The Sun. — London, England, 1845-07-21 00:00:00

LLOYD'S SHIPPING 'We wexhox JULY 19.—Wind X..1 7 ,.W. to N.N.E., light air ilia Very eather. Ptati, 18.—Viriod W. to W.N.W. and W.S.W., squally.— 7 L &mud nondington, Noakes, Calcutta; Sharp, Mallet, Co- Jea n Arr,l. from tlic River and sailed C:csar, Evans, BerblCe ; 4Willis, Willis, Demerara. Sl.l. Elizabeth Buckitattl, Bcwly, iim'esten ; Jain, llelseltine, St. Thomas's ; Stephen, Murchic, St. 'NW Brunswick ; Princess Alice Maud e , Ru n t, St. John's, t r." ( ; Pleiades, Pater, Richibucto. .b.tot:TH ' JULY 18.--Wind S.W.—Arrd. Twee t % 1:4"0:Mon, Sierra K•one, and sailed for Sunderland. Off port, 16th, 1311Thadoes, Quebec. ,k ‘ Atistourn, JULY 18.—Wind variable and ina Off port, Ha ut!, Ichaboe ; Ava, Symons, Quebec, ,!dacha aV ERPOOL, JULY 18.—Wind light.—Arrd. Margaret, Mills, Bay ; Franklin, Sawyer, New Orleans; COlisypitun, Brown, I'f - Orleans ; Tyrone, Spear * New OrleattrA Oxnard, Buck.ey, 'New c ro ' e aus Gharlernair; Mew Orleans; Isabella Stewart, I‘litv,,,selli St - t Antelope, Prince Edward's Island. Sid. brains, Ilalnlin, Ceylon; Maid of Cashmere, Ilamnett, ^,„„ Alfte, Bennett, Buenos Ayres ; John Patchett, Nyman, LZ 11 4.3 Ayres; Euclid. Davidson, Demerara ; Monarch, Brown, St. ; Thames, Lilly, ItaVannali ; Jessie Mitchell, 3PAII, Ren y-23, ;. James Calder, Well, Charleston; Cambridge, Barstow, New Ainaaen, Madeira; Samaritan, Dance, Alexandria. Off fit, Minstrel Boy. I k/G?itilOtrru, JULY 18.—Wind Mersey, Bulky, Quebec. r atiZaxcs, JULY 17.—Wind S.S.W., light.—Arrd 16th, Resolu "n, Davies, Quebec. • F O toucEsrEn, JULY 17.—Arrd. Resolution, Knight, Quebec; Ire -4‘l, Matthews, Quebec. 18th, Solway, 31`Leilan, Quebec. Shl., Ititli. Corsair, 31.'Gregor, Quebec. i. /l EErwoon, Jura' 18.—Wind W.X.W.—Arrd. Queen, Mitchell, l airamichl ; Denvent, Curwen, Quebec. Ctirroh, Jutv,l6.—Arrd. T. R. Raviland, Davison, Wall Island. : 1 7 ' Ly Harey, west coas of Arica. S. 15. Catherine Fraser . 11 Mes,' ad Malta .16. Mariner, Russe f ll, 3lirain ld iehl. 17. Triton, Smith , , Dalhousie. * v t JULY 17.—Wind N.W.—Arrd. Fanny, 3PAllester, Prince tvard"s Island. 41 :'atc, JULY 16.—Wind S.W.—Arrd. 'Niche M'Evers, Slack, St. 1 ',"" . 8. Off port, Friendship, Patter, Suldanha Bay. t o writusn, JULY 15,—Arrd. Galatia, Appleby, Quebec. ' ri h_ E LFAST, JULY 15.—Arrd. Caithness-shire, Seymour, Miramiehl ; '''Qbert, Richardson, Quebec. t arn', JULY 18.—Wind 16. Erin, 3PVicar, Grenada. Z‘• Alfred, Thomson Quebec. Arrive din the Roads, Prince George, 4'Parlatie, Quebec ; ' General Graham, White, Dalhousie. SUNDERLAND JULY 17.—Arrd. Empress, liodg,son, Quebec; Ram blenr,ndLLit Endymion, Cordingly, Miramichi. NOTICE TO MARINERS. 1 4411 TS ON THE NORTH COAS I' OF FRANCE. The following has been posted at Lloyd's.— " Hydrographie-office, Admiralty, July 2, 1845. h The French Government has announced that on the Qth of next month the following lights will be established o tt the N. coast of France : ) . l s ' t• FLAiIIINO LIGHT OF ILE VIERGE.—This bright en will he varied every four minutes by a red flash, ‘ , 44 , 4 etich flash will be preceded and f o ll owe d by s h ort " e 'Pses. The lighthouse stands 110 yards from the Estern extrvtnity o f Vi erge I s l an d , an d two miles • N•%. and compass from the outer anchorage of Aber in lat. 48 deg. 38 min. 23 sec. N., len. 40 deg. rein. W. The light is 108 feet above the level of the • at high water of spring tides, and may be seen at th e "Manc e of 15 miles. "!.) AND 3. Two LIGHTS OF ABERVRAC'LI.—The we,;- "Ttimost of these lighthouses is paced on Vrac'h w hich li es to the eastward of the entranze of Aber• 3 1 : a c'h, in lat. 48 de g . 36 mitt. 57 sec. N., lon. 40 d eg . . 30 sec. W. The light will be red and fixed, and ""t stand 59 f ee t a b ove t h e l eve l o f t h e sea at high Water of spring tides ; it will be visible in fine weather f k t the distance of four miles. The easternmost light is , I ;ed but bright, and will b e pl ace d on t h e tower of 2°flquerneau Church, nearly four miles S.E. by E. by Pass from the above light on ,Il e V rac 'h. I t w ill ,▪ rid 226 feet above the lev e l of th e s e a at hi g h water t) tsprin g tides, and may be s e e n a t t h e di stance o f 10 kil t& `'• Nom—The red light of Ile Vrac'h in ling' with ruquerneau light will be the leading mark for running kt Abervrac'h creek from the sea, but it will pass w l ,t,,ltin 80 yards of a ro c k ca ll e d t h e P et i t Pot de Better-, inch lies in the cs,oter anchorage of Abervrt,c'h, and • e.. h must - be 'left to tle, - ! northward. The lighthouse k Ile Vrac'h will be painted white, so that the above atit will be equally conspicuous by day. t '' It is intended to eiitablish two small inner li g ht s , for "e, Purpose of guiding vessfis not only into th e princi -0111 anchorage of Ab ervrac 'h, b ut up to A nge , an d St. A ntoine, which is dry at low water. 411 4 It is high water at full and change in Abervrac'h at Init., and ordinary spring tides rise about 25 feet." _• WRECK OF THE DUTCH INDIANIAN. tieIRANGE CONDUCT OF THE DUTCH CO.NSUL. h disclosures respecting the wreck of the Dutch Indianian, b, s . 4 uhn Hendrick, lost on the St. Paul's Rocks, near the eater as reported in another part of this journal, has pro :tett the greatest commiseration throughout the docks; yet ; 4 6 the same time, we regret to state that the treatment of the tleiltitute survivors by the Dutch Consul widely contrasted with Yenerosity of other Governments to their shipwrecked t h "'tiers. It appears that the moment the Chance, the ship 4'l saved the poor fellows, arrived in the decks, the Dutch I t arp and the surviving portion of his crew, accompanied i‘_ Captain 'Roxby, of the Chance, proceeded to the office of Ali consul, in Fenchurch-street, f or th e purpose o f o b ta i n i ng 11, j and to be forwarded to th e i r na ti ve country . I L ces , -ary to state that owners of vessels rescuing lives on h seas are entitled, by an Act of Parliament, to one a itv 'lug and sixpence per day for the keep of such persons so t), ° °l. Although the unhappy creatures were on board of the p d ;ane for forty days, mest liberally treated by the captain, t h ° is the owner, and who placed her in great danger to save , 14 7 ,1 , incurring an expense of near 801., he did net press his th,,ni• The Dutch captain, however, begged the Consul, I,,,'°ugh the medium of the public prints, to acknowledge their w h a .rtfclt thanks to Captain Rnxby, for preserving the nothingdone; I. e , : t he sort has taken place, and the treatment tr , :'ved throughout, to say the least of it, towards Roxby, has been most unge n tl eman l y . Th e th 4 ",th captain, who is respectably connec te d, was t o ld th e la was due to Captain Rozby must be put down to ser)re of h uman it y , an d if h e waste d anyt hi ng f urt h er h e ti b e d —d; It is true, certainly, that the Dutch mariners ti r e wh a t i s terme d outf i tted—clad in suits of second-hand ' t thio ß, out of liounsditch —and housed at the Yorkshire WY Tavern, in Lower Thames-street ; but the allowance was oth g nriy as compared with the treatment wrecked seamen of ittioo s couldco meet with in the port of London. seamen Yester tj' the reporter, in order to ascertain the truth of the a b ove bee 4l _l>lait i t, w a i te d upon the Consul, but he met with no better q o 'len, n t e groundat the newspapers had , w ith th e prac h t , ees of the Dutch Government p . nothing to Trly On Saturday the poor seamen, with their capt a i n , t oo k h r departure in the Rotterdam steamer for their native place. previously took their leave of Captain Roxby and the : 4 Of the Chance, who had saved them ; it was of a most :ePettionate character. They complained bitterly of the man th„:theY had been treated by their consul. It is, we believe, i ntention o f C a pt ain Roxby to prosecute the Dutch Go ll'jntnent for the amount he is entitled to, and to present it to funds for the erection of the New German Hospital.— es. COWES, ISLE OF WIGHT. (FROM OUR CORRL.PONDE \ T.) ROYAL YACHT SQUADRON INTELLIGENCE. ARRIVALS. tq' inl Y 12.--Corsair cutter, John Congreve, Esq., from Cher for!R, having been supplied with a new mast; she sprung her n,er mast on her passage out. 4, 1 ` - 'h.—Estneralda schooner, T. W. Fleming, Esq., from 11, -a4 4 and the Motherbank—this gentleman is the Comm ttiOOnet !;' "f thelately formed at Ryde ; Resolution Duke of Rutland, from Torbay ; Wave ender, Mar.. Blandford, from Portsmouth. th,',U l .---Einmeline brig, E. N. Harvey, Esq., from Milford; beautiful brig, it is said, was formerly a slaver. DEFARTURES. 11 0 41 7 1 2.—Kestrel brigantine, Commodore the Earl of Yar ds:Ugh, for Spithead, to accompany the experimental aqua - P4th t° sea ' -2—Falcon cutter, John Beardmore, Esq., for Plymouth; "tclunch cutter, Lieutenant- Colonel Bowers, C. R., to the 1 4 1 4 !Ward ; Gitana schooner, J. Digby Murray, Esq., on a with her Majesty's fleet. Is l e --Louisa schooner, Sir Hyde Parker, Bart., fo r Ire ,- .YACHTS AT AND ABOUT THE STATION. lip B ;, u noners—Flirt, Camilla, Fairy, Maud, Resolution, ,smeralda, Wyvern, Syren, Julia, and the brig Emmeline. utter s — Pearl, Sparrowhawk, Alarm, Peter e l, Avenger, 11,. e 1 t0. Forest Fly, Corsair, Elizabeth, Nymph, A mazon , .14..7. 10 , Osprey ' Will - o'-the-Wisp , Turquoise, Noran, Naiad, Rave, Heroine, and Columbine yawl. .lbe he following noblemen and gentlemen have arrived during ti t week at th e Gl o b e H ote l, M ar i ne - parat t e :— Lord Ad , Aphus qrltlarence, Lord Ca.tlereagh, Lord Cantalupe, Lord W. ter m, Sir John Cope, Colonel Dundas, Mr. and Mrs. Mil loe, Captain Howard, Captain Murray, J. Brown, Es q ., C 0,17! ,17! Keene, and Mr. and Mrs. T6pper. 4„„Be Duke o f I3 eau f or t and family are expected at Trafalgar G r ,!e to-morrow, and the Earl and Countess of Wilton at VZ,_,House, the Marquis and Marchion• ss of Blandford at 1): (1 ;"ttage on Monday. Her Majesty and suite ate ex ft,).,:i" to return to Osborne House to-morrow. It is under iq that the Q ueen D owager p ro po ses t a ki ng up h er resi d ence s'?" n eighbourhood this autumn and winter, if she ca n o b tain sERtoUS uktable residence. ACCIDENT.—A horse belonging to her Majesty at A' o , 4 ne, a vicious brute, kicked one ot the stablemen named " On Tuesday last, and broke the poor fellow's jawbone. SPANISH BONDS. S tn To THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. end, a - -Permit u s , th roug h th e me di um o f y our p a p er , t o th y %ur to draw the attention of influential persons towards Go v as e of the English holders of Spanish Bonds. The Spanish tlivirrnent gave us an assurance that the cou p ons , or %,,,: . nds, sho u ld b e pa id , an d i t i s to b e h ope d t h at our own 4, o ,ninent will remonstrate with the Spanish Ministers on 4 14, r 't 01 their breach of faith. If one of our merchant-ships fo r : e l l Ise attacked by Spaidards, our Governrnent would en liondsre,tinbutiou, and certainly the English holders of Spanish e are ' S'* just chim and every hope to be reimbursed.— Al Sir. your friends, MANY HOLDERS OF SPANISH BONDS. Ytnc 't l, , 17th July, 1845. Tt t , -ca LATE CASE OF FLOGGING AT WINDSOR. Si TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. th e have read the account published in your paper of ili,lle,t,:ih,,arisise:vianirlthy conduct of the two privates in the 2d hafts % °' Coldstream Guards, stationed at Windsor. It makes shudder to find that such severe, unjustifiable twttneat should be awarded with such unaccountable haste thar i such excellent men as Seeman and Laurin, who, rather tNit,ie'Pose their p ersons in t h e tru l y i ndecent way they were 40, 4 : 4 to do with so many of their brave comr a d es , d ate d t h e Ple kt i t v it of such disgusting indecency, and cared little, corn "Y speaki ng , f or t h e sangu i nary pun i shment. ta u Cttld the circumstances stated in your paper be true, there 4, er a i7,. but one opinion upon it. The punishment for good thi4 th a tnd decency of conduct has been inflicted—the only eau now be done by a generous people, is to reward !,rii, t i t '""sro by a public testimony of approval. `uti a i i l be immediately opened, which no doubt will be en thi-:"FalIV met by the religious feelings of the moral people j , nation.