The Sun. — London, England, 1839-09-04 00:00:00

EVENING EDITION. OLD NEWGATE. ' Though by no means so extensive or commo di ous as the modern prison, old Newgate was a large and strongly built pile. The body of the edifice stood on the south side of Newgate-street, and projected at the western extremity far into the area opposite St. Sepul chre's Church. One small wing lay at the north of the gate, where the Compters now stand ; and the press yard, which was detached from the main building, was situated at the back of Phoenix-court. The south, or principal front, looking down the Old Bailey, and not upon it, as is the case with the present structure, with its massive walls of roughened free-stone,—in some places darkened by the smoke, in others blanched by exposure to the weather,--its heavy projecting cornice, its unglazed doubly-grated windows, its gloomy porch decorated with fetters, and defended by an enormous iron door, had a stern and striking effect. Over the lodge, upon a dial, was inscribed the appropriate motto, " Tenio Inca fur." 'Me gate, which crossed New gateestrset, had a wide arch for carriages, and a postern on the north side for foot passengers, Its architecture was richly ornamental, and resembled the style of a triumphal entrance to a capital, rather than a dungeon, having battlements and hexagonal towers, and being adorned,on the western side with atriple range of pilasters of the Tuscan order, amid the intercolumniations of *hioh were niches embellished with statues. The chief of these was a figure of Liberty, with a cat at her feet, in allusion to the supposed origin of the fortunes of its former faunder, Sir Richard Whittington. On the right of the postern against the wall was affixed a small grat ing, sustaining the debtor's box ; and any pleasure which the passer-by might have derived from contem plating the splendid structure above described was damped at beholding the pale faces and squalid figures of the captives across the bars of its strongly-grated windows. Some years after the date of this history, an immense ventilator was placed at the top of the gate, I with the view of purifying the prison, which, owing to its insufficient space and constantly crowded state, was never free from that dreadful and contagious disorder, uaw happily unknown, the gaol-fever. So frightful, io- I deed, were the ravages of this malady, to which debtors and felons were alike exposed, shat its miserable victims were frequently carried out by cart-loads, and thrown into a pit in the burial-ground of Christ Church without ceremony. Old Newgate was divided into three separate prisons —the Master's Side, the Common Side, and the Press yard. The first of these, situated at the south of the building, with the exception of one ward over the gate way, was allotted to the better class of debtors, whose funds enabled them to defray their chamber rent, fees, and garnish. The second, comprising the bulk of the gaol, and by many degrees wore in point of accommo ) idation, having several dismal and noisome wards under groubd, was common both to debtors and malefactors— an association little favourable to the morals or comforts of the former, who, if they were brought there with any notions of honesty, seldom left with untainted principles. The last—in:all respects the best and airiest of the three, standing, as has been before observed, in Phoenix -court, at the rear of the main fabric—was reserved for State offenders, and such persons as chose to submit to the extortionate demands of the keeper : from twenty to five hundred pounds premium, accord ing to the rank alnd means of the applicant, in addition to a high weekly rent, being required for accommodation in this quarter. Some excuse for this rapacity may perhaps be found in the fact that five thousand pounds was paid for the purchase of the Press-yard by Mr. Pitt, the then Governor of Newgate. Tuis gentleman, who was tried for high treason, in 1716, on suspicion of aiding Mr. Foster, the rebel general's escape, but acquitted, reaped a golden harvest during the occupation of his premises by the Preston rebels, when a larger sum was obtained f o r a s i ng l e c h am b er than (in the words of a sufferer on the occasion) “ would hive paid the rent of the best house in Saint James% scoare or Piccadilly for several years." Nor was this all. Other, and more serious imposi tions, inasmuch as they affected a poorer class of per sons, were practised by the underlings of the gaol. On hii first entrance, a prisoner, if unable or unwilling to comply with the exactions o f th e t urn k eys, was thrust i-.to the condemned hold with the worst description of c;,minals, and terrified by threats into submission. By the old regulations, the free t3e of strong li quors not bting interdicted, a tap-house was kept in the lodge, and also in a cellar on the common side—under the super intendence of Mrs. Spurting, formerly, it may be re in - !inbered, the hostess of the Dark House at Queen bitile—wlieuee wine, ale, and brandy of inferior qua lity were dispensed, in false measures, and at high prices, throughout the prison, which in noise and de bauchery rivalled, if it did not surpass, tile lowest tavern. 1 The chief scene of these disgusting orgies —the 1 cellar, just referred to—was a large low-roofed vault, I about four feet hclow the level of the street, perfectly i dark, unless when illumined by a roaring fire, and 1 candies stuck in pyramidal lumps of clay—with a range i at butts and barrels at one end, and benches and tables at the other, where the prisoners —debtors and male ! factors, male and female—assembled so long as their motley lasted, and consumed the time in drinking, i ) smoking, and gaming with cards and dice. Above was a spacious hail, connected with it by a flight of stone I' steps, at the further end of which stood an immense grated door, c a ll e d i n th e s l ang o f t h e p l ace, " T he Jigger," through the bars of which the felons in the upper wards were allowed to converse with their friends, ' o-, if they wished to enter the room, or join the revellers below, they were at liberty to do so, on payment of a small fine. Thus, the same system of plunder was everywhere carried on, The gaolers robbed the pri ) soners ; the prisoners robbed one another. Two large wards were situated in the gate ; one of which, Stotie-ward, appropriated to the master debtors, ' looked towards Holborn ; the other, called the Stone hall, from a huge stone standing in the middle of it, I upon which the irons of crimi na l s un d er sentence o f death Iwere knocked off previously to their being taken to the place of execution, faced Newgate-street. iln an angle of the stone hall was the Iron Hold ; a chamber containing a vast assortment of fetters and handcuffs of all weights and sizes. Four prisoners, • te rmed " The Partners," had charge of this hold. Their 1 duties were to see who came in, or went out ; to lock up, and open th e diff erent war d s ; to f etter suc h pri sorsers as were ord ere d t o b e p l ace d i n i rons ; to distri bute the a ll owances o f prov i s i ons ; and to ma i nta i n , some show of decorum ; for which latter purpose they were allowed to carry whips and truncheons. When ' any violent outrage was committed —and such matters were of daily, sometimes hourly, occurrence—a bell, •' the rope of which descended into the hall, brought the whole of the turnkeys to their assistance. A nar -1 row passage at the north of the Stone-hall lead to the Bluebeard's room of this enchanted castle, a place shun ned even by the reckless crew who were compelled to Ipass it. It was a sort of kitchen, with an immense fireplace flanked by a couple of caldrons ; and was called Jack Ketch's kitchen, because the guar ters of persons executed for treason were there boiled by the hangman in oil, pitch, and tar, before they were affixed on the city gates, or on London-bridge. Above this revolting spot was the fe male debtor's ward ; below it a gloomy cell called Tan gier ; and, lower still, the Stone-hold, a most terrible and noisome dungeon, situated under ground, and un visited by a single ray of daylight. Built and paved with stone, without beds, or any other sort of protection from the cold, this dreadful hole, accounted the most dark and dismal in the prison, was made the receptacle of such miserable wretches as could not pay the customary fees. Adjoining it was the Lower-ward—" Though, in what degree of latitude it was situated," observes Ned Ward, " I cannot positively demonstrate, unless it lay ninety degrees beyond the North Pole ; for, instead of being dark there but half a year, it is dark all the year round." It was only a shade better than the Stone hold. Here were imprisoned the fines ; and, " per haps," adds the before cited authority, " if he behaved himself, an outlawed person might creep in among them." Ascending the gate once more on the way back, w e find over the Stone-hall another large room, called Debtor's -hall, facing Newgate street, with " very good air and light." A little too much of the former, per l'aP!, as the windows being unglazed, the prisoners were subjected to severe annoyance from the weather and easterly winds. l i Of the women felons' rooms nothing has yet been I said. 