 0 0 10 0 0 12 10 0 1 0 0 2 10 0 50 0 0 50 0 0 25.0 0 25 0 0 17334 170 220 100 95 I 78 con tractors are under a very h eav y Pe LANCASTER AND C ARLISLE RALLWAY.—The natty to open this line on or before the Ist June, 1846. It is said that up wards of 5,000 workmen are at once to be put on it:— Lc/neuter Goan All paii 100 0 0 Stock Stock 147 9 0 Stock 50 - - TO 0 50 0 0 03 2 8 50 •0" 0 100 e 0 70 10 $ 60 0 0 40 0 0 50 0 0 b 0 0 11 0 0 5 0 0 o 55.0 0 50 0 0 5 _0 0 2 10 0 10 0 0 5 0 0 250 • 0 2l paid 0 0 0 0 96 10 0 2 10 0. 2 10 ( 50 0. 0 19 0 0 5 13 10 0 0 2 0 0 12 10 0 12 10 0 2 10 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 10 0 0 10 0 0 5 0 0 6 5 0 20 0 0 40 • • 40 0 0 50 0 • 200 0 • 25 0 0 19 • 0 20 0 • 10 0 • 7 10 • 25 0 0 10 0 • 17 10 • 35 0 • 10 0 • 10 • • 25 0 0 15 • • 16 0 0 1$ • 0 19 0 0 50 0 • SO 0.0 100 o'o 75 • • 91 5 0 28 • e 50 • • 50 • 0 20 0 0 90 0 0 39 • 0 80 0 0 25 0 0 48 • 0 10 7O - 0 2500 100 0 e 100 0 0 200 0 0 40 0 0 ..... AI 0 • 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 • 0 50 0 0 25 0 0 100 0 • 10 0 0 50 0 0 100 0 • 20 0 0 M 0 0 25 0 0 50 0 0 90 0 0 40 0 0 20.0 0 77 10 0 5000 20 0 0 20 0 0 20 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 75 0 0 50 0 0 50 0 0 50 0 0 25 0 0 Se 0 0 5000 100 0 0 50 0 0 30 0 0 50 0 50 AS 0 0 100 e e 41 13 4 100 e 0 Se 0 0 100 0 0 03 12 9 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 60 0 0 SPIRIT Or the PUBLIC JOURNALS. t claim is, that it shall not be wantonly exercised— . *TON TnE Evrivino PAVERS OF SATURDAt. exercised for any unworthy purpose—or exercised ' GLOBE4::-Thiaks td Sir James Graham for invest- without using every precaution against injurious ing the fag-end of s dull, do-little session with nn- consequences either td the pttlic or individuals. wonted interest! But for his Paul Pry practices at the Now, it is not even insintiatki thiat in Mazzini's Post-office, Soninua would have re-assumed his reign case the power was exercised wantonly, or with any in Parliament, and the nation would j,i,;‘,T caught the unworthy motive, and no injury to any human being can be traced to its e xe rc i s e. l o w diff er e n t the cases of soft infection. the ninthly iii the Ministerial camp, and the rumoured resignation or the Cabinet, gave a Franklin's stolen letters, and of the ilfht 4+ftplo meet fillip to the shinibering piiblic. But the report Start of Lord Norbury's stolen letter : there, breach of Otte , too good td be true. The quarrel Of Friday —breach of trust, too, without any sanction of legal was patched up on Monday ; the nation re- authority—was used as the means of exciting sedition, sumed its nap ; and. Peel was himself again. fomenting public hatred, and calumniating individuals. The !Rime Secretary excels his Chief. His proceed ings are not likely to pass hitt forgetfulness. He has aroused the public mind to indignation. The topic in every circle, where politician, or commercial men, " most do congregate"—in the house, or on the way— the astounding fact, that the correspondence of the public, foreign and domestic, which is committed to the Post-office, in the full confidence that it is there alike safe from curiosity or cupidity, so far as the sane dons and penalties of law can render it secure — that this sanctuary is liable to be entered and ran sacked, and selections made from it at the pleasure of the Home Secretary—that by virtue of a " general warrant" from him, any and every letter addressed to any individual may be stopped, detained, opened, read, and its contents communicated ; a revelation of such a state of things, so unexpected and alarming, was well calculated to awaken public attention, and to arouse the dormant feelings of Englishmen. And it has done so. The subject was again brought before the Hcaise of Lords last evening, to be resumed on Thurs day evening next in that House. A motion on the same subject. is also to be brought forward in the House of Commons in the course of the ensuing week. Lord Radnor introduced the subject to the House of Peers on presenting a petition from Mr. Mazzini, si milar in terms to that presented to the House of Commons by Mr. Dunoombe from the same person, complaining of the detention and opening of his letters by the Post ' office authorities. The discussion which ensued, though almost exclusively a legal argument as to the import of the terms of the statute under which the obnoxious prac tice is defended, is invested with extraordinary interest. A great constitutional right is placed in question. A privilege only second to the boasted inviolability of an Englishman's house—be it a palace or a cottage, a mansion or a hovel = is jeopardised. The impression of a man's seal has, in England, been hitherto regarded as securing a letter against every individual except the person to whom it was directed, or his authorised agents, as completely as the lock upon a man's house, or upon his desk, secured them from invasion against all but himself, or those to whom he entrusted the key, as the only authorised mode of effecting an entry. This delusion has passed away. We are now told that this. is a popular error, which Sir James Graham has taken upon himself to dispel, and Lord Lynd hurst and Lard Brougham,--par nobik fratrum !