The Sun. — London, England, 1839-02-05 00:00:00

COURT CIRCULAR. aft er 413.tt held a Court and Privy Council at two o'clock yesterday at the New Palace, lot, The Connell was attended by the Lord President, the Lord Chancel ' Lord Privy Seal, the First Lord of the Treasury, the Secreta ries of State f or th e Home, Foreign, and Colonial Depat tmeats, the C hancellor of the Exchequer, the First Lord of the Admiralty, the r esident of the I n di a Board, the Chance ll or o f t h e D u chy of Lancas ter, the President of the Board of Trade, the Secretary at War, the Lord Steward, the Lord Chamberlain, and the Master of the Horse. At the Council her Majesty's Speech, on opening the Session of Par. 'lament this day, was arranged and agreed upon. The Roll of Sheriffs was submitted to tho Queen, and her Majesty Pricked the list for the Sheriffs for the present year. 4 now Seal for the C , tut of Queen's Bench, a new Great Seal for Ireland, a new Seal for the Court of Exchequer in Scotland, a new ' l e a! fbr th e C ourt of Queen's Bench in Ireland, a new Pr i vy S ea l f or prouncileland, and some Col o ni a l S ea l s , we re submitted to her Majesty in ~ and were approved of. Ifr_A number of reports of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council W .! 2 PPro'Ved of. A C. Greville was the Clerk of the Council in Waiting. hadAththe C ourt S i r James Rivett Carnac, Bart., G overno r o f Bombay, 11 audience of leave on going to Bombay. Sir James was in. trod uced to her Majtaiy by Sir John Hobhouse, President of the India Board. Me boo gave audiences to the Marquis of Lansdowne, V iscount The Court Earl of Mi n t ° , Lord Holland, and the Earl of Albem arle. Li 4 oe Cou r t w as attended by Lady Barham, Lady in Waiting; Lord f 1 4 , er di Lord in Waiting; Lord Hill, Gold Stick in Waiting ; Ri g ht 0... n• Ge orge Stevens Byn, Comptroller of the Household; Sir Robert 7 r aY, Groom in Waiting • and Colonel Wemyss, hquerry in Waiting, l a n tg. h t e o Q w u it e n e e n a ho t n h o c ured Drury-lane Theatre with her presence last even. of Guillaume Tell. Her Majesty was a ll t ,:: c . d o e i d on h e Y l the Marchioness of Tavistock, Hon. Miss Murray, Lady „ la let r, - `ei Lord Lilford, Hon. C. A. Murray, Sir Robert Otway, Full dress dinner parties were given last evening, by Viscount Mel_ bourn party of Peers, and by Lord John Russell to a nume_ g e e mbers of the House of Commons. The Queen's speech r :,: r P e arTy a o t. la m r T he dinner the Noble Hosts to their respective guests. . 4buo dumer of Viscount Melbourne was given at his official residence qui se wili ng -street, to the Lord Chancellor, the Duke of Argyll, Mar. Lansdowne, Conyngham, and Breadalbane, Earls Minto, Al. c ow "e• Ilchester, Lichfield, Erroll, Fingal!, Lovelace, Fitzwilliam, h ol r a er ; Viscounts Duncannon, Falkland, Torrington; Lords Glenelg, „", Foley, Byron, Gardner, Hatherton, Vernon, Segrave, Ber t. i'it;loontford, and Suffield ; the Hon. William Cowper, and Mr. G. Lehi an.. nun Russell's dinner was given at the Foreign-office. The seynyesluded the Speaker, Viscount Palmerston, Lord Morpeth, Lord . Kea ° Uri Lord Dalmeny, Lord Alfred Paget, Sir Hussey Vivian, Sir . &, - " r Y P arnell, Sir John Hobhouse, Sir Thomas Troubridge, Sir Charles Th,: '; Sir George Grey, Right Hon. Right Hon. C. Poulett Soli c r n Bight Hon. George Stevens Byag, the Attorney-General, the SheiCLGeneral, Hon. Fox Maule, Col. Anson, Messrs. Labouchere, .1 Bern a l a, .gt niy • . Smith, C. Wood, Stewart, Parker, O'Fcrrall, and E. at thheeplili.nisters of the Conference had a meeting yesterday afternoon °re ign -office. fro k ?„ at ehes from Sir John Colborne, Governor of Lower Canada, and C ot ."'e Governor of Sierra Leone were received yesterday at the ~o e ee ", w ; ce • Cor nm t i 7ng was held yesterday afternoon at the Office of the Church T he n, in Whitehall-place. fro% 4 'ght Hon. Henry Goulburn has arrived at Mon ta g u House too Continent. THE THEATRES. Last • DRURY.LANE. Performed night, after the opera of Guillaume Tell, which was effectively but fed . , Mr. Van Amburgh's animals were not merely introduced, exh ib ,.. u Peo the stage, having previously gone through their accustomed her Lie n. Their behaviour on the occasion, however, by no means pii.ecte instead of killing to . u t the expectations of those who are accustomed to interpret the ,i,._gel's.h la nguage rather more rigidly than the composers of play .bills, their own supper before eating it, they were sup_ ci ere W ith a few pieces of beef, bearing strong evidence of the vicinity of bit 0 , i narket, and with the exception of a few stage growls, and a little r eel ; Private plunder one from the other, they exhibited as little " fe the "° I , the occasion as can be well imagined. Van Amburgh entered de ns during supper, b ut was mere l y a spec t a tor of, and not a partaker at, the f estive board. H er M a j es ty wa s present in a private box, and ueeQtime4 41rn buted to be mu c h p l ease d w i t h th e entertainments. Several well_ I,g misjudging persons attempted to get up a c all for the es ~.._ne , but th e great majority of the au di ence, thi n king her Majesty was re u u 11 entitled to enjoy her seclusion as any other lady, ve r y p ro p erl y ' u sed to sanction it. Thi 3 S7'. JAMES'S. pretty little theatre opened last evening under the lessee shi p of M r ' Hooper. On the rising of the curtain, " God save the Queen" was Der f With the wh o l e s t reng th of the company upon the stage. The b u ,.°l.M a nces commenced with the but letta of the Old M aid, which was Haltlin d ifferently played, save in the parts of Capta i n C a p e and Miss oWe t by T. F. Mathews and Mrs. Glover. The latte r lad y , on her first appearance, was not properly recognized by the audience; but her A fter Bit e acting was afterwards highly enjoyed and much appreciate d . the Old Maid, M. Taudevin's exhibition with the lions and othe r : liTn ala was brou g ht b e fore the house. The dens in which the beasts t han though in this theatre crossing the whole stage, are not larger ! i n (if so large as) those at Drury-lane. In the widest of the cage par 4tions (the only one in which M. Taudevin appeared—the ether being ° ectlpied by a tremendous lion, which only arrived from the Cape on Saturday last) there were two tigers, a jaguar, a leopard, a lioness, and a black tiger, the leopard and the black tiger being chained up on a sort of shell towards the top of the den. There were three other leopards and a lion spoken of in the bills, which were not brought forward. Only one of the Messieurs Taudevin entered the cage, the other having met with an accident and injured his leg, so as to compel a postponement of his appearance. He, however, made an interesting exhibition in one sense, by showing the tameness and tractability of his animals, and how he had acquired an influence over them, which seemed of a mere docile character than that of Van Am_ burgh, and to depend quite as much upon love as fear. He, in fact, coaxed more and mastered less than the lord of the Drury-lane mena gerie. He laid down in the cage, played with the tigers, made the lioness leap repeatedly through a hoop, and then over his back, and Went through a dangerous exhibition with calmness and self.possession. He did not, however, enter the den of the great lion from the Cape ; t a nd: being n e ith er so fine a man nor so graceful an ze•tor as Van so various and daring in his exploits with the " creatures of the forest," it would be unjust to put the two in comparison. Never ti,%leut even the exhibition of M. Taudevin is curious and wonderful. th ei nY' l hi state that he fed the beasts from the outside of the cage, but that rnen , t :ero,.; —FY did not seem to be much increased by the raw-1 eef allure_ Ross what interesting ceremony. After the lions, Love among t he w ere played pretty briskly, Dowton and Wrench (b oth of whom two we lt received) doing all the lively business. Mis s Tur p in san g waa imbued songs, " The rose that blooms," and " H o p e," but neither 'rami last,ed with the " melody which familiarises itself int o p o p ularit y ." she however, was pretty. The performances wound up with cePson and Co., ip which Hooper (the manager) came on to a warm notnPtiriot and acted cleverly. Of Dowton and Mrs. Glover we need ver y p retty, were as excellent as ever. Miss Jane Mordaunt is • r ettY, and has a good deal of tact and naivete, but she is too youthful_ ro to sustain the matrimonial characters allotted to her with the Pthepehr grave and matronly demeanour. Miss Williams did the little _ dto do remarkably well. The house was pretty full, but not crowded. ADELPHL -as drama entitled Jane Lomax, founded upon a popu lar novel. -as performed for the first time yesterday evening at this theatre ; a nd, thanks to the excellent acting of Mrs. Yates, and to the admirable ..toiiPiece itself, Scenery with which it w as represented, not less than to the merits of met with general approbation. The story, a lthou g h 4 °I-151 Y enough developed in the drama, is comprised in a few inci tnta• Diedriek H o ff man (Mr. Sanders), a Dutch merchant, residing f a Bri s t ol, having resolved to disinherit his nephew, Edmund Ruddock, or having made a foolish match, " all for love, not money," changes 'flint' on his de a th-b e d ; not only, as he says, for the purpose of It l justice to sister's son, but also to disappoint his partne r, Vander Sprecken, an d con fides his resolution to Janis Lomax 1 0 1 2 Yates), th e w i fe of hi s c l er k . J ane, smar ti ng under poverty, u im pelled by an extravagant desire to make her son, an in- La m of whom sh e i s pass i ona t e ly f on d, the possessor of unbounded zeialth, entertains th e cr i m i na l d es i gn of forging a will, and substituting h i . fi th e Place of that which the old merchant has made in favour of pll,n he se. This, with the aid of her husband (Mr. Lyon), is accom. hi — "eo. and Hoffinan dying, they become at once the possessors of a l l e states, real an d persona l . T wo y ea rs elapse Lomax, stung by remorse, all but betrays himself on several occasions, but for the ma nagement of his wif e, w h o, lik e ano ther Lady Macbeth, upbraids him for) hi s weakness, an d apo l og i ses f or him to his friends. Retributive jus tice, however, in the end takes its course. Incidental, or rather super numerary, to the drama, a Mr. and Mrs. Simon Molly. pop Spratt, per :Rated by Mr. Beverley and Mrs. Keeley, are introduced, whose maul_ onial squabbles afforded merriment. The piece was announced for l'ePetition amidst very general approbation . - REPARATIONS FOR THE COMMENCEMENT OF PA RLIAMENT.