The Sun. — London, England, 1844-08-26 00:00:00

. ____,.,..,__,. _ _.......,, ...,,, -- ;" ) ---ie- C . -I P 4, . „: . ~- 7 ;) . ;,:, ..i. 7 li j ~. • • _ • . _.• ..._ t -- -.- -•-- - • , ~.. ~.. - .._ . , . _ 4,..-..r 4 . • ~4 4 L' . . . 7 - . ~, - T _____ ... . 0.:: ' r ..k - - -., .• - - • (3- ---•-- - - 111 .11, (4.7 A. 13. lie ... ,r3.. ‘,./ ....-.. LI ••••• r...- ' ' I FURTATER REDUCTIO.i OF FARES. , .1,1 i V ...t, 'I i. . ' • VA ,I / 4 ~..., 44, - : - - - -E -, 4 . s - --- . 4 ,.., ~..... , - 1 e - ‘l .. - --,"" - - ,_ -'2_ ( ' - _l:'._l' 46 . , ..,, \ ~... J..., s 4...., .-ryPENCE AND NINEPENCE, \ / z - I , ' '' 44Z g.Pi - v.- -47-; ,- , . . 7 - ...::„, 'A -, "ai •,, ,4. ~..:1‘...f..v included. ' - ..f I . ',,, ,.. : fi r : 7.-: ',.-...„;''-- . - ,,1i ------ ~,,, ''' . - 4 , `' --,- .,- - , ~,q ~,...,,,,,,re....,- • , , fro- , 4 7,,,,, -,.- ~..3 - -„, = _.,..-- -,.), ... e , ' 4,,, ~..1.,. • N.._, 4 ,.. ,1 „:,,,' , 0. ,.. ' 1 .1;7 ' .... fr s t4 .' 7.-V,-. C°/i. 54-"--4 ' '4° R '' 't• - • -, :.,, 4 ) __-, . , ,s , ^x.4.=st-t.,T,' '. : I .'•." i Z \ v " fr.:,. '''''' . - --• / -) -.! ...'-'. * '' - ----, ---- - 4* , .. , - 0 3'1 i-• 0.., V., i i . 3 . ,,,,,, - " : : ,, N#L7.... ~.:, .i.,4 , ,!:; . ,- • ...- ..-../ -.. , :: - .:yi-j ''',?n , /, , .. ~ , A nri 44'• ~.) 4 , - -, OLT% ' -----,,,', ~.. ,,r,, • ~~ i RA I VESEND STAR. PACX - E - TS FURTHER REDUCTIOeI OF FARES. SIXPENCE AND NINEYENCE, Boat and Blackwell Railway Included. Dallv a From the Brunswick Wharf, Blackwall, .ululays included) at Ten, Eleven Twelve, Three, Four, Slx, and Half-past S,,ven At Bev From the Terrace Fier, Gravesend, en , Half-past Nine, Half-past Twelve, Two,* Four, Six, Seven, wad Eight. • On Sundays at Five instead of Two. Farc—Tore Cabin and Seconi-class Carriage, Sixpence; Saloon and First-class Carriage, Ninepence. 13 * Office, Gravesend, July 10, 1844. No. 16,233. LONDON, MONDAY MORNING SU 7 N. AUGUST 26, 1844. PRICE sd. THE SUN is Publighed EVERY MORNING at ME o'cLocig , in Time for t h e EARLY TRAINS and TOWN DELIVERY; a SECOND EDITION (Evening Sun) 41 Published in Time for the AFTERNOON TRAINS and a THIRD EDITION at SEVEN O'CLOCK, for POS7, containin g PARLIAMENTARI and all other NEWS in LONDON up to that Hour, ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED in ALL THE THREE PAPERS, Morning Noon, and Night, threby insuring a TOWN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION, at ONE CHARGE, 18 44 1 ary Gf N ATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR. AIME SOCIETY, 26, CORNIIILL, LONDON. Capital £500,000. Empowered by Act of Parllattient. DIVISION OF PROFITS. The steady success and increasing prosperity of the Society has enabled the Directors, at the last annual investigation, to declare a second Bonus, averaging GO per cent. on the amounts invested on 'sack Policy effected cu the Profit scale. ROYAL COMMISSION OF FINE ARTS. The XXIIIBITION in WESTMINSTER HALL will CLOSE on SATURDAY, the 31st instant. Exhibitors are requested to send for their Works during the week following, viz., from the 2d to the ith of September. C. L. EASTLAKE, Secretary. roo t vir f° f thtlt ucr 5 ., 1 1 lrb ur Dv, 'o)' et sti 4 ;row, low rote pto' jet th' Is °f iis; ttet FIFTY POUNDS REWARD. ; I i hard su b s t ance o bt aine d by p ressu re from the ?PAT 3 ,- ru cle Cocoa-Nut Oil, is an essential ingredient In the PA and, as EDWARD PRICE and th ere, °ft' the Patents for this process, and grant no licenses under • in, t follovvs either, that' the imitation Composite Candles are inf.io'Yndifrerent' from the Patent ones, or, that the Imitators are tha ou ' i g the Patents : the first is generally the case, but I T protect ß kid c;.°es here)nst the possibility of the other, EDW A" 1 to any ttork, y engages to pay a reward of . Fifty poum s , ctin . Aati ti ; l4, ? or other person, who may give such information rest e ^ The hin t ~,,Preesing Cocoa-Nut Oil, as shall lead to their conviction. hik e _-` the informant will he kept strictly secret, and he need not • rtloi'; Prominent part in the proceedings, as all that E. P. and Co. Will th e is the first clue to the discovery of the infringers, which they ligh tt ir follow up for themselves. This advertisement is being pub- The ( r .. "erY newspaper of any circulation in th . e United . K . ingdom . • scow. andles are Cow so wellknown to the Public, that it is hardly b • w ag ark state here that they barn more brilliantly than the taking ilia mind give so large an amount of light, as to be cheaper, , ka lii;:im account, than the commonest Tallow Candice, They may • kil l 4 °l'm -lost of the respectable Tallow Chandlers throug . hout the P ffle in i:',,, but purchasers must insist on being supplied with aie el , .. PATENT CANDLES," otherwise they are liable to he a ' C o e . with some of the imitations, all called, like the real ones, I, kee P T ?? 4it.. Those parties, really in the trade, Who do not yet -ut e , Ae m for sale, are informed that they can purchase, of the Pa :, m a y, ;e* or of Palmer and Co Sutton-street, Clerkenwell, any quail kta ar ge or small, at the wholesale ' price ; and that allowances are 'IOW! 1 ,'„ 1 An increasing ratio, to parties taking to the amount of 501., liarti. 4l ., or 200/ , l atinie; .and a very large allowance indeed to bale 7' , t )(biz., large a quantity as to enable them to become whole- Ae l tits for an entire district. -,-,...._°Lit, 'Vauxhall, 24th July, 1544. THE,„ N ON-IMPRISONAIENT FOR DEBT. • . ,„. he passing of such a remarkable Rill . . ;suss furnished a subr - ct for many a quill W hich regard such an Act as a national boon, ' ' v hich is certain to bring about good, very soon; lnd others are quite disappointed to learn, iat :the statute for debtors has taken this turn. r ith regard to ourselves, we shall never . egret, v e t" - , to tell you the truth, we are deeply in debt ; ' , lA,It Yes, an amount most enormous we owe 1n but for thi4 Art, we to prison must go. I,,Eiet, we can scarcely tell what would be done f i , l th mighty insolvents like MOSES and SON. ...„rue,etiree:der, no doubt, will be struck when he hears t"at MOSES and S'N are so much in arrears. us explain. The amount that we owe '",..r,4 nothing to do with our capital no. .isr is " gratithde's debt" which we thus have contracted, t 4 " r ough the liberal anner the public have acted. vast . debt of tha',ks" is the . debt" that we owe, °rf avours which millions of patrons bestow. And this is a . debt" which we never can pay— And mark ! We will do all we can to defy. if this is effected, what more can be done, 1, ' 7 honest insolvents like MOSES acid SON ? lik ''' the cc , . etti on ,,, tivenience of parties residing from town, on application, lth -" 4 ,e lf-measurement will be forwarded post free. A. , ..%tin. ~ READY MADE. X S. d. ~,!1vat.4,,-.?ats in every variety from 0 1(1 0 i)reacl r. d itto seven pockets io tt% i„0 11 onts ... . 0 S 6 Zahr ohe ".. with silk . Fa . ci . n .. gs ” , collars, and cuffs 0„ ihnn i ,"„ t e Coats in every shape, handsomely trimmed 4 1 3 10 0 eirner-,-;stock of Blouses b e t •.... ................................. .. .. , ......................... to 8 6 bi t - ,.. sati n , . Persian ditto, in every variety Ito, 0 ,.,„ esti :itotlietto.'"Zedritto A ll tnitiodud........ ..................................................... 0 0 1 9 1 0 n tr i t.Z 4 t vail t ",„,. 0 7 0 artoek ditto; t l Y sd Vlramer ditto 1 0 0 ` ,O . Ma u l . 1 4 0 P'6l,,:eitneen'ditt .... ..... •••• ....... . • ••• ..... i 1 . , Clat, • MADE TO MEASURE. 11- 1 t he most approved style c a q•ci cam . o,clitto, seven pockets w „ tee _ . trimmed with silk Ol6 II '441) 114 r ' fi ne Saxony 1 3 0 ex ot os , rette s N ew riiltiti , trimmed with improved article, warranted water sah I Ye ats -, silk, collar, cuffs, &c 1 18 0 rner e , e . : ~, each, or three for gii,seirs „,,f , !. in choice patterns )t ast ed' V i j_%tect for the season ... . t4iir._ and plain doe -...7t 1.),.... ............ , ..... ... ..... lafliN e„,:ali, .................................. •...... .. .... 1 6 0 "0, di tto r_ .... ..• ..................... ... ...................... .. t b 'k c oat * .... Manufactured . . .) 15 0 eat 1na,t0t,.L..~ 'l4aralite h 0 any 3 30 lig , any extent can be had at five minutes' notice, at the ff e "S Ise ~Uits. dre following prices sotto -. ," coat, vest, and trousers from 1 16 0 Isipo *Psexet vest d st o „itlaia t * ,an trousers from 018 0 s.p. e .iin ged — knY article purchased or ordere,:, if not approved )4,,,,ers e ____* 0 ! the money returned. li ipa u;l: 7, 4o .. l) :a f ;.. : 4 l o ga S t E: ciatoy ,i , So,, falters, wholesale arid Retail . 7 11 . abd.arlrli. Outfitters, and General Wareh ousemen, 154, Ml opposite , he Church ,z;,ilse:o6"een rsert;;sertlin7t tali o , trrin,-:.. noses' and Son are obliged to guard 0 public having learned that the untradesman Ii ke connected with them, or it's the same cescern, and ik h ave n o ..,_ M . many instances, and for obvious reasons. illa ap "use . 44 , 'fonexion whatever witn any ather establAiment, a . lio,n tra __ _ ueeire genuin- Cheap Clothing should cto pieyynt C ill te t heT ' ; am I call or send to. 155. Minories. or at,. Aldeate, t ell. ' N e bina urch • ..,-r tiii nets transacted at this Establishment from sunset on - "Klr, t at o set an saturday. when businees is resumed till twelve C " I ntro Wanted, No premium required. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. EXCURSION from LONDON to BATH, BRISTOL, . T AUNTON, and EXETER, and back, on MONDAY, September 2, 1 844, and following days. The Director, of the GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY have determined to afford to persons desirous of visiting BATH, BRISTOL, TAUNTON, or EXETER, an opportunity of so d oing, by means of the following "EXCURSION TRAINS," at Reduced Fares:-- „ S pecial Trains will leave London for Bath and Bristol on Mon-. naY, 2d September, at 7 o'clock, a.m., and on Friday, 6th Septem ber, at 3 o'clock, P.m. Returning from Bristol and Bath to London either on Wed n_e•day. the 4th Sept em b er, a t h a lf pas t 7 o ' c lock, .t.m., or on o aturday, the 7th September, at 4 o'clock, P. M. Special Trains will leave Bath, for Taunton and Exeter, calling at Bristol, and starting thence half an hour later on Tuesday, 3d September, at $ o'clock, A.m., and on Satuiday, 7th September, at . o'clock, P.M. Returning from Exeter to Bristol and Bath either on Tuesday, 3d September, at 4 o'clock, P. m., or on Friday, GUI September, at half-past 7 o'clock, A.m. The Reduced Fares will be, for these Excursion Trains, Ist Class. 2d Class London to Bath and Back Bath to Lond on and 8ack..... 1 28s. 19s. London to Bristol and Back • isto • 2 r Bl to London and Back .. ...... Bristol to Exeter and Back Exeter t o B r i stol and Back 189. 1 le. •• Bath to Exeter and Back , Exeter to Bath and Back The Tickets will enable Passengers to travel by any of the Ex. . cursion Trains, Up or Down. • BY this m eans, part i es may trave l ' f rom L on d on t o E xe t e r or Taunton, y, to by taking the 7 A.M. Train from London, on the Mon. da Bristol'; proceeding thence to Exeter or Taunton, on Tues. daY Morning. . They can remain at these place, until Friday morning, when . t hey will retur n t o Bristol, and reach London by the Saturday Evening Train, from Bristol. Further particulars may be obtained by application at the Pad . din gtno, Exeter, Taunton, Bath, or Bristol Stations, where Tickets ... are to be obtained ; and for any number exceeding twenty, taken ' • by one individual, an allowance of Is. per Ticket will be made. „, :t:lr- - TWENTY POUNDS REWARD. - AB SCONDED, on Saturday night last, taking with him about Two Mildred Pounds, in Notes, Gold, and Silver, GEORGE SCOTT, dark curly hair, sharp aged about t wenty-three years, rather sallow complexion, grey eyes, Pram features, of somewhat muscular and propor tionate' titnecvletes pro minent mouth ! . e ' high cheek-bones projecting under forehead, and pro , has a slight mark on the chin, and is about five feet office, El: er in height ; usually wears dark clothes. will give information to Mr. Wood, "Weekly Dispatch” ' Geoi ga et-street, that may lead to the apprehension of the' said wed Scott, shall receive the above reward. . ___Y, Attgust 14, 1844. GOLDEN / . s ' LION COMMERCIAL HOTEL AND POSTING-HOUSE, To B BOTTOM OF BRIGGATE, LEEDS. z ~, LET, all that old-established and well tethed -,•,•(itlented HOTEL, with the stables, yard, and tap-room at- Ing I,,s;.‘yesreto, in the present occupation of Mrs. Lee, who is declin tliwn„ e• The house contains large and spacious commercial, panti.l:.ancl sltting-rooms ; lofty bed-rooms, kitchen, and waiters' of h or J , ePacious vard, lock-up coach-houses, stabling for any number er,,,, 4 . 11 : and a tap -room adjoining the house, and is replete with luer it .. O "ter convenience calculated for carrying on an extensive and ( 1, sir "ve trad . --e, and altogether presents a nue opening to any person o n b "e of entering the business, it having been successfully carried sit u ,L t ho Present occupier and family for a number of years, being ted near the Railway Station. Coaches and omnibuses leave the at ' 3 ' every h our. The furniture and fixtures will have to be taken • I ° r:Palar4t itar s, inquire on the premises, or at C. J. Oliver and Son's, isers, Talbot-yard, Briggate, Leeds. • NOTTINGHAMSHIRE, T o BE SOLD, PURSUANT to a DECREE of int; ,. the HIGH COURT of CHANCERY, made in a Cause of . 0 14 v . SANDERS, with the approbation of Sir GIFFIN WILSON, 4t e Masters of the Court, at the George the Fourth Hotel, Three o'Clock i n on -SATUR Hie AfteDAY, the 14th day of September, 1844, at rnoon, in Lots, th e t REEIIOLD ESTATE, consisting of a piece of Land, situate in Ro binson,Parish of St. M ary, N ott i ngham, late i n t h e occupat i on o f D an i e l and two Messtiv , es and Gardens thereto, situate Basford the r!,, • _ and a --unty of Nottingham, ' in the occupation of Thomas Walker "her. and also a piece of land at Basford, in the occupation of C arey. bZinted particulars may be had (gratis) at the said Master's Chain • . Johnson in S outhatripton-buildings, Chancery-lane, London ;of Messrs. erSon, and Weatherall, King's Bench-walk, Temple, Solicitors ; and• ri dde3V,Paper-buildings, Temple, Solicitor ; of Messrs. Cann Sanders Nottingham, Solicitors ; and of Mr. Snowball, Liver- Solicitor; and at the place of Sale. JOHNSON SON , and WEATHERALL, Inner Temple. 240111'0RD, near STAINES. Fifteen Mlles from Hyde-park. PERIOR FARM, MANSION, and GROUNDS, TITHE . 4 FREE, and LAND-TAX REDEEMED. ,SSRS. ADAM HURRAY and SONS beg co ‘, t• announce that they are directed to SELLby PRIVATE - PIR ACT, d i tt ; Ve rY eligible FREEHOLD ESTATE, in a dry and healthy stii ation, __, auo genteel neighbourhood, about three miles iroru , 11 ... r e5• and seven miles from Windsor, comprising a neat, gentle )), "I 7 Mansion, with attached and detached domestic offices, boetre-grounds, paddock, walled gaden hot-house, green. ev er - nsh-Pond, double coach-house, and six.stalled stable, and hc,),:_ennvenience far the comfortable residence of a family. The ~_ c contains a drawing-room and a dining-room, of good dime'''. -ions, librar • to d " Y. nine spacious and cheerful bed-rooms, housekeeper's Ai .0 entrance-hall, butler's pantry, large kitchen, and cellaring. March an excellent FARM; let on lease, which expires 25th thenerrowi i a s b e l v e er a a g i r ie and next, containing 228 Acres of productive arable, meadow, pasture Otheis la nd, with a convenient farm-house, barns, stables, and nii r s farther ultural buildings and labourers' cottages, loge. Copyhold Cottages and Gardens. Particulars apply to Messrs. Adam Murray and 4 7 wh Urve . Ycn's and Land-agents, 47, Parliament.street, London, 4.......... 2rn cards to view the estate may be obtained. 81R W. BURNETT'S PATENT. tn The cheapest and best process for the Preservati on o f Ti m b er , -avr as, Cordage, Cotton, Woollen &c. i . enses granted to Noblemen and Gentlemen to use the Prepara ti o n . and to others for the purposes of Trade, en advantageoes, • - ' tenths. oilYdranic Apparatus and Tanks, for the expeditions preparation of a above l ateri m als, at the principal station Millwall, Poplar, nearly • • 13site Greenwich. fintiurnerous Specimens and Testimonials may be seen, and every ° in n - . •d o , 'on obtained at the Office, No. 53, King William-street, L l-brid,‘,. ILEA and PERRINS' WORCESTERSHIRE SAUCE. Prepared from the recipe of a Nobleman in the comity. WoreGrea m , ernste Steam-ship, June 6, 1844.—The cabin of the , e ;i e e r B s _ ha , s been regularly supplied with ' Lea . and Perrnis from turtle Sauce,' which is adapted for every variety of dish,. to beef—from salmon to steaks—to all of which it gives I have great pleasure in recommending this excel tAe best e k e° Captains and passengers for its capital flavour, and as —° n , Paniment of its kind for a voyage. S°l,l NVII „ (Signed) " JAMES lIOSKEN." c e i e ,, ste ,r ; 14 0 ° !' s ale by the proprietors, Messrs. Lea and Perrins, Wor i;'4' oil ~,- ., s rs • Barclay' and Sons, Farringdon-street ; and the prin -844"21,1 Italian warehousemen In London ; and retail by the of sauces. THE never-failing effects of BLAIR'S GOUT and RHEUMATIC PILLS in curing every description of Gout and Rheumatism, have secured to them a celebrity unequalled by any Medicine of past or present times.giThey not only give relief in a few hours, where the patient has been driven nearly to madness by the excruciating tortures of tars disease, but restore to perfect health in an inconceivably s'ort space of ime. They are equally speedy and certain in rheumatism, either chronic or acute, lumb , go, sciat ca, pains in the heat or face, and indeed for every rheumatic or gouty affection ; in fact, such has teen the rapidity, perfect ease, and complete safety of th,s medicine that it has astonished all who have taken it, and there is scarcely a city, town, r •illage in the kingdom, but contain many grateful evidences of its benign influen e. The toll swing case selected from amon, those with which the pro prietor has been favoured, k submitted to the public :•—• TO AM. PROVT, 229, STRAND. Hurst, Sussex, Nov. 6, 1P43. S.r,—l have the pleasure to inform you that a erson holding an otchl situation, noticing in one of my bills that I was agent for Blair's Gout and Rheumatic Pills, was induced to try them; he sent to. a bon, and had 0, ly taken them one day hefo e he found wonder ful relief. The second day he was able walk without his crutches, and on the fourth day was completely cured and able to perform his ord 'nary occupation. Previous to this he was generally laid up every year for several weeks, after leeches and fomcntstions had been applied, and medi cine, taken to no purpose. I have ob'ained the above statement from a psrsonal terview, and have sent this for publication if you think it worthy, and shall be mo t happy at any time to satsify any party desirous of ascertaining is authenticity.