'nacre I Hall, a horriblePlre thwii.nd.j One called Waterman's gate, whence, thr s ac u e solie ited alms from tit chamber, denominated in the highest part of the Y- a r IY s mity. Neither of these wagrdos'haadt tunate inmates were obliged to take oaken door. The condition of the ro oining the postern under the a small barred aperture, they PAssezgers . :the other, a large Hold, was situated beds,nrn extre ,nd the unfor thseiwrarseisntdoensert i h b e , i a bl y filthy and disgusting ; nor were the habits of the occupants much more cleanly. There were two condemned Holds -one i for each sex. That for the men lay near the Lodge, with • it was connected by a dark p assage. It waw:thawhich 'room, about twenty feet long a n d fif teen broad, larg e had an arched stone roof. In fact, it had been and ciently, ciently, the right hand postern under the gate leading towards the city. The floor was planked with oak, and covered with iron staples, hooks, and ring -b o l ts , with heavy chains attached to them. There was only one small grated window in this hole, which admitted but little light. Over the gateway towards Holborn were two strong wards, called the Castle and the Red Room. They will claim particalar attention hereafter. Mealy other wards—especially on the Master Debtor's side—have been necessarily omitted in the foregoing hasty enumeration. But there were two places of pu nishment which merit some notice, from their peculia rity. The first of these, the Press-roem, a dark, close &flambe: _near Waterman's Hall, obtained its name from an ini niZlCAlharka •"- prisoogries Bilbowes—also a dismal place—refractory prisoners were thrust, and placed in a kind of stocks, whence the name.—Mr. Ainsworth's" Jack Sheppard?' A , 6 TRUE BELIEVER'S" OPINION OF WINE. (From the " Confessions of a Thug.") "Now for the wine, Meer Sahib ; the pilao is dry without it, and my throat lacks moisture." " Here it is," said I, pouring it out into a cup ; see how it sparkles, like the fire of a ruby." " Ay," said the Khan, after he had drained it to the bottom, " this is wine for the Hooris ; how one enjoys it ! Think, Meer Sahib, how we true believers will i quaff in Paradise (if what we get there will be as good), surrounded by twenty Hooris, and each vying with the other to please us! But drink, man,—l would not take the whole." .. N ay , that bottle is your own share, Khan, and there is, besides another for you ; Peer Khan and I will divide this one between us. 'Tis a pity there is not more, or that the bottles were not larger. " Ay, it is to be regretted certainly, Meer Sahib, but what there is, we must make the most of ;" and he took another draught. " Only think," continued he, " of those infidels the Feringhees drinking such stuff, as this every day. I now scarcely marvel at their doing great deeds when they are drunk. And is it not the case, Meer Sahib, that they all sit round a table, and drink, and roar out songs, till they fall down intoxicated ?" " So I have been credibly informed, Khan. By Alla they are jolly dogs." " I wish I was in their service," said Ghuffoor Khan, after a short silence. "Do you think they would give one wine to drink when one wanted it ?" " I have not a doubt of it," I replied. " Then I will take employ with them, Meer Sahib ; this stuff would tempt many a better Moosulman than lam to serve an infidel. But they say Sikundar Jab drinks it also." " So I heard when I was at Hyderabad," said I, " indeed it was there I first tasted this liquor ; and I knew the bottles again when I saw them in the Fering hees' houses at Guntoor." " It is fit drink for a prince," sighed the Khan, when he had finished the bottle, and looking at it with a most rueful countenance. " That is finished, Meer Sahib ; thou saidst thou had another ?" " Ay, Khan ! but only this one," I replied, handing him the other. " I feel happy now, Meer Sahib. By Alla! I could sing—l could dance I think, though it would be a scandal to do so. The Prophet, however, has not for bidden a Moslem to sing. May his name be honoured! Have any of you a sitar? People say that I have a good hand." " Go and fetch Motee-ram's," said I to Peer Khan ; " it is a good one. Shall the owner of it come also, Khan ?" " Nay, I care not, Meer Sahib ; though the devi came I would pluck him by the beard : let him come, Can he sing ?" " Like a bulbul, Kban ; I have rarely heard a better voice from a man." " Oh, for some women !" sighed the Khan ; " one misses the glances of their antelope-eyes, and the tinkle of their anklets, in moments like these. Ah, Meer Sahib, we were happy dogs when we were encamped in the Krishna." FROM LAST NIGHT'S GAZETTE CROWN-OFFICE, SEPT. 2, 1839. MEMBER RETURNED TO SERVE IN THIS PRESENT PARLIAMENT. BOROUGH OF PORTSMOUTH.—Trie Right Hon. Francis Thornhill Baring, Chancellor of her Majesty's Exchequer. WHITEHALL, Aun. 23. The Queen has been pleased to appoint : The Most Hon. the Marquis of Breadalbane, K. T. The Right Hon. the Earl of Dalhousie. The Right Hon. the Earl of Rosehery. The Right Hon. Viscount Melville, K. T. The Right Hon. Lord Belhaven. The Hon. Fox Maule. The Right Hon. Sir William Rae, Bart. Thomas Maitland, Esq., Advocate. John Shaw Stewart, Esq., Advocate. Alexander Earle Monteith, Esq., Advocate. Adam Anderson, Esq., Advocate. Graham Spiers, Esq., Advocate. Frederick Hill, Esq., and John Witham, jun., Esq. In addition to certain e.c officio Directors appointed by the Act, passed in the la,t Session of Parliament, intituleti " An Act to improve Prisons and Prison Discipline in Scotland," to form the General Board of Directors of Prisons in Scotland. WHITEHALL, AUG. 24. The Queen has been pleased to appoint Andrew Murray, jun., Eig., Advocate, to be Secretary to the General Board 431 Directors of Prisons in Scotland. WHITEHALL, AUG. 29. The Lord Chancellor has appointed Edward Edmund Peach Kelsey, of Salisbury, in the county of Wilts, Gent., to be a Master Extraordinary in the High Court of Chancery. DOWNING-STREET, AUGUST 29. The Queen has been pleased to appoint the Right Hon. Charles Poulett Thomson to be Governor-General, Vice-Ad miral, and Captain-General of all her Majesty's Provinces ssithin and adjacent to the Continent of North America. '•., •• . 4 ^.. . z,„4- ,t . l imir +P I A t • - -,: . Ir . - . ' O_A. ;:. • ' tr,«A„ ~ t , 4 .0 WM ti I VIM 7 ' '' It .• f . • r - ~. . prcs A: 11 s BANKRUPTCY SUPERSEDED. EDWARD CART, starch manufacturer, Barton-ttpon. Humber, Lincolnshire. BANKRUPTS. HENRY LEWIS. clothier, Salford, Lancashire, to sur render September 17, at ten, and October 13, at two, at the Commissioners' Rooms, Manchester. Chew, Manchester; Rogerson, Norfolk -street, Strand, London. ROBERT SIMPSON, innkeeper, Embleton, Cumberland, September 17, at eleven, and October 15, at six, at the Globe-inn, Cockermouth. Steel and Son, Cockermouth ; Coxe, Furnival's Inn, London. HENRY HARVEY, merchant and commission-agent, Hatton-garden, Middlesex, September 14, at two, and October lb, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Phillips, Sise-lane, Bucklersbury ; Whitmore, official assignee, Basinghall-street. SAMUEL RAWNSLEY, stuff-manufacturer, Bradford, Yorkshire, September 14 and October 15, at twelve, at the Court-house, Leeds. Battye, Fisher, and Sudlow, Chancery-, lane London; T. and J. L ee , L ee d s . GEORGE LONG, linen-draper, Oakhampton, Sept. 13 and Oct. 15, at eleven, at Elliott's Roy a l H o t e l, D evonport. Soles, Aldermanbury, London ; Husband, Devonport. HENRY HIGSON, common-brewer, Bolton-le-Moors, Sept. 13, at one, and Oct. 15, at eleven, at the Swa n I nn, Bolton-le-Moors. Chilton and Acland, liancery-lane, Lon don ; Hulton, Bolton. JOSEPH POWELL BRADFORD, jun., spirit merchant, Liverpool, Sept. 13 and Oct. 15, at one, at the Clarendon rooms, Liverpool. Wilton, Gray's-inn-square, London; Milnes and Sale, Leominster, Herefordshire. JAMES SMITH, woollen-draper, Leeds, Sept. 14 and Oct. 15, at ten, at the Court-house, Leeds. Wiglesworth, Ridsdale, and Craddock, Gray's-inn-square, London; Smith, Leeds. DIVIDENDS. At the Court of Bankruptcy, Basinghall-street. S. Youngman, timber-merchant, Old-street, Middlesex, Oct. 5, at eleven. In the Country. H. J. Shepherd, dealer and chapman, Beverley, Yorkshire, Oct. 3, at twelve, at the Tiger Inn. Beverley—W. Luckett, cattle-dealer, Bloxham, Oxfordshire, Sept. 25, at one, at the 11 7 1,•ite Lion Inn, Banbury, Oxfordshire—W. and A. Horton, butt on-manufacturers, Sheffield, Sept. 26, at two, at the Towo-hall, Sheffield—W. Kendrick, jeweller, Birmingham, Sept. 26, at twelve, at the New Royal Hotel, Birmingham—T. Willis, victualler, GreatYarmouth,Sept. 26, at one, atthe Angel Inn, Great Yarmouth—W. and W. Rich. joiners, Wigan, Lancashire, Sept 20, at eleven, at the Swan Inn, Bolton, Lan cashire—M. Hawkes, auctioneer, Sherrington, Norfolk, Sept. 25, at twelve, at the Lion Inn, Fake nhane, Norfolk—J. Richardson, money-scrivener, Leeds, Oct. 10, at three, at the Court-house, Leeds—W. Bunting, cotton-spinner, Stockport, Cheshire, Sept 27, at eleven, at the Commissioners'-rooms, Manchestei . CERTIFICATES.