—to defend. The old practice—so consonant with the notions of Englishmen—of respecting the seal of a letter, or, at least, if it be opened, to apprise the party most concerned that it has been broken and the contents of the letter read, is now abolished. Every man in England—the boasted birth-place and dwelling of freedom, based on and defended' by constitutional law—who commits a letter to the Post-office, or who receives a letter from his correspondent, does so under the humiliating apprehension that it may be, or has been, opened and read at the Post-office by some autho rised spy of the Home-office—the original seal broken up, and a counterfeit impression skilfully executed, and adroitly applied, affixed in the place of the original ! Thelegal point raised last evening is one on which the Law Lords differ in opinion. It will, however, be observed that, the affirmative is adopted by Lora Brougham and Lord Lyndhurst ' • the soundness of whose opinions will be impugned by their relative po sitions. Those, on the other hand, who contend that the power of detaining and opening letters is limited, and can only be exercised over a particular letter—specially described in a warrant issued by the Secretary of State with reference to that letter, authorising its detention and inspection—are not open to the objection we have stated as applicable to the Noble and Learned Lords to whom we have alluded. The latter view was maintained by Lord Denman and Lord Campbell. In a doubtful matter, where far greater ambiguity exists as to the construction of the words employed by the Legislature, we should be quite as much disposed to take the law from the lips of the Lord Chief Justice of England— cool and dispassionate as his Lordship is in temperament, and removed as he is, by virtue of his office, from the turmoil of party strife—than from the Noble and Learned Lord who occupies the woolsack, whence he would be hurled by the overthrow of the Cabinet of which he is a member. With reference to Lord Brougham, whatever admiration may be excited by his powers of oratory, his talents as a lawyer were never rated at a high value ; while Lord Campbell has been regarded by all parties as a lawyer par excellence. In the present case, however, we think the construction to be placed on the terms in dis pute is sufficiently obvious. Lord Campbell had "carefully read, and attentively considered, the several Acts under which the power, exercised by the Secretary of State was claimed and defended ; and he had no doubt that they did not confer the power of issuing a general war rant" Lord Denman, in the most decided language, expressed his concurrence in the interpretation of the law given by. Lord Campbell. "He was of opinion that every letter which was opened in the Post-office, should be opened under the authority of an express warrant." The Lord ChancellOr referred to the Act in support of his construction of the words the meaning of which was in dispute, but stopped short of the part of the clause which made against his argument. The principle of law, which requires that all penal statutes shall be construed strictly, and not with a latitude of interpretation against the parties to be affected by them—the constitutional right placed in issue—the resemblance which the case bears to the case of " general warrants," in the celebrated case of Wijkes, whose 'person and papers were seized by virtue of ," a general warrant" issued by Lord Halifax as Secretary, of State, the illegality of which was decided by an appeal to the constitutional tribunals of the coun try,-whatever view, be taken of the question, whether as to the terms of the statete, or by analogy, as supply ing illustration from cases similar to that now in dis pute ; all tend to the same conclusion, that the practice complained of is as unjustifiable in law as it is odious in the estimation of the public. That it must be abolished by special enactment, if not voted by Parliament to be a positive infraction of existing law, is now no longer doubtful. STANDARD.