—For some days past workmen have been en f"Zed in the immediate neighbourhood of the Houses of Par ueiment, evidently preparing for the ensuing session. The toad in Palace-yard has been repaired, and fresh stones laid down, and levelled by the passing coaches and carriages, so that all may go on smoothly outside the Houses, at least. Whether such will be the case inside, yet remains to be seen, !Rd numbers there ai c most anxiously waiting to learn whether It will be so or not. There have been numerous other out- Ward and visible signs of the near approach of the session for some time past. The doors and some of the passages and entrances have been re-painted and cleansed, seats have been re-mended, and many other matte: s going on very characteristic of the commencing of business. The long gallery leading to pass this House of Lords, and through which her Majesty will this day in procession, has been fitted-up with b enc h es , fortl accommodation of those who obtain tickets from the Lord m nt d p ur Great Chamberlains Owing, however, to the great e and inconvenience arising from the crowds who gainedres s ad mittance on the last occasion, the number of tickets to be 'issued has been much limited. This arrangement resulted srom an interview with the Master of the Ceremonies with the authorities who have the command of the orders given to the Public for places inside the House and in the galleries that lead thereto. —Morning Advertiser. The Navigation and Port of London Committee have found it necessary to give orders to keep away the visitors of the shore at Half- way Reach, down the River, from the powder magazine, in consequence of the danger arising from Pipe and cigar smoking, which has been carried on, astonish ing as it may appear, at the very doors of the magazine. SUDDEN FALL OF THE TEVIOT.—The water in Teviot was on Monday morning much diminished at Max- Wellheugh Mill, and as this took place under similar circum stances to the more remarkable stoppage on the 27th of No vember last, there can be no doubt that frost. was the agent in both. H ow , it operates may admit of some discussion, but one mode mode is sufficiently evident—the ve r y loose floating ice, "grew," which was plentiful in b oth cases, helps to fill up the caulds or wears across the river, and thus acts as a temporary darn to the flow of the stream. There are no fewer than four such wears within four miles above Maxwellheugh Mill (itself forming a fifth), and two of the mill pools above are_ o f great length, affording a very large reservo ir for water. On the 27th of November the miller at Ormston particularly remarked the a ccumu l at i on , an d had to break the ice at th e dam-head to procure sufficient water to work the mill freely. Whether the freezin g of the water running front t he s p ri og s ha s 1. • tot;ig or much to do in producing the stoppage of the rive r , a ill admit of doubt. The cause can only be of a tempo rary nature, for after a few hours, the stream thy; s as u5 ,, 11. A fine edition to 4to Iv,tlt ctigravin4s of lit :ice John of Saxon 's translation of the "Divina Commedia is _about to be published at D:esden. The Prince has added notes and an historical sketch of much sagacity and learning. was in and 21., service !fended. yet i the sum , of paid to nquired and the him the the pri ! money. e receipt hich has he had the 401. prisoner , e might i the two r said he intention g that'll onsented the bond they be' case. —at the count Of prose- Court did r, the ex' in cense' some of ences for L an d kept • months; lately he' ,o lenien t )at which s id er ation id family)• t " wen o P,' , the. wi' e ' this, as. made 1° tate of the 'ife Was a husband .n marrie d nsiderable its lola tcquairitei cor, which ave bac k "; low, a s be i harp stead Ida": i _7 3 70 she i s that state of died. , and 3 ta7 nquiry , = lki l al I'l 9 185g' t he ordsloP no ble ol , e ; of Co rt i i i Ist I c civil "- perceiv e, me rits e v overn inen • er of indfr nttexue n o il i; ghout ' t he under At that fa d e poWe which 115 n dull e %O f battl e h ' ell' WI " o 1 trocities oe, he pl in wile' L ord,T t"t ing UiS ; ll ,1, is d v 0 " 9 0, .ish ed a ho le d to P into. mane tbel rifiCeS 3_, VhOie n het Ki with It, ,g 1 IDOl4' ri el l % cola° h pec ti' o lif f by I ° " a t pC ray, ° p ie r 13rita 13 _,I qert of 0 , distin cti :ol the °to city 0 ;0 , now ;ter of 1 1 ':, „ itnP ye Span' the te el fl i ; r ,pith „,of er sh 7o o cot' the re" „ ta 0 11. a 0., I t ! lOW tii ! o pt i v ilizat l enled i tJC it beol, hed M en ° t fr °ll tbe HOLLAND AND BELGIUM. THE PROTOCOL OF THE CONFERENCE_ - - - - - - - Tho Handelsblad of the 31st contains the text of the protocol sent by the Conference, as well as an appendix, in which Belgium proposed a pecuniary indemnity for the possession of Limburg and Luxemburg, which was rejected. The following is the substance. Articles one to eight remain the same as in the Treaty of the Twenty-four Articles : " Art. g. Sec. 1. With respect to the navigation of the Scheldt, Com missioners of the two countries shall agree upon a pilot duty ; till then the tariff of 1829 shall be observed in the mouths of the Meuse from the open sea to Helvoet, and from Helvoet to Rotterdam, in proportion to the distances. Sec. 2 All ships proceeding from the open sea to Belgium, and vice versa may take pilots of either country. Sec. 3. The Government of the Netherlands shall levy on the na vigation of the Sehcldt a single duty of one florin 50 cents per ton, namely, one florin 12 cents. on ships coming from the open sea, and ascending the West Scheldt to proceed to Belgium by the Scheldt, or by the canal of Terneedzen, and 38 cents. per ton on ships which shall descend the western Scheldt, coming from the canal of Terneedzen or from the Scheldt, and proceeding to the open sea ; and in order that the ships may experience no delay, this toll shall be received at Antwerp or at Terneedzen, by Dutch agents. " As for the Eastern, which does not serve for the navigation between Antwerp and the sea, but between Antwerp end the Rhine, a duty shall be levied according to the Tariff of Mayence of 31st Starch, 1831, on the navigation from Gore= to the sea, all in proportion to the distances." Articles 10 to 12 remain the same. Art. 13. From the Ist of May, 1839, the elebnis five Millions. Articles 15 to 24 remain unchanged. The stipulations relative to the territory are net modified. This protocol is only a proposal made to the King of the Netherlands ; if he does not agree to it the Powers will continue, as hitherto, to take care of the preservation of peace : if Holland accepts, and Belgium re fuses, the Conference engages to take measures which shall justify the confidence that Holland places in its support ANIATCRDAM, JAN• 30. (From the Handelsblad of Jan. 31.) We have received during the night, by express from our Correspond ent at Bru=sels, communications of the highest importance, which we hasten to lay before our readers:— " PROTOCOL OF THE CONFERENCE HELD AT TOE FOREIGN OFFICE, DEC. 6, 1838. " Prescnt—The Plenipotentiaries of Austria, France, Great Britain, Prussia, and Russia. The plenipotentiaries of Austria, France, Great Britain, Prussia, and Russia, having met in conference, acknowledge the receipt of the an. nexed note ( A), delivered on the 28th of November, 1838, to the Ple nipotentiaries of France, Great Britain, and Russia, by those of Austria and Prussia, acting as the agents of the German Confederation. " The Plenipotentiaries of the five Courts having taken into consi deration the state of the negotiations in which they were engaged after the exposition of the overtures made on the 14th of March last to the Conference by the Plenipotentiary of his Majesty the King of the Ne therlands, in order to attain the conclusion of such a final arrangement of the differences between Holland and Belgium as may be accepted by the two parties, it has been proposed to communicate to the Government of the Netherlands and of Belgium the subjoined articles (B.), drawn up during the course of the negotiations, as containing just and equitable proposals, the speedy accomplishment of which by those two Govern ments is greatly to be desired for the consolidation of the general peace. " The subjoined are drafts of the two notes intended to be presented as final proposals to the Plenipotentiaries of the Netherlands and Bel gium, with the annexed drafts (E.F.G ) of the treaties to be concluded between the five Powers, and Holland, between Holland and Belgium, and between the five Powers and Belgium, which have obtained the as sent of the Plenipotentiaries of Austria, Great Britain, Prussia, and Russia, whereas the Plenipotentiary of France