—l am, Sir, 51 ) 18, 1 845. A CONSTANT READER. s ot :r0 TIM,' EDITOR OF THE SUN . tra,.e4l.--Jo reply to a letter, signed "E. A. C., " . w.hict.h.eapo 'ladara_njeur paper last evening, beg to say, in ju. it t a e eron (to whom my daughter has . been sometime 1 4 4 4 , .that whatever benefit she has derived from musical k ß;ti tln it to be attributed solely to Madame Feron's great Ilkttir°" (combined with my daughter's own predisposed floteral talent), and the result is evident from the kind and hope uteri reception she has met with from the public, which I Josthis a 'ld trust will be highly gratilying to Madame . Feron. therefore, td that lady, 1 must beg you will insert letter,l have the honour to be, Sir, yours, &c., B. SMITHSON. s."4o rd ' s Inn, July IS, 1845. r. nine iage a n ternoott Lady In ('rinses ! were 10 Leslie Culotta to their e Horse, arquis of )ragooal IVester c a specii c Prin 6 Princess n o'clock led LadY Arson , , Colonel and th • Divin, • -:-,.. Leslie ua l earl 1 n airings .d Audio, of CO - Knoe n Satur• land had ficial N- I o f Lord Thoma s Georg e Roch e, C. I V ' Air. rd. planchet. ;aturdalt eft tO 'ron't t" e lonian In inter• !neh oyal, Ste Le hed th land, th e Sydnel , Sr. Ger terday a .v. J. Cornrm l . : lon "" 66 Torn )rgan. ED.) for two Lye) • ..... g yrs— •, Senn r. . [eiklato la. )J : 51t, S TICI )S.) ncis) sy: 5 nissin, is De Mr. IZ°' na-- 4 t° a n Sol' W O . ll Plaudic ) added; arters. 1 Lye) g . ...... :3 r '7 s (iiii . l- Nev./ 4' _5 to 1 Gotb iC A ng, ash ice itst t u hree s t° our - Ullnia if )la.to, i i u°"" THE I.IJIACY LAWS. A lecture on this importanti, but,. unfortiniately, Mitch slighted subject, was delivered on ThUtsday by Mr. Perceval, at the British CoNe.hoUse, Coekspur-street. Mr. Perceval briefly referred to the laws which have been made f r ori the pai 1774 with regard to lunatic asSitimi, and the iti,tillicient means taken to prevent cru e lty to the patients in such institutions. These laws, like the Bill now before Parliament, are all mo delled upon the original plan of a Board of Metropolitan Com missioners. This plan had failed, and he adduced rr cent facts which proved that no Board ha t failed more signally than the present one. Yet the same defective system was to be per petuated by the new Bill. He also quoted several cases of ill treatment of patients in asylums, aria of the confinement of sonic persons tor sinister purposes. In support of his assertions he read a letter to the Lunatics' Friend Society, frem a per son who had been employed as a keeper in a private mad house, from which we will make a few extracts:— " Gentlemen,- -1 beg to state that I have had many years ex perience with the insane, and have seen much cruelty prac tised by men called keepers.' " I have seen a man strapped down on a bed and beaten with a chair, because he was not quiet,--I mean beaten with conti nued blows till wounds have been inflicted which he will carry to his grave. I h tve also known a man knocked down by the keeper when he has attempted to move when the keeper has been reading the paper, but, I must say, for these acts, in both instances, the keepers were discharged ; but it was by mere chance it was found out. " I also know a gentleman farmer who was put in an asylum on the pretence of insanity, and, lake all others, because he had property, and he told me himself that if he had continued there, the thoughts of the place and the confinement would have driven him mad. His friends interfered, and he was got out after a great rIsAl of trouble. I mean by the word 'friends,' hit acquaintances, for those who ought to be his friends were the persons who put him there. Gentlemen— tire conclusion I have come to, for many years, is, that there is wanted a society for the protection of the supposed insane. Nothing would give me greater pleasure than to subscribe my mi'e to such an Institution. In fact, I have often wished to have an opportunity of suggesting the usefulness of such a Society. " Gentlemen, I remain, &e. “ - ROBERT DIVELY.” Mr. PERCEVAL pointed out several reasons why, he con tended, that the proposed Bill for the regulation of the care of Lunatics, was insufficient for its purpose, and would not pre vent the repetition of the cruelties practised in madhouses. 1 hese abuses might be prevented, or at least mitigated, if the matter were less in the hands of the medical men than at present. There ought to be a clergyman appointed to visit every private mad-house at least once in every week, with power to visit as often as he pleased. Mr. Perceval gave several reasons for this; not the least striking of which was, that a large class of the really insane persons confined in madhouses are mad from religion, either sinking into a state of melancholy, or exhibiting their insanity in fanaticism. The reasoning of a sensible clergyman might in either case restore the patient to reason. There was one provision required in the new lunacy Bill which would cause a great imprOvement ; it was a clause to the effect—that every certificate of insanity made out by a medical man should state the grounds on which he believed the patient to be insane. Mr. Perceval concluded his address by calling the attention of the audience to a petition which lay on the table for signature, and which was to the following effect : " To the HONOURABLE the COM:MONS of the UNITED KINGDGM of GREAT BRITAIN and IRELAND, in PARLIAMENT ASSEMBLED. " The humble Petition tsf the undersigned Inhabitants of the City of Westminster (and other places)— " Humbly showeth—That a Bill is now before yout Honour able House, entituled, ' A Bill for the Regulation of the Care and Treatment of Lunatics in England and Wales.' " That your petitioners, whilst they freely admit that a spirit of improved legislation pervades the Bill now before your Honourable House, nevertheless, with great respect and defe rence beg to assert there are many deficiencies therein, and to which your petitioners are most desirous to call the atten tion of your Honourable House, but which the lateness of the present session of Parliament prevents them doing, either with justice to the important subject or to your Honourable House. " Your Petitioners therefore humbly pray, that this most im portant subject (including points in which the dignity of our common nature as well as that of your Honourable House be come involved if legislation is not effective) may be altogether postponed until next session of Parliament ; and " That a Committee of your Honourable House may he ap pointed to inquire into past legislation and the present condition, care, and treatment of lunatics in England and Wales, whether paupers or othet wise. " And your petitioners. as in duty bound, will ever pray, &c." Mr. Bailey and Captain Digby, R.N., two gentlemen, who had been confined as lunatics, even after the soundness of their minds had been admitted by medical men, came forward after the lecture and detailed their cases, and complained heavily of the contumelious and inefficient manner in which the Commis sioners performed their duties, which was a matter of notoriety to those who had been unhappily placed in Lunatic Asylums. AoDRESS B Y ROBERT OWEN, ON LEAVING THE UNITED STATES FOR EU ROPE, JUNE 1, 1845. ( From the New York Herald.) Americans, —After an absence of fifteen years - I have again spent nine months in your States, and nearly four months of that period in the city of Washington, during the last session of Congress. I have seen in my travels through New England and the middle States, and presume the same has occurred in the south and west, a great increase to your cities, to your population, and in the extended cultivation of the soil. I have a!so ascertained that your means to increase wealth and power, for good or evil, are illimitable for many hundreds or thousand nt years, and you could now beneficially absorb into your Union the present population of Europe. You have also progressed in a most extraordinary manner in new discoveries in science, and in mechanical inventions, to render manual labour of diminished value, and to open the path to a new state of things, which will make labour of little or no commercial value, or unsaleable, for the rightful support of the industrious. In proportion as your scientific power to create wealth has increased, individual competition has increased ignorant selfish ness, vice, crime, and misery among the masses, so as to make all parties blind to their present position of high capabilities and to their interests as individuals and members of society. Your statesmen are occupied in unprofitable and nationally injurious polities. Your politicians in petty local party contests, useless for the attainment of great results. Your capitalists and extensivediperchants are overwhelmed in speculations, hazardous to themselves, and of little compara tive benefit to their country or to the world. There is no foresight, wisdom, or order—no permanent, prosperous fu.ure in any of their proceedings. Your traders, wholesale and retail, are wasting, most in juriously, much of the capital, talent, and industry of your country, and at the same time keeping the mind and morals of the Union upon a low level, most disadvantageous to every class. Your most industrious classes are kept unnecessarily in toil, ignorance, and consequent degradation. Senseless superstitions pervade the land without a particle of real charity being created between any of the classes, sects, or parties, possessing any one of these monster obstacles to human progress, for any who have been made to differ from them ; and religion is perverted to worldly purposes. Your prisons and punishments increase, and the necessity for more, while the present state of things continues, will daily be come stronger. You have already, to a great extent, throughout the Union, ignorance, poverty, division, and misery. And yet, as the causes of these evils have been discovered, they may be now easily removed. For you are in secure possession of a most magnificent country ; of a territory, even now, more than sufficient to amply supply the population of the world ; more than sufficient to ensure high comfort and elevation of mind and feeling for all. You have all the materials to effect these results in illimita ble masses, and surplus power to obtain and apply them. There is nothing in your position deficient but the know. ledge how, peaceably and beneficially for all, to apply the means to accomplish these glorious results. How important is it then that this knowledge should be at ta►ned in the shortest time in order that the incalculable evils which necesstaily arise from ignorance, poverty, division, crime and misery should be made to terminate. _ _ But how; can this change be speedily effected? It is now ascertained that public opinion governs the world. This change then may be effected by speedily creating a new pubiic opinion is its savour. But how is new public opinion to be created? The answer is obvious. All gre:st improvements commence with one or a few, and these, by judicious measures, interest more and more, until a sufficient number unite to accomplish the object. There is an admirable spirit abroad anxiously looking out for the right commencement of this change, and bold truths an nounced in the pure spirit of charity will now accomplish that object. _ _ Let then the proper measures to create this public opinion be now adopted, and let all