-SEPT. 24. G. K. Longdon, stone-mason, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire —J. Hodges, victualler, Cirencester, Gloucestershire—W. J. De Lancey Arnold, coal-merchant, Norway-wharf, Westmin ster—J. Glover, painter, Stafford. PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED. W; Johnson and J. Odgers, coal merchants, Exeter—W. Waite and G. Newmarch, furriers, Leeds—C. Tayleur, J. Knowles, jun., W. Rotherham, and W. Garner, tanners, Tox teth-park Tanning Company (as far as respects W. Garner) — R. and T. Pilkington, timber merchants, Blackburn, Lanca shire—J. Butler, sen., W. C. Butler, and J. Butler, jun., cutlers and manufacturers of spades, Pondhill, Sheffield, York shire—J. Fisher, E. Fisher, and J. Fisher, silk-spinners, Longroyd Mills, near Huddersfield, Yorkshire—J. Canter and W. Canter, linen-manufacturers, Baraaley, Yorkshire—J. Bide, A. Bide, and L. Bide, glove-manufacturers, Yeovil, Somerset- shire--W. Bannister, G. Bannister, H. Bannister, and C. Ban nister, coal -masters, Brierley Colliery, Stafford—J. B. Wag staff and W. Seddon, calico engravers, Manchester—W. Thomas and H. Hewitt, eating-house-keepers, Shoreditch— J. Hibbert and W. Winfrey, coach-proprietors, Macclesfield, Cbeshire—R., A., and C. Paul, architects, Cheltenham— G. Elton and T. Adams, saddlers' tool-makers, Walsall, Staffordshire—J. W. Buckland and G. H. ➢fitchelmore, .British plate metal manufacturers, Union-road, Old Kent-road. EGYPTIAN WHEAT.—WhiIe recently in the neig-hbourhood of Kirkmichael, we observed two ridges of what was called Smyrna wheat (a variety lately introduced into this country), grown by Miss Bell, at Threave, which promises to yield a better return than any grain of the kind we eve" saw. It is sometimes known by the name of Abyssinian, and sometimes Smyrna wheat, and is generally allowed to constitute a different genus from any other, botanists placing the distioguished characteristics on the w compound form of the spike', which is caused by the low er florets becoming elongated, an d formed so as to make the whole resemble several spikes ties together, or a compound spike. This compound form is, hoover, by no means per raa:lent, and when the spike assumes s simple form it is not to b,s distinguished from the turgid wheats. Egyptian wheat has often been introduced into several parts of Scotland, under different names, and has received suffi cient attentio n , but its general produce and quality does p no ar t t w i l ly ra e n u t l i t t i s ra c t u e l d tiv in ati t o h n e intbiscountry. southern parts of England, and France in particular . It is, howe ver, . ular. twenty varieties ofit Our townsman, Mr. Imrie, has 4 iven much of his attention • it for he last three to it, having made experiments with iti years, ear ; a n b d ut h having at experience, atpresent w e abt a . r u e t sorry to say, leads us to th e conc l us i on, t h at i t i s t o o ten der a pl ant for ou r cold soil and com p ara ti ve ly ungenial wee.Ay Advertiser. clima ; as r , though the heads are bulky, th e y do not ripen said au old Cumberland farymhPeOrrFtuoAhis PdaluPgEh.t—er, THE BENEVOLENCE " w A h l en ary sh , e " was once asking him to bu thou always te.ize me about • new beaver, " • why dost kept in it, with which such k• ri • ~ su ch things when I'm quietly 1 sib° in, my pipe . Because tem to their ' • indictments were 1 ' pered then, feyther," was the ryelare always best inquisitorial torture not I thoust reel, " rejoined the farmer; er, reply. "111 believe, lass, the early part of the I; ,f remember that my poor feyther was j u st I was a lad, hen it was abolished by I' after he had smoked a pipe or twee he w adh a 'jstthe .same ; geen his 'second, the denomin a ted ' h ~ aad a way if it had been loose."—A paper of Tobacco. r ----~ CLOSE OF THE SESSION. The close of the Session leaves the Tories farther removed from office than ever. They have failed in the attempt to take the Government, and the causes of their failure have made new impediments in their way, which have not been in any degree diminished by the virulent abuse and calumny which disappointed faction has directed against the Queen. The Duke of Wel lington's speech on the 23d was not the speech of a man who contemplated a return to office. All that he mo destly proposes is, to guide the Government which he cannot undertake, and to fasten upon it the policy which he could not himself administer. " The Noble Viscount (Lord Melbourne) in ex pressing his opinion that the Noble and Learned Lord's (Lord Lyndhurst's) object was to lower tilt Government in the public opinion, had gone on to as sure the Noble and Learned Lord that happen what might, there was no chance of the Noble and Learned Lord and his friends, meaning himself (the Duke of Wellington) and others, rising in public opinion, or having it in their power to carry on the government of the country. There was, of course, no better judge or this point than the Noble Viscount. So he (the Duk , of Wellington) should consider this matter as entirely settled.—(A laugh.) He could assure the Noble Vis count that for his own part all that he desired now, or had for some years desired, was to see a Government in the country.—(Hear, hear.) That was what h. desired. He desired to see the country governed ;ht wished he could see that.—(Hear, hear.) He had seen how it had been governed for some years past, anu he hoped that the Noble Viscount would now turn over a new leaf, and really govern the country in future.— (Hear, hear.)" What the Duke means by this is plain enough. He wants a high-handed Government—a Government making a free-use of the sword, and seizing every pre text for superseding all civil powers which are not in Tory hands, and of course only waiting pretexts for the abolition of the Municipal Magistracy. He wants a Government which would see the storming and sacking of a town in a riot, a Badajoz in a Birmingham, and which would adjust its coercive measures to such out rageously exaggerated views. He wants a Government which would look at the state of the country through the magnifying medium of fear and hatred of a , people, and which would place all its trust in the terrors of the sword. In a word, as we have before observed, he wants the Castlereagh and Sidmouth Government of 1819, with the Six Acts, and a Manchester massacre by way of example of the means for " keeping the people quiet." _ Now if this sort of government be practicable, if it be suited to the times and temper of the people, and the exigencies of the country, why does not the Duke of Wellington feel himself in the condition to undertake it? Why does his Grace call upon Lord Melbourne to adopt a policy in which he, the Duke, knows that he himself would not be supported ? If the Duke's policy were suitable, the Duke's adminis tration would be borne, and should go with it ? At present there is the interval of Badajos and Birming ham between the state of the country and the sys tem of government which the Duke would apply to it. His Grace advises Ministers to turn over a new leaf (the first in the Orderly-book), and really to govern the country ; in other words, to adopt a Tory policy. The modesty of the recommendation is the more remarkable when the broadest difference be tween the Whig and the Tory policy is considered, and the effect of it. In the Government of England it has always been admitted that there has been the least difference be tween the Whig policy and the Tory policy ; and what is the state of England ? Without going so far as to say that Birmingham has shared the fate of Badajos, w e may affirm that the aspect of things in England is far from satisfactory, though less menacing than it was some few months ago. On the other hand, in the Government of Ireland, there has been the broadest difference between the Whig policy and the Tory policy ; and what has bee') the practical, the undeniable, the notorious result Why, that the country was never so quiet, never so tranquil ; that it spurns the English incendiaries who go over to disturb its peace, and that it spares its garrisons to preserve the peace of England So, be it observed, where there is the widest differ ence between the Whig policy and the Tory policy there is the greatest tranquillity ; where there is the least difference between the Whig policy and the Tory po licy there is the largest amount of disaffection and ten dency to commotion. Seeing these results, if, as the Duke advises, a new leaf should be turned over, would it not now be well to try in England the system of con ciliation of the people which has succeeded so admirably in Ireland, proceeding on the experience that the farther we get from Tory uolicy the nearer we get to public; peace and satisfaction, and that the point of the smallest differs nee with Toryism is the point at which there is the maximum of discontent and disturbance. These are facts full of instruction, and which broadly mark out the courses leading to successful and to unsuccessful government.