has declared that he was not authorised to give his consent to the terms and the spirit of the present protocol, taking, however, these documents ad referendum. After these declarations the Plenipotentiaries of the four other Courts requested the Plenipotentiaries of France to acquaint his Court with these documents, expressing their confidence that the French Cabinet, always anxious to remain united with its Allies, and to join its efforts to theirs for the preservation of general peace, and of the treaties which are the basis of it, will not hesitate to give its approbation to an arrange. ment drawn up with the same intention, and after the appreciation of the circumstances, which make a prompt basis of arrangement in the af fair which is submitted to us appear to be a subject of general and urgent importance. (Signed) " Senfft, Sebastianl, Palmerston, Bulow, Pozzo dißorgo." :voile (A) NIINEXRD TO roe PROTOCOL OF TIM 6TII OF PRORMBIR. " The Plenipotentiaries of Austria and Prussia to their Excellen cies the Plenipotentiaries of France, Great Britain, and Russia. " London, Nov. 28, 1838. " The undersigned Plenipotentiaries of Austria and Prussia, invested with the full powers, and charged with the defence of the interest of the German Confederation in the negotiations relative to the affairs of Holland and Belgium, have seen with refire: the documents which have been published at the time of the opening of the Legislative Chambers at Brussels, in a language in which a design is clearly expressed to refuse the restitution as well of the territory which, accordingto Article 2 of the Treaty of the Twenty-four Articles, concluded on the 14th of Octo ber 1831, by the Conference of London, should continue to belong to the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, as if that part of Limburg which, by the 4th of the said Articles is to belong to the King of the Netherlands, either as Grand Duke of Luxemburg, or to be united to Holland, with out the Governments having alleged against th6se documents the en. gagements contracted by a solemn treaty, and the right of a third party both which those documents disregard. " The undersigned have the less difficulty in seeing in the manifes tation of these sentiments a violation of the rights of the German Con federation, as this happened on the part of a Government which is to. lerated only provisionally in the possession of the said territory, and which would thus, by its own authority, change the possessions de facto into a permanent right, which, in the present case constitutes a usurpation. " The rights of the German Confederation to the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, founded on the treaties of 1815, recognised by the Confe rence at the very outset of the negotiations, and formerly maintained against the enterprises of the Belgians by protocols 19 and 21, are, as far as concerns the part of the Grand Duchy, which by Art. 4 of the Twenty-four Articles is to belong to Belgium, transferred to that part of Limburg which is to be substituted for it, a transfer upon which the Confederation makes its assent to the territorial arrangement respecting Luxemburg depend, and with which it declared itself satisfied by the authority communicated to the undersigned on the 15th of Juno this year. " Hence it follows that the right recognised by the Five Powers in protocol 10, by virtue of which other states should take such mea sures as they should judge necessary to cause their legal rights to be respected, or to establish them in all countries belonging to them to which Belgium raises pretensions, and which arc situated without the limits of its territory which is declared neuter' (which right has net been since repealed by any act of the Conference or of the Confedera tion) is applicable as well to the part of the Grand Duchy recognised as belonging to King William by Article 3, as to the portion of Limburg above mentioned. " The undersigned, without in the least pretending to foresee the decisions of the German Confederation, leave it to the Confederation to assert, in consequence of the late provocation of the Belgians, rights that the Belgium Government is bound to respect by the engage ments contracted with the Five Courts in the treaty of Nov. 15, 1831. " The undersigned request the Plenipotentiaries of France, Great Britain, and Russia to take note of the above- mentioned right, as they themselves do by this present paper. " They have the honour, (Signed) " SENFFT. " BULOW." NOTI (E) ANNEXED TO PROTOCOT. OF DEC. 6, 1638. This note contains the modified treaty nearly in the same terms in which it is given in the Belgian papers of Feb. 1. NOTE (C) ANNEXED TO VIE PROTOCOL OF DEC. 6,183 S. " Draft of a Note of the Plenipotentiaries of the Five Powers to the Plenipotentiary of his Majesty the King of the Nether. lands. " The undersigned Plenipotentiaries of Austria, France, Great Bri tain, Prussia, and Russia, have taken into mature consideration the communication addressed to them on the 14th of March last by the Plenipotentiary of his Majesty the King of the Netherlands, by which his said Majesty has declared himself ready to cause his Plenipotentiary to sign the 24 Articles agreed to in the Conference of the 15th of Oc. tober, IS3I. They have likewise fixed their attention on the inten tion manifested by the Cabinet of the Hague to facilitate an arrange ment conformable in many points to the 24 Articles, and being obliged, at the same time, to consider the change which an interval of three years has effected in the reciprocal situation of the parties, they have, after a long, secret, and confidential negotiation, endeavoured to agree on acceptable proposals to be made to both parties, in order to terminate the Dutch and Belgian question by a definitive treaty. " Having concluded their labours, the undersigned are now able to offer the result to his Majesty the King of the Netherlands for his ac ceptance, and they have the honour to transmit for that purpose to his Excellency M. Dedel, his Plenipotentiary to the Conference, the an. flexed drafts of treaties : " A treaty between the Five Powers and his Majesty the King of the Netherlands, with an appendix, and a treaty between his Majesty the King of the Netherlands and his Majesty the King of the Belgians, in viting him to communicate this to his Government, with the present note. " The undersigned refrain entering into a development of the con siderations which have guided them, with respect to some arrangements differ;ng from those of the Twenty-four Articles. " Those considerations cannot escape the sagacity of the Cabinet of the Hague, and the undersigned flatter themselves that his Majesty the King of the Netherlands, appreciating them, will be induced to sign the above-mentioned treaty as soon as the Belgian Government shall have agreed to it on its part. " The undersigned have the honour to communicate to the Plenipo tentiary of his Majesty the King of the Netherlands the annexed copy of the note of the same date, which they address to the Plenipotentiary of his Majesty the King of the Belgians, and in which his Excellency will find a statement of the consequences of a refusal on the part of Belgium in case of the acceptance of the proposals by Holland. " If, however, the Cabinet of the Hague should reject the above con. ditions while Belgium accepts them, the Courts of the undersigned, in though eanso deploring at t i n e i w r h n i o e t h h a t h v e i n y g ha e r ff e e c e cri a p o ) fi e n d a , l arrangement would,n everu by i ei s h g e , continue to watch in common over the maintenance of peace between the two parties. _ _ " Haring terminated the task assigned to them by their Courts, the undersigned hare the honour to renew to M. Dedel the assurances of their consideration." (Annexed.) DRAFT OF A NOTE TO THE PLENIPOTENTIARY OF HIS IIAJESTY TIIE KING OF THE BELGIANS. " The undersigned, &c., having been engaged for several months in a secret and confidential negotiation on the means of terminating, by a final arrangement, the differences be*.ween Belgium and Holland, have maturely weighed the divers representations presented on the part of Belgium against the rigorous application of the stipulations of the treaty of 15th November, IS3I, which fixed the conditions of the separation of Holland and Belgium ; it has been found that part of those pro posals are such as would give occasion to changes in the said treaty, and those stipulations have been modified in all the points respect. ing such a mode of proceeding as seemed to be justified by reason or equity. " The undersigned now present the result of their labours to his M. jesty the King of the Belgians for his acceptance, and have the honour to submit to M. Van de Weyer, Plenipotentiary of his said Majesty, the following drafts of treaties, viz. : One between his Majesty the King of the Belgians and his Majesty the King of the Netherlands, and between hie Majesty the King of the Belgians and the Five Courts, with an an. nexed paper requesting him to communicate them to his Government with the present note. The undersigned flatter themselves that the Cabinet of Brussels will recognise the considerations of equity which have suggested these proposals', and that its Plenipotentiary be authorised without delay to sign the treaty above mention e d as soon as Holland sha ll h ave as sented to it on its part. which h sty the King of the Belgians all of his a he undersigned send under the " The Plenipotentiary of his Majesty fi n d annexed a copy of the note w the King of Ho:land, e r st e y fusal on the part of the sam e data to the Plenipotentiary accepted by Belgium. and in which