good men of every class, sect, party, and state, unite for this God-like purpose. To this end let a Convention be called of delegates from every State and territory in the Union, to consider what prac tic4l measures can be immediately carried into execution to apply the enormous means to secure prosperity for all the people of these States, that they may become an example to the world of what, with sound judgment, in peace, with order, and the least injury and the most benefit to every one, from the highest to the lowest, may be done. But what is every one's business is no one's in particular, and is too often neglected by all. I, therefore, feeling a deep interest in the immediate improvement of our race, recommend such Convention to be called the " World's Convention," to consider what measures of a practical character can be adopted to ensure the immediate benefit of every class, without violence, contest, or competition, and especially what can be done to well educate and employ the unedu cated and unemployed, to fit them for the superior state of society, to create which, for all the means are new so super abundant, net only in these States, but wherever men need to live; or it may be called " The World's Convention" to emancipate the human race from ignorance, poverty, division, sin, and misery. _ _ Ihe chief bUsiness of my life has been, so far, to prepare all classes, from the highest to the lowest, for this great change in the condition of humanity in this world, and thus, in the best manner to prepare it for all future changes, whatever they may be, after we shall have done all in our power to insure knowledge, goodness, and happiness in our present mode of existence. I live but to put into activity the means to accomplish this change for my suffering fellow-men; and to see in progress the necessary measures to effect this object I leave your country on the let of June for Europe, intending to return here about the middle of September. !king of no class, or sect, or party in any country, but a sincere friend and being most desirous to abolish all to all, party distinctions , I recommend that the ," World's Conven tion," previously mentioned, be held in the City of New York, to commence on the first day of October next, and to continue until the great and good . work of est a bli s hi ng equa l an d j ust rights among men, and insuring the progressive improvement and happiness of all, shall be well understood. It will be found on full investigation that there is but one interest amongst all the human race, and that is, that each one should be the best taught from birth, the best employed through life, and that the inferior circumstances of man's crea tion should be replaced from around all by those only of a superior and permanent character , whether animate or inani mate ; for as these are, so will man become. These measures have no individual interest or object in view ; it is, therefore, earnestly requested, for the good of humanity, that the press will advocate t he call and object of this Convention, and prepare the minds of the public for the great and glorious re sults which may, by these measures, be speedily obtained for all of every disc in every country. ROBERT OWEN. New York, 24th May, 1845. THE LATE THOMAS HOOD.—We are glad to learn that the subscription for the family of this distinguished writer already exceeds 1,0001., and is still making progress. We have observed also with satisfaction, durirg the last few days, the in fluential names of Mr. Charles Dickens and Mr. Thomas Carlyle added to the committee list. Sanctioned by such eminent ex amples, and hitherto so liberally supported by the public, this ex cellent object can hardly fail to meet with a complete success—such a success as will fitly express the public recognition of the poet's genius, and ensure to those whom he held dear an ample provision against future want. We call attention once more to the subject, as we understand that the subscription-lists are to be closed of the Ind of the current month. . nil tV, LONDON, MONDAY MORNING, JULY 21 5 1845. CITY OF II ON Ole4' TAX - UPON COALS. TO THE EDITQff OF ,THE Sin4-43y the statute of 1 James 11., c. 15. s. 13, it is enacted," That coals to be &livered at Chelsea College shall be free of the City duty." Can you be kind enough to inquire if the same privi lege is'conceded by the Bill now before Parliament for regulating the City tax upon coals..—l am, Sir yours, &c. Ilfracombe, July 16, 1845. 1 1 . W. - 1). • THE ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF ENGLAND. Si.tatwsnualr, Jut,v 18.—Yesterday being the first day of the cattle show, the town was crowded from au early hour. THE DINNER. At four o'clock the great dinner of the Society took place in a pavilion erected in the Quarry-fields, which are situated close to the town. The temporary building in question, which is the same that was erected in Southampton last year, is capable of accommodating 1,200, and there were at least 1,000 persons present. The Duke of Richmond presided, and Lord Portman, the President-Elect of the Society, officiated as Vice-President. The Noble Chairman was supported on his right by the Mayor of Shrewsbury, Lord Hill, the High Sheriff of Salop ( St. John Charleton, Esq. ), Viscount Clive, the Hon. Thomas Kenyon, the Earl of Chichester, the Earl of Sheffield, Lord Berwick, Lord Mostyn, &e., &c. On his left sat the Duke of Cleveland, Earl Pawls, T. J. Smithman Edwards (the late Mayor of Shrewsbury), Lord Kenyon, Lord Hatherton, Earl of Aylesford, Lord Southampton, Lord Forrester, Viscount Newport, the Marquis Delitreo, Count Potocki, Captain S. Carr, Major Gravenitz, and the Earl of Mansfield, the Vice- Chairman. Among the company we also noticed Earl Spencer, Earl Talbot, Mr. D. Barclay, M.P., Mi. Bellew, M.P., and Mr. E. Buller, M. P. The cloth having been drawn, the usual loyal and patriotic toasts followed. _ _ The Earl of Powts said, that if the toast which had been allotted to him to propose required anything like elo quence to recommend it to the consideration of English farmers, he should have wished it to have been proposed by some person more used to public speaking than he was, to make it palatable to them. But the toast which ,he would have the honour to submit to their consideration would not require anything to recommend it in such a com pany as that which he had the honour to see before him. It was, " Success to the Royal Agricultural Society of England" —( Applause)—and in promotion of which that goodly com pany had been assembled. The Noble Earl, after alluding to the power which England had obtained through the scientific qualifications of such men as Watt, Bolton, and Arkwright— one of whose descendants was, he was happy to say, present on that occasion—then asked what would have signified the labour and.the skill of these men if the agriculturists had not been at home to feed the vast population to which their engage ments gave employment?— (Hear, hear.) He begged, in con clusion, to propose the toast which he had already announced, and which he was sure they would drink with enthusiasm.— ( Applause.) The Duke of CLEVELAND proposed " The Deputation from Mecklenburg present."—( Hear.) If they had no other claims upon the hospitality of the Company, it was enough for him to state that the greatest kindness had been displayed to Mr. Handley, one of the oldest members of their council, by the people of Mecklenburgh, upon the occasion of his paying a visit to that State.—( Hear, hear.) He would not further detain them, but propose " The deputation from Mecklen burgh."—( Applause. ) Captain CAne, one of the deputation in question, shortly expressed his acknowledgments. Earl SPENCER then said—Gentlemen, the Committee have selected me to give the toast—( here the bells struck out, and interrupted the Noble Earl, which caused great laughter) —of " Agriculture, manufactures, and commerce." ( Here the bells struck out again, and the laughter was increased.) The Noble Lord proceeded—The reception which you have given me is undoubtedly far more agreeable than the reception which I have received from the bells.— ( Laughter, in the midst of which the bells again chimed forth, which created immense mirth, and was greatly in creased by a person calling out, " Silence that dread ful bell ; it frights us from our propriety.") I have (said the Noble Lord) been called upon to propose the next toast.—( Again the bell renewed its noise, the inter ruption from which was borne by the Noble Earl with the greatest possible good humour. At length it was silenced, and his Lordship proceeded.) I propose the toast entrusted to me with the greatest cordiality. I feel that the toast of " Agriculture, manufactures, and commerce," is one which it must be the fullest wish of every one of you to receive with the greatest satisfaction.—( Hear, hear.) My only difficulty is in proposing such a toast, where I know I have the cordial con currence of all those whom I have the honour to address. The greatest difficulty with me is to select the topics on ,which I shall address you, or on which you will not anticipate me in feeling everything I can say. This country de pends—the greatness of the country, the prosperity of the country, the happiness of every class in the country —depends upon the prosperity of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and if I could conceive that there was any Englishman who was an enemy to either of these classes, I should look upon that man as an enemy to his country.— ( Hear, hear.) I shall take the toast, or rather the parts of which it is composed, in an inverse order from that in which I myself feel their importance. I shall begin with mann factures—the manufactures of the country are the sources of employment to vast masses of our fellow countrymen. On their prosperity depends the actual existence, in anything like comfort, of the greatest number of the labouring population of this country.—(Cries of " No, no," from Lord Kenyon, whose interruption was drowned by the cheers of the company.) What (exclaimed the Noble Earl, with great earnestness) does any gentleman say to you—that look ing at the manufacturing districts—looking at the employment of such enormous masses of the population—does any one say that it is not for their advantage that manufactures should prosper ?—(Cheers.) I really, when I began, could not conceive it possible that any one, whatever might be his means of knowledge, would say no to such a proposition as that. If we look to the millions of our fellow-countrymen—of our poor fellow.countrymen—of our honest, industrious labourers, whose existence, whether in comfort or in starvation, depends upon the prosperity of our manufactures, I must profess that at a meeting of farmers a doubt should be expressed whether it was for the advan tage of the country that prosperity in manufactures should exist, is to me one: of the most extraordinary things I ever heard. Who are your consumers? Who buys your produce ? Who is it that encourages the improvement of the agriculture of this country ? We all know that when there is prosperity in the manufacturing districts, there is a concurrent advantage to the agricultural interests.—( Hear.) We all know when there is a failure in the manufacturing interests, we feel it its our prices, but, above all, we feel it in the encouragement which is given to agriculture.