--Examiner. BANKING IN FORMER DAYS. (From Burgon's Life of Sir Thomas Gresham.) A banker in early times pursued a very different trade 'rom that which occupies the attention of the opulent and influential class, so called at the present day. It is well known that the latter derive their pro fits from the employment of fluctuating sums of money, deposited in their hands for conveni ence and safety by the public ; and for the secu rity of which, the respectability of the banker is a suffi cient guarantee. But this is a refinement of compa ratively recent introduction, with which our fore fathers were wholly unacquainted. As late as the time of Swift, bankers gave and took a bond on receiv ing and lending money ; and made their profit by ob taining a higher rate of interest, or usury as it was called, on the latter operation, than they allowed on the former. Ten or twelve per cent. was the customary rate of in terest during the reign of Queen Elizabeth ; at which period, we mean no disrespect to the banker when we say, that he united in his person the trades of the usurer, the pawnbroker, the money-scrivener, the goldsmith and the dealer in bullion. A German traveller, who visited England in 1593, says that he saw in Lombard street " all sorts of gold and silver vessels exposed to sale, as well as ancient and modern coins, in such quan tities as must surprise a man the first time he sees and considers them." At the period of Gresham's death, a considerable portion of his wealth consisted of gold chains. It is a curious circumstance that Lombard street should have retained its character as well as its name for at least five centuries and a half ; and it may not perhaps be out of place to mention, that within the last thirty years several gold and silver lace-men lived there ; a link between the ancient and modern occu pants of the street, which has now almost wholly dis appeared. The earliest money-dealers in England were the Jews, a people proverbial among us to this day for their riches ; and who, if they behaved as extortioners, were certainly treated as such by our early monarchs, and became in turn the objects of every description of hardship and ignominy. To them succeeded the Lombards—by which general appellation the early Italian merchants at Genoa, Lucca, Venice, and of Florence, were designated. They obtained a footing in this country about the middle of the thirteenth century, and established them selves in Lombard-street, making it their business to remit money to their own country by bills of exchange, which was found particularly useful by the Italian Clergy, who were thus enabled in an easy manner to re ceive the income of their transalpine benefices. In spite of the prejudices which at first obstructed their reception, they by degrees acquired a firm footing ; and in process of time, became the richest merchants and the greatest money-lenders in the kingdom. In the early part of the fifteenth century they advanced a large sum for the service of the State, and had the customs mortgaged to them by way of security. We have already in some degree explained the nature of the business pursued by these early goldsmiths, or, as they are sometimes called, bankers ; and pointed out wherein their operations differed from those bankers of the present day. The transition period was about the reign of Charles the First ; " until which time the whole and proper business of London goldsmiths was to buy and sell plate, and foreign coins of gold and silver ; to melt and cull them ; to coin some at the Mint, and with the rest to supply the refiners, plate-workers, and merchants as they found the price to vary." In.the time of the subse quent troubles, merchants and tradesmen, who before had entrusted their cash to their servants and appren tices, found that practice no longer safe. Neither did they any longer dare, on account of the distresses of Majesty itself, to use the Mint in the Tower as a place of deposit. They now began to lodge their neces sary cash is the goldsmiths' hands, for the sake of greater security. This was in the year 1645, when goldsmith s first exercised both professions ; and Pen nant, writing in 1790, says, that even in his day there were several eminent bankers who kept goldsmiths'shops. The first regular banker was Mr. Francis Child, gold smith, who began business soon after the Restoration. THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1839 SMIRE'S DEATH. On a fine, mild autumn day, when all was tranquil and at peace, when the soft sweet air crept in at the open window of the quiet room, and not a sound was heard but the gentle rustling of the leaves, Nicholas sat in his old place by the bedside, and knew that the time was nearly come. So very still it was, that every now and then he bent down his ear to listen for the breathing of him who lay asleep, as if to assure himself that life was still there, and that he had not fallen into that deep slumber from which on earth there is no waking. While he was thus employed, the closed eyes opened, and on the pale face there came a placid smile. " That's well," said Nicholas. " The sleep has done you good." " I have had such pleasant dreams," was the answer. " Such pleasant, happy dreams !" " Of what ?" said Nicholas. a boy turn e d towar d s h i m, and putt i ng hi s neck, mad e answer, " I s h a ll soon b e tahrmeTrehae?llduytin After a short silence be spoke again. " I am not afraid to die," he said, " I am quite contented. I almost think that if I could rise from this bed quite well, I would not wish to do so now. You have so often told me we shall meet again—so very often lately, and now I feel the truth of that so strongly—that I can even bear to part from you." The trembling voice and tearful eye, and the closer ;rasp of the arm which accompanied these latter words, showed how they filled the speaker's heart ; nor were there wanting indications of how deeply they had touched the heart of him to whom they were addressed. You say well , returned Nich o l as a t l eng th, " an d very much, dear f e ll ow . L et me h ear you " " I must tell you something first. I s h ou ld no t s e a o y m y fo o r u t are happy, if you ca n ." me have a secret from you. You would not blame me at a time like this, I know." " I blame you!" exclaimed Nicholas. "I am sure you would not. You asked me why I vas so changed, and—and sat so much alone. Shall I tell you why ?" " Not if it pains you," said Nicholas. " I only asked that I might make you happier if I could." " I know—l felt that at the time." He drew his friend closer to him. " You will forgive me ; I could not help it, but though I would have died to make her happy, it broke my heart to see—l know he loves her dearly—Oh ! who could find that out so soon as I " The words which followed were feebly and faintly uttered, and broken by long pauses ; but from them Nicholas learnt, for the first time, that the dying boy, with all the ardour of a nature concentrated on one ab sorbing, hopeless, secret passion, loved his sister Kate. He had procured a lock of her hair, which hung at her breast, folded in one or two slight ribaa ds she had worn. He prayed that when he was dead Nicholas Mould take it off, so that no e yes but his might see it, and that when he was laid in his coffin, and about to be placed in the earth, he would hang it round his neck again, that it might rest with him in the grave. Upon his knees Nicholas gave him this pledge, and promised again that he should rest in the spot he had pointed out. They e mbraced, and kissed each other on the cheek. _ " Now," he murmured, " I am happy." He fell into a slight slumber, and waking, smiled as before ; the❑ spoke of beautiful gardens, which he said stretched out before him, and were filled with figures of men, women, and many children, all with light upon their faces; then whispered it was Eden—and so died. —Nicholas Nickleby. HOT SPRINGS OF' GER3IANY. (From Dr. Granville's Spas of Germany.) We obtained admission at the " Eeu d'Or," (Zum Goldenen Schilde), not without some trouble, and there I awaited, after the usual ablutions and refreshments, the very early hour of the morning at which all the world, in these unsophisticated retreats of invalids, is up and stirring. Scarcely had the sound of a musical hand. not far from our hotel, announced that the daily bustle at the principal hot spring called the Sprudel, was just ommencing, when I hurried towards the most extraor dinary phenomenon of nature, with all the impatience of one who is eager to satisfy himself by ocular demon stration of the truth of what seemed almost fabulous in description. And yet, at th , e sight of that celebrated fountain—to which the curling vapours that hovered over its colonnaded temple d irected me without a guide or a question—l felt that all t lie descriptions Ih td read of it had failed to convey the iimpression I received. The sadden view of the violent, loi ;ty, constant, and prodigal up-pourings of hot-water out of the bowels of the earth, foaming in the midst of its cl Duds of vapour, within 45 degrees of the boiling point, on the very margin of a cold, placid, and sluggish sire; im, the Tepl, riveted me to the spot fur some momen ts. Although pressed on all sides by the increaE log throng of water drinkers, my attention was wholly absorbed by this striking object. I stood con templating it for a few mi nutes, as if imagining that th a next moment would reveal the secret of this natural magic. But the crowd of eager individuals who sur, rounded it, keeping at a respectful distance from its scorching spray, seemed to look for health in the sprin g, without ever thinking of the two great agents combined, heat and water, from which they were about to of itain it. What is it that imparts to this mysterious current that violent impulse which makes it spring from the bosom of the earth, with a n upright jet, of eight or nine feet elevation from the aperture in the rocky crust underneath the building raised over it; and which at times even propels it, witl 1 convulsive and vehement throbs, more than one foot al )ove the height of the spec tator, who stands on a raised floor, five feet higher than the lowest level of the sour. ? A central fire ! One must see the Sprudel to be a convert to that doctrine. In times of darkness and au