th e y state the conse q u ence o l‘ f lai should reject the said pro_ Cabinet of the Ha g ue, in case their proposal is meansremain for the Powers of enforcing the int o l l , l e a n c d o o a f c e c r e e p L , t , e t h t e o m d , , o i i t d N e V i 1 0 l n o t n h l e y 6 , If, however , the Cabinet of Brussels s H r i g hts which the K in g of Holland will have ac q uired p rt o l s i a r ,: l ' s w ent h e i I d e 6! Having fini,Thed the task assigned to then, by their Courts,the undersigned have the honour ';',o renew to the Plenipotentiary King of the Belgians the assurance of their high considera• of the NOTE (E) •NNEXED TO THE PROTOCOL OF DEC. 6, 1 83 :7 •" "In the name of the holy and indivisable. Trinity, his • majesty the THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1839 Emperor of Austria, his Majesty the King of the French, her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, his Majesty the King of Prussia, and his Majesty the Emperor of Russia, having taken into consideration their treaty concluded on the 13th of October, 1638, with his Majesty the King of the Belgians and his Majesty the King of the Netherlands, being induced to conclude a final arrangement on the basis of the 94 Articles agreed to by the Plenipotentiaries of Austria, France, Great Bri tain, Prussia, and Russia on the 19th of October, 1531, have named foe their Plenipotentiaries, Fec., who having exchanged their full power, &c. have agreed and issued— - " Art. 1. His Maj.?st y the King of the Netherlands engages imme diately to convert into a treaty with the King of the Belgians the articles annexed to the present article and resolved on by a joint agree ment under the protection of the Courts of Austria, France, Great 13ri lain, Prussia, and Russia. " Art. 2. Their Majesties the Emperor of Austria, the Klng of the French, the Queen of Great Britain, the King of Prussia, and the Emperor of Russia declare that by the preceding article the articles in question are considered as being of the same force and value as ii they were inserted word for word in the present article, and, conse quently, that they are placed undor the guarantee of their Majesties. " Art. 3. The union which, by virtue of the treaty of Vienna of the 3lst of May, 1831, has existed between Holland and Belgium is ac. knowledged by his Majesty the King of the Netherlands to be dissolved. " Art. 4. The present treaty shall be ratified at London. The rati. fication shall be exchanged there in six weeks, or sooner, if possible. The exchange of these ratifications shall be made at the same time as those of the ratifications of the treaty between Holland and Belgium." NOTE (e) ♦NNEXED TO Tie PROTOCOL OP DEC. a, 1838. '' In the name of the holy and indivisable Trinity his Majesty tho King •f the Netherlands and his Majesty the King of the Belgians, taking into consideration their treaties concluded with their Majesties the, Emperor of Austria. the King of the French, the Queen of Great Britain, the King of Prussia, and the Emperor of Russia, and by his Majesty the King of the Belgians on the 15th of November, 1831, and his Majesty the King of the Netherlands, this day have named for their Plenipotentiaries, &c., &e., who, &c., have agreed and signed. " Art. Ito 9.4 (annexed 13.) " Art. 25. In consequence of the stipulations of this treaty there shall be peace and amity between the King of the Belgians on the one part and the King of the Netherlands on the ether, their respective heirs and successors, States, and subjects. " Ar'. 26. The present treaty shall be ratified at London, and the ratification exchanged in six weeks, or sooner, if possible. This ex change shall be made the same time as that of the ratification of the treaty concluded on this day between his Majesty the King of the Ne. therlands and their Majesties the Emperor of Austria, the King of the French, the Queen of Great Britain, the King of Prussia, and the Em. reror cf Russia." NOTE (o) ANNEXED TO THE PROTOCOL OF DEC. 6, 1836. Treaty between the Five Powers and his Majesty the King of the Belgians." This treaty merely declares, that in consequence of the new treaties, that of the lbth of November, 1831, is no longer binding. Protocol of the Conference of 23d January, 1539, states that the Plenipotentiary of France has declared himself authorised to agree to the Protocol of 6th December. Protocol of the Conference of 23d January, 1839, states that it has received the note of the Belgian Plenipotentiary delivered on the 14th instant, and of three memorials presented at the same time. The note proposing to pay 60 millions of francs for the territory which Belgium is to restore to Holland is declared to be contrary to their in structions, &c.; the decision of the German Confederation does not allow of its being taken into consideration. The three memoranda relate to particulars which cannot be discussed in the present state of the negociation. A note to M. Van de Weyer, dated 23d January, 1839, gives the answer to his note and three memoranda, in substance as above. NOTE OF THE BELGIAN PLENIPOTENTIARY, M. VAN DE WEYER, JAN. 14, 1839, ADDRESSED TO THE CON. FERENCE. The undersigned Plenipotentiary of his Majesty, the King of the Belgians, having heard that the Plenipotentiaries of Austria, France, Great Britain, Prussia, and Russia, intend notifying to the Courts of Brussels, and the Hague, their adoption of a treaty, which will ter. urinate their disputes at present existing between these two Courts, feels compelled to call the most anxious attention of the Plenipotentia ries to the intended division of Limeourg and Luxembourg, which will be extremely prejudicial to these provinces, and to Belgium. The Belgian Government is ready to make the greatest peeuuiary sacrifices for the peaceable settlement of this question ; but it is necessary to call to the mind of the Plenipotentiaries the former negotiations on this subject. The protocol of the 26th of June, 1831, and Article 3 of the Eighteen Articles proposed for the acceptation of the Belgian Congress, by a letter of the Plenipotentiaries of the same date, did not give Bel. gium the slightest reason to fear for the preservation of Luxembourg. The National Congress, therefore, accepted these articles, and his Royal Highness Prince Leopold, chosen King of the Belgians, accepted the Crown of Befgium on the faith of these assurances. This aforesaid third article reserved to the Diet all useful (utiles) rights of the fortress of Luxembourg. It is evident that if the Pleni potentiaries of the five Courts, together with those of Austria and Prussia, had not been convinced that the proposition would have been satisfactory to the Diet, they would not have presented this Act for the acceptation of the Belgian Congress. The Diet would the more readily have acceded to this arrangement, as Luxembourg was constantly and exclusively under the fundamental law, and the laws of the Lew Coun. tries, together with the Belgian provinces, with which it had been for ages so closely united. If Belgium, surprised by an attack, the more unforeseen as she had accepted the offer of peace made to her by the five Powers represented in Conference; and as she felt secure in the armistice, which she thought could not be broken but by their consent; if Belgium has taken the chance of war, one of the five Courts, pre-occupied with an event which seemed to threaten the peace of Europe, have not been able to enforce the third article of the 18th article; if, on the contrary, by their declared motives, they did not choose those questions to remain unsett ed ; the immediate settlement of which was become necessary to Europe—questions which they were compelled to arrange, in order to avoid the incalculable evils of a general war—they have thought fit to adopt a new project of the 24 Articles, with their declaration, that the Articles contain the final and irrevocable decisions of the Five Powers, who are unanimously resolved to enforce the acceptation of these aforesaid 24 Articles (Protocol No. 49, annexed 11 and C)—it, in a word, the Conference be on account of more important reasons, than they have set forth in their acts, have deviated from the propositions of the 18 Articles, it does not seem doubtful that Belgium can now with justice insist on an arrangement in conformity with the third paragraph of the 18 Articles. This pretension is grounded on the non acceptation of the 24 Articles by the Court of the Hague, on the reservations in the ratification of these Articles—on the guarantees of security which Belgium has given to Europe during the troubled times which have accompanied and fol lowed her constitution of cur independent State—on the Convention of the 21st of May, 1835, which, consecrating in the most absolute terms the complete cessation of hostilities, permitted the negotiation of a final arrangement; which should guarantee in tho most efficacious manner the mission accorded to Belgium as a neutral State, and which would offer to the Government of the Netherlands more solid advantages than the possession of two half provinces at a distance from the sources of their prosperity, and deprived of their natural relations. The undersigned ought also to remark to their Excellencies the Ple nipotentiaries that it results from the addresses voted in the mouths of May and November, 1838, by the Belgium Chamber, that the Chambers suppose the necessity of ulterior communications on the part of Govern ment for providing them with constitutional power to sign a treaty, because even if it was in a situation to sign at an earlier period the Treaty of the Twenty-four Articles, and on account of th immediate execution