—( Hear, hear.) What country, I_ should be glad. to know, ever arrived at a high state of perfection through the medium of agriculture alone This is a great country—rich in every line—great. in every line—skilful and industrious in every line to which it has applied its energies; and this energy of the country has been given us to improve—to improve, I say—for I do net say that we have yet arrived at anything like perfection— but to improve agriculture, in which I have no doubt we at present occupy a position superior to that of any other na tion in the world. So that in addressing Englishmen of every description, if I were to speak to them of the prospect of manufactures, I should expect they would be ready to applaud; but in addressing an assembly of farmers, I feel still more confident they must applaud the sentiments to which I give utterance,—( Hear, hear.) The commerce of the country is another point to which I wish to call your attention. The commerce of the country is one of the great elements of our prosperity. To the commerce of the country we owe our present naval superiority, and upon com merce that superiority must depend; and, in asking you to drink prosperity to the commerce of the country, I ask you to drink a toast which I am sure you will all concur in.— ( Hear.) I now come to agriculture, and I address you with perfect confidence on that subject. Without agriculture our manufactures could not go en—(Cheers)—without agricul tore our commerce would languish—without agriculture our people would be miserable.—( Hear, hear.) I have always been desirous to promote, to the utmost degree, the im -1 provement of the agriculture of the country.—( Hear, hear. ) I concurred with my Noble Friend in the chair, and with my friend Mr. Handley, in establishing this Society—l think the Society has done a great deal of good, and I think it.will yet do a great deal more good than it has yet done, in promoting the improvement of agriculture. The agriculture of the country is of the greatest possible im portance. • I have already stated what I feel, with regard to manufactures. I have stated what I feel, with regard to commerce; but then I feel that this applies to only parts of the country, while agriculture applies to the whole— ( Cheers)—and, therefore, it is of the greatest importance to every interest in the country—it is of the highest importance to every person who is engag'l in trade or occupation in the country, that the agriculture of it should prosper.—( Hear. ) Our prosperity, however, depends upon our own exertions.— ( Hear.) We must improve agriculture in every way we can, with a view to obtain the greatest amount of produce out of the smallest amount of outlay. It is impossible' to describe the effect of agriculture upon the happiness of the community. I feel, as you all know I do, that it is a most agreeable occupation. I feel that I can pursue its various interests through all parts of the year. There is no part of the season in which an agriculturist may not find full and entire employment. I won't say that it is—at least lately—a profitable occupa tion.—( Laughter.) lam too much of a practical farmer to tell you that—(Hear)—but although ;it has not been as profitable as I could wish it to be latterly, yet I don't think, so far as I am concerned, that it has diminished in its in terest at all.—(Cheers.) It is also a most agreeable occupa tion, and suits every man whatever his disposition may be. —( A laugh.) If a man likes to look at the dark side of things, then there is scarcely any kind of weather which is not bad for some part of his crop.—( Hear, hear.) I can not say that I am fond of looking at the dark side of the picture. But on the other hand, if a man like to take an agreeable view of matters, then the same weather which is injurious to some part of his farm, will, he knows and feels, be good for another. (Loud cries of hear, hear.) Therefore, 1 say that farming suits everybody's taste. Those who like grumbling, can find in it plenty of opportunity for grumbling, and those who like to be pleased, can always find something in it to please them. ( Hear and a laugh.) 1 will not detain you further, but will propose at once, " Success to the Agri culture, Manufactures, and Commerce of the country. (Cheers, ) 'f he Earl of CHICHESTER proposed " the health of the Mayor and Corporation of Shrewsbury." The Mayor returned thanks. Earl TALBOT proposed, in complimentary terms, " the health of the Noble President," which was drunk amidst loud cheers. The CHAIRMAN expressed his gratification at the confi dence which the agriculturists of the county had reposed in him. Lord HATHERTON proposed the health of the labouring classes, not merely of those connected with agriculture, but the labouring classes in every department of industry in the United Kingdom.—(ApplauEe.) lie called on them to omit no opportunity of promoting the comfort of the labouring classes, and in that respect to imitate ;he example set them by the Noble Duke in the chair. The CHAIRMAN propoEed, " the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland, and the Royal Agricultural Improvement Society of Ireland." The Earl of MANSFIELD responded to the toast, and said it was true that this Highland Society was the parent of the Eng lish Agricultural Society ; but the offspring had outgrown its parent.—( Hear.) From the end of England to the end of Scotland, he declared that all felt the greatest interest for Ire land—that they felt that they were all one people, and that they hoped the people of Ireland would become their rivals in all that could advance the physical or moral interests of man kind.—( Cheers.) Lord CLIVE proposed, in complimentary terms, the health of Lord Portman, the President-elect.—( Hear.) Lord PouTitax expressed his acknowledgments. He hoped that as many of them as could would do him the honour to be present at the meeting of the Society next year at Newcastle. The Noble Chairman then retired, and the company sepa rated, evidently gratified with the proceedings of the day. There was a ball in the evening, which was well attended by a fashionable company. - There is to be an of the cattle to-day, and it is ex pected to be well attended, THL F TCOME-TAX. TO TIM' EDITOR OP' THE SO'. :::ra,—As the income schedule returns are now again in the course,df circulation throughout the country, it *ill not lie out of time to offer c rnplaint again. That it is ma:lif(-stly unjust to tax tradr!inen., clerks, and look-k,viers, equally wi:h the" real prdpetty man and the fundholder, no honest person will venture to deny. Sir Rjhert, by way of excuse, took it upon him self to say there' would be a " difficulty" in drawing a line. Not the least could there ba were he inclined to act equitably. He might subject the real property and the funded property holders to a duty upon 1501., and the tradesman, clerk, and book-keeper, to 3001. ; or, if that (lid not suit him, hake a difference in the ratio of duty as between the landholder, the fundlnilder, and others. Sir Robert knew his landholding majority would sup port him in his injustice, but he may not have them at his back another whole year. I think he will not, from the events which are forecasting their shadows ; but at any rate he must be still reminded of his income inflic tion.—l am, Sir, your obetlient servant, A LOVER OF RIGHT. July 16, 1845. LITERATURE. POEMS. By Eliza Gook. Second Series. The lovers of poetry have lamented that in this age of civil;zation eud intelligence, while every other species of literature improves and advances, poetry alone—the noblret and highest of the whole—has deemed to decline and fade away. They ask why we must seek for genius only in the pwt----is there not more wisdom, more learn ing in the present day?—is not education more widely diffuser!, the intellect mere cultivated, the taste more re fined ? Why then • are the inspirations of the poet counted hut among the things that were? To those who sp-alt thus we would reply, their own arguments convey their aeswcr. Tee march of intellect has effected wonders, its pregress IS Vivifying as the sun ; learning and knowledge improve by civilization, but poetry needs no adventitious aid. Science may require investigation and research, philosophy needs experience and reflection, but who would " gild refined gold?" Genius requires no teacher but nature ; the unstudied effusions of the heart are the brightest and the best. It is for this reason that poetry has eeclined : we have sought to refine that which is itself the essence of nil refinement, to improve the highest efforts of human intelligence—what wonder if we hew. failed? The hothouse flowers way be lovely, but they have lost the perfume of their native mountains. True poetry must be unstudied as nature, free as freedom itself— " Immortal habitant of mind, And catch its beauty from the day, its music from the wind." It is for this reason that the poems of Eliza Cook have obtained such celebrity. Free from the vain embellish. ments of art, they are, like beauty, " whet unadorned adorned the most." They come from the heart of the writer, and will totteli a responsive chord in the breasts of all who read them. It is unnecessary to recommend this volume t') the attention of those who are acquainted with the first; the admirers of true poetry will find in it the same unstudied charms, the language of simplicity and truth. " Compared to this, Italian trills are tame." In the introduction Miss Cook observes— " I can only write from my heart, and that heart has been left from infancy to the mercy of its own intense impulses. My rhyming tendency developed itself at a very early age, but the tones of judicious praise, or improving censure, never met my ear. The advantage of an enlightened, nay even a common education was denied me, lest Knowledge should only serve to faster Poetry, and make ' a sentimental fool' of me. I was left like a wild colt on the fresh and boundless common of .Nature, to pick up a mouthfal of Truth where I could. The woods and brests became my haws : the rippling stream and bulrush sighing in the wind whispered to me in sweet and gentle breathings : the silver stars in the measureless night sky, and the bright flowers in my morning path awoke my wonder, and opened the portals that; led to the high and mys terious temple of Thought. God and Creation were before my eyes in all their glory, and as an untaught child I wor shipped the Being who had endowed me with power to con terni.late his works, and rejoice therein.'" Many of the poems are evidently recollections of child ho,xl, and are written in an easy, inartificial style. Some are cl,voted to the simplest objects—" The Old Straw Hat," " The Room of the Household," and others of the same description ; but even the humblest subjects pos sess a charm from the natural rind unafrxted manner in which they are depittd. It might be said of this au thoress, " Quod tgngit aruat." The following are specimens of the mere serious poems:— ON THE IR►S?-i GREAT WESTERN RAILROAD FROM DUBLIN TO GALWAY. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN._ SIR,—As you were kind enough to insert some letters from me on the all absorbing question in the west of Ireland, the railroad from Dublin to Galway, permit me, through your columns, to congratulate my friends in Ire land and the empire at large, at the triumphant manner in which this great national undertaking has passed the House of Commons—a measure fraught with untold ad vantages to the trade, commerce, and industry of this country, and sure to bring employment to thousands upon thousands of the half-employed peasantry of Ire land, " willing to labour but no man to hire them." Here, then, is a fund .of employment for years to come ; for this railroad across Ireland will lead to numerous branches ; in fact, Athlone, on the river Shannon, at the centre of Ireland, will be the point at which all the railroad, north, east, south, and west will gain their traffic. The magnificent harbours on the west and south-west coast, which surround Ireland, will be approached by railroad in a few hours from the metro polis (Dublin), which, as well as Belfast, Drogheda, Wicklow, Wexford, and Waterford will be the points, as ports opposite England, Scotland, and Wales, from whence railroads shall convey to Cork, Galway, and Sligo. By the Galway Railroad (when steam-vessels, now building for the purpose, shall be finished) the metropolis (London) can be brought within eight days of New York, certainly within ten days ; and the inha bitants of the; north of But ope will find their way to America and the southern world through Ireland, alone: this very line. Surely the House of Lords will give their sanction also, and thereby afford our gracious Queen the happiness to put, within one short mouth, her seal to a work, looked forward to, by so lazge a por tion of her devoted and loyal subjects in Ireland, as es sential to their happiness. The Grand Canal, aprivatecompany, alone now oppose this great measure. Let that company adopt an improved system of tractage on their Canal, so as to reduce their charge to one penny a ton per mile, which they can do, and have a profit, and they need not apprehend competi tion in the legitimate carrying trade for this Canal. At all events opposition from interested motives must not be suffered to bar the passing of it measure that has been prepared for the identification of the good of Eng land and Ireland. . _ I attended the House of Commons' Committee on the two Bills, now so happily gone to the Upper House — one the Dublin by Mullingar to Longford, the othor the railway I have just mentioned ; and I am happy to tell my countrymen that five :fairer specimens of honest independent gentlemen, anxious to hear the truth and come to a good decision, could not be found, and it must have struck those who like me attended the Com mittee for fourteen days, that every point that could be made - favourable to Ireland, seemed most highly to gratify them, and I would not hesitate to leave in such hands the settlement of national affairs of the highest importance. Ireland must not forget the exertion of the talented meniber for Roscommon, who, with his party, chalked out this excellent line, and suc ceeded in passing it in the House of Commons against the united opposition of the Grand Canal Company, Since 1830 I have never ceased to advocate this measure, and others like it, at a great sacrifice of both time and money. I have now every prospect of meeting the only reward, namely, in the perfecting a work calculated to promote peace, union, concord, industry, and commerce, in my native land, which, though hitherto oppressed, has now a fair prospect of an advent of great prosperity. —I am, Sir, your obedient servant, THOMAS BERMINGHAM. THE CUSTOMS AT LIVERPOOLi Under the new arrangement of the Landing Department o the Customs at Liverpool, to which we alluded a short time since, the following alterations have been made.' The number of Landing surveyors increased from seven to nine, and the maximum salary raised from 400/. to 500/. a year. The searchers' department, strengthened by the addition of twenty auxiliary landing waiters, with salaries of 1501. a year each, and the maximum salaries of the searchers increased from 3001 to 350/. per annum. The important duties of the gauging department at Liver pool have been hitherto performed by the landing waiters and searchers. It has now been deemed expedient, in order to en sure uniformity of practice and a competent knowledge of the business, that a class of officers should be established at Liver pool, as in London, to whom the duty of gauging should be ex clusively entrusted ; and a new department has accordingly been formed, consisting of an inspector and eight subordinates, with salaties from 150/. to 400/. per annum. Twenty-four additional superintendents of lockers have also been appointed. The increased expense occasioned by this new arrangement is about 7,0001. per annnra. But the vast increase of trade and the pressing demands and reiterated complaints of the merchants of Liverpool have imperatively called for such an augmentation of the establishment as absolgtely necessary, not only to give the requisite facilities for trade, but to afford adequate se curity for the protection of the revenue; and it is to be hoped that the completion of this long-delayed arrangement will at length give satisfaction to all interested in the trade and com merce of that most flourishing port.— Observer. UNITED SERVICE INSTITUTION. On Saturday at two o'clock, a special general meeting of the members of the United Service Institution, Whitehall-yard, was held at the museum of the institution, to hear the report of the committee on certain propositions submitted to their considera tion. There were present Lieut.-Col. Elliott, Lieut.-Col. Campbell, Lieut.-Col. Sykes (Bombay army), F. R. S., Sir F. Malcolm, the lion. E. S. Knox, Lieut.-Col. Hanmer, Sir C. Forbes, Lieut.-Gen. Sir H. Douglas, Bart., G.C.8., Sir A. Eyre, gm Lieut.-Gen. Sir H. Douglas, Bt., G.C.8., presided, and briefly stated the objects of the meeting. Mr. L. W. TONNA then read the report which recommended the postponement of the question of applying for a royal char ter of incorporation, as the probable expenn would be above 4001. It also suggested, that in order to increase the funds, all officers after the first of Jan., 1847, on becoming members, should pay an entrance fee of 11., in addition to their suba':rip• t ion, and that the secretary be directed to open a book to receive donatims towards building a lecture room, and other improve ments. The Secretary next read the names of the subscribers towards the building fund, &c. The total donations amounted to 3271. 125. 6d. The report having been adopted, Captain Grover moved, and Sir C. Malcolm seconded, a vote of thanks to the Gallant Chairman. Sir H. DOUGLAS, in acknowledging the honour, observed it was of the utmost importance that, as early as possible, the lecture-room should be completed. When that was accom plished, they would then be able to raise the funds to obtain a charter of incorporation.—The meeting then separated. Great and extensive improvements have ben made in the arrangement of the museum, which has been lately much enlarged by the addition of several curiosities from China; and it appeared that, to promote the extension of science, Govern ment transport have received directions to convey contributions from abroad to the institution free of expense. Fox CLun.—On Saturday last the noblemen and gentlemen of the Fox Club bad their annual white bait dinner at the Crown and Scentre Tavern, Greenwich. There were present—Lord darlert.ont, in the chair ; Lord Zeiland, Lord Scarborough, Lord Sudeley, Lord Beaborougia, Lord Marcus Hill, .Lord Oramuure, Lord Edward Howard, Mr. Latigston, Mr. John Abel Smith, Mr. Stevenson, Mr. George Stevens Byng, Mr. Alston, Dr. Lushington, Mr. Denison, Mr. Cavendish, Mr. Ho beits, &c. &c. &e. The party embarked at the Adelphi Pier • on board the Waternactes steamer No. 10, at five o'clock, and proceeded down the river, landing on floating pier thrown from the tavern, and returned to town About half-past ten, by the same conveyance, DEATI4 OF MR. BUTLER, THE TRAGEDIAN.—Mr. Butler, the eminent tragedian, died suddenly at Manchester, on Thursday last. He was giving a reading of Hamlet, at the Athenaeum, on the evening of Wednesday last, but at the con clusion of the 4th act, he was taken so in that he was obliged to be conveyed home immediately. and he expired on Thursday evening. The deceased gentleman, who was much esteemed in the profeision, was in his 41st year. DEATH OF WADE, THE COMPOSER. —Mr. J. A. Wade, the composer of the opera of The Two Houses of Grenada, and of " Meet me by Moonlight alone," and a variety of other popular airs, expired on Tuesday. Ho has left a widow totally unprovided for. lolnt Kennet and Avon Canal navi gation completion, for the purpose of GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.—A n a rrangemen t I:rannosw i n i nf e progress,g to the Great Western R ailwa y Company. The question of transforming the canal into a railwa y ha s for some time been under transferring the whole and p r a o p p p e r r o t a y c discussion , but at a general meeting of the Kennet and Avon Com pany, on Tuesday, it was resolved unanimously that an offer of the canal be made to the Railway Company. There is no doubt, whatever, of the issue of this negotiation, not only from what has already passed between the parties, but from the obvious interests of both. The Great Western Company would at once monopolise the whole of the carrying traffic from Bristol to London, through a double line of country (viz., the present line and the Kennet line), but a great part of the canal lies parallel to their Berks and Hants branch line, and within a few yards. To the Canal Company the advantages of disposing of a gradually declining concern, and of avoiding the future competition of a powerful opponent are self evident. The purchase will equal in importaneesome of Mr. Hud son's in the railway department. EXTRAORDINARY SPECIMENS OP MOSAICS.—AS an example of the extraordinary minuteness of the work in some mosaics, we may state that there is one specimen, a portrait of Pope Paul V., in w hich the face alone consists of more than a milllion and a half of fragments, each no larger than a millet seed; and from this size up to two inches square, pieces are employed in various ways. Ano ther celebrated specimen is that which Napoleon or dered to be made when his power was paramount in Italy. It was to be a mosaic copy of the celebrated " Last Supper," by Leonardo da Vinci, and to be of the same size as the original, viz., 24 feet by 12. The artist to whom the task was entrusted was Giacomo Raffaelle, and the men under his di rection, eight or ten in number, were engaged for eight years on it. The mosaic cost more than seven thousand pounds, and afterwards came into the possession of the Ernpeior of Austria. The Builder. , • POLITICAL WISDOM COMING EVEN TO THE POPE.— We learn from Rome that the Papal Government, with a view to the more effectual prevention of contraband trade, has reduced considerably the duties of export and import on many articles of merchandise, and intends to apply the !system of reduction to many others—Ckron(clet. THE FUTURE. It was good, it was kind, in the Wise One above To fling Destiny's veil o'er the face of our years, That we dread not the blow that shall strike at our love, And expect not the beams that shall dry up our tears. Did we know that the voices now gentle and bland • Will forego the fond word and the whispering tone ; Did we know that the eager and warm pressing band Will be joyfully forward in '° casting the stone ;" Did we know the affection engrossing our soul Will end, as it oft does, in madness and pain ; That the passionate breast will but hazard its rest, And be wreck'd on the shore it is panting to gain ; Oh ! did we but know of the shadows so nigh, The world would indeed be a prison of gloom ; All light would be quench'd in youth's eloquent eye, And the prayer-lisping infant would ask for the tomb. For if Hope be a star that may lead us astray, And deceiveth the heart,' , as the aged ones preach ; Yet 'twas Mercy that gave it, to beacon our way, Though its halo illumes where we never can reach. Though Friendship but flit, like a meteor gleam, Though it burst, like a morn-lighted bubble of dew,. Though it passes away, like a leaf on the stream, Yet 'tis bliss while we fancy the vision is true. Oh 1 'tie well that the future is hid from our sight; That we walk in, the sunshine, nor dream of the cloud ; That we cherish a flower, and think not of blight, That we dance on the loom that may weave us a shroud. It was good, it was kind, in the Wise One above, To fling Destiny's veil o'er the face of our years, That we dread not the blow that shall strike at our love, And expect not the beams that shall dry up our tears. DREAMS OF THE PAST. As we wander alone where the moonlight reposes, And the wind o'er the ripple is tuneful and sweet, When the stars glitter out as the day-flower closes, And the night-bird and dew-drop are all that we meet ; Oh ! then, when the warm flush of thought is unsealing The bonds that a cold world too often keeps fast, We F ha' I find that the deepest and dearest of feeling Is pouring its tide in a dream of the past. Oh ! wile) shall have travelled through life's misty morning, Forgetting all waymarks that rose on their track, .