perstition, man would have fallen prostrate before, and adored, this unquiet and relentless agent, which fills the atmosphere with hot vapours, and impetuously r merruns all the bounds by which art has vainly atten ipted to restrain its endless throes. _ The eagerness with whi ch the different people at Carlsbad, of both sexes, rush towards the Sprudel at six o'clock in i the mon r i ng , to partake o f i ts salu tary waters, is an nterestii ig si g ht. I n i ts appearance the motley throng is q tuite theatrical, and the many shaped and many • coloured cos t umes worn by them for a living illustration of geography. The multitudinous faces of which that throng consists — their divers mode of drinkii ig the hot mineral fluid—the various effects produced b 3 it on their countenances — the accumulation or sum to tel of individual cases of dis ease concentrated under one roof, among which the eyes of a medical man . qu iickly d etects not a f ew dis orders that are destroying their victim, and proclaim how vainly the Sprudel is I sad recourse to for a cure, or even a prolongation of life ;—all these things I saw and felt at my first visit to the Sprudel, more than I had yet done at any of the other sp as in Germany. It is the despondent, dejected, misanthropic, fidgety, pusillanimous, irritable, out ;rageous, morose, sulky, weak minded, whimsical, and oft en despairing hypochondriac —for he is all these, and f 3ach in turn, made so by con tinued indigestion, by ob. itinate and unremitting gout, by affection of the nerves of sympathy, and of the gas tric region, and by other active causes, that Carlsbad seems pre-eminently to far .our. Hence it is, that the living picture which every morning presents itself at the Sprudel, exhibits a large number of these unfortunate beings than I have seen c ongregated anywhere else, ex cept in the Hypodrome o F Constantinople, among the sallow and deathly Teriak ys. CHATSWORTH.—Th le grand conservatory is now being glazed. It is se, 'posed it will be finished this month. The Duke of Devc iil shire is expected here at the close of this week. A NEW PLEA FOR. A , PICKPOCKET.—If in a crowd you happen to feel a Ilan d which happens not to be your own, creeping into yo ur ' back pocket and striving to extract its contents, you able apt: ly turn round, don't you, and to Mr. William S o l tan, an El iglish medical gentleman of roar out, " Stop thi e f?" Tb ,la ' ,s a bad method. Just li s t en the Faubourg Poissoniere ,and he will tell you what you bad better do or, such an o ccusion. "On the 13th July," says the Doctor, " I was i n the Champs Elysees, looking at a mountebank at the mo mer,t be was warning the public against the enterprises of i sickpockets, and saying, ' Don't put your eyes, but put you r hands into your pockets.' I thought the advice good, and followed it, when I found that a strange hand had / ;ot before mine into my great coat pocket ; into which I ; isually put my silk handkerchief rolled up into a ball, in e rder to afford the least possible chance to such industri( ,us gentlemen as the one now standing before ye. Wi. about making any noise, I was content softly to expel the , prying hand, and turned about three quarters just to ascertain whom it belonged to. I said nothing more about it , but lost not sight of the gentle. man, who, mistaking my c omposure, must have taken me for a mighty great simple ;ton. But the moment I met a police-man I told him n iy story, and, approaching the gentleman, t a pp e d hi s she iulder, and said, ' Will you have the goodness to follow me to the police-office, as I wish to know your name, and wh. it you were just now doing in my pocket ?' My man was wo f u ll y di s t ur bed, and, wh en we had stationed hi m b etwee n f our f us ili ers , he attempt e d t o escape ; fortunately I amt so b a d runn er, and I apprehended him once more." Th e prisone r is a very pretty littl e _ =l m i s a ssosommiromin ,„ I cording to his account it ;is Mr. Soltan's jealously which which has created young man, twenty-four years old, named Arnould. Ac- A " CURIOUS COINCIDENCE." —A circum i stance has lately come to our knowledge, a great deal of talk in the quarter of the country in which it has occurred. Our readers will, no doubt, recollect the ?tor hay drawn upon him th is vile affair, the lady whose arm I eye to follow and look s ,t her rather closely. Unluckily ! the doctor had under his arm having enticed him with her and the tribunal sentences him to particulars connected !years 41 gaol for theft, marZoch, Aberlour, was charged with the murder of ' a p with the case, tried at our Circuit fascinating M. I krnould, he has already been two Court in October last, when John Stewart, farmer, Clash- - son of •the name of Middleton, from Belrinnes. He was, er I THE SAMSON S ;TEAM-BOAT.— This vessel, to imprisonment in Banff gaol for eighteen ' day afternoon last (as _iis to enjoy five years of : curveillance.—Paris Print. it will b.e remembered,. convicted of culpable homicide, ant! ; which was nearly destroyed by fire off Gravesend on Sun sentencedstated in The Sun of Monday), two black cows, of the Aberdeenshire I lies in deep weer off R osberville Pier, and it is expected to the unhappy prisoner, have lately given :it will be a work of som e days before her remains can be breed, r months.ee d, belonging NNew, w , birth to two pure white calves, which is the more remark. (rot up. She is the pi .operty of the Thames Steam-boat able from the circumstance ce9f their re p ute d papa also I Towing Company, o f a ' bout on e hundred tons burden, an d being of the " inky hue." This " curious coincidence" I forty-horse power, 'I 'he fi re we understand to haie has been taken up by the old women and country gossip: I originated in consequence of some old ropes and chips, i which had been pl ace d a as lle a g having ignited. The , on the top of the boilers to d r y, c e e d rt h a a i r n d i c n a d s i e ca i t:o e n x o e f i tit:: gorwenaetre'sonitriecnecnecei;n and be- having I damage is estimated at several I half in consequence. —Aberdeen Constitutional. I hundred pounds. i MORE TORY BRIBERY AT CAMBRIDGE. On Monday at Nisi Prius Court a second case of bribery on the part of Mr. Samuel Long, came before the Mayor, Mr. Alderman FOSTER, Mr. Alderman HUMPHREY, &C. William Marsh, being sworn, deposed to Long's at tempt to bribe him. "On Wednesday I went to Gold -street to fix a clock, and left for my own house at a few minutes after one, and met Mr. Long close by the wall of Eden Chapel. Mr. Oliver was standing at his door, and crossed over, and we all three conversed together. Long invited me home to his house to take a glass of wine with him. I went, leaving Mr. Oliver. We went into the front room of Mr. Long's house, and Long produced part of a bottle of port wine, and we had a glass of wine each. Long inquired if I had yet promised my vote. I replied no, I had not ; when he said, if I would promise to vote for Mr. Sutton, he would give me ten sovereigns, on condition that I would agree to give him one back for himself. He held out the ten sovereigns as an allurement for me to vote, saying it mattered very little to a poor man, and the money would be of more use than my vote ; and if I would take that, he would do more for me another time. My answer was, I could not conscientiously take the money ; I have not taken the money. I resolved not to do so. I then went away. Mr. Long called again on the Thursday or Friday morning, but no con versation took place, as persons were with me ; nor has he spoken to me since on the subject." After the deposition of Charlotte Smith, the female who called at Long's house whilst Marsh was there, in another room, Attornies on both sides were heard, when the Magistrates determined to hold the prisoner to bail, to appear at the sessions, himself in 1001., and two sureties in 1001. each. Bail was immediately offered by Mr. Edward Cory, of Benett•street, and Mr. Henry Foreman, college butler. A conversation then took place between Mr. Can non, Mr. Rance, and the Bench, as to the right of retaining the cash found upon the defendant, as well as a book, and some papers, which were not put in evi dence. It was ultimately settled that the cash should be delivered up to the defendant's attorney, and that the book and papers should be retained. NONSENSE. ( Frem the Monthly Magazine for September. ) Nonsense is only sense made easy : i: is the first faint twinklings of the just-lighted intelligence and simplest inklings of thought o f b a b es an d suc kli ngs (Sir John includd) ; wisdom in short sentences made up of words of easy syllables. It is very popular among the few wise who teach it to the many foolish ; but they are slow to learn. The growing intellect of the age takes to it, and is gettin. , on extremely well with it ; its Primer is between all sorts of thumbs. The heaviest writers of it are your political economists ; but, what with their excessive collocation of words, and their mis takes in the terms of their science, (which, they ac knowledge, are not yet thoroughly defined), they make Nonsense hard to understand, and are doing their best to render it dull and disagreeable. Patriots, and loyal men to themselves, dole it out column after column, and it is accurately reported, and reads smoothly, elo quently. It sells well, and sometimes reaches a second edi tion, done up in 3 vols. crown Bvo., price 1/. l ls. 6d. ; but if you would make a stir with it, you must get a Lord or a Lady to adopt it as their own, and put their title in the title-page, which some of your Lords and Ladies are poor enough to do " for a consideration." Then " How the wit brightens, and the sense refines!" Phrenologists fumble and feel about your head with their fingers, and fall into the happiest vein of it immediately ; the examinants meanwhile listen with much awe to the Brummagem Greek and Water-lane Latin of the phre nologic nomenclature. The Homoeopathists talk it, write it, prescribe it ; and it tells and sells. - Nonsense writeth much, and readeth much ; though newspaper columns are crowded, and all their space is occupied, editors find room for him, and all the papers are bespoken a hundred deep. Some of your critics write it, and are not severe upon themselves ; but they affect not to understand what the authors they review mean by it. Some of your authors indite it, when they are in the vein ; and in the moment of inspiration, if they feel that they have been more than commonly happy, they sometimes throw down their pens with an air, fall back in their chairs, give their nostrils a pinch of " thirty-seven" each, rap their snuff-boxes fiat on their tables with a satisfactory report, and cry " That's fine !" or " Delightful !" or " Beautiful, by Gosh !" or "by Gomb !"