announced in the annexed (B) and (C) of the 49th protocol, and under consideration declaredt in these acts, the acceptation of the Netherlands' Government remains no longer the same, not having had place or time, and being under the dominion of circumstances which had determined the acceptation of Belgium, which has not obtained what she expected from an immediate peace. It is also necessary to observe that a separation such as generally fol lows a course of disastrous events, although unfortunate. is still sus. ceptible of immediate execution; but such a measure acquires addi. tional importance when the people have continued to live for a long course of years under the same laws and enjoi ing the same privileges. These are the causes of the general opposition which has been mani fested in this country at the idea of a separation. These national, legi timate, and unanimous sentiments ought to be looked upon with 'plea sure by the Plenipotentiar_es of the Five Powers. It should be to their Excellencies an undeniable evidence that they were not deceived when they recognised Belgium as an independent and neutral State. The undersigned Plenipotentiaries will now make known to their Ex. cellencies the pecuniary sacrifices which Belgium is disposed to make for obtaining the cessation of all pretensions to the territories of Lim burg and Luxemburg. It would appear that their Excellencies the Plenipotentiaries of the five Courts were disposed to inflict a sum annually and perpetual) , of five millions of florins by the following grants : Law of the 9th Feb., 1818, Carital 14,130,836 31st Dec., 1819, 23,083,000 . 7; 24th Dec., 1820, 211 Aug. 1822, ...... 56,902,000 27th Dec. 1822, id March 1825, From the chief of these different laws there would be imposed on Belgium, in rectifying the error which was made in 1331, to the pre judice of Holland; in the defalcation of the Sinking Fund, an annual rent of ... 1,690,000 To which will be added the Old Belgian Debt, constituted as a part of the Anstro-Belgian Debt 5'25,000 2,215,000 It would not be unreasonakle to pretend that these 2,216,000 florins constitute the only perpetual debt which Belgium is strictly bound to liquidate. In reviving a debt which no longer existed, of which the kingdom of the Low Countries did not bear an item on its budgets, Belgium would again be charged with an annuity of he commercial advantages for the navigation in the in terior parts of Holland were valued, in 1831, at 600,000 florins; they would form a perpetual tribute of It is to be remarked that Belgium would be unable to with draw this tribute, should Holland render illusory the advan tages to be given in return for it. On the other hand, to fulfil the wishes of the Court of the Hague, and although it was not stated, if, instead of a pas sive, this operation should not offer to Belgium a considerable bonus, the liquidation of the Sinking Fund would not be ad mitted—this should be placed at the charge of the Belgian I Government 1,165,000 Total It ought also to be remembered that no account is kept by Belgium of the manner in which she coald make returns, namely, in materiel for military marine, in colonies, it enormous sums supplied for the last 15 years for tho sinking fund of a debt entirely Dutch, and lastly, of several other sums, of which henceforth Holland alone will profit, although the charges have been divided. The undersigned, in conclusion, declares that Belgium would not sub mit to the tax of five millions of florins if it were looked for as a right ; but he is anxious to add, that in adding that question to that of the territory, the Government of the King, if its actual possession is acknowledged, would not hesitate to accept the debt fixed at this limit; and that it even would be disposed, with the view of peace and conciliation, to con sent to an increase, it would add, to the sum of five millions of florins, a somme capitate of fifty millions of francs, to be paid immediately. The undersigned has the honour, dm BELL'S LIFE IN LONDON.—The pugilistic con test between Burke and Bendi g o is fixed for Tuesday, Feb. 12 . The full particulars will appe ar in Bal's Life in London of the following Sunday, London commences at The publication . of Bees Life in 12 o'clock on Saturday noon, at the Office, No. 170, Strand by which early publication the Papers can be sent off by the Two o'Clock Saturday After noon Birmingham Railway train. The price of Bell's Life in Low:on is Fivepence only. To avoid diswpoint.nent Papers should be previously ordered through the newspaper agents. One of the contemplated regulations under the new Police Bill is, that the Magistrates of the different police offices slmuld S r on Sul;tlay morr.ilgA from ten till the time appointed for the commencement of divine service, in cir cler to examine ail perso ns taken into custody on Saturday nights on charges of drunkenness, disorderly conduct, &c. Sunday Times. CORN-LAWS. (Abridged from the Monthly Chranic/s.) All other questions in political economy are at this moment absorbed in that of the Corn-laws : yet, great as is the agita tion, the fi st step for many persons towards forming any opi nion is to know what the Corn-laws are. With numerous individuals, the subject still ranks among "questions of tht ir law ; " implying, as the words did to the Roman governor, a mixture of the mysterious, the remote, and the uninteresting. The Corn-laws then are simply this—laws, or more correctly a law, prohibiting, totally or partially, the exchange of British productions against foreign food. The readiest idea of an ab stract Corn-law would be, that it was a law which enacted that no food should, under any circumstances, be admitted from abroad in exchange for home produce. But the British law is not of this simple or primary form; it takes the secondary or modified one, of prohibiting the introduction of food under certain pecuniary penalties or duties, rising in amount with the cheapness of corn at home, and falling with the advance of Pikes, in such a manner as to admit foreign corn when home prices are accidentally exaggerated, but with the effect in the main of keeping the price of corn—in other words, the quan tity of labour given by all classes of the community in ex am-ice for a given quantity of food. greatly increased above whst would otherwise be the fact. The opposition is not ab solute and direct, like that of a stone wall to the efforts of the included prisoner ; on the contrary, it i 3 indirect, variable, but accumulative, more resembling the resistance of an elastic fishing. rod or spiral spring ;—s sort of India-rubber bandage, where the confinement, though absolute as to the great result, is always ready to give and take in the detail. The opposi tion to a limited degree of movement is in some states indc fiuitely small; but the resistance increases rapidly, in pro portion to the departure from the state where the operation is null. This legislative provision is moreover not defended on the ground of being for the advantage of a particular portion of the community ; but is advanced unhesitatingly by its sup porter=, as a thing essential to the general good. The great est evils are predicted from its removal; and losses incal culable to all classes of society, are threatened as the inevitable result. The proposition therefore takes this form : —That it is for the advantage of a community at large to cut off by law some portion of the commerce or exchange of wares, in which citizens if left to themselves would find it their interest to indulge ;—that the prohibition produces in the end a greater good ;—that though it may be an evil in the indi vidual case for a greater quantity of labour to be given for the same quantity of food, or less food be procured in return fur the same quantity of labour, yet nature has provided compensative processes, by which the apparent evil is turned into a good ; that the general enjoyment is increased by the cutting off;— that the artificial state is better than the natural ;and that it is in the power of human science to establish these as truths. One of the first observations that will suggest itself on this theory of the men who boast most of their hatred of theories is, that it bears a suspicious resemblance to some of the projects for a perpetual motion by which so many have been led astray. There is the same absence of a visible substantial force, to produce the effects contemplated; there is a mass of actions and re-actions, out of which the desired consequence is pro mised ; but there is an evident dependence on a vortex, and the cautious philosopher is prompted by a sort of instinctive apprehension that he shall find an illustration of the adage that ex nihilo nihilft. Every man familiar with the processes of philosophical in vestigation in general, is aware of the virtue t hich resides in taking what may be called the exaggerated case. Let, then, the celebrated proposition of the Corn-laws be tried in the same manner. Instead of a kingdom or an island —whose concerns are apt to mislead, through the difficulty some people find in believing that the rules of arithmetic which are true in respect of tens and of hundreds, are also true of millions and billions—assume the case of a single town pos sessing within itself the capabilities for manufacturing and exchanging the produce for food. Suppose, for instance, Manchester or Birmingham, surrounded by a wall ; and the proposition is, that if the inhabitants will close their gates, and confine themselves for food to such portions of ground within their walls as may be capable of growing corn, an accession to their general prosperity will be the result. The proposition is