- Though the things we loved then had Maturity's scorning, Though we cast them behind, yet we like to look back. Though the present may chum us with magical numbers, And lull the rapt spirit, entrancing it fast, Yet 'tis rarely the heart is so sound in its slumbers, As to rest without mingling some dream of the past. Oh ! th ,: , ys that are gone—they will have no returning, And 'tis wisest to bury the hopes that decay, But the incense that's purest and richest in burning, Is oft placed where ad round it is fading away. Thfnigli the days that are gone had more canker than blossom, And even that blossom too tender to last, Yet had we the power, oh ! where is the bosom Would thrust from its visions the (beams of the past? LIVES OF THE QUEENS OF ENGLAND. Vol. VIII. By Aynes Strickland. Many and varied as are the branches of instruction, the-study of history is of all others the one most cal culated to interest and improve. From the records of the past it brings many a lesson to direct the future—it gives knowledge to the ignorant and wisdom to the simple—it is second only to experience, and in many an instance may supply its place. But, though general history. be instructive and entertaining, how much greeter is the interest we feel when following the fortunes of individuals, and contemplating the record of private trials and sufferings. "In the worst of men there is more to love than hate"—more to pity than. to blame; and however much we may disapprove of his general conduct, we cannot study the life of any single being, we cannot regard his difficulties and temptations, without sympathising in his sorrows, and rejoicing in his success. Politicians may be taught by the annals of but philosophers will prefer the history of men. w e ma; delight in reading of the actions of the great, 'but we shat; orofit more if we go to the fountain-head, and learn what feelings animated their hearts, what im pulses inspired their mighty deeds. When we think of the monarch or the warCjor we may admire their genius and be awed by their glory, but we feel no sympathy— they are different beings ; but let us look beneath the gaudy trappings of their imagined greatness—regard them as men—and we shall find they are even as our selves. Hope and fear, love and doubt, joy and sorrow dwell alike in the'hearts of all, and the highest and the proudest must feel and suffer like the humble ;. none are above our pity or beneath our love. It is for this reason we may regard biography as tie most important branch of history,. and for this reason we are indebted to Miss Strickland far, this admirable work, which she has rendered interesting'as a novel; yet instructive as history. The "Lives of the Queens of England" are well worthy of attention ;. they illustrate the influence of individual character. and the various effects of time and circum stance. Not.. pos , essed of authority themselves these illuetrious ladies occupied a prominent place in the history of. the country, strangers in a foreign land, their task was difficult., their fortune hazardous— surrounded by trials and temptations, their situation demanded the highest abilities of the mind, and the gentlest qualities of the heart. A few, indeed, found a happy home in their adopted country, but many passed lives of suffer ing and sorrow ; of this number are the subjects of Miss Strickland's present volume—the beautiful and unfor tunate Henrietta of France and the unhappy Catherine of Braganza. The life of Henrietta Maria comprises an im portant epoch in the history of England, but the authoress has been careful to avoid as much as possible all political allusions, and to speak of the Queen and not of the nation: - Though evincing a preference for the Royalist cause, this biography is written in an impartial strain. We read of the amiable qualities of llenrietta, but her faults are not passed over in silence, yet whatever were her errors, surely her situation was a trying one. Not only a foreigner by birth, but differing religion from - her husband and her subjects, the English people regarded her with dislike, all the errors of the king were attributed to her influence—she became the object of universal hatred, like the beautiful Austrian whose sorrows so nearly resembled her own. Ming Strickland justly observes:-- " At sixteen, Henrietta was no judge of the state cf her husband's affairs ; it is not an age when the faculties which produce foresight are much developed in any class of human beings • those who placed a petulant child in a situation that required all the calm temper and clear judgment of which ti woman of twenty-five is capable, were responsible for the whole of the mistakes she committed as queen. Unfortunately the effects of her childish errors in judgment weighed heavily against her in after life. Yet there was no moral wrong in the conduct of the young queen ; her errors merely proceeded from a fervent attachment to her religion, manifested without wise calculation on the prejudices of her new country. Alas! in political history, crimes committed with tact are often wiewed with complacency, but small mercy is shown to blunders, even if they may be traced to the virtuous affections." It we. wished to learn the vanity of human greatness we could hardly find a titter example than this princess, the daughter of' Henry the Great, the wife and mother of English sovereigns, her lot seemed cast in the sunshine ; but they dawn was overcast. - Believing in the infalli bility of kings, she learned by experience they are but MD . . Her illustrious father was struck by the hand of an assassin, her husband perished on the scaffold, and her children were wanderers in foreign lands. In the following touching scone we find Henrietta hearing the death of the husband whom she loved so dearly, and who, whatever were his faults as a king, was eminent for his private virtues:— "Greatly exhilarated by the arrival of her favourite son, the (peen rose on the morning of February 18 (8), with the deter mination that a fresh effort should be made to obtain tidings of her husband; she entreated a brave and faithful gentleman of her household to proceed to St. Germains to ascertain what news the queen-regent had lately received from London. " The messenger accordingly undertook the perilous service of passing and re-passing both circles of besiegers, and set off for St.' Get mains.en-Laye, where the court of France was then resident. 'lho.e who knew the dreadful secret anticipated the agonizing scene that would ensue if the Messenger ever suc ceeded in making his way back ; and after Pere Glamathe had said grace after dinner, Lord Jerutyti entreated him not to retire, but to stay to offer the yet unconscions widow all the consolation she could derive from the ministers of her religion. Oh, the dull anguish of those hours of suspense, when the shadow of the fatal event was casting its gloom over part of the assembly, and the heart of her most concerned in the approach ing tidings WAS still agitated by the sharp pangs of hope !' 4' The a , :tual truth had been communicated to the Pere Gamache, who thus had nothing to distract his observations from the effect of the authentic tidings on the mind of the hapless queen : but what words can we find so forcibly to delineate this climax of a royal tragedy, as those of him who drew it from the lite ? • At this grievous intelligence,' says the Pere Gamache, I felt my whole frame shudder, apd was forced to turn aside from the royal circle, where conversation went on for an hour on divers matters, without any subject being started which had the effect of diverting the mind of the queen from the dire inquietude under which it was secretly oppressed. At last, she complained piteously of the tardiness of her messenger, and said that he ought to have returned before with his tidings.' Then Lord Jermyn spoke: The gentleman dispatched on this errand,' he said, ' is known to be so faithful, and so prompt in executing all your Majesty's com mands, that, if he had had aught but very disastrous tidings, be would have been in your presence ere this.' " 4 Whatever they may be,' replied the Queen, ' I see that you know them full well.'" " ' I do indeed know somewhat,' replied Lord Jermyn. Then the Queen, dreadfully alarmed, entreated him to speak less darkly, and, after many circumvolutions and ambiguous words, he at length explained the horrid truth to her, who never expected such intelligence." ".Oh, the cruel kindness of those who undertake to break ca lamitous tidings by degrees ! And yet sudden death has been known to follow such a tale too bluntly told, and indeed the communicatlon, es it was, almost stopp e d th e s p r i ngs o f life, when the widowed Queez at length was brought to compre hend her loss. " ' She stood,' continues Pere Gamache, 'motionless as a statue, without words and without tears. A great philosopher has said that ordinary griefs allow the heart to sigh and the lips to murmur ; but that extraordinary afflictions, terrible and fatal, cast the soul into stupor, and, by locking up the senses, make the tongue mute, and the eyes tearless." If the good fa. ther had been, like Charles 1., himself a reader of Shakspeare, he would have described the state into which the royal widow was plunged, by that exquisite quotation The grief that cannot speak, Whispers the o'er-fraught heart, and bids it break.' " To all our exhortations and arguments,' the Pere con tinues, " our Queen was deaf and insensible. At last, awed by her appalling grief, we ceased talking, and stood round her in perturbed silence, some sighing, some weeping, all with mournful and sympathising looks, bent on her immovable coun tenance. So we continued till nightfall, when the Duchess of Vendome, whom our Queen tenderly loved, came to see her. Weeping, she took the hand of the royal widow, and tenderly kissed it : and at last succeeded in awakening her from the stupor of grief into which she had been plunged since she had comprehended the dreadful death of her husband. She was able to sigh and weep, and soon expressed a desire to retire from the world, to indulge in the profound sorrow she suffered. Her little daughter was with her, and her maternal love found it hard to separate from her ; yet she longed to withdraw into some humble abode, where she might weep at will. At last, she resolved to retire, with a few of her ladies, into the convent of the Carmelites, Fauxbourg St. Jacques, in Paris.' Before Henrietta went into the convent, her friend Madame de Motte vine obtained leave to see her; it was the day after she had learned the fatal tidings. Madame de Motteville's friends had made interest with the Frondeurs to permit her departure from Paris, to join her royal mistress, the Queen-Regent of France. She was anxious to know if the afflicted Queen of England had any message to send to her royal relatives. ' I was,' she says, ' admitted to her bedside, where I fell on my knees, and she gave me her hand, amidst a'thousand sobs, which often choked her speech. She commanded me to tell my Queen the state in which I found her ; that King Charles, her lord, whose death had made her the most afflicted woman on the wide earth, had been lost beeause none of those in whom he trusted had told him the truth ; and that a people, when irritated, was like a ferocious beast, whose rage nothing can moderate, as the King, her lord, had just proved ; and