—an old Catholic saint, whom your well read writers sometimes swear by. Nonsense speaketh much, and very wisely ; for he speaketh advisedly, and is listened to with profound attention, " the rapt soul sitting in the eyes" of his hearers. He is indefatigable in Parliament. He moveth the address—he secondeth the motion—he divideth upon the motion—he taketh the sense of the House—he moveth the previous ques tion—ha explaineth across the table—he covereth the floor of the House with petitions as with rushes—he readeth them—he enlargeth upon their grievances —he bath no confidence in Ministers—he moveth for a new writ for the borough of --, the late Member having accepted the Chiltern Hundreds of a certain Barebones Parliament (which we shall not more parti cularly describe, for very fear of committing a breach of privilesre, and getting ourselves called up to the bar of that House from which no reprehended person returns) —he expatiateth upon the incorruptibility of the said Member, and sitteth down exhausted, amid loud cries of " Hear ! hear !" Nonsense is sometimes serious ; and then he putteth away twenty quarto leaves of imitated manuscript, in a dark cover, into a black coat packet, and walketh into a church, and along the aisle, and into a pulpit ; and his hair is parted We ley-wise, and his little fingers are adorned with many rings, and his band is clear-starched, and his white cambric sendeth up a pleasing savour, and he readeth the imitative writing, and he expoundeth the Hebrew of the Old and the Greek of the New to 'Squire Acres and a congregation of two hundred tenants and their clod-hoppers ; and they are amazed, and boast their curate as " the most learnedst man of those parts," and the 'Squire dines him, and perhaps drenches him, and sees a bishop in him. When Non sense taketh orders, besides growing pedantic. he be cometh priggish. He calleth his Maker " Gad I" and he speaketh of St. Paul as " an apostle of no mean celebrity l" All hail to thee, great Nonsense ! best sense—best understood—though some poor fools affect thee not ! Chief orator of that old Parliament convened at Babel— bail ! Only undying one—immortal Nonsense— hail ! Universal Nonsense—welcome! " Room, there, for my Lord !" The Speaker of the new House salutes thee—shakes hands with thee—congratulates thee that thou art returned member for that great borough the World, and representest that large constituency, the foolish sons of men ! He loveth to hear thee volubly discoursing—hateth to have thee hindered —and loudly calleth the rising Common Sense to order when he in terposeth an interruption. He is never weary of hearken ing to thee—thinks thee great on small occasions— eloquent on all. Wise men admire thy flowery fluency, and doat upon thy periods, well turned. Dullards de liberate on the double-distilled droppings of thy melli fluous mouth, and deem them sweeter than the delicious honey. The wisest sons of Sense wish they had thy folly, and love to listen to the lively jingling of the bells noddi ng a b out t h y ears, " most musical—not me lancholy." Great men feel small in thy presence, and vainly try to ape thy winning ways. This wise world is governed by thee when thou art gravest, amused by thee when thou art anticly disposed, and pardoneth readily thy comical capriccios. Fools only hate thee and deny thy too-provoking powers ! Great governor of states and empires, and all the pomps and vanities of men— grave Nonsense—hail ! " Your Lordship's right wel come back to Denmark !" NONSENSE, only relation—(a nephew)—of SENSE, that old infallible—not of Rome, but of the world— who, good papa, cannot forego that almost-virtuous vice of popes, nepotism, and intends nothing less than to load thee with all the good things he can lay hands upon—places of honour, in which peculation is a perqui site—places of trust, in which there are many private golden keys—NONSENSE, great negative, I honour thee ; and if ever thou shouldest rise to thy good uncle's chair, and be pontiff of this foolish world, come to it, sweet cardinal (the eighth cardinal Virtue), by no other style and title than NONSENSE, the last and best of all the INNOCENTS ; and if no one else will kiss thy toe, claim thou of me that proud humility and Catholic condescension. THE LAKEs.—_For some time past, the several excellent inns on the margin of Windermere, the " Queen of English Lakes," have been thronged with fashionable visitors, notwithstanding the unfavourableness of the weather. The inns at the head and foot of Ullswater have lately been crowded with tourists, who have chosen this romantic spot for a temporary sojourn. —Kendal Mer cury. FATAL ACCIDENT ON THE RIVER.—A few evenings since a young man of respectable family and con. nections, named James Wraith, the fore-cabin steward of the Castor, French steam-ship, lying off the Tower, was passing from the Emerald steamer to his own vessel, when he slipped between the two, and struck his head violently against the side of one of them, which stunned him, end he was precipitated into the water, and although immediate assistance was ren dered Le disappeared under the tier before any one could reach him, and was drowned. The body was not recovered until Saturday afternoon, when it was picked up near Wapping Old-stairs by a waterman, and removed to the dead-house, where it awaits the Coroner's inquest. Soon after the body of Wraith was found, that of a boy about 16 years of age, attired in a blue jacket and waist coat, corduroy trousers, white shirt, chequered neckcloth, and lace-up boots, was picked up near to the same spot by a seaman named Payne, and removed to the mine place. The lad is unknown, and he appeared to have been in the water several days. A young European, as a Constantinople letter states, has recently carried off the moat beautiful of the shaves in the harem of the Sultana Esme. The female fugitive took with her jewels belonging to her mistress worth a million of francs. They have not been traced, but if found will inevitably be put to death. HARVEST IN SCOTLAND. NORTH BERWICK, AUG. 29.—Harvest commenced this day on the farm of North Berwick Abbey, belong ing to Andrew Richardson, Esq., in a field of very supe rior Chevalier barley. Also, harvest commenced to-day on the farm of Robert Walker, Esq., Denegate, parish of Dirleton. The crops of grain in this neighbourhood are everywhere abundant, and harvest will be general next week. The crops of turnips and potatoes also have a most promising appearance. MONTROSE.--A field of barley was cut down, on Tuesday last, on the farm of Muirside of Craigo, parish of Logic Pert ; and barley harvest commenced in the North Links on Wednesday, and will be pretty general in this neighbourhood in the early part of the ensuing week. A good deal of rain has fallen within the last few days, otherwise the sickle and scythe would already have been in active operation. SPEYSIDE.—The crops along the Spey, on both sides, are rapidly advancing towards maturity ; and we have never seen the fields present a more beautiful prospect of an abundant harvest than they do at pre sent. Two weeks of warm, sunny weather would make harvest general, with constant work. Barley will be a superior crop, both as to quantity and quality. With favourable weather, the wheat will also be very fine ; it is well filled, and quite free from smut, rust, and all other diseases incident to that grain. Oats will be a very excellent crop. Mr. Geddes, Orbliston, has two very fine fields of this grain almost ready for cutting. Turnips have a healthy, luxuriant appearance, and pro mise an abundant crop. In fact, nothing is wanted but calm, sunny weather, to crown the farmer's toils with an abundant reward, and relieve the heavy pressure on the country by the deficiency of last year's crops. EDINSURIIII.