— I am, Sir, your obedient servant, THOMAS WYBOR I, Chemkt. Sold by Thomas Prout, 2`20, Strand, London, and by his appoint ment by all respectable medicine vendors throughout the United Kingdom. Price s. per box. Ask for Blair's Gout and Rheumatic Pills, and observe the name and address of t. Thomas Prout, 729, Strand, Lontion," impressed upon the Clevernment Stamp a ffi xe d t o eac h b ox o f th e gen uine Medicine. BURGESS' ESSENCE of ANCHOVIES, Warehouse, 107, STRAND, corner of the Savoy-steps, London. JOHN BURGESS and SON, being apprised of the numerous en deavours made by many persons to impose a spurious article for their make, feel it incumbent on them to request the attention of the public, in purchasing what they conceive to be the original to ob serve the Name and Address correspond with the above. The gene ral appearance of the spurious descriptions will deceive the un guarded ; and, for their detection, J. B. and Son, submit the following cautions:—Some are in appearance'at first sight, '• the genuine," but without name or address ; some " Burgess's Essence of Anchovies," and others " Burgiss's ;" and many more without address. John Burgess and Son, having been many years honoured with such dis tiuguished approbation, feel every sentiment of respect towards the public, and earnestly'solieit them to inspect the labels previous to purchasing what they conceive to be of their make, which they hope will prevent many disappointments. BURGESS' NEW SAUCE, fir general purposes, having given such great satisfaction, continues to bo prepared by them, and is recom mended as a most useful and convenient sauce ; will keep good in all climates. Warehouse, 107, STRAND, corner of the Savoy-steps, London. - • The Original Fish-sauce Warehouse. SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNAL. FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF THIS DAY. GLOBE.—The tardiness with which the inquiry into the Landlord and Tenant system in Ireland pro ceeds, and the improbability of any considerable prac tical advantage to the population from the labours of the Commission, have been often made the subject of complaint and prediction. We do not expect any , new disclosures by the publication of the report, ap pear when it may. It is not information as to the state of Ireland, and the causes of the depressed and disorganised condition of the people, that is required ; but an honest purpose to remove their grievances ; with which all who are not wholly ignorant of the social condition of Ireland, are acquainted and must deplore. The, appointment of the Commission to inquire into the nature and practical operation of the relations which exist between the landlords and tenants in Ire land, was a mere pretext, resorted to by Sir Robert Peel for the purpose of evading the demand for a practical remedy for well-known grievances. It was a weak apology for doing nothing. The source of most of the monster miseries of that wretched country, and the provocatives of its peasantry to those terrible instances of what has been described as " the wild justice of revenge "—by which it is degraded and disgraced— will continue to operate. The report of this Conimii.;* sion—fraught with facts which have been elicited by former Commissions and Committees, and published in their reports—will be laid upon the tables of Parlia-. ment, and ordered to be printed, with all the pomp and circumstance of some new revelation. Thus the farce of inquiry will close. While, however, the Commissioners are carrying on the inquiry at the several places they visit, with closed doors, and all the other means of keeping the information they receive sacred from the prying curiosity of the public, some of the particulars they collect escape, by some means or other, and thus prematurely obtain publication. The following facts, published in the Irish journals, as having been given in evidence before the Commission, though not new, sufficiently illustrat e the condition of the peasantry, and account for the recklessness they occasionally display ." In consolidation of farms agrarian outrages have chiefly originated. This has diminished labour and caused great distress and misery, driving many of the evicted tenants to desperation. FAnNING POPULATION.—Large farmers with grass lands are in some cases is a comfortable condition. With tillage lands the contrary is generally the case. Small farmers are commonly struggling for a liveli hood ; and labourers are in the most wretched state. Wages, where employment cart be had, seldom ex ceed sixpence per day, without food. Witness knows many families who can get no more than one meal of potatoes and salt a day. The Government loan fund is of great service to labourers. . The rent on small farms is generally higher than on the larger ones—the rent of small farms is generally paid in cash, and witness believes more punctually than that of large farms. The children of tenants. on the death of their parents, are left to the care of friends, who, in general, perform the duties of guardians, if the farms are left to them. Labourers in the country usually hold cabins with little or no land from far. mers, but they usually reside near or in towns, where their condition is -miserable in the extreme. In the country, the rent, is paid by distress, or civil bill at Quarter Sessions. .The con-acre system, which prevails in some parts, is of infinite service ; but for this they would be unable to obtain provisions. Con-acre is usually set at 101. per acre, and taken from farmers. In many cases employment cannot be obtained,at any rate of wages. The wages usually given are Bd. per day in summer, and 6d. in winter. Witness has known la- bourers to go seven or eight miles at four o'clock in the, morning, and offer to work the day for Gd. Agrarian outrage in almost every case has arisen from the eyie tion of tenantry." " Lord DEVON—Do the Catholic clergy assist, by ad vice, to put down agrarian outrage? " Answer—Yes, always; and but for the advice of the Catholic clergy, the dread of future punishment, and the hope of future reward, I am confident assassinations would be more frequent. " Lord DEVON —How did these outrages originate? " Answer—Before the passing of the Emancipation Act, gentlemen gave leases to a numerous tenantry for the purpose of snaking them 40s. freeholders, and had frequent intercourse with these tenants for different purposes; but since the passing of that Bill the landlords have consolidated their farms, and driven the smaller farmers to seek employment as labourers when no em ployment could be obtained. If the landed proprietors had more intercourse with their tenants, and corrected such grievances as lay in their power, I feel confident that the tenants would do all they could to cultivate their friendship. But the rents are chiefly paid through agents, who, having no interest in the welfare of the tenantry, do not care, with some honourable exceptions, what becomes of the tenant, so that 'the rent is paid. ;Cow, as the rents are frequently demanded at a time when the tenant is not able to pay it, from not having sold his crops, an eviction takes place, and the tenant is driven nut on. the world. From the number of these evictions, the -tenants look on the landlord with suspicion ; the laridlord„, on the contrary, equally fears and suspects the tenant • .and thus originate the agrarian outrages. Some landlords and agents ask their rents in a harsh and intemperate manner ; thmS . appears to the tenant as if the landlord or agent owed him some ill-will, and he is, therefore, afraid that they will evict him. Tenants will make great sacrifices to serve a , landlord or agent who deals with them in a kind and courteous manner. I know of some landlords and agents who are more kind and generous to tenants of a desperate character than to their more industrious and peaceable tenants." \\That security can exist for the preservation of social order, or for the respect in which life and pro perty should be held by the community, to render both secure, in a country where masses of the popu lation are thus made to feel that " that the world is not their friend, nor the world's law ?" One advan tage will result from the inquiry, though not pre cisely that which Sir Robert Peel contemplated when he issued the Commission. The wretched condition of the small farmers and labourers will be again exhibited—a condition more deplorable than is to be met with in any other portion of civilised Europe. The cause of that deeply-seated and widely spread moral and social wretchedness will also be partially, if not fully, developed. Though not within the range of legislative interference, nor to be cured by the interposition of Government, the exposure will not be altogether futile. Publicity will be secured; and public opinion will be brought to bear upon the landed proprietors ; to whom, as a class, the calamitous circumstances of the tenantry and labourers must be attributed. Neglect of the duties of property, with a rigorous exaction of their rights—and in many cases extortion of more than their legal claims—constitute the source of Ireland's monster grievance. STANDARD.