—As we anticipated, the Post-office case is not likely to be let drop. Lord Radnor brought it . forward last night again in the House of Lords. There is an obvious reason for all this. Signor Mazzini in this way obtains nightly an advertisement as "a lite rary person "—an advertisement of, which he apparently stands in need, for we imagine that his contributions to literature are as much a secret to the rest of the world as they certainly are to ours Aves ; and the grievance is moreover an excellent grieVance, and one that will wear well, for it is impossible for the Ministers to explain it away without a gross violation of duty, and unexplained it must remain for ever odious. All the habits of thinking and feeling, which we form from our social experience, are repug nant to the notion that it can be right to pry into private letters ; and even the cases in which " the safety of the commonwealth, the supreme law" has been pleaded in excuse for violating the secrecy of private correspondence, have not been uniformly such as to reconcile us to the irregularity. Dr. Frank lin, the Deputy-Postmaster of North America, not only stole but published private letters in 1773; for the pur pose of kindling war between the colonies acid the mother country ; he pleaded the public good as his apology ; but he received a chastisement from the Solicitor-Gene ral Wedderburne, which few men would undergo for all the fame, whether as writer. politician, or discoverer, that attaches to the memory of the American philosopher. Again, some years ago the Whigs received, and published, and made use of—if they did not themselves actually steal—a letter of the late Chief Justice, Lord Norbury— employing it for the aid of the disafected faction in Ireland, but of course pretending the public good. Now these abuses of confidence naturally enough make more hateful what our habits of private life cause us to detest, and therefore the grievance is one of the most promising kind. Still the difficulty remains. What is to be done ? Nobody ventures to say that, under no circumstances shall letters be opened in the Post-office ' • and how are you to find the proper limits ? The law has left it to the discretion of the Home Secretary to fix those limits pro re nata, subject, of course, to the responsibi lity to which every act of a Minister is subject, and we do not see how, in this respect, the law can be improved upon. Lord Campbell, indeed, and Lord Denman, hol that the exercise of the discretion is hampered to the extent of requiring a particular warrant for each letter opened. We must always dispute any opinion of Lord Denman's with extreme diffidence, and, more particularly, a legal opinion, but we cannot assent to his Lordship's doctrine, which seems to us to involve a whole knot ofpractical contradictions. Let us, for example, sup pose, the case of an officer of the Post-office indicted for opening one of Signor Mazzini's letters. The officer pleads in his defence the act of Queen Anne, and a warrant, under the hand and seal of the Home Secretary, authorising him (the officer) to detain, open, and copy all letters addressed to the Signor. The clause in'the Act of Anne is not, as the Morning Chronicle to-day sagely ! remarks, a penal clause to be construed strictly ; it is, on the other hand, a remedial and enlarging clause ; and, therefore, entitled to the most liberal construc tion. Nobody knows this better than Lord Denman. Now, we ask his Lordship, would it be con sistent with such liberal construction to reject the plea of the prisoner in the case supposed ? But we will put the case still more strongly against the Home Secre tary's right, and suppose that the warrant was directed to the detention and examination of a single letter to Mr. Mazzini ; still the officer would be safe in detaining all the letters addressed to that individual, because- each might be the letter anticipated; and upon whatever letter he might be indicted the warrant would be a good defence, for the prisoner would be in a condition to say that that was the letter intended. Mr. Mazzini says that in the course of two or three, months he received seventy letters, which would be, on the average of post days, three a day at the least. How could a, warrant distinguish the letter suspected out of three ? We, alas, know those who sometimes receive twenty times, and even thirty times three letters in the day. Now suppose, ab sit omen, any of us, who give such work to the letter carriers, suspected of seditious practices. How could a warrant, applicable to' a single letter only, afford the means of sifting our correspondence? The question of law was, however, too completely disposed of by th e arguments of Lord Brougham and the Chancellor to Permit that we say more about it. The power exists legally in the Government, to the full extent or while Sir James Graham has exercised it, and probably it must continue