certainly prima fade not inviting; but the way to proceed is, to try on (as a tailor might say) the different theories by which the result is professed to be esta blished. And, first, try the general allegation—that increased wealth will he the result to the owners of the soil, and the ex penditure of this wealth on the manufacturing interests be a benefit to them in turn. . _ Vv And here, less acuteness than is produced by the habits of the manufacturing classes in general, appears to be required to perceive that the increased income to the owners of the soil will be true enough, as resolving itself into the necessity the manufacturing classes are under of bidding against each other for the limited quantity of corn produced. But precisely be cause this is riches to one side, it is poverty to the other; and the result to the'manufacturing classes resolves itself into the permission to give an increased quantity of their labour in ex change for a given quantity of corn, or receive a less quantity of corn in exchange for a given quantity of labour. All this is clear enough in the exaggerated case ; and the question why it is not equally true in the other ? The landlords put their statement unreservedly enough ; they say, 4 ' It is good for the manufacturers that we should have eighty shillings in stead of forty for a quarter of corn, because then we shall have e ighty shillings instead of forty to expend upon the manu facturers." In other words, "We shall take from the manu factoring classes eighty shillings' worth of goods instead of forty for a quarter of corn, and this will be a good to the manufacturing classes." In the exaggerated case, it is plain that this reasoning would not be listened to for a moment; and it is for the interested to indicate at what point and in what manner, the conclusion which is so clear in the one instance, fails upon application to another. A second cheval de hataille of the supporters of the actual Corn-laws—and in fact that by which they at this moment hold the major part of any influence they may possess over the ope rative manufacturers—is the representation that whatever mny have been the merits or demerits of the Corn-laws when ori ginally imposed, to removo them now would throw a multitude of agricultural labourers out of employment, and consequently into the ranks of this manufacturers as competitors for wages ; which must he attended with grieve evil to the manufac turers. In fact, the weavers of Spi ds are at this mo ment standing upon this point, and making it the basis of a resistance to alteration. Fit this, then, to the normal case ; _where it is clear, that for one labourer thrown out of employ meet by the cessation of the cultivation of nooks and corners within the walls, and therefore by possibility thrown upon the manufacturers as a new competitor, ten would be brought into demand by the opening made fur the exchange of manufacturing products fur food beyond the walls. And it lies on the art versary to show in what manner the same inference shall fail in :he more extended case. The next great stumbling-block of the working classes is the assertion which has been boldly laid before them, that if the price of food rises, wages must rise ; from which they are invited to infer—as if it were at all a necessary consequence— that wages must rise in as great a proportion as corn ; which is required to make the state of the working classes the same as before. Now, on fitting the case to the normal instance, it is plain enough that wages must rise ; but that they should rise in as great a proportion as corn, is a thing that evidently cannot exist in rerum natura. For it is tantamount to saying, that wages shall rise till they give everybody the same share out of a smaller quantity of corn than they had out of a greater. The axiom of the schoolmen, that it is impossible for the same thing to be and not to be, is not of more evident voracity : the only reason why the price of corn is to be higher is, that there is to be less of it. Were it possible, for argument's sake, to suppose that the corn-growers, under some delusive promise or otherwise, had so increased their exertions and outlay as to effect the same quantity of production as before—which in the case of a very limited diminution of the sources from whence corn is drawn might be within the range of possibility—they ' would be disappointed of their expected reward, because the same total stock of corn would only sell at the same price ; and inasmuch as it is impossible the growers should act under any such delusion, no more corn will ke grown than will be sold at a price remunerating for the increased exertions and outlay. The naked possibility therefore of such a rise in wages is altogether in nubibus, and incompatible with all connection between causes and effects on earth. Wages, therefore, though they will rise, cannot by possibility rise in as great a propor tion as corn : and by the converse of the argument, if the quan tity of corn for consumption is increased, wages will fall, but not in as great a proportion as corn ; for otherwise, no more corn would be consumed than before, and part would be left uneaten. This is an instance how easily persons unused to the observation and calculation of natural phenomena, or partially informed of the causes which are operating on them, may be deceived. It resembles the deception of the Arctic travellers, who, after walking ten miles to the north upon the ice, found themselves, to their astonish ment, b y observation, fire miles to the been south movingotheirf originaltoo. having But a further inevitable consequence of prohibition appears to be, that the agricultural labourers (if that term can be ap plied to those who rex and turn the plots of ground within the walls) must find themselves quickly brought to the same de gree of suffering as the labourers engaged iu manufactures. Nohodyiwill conceive the possibility that one set should be going on in wealth and high wages, while the other are in misery and low; the common tendency of men to multiply must cause the a gricultural labourers to breed against the limits of their means of support, as well as the manufacturers ; and as there is no chance for their increasing numbers finding m m l i moat o t n u r i o n f g r th an e k ir s, food, they mite must an be already lid d the brought to the sam e state of mutual competition , an d conse quently of low wages, in the end. When the shutting of the gates was first invented, a fillip may have been given to the demand for labourers to work the plots of ground ; the result of which may have been, that these labourers became four when they would have otherwise been three. But when this &fleet of the fillip has been produced, the only after result is, that the four are worse off than the three—that is, are worse off under the state of general restriction upon food, than the three would have been under a state of freedom. And the same or a similar inference may be extended to the owners of the plots of ground themselves, who in this case represent the landed interest. It may be conceded that their rents shall have been increased in any proportion within the bounds ef reason to expect ; as, for instance, that they shall have been dcublcd; but now lon g will it be before this advantage in point of rents is neutralised or overbalanced by the impossibi lity of finding provision or profitable employment for children, or in fact suppor'-ng them at all, except by subdivision of the estate? If the tendency of these owners to multiplication is the same as is always Lund in corresponding cases, there Cali clearly be no long interval before they or their succsssors are found struggling, either with the actual want of the means of comfortable existence, or with the necessity of enforced celi bacy to avoid it—things which go under the common epithet of "embarrassed circumstances." One kind only, or perhaps two, of landowners could escape from these consequences ; those who, like fellows of some ecclesiastical corporations, were debarred from marriage by their statutes ; and those who by some means or other should possess the power of making an eldest son, and quartering the rest of their children on the public. Here then, if no competent difference is shown between the cases, appears to be the solution of the problem which has so much engaged attention—the accounting for the continual complaints of want among the lower and bankruptcy among the higher classes of labourers. Both are equally breeding against a stone wall. The number of possible traders is as much limited under the existing state of things as the numher of possible day-labourers ; and by their several and pc, u:iar Processes, the bankrupt list and the poor-house, each must 1. , kept within the bounds which law, not nature, has chosen to assign. It is amusing to observe the blindness of men to these con sequences, except where the results ate thrust at first hand into their faces. The man at Manchester or Nottingham, who has goods he wishes to see transported in their proper persons to a foreign port, arrives in the course of time, and after years of indistinct complaining without any very distinct conception of the cause, at something like a resolution to join with his fellows in seeking for a remedy; but the man who only meets the evil in what may be called its secondary symptoms is still far from being in general either a reasoning or a complaining animal. No barrister, for instance, discovers that on the wealth and numbers of the community the quantity of law suits must depend ; and consequently a rule to limit the food of man is in fact a rule to limit the sustenance which