—The paper pellets which have been fired from the masked battery of a Contempo rary at Lord Brougham's Act for abolishing impri sonment for debt for all sums not exceeding twenty pounds, afford ample evidence, if further evidence were wanting, of the absolute necessity that existed for such a measure; the virulence and unchristian vindic tiveness displayed by these writers clearly evincing what degree of forbearance might be expected by the most honourably disposed debtors at their hands. For the obstruction it has met with in other quarters it would be more difficult to account, if-one of its ob jects had not been to protect the unfortunate insolvent from the rapacity of a class of persons who are often the chief cause of his inability to meet his engage ments; and vvliose rapacity is frequently the only ob . stacle to his release from prison, when the obduracy of his creditor has been finally overcome. ln-the teeth of the opinion of Lord Brougham, that the:attestation of the affidavit of the insolvent need not cost him more than half-a-crown, the Commissioners of the Bank ruptcy Court, al lough not entirely agreed as to the extent in . which th e un h appy debtor shall be mulcted, are sufficiently of accord as to the im possibility of his dispensing with the services of an " attorney-at-law ;" and whilst some of these func tionaries are content that the amount of which he is to he thus denuded shall be 9 1., others have decided that it ought to be 31. It was naturally enough to be expected that a measure calculated to discourage the rapacity of the lower class of attorneys, and diminish the necessity for the interference, as often as heretofore, of even the more respectable part of the profession, would meet with every possi ble opposition from those whose profits it is cal culated to abridge. llitherto, in a large majority , of the instances in which a debtor has been incarce rated for less than 201., the law costs have formed the larger . portion of their respective debts. Lord Broughatti's Bill diminishes the temptation of either the creditor or his lawyer to heap cruel and fruitless expense upon the debtor, since he can no longer hold over him in terrorenz the prospect of imprisonment on his account, whilst it affords the creditor ampler and more accessible means of punishing any fraudulent or dishonest conduct on the part of the debtor. Lord Brougham assures us that no " attorney-at-law" is required to assist an insolvent in his application to the Bank ruptcy Court, and that the Commissioners have no power whatever to require such a person to witness each sheet of the petition and schedule, in the face of the schedule to the Act, which requires the signature "but once, and the attestation, not of an attorney-at law, but merely of an attorney or agent." The Com missioners refer, it seems, to the statutes of the .5 and 6 Victoria, c. 116, and the 7 and 8 Victoria, as their authority for altogether resisting his Lord ship's suggestion, and quote the clause that " each sheet of such petition and schedule shall be signed by the petitioner, in the presence of and att es t e d b y hi s attorney." AVe do not understand in what manner this provision can be said to controvert his Lordship's opinion. lie seems, indeed, to have been perfectly aware of its existence, and the language in which it is couched is precisely that on which his suggestion appears to have been founded. Perhaps his Lordship's re marks on the irregular attendance of Commis sioners, coupled with a fellow feeling for the pro fession of the law, and an impatience of the cur tailment of its profits, may have had some influ ence in the matter. For the present, however, we must confess that we prefer Lord Brougham's definition of the relative, meaning of the words "at torney" and " attorney-at-law," to that of the Commissioners', and we cannot but continue to regard it , as 'one of the most important features of his Bill that the debtor may obtain his li berty without being subjected to the extortions of the lower classes of attorneys-at-law. Such a proposal could not fail to excite a strong opposition on, the part of, a - large and singularly active body of persons. Their objections are, however, entitled to even less Credit than those of the traders and shop . - keepers who have lately expectorated, through the columns of the Times, so much bile upon the subject. , NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. PORTSMOUTH.—The Queen, 110, Captain Martin, is progressing very rapidly with her equipment, and will go out of the harbour to Spithead on the first of next month. She has got her top-gallant masts pointed and all her running gear rove, and most of her stores on board. The Collingwood, 80, Captain Smart, still remains at her anchorage at Spithead. Rear-Admiral Sir George Seymour is at Portsmouth, and has his flag flying on board of her. The delay in sending this vessel to sea has given rise to numerous speculative reports, and among others that it is in contemplation to change her destination from the Pacific to the Mediterranean. The fact is, she is only waiting the ter►nination of the !logo tiation between the British and French Governments re specting the Otaheite affair, it being deemed advisable that the Gallant Admiral should leave the country with something like definitive instructions as to the course he is to pursue when he assumes the command in the Pacific. The CollingwoOd is in most excellent order, and does credit to the service. The Victoria and Albert, royal steam yacht, Captain Lord Adolphus Fitzelarence, has not returned from her cruise, but is expected this afternoon. She left on Tues day afternoon, and proceeded to the westward, and has been kept at - SO, during the week, in order fully to test her new tubular boilers, and to ascertain the advantages of her various internal improvements since last season, especially if the unpleasant effluvia arising from the bilge water has been done away 'with by the remedies that have been applied for its suppression. The is to be got. ready i mme d iately for the use of her aclit Majesty, who it is underst oo d w i ll embark the secon d week in September, The experiment a l b r i gs are not yet commiss i one d , an d the delay has cau se d considerable surprise in the naut i ca l world, for they have been all ready, with top-gallant masts on end,' for some time. It has been alleged that the reason why they have not been commissioned is because the Lords of the Admiralty have it in contem plation to commission some largervessels, and that the hands will be required for them. We do not know how true this may be, but it is very evident that the cause of delay in commissioning these brigs is only of recent date, and therefore it is not unreasonable to suppose that the Admiralty may be waiting the turn of events before they man these vessels. Every necessary preparation is being made at the various dockyards to meet any sudden emergency. A number of able seamen are being entered at each yard as riggers. This is a very excellent precaution on the part of the Admiralty, for should the exigencies of the service require a; number of line-of-battle ships to be brought forward at a short notice, these are the men whose services will most be wanted. The rigging of the advance ships is all ready to throw over their masts, and by the aid of these men the vessels can be fully rigged and all ataunt while the regular hands are entering. It is rumoured th at the Government has acceded to Captain Warner's proposition, and will moor a line-of battle ship off the Goodwin Sands for him to destroy, as he alleges he will do, with his projectile, at a distance of five miles. One of the old hulks in the Medway, that are unfit for further servic e , will be selected fbr the ex periment. She will b e jury rigged and towed out by a steamer to the appointed place. In order to remove the slightest shadow of doubt respecting all being fair and above board in the forthcoming experiment, Captain Warner has undertaken to conduct it in the presence of four distinguished officers whom he has selected and who neces sarily, by bei ng on board the same vessel with him self, will have an opportunity of witnessing and bearing testimony to the efficacy or the failure of the plan. On the other hand, the Government will take care that Captain Warner shall have no communication with the vessel that is to be destroyed previously to the ex periment. I tis that the be o p ened on the 25th instant.— Tilan dthe Medway Canal Railway Railway Record. Died, on the 23d inst., at s c a o id n ' l t p h a Company Blackh ea th Park, much respected, James Kemp, Esq., aged fifty -seven. FETE GIVEN ET THE OFFICER S OF THE SECOND LIFE GUARDS.—Notwithstanding the very advanced period of the season, upwards of 100 of the leading fashionables of the beau monde honoured the officers of this distinguished corps with their company, on Thurs day, 22d, at the Castle Inn, Richmond. The company began to arrive at half-past five, and were received by Colonel M'Douall and the officers, on the lawn of the hotel, where the splendid band was stationed. At six o'clock dinner being announced, the whole party sat down to a magnificent banquet , in the larg e di n i ng - room of the hotel. At ten o clock dancing commenced, and was kept up with great spirit till near t wo o ' clock in the morning, when the party separated, highly gratified with the evening's entertainment. BRANDLING JUNCTION R AILWAY,_ —The arrange ment, which last week we ment i oned as likely to be effected the Brandling for the purchase of Junction Railway by Mr. Hudson, on behalf of the New cast l e and Darlington Railway Company, is, it seems, n ear l y arranged, and a '' meetin , r of the Brand ling Company is to b e held on Mon day, to take the subject into consideration. It is stated that the 501. shares are we to be tak en at 5/. premium ; if so, presume the Brandling propr ie t ors will at once ac cept the terms.