that she prayed God that the Queen-Regent might be more fortunate in France, than she and King Charles had been in England. But, above all, she counselled her to hear the truth, and to labour to discover it; for she believed that the greatest evil that could befal sove reigns, was to rest in ignorance of the truth, which ignorance reverses thrones and destroys empires. That if I was really faithful to my Queen ( Anne of Austria), I should tell her these things, and speak to her clearly on the state of her affairs ; and she finished with an affectionate remembrance I was to make to my Queen, in her name.' " Then the afflicted Queen gave me some orders relative to the interests of the young King, her son, (become Charles 11. through the lamentable death of his father.) She entreated that he might be recognised as such by the King and Queen of France, and that her second son, James, Duke of York, might receive the same entertainment as the King, his brother, had done previously. As she reiterated these requests, she wrung my hand, and said to me, with a burst of grief and tenderness, ' I have lost a King, a husband, and a friend, whose loss I can never sufficiently mourn, and this separation must render the rest of my life a perpetual torture ! I avow that the tears and words of this afflicted Queen touched me deeply. Besides the sympathy I felt in her grief, I was astonished at the words she commanded me to repeat to my Queen, and the calamities she seemed to foresee for us ; nor did I ever forget the discourse of this Princess, who, enlightened by adversity, seemed to presage for us such disasters. Heaven averted them from us, but we merited them all from the justice of God.' " The remaining portion of this v.)lume is devoted to Catherine of Bragauza, the neglected wife of the second Charles. Her lot was comparatively calm and tranquil, yet she was scarcely happier than Henrietta ; her sor rows were secret, but they were not less poignant. On the whole this book will be found interesting to all, and we await the future volumes with confidence, happy that the Queens of England have found so able an historian. A PRACTICAL TREATISE on CONGESTION and INACTIVITY q/the LIVER: showing some of the efft.ct produced Fn' nese disorders on the Most Int poi tune Organs of the Body. Second Edition. The author of this well-written little work, says in his preface : It has been my desire, as far as possible, to avoid technical expressions, and to treat the matter in so simple a style as to come within the comprehension even of those least acquainted with medical subjects." In this he has completely succeeded, for it has never been our good fortune to read a more succinctly written, clearly understandable book on any scientific subject. It is not often that we have to compliment the author of a scientific work on the beauties of his style, but we feel bound to say tkat this little work is a model as to style, well-worthy the attention of all scientific and profes sional book-writers. His first chapter is an admirably written, condensed description of the anatomy, phy siology, and pathology of the liver. The succeeding chapters arc devoted to the demonstration of the sympa thies existing between the liver and the other organs of the body, and to a description of the manner in which those organs become affected in consequence of disease of the liver. The chapter on the lungs, in which the au thor shows how frequently consumption is developed in consequence of inattention to the functions of the liver is most valuable and ; well-worthy the attention of parents. The treatment which Mr. Mosgrove adopts is very judi cious, and for the cases which he has recorded appeurs to have been very successful. His directions, as to diet, are clear and ample, and, altogether, we recommend this little manual to the attentive perusal of the bilious, the nervous, and the dyspeptic. ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.—The approaching flower-show, on the 23d inst., is likely to prove unusually attractive. The society give sixty-five gold and silver medals; and Benjamin Hawes, Esq., M. P. , V. P., pre sents five pounds for the best miscellaneous collection; Dick son, Esq., two cups, value five guineas each; and several other members extra prizes. THE MARQUIS OF SALISBURY'S GRAND FETE.— On Thursday night the Marquis of Salisbury gave a magnificent fête dansante, at the family mansion, in Arlington-street, which was most numerously attended. . 4 SOCIETY FOR THE PROTECTION AND EMYLOYMENT OF DISTRESSED NEEDLEWOMEL —On Saturday a public meeting of the supporters of this charity, which is established to protect and employ distressed needlewomen, and for clothing the poor, was held in Exeter-hall ; Lord Ashley, President, in the chair. Mr. Jeff_trie3 read the report, which chiefly czno:- sisted of a very eloquent and strong appeal to the nation its behalf of the society, and a relation of the ill-paid overworked condition of our females. According to the report 12,327 females were assisted by the society, and the receiptsamounted to 1.078/. 75., while the expenditure only left a balance of 4/. I Is.—Messrs. Luke Hansard, Crewe, and several otlikr gentlemen, moved a series of resolutions favourable to the society, after which the following subscriptions were an nounced :—Miss Copeland, Si. ; Alderman Farebrother, 5/. ; Lord Dudley Stuart, 5/. ; Luke Hansard 50/. ; Diaklnson, Esq., 101. ; &c., and the meeting separated. THE ARYLEDONE VEsTar.—The minute of 0143 vestry, appointing a committee to investigate the charges brought against the Commissioners of Sewers by Mr. Leslie, was on Saturday confirmed by a large majority. At the same vestry it was resolved to appoint a deputation to wait upon all the metropolitan and resident Members of Parliament in Marylellolle, to urge them to give their support to Sir Charles Napier's motion in the House of Commons on Tues day,elaus claus e, for b y r e - w i h n i s c e h r t i og the in largeL o r d m A e s t h r 0 1 e p y o ' i s i n ; y r i ß s h i e l ls, were h e e r e s i xe ex empted !t -empted front the operation of the 1:2 1 1, which had been ea punged onthe bringing up the of report. A ROARING ORATOR.—" Mr. President, I shall not remain silent, Sir, while I have a voice that is not dumb iu this assembly. The gentleman, Sir, cannot expostulate this matter to any future time that is more suitable than now. He may talk, Sir, of the Herculaneum revolutions, where republics are hurled into arctic regions, and the works of centuries refrigerated to ashes; but, Sir, we can tell him, indefatigably, that the consequence multiplied subterraneously by the everlasting principles contended for thereby, can no more shake this resolution than the roar of Niagara rejuvenate around these walls, or the howl of the midnight tempest conflagrate the marble statue into ice. That's just what I told them." The President fainted.—Boston Paper. CLERKS.—The first clerk of all is the Government clerk, whose situation is the most difficult of all; for the filling up of the office hours from 10 to 4, will require a great amount of ingenuity. The newspaper will furnish conversation, and, in the early part of the month, the magazines will afford light reading: that will be a relief to the dreadful monotony of doing nothing. It need hardly be suggested, that if a stranger should enter, he must be received with a stare and a yawn, while some of the old authorities recommend the whistling of a popular air from the last new opera. The bank clerk differs from the Government clerk apparently, rather than essentially. If an individual enters with a cheque to' be changed, be sure not to raise your eyes from a desk at which you are engaged, in drawing some figures on a pad, probably for your own amusement; and if you are laughing or joking with a fellow-clerk, do not cut short a good story to attend to an impatient fellow who comes to pay in or draw out money. Railway clerks are next in importance, and they should endeavour to show their dignity by declining to speak to any one who addresses them. If information is wanted, there are the printed bills to afford it; for the duty of the railway clerk is confined to taking the fares, and giving the tickets. If you arc in this situation, you should not make yourself too cheap, and you should therefore only be visible a few minutes before the starting of the train, when, as a crowd will have been waiting impatiently for you for some time, you will be sure at least of a welcome. Always give the tickets very slOwly ; for as patience is a virtue, you should take every oppnrtunity of teaching others to practise it.—Punch. THE CHELSEA EMBANKMENT. —Tile entire cost of the embankments about Cheyne.walk will be 75,4251. 4s. 1,7 d.; of which Earl Cadogan contributes 6,7451. Os. 10d.; Lord Car.. thorpe, 1,706/. 15s. 4d.; her Majesty, 1,9031. Is. fiid. ; the Chelsea Water Company, 10,403/. Os. 2id. ; the Marquis of Westminster, 8,1231. 195. 7,1.; Mr. Sloane Stanley, 3,111/. ss. 6yd„ Miss Howe, 1,6481. Is. (lid.; and Colonel Talbot, 5471. 18s. 1 id. Some of these parties, however, have not yet Oven their consent to this allotment. Letters from Rome state that the concordat, signed between the Courts of Rome and Madrid, on the 7th of April last, provided that the Catholic religion should be exclusively and for ever professed in the dominions of the Spanish monarchy; that seminaries far the education of clergymen should be established in every diocese, and placed under the special direction of the bishops ; that the latter should have the exclusive right of watch ing over the religious instruction of youth in public schools; that monasteries and convents, still in existence, should be maintained, and those suppressed re-established at a seasonable moment ; that the clerical property unsold should be restored to the church. and the despoiled religious establishments, anti that until then they should be administered by three ecclesiastical functionaries ; that the Spanish Government should assign au adequate provision for the celebration of religious worship and the maintenance of the clergy, which, together with the unsold property, should constitute the dotation of the Church, and enable its ministers to live in a decent and independent spanner; that the Church should have the right of acquiring and possessing property; that no union or suppression of ecclesiastical livings should take pYace without the permission of the holy see; and, finally, that the es tates and property of the Church should be held sacred and invio lable. The Pope, on his side, undertook from the' moment when a competent: provision should have been made for the maintenance of the Church and clergy, to issue a bull, declaring the owners of clerical property purchased previous to the Ist of January, 1845, should at no period be disturbed in its possession, either by himself or his successors. His Holiness added, that he would accredit a nuncio to Madrid for the settlement of minor religious affairs, and the period fixed for the exchange of the ratifications of the convention was not to exceed three months. The objections of the Spanish Cabinet referred to the dotation of the clergy and the sanction of the sale of the Church property, but it was believed that the Pepe would not inter info any compromise on the subject. VERY HORRIBLE.—A correspondent of the Cin cinnati Herald relates the following occurrence. It is said to have occurred near Oakland Cottage, Mississippi :—" A slaveholder, a short time previous to his death, made provisions for the liberation We are informed that his Grace the Duke of of his slaves. Those whe were entrusted with the execution of his Sutherland has sold his valuable estates in the parishes of Ross. designs failing, or refusing to carry out his last will and testament keen, Edderton, and Kincardine, to James Matheson, Esq., of the concerning the slaves, the latter became impatient to enjoy their Lewis and Achany, M.P.