shall be divisible among the learned in the law. No divine lights on the same conclusion with respect to the cure of souls, nor physician in regard to the bodies in which he is concerned : the crafts, the mysteries, arc almost equally in the dark, or are only beginning to rouse themselves to a consciousness of the bearing the question has upon themselves. It might al most be set down as established, that the easiness of fraud is as the number of the deceived ; and that the way to nul lify the tendency of mankind to self-defence is to multiply the attacked. If it is urged, as might possibly be done in the instance set out with, that all liberty would expend itself in temporary advantages, and consequently be productive only of fugitive good; the answer is by asking, what human comfort or hap piness is made of but a succession of fugitive goods. The dinner of to-day has not the smallest tendency to remove the recurring necessity on each day of the coming week ; nor will the warm bed of last night have the smallest remedial effect on him whose fate it may be for the next month to couch on flints. What we mean by happiness is a succession of good things; and to have the liberty of securing these, unchecked by the mere desire of dishonest appropriation on the part of others, is what the inhabitants of a free country ought not easily to forego. On these questions and their numerous ramifications, the public is opening its eyes; and it cannot fail to be gratifying to the philosopher and man of science, to see so many points of coincidence bete eon the progress of the old mechanics and the new. As the one has rid us of perpetual motions and sail ing chariots in the air, so the other will free us, in the end, from pestilential quackeries of vastly greater danger and importance. DUCHY OF CORN WALL. TO THE TENANTS OF THE DUCHY OF CORNWALL holding their lands under the Duchy by virtue of a certain tenure) called the modern tenure of the Duchy) as established by Act of Parliament of the 21 James, c. 29. Sirs,—These tenures are by means of renewable leases, ard copies of Court Roll for 31 years or under, for one, two, or three lives, or for some term of years determinable on one, two, or three, lives, at a cer tain ancient rent, renewable es often as the tenant shall desire his lease or copy to be renewed, under some or one of those three species of tenure, you and your ancestors have held and enjoyed your estates ever since its establishment in 1623. It was established because otherwise the lands would still have remained in their barren state. Many of the old Acts establishing this.tenure have been abolished from the present edition of the Statutes, and for these last 60 years and more this tenure seems to have been buried in oblivion, and almost forgotten by you and nearly by every one else, and of which the Duchy Officers havebeen taking advantage, and have been exacting extravagant fines for renewal of those leases, when by the law of the tenure they are not entitled to any fine on renewal whatever, and which tenure they, the Officers of the Duchy,of late years have been endeavouring to undermine and to destroy the better to enable them to seize upon your estates, and deprive you of your just and vested rights and interests under! it, and which are the legal right of renewal on the terms and conditions of the Acts, namely, at a certain fixed ancient rent only, without any fine. They have lately been charging 72,0001. to put in one life on an estate at Kennington in Surrey, close by London, held under the same tenure, calculating the fine on the rack-rent value of the property, though it brings the tenant under the tenure in no more than 1,2001. per annum ground rents, after an outlay of 7,0001., and because this enormous fine could not be raised, have seized on the estate and granted the same out to others to the ruin of many hundreds of persons and families interested under this tenure, and make no scruple in telling the tenants that the estate is theirs, and that they have a right to charge what fine they please, and that there is no tenant right of renewal whatever, thinking this tenure so buried in oblivion could never be brought to light. Now I think it highly neces sary that you should know all this, that you may take the alarm in time and petition Parliament to have your tenure restablished on its original foundation, or depend upon it you will all be served the same. You should petition Parliament to revise the Acts of the Duchy Officers, passed since the 16th George 111, up to which time the tenure has been kept inviolate, because the Acts of 33d George 111, George IV, and William IV., arc acts fradulently procured by the Officers of the Duchy, in violation of all former Acts, and in violation of all your rights and interests under the tenure, and to enable them to act and do just as they please with you. This law establishing this tenure, by means of renew able leases, gives you a perpetual estate in your leases upon condition they arc made according to the directions of the Acts, that is for 31 years, or three lives, at the ancient rent only, and if they are so made, then )011 have m perpetual estate in your lease, namely, the legal right of renewal of the same at the same ancient rent. And that the lenses shall be so made this law declares, that if they are otherwise made, they shall be null and void, therefore they are bound to dispense this tenure to you in the manner prescribed by the Acts, and the Acts all declare your estate and interest to be a good ,sure, fixed, and indefeasible estate. They all recognize the tenure to be by leases, and also recognise the tenants' exercise of their right of renewal under it, and admit the pro perty to be the property of the tenants held under the Duchy by virtue of this tenure, therefore there can be no mistake about your tenant right. It will be necessary, and 1 feel it my duty, to explain to you how tines on renewal commenced. When they commenced and for what pur pose they were first paid. They commenced then on the restoration of Charles 11., to an impoverished revenue, when the officers of the State found it absolutely accessary to exact and to raise money by unlawful means, to support that restored monarch on the throne, At this period among other exactions, tines on renewal began, and had their origin in exaction, such fines being wholly inconsistent with the spirit of the law, which established the tenure in your favour egainst the Duchy, and which was to give all the interest which possibly could be given to the tenant (the fee only excepted), for the purpose of encouraging him to Luild and to improve those waste lands for your own and the public good, and those tines ought to have ceased from being taken when the cause for their exaction ceased, and when the officers of the State no longer required them; but instead of their being allowed to cease, the Officers of the Duchy laid hold on them, and have continued the exac tion ever since, having no legal right whatever to any fine on renewal, as will be seen by the law, establishing your tenure, which is, as I have before said, at a certain timed rent only. I have given myself the trouble to collect together all those Acts relating to this tenure, and have studied them, and am fully convinced that what I say is true, and that the time is fully arrived that the tenants ought to petition I'ar. liamcnt (who are the parents and creators of the tenure, and who established it for your benefit, and with a 'view to public good, and who are bound to uphold and protect the tenure so established by them, and who are in honor bound to protect your vested rights and in terests under it) and pray Parliament to revise the tenure so established, continued, and confirmed from the 21st James I. up to the 10th George 111., and cony= those Acts with the Acts which the Officers of the Duchy have surreptitiously, I might say fraudulently, procured to be passed since, with a view to undermine and to destroy your vested rights and interests, and with a view to abolish the tenure so established by Parliament for your benefit, and to call on the Officers to show by what authority they demand those fines. To the tenants who hold under any of the ancient tenures of the Duchy which existed before the establishment of this modern tenure by 21 James 1., I have this notice to give them, and which I feel it my duty to do, that the Duchy Officers have get a clause i❑ the last Act passed by William IV., enabling them to assess all the lands held under the ancient tenures, by which I understand they will have a right to levy any fine on them they please, and thus ♦iolate their rights also; this applies to all the tenants under tho ancient Duchy, more particularly to the pro prietor of another large estate belonging to the same proprietors as the Ke.iningten estate, and which adjoins thereto, and I give then' this notice as an additional reason why they ought to petition Parliament. ♦nd new I believe I have discharged my conscience; and if the tenants choose to give their estates away without taking the proper means of securing them from the grasp of the Duchy Officers when they have the law in their own hands, it will be their own faults, and they will have no one to blame but themselves. The tenants need not be alarmed at the decision of Lord Brougham; for, according to that decision, the person who sells the raw material to the manufacturer, and for which he is paid a valuable consideration, would have a right to claim the goods as his own after they are manu. factured. In my opinion, no two transactions can be more alike, for here is the Duchy, by sufferarce of Parliament, contracting for the