to exist, if for no other reason, to detet men from using. the Post-office as the vehicle of criminal correirpontieutc. What the publit has a right to POLICE INTELLIGENCE. (SATURDAY. GUILDHALL.) Mr. Robert Reeves, a pawnbroker, carrying on busi ness in Redcross-street, Cripplegate, appeared before Messrs. Aldermen T. Johnson and Hooper, to answer an information filed against him by a man named M‘Callan, a common informer, for having exacted a larger amount of interest than was allowed by the Pawnbrokers' Act, to which offence he pleaded not guilty ; and Mr. Hum phries, the solicitor, attended to defend him. James Hurst stated, that on the 27th ult. he was en trusted with a duplicate to redeem two books, which were in pledge for 45., in the name of Ann Parker, from the 15th of April, 1843. Ile tendered ss. as payment, and received 7d. as change, sd. being charged as interest, which was an overcharge, 3id. and four-tenths of a far thing being the legal and just amount of interest due on the loan. M'Callan having stated that that was all the evidence he had against the defendant, Mr. Humphries proceeded to cross-examine the witness, from which it will be pretty well seen the kind of crea tures that so callously pounce upon and victimise timid tradesmen, who prefer compromising the affair to being dragged before the public, and their affairs made known sn a police-court. Mr. Humphries—Now, Mr. Hurst, do you know this Miss Anne Parker—did you ever see her ? Witness-- No, I do not. Mr. Humphries—But you have redeemed several pledges in the name of Anne Parker ? Witness—Yes, I have ; perhaps about four. Mr. Humphries—What are you by trade ? Witness —A bookbinder. Mr. Humphries—But you don't work at the book binding now ? Witness—No, Ido not ; lam painting and decorating Mr. M'Callan's house. • Mr. Humphries—Oh, indeed ; you are then a painter and decorator, besides being a bookbinder. Pray, in what capacity did you start in the world ? Witness— In a little dragooning—(Laughter)—about seven years ago. Mr. Humphries—And you then turned a life-guards man, and afterwards a policeman. -Witness—Exactly so.—(Much laughter.) Mr. Humphries—ln fact, within the space of seven years, you have been a dragoon, a life-guardsman, policeman, painter and decorator, bookbinder, and, above all, a common informer's witness.—(Continued laughter.) Witness (with an impudent air)—Just so, I can turn my hand to anything.—(Roars of laughter.) Mr. Humphries—Not a doubt of it, sir. You have no regular occupation, either in the bookbinding, painting, or soldiering ? Witness—None whatever ; I get my living the best way I can. Mr. Humphries—Now, how does M'Callan pay you ? —by the job ? Witness—No, by the lump. Mr. Humphries—How much did you get for the day you called at the defendant's? Witness—five shillings. I called at four other pawnbrokers on the same day. Mr. Humphries—And you go out in the hope of the unfortunate pawnbrokers making a slight overcharge, so that you may lay an information against them? Wit ness—lf they charge too much I certainly do inform against them. Mr. Humphries—You have been in Mr. M'Callan's employ some time, and given evidence in numerous cases? Witness—l have so. Mr. Humphries—ln fact, you are paid for swearing, are you not? and are also paid before you do swew. Witness—l am generally paid before I give evidence. Mr. Humphries then in a very spirited manner ad dressed the Bench, and submitted that the defendant could not be convicted upon the evidence of a man like Hurst. They proceeded quite in a systematic manner to ensnare their victims, and in the hope of convicting them, it was evident that they would strain their con sciences to the utmost to answer their purpose. The Magistrates then consulted together, and after a few minutes Mr Alderman JOHNSON said that they fined the de fendant 10s., but remarked the worthy Alderman, nol one fraction of it will be allowed to the informer. MARLBOROUGH-STREET. Wm. Dunn, Esq., of Tredegar-square, and Henry Nor ton, Esq., of Russell-square, gentlemen, were brought before Mr. Hardwick, charged with having assaulted Mr. Wiltshire, confectioner, 332, Oxford-street. There was a second charge against Dunn for having also as saulted the police. From the statement of Mr. Wiltshire, it appeared that the defendants brought two females into his shop the previous evening to treat them to some pastry. The conduct of the defendants while in the shop was noisy and unbecoming, and when one of them began beating with his whip upon the table, it was necessary to make an ap peal to them to behave themselves with more propriety. The defendants demanded to know what they had to pay, and when told the price of the delicacies they had con sumed was 4s. 