—Railwav Record. IMMENSITY OF THE WoRLD.-1-lerschel estimates the star "Lyra" to be more than 54,000 ti mes l arger than the sun, which fill s a c ubical space equal to 681,471.000,000,000,000 miles; 100,000,000 of such stars lie within range of the telescope, and between every two there is an interval of more than 20 . 0,000,000 ,000 m il es of space. Who can think of what lies bey on d t h e tele scopic view ? In such a t hou g h t , is not the mind lost in sublimity and grandeur ? LUCIFER MATCIIES.—The Courrier d e L yon s t a t es that on Thursday last, a man, living at Franconvill e , re tuened to his home at night so much intoxicated that he could not find his way to his bed, and laid himself on the top of a table, where he probably Nvould have slept through the night, had he not, in turning from one side to the other, crushed a bundle of chemical matches which he had in his pocket, and set themalight. Hi s c l o th es caught fire, and although immediately awakened and sobered by the flames, he was so much burnt before as sistance arrived that ho expired next day, STATE of the INSOLVENCY LAWS. (FROM A CORRESPONDENT.) " It is very possible for a man to act dishonestly every day, and yet never to defraud another of a shilling ; a `merchant who conducts his business partly or wholly with borrowed capital, is not honest if he endangers the loss of an amount of property, which, if lost, would dis able him from paying his debts ; he who possesses a thou sand pounds of his own, and borrows a thousand of some one else, cannot virtuously speculate so extensively as that, if his prospects should be disappointed, he would lose one thousand two hundred pounds. The speculation is dishonest, whether it succeeds or not: it is risking other men's property without their consent; under similar cir. cumstances, it is unjust not to insure. Perhaps the ma jority of uninsured traders, if their houses and goods were burned, would be unable to pay their creditors; the injustice consists, not in the. actual loss which may be inflicted, for whether a fire happens or not, the in justice is the same, but in endangering the infliction of the • loss. There are but two ways in which, under such circumstances, the claims of rectitude can be satisfied; one is by not endangering the property, the other, by telling its actual owner that it will be endangered, and leaving him to incur the risk or not, as he pleases; those who hold the property of others, are not warranted, on the principles of justice, in neglecting to inform them selves, from time to time, of the real situation of their affairs."—Dyniond's Essays on the Principles of Morality. It will only be when intelligence and ability to reason and judge are qualities possessed in a greater degree by the commercial classes, that the com mercial code of this country will be based on sound philosophical principles, and the public mind disabused of the prevailing fallacies. Ihe bankruptcy laws somewhat, and the insolvency laws altogether, by the late Act, are ruinous and demoralising in their prac tice ; based as they have been on false assumptions, they appear to have no other consistent or rational object in view, but, through the calamity of a parcel of creditors, to take occasion, under pretence of seiz ing the debtor's wr ec k f property, to put the whole, or nearly so, into the pockets of lawyers. Our bankruptcy courts, whose function it is to collect the miserable remnants of a shipwrecked for tune, charge some hundreds for the service, and then distribute the few remaining farthings among the claimants—the oyster is devoted by the lawyers, the shell, with what few filaments of flesh may adhere to it, fairly enough divided among the litigants. These courts have encouraged and protected the offence of insolvency, but they should have had the same object in view as other courts of law—viz., the prevention of the evil concerning which they had jurisdiction, by inflicting salutary punishments. In the early times, when feudal lords ruled the land with iron sway, there were not many creditors but themselves, and almost the only debtors were their own stewards and bailiffs. The practice on those who did not pay their debts was then sharp enough (there was no false humanity then abroad), although it might be a little contrary to the principles of the Constitution to throw a steward whose accounts were in disorder into prison, without judge or jury, and there to let him die. Successive regulations were made to modify this practice. For a long series of years bankrupts were liable to be hanged. In accordance with the severe spirit of the times those wrong-doers were treated with a wild and thoughtless severity, to meliorate which has been the object of successive Acts of Parliament, until the law, as now left, is di vested of its penal character almost entirely. ; Lord Brougham has regarded the insolvent as an unfortunate man, whom it is desir able to rescue from the persecutions of his creditors. Availing himself abundantly of this kind of sophistry, plausible but false—" That except on rarest occasions the effects and not the person of the debtor were needed ; greater power over the property (of course only when it could be got at) being given to the creditor, his position was apparently improved, and thus has he been wheedled into the surrender, now complete, of all power over the debt or ' s person ; and so well has this feint succeeded, that when the meshes of the most complex and extended trading relations permeate the whole of British society, and when, after a long depression of trade and manu facturing calamity, affords all sorts of people who are in money-trouble a plausible pretence to break their faith, and crowd themselves among Ole few really unfortunate insolvents—at such a time has the Legislature removed nearly all the penal sanctions, and left the creditor class, usually the virtuous class, by the fact of their having capital to lend, almost at the entire mercy of the debtor class, usually the non virtuous class, by the fact of their wanting to borrow. By virtuous is meant, of course, the practice of in dustry to produce wealth, and self-denial to abstain from entirely consuming it in sensual pleasures, or from the risking it in gambling (or in the deceptive language of commerce) adventures. This is the moral training of the middle classes. An attorney lately in a country town declared his inability to pay one farthing on his debts of 14,0001., contracted with all classes of the inhabitants, from the humble mechanic to the neighbouring gentleman of fortune. The law has protected his person, and his effects are all dissipated (or are made to appear so) in genteel living. Another Bromley in a small way. For him there is no punishment. The law deems him an unfortunate man. A London factor has a correspondent at Bury, from whom he had just• received and executed an order, when he received information that the man was meditating to sell off and leave the kingdOm. He sent a person instantly to Bury, found the man pre paring for a sale by auction, and in the act of un packing the parcel above referred to. lie was asked to pay—to give some account of his. proceedings—to return the parcel he was then opening, all of which he refused, saying that the fresh goods would help the sale. The creditor then applied to Judge Tindal for a Judge's order, on the plea that he believed the debtor was about leaving the kingdom. This the Judge refused, and long, long before the period ar rived when by writ of summons the debtor could be captured, he had sold off, not his own, but his creditor's property, pocketed the proceeds, and was on his way to America. The rogue escapes justice on the speed of steam ships ; the law comes limping after him at the speed of a spavined pack-horse, and stops at the sea-shore. There is a certain Baronet whose friends allow him 500/. a year, who owes various sums, aggregating a heavy amount—his person is protected, his effects are none, and his income cannot be touched. There is a man living at Kennington who owed a heavy doctor's bill, which he was liquidating by pay ing lOs. a week until the 9th current, when he snapped his fingers at his creditor, and said he should pay no more. In one short week, thousands of trea sure have been confiscated by the new Act. The late insolvency law affords a most striking ex ample of the injustice of class legislation. Governed by a landed aristocracy—directly in the Lords, and indirectly in the Commons—these laws h ave been adjusted to favour that class so wealthy and powerful. Except in the matter of tithe and rent, the recovery of which is assured by special laws, these men and their connexions are usually in the condition of debtors ; they of course desire that the condition of debtor—one who can't or won't pay his debts—should be as little invonvenient as possible. The law-lords are parvenus, ready to do anything for the patronis ing pat and smile of the ancient nobility; they have connived at this