—The weather during this week has been very favourable for the operations of the harvest, for though we have had some showers, they were not such as to interrupt the work of the reaper for any time, and we believe they have been partial in extent. Shear ing has been going on in various parts of the three Lo thians ; at East Linton, harvest will be general this week, and the crops look extremely well there. In East Lothian there will be fully an average crop, except the beans, which are deficient both in straw and corn. In the Haddington market on Friday last, a farmer from Dunbar showed a sample of perfectly ripe and well-filled oats, which he was offering for sale.—Caledonian Mer cury. ANSTBUTHER.—Harvest commenced here on the 15th instant, with a field of about eight acres of very fine Russian barley, imported during last winter. This field has attracted very general notice since it appeared above ground. It took the start of every other descrip tion of barley, and kept it, and is a very good crop, about 12 bolls per acre. It belongs to Mr. Gosman, farmer, Anstruther. KELso.—The crops of every description look excel lent, and promise an abundant return. The potatoe crop, in particular, upon which the poorer classes so much depend, never looked better, the tubers being large and mealy. They are now selling so low as 2d. per cap.—Chronicle. AmstuitE.—The harvest may be said to have been fairly commenced, at least in particular localities of this county. Several fields of barley have been cut down, and in one or two instances oats have already fallen before the sickle. The weather, alternately shower and sunshine, is not so propitious as we could wish, still we believe the crops are likely to exceed expec tation. INVERNES3.—A considerable quantity of rain has fallen in the north within the last three or four days. Several fields of barley are already cut down, but the great bulk of the harvest is, of course, yet unreaped, and much depends on the weather at this critical period. On the 24th curt. shearing was going forward in Bade noch, when a rich field of barley belonging to Mr. Allan Macpherson, Kingussie, was cut down. Mr. Macpher son, post-master there, has a field in the same forward state. DR.. BOW RING'S MISSION TO BERLIN. Dr. Bowring, so distinguished as an advocate of the principles of free trade, has been sent to Prussia to be present at a meeting of representatives from the principal States comprised within the German Commer cial League. His chief object, we understand, will be to endeavour to effect an alteration in the mode of levying the duty upon our manufactures, with a view to its reduction. Goods entering the territory of the League are subjected to duties, calculated upon the weight, the rates of which were fixed many years ago, when the value of British manufactures bore a much higher proportion to their weight than at present. The tariff is consequently now found to be prohibitory on many articles which formerly paid a very moderate im port duty. The object of Dr. Bowring will be to en deavour to persuade the Germans to levy their duties upon an ad valorem principle, and to reduce them to the moderate rates originally imposed for the purpose of revenue, and not protection. In the mean time, however, these prohibitory duties, upon foreign commodities have encouraged a great increase of manufactures within the territory of the League. Saxony in particular has become famous for it cottons, woollens, and silks ; whilst in the immediate vicinity of the coal and iron beds of Rhenish Prussia a rapid extension of the manufacture of hardware has taken place. These manufacturing districts will now naturally resist any reduction of the tariff. But on the other hand the great bulk of the population of Germany are agricul turists. The Prussian territory bordering on the Baltic, and those provin ces f ormer l y compr i se d in the king dom of Poland, depend wholly upon the raw produc tions of the soil, timber and corn forming their staple exports. The people of Wirtemberg, Bavaria, Baden, and of several of the smaller States of the Union are almost exclusively agriculturists. These countries are eager to extend their commerce with England, and they have a preponderating voice in the councils of the League, and can control our trade with twenty-six millions of the richest and most industrious people of the Continent. We have the authority of one of our Cabinet Ministers for stating that they are as anxious to exchange their corn, cattle, timber, &c., for British manufactures, as we are to dispose of our cottons and hardwares to them. Their Government and people are equally desirous of carrying out the benefits of a reci procal commerce with this country. There can be no doubt that Dr. Bowring will be met in precisely the same manner as his predecessor was by the intelligent and liberal statesmen of Ger many. " Cast out the beam that is in your own eye, before you come here to remove the mote from ours." Such will very naturally be the reply which our repre sentative will receive from the diplomatists at Berlin. With the recent vote of our House of Commons against even an inquiry into the injurious effects of our Corn-law upon trade with Germany, still fresh in the memory of the people of that country, how can it be hoped that Dr. Bowring will accomplish the ob ject of his mission We look upon the attempt, even, as something bordering on national effrontery ; and we feel compassion for an able and honest man who has been selected for such a hopeless and unrea sonable task. The chief service our representative can render us is by explaining, as we have confidence he will do to the Germans, that the British people are an xious to trade with them, but that our aristocracy, too powerful for a time even for the Government and people to resist, is the temporary obstacle to our intercourse with them. There is one other service that Dr. Bowring can effect. On his return to England he will doubtless be prepared with a report similar to those he published after visiting France, Switzerland, and Italy, in which, we trust, he will lay before his countrymen, in a popular and fearless manner, all the information he may acquire illustrative of the injurious influence of our Corn-laws.—Corn-law Circular. CASE OF MR. wILLmoTr AND MR. MONTAGUE. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SIR,—In the report of this case before the Lord Mayor, contained amongst the Police Intelligence in your Journal of this day, it is stated that Mr. Rolls, the Floor-cloth Manufacturer, having received a friendly caution from a gentleman with regard to Mr. Willmott, made the representation to the parties which gave rise to the proceedings contained in your report. Now as there are two floor-cloth manufacturers of the name of Rolls, and I was formerly in partnership with Mrs Josiah Rolls i n t h e Old K ent - roa d, I thi n k it right mos I distinctly to state that the representation in question was not made by me, that I never had the slightest connec tion or acquaintance whatever either with Mr. Willmott or Mr. Montague, and that I have never been in their company, and am not the party to whom the caution alluded to was given. Your insertion of this communication will oblige, Sir, your obedient servant, JAMES ROLLS, Floor-cloth manufacturer, Kennington-lane Sept. 2, 1839. THE UNITED SERVICE JOURNAL AND NA VAI, AND MILITARY GAZETTE FOR SEPT.—This periodi ca l , the contents of which are always o f va l ue, Possesses, this mo nth many claims upon our notice. The science of naval so l ong neglected in th e serv i ce, has latterly be come rominent object of so li c i tude, and the attention gpaufidn ar t eY o i P : must be productive of the most beneficial results. The article in the Magazine which examines this question i s very ably written. Lieutenant Nelson, of the Royal Engineers, has contributed a very good view of the consti tution and system of education of the Prussian army, and the Notices of the Cape of Good Hope under the govern ment of Sir G. Napier, by Major Charteris of the Royal Artillery, are written in a tone of great fairness and impar tiality. The article on the Coast Blockade Service is very good, and the" Memoirs of Edward Costello," already well known to the readers of the Journal, are as full of spi rit and interest as ever. Nor are the " Passages in the Life of a Sailor" less entertaining. " The Expedition to the Quorra," and " The Account of St. Helena in 1838," are also well described ; and Major Tulloch's " Report on ti,e Health of the Troops in our Colonial Possessions," is a document of considerable value and importance The number is altogether an excellent one.—Morning _Herald. EVENING -EDITION. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. LLOYD'S. DEAL, SEPT. 2.—Wind S. S. W. squally.—Arrived, the Pasland, M'Clure, from the Mauritius; W. S. Hamilton, Brown, Singapore ; Glenbervie, King, Sydney, New South Wales; Enterprise, Pidgeon, Africa; Ratcliffe, Honey, West Indies. Sailed, the British Queen, steamer, Roberts, New York. Put back, Janet, Willis. LIVERPOOL, SEPT. 2 —Wind S. W. fresh.—Arrived, the Camnens, Wilson, from Nassau ; Brothers, Gordon, Pictou; Brilliant, Jamaica ; Wasp, Archangel ; Tregartha, Se ville; Sphinx, Luscombe, Gibraltar. Sailed, the Balfour, Forster, Bombay ; Conner, Huntress, Valparaiso ; Pick wick, Splatt, Rio Janeiro; Vesper, Black, Pernambuco. PORTSMOUTH, SETT. 3. —Wind, S.W. to W. S.W., strong breezes, and squally.—Arrived the Alice, Mittimore, from Virginia ; Merlin, Thomson, Batavia, sailed 28th of April. PLYMOUTH, SEPT. 1 . —Wind, S. W., strong breeze. FALMOUTH, SEPT. I.