6d., one of them told Mr. Willshirehe was a liar. Mr. Willshire was eventually paid, but vias subjected to great abuse, and ultimately he was struck by Mr. Dunn with his whip. Assistance was called, and some of the journeymen came to protect their mas ter, but they could not interfere time enough to prevent Mr. Wiltshire from being again beaten with the whip, and also struck by Mr. Norton. In consequence of this violent outrage the police were called, and then the de fendants made their escape out of the shop, but they were pursued and taken into custody. When poliCe constable C 68 laid hold of Mr. Dunn, he was asked whether he had any charge against him, and on being told he had none, but that Mr. Wiltshire had insisted on being released, and gave the constable a smart push or blow in order to effect his object. It was further stated that the defendant did not appear to be sober.: The defendants said they were quite sober. They had been dining at Verrey's, and had drank tot more than about two bottles and a half of wine, and this would not make them drunk, as Mr. Verrey would prove, if sent for. With respect to the charge, they said the affray had arisen in consequence of some remarks having been made on the behaviour of the ladies who were then under their protection, and whom they had just met with in Regent-street, and at their solicitation treated to some refreshment. Mr. HARDWICK said the evidence to establish an assault on the police was sufficient to satisfy him, as well as that a gross assault had also been committed on the complainant. The law gave magistrates a power to commit at once to the House of Correction, where a charge of assault was proved on a constable, and in the case of a poor and uneducated man this power was frequently made use of. Persons of station and ethica tion guilty of the same misconduct, were less entitled to forbearance, for they had the means of knowing their duty to society, and the necessity for respecting the laws, which persons in an humbler station had not. If the defendants had been assaulted they would have 4- plied for protection to the police, and it was therefore but right that the police should be protected in their turn. Taking the whole of the charge into account he was very much inclined to think that a money penalty was an inadequate punishment, and that it was his ditty to commit at once to the Muse of Correction. Mr Dunn exhibited undisguised alarm at this intima tion, expressed his sorrow for what had occurred, and added that if any assault had been committed on the police, which he certainly never intended to commit, it was of a very slight character. Mr. HARDWICK said the slightness of the assault was the only circumstance of mitigation in the case. He de sired it to be understood that when the police were sub jected to ill-usage in the execution of their duty, it was his determination to inflict the punishment of imprison ment, and not to impose , a fine, and neither the rank or station of parties should shield them from the penalty of their misconduct. Mr. IlAnDwicic then adjudged Mr. Dunn to pay 51. for the assault on Mr. Wiltshire, and Si. for the assault on the police. Mr. Norton was fined st= for the assault on Mr. Willshire.—The fines, 151. in amount, were im mediately paid. The parish authorities of St. James's brought John Horne Diamond, a person dressed in handsome sailor's clothes, before Mr. Hardwick, for having deserted his his wife and children. It was stated that the wife was the daughter of a clergyman named Pascoe, who died suddenly a few years ago in the pulpit while preaching a charity sermon ; up wards of 9,0002 was collected for the support of the widow and her children, one of whom was the present complainant, who having picked up the defendant, a common sailor, married him, and gave him the control of some hundreds of pounds, which fell to her share. Her husband soon squandered the whole of the money by the most reckless profligacy, and he then abandoned her and went to sea. The wife had suffered very great privations, and: had been obliged to have recourse to the parish. The husband, who had never contributed a farthing towards the support of his family, recently re turned from sea, and took up his quarters in the next street to where the wife lived ; but he never made the smallest inquiry about her, though he was very particu lar in inquiries about the mother, who lived on the pro ceeds of part of the charitable fund, at whose death a portion was likely to come to his wife. The defendant said he had not the means of supporting his wife. Mr. Buzzard, the vestry-clerk, said the man came home with money, spent it upon himself, and then went another voyage. Mr. lIARDWICK said no punishment