object; the mercantile men in the Commons, not of direct aristocratic connexions, have been quieted by an improved Bankruptcy Act. In fact and appearance being rich, and conducting only large operations, they have not known the relations of, nor have they had much sympathy with, the very numerous and comparatively little wealthy merchants, factors, traders, and the like, whose transactions in cludes still the larger share of the capital of the coun try, are affected solely by the insolvency laws, and the result has been a state of the law which surren ders all healthy control over debtors' persons, and by their persons an efficient control over their effects; the social marks .of dishonour have been obliterated, the foundations of commercial morality still more undermined, and a " a nation of shopkeepers" encou raged to become a nation of rogues, sharpers, and cheats. Chancellor Onenstein might well exclaim, " With how little understanding is this world go verned !" While mankind find it to their interest to be honest ; and while some are living under the sanc tions of a religion which teaches "to owe no man any thing ;" or while others have enjoyed a virtuous edu cation and habits, or the still greater happiness of a mind of primitive virtuous texture, let the laws be even more vice-encouraging than they are, there will be no reason to fear that our commercial confidence in one another will be dissolved, or that people in ge neral will not continue to be honourable, and keep their promises, however much they may be disheart ened by the success of rogues, or insulted by the pro tection given to the comparatively few whose flagi tious delinquencies are caused by their own idleness and extravagance. But the national capital will con tinue to be deteriorated by the evil perversion, or by the wasteful destruction, of many hundreds of thou sands of pounds annually ; and as long as these laws dishonour the statute-book, the nation will be less rich, and the citizens less virtuous, and the condition of the middle classes of society be rendered more and more precarious —the few rich becoming richer, and the many poor becoming poorer. It is probable, however, that evils as they now are will soon he felt unendurable, and the trading and mercantile people will rouse themselves all over the nation. An association, with corresponding members in all the provincial towns, should be forth with formed, and, by the collection of facts, and espe cially of statistical tables, establish the true principles of insolvent legislation, by which the wilful insolvent may undergo a due amount of punishment, and the really unfortunate insolvent be relieved from any punishment, to which none but a cruel and vindictive man would desire to impose upon him. SOUTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. The meeting of the South-Western Railway Proprie tors on Friday was very numerously attended. A very lengthy report was laid before the Proprietors. It showed a progressive increase in the traffic. The total earnings during the first six months of 1843 were 142,9732 105.3 d., while those for the six months ending 30th June last, amounted to 150,4691. 4s. Bd., exhibiting an increase of 7,4 16 s g . ate s d x a p a e d n d t h i tau amountr edu ri n g a v a t h i e lablatter ;d le ds. ivision B a d. T 4 m , 101 1 6 g al s g t g1 the Proprietors, 75,174/. Os. 2d., out of which the Directors recommended the payment of a dividend greater by 2s. 6d. a share than that paid in September last, making the present dividend at the rate of 325. 6d. a share, subject to the income-tax. This dividend absorbs 74,607/., leaving a balance of 567/.05.2d. The Directors have recently completed a revision of the rates for carriage of goods. The chief object of this would appear to be to render the classification of the various descriptions of merchandise more simple and more convenient to individuals sending or receiving goods by the railway, combined also with a reduction of charge amounting on the average to 20 per cent. The rejec tion of the Epsom, and the passing of the Salisbury line, is to result in the amalgamation into 6,000 shares, of 40/. each, of the Scrip Eighths, created in pursuance of the resolution of the special meeting of the 30th December last. This Scrip will be :forthwith called in. The Directors intend immediately to act upon the powers of the Bill recently passed for improving the Nine elms station, and possess themselves of the neces sary land for this purpose. To effect this they in tend to create and dispose of 250 shares of 50/. each, that number and amount of shares being equivalent to the 2,000 Scrip Eighths reserved for issue by the Directors at their discretion. The Directors were empowered to take the necessary steps for procuring Parliamentary power for the Company, solely or jointly to construct a branch railway to Epsom, and to establish a connection between the South-Western, the Brighton, and South - Eastern lines ; to borrow on mortgage or bond 20,0001., under the powers of the Salisbury Branch Act ; to take the necessary steps to obtain Parliamentary authority to make a railway from Basingstoke to Newbury, and to effect a connection between the South-Western and Great Western lines ; and to obtain further Parlia mentary power for the Company solely or jointly to ex tend the Gosport line from Fareham to Portsmouth and Chichester. The Directors were also authorised to take into consideration the projected Dorsetshire lines, to adopt such measures in reference thereto as they might deem expedient, and to examine whether a terminus near Waterloo-bridge would not be advantageous, and to carry out such a measure if their examination should be favourable. The report of the Directors was very fa vourably received by the Proprietors. The Directors have entered into an agreement with Messrs. Cooke an d Wh eatstone, the patentees of the electric telegraph, for working it on this line. The pa tentees. are to receive 1,5001. a - year f rom Government for working it between Portsmouth and the Admiralty. The agreement between the patentees and the Directors binds down the former to throw in their patent right, and to divide both the 1,500 L a-year and the pr o fit s arising from working the patent with the Directors, who are to grant the use of the line. The Directors propose, besides the Admiralty line of telegraph, to work one for the use of the Company, and another for commercial purposes. TRADE WITH PORTUGAL. 60, Mark-lane, London, Aug. 14, 1844. My Lord,—We are induced to take the liberty of ad dressing your Lordship on the following subject . The wine trade, in which we are engaged as Oporto merchants, has but recently recovered from a long and severe depression, caused by the protracted negotiations with Portugal respecting a mutual reduction of duties, nd your Lordship will be aware that the revenue sus tained considerable injury in consequence of that de pression. We are now threatened with a return of this inju rious suspension of our trade, and apparently without that valid reason for it which existed in the former instance. For some time past, the Lisbon correspondents of the press have weekly assured their readers, that a re duction of duties between Great Britain and Portugal may now be looked on as certain. 'We cannot but feel the injury which has been, and may again be inflicted on our trade, by statements of this nature, and we, there, fore, request your Lordship to excuse our taking the li berty of inquiring, whether or not a renewal of the com mercial negotiations with Portugal may be considered probable. We have the honour to be, my Lord, your Lordship's most obedient servants, (Signed) COCKBURN BROTIIERS and CO. The Right Hon. the Earl of Aberdeen, ller Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. Foreign-office, Aug. 22, 1844. Gentlemen,—l am directed by the Earl of Aberdeen to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 14th inst., in which you request to he informed whether commercial negotiations are likely to be re-opened with Portugal, and I am to state to you in reply, that his Lordship is not aware that there are any grounds fur supposing that such negotiations will be renewed. I am, gentlemen, your most obedient humble servant, (Signed) CANNING. To Messrs. Cockburn Brothers and Co. EXTRAORDINARY SERIES OF CALAMITIES.—Mr. Higgs, on Friday, held an inquest at the George, George court, Strand, on the body of Joseph Marshman, tailor, of George-court, Strand, aged 53, who hanged himself on Thursday, while in a state of insanity produced by calamities that rarely fall to the lot of one man. It was stated that he had been affected in his mind ever since the decease of his wife, who was accidentally burnt to death in St. Martin's workhouse about nine months ago. The day after that one of his sons, who was on board the Marine School ship, at Blackwall, fell from the mast head, and was killed on the spot. But a week or two following he sent another son with some work to Regent-street, and while he was on his way there he was run over by a cab, and carried home dead. A third child fell down the steps in George-court, and fractured its skull, from the effects of which it ultimately expired. There are seven children now living, several of whom have lately been suffering from rheumatic fever, caused by the dampness of the house in which they live. The unfortunate deceased, borne down by this accumulation of heavy afflictions, would wander for miles about the country, he knew not where nor why. On Friday he left home, and walked all that day and Saturday, and at night made a bed of some hay at Barnet. He then got into the town of Hertford, where he slept, and then walked home. He could give no reason for this, but said he knew he was out of his mind. It was said he had not eaten three pounds of meat since his wife's death. The jury said there could be no doubt in the case, and returned a verdict of " Insanity." MURDER OF A WIFE AT RICTIMOND.