—Ross-shire Advertiser. long looked for boon. At length, disappointed, expecting to be The Speaker of the House of Commons has sent sold, and incensed at their oppressors, they set fire to the overseer's out cards of invitation to the chief officers of that branch of the dwelling and burnt it to the ground. A little child, which they Legislature over which he presides, for the customary entertain- were unasle to rescue, was consumed in the flames. The slaves, ment to those gentlemen, on Saturday, the 2d of next month— eight or nine in number, were taken, and two of them hung on the the week preceding the prorogation of Parliament. spot. The others were taken into an old log house and chained NEW STEAM BASIN AT PORTSMOLJTH.—The ground to the floor. The house was then set on fire, and these poor victims, by a slow fire, burned to death in this most shocking and buildings required for the formation of this extensive and costly manner, " while the air was rent with their unavailing shrieks and work are at length in the hands of Government, and the space corn screams. prises nearly all that part of Portsea heretofore known as the New Buildings, and shuts the town out from all communication with the ROPE ENOUGH . —We have often heard of " long harbour on its north side, excepting by a hard or landing place only. y arns, " and of giving a man " rope enough," but we think the The business of removing about one hundred and thirty occupants rope just manufactured by Mr. Thomas Briggs, of Richmond Hill from their various localities has been most ably managed by Mr. Ropery, Salford, outdoes any of which we have heard. It is J. 1•1",:wton Robinson and Mr, Edward Wells, the Admiralty 4,374 yards, or nearly two miles and a half in length ; weighs up. surveyors aird valuers; and Government has testified much amen. wards of two tons; and is without any splicing, and all in one dfration and liberality in the progress of these ejections. With piece or length. It has been made for Messrs. G. C. Riffling and one or two exceptions, the properties were of small value, and the Co., in connexion with the works at the New Theatre Royal, principal purchase was that of Collins's brewery, which amounted Manchester. It is manufactured by patent machinery, and refutes to nearly 18,0001., but was nevertheless settled without difficulty. the notion that has generally prevailed that such " mortal coils" . The entire purchase money, we believe, is not quite 60 , 0001 . , but can only be made at Gateshead. — Manches t e r Guardian. now the houses are down their site shows a very considerable space, BAIL IN ERROR.--A Bill has been brought front indeed, we find it comprises as nearly four acres as possibl e .— the House of Lords intituled "An Act to Stay Execution of Hampshire Telegraph. Judgment for Misdemeanours upon giving Bail In Error." It con. The Medical Gazette states, " upon good autho- tains but seven clauses. The first enacts that in every case of rity," that there is some prospect of the College of Surgeons throw- judgment given after the passing of the Act for a misdemeanor, ing open the Fellowship, under certain restrictions, to members where the defendant or defendants shall have obtained a writ of of twenty years' standing, without examination, and henceforth to error to reverse such judgment, execution thereupon shall be give individuals the option of acquiring it by seniority, or at an stayed until such writ of error shall be finally determined, and in earlier period by examination. The plan is not yet matured ; but case the defendants shall be imprisoned under such execution, or We are satisfied that it would meet with the approbation of a ma- any fine shall have been levied, either wh oll y or p artl y , in p urse. jority of the fellows as well as the members of the college. It ance of such judgment, the said defendants shall be entitled tt . .. o b n * would at once tend to put an end to much of the 111. feeling which discharged from durance, and to receive back any money leviedb account ofsuch fine from the person in whose possession it sha ll e, the recent conduct of the Council has excited in the profession. FOREIGN WINES AND SPIEITS.—A. return re any such judgment shall be staye d, be cently made to the House of Commons shows that in the year de fendants acknowledged until such final determination ; provided always , th , a a t n a d o e u x n ec u u l t t lo h i e s shall become bound by ending Janmary 5, 1815, the total quantities of foreign wine in inch c w h i s t u h m tw as o imported into this country. amounted to 8,584,586 gallons, of before one of the judges of th o e ved Co o u f r b t recognisance , f sil e ch ue j e u n dle ikV , which 1,662,788 gallons were re-exported. Upon 7,077,451 suffi h cie i n d t sureties liall d t i o re b ct e approved prosecute the writ of error with effect; forthwith to rencier the gallons duty was paid. The quantities retained for home con sumption, after deducting the amount exported subsequently s a s u a n i e d d ijdn'ecfiag.nseedltnlitesj to prison, , i'l e a c li or b d e in a g ilinn to e tte said judgment, where tO i.et paynt;eit of duty, amounted to 6,638,648 gallons, imprisonment v iz . , a 49,257 ga ;:: , ns of Cape, 473,789 gallons of French , me s h a ll have been adjudge d . The time of impr,son nt is to be recko ned to begin from the day when the defendants 2,887,501 gallons of Portuguese, 2,478,360 gallons of Spanish, s hall be in actual c ustod y under such judgment ; and if the defend 111,577 gallons of 211a.,` , ira , 53.865 gallons of Rhenish. an t s shall have b een dischar g ed from im p risonm ent , such d e. 1 6,4 : 1 gal;en , s of Fayal, and 463,527 20,650 galiois of Canary, 'Llie quantities remaining fendants shall be liable to be imprisoned for such further period a s, with the time during which they may already have been ins. gallons of Siciliai;, &c., wines. anuary last amounted prisoncd under such execution, shall be equal to the period from in warehouse under bond on the sth of .:, to 10,367,781 gallons, viz. 6,186,256 gall"•l' which such defendants were so adjudged to be imprisoned. The ' , e seen that 1,181,525 gallons at other places. It will I. , writ of error may be quashed in the case of delay or neglect to e of Oporto in London, the princii•al wines consumed in this country are tho- i7rene . ,, Trench, and prosecute it. The Act is not to extend to Scotland. and Xeres (port and sherry) ; Cape'par. whilst the WILD N UTMEGS.—An importation has recently Sicilian (Marsala) wines are pretty inuell. 1 on ~Tgnificant. The taken place of wild nutmegs, divested of the shell, in an mile consumption of Madeira is almost inere.... ' b . l i j B n .l 4 amounted to rican vessel from New York. The tariff contains two distinct quantities of foreign spirits imported it. home consumption rates of duty for the article, viz., " Nutmegs from foreign coun that the tries and British possessions respectively, Os. 6d. and 2s. 6d. per 5,766,787 gallons, the quantities retained for . t o 2,352,636 gallons ; 1b.," and " wild nutmegs in the shell," 3d. per lb. ; and as these to 3,267,878 gallons ; the quantities exporte,: ..., )9 gallons; the quantities shipped as stores to 384,t, , 359 924 were, although wild, and evidently inferior to those usually im. and the quantities delivered for t he use of the navy toC J an . ported, not, according to the Act of Parliament, actually in the gallons. The quantities rem ainin g in bond on the sth 6, . 47 shell, they were detained for the higher rate of duty. Application last amounted altogether to 5,383,4 . 67 gallons, viz., a o7g . -,-• -it. , was subsequently made to the Customs Board for their delivery at Amor t g h s e t re t hweer3e,12,69758,8,79888 p on ta s ee r s e i t n ain th ed e ! ti L-e lower rate, and permission has been given for the nutmegs in gallons in London, and 2,106,708 gallons at other gall rum, 104,324 gallons of East India rum, and ton, being of a very inferior description, although not actually domestic f U lonr n d i i United d . nK coloniali Kingdom . g consumption,do m. gallons of West ' qu"L• ' ell, as required by law, to be admitted as " wild nutmegs'. 1(15,185 gallons of West India, East India, and Mauritius rum, in the st. - . .. of 3d. per lb. Since the above privilege was al:owed, at the duty all vatted together, making a grand total of 2,198 592 gallons has made a similar application with respect to a of rum. There were also retained for home alon e, 1,023,073 another party . , of . . c ; c _ he sat.. •e sort article in bond, which being precisely gallons of brandy, 14,864 gallons of geneva, 6,077 gallons of other foreign and colonial spirits, and 25,272 gallons of Channel similar to those pre.. par ei f t , ously admitted at thelow duty, has also been conditions. This is of considerable im. granted on the 6311 ` e 'ed di ff erence in the rates of duty oath, Islands spirits. portinCO, flfl there is a. M ora _ article. FREEMASONRY IN fIINA, ) The initiatory ceremonies take pt at secret chamber, in which there is an ;104u:hick ptfll.77::' inga are pr6sented, and before which VOrtth SeOfS,",7:':);) *A is taken. The Chinese say there ar A -fah At; i.e. " thirty-six oaths." These are, we9r;-wrofibly so many diff,rent particulars, with irng*ntiolts those who shall disclose the nature Mksitactii of society. A small subscription is given to support the general expense. Kwo Kcaou, or, '` crossing the bridge." This bridge is formed of swords laid between two tables (au end resting on each), or else set up on the hilts, and meeting at the points. The peilsons who receive the oath, take it under this bridge, which is called " passing, or crossing the bridge." The yih ko, or chief ruling brother, sits at the head of this steel bridge (or each with a drawn sword), reads the articles of the oath, to every one of which an affirmative response is given by the new member, after which he cuts off the head of a cock, which is the usual form of a Chinese oath, inti mating " thus let perish all who divulge the secret." But it is said the grand ceremony can only be performed where there is a considerable number of members per sent. They worship heaven and earth on those occa sions, and sometimes, when the place is sufficiently secluded, perform the initiatory rites in the open air. SECRET SIGNS.—The members recognise each other by mystic numbers ; the chief of which is the number three, probably from their name, " The Triad Society ;'' and adopt odd rather than even numbers, when it can be done. They say three, three ten times ten, three hundred, three thousand, three myriads, rather than two, lour times ten, &c. The word Hung, before-mentioned, contains the num ber three hundred and twenty-one, and is often used by them for particular purposes. Certain motions of the fingers constitute a second class of signs; e. g. using three of the fingers in taking up any thing. If a member happens to be in company, and wishes to discovcv whether there be a brother present, he takes up his tea-rep or its cover (Chinese tea-cups have always as cover). with the thumb, the fore, and middle fingers, or with' tbefire, middle, and third fingers, and which, if perceived by ttn initiated person, is answered by a corresponding sign. :It does not, however, follow from this that every Chinese who uses three fingers, in taking up, or holding, his tea-cup, is a mem ber of the San ha hwuy, for many of them do it from mere habit. But there is a certain way of doing it by the initiated, which they themselves only know. Its lifting anything that requires both hands, they use three fingers of each hand. They also have recourse to odes and pieces of poetry, as secret marks. v eek. t 1131 oa gat the half