could be too great for such unprincipled and unfeeling conduct. He should go as far as the law allowed, and send the defendant at once to the House of Correction for three months. THAMES POLICE. Mr. J. Cockburn Selaney, who stands charged on sus picion of having caused the death of his wife, by admi nistering to her a dose of prussic acid, on Saturday, the Bth inst., was brought up on remand before Mr. Broderip. When the prisoner was brought up yesterday he ap peared in good spirits, and a great number of respectable persons attended to witness the proceedings. Mr. Hayward, clerk to the Solicitor to the Treasury, attended on the part of the prosecution, and requested to have the case remanded, as the Treasury had only then given instructions to proceed upon it. It would be i m pos s ible, he said, to be prepared with sufficient evi dence at the next session ensuing, and he requested that the witnesses might be bound over to appear at the Au gust sessions. Mr. Clarkson, on the part of the prisoner, had no ob jection to the application. On the contrary, he was rather pleased that it had been made, as both he and his client were anxious tO have the case investigated with the fullest scrutiny, and if the present application had nod been made he would himself have sought for a postpone ment. He was happy, as regarded the highly respect able but unfortunate gentleman at the bar, that the con ducting of the prosecution had been taken up by the Solicitor to the Treasury, as there was no doubt it would thenceforward be carried on in a fair and impariial pi rit, without any desire to crush the unfortunate gentle man who was the object of the inquiry. The time which wou ;,; elapse would afford an opportunity for a/lot:ing the prejoaic6: to subside which the weak and irresole:e conduct of Mr, BehniZv was calculated to create, 10 4 his friends, whom he (Mr. Clarkson) was glad to see crowding around him, in full confidence of his innocence , would be enabled to bring forward such testimony as would prove that the whole tenor of his previous life was abhorrent of the act imputed to him. Mr. BRODERIP considered the application well-fauruled , and was happy to find it was not opposed. The case was a very serious one, involving other inquiries, and the ends of justice could not possibly be fulfilled if it were hurried on to the session commencing on Monday, as no reason able time would be allowed for preparing the briefs. As the Coroner had bound over the witnesses to a ppear at the Old Bailey on Monday, it would be as well if Mr. Hayward moved the Central Criminal Court to respite the recognizances until the succeeding session. The prisoner was then remanded until WednesdaY; the 7 h of August, and Inspector Haynes was bound 0" to prosecute. Git billy SUI At seven,] rd re —Fors Offil (pup . -11-8111 PS 8111PS are - -Every )1 ANTSVF daY, at El, ORTEXT ares, 514 CALALS !WM,— iARNEO RAM -1(i. ~,a nd every Evening, XElYci ling. UNION-HALL. Ann Finden Creasy, alias Pain, was brought up for final examination, charged with obtaining money under false pretences. Since the last examination several let ters have been addressed to the magistrates, relating various acts of imposition practised by the prisoner 00 different persons, and disclosing that she bad been pre' viously in custody on charges of a similar ilescriptioth and examined at Guildhall ; that on a recent occasion she was taken to the Mansion-house for obtaining it so" - reign from Mr. Moss, the solicitor of Queen-she et, Cheapside, under false representations ; that on the sane occasion another charge was preferred against the pit soner by the widow of Captian Headbury, whom she had duped of a considerable sum of money, besides stealing her wearing apparel. The prisoner was remanded on the latter charge, but in the interval Mrs. Headbury de stroyed herself by cutting her throat, owing to the ex' , citement produced by the base manner in which sh e boo been imposed upon by the accused. Mr. Hill, the landlord of the Red Lien, in Poppin's: court, Fleet-street, stated that he was one of the victisile of the prisoner's deception; that she called at his house and described that she was the holder of Exchequer bills to a large amount, and induced him to write to Mr. Fox Maule on the subject, and at the same time she bor rowed two sovereigns of him to proceed with a trial of s Chancery suit, which would assuredly be decided in her favour, and would put her in possession of 13,0001.; that she boarded in his house, and afterwards decamped without paying ,a farthing. Mr. Hill added that he sub: sequently ascertained that she was a gross impostor , an ‘ 1 had swindled several other persons under simaar Ciro cumstances. strxnEi niugin Iletween