—Wind, W. S. W., strong gales and heavy squalls. _ DOVER, SEPT. 2.—Off port, the Pasland, Tait, Sydney, New South Wales, sailed April 23 ; Martin, Mail, Rio Jairiro ; Atalanta, Mohrbutter, St Croix. _ . MARGATE, SEPT. 2.—Arrived off, Toronto, Grieswold , from New York. MILFORD, SEPT. 1 AND 2.—Blowing a gale, with squalls, at S W. CORK, AUQ. 31. Arrived the Aqua Forte, Winsor, from Nvwfoundland. SUNDERLAND, SEPT I.—Arrived the Thomas, Spain, from Quebec; Hipsa, Brown, ditto. VESSELS SPOKEN WITIL-The Lelia, of Galway, bound to New York, 15th ult., Ist. 41, long. 42; Liverpool, from Liverpool to Charli ston, 26th ult., lat. 48, lon. 13; Eliza Ann, of Boston, bound westward, same day, by the Brightman, Nickels, arrived in tie River ; Bellona, Ji r,ey to Lakrador, and Fox, Cadiz to Newfoundland , 14th ult., lat. 46, lon 34. by the Emma; Thomas arrived is the Ckde ; Patriot, Lisbon to Newfoundland, 4th ult., lat. 48, 1.,n. 50, by the Rival, MiNeill, arrived at New foundland ; Georgiana, London to the Cape of Good Hope, 18th June, lat. 31 South lon, 17 East, Ro bert le Ehable, Sehesque, from Nantes and Brandon, Jay, Liverpool to Valparaiso, lat. 12 N., lon. 25 W. ; Eendr Lgt. Le Jong, Havanna to Amsterdam, 19th ult., lat. 49, lon. 24, by the Admiral Jan Evertsen, arrived in the Texel • Mandarin, Batavia to Falmouth, sth June, lat. 32 32 E; Claudius, Havre to Calcutta, 16th, lat. 9. lon. 24 ; Asia, Havre to South Seas, 17th, lat. 10, lon. 25 : Cassida, Boston to Monte Video, 11th ult., lat. 6, lon. 38, by the Thos. Blyth, Cowley, arrived in the River; St. Clement, of and from Dundee, out 19 days, lat. 70, lon. 36 E. ; Henrick, bound to Leghorn, 16th ult., lat. 68, lon. 6, by the Lapwing, Frost, arrived off Peterhead; Keldy Castle, Smith, Quebec to Hull, 13th, lat 58, lon. 28, by the Symmetry, Allan, arrived at Sunderland ; Mentor, of and from Hull, 13th, lat. 52, lon. 32, by the Dorothy, Fleming, arrived in the Leith Roads; George Canning, Wynn, London to Bombay. July 22, lat. 13 N. lon. 26, by the Elizabeth Anthonia, Veer, arrived in the Downs; Poland, St. Thomas to Monte Video, July 13, lat. 8 N., long. 27, by the Mary, Imrie, arrived in the River. THE MARKETS. COUNTRY CORN MARKETS. CHELMSFORD MARKET. Wheat, White 66 to 74 Oats Red Barley Cheralier .... ... 38 43 Beans, Tick '6 a l Grinding CANTEBBURI MARKET. Wheat, white.---.... 72s.ato 755. .r,.,. Old---... 703. to 178. red--- 675. to —s. Old---.. Gds. to 70s, Barley, Malting —s. to —5..,,,,,,, Grinding.. —s. to .....S. Oats - 265. to 325. Beans ... —s, to —5. i..—,.. Old---- 365. to 40s. Pease ----.. —s. to —s. Grey.......... —B. to 375. IRISH MARKETS. DUBLIN MARKET NOTE for the WEEK ending AUG. 20. From . To 4,0'1 Wheat, per barrel 20 stone 3O 0146 0 7.7;6 Here l6 stone l5 0 14 6 0 Barley 3,782 Oats ".. Flour, per cwt.... 8 st.iiie — 0 0 985 Oatmeal ....-- 8 stone l5 6 18 0 Sold to Bakers only. 6,201 Cwt. Flour 22 0 25 6 1 , 24 4 Average price of Wheat and Flour 655. 4,1. per sack. _., Receipts of Flour, .11,743 Firsts from 2'2s. Od. to 255. Od. Sales of Do. 18,003 Seconds from 19s. Od. to 225. a _ Thirds from 10s. Od. to 128 a A voraae. 43 13 it - 0 17 3 - 0 10 8 PRICE OF BREAD. Quartern Loaf 1054 d. 1 Half Quartern 5U,cl CORK 51 A RKETS.—August 31. Od Wheat (per `-'.:',st.'3‘ls 6d. to 375. Odd Oats (per 14st) ...13s. 361. to 163.„ Harley (per 165t.)14 0 IS 6 IFlour (per cwt )...16 0 24 Oatmeal (per cwt.) 12s. od. to la'. 6d. Beef, 4d. to 7d.— 314.tt0n, sd. to 6 d.—Veal, 4d to 6d. Fork, 40. co &I.—Fresh Butter, 10d. to Ild. per lb. PRICE OP RITTER. To the County! ~ 76' ~ 73 ~ es • To the Merchants. First Quality Bss. _ Second g • 2 Third Fourth Fifth Sixth CLONNIELL MARKETS.—August 31. Per Cwt s. d. s. d. New Butter SS oto 90 0 Oatmeal 1•2 0 12 3 Rendered Lard 0 52 0 .. , 5 . d. Hides (raw) 2 : 0 to o 40 t il ) 1 Bacon Pigs 7 88 Heads Pr; Bag. Flour, Second 0 44 0 I tqour, Thirds ..... 0 32 g —Household.-- 0 42 of Fourths - Per Barrel. 0 Harley .13 0 14 0 10 0 f Coa!s 0 Rapeseed 20 0 Bere 8 4 KILKENNY MARKETS. wheat,per barrel):3os. Od.to 275. Od. Beef (per 1b..., Os. Od. to Os. Cd. Barley 10 0 22 0 Mutton 0 5 0 6 Oats. 12 6 14 6 Pork Flour (per bag)....31' 0 411 0 Veal 0 0 0 7 Butter (percwt.)...9o 0 98 0 Fresh Butter 0 0 1 0 Bacon Pigs 35 0 36 0 halt Ditto Coals 1 0 1 2 Potatoes (per st.) 0 2 0 3 A_l._N ; MARKETS. H M o ag is d te e i b n urgh 18-0 to 2-1:4 Barley, Mecklenbur g h 180 to 204 ---- Summer 174 to 185 Oats, Elder l2O to 135 Mecklenburg ... 126 to 11 1 Holstein l5O to 17 3 8 East Frie•land I2U 1 0 i n Pease, Mecklenburg Beans — to Buck Wheat — to Rapeseed, Hanover Nlalt Tares - to -- 'ON. Maranham Madras Surats Domingo FEE. s to 9 2' 1 7 . 7* 4N to 5% 64 5 5% % tJ Domingo La Guayra. Porto Rico Havannah 1 8% Discount.) Bahia, White 7% to'M Brown 53% sli Pernambuco, White 7 rj Brown 5 '7' I, 5% to SN. HAMBUR GR. Wheat, Marks 426 to - Magdeburg Anhalt, white 444 to 45i5 -- red 42 , i to 48f - Brunswick 426 to 474 - Mecklenburg 390 to 47- Polish 3NI to 47i Holstein Rye, Mecklenburg - Danzig. '2o4 to 228 Elb ing and Ko nigsberg - Upland - Riga 2lO to 2 Cori Carolina and Tennessee 7%t0 914 Georgia. Ist sort 9 9% 941 B% 1) 3d and 4th CO'Fi Mocha 9 to Mi Batavia Sumatra Rio 4%; 5% Bahia 4% 5 , 4 SUGAR.—(Wit! Havannah, White Brown sy, 5% Rio, White 6 7 Brown Manilla, 13rov THE NEW POLICE AT THE THEATRES IN SURREY.—Ever since the establishment of the different Theatres on the Surrey side ofthe water, persons have been appointed by the proprietors to act in and out of thos e places of amusement as constables, and they have accord• ingly been sworn in by th e M ag i strates o f Union-hail a s constables, with the power to quell disturbances, ta ke charges, &c. The New Police Act having abolished the ancient office of constable, the duties of these special con stables ceased yesterday, and in their place some of the metropolitan constables of the A division of police wer e sent, and performed the dutl last night, much to the gra tification of many of the inhabitants, as the approaches t° the theatres, which have hitherto been crowded by prosti tutes and thieves, were kept clear. To RECOVER DAMAGED HAY.—Let every stack suspected of injury be immediately opened for fresh air, and re.stacked with clean agricultural salt, sprinkled. regularly over every layer in its progress, at the rate nt from ten to twenty-five pounds per ton. By this means' hay is infinitely increased in its value—the benefit to till' ) stack amply repaying the expense and trouble.-Essex Herald. SECOND-HAND SILVER WATCHES A variety of some dozens may be selected from, price Two Guinea,: each ; some rather more modern, Two and a Half Guineas each ; and an assortment quite equal to new, T bre. Guineas each. The whole have been carefully examined, and are warranted. T. COX SAVORY, Watchmaker, 47, Cornhill, London ( Seven doors from Grace church-street). N.B. Second-hand Watches purchased in exchange. SHEFFIELD PLATED WINE COOLERS' A. B. SAVORY and SONS, Manufacturing Silversmith"; • 14, Cornhill, London (opposite the Bank of England), hav P 4. choice in their warerooms a Selection of PLAIN and OFO! MENTAL ICE PAILS, to which they wish to direct atteot t on- The price of the Plain Tub-pail (now much in use), J. 0 " the pair; the Classic Va se ( very neat), 10/. Bs. the nair ; the in Victoria Pattern, 151. th e pair ; the Dresden Cooler' 19/. the pair, &c., all of whi c.. are strongly mounted with Silver, 30 i hare Silver Shields for Engraving the Cres`• or Coat of Armes A pamphlet i s pu bli shed, with drawings, of the above an d other articles of plate generally, which may be had on applica tion, free of cost. BIRTHS'. On the 29th ult., at Pierreiriont, Isle of Thanet, the Ls.d.r Frances Fletcher, of a daughter. On the Ist inst. at Leamington, Warwickshire, the lady 0f Captain Thomas Martin, R.N., of a son. On the 27th alt., at Cheshunt, the lady of Charles Adamson' Esq., of a son. On the 2d inst., at Richmond, Surrey, the lady of Thomas Dowler, Esq., M.D., of a son. On the 3d inst., at the Cottage, Wimbledon, the lady of George Hankey, Esq., of a son. MARRIED. On the 31st ult., Richard Edward Turner, of the boner Temple, E s q., t o F rances, w id ow of the late James 'B'urn'er, 0f Powis-place, Esq. On the 31st ult., at Trinity Church, Brcmp. on , John Dan 4 gerfield, Esq., of Suffolk-street, Pall-Mall-east, anal of Con naught-square. to Frances Susanna, youngest daughter of the late Walter Trevelyan, Eaq., of IN etherwitton-hall, Northunl berland, and granddaughter of the late Sir George Trevelyso. Bart. On the 31st ult., at St. Edmund-the-King, Lombard-lt reet ' George Warriner, Esq., of the George and Vulture Taveri'' Cornhill, to Mary, only daughter of the late T. G. Frith, Flq" of the Commercial-road-east. On the 31st ult., at Sowerby, Yorkshire, William Henry Kifchingman, to Elizabeth, only daughter of Captain W. ". %Vara, IL N. D IE I). On the Ist inst., Eliza, wife of Joh n G eorge Child re n, Esq ., of the British Museum. On the Ist inst, William Reid, eldest son of John Inn"' Esq., Kensington-square. On the 2d inst., Mr. Daniel Hawkins, of Bishopsgate - st reet ' aged 67. On the 2d inst., at Croom's-hill, Greenwich, Mary, wic l°°l of the late Vice-Admiral Christopher Mason, aged 90. London : Printed and Vol li i h e d b y MURDO YOII-• •P No. 112, Strand, it Me Sins Ottce, No, 119. St r and. in 1 1139. the county of Middlesex.—Wednesd a y, S e ptember 4, ,44 dißc i rei!„rl