—On Fri day morning information was received at the different metropolitan police-stations that a man, named William New, a shoemaker, residing in the Marsh-gate-road, Richmond, had murdered his wife, by stabbing her in the side with a carving knife. It appeared that, about seven on Thursday night, they quarrelled, when the husband seized a carving knife and plunged it into his wife's side, and immediately made his escape. She was found by the neighbours insensible from loss of blood, and died about half an hour afterwards. No trace of the wretched husband has as yet been discovered beyond the following fact :—About eight o'clock the same evening, as Mr. G. Morris, blacksmith, of Shepherd's-bush, was proceeding along the Uxbridge-road, at Notting-hill, on his return home, he met a man who asked him what time it was; and on Mr. Morris telling nim it was eight o'clock, he said he bad then come from Richmond in an hour; that the police had entered the house by the front door as he had left it by a back window; and that if lie was found he should be transported. Mr. Morris thought the man was mad, and permitted him to pursue his course towards Paddington. The following is a copy of the description of William New, which has been circulated by the police:-11e is about 27 years of age, sft. Sin, or fin. high, dark brown hair, fair complexion, gr e y eyes, stout in person, dressed in cord trousers, old shoes, an old brown cloth waistcoat, brown cloth cap without a p e ak, and had no coat or jack e t on: h e is a shoemaker by trade. The police are making active exertions to secure him. ACCIDENT TO THE I3ATAVIER STEAM-SIIIP.—The Dutch steam-vessel Batavier, Captain Dunlop, which was due from Rotterdam at the St. Katherine Steam packet-wharf at four o'clock on Wednesday afternoon, did not arrive, and no intelligence had been received of her up to Thursday evening. Information has since reached the wharf that, shortly after the departure of the vessel from Rotterdam, she by some accident got aground off the Dutch coast, and it was ultimately found to be necessary to land the whole of her passengers and cargo, which comprised a considerable number of horned cattle, in addition to a quantity of fruit and vegetables, of which art i c l es a considerable quantity has been brought by her from Holland for several weeks past. The mmediate cause of the accident is at present unknown. The commander of th e B a t av i er , C ap t a i n Dunl op, i has been engaged in the Rott er d am t ra d e f o r a _ consi der ablethe vo yage with great regularity and safety. COURT OF SEWERS. An adjourned meeting of the Court of Sewers for the city and liberty of Westminster and part of Mid dlesex, was held on Friday, at the Sewers-office Greek-street, Soho-square. T. L. Donaldson took the Chair at twelve o'clock. Some general business having been disposed of, The CHAIRMAN said that the next matter before them was " to consider if any, and what, steps should be im mediately taken to restore the dilapidated narts of the main line of the Ranelagh sewer in Gloucester-road, Paddington." He had ordered that the business should be put into that day's paper in order that it might be kept before the Court, with the view of taking some im mediate steps therein. They had an application to con tinue the line for another thousand feet at an estimated cost of 3,0001., and he (the Chairman) was most anxious that the works should be commenced forthwith. The public were greatly inconvenienced by the present con dition of the sewer ; and that Court had not for the last four months done anything to get it rectified. He would take the liberty of throwing out a suggestion, and be hoped that some mem ber of the Court would frame a resolution upon it—that it might tend to strengthen the evidence of the officers of that Court, as to the causes of the failure of the works, if one or two protessional men were empowered to report upon the subject. He merely threw out the suggestion; it was for the Court to act, or not, upon it. A COMMISSIONER understood that it had been deter mined upon, some time before, to try the question as to the contractor's liberty to make good the failure, in: a court of law. Mr. WILLOCCHBY explained that the contra c t or h a d made a propositio n t o finish the works, but the Court had not seen fit to accede to it. Mr. ALLANSON coincided with the remark made by the Chairman, that the present d e l a y o f th e wor k s occas i one d great public inconvenience. Colonel J. C. GANT thought that the Court would have serious difficulties to contend with if they carried this matter into a court of law. Those difficulties would be greatly increased if they went on with the restoration of the sewer in a different form from that in which it was first made. He questioned, indeed, how far the con , tractor might be considered liable, seeing that his money was paid by that Court for the work, on an assurance from their own officers that it was completed in a trades manlike manner. It had stood for two years, and he certainly thought that before proceeding further in the matter their solicitor ought to have the opinion of two eminent surveyors, besides that of the regular officers of that Court with regard to the work. lie again ex pressed a doubt, that, if they completed the line accord ing to the new form o f sewer , it wou ld b e h eld as a tacit admission that the old form sanctioned by the Court, was a bad one, and that the contractor therefore was not to blame because it hal failed. Mr. WlLLotrounr denied that the old form of sewer was faulty, but the contractor had not done his work in a proper manner. A resolution was, after some further discussion, agreed to, that professional opinion should be taken on the sub ject. It was also decided that the additional length of' 1,000 feet should be added to the line. The Court then sanctioned the orders of the 25th and 23d July, for ninety-feet of sewer in Norfolk-street, Strand, at an estimated cost of 1181. 1 ls. Bd., and twenty feet of Ranelagh main sewer at Kilburn-bridge, to b e arched over, at a cost of 131. 6s. 6d. A letter was read from Mr. Pennethorne, surveyor to the Woods and Forests, stating that the Commis sioners agreed to the proposition made by him to the Court of Sewers, (namely, the contributing of 575/. to wards the line of sewerage in the proposed new street from St. Giles's to Long-acre, the estimated cost of the whole being 2,100/. 18s. 6d.), provided the line was carried on to Charlotte -street, Bloomsbury, and the whole finished by Lady-day. The tine was then con sidered in reference to the necessities of the 'Holborn and Finsbury Commission, and it was stated by the sur veyor, that the additional depth required would be five feet, two inches ; and the estimated cost for digging 5181. 1 ls. Sd. The estimated cost for rebuilding the Charlotte-street sewer, was 410/., which expense would in a very short time require to be borne by the district, as the present drainage was in bad condition. Mr. ALLANSON thought that before they came to any conclusion on this point, they ought to have some direct correspondence with the Holborn and Finsbury Com mission. Colonel GANT went at considerable length into the amicable relations which ought to exist between neigh bouring Commissions, and was persuaded that a broad and liberal mode of arranging matters like the present would conduce most to the public advantage, and to the good feeling which ought to be maintained between the - Sewers' Courts of the metropolis. Mr. WreLorounr did not think it consistent with their duties to their district to involve that district in expenses incurred for the benefit of another. It seemed only a principle of justice, that those who reaped the advantages should bear the expense ; and he apprehended that it would be an illegal application of 9281., to expend it for the benefit of any parties, other than those from whom the same was derived. Mr. DONALDSON thought that it would be enough for that district to bear the expense of the sewerage in Charlotte-street, which their surve:yors' report esti mated at 4101. At the suggestion of the (Timirman, the Court con fined itself to the question, of the diggings, and, Mr. WlLLoucnnv proposed a resolution That this Court does not feel ' j ustified in deepening the sewers of the division" for th.b purposes of the Holborn and Fins bury division. n-.d beyond the requirements of this division, excer at the e_xpcnoo or eh.