Thorscllv, 1)0 Vilt To s,cui departure, Regent AT TC , CO ttns ilic bustnen, It WAR 1 amply stlff Carry oat tlement he May Set b. saute to I York), or the 31st of Shares be York, jt D To the Int Some other witnesses were examined, when Mr. COTTINOHAM said that it was evident from the notes he had just read that the prisoner had no expe o ' taticns of money from the source which she alleged- she had; that some time since she had a cause pending 1 0 the Court of Chancery, but it was long since decided against her. The Magistrate added that it was obvious the prisoner had been for a length of time going about and committing the most gross and barefaced frauds 0 0 the public; that in some instances she had plundered het dupes of clothes as well as money, and in order to put a stop to her career, at least, for some time, he should commit her for trial. The prisoner, who said that she should reserve her de' fence until before another tribunal, was then comtoitts' DUTCH MAIL. THE HAGUE, JUNE 27.—The Session of the Stater General was closed yesterday by his Excellency the Ill,' nister of the Interior, who addressed the Chambers IP the following terms : " Noble and Mighty Lords,—The session which is about to close has produced a happy change in the pro' vinces of the kingdom. " The consequences of the disastrous events which 0 0 ' curred in the last year gave reason to entertain the most serious apprehensions for the financial interests of the kingdom. " But the perfect understanding that has prevail between the Government and the Chambers, when it w e! necessary to agree on salutary measures, and, on the °th e ' hand, the exemplary co-operation of the nation iirear; rying them into execution, have opened to the country a cheering prospect. " The budget which has been recently adopted, the savings which have been made in the funds which wer e disposable for the last year, and the suppression of si considerable number of special funds, are so many facts which bear witness to the zeal of the Government, not only in providing for the regular course of the affair. of the country, but also for the effectual improvement ‘, its permanent interest. " The settlement of our financial interests has, however' required so much time, that it has not been possible t° lay before you other important subjects of legislation . It has been necessary to confine ourselve to some speci e ' projects of law, most of which have met with your , approbation. " Important matters are, therefore, reserved for you next session, besides others emanating from Art 6 of th e Fundamental Law, and those on the tariff of import, er port, and transit duties. "If the spirit of concord continues to prevail in the energetic efforts which we desire to make, in order to promote the interest of the country, we may hope for the most favourable result. In the name of the King, I de' Clare the present session of the States General to h ° closed." 60 °d Ter a ffi The Stoats Courant publishes a Royal decree relative Fine do. .. to the disposal of the first instalment of the capital sun s HYsoo kind of eighty millions of florins, at 21 per cent. interest, ill: V'e° l l Tea scribed to the credit of the kingdom of the Netherland Ine ditto in the Great Book of the kingdom of Belgium, conform' strength ably to section 6of Art. 63 of the treaty of sth Nereus' s „ ft4veur ber, 1842, I,erior do nay- ' 477 218 Add to the ken% , Thd teep. To stay hidden gri, be our Our p os i selv es 01 ti prices of shall be on We brin g JUd gMent, Its, we pled) an d UnV ary Useful Con ! Good sound flavour R ough and . !iouclsong Brisk and St v erY bla c ti ol stron le blackish I Pi ne Con go , ' Souchong ripest truo ri Choice Sone] l i t ry choice g Souehong . 0 11 r ~lch and di 113.8 0 n Te LOVE OF TITLES IN AMERICA.—A well-known gel? tleman at Winchester, in this State (Virginia), re; lated an amusing anecdote to me on this subjee" Crossing the Potomac into Virginia, with his hors e ' „ in a ferry-boat, the ferryman said, " Major, I Nis h you would lead your horse a little forward," whic h he immediately did, observing to th e man, " I am Iley, a major, and you need not call me one." To this the ferryman replied, " Well, Kurnel, I ax your pardoef and I'll not call you so no more." Being arrived a t the landing- place, he led his horse out of the boat, and said' " My good friend, I am a very plain man, I am neither a colonel nor a major, I have no title at all, and , don't like them. flow much have Ito pay you?" The ferryman looked at him and said, " You are the fill ' white man I ever crossed this ferry that warn't jist body at all, and I swear I'll not charge you nothing. Featherstonhaugh's Excursion. THE INSTANT EFFECTS OF OXALIC ACID.—At itn inquest held before Mr. Higgs, the Coroner for Westminst er ' that gentleman stated, in reference to the powerful effect' of oxalic acid when taken into the stomach of a hull being, that he once held an inquest in the neighbourhood Mount-street, Grosvenor-square, of a very novel character; which fully showed its almost instant influence. Aiyouee woman went to the door of a gentleman with whom it v 1:: supposed some love affair had sprung up, in which she 1v,. 0 disappointed, and deliberately drank a quantity of ozel, i l acid, which she had mixed in some water in a tea-cup. alarm having been given she was taken to a chemist's close at hand, and it so happened that the proprieto r making up some medicines which were very strong antxdot7 to this poison, and a quantity was instantly administer s and the stomach pump subsequently applied. ' The pool had, however, done its work, for having lingered in grt agony for some time, she expired. On that occasion it W . stated that if a red hot ball of iron, of the size of a wait?: could be passed into the stomach, and then removed, the in juries it had inflicted would not be found to have been great as those produced by a quantity of oxalic acid, even as in the present case, its power was neutralised and the O r mains withdrawn from the stomach. Young Hys, Cluch a i n • IMPerial P'3wder 'ine and the GunPowdc b Folly to 41 " Ye and the hez Rive th -uginesit. BIRTHS. On the 25th ult., at Grove-place, North Brixton, the ladi of Samuel Lovejoy, Esq., of a son. On the 25th tilt., at the Rectory House, Piddletovi ll ' Dorset, the lady of the Rev. J. W. Routh, of a daughter. ~ On the 26th ult., at Cambridge-terrace, Hyde-park, 0 lady of W. Grant, Esq., barrister-at-law, of a daughter. On the 26th ult., Mrs. E. C. Banks, Mecklenburgh-str ee " Mecklenburgh-square, of a son. On the 26th ult., Mrs. F. W. Johnson, Gibson-square, °lll son. On the 26th ult., at Tottenham-park, the lady of Josep h Rawlings, Esq., barrister-at-law, of a son. On the 22d ult., at Harley-placa. Clifton, the wife of Csi t. mander W. S. Thomas, R.N., of a daughter. On the 24th ult., at Frederick-street, Gray's-inn-rod' Mrs. Joseph Mansell, of a daughter. On the 26th ult., at Peckham-grave, Mrs. Frederic • k of a son. On the 26th ult., at Calverly-park, Tunbridge Wells, di. lady of A. W. Ward, Esq., of a son. On the 27th ult., at Wandsworth, the wife of Frederi ci ‘ Cotton Finch, Esq., M.D., of a daughter. On the 27th ult., at Blackheath-park, the lady of .tar ej Jackson, Esq., of a daughter. MARRIED. A 4 On the 7th of May, at Andover, George Jones, Esq., / 1 .. d to Gertrude Loscombe, second da u ghter of th e late 3114- Loscombe, of Andover. On the 25th ult., at Stamford-hill Chap e l, Upp er ClaphsiT the Rev. Henry Robbins, M.A., of Wadham College, Oxfo, to Agnes, third daughter o f th e l a t e J o h n Gorton, Esq., '‘) merly of Worksop, Nottinghamshire. DIED. On the 25th ult. ' at Kennington Villa, Kennington-1 06 Surrey, Elizabeth Ann, the wife of Mr. Charles Palk. o f On the 26th ult., at Margate, Mr. William Akermanf St. Martin's-court. Ou the 26th ult., at Woolwich, George, youngest SO of Captain IL G. Teesdale, Royal Horse Artillery. On the 27th ult., at Tottenham-park, the infant son of j ' Rawlings, Esq., barrister-at-law. On the 27th ult., at Epsom, Jane Rickard, relict of 016 late Captain George Browne. of On the 22d ult., in L on d on , Willi am Si mpson, Esq. ' Brook House, Cambridge. On the 24th ult., Mr. J. Halsey, late ofjewry-street On the 24th ult., in Portman-square, Charles Morris,...,Sy, On the 26th ult., at D or ki ng , Miss Bell, of the ri" Cheltenham. On the 27th ult., in South Audley-street, Mr. J. Testar•• • , On the 27th ult., in Tilney-street, Park-lane, Anna ILD lr r j . wife of the Rev. S. John es K n i g h t, R ector of Welwyn, la.edoif On the 28th ult., at Cl a ph am, M rs. A me li a Wood, w_.,l of the late Colonel W. U. Wood, of the East India compsw Service. ....%f ' _- ---,-,-.-„. 1 ,o London: Printed and Published by MURDO 1 - 0 11 :11* No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sux Office, NO. 0( Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy►, in the C a m Illidaltssz, Monday, July 1, 1844. Cor n , Ceyi, Java Jain a Mod N'Ve hai these artic and eheap paten orl \Vu ha Inetropoh, m onodic t ieles he c tlayte e ' r n a ) l 4. l Y d tnr tl n tr bit e i r or 4.th is grr nulnerabl * hose W pal e a n largede`t, a 1,11 ,8 r'Teive o It 0 0 , v IN 0, of Our v t, tmzi. SHE SUN, LONDON, IVIONDAY ___EVE_NNG, JULY 1, 1844. iti 31% fSS 4SO 640 380 15 365 50t)4 40 1 230 30 30 240 72% Is% 6% 17 11.;13s. 1 14234 Il 51 I9oi IS, 1:1 1534 15 )4 N 2 43( 173 305 12% Ibo 4N 42 196 26% 14' 45% 17 34% 25 26T 11% 64 221 101 123% 78% 29%