* Mr. 11 . A.w - ALs thought that the expenses ought to be calculate(l together, and not in portions. Ile was of opinion that they ought not to discuss the subject until they had received the further report of their surveyors. The resolution was ultimately carried. The CUAIRMAII then put the question as to whether the Court would sanction the rebuilding of the Char lotte -street sewer at a cost of 410/. They had the sur veyors' report that in a short time they would be obliged to begin this work, and he (the Chairman) was of opinion that the present was a most fitting time._ Agreed to. Mr. lawaEs then moved a resolution—" That the surveyors report what additional expenses may be caused by gullies and sewers, on account of the increased depth of main sewer necessary to accommodate the Holborn and Finsbury district." He had stated, before the other votes were taken, that he required information upon this subject before he went further, and he hoped it would not be withheld from him. The CHAIRMAN said he had no wish to withhold any information from the Court, but he hoped that the Hon. Commissioner would allow the votes already taken to preclude the resolution he had now proposed. Mr. IlAwxEs objected to the course required by the Chairman. Colonel GANT thought that the calculations' sought for by the Hon. Commissioner would be found inter minable. Were they in the progress of these works to go with every little item to the Holborn and Finsbury' Commission, and say, " Pay this, it is incurred to suit your purposes?" He thought the Court could not enter tain the resolution for a moment. After sonic remarks from Mr. Willoughby and Mr. llawkcs, the resolution was put and carried. The CHAIRMAN then said, that in order to test the last resolution, he should put another, namely—" That the resolutions of this Court, with the exception of the last, be forwarded to the Holborn and Finsbury Com mission." MY. HAW KES—Who signs that ? The CHAIRMAN—Mr. 'Willoughby's name and my owl' is attached to it. Mr. Ifewri.Es—lt is a most extraordinary mode of doing business, and I am quite ashamed of it. Mr. WILLOUGHBY—Mr. Hawkes stated that it was for the information merely that he put the resolution. The object, therefore, can be attained, although it is not forwarded to the Holborn and Finsbury division. The last resolution was then put, and it was also carried. The question was then put, whether the Court would sanction the 1,540 feet of sewer in the new line already alluded to.—Agreed to. Several reports were afterwards read, and some minor business transacted, and the Court adjourned. The General Steam Navigation Company's steam ship Caledonia, with her Majesty's mail from Hamburgh, arrived on Wednesday, having experienced a continued gale of wind ever since she left that city. She brought about forty passengers, who, before leaving the vessel, addressed the following handsome testimonial to Captain Phillips, commander of that vessel " Caledoni a steamer, Aug. 20.—Sir,—We, the undersigned passen gers by the Caledonia steamer, under your command, cannot part without expressing to you the deep sense of gratitude for the seaman-like conduct displayed during the extreme responsibility thrown upon you by the situa tion of the ship, in the severe gales that WE encoun tered on our passage from Hamburgh to London. We rf f ea eiotn,uhrs faithfully, u foreign mes lel s 3 e c. m G a o n d d . si beg that you will do us the favour to accept the accom gpoaondyiAn•gishteosk.—en‘Ve remain, as a slight r, offering you( o defroy, Baron Bergh, W. P. Kaye (Queen's u seot henger), passengers Edwa N rd Jenning s (lieutenant .), and ei g ht een r ." SINGULAR CIRCUMSTANCE. —One of those singular freaks which death plays with all cases and individuals has occurred in a case which has lately come before the magistrate at Bow -street. Our police reports have at various times contained particulars of a performer at Sadler's Wells Theatre, named Charles Lambe Dowden, having been brought up at Bow-street, charged with presenting several cheques, for various amounts, to licensed victuallers, to whom he owed accounts, stating that they had been drawn by his uncle, Mr. Haggar, of Pimlico, who would take them up when due, which were afterwards found out to be forgeries. He succeeded, in three different cases, in obtaining sums, varying in amount, up to nine pounds, from three different licensed victuallers, but a fourth party, knowing Mr. Haggar was a very old man, and bed-ridden, determined to inquire into it, and having done so found it was a forgery. Mr. Twyford found he could not go on with the case without having the uncle's disproof of the cheques being in his writing, and determined to go in a cab, with a clerk, to take his deposition at his own residence. On Monday last, just as the journey was about to be taken, intelli gence was received that death had closed the eyes of the aged uncle, who, with upwards of ninety winters o'er his head, had yielded to death's imperative call. The land lord of the house, Mr. Spratt, with whom t he o l d gentle man lodged, will, however, prove that the handwriting of the cheques is not that of Mr. Haggar. RAILWAYS IN Priussra.—The Prussian Govern. ment, in order to avoid as far as possible accidents upon the railroads, has founded a school at Berlin for teaching the art of directing and managing locomotives; and an ordonnance has been issued that, from and after the Ist of January, 1846, no person shall be employed as drivers of locomotives on the railways of the kingdom but those who have been taught in this school, and obtained a cer tificate of their capacity. EXAMPLES. I ci) '''l Bon ~.. ~...-> ...i. Bonus ?tonna in ' ('; N' 1 P g , added. Cash. Premium. o .' 1 R ,-. '' ' c 's .?,',' if Es*= 2 I ° ; '8 g . o , . p , '-'. 4 I £ £s. d. I.£ s. di £s.d. £ s. d.' £ s. ds 1937 170 9 3 77 5 1 12 3 9 346 2 3 60 1000 74 3 4 1838 144 2 2 64 6 6 9 16 4 296 13 4 1839 116 16 0 51 511 7 11 9, 247 4 b G REAT BRITAIN MUTUAL LIFE AS gURANCI SOCIETY, 14, WATERLOO-PLACE, LONDON. THE CHISHOLM, Chairman. WILLIAM MORLEY, Esq., Deputy-Chairman. PECULIAR ADVANTAGES OFFERED TO POLICY-HOLDERS IN THIS. INSTITUTION. An extremely low rate of Premium, without participation in the Profits, bat with the option, at any time within five years, of paying up the difference between the Reduced Rates and the Mutual Assur ance Rates ; and thus becoming Members of the Society, and entitled to a full participation in the Profits. Extract from the Reduced Scale of Rates, for an Assurance of 1001., for One Year, Seven Years, and the whole Term of Life. • Annual Premium. Director. , LIFE ASSURANCE ETY, • • tEET,'BLACKFRIAIO. TORS. Thomas Timber, Bsq., Barns- bury-park. John Lodge, Esq., Portman street, Portman-square. Robert Remmett, Esq., Temple, John Richards, jun., Esq.,.F.S.A., Mayor of Reading, George Alfred Walker, Esq., St. Jamee's-place. The division of profits is annual, and the next will be made in De cember of the present year. This institution offers many important and substantial advan tages with respect both to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities. The assured has, on all occasions, the power to borrow, without ex penSe or forfeiture of the Policy, two-thirds of the premium paid, (see table) ; also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion of his interests to meet other conveniences or necessity. Assurances for terms of years are granted on the lowest possible rates. F. FERGUSON C.CUROUX, See. One Tear. geyen Tears. IVVliole Life Xs. d. X a. d. X s. d. 1 0 9 1 1 6 1 IS 11 12913 3 2 2 1 15617 6 2 16 4 1 15 9 2 I 6 4 1 11 335317 0 6 8 3 Full particulars axe detailed in the Prospectus. A. R. IRVINE, Managing B RITISH MUTUAL SOCI 17, NEW BRIDGE-STI DIAEC John Atkinson, Esq., Well.streer,l Hackney. Joshua Burgess, Esq., Park. street, Grosvenor-square. G. Goodwin, Esq., F. R.S., F.5.A.,, Pclham.crescent, Brampton. Capt. C. Twisleton Graves, Army' and Navy Club. Nutter Gray, Esq., Hackney. AUDITORS. Joseph Pheill, Esq. BANKERS. Meisrs. Masterman and Co., Nicholas—lane, Lombard•street. PJAYSICIAN. Richard Hopkins Allnatt, q., M.D., F.S.A., Parliament.stroet. ROEON. Robert Grueber Ihute, Esq., Mecklenburg-square. STANDING COUNSEL. Harris Prendergast, Esq., Lincoln's Inn. Joseph Brown, Esq., Temple. SOLICITOR. Edward Smith, Esq., 5, Chancery.lanc. SURVEYOR. John Bartlett, Esq., Chaneery.lane. CONSULTING ACTUARY. William Ratray, Esq., King William-street, City. THE GREATEST PRESENT BENEFIT, AND THE GREATEST FUTURE ADVANTAGES to those who attain the average duration of life are secured to the assured in this Office, a combination of advantages presented by no other in London. This Society is strictly a Mutual Assurance Society. The principle adopted in the distribution of the profits is pecu liar to this office, and is at once safe, equitable, and favourable to good lives. The surplus is reserved for those members who sur. vive the period at which their premiums with accumulated interest at five per cent. shall amount to the sums assured, and may be re ceived in cash, or applied in the reduction of the future premiums or to the increase of the sum assured. An ample Guarantee is secured by a temporary subscribed Cal ipital to be paid off as soon as it may be deemed expedient. The 'Premiums are deduced from the Government experience, and are accurately adjusted to the several ages. At early and middle life they are about one.fourth lower than at most other offices. All the objects of Life Assurance may be effectually accom plished at this Office, and generally the Directors are prepared to receive Proposals of any description involving the contingency of human life. More fully to extend the advantages of this Society, it is deter. mined to establish Local Boards throughout the kingdom. 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