sale of waste lands (which are as the raw material), and for which the Duchy receive a valuable consideration of the tenant who purchases the same, in order to manufacture this raw material (waste lands) up into farm houses, farm buildings, and good cultivated farms, and where the land is so situated into streets and houses; which being done whose property is it, or ought it to be by law, but the persons who so manufactured it ? His Lordship will see there is a great deal more analogy between these two cases than there is betwixt this tenure, as established by law, and a power of leasing under marriage settlements or private Acts ; and I am sure he must he, on reflection, convinced cf his error. It seems to me that what the Officers of the Duchy (whose duty It is to dispense this tenure to the tenants in the mariner prescribed to them by the Acts) have done as respects the Kennington estate, is not only a violation of all former Acts, and of the tenants' rights and interests under the tenure, but is a fraud upon Parliameet in procuring Acts in violation of the tenure established by them foe the benefit of the tenants against the Duchy, and I had almost said a violation of one of the most fundamental principles of the Constitution, the right of the subj.,ct to the free enjoyment of his property; for if property which is absolutely given to, and vested in, a person by an Act of Parliament, for the ex press purpose of encouraging him to outlay his capital in building and improving for the benefit of himself and family and the public good, and who has in consequence built upon and improved the property to the amount of half a million of money, I say, if such property as this cannot be protected, and if Lord Brougham's decision, without the real ques tion as to this tenure being first argued, is to be considered as a sanction to the illegal proceedings of the Duchy Officers, then I say that every lord of a manor might, with equal right, seize on all the estates of his copyhold tenants, and in like manner grant them out to others, and on the same principle, the Crown might resume the estates of the nobility and landowners of this kingdom and grant them out to others. X. Y., A FRIEND TO THE TENANTS. January 31, 18.39. The importance of Hearing and Sight to man is indeed great; for, through the medium of the Ear and Eye we are con. s.:ious of harmony and beauty—sources of some of the most refined and pure enjoyments of which we arc susceptible—and when we recol lect that there are thousands of individuals in this country afflicted with deafness, and weak and imperfect eyesight, of whom many have never sought any relief, some from sheer negligence, and others from the belief that nothing can be done tor theta, we are happy to inform our readers, that the Messrs. S. and B. Solonions, Opticians and Aurists to the loyal Family, of 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, have made, after 30 years' practice and experience, a simple and most important disco very, by which those maladies are at once obviated. ISLE OF WI HT. ROYAL YACHT SQUADRON INTELLICIENCE. Cums, Fes. 4.—The Earl of Yarborough nod Sir Joseph Copley, Bart., have been at the Squadron House during the past week ; the latter snperintending the repairs and alterations of his yacht (the Witch), which is on Mr. J. White's patent slip; and the former giving (Ince- Hone f,r getting the Kestrel off the Medina mud, which was cifl . cted on Saturday, preparatory to her being battled op on the same slip to ha lengthened amidships twelve feet, which will give her about aevel inches more beam, and Increase her measurernant 30 tuns: making her nearly 200. The Fanny, yacht, of 7 ~.tin, is also to be hauled up In the same yard, in which Almon Hill, Zeq., is bavlna a new yacht built. . . The Secretary succeeded in getting the Ise-house belonging to the squadron filled on Friday lust, though ice has bee❑ rather a scarce article here. DEPARTURES. The Earl of Yarborough and Sir Joseph Copley, Bart., born Appu!. durcombe House, for Arlingten-k4rcet. MARRIAGE EXTRAORDINARV.—At Northwood Church on Monday last, William Moth, aged 73, to Sarah Clamp, afro,' 72. The bride groom's youngest son represented the lady's lather, and gave the bluish. Lug bride away; and bha grand.elaughier was brlde's.maid on this Into. resting occasion. HORRID MURDER IN PORTUGAL. (From the Eco, a Portugueee Journal) " Lisnox, JAN. 18.---The correspondence from Villa Vicosa, which is published in this number, has been delayed for some days In the press, as we could not give implicit credence to so horrible a fact w:thout fur ther confirmation. At length by this daN's poSt we have a letter from eur correspondent at Alandroal. and also the following from Villa Vicosa, and both of them agree as to the truth of what the said correspondence alludes to. It also adds that on the following day the judicial autho rities went to the spot where the crime was committed, accompanied by thy. Commandant and some men belonging to the detachment of Villa Vicosa, and insinuated that the deal had been perpetrated by the Mi. guelites and officers included in the amnesty, when the son and brother of the murdered family came forward, and pointing to one of the soldiers, said—' That is the uniform worn by the men who yesterday murdered my father, mother, and brothers.' The three soldiers are already in cus tody,put one of our correspondents remarks that the prosecution is to be conducted by the ex-President of the Chamber. " ' Villa Vicosa, Dee, 28. " ' Mr. Editor—l am about to relate to you a fact, perhaps of a mare horrible nature than any recorded up to the present time. On the 19th of this month, between six and seven o'clock in the evening, three sol diers of No. regiment of Infantry, went to a farm called Sabola de Baize, and knocked at the door. The owner called out that he and his family were at supper, when they said, ' Open the door, here are sol diers.' The owner, fearful that some evil might happen to him, hesi tated, and remained quiet, when his wife said, ' Open the door, poor fellows, they are soldiers, and perhaps want to warm themselves, as it is very cold.' The husband immediately rose, went to the door, and upon opening it one of the soldiers, with the butt end of his musket, gave him such a blow on the right side of the forehead, that it brought him to the ground, when the others completed the murder by thrusting a bayonet into him. One remaining sentinel at the door, the other two entered the house, and in midst of the cries and screams of the unhappy wife and children of the murdered man, said,' Give us the money you sold the pigs for, or every one here dies ;' they replied that the pigs were not yet sold, and they had scarcely been able to raise a trifle for the landlord of the farm ; but they, void of the grace of God, consulted amongst themselves, and came to the determieatton of murdering them all. They then seized the mother, already half dead from fright and pain, piercing her with bayonets until they put an end to her life. Un happy mother! She was four months advanced in pregnancy, so that it was not her alone whom the barbarians murdered. They then corn_ pelted a daughter, twenty-three years of age, to take the rings from her other's ears, covered as she was with blood, and a corpse. They obliged the eldest son to light them over the house while they searched for gold and silver. They seized the female servant and violated her; murdered the daughter; and, going to the spot where her parents were lying dead, and hearing the cries of an innocent child, three years old, not even that could escape death, for they seized it by the throat and strangled it. The mai: servant of the house and the eldest daughter found means to escape, taking refuge in a corner of the piggery. Such is this unheard of and horrible event that has just taken place in Por tugal, a country to which I am ashamed to belong.' " DREADFUL DEATH AT SEA. Yesterday evening, at six o'clock, an inquest was held at the Shake peare's Head public-house, Shakspeare's-walk, Shadwell, before Mr. Baker, coroner, on the body of James Petrie, late carpenter of the ship Katherine, who died from exhaustion at sea on Tuesday last, under the following afflicting circumstances : Mr. Wm. Henry Kemp, of the London-road, Southwark, master mariner, deposed that he was captain of the Katherine, and left the port of Sunderland with a cargo of coals on Tuesday afternoon last. The weather was very severe, and when the ship got out to sea it blew a gale. The cold was intense, and the snow fell heavily. Unfortu. nately, in getting out of the harbour the vessel shuck on the bar and sprung a leak, and there was great diffienity in keeping the ship afloat. All hands were compelled to work at the pumps, and after they had been engaged for about six bouts the deceased fell down from sheer exhaustion, and exposure to the wet and frost. Ile ordered him to be taken below, and half an hour afterwards he found he was dead, Tho deceased was 45 years of age, and he stood at the pumps, working like a horse, until he could stand no longer. His strength was completely exhausted, and he complained of the wet and the cold, When the poor fellow was done up he looked at witness in the face, took him by the hand, and fell. lie then had him carried below to the half deck. A Juror—Did you give him anything, any stimulant ? Captain Kemp—l really had no time to give him anything, and not one of us could leave the pumps. The wet clothes were freezing upon me and my men. The weather was tremendous, and the sea was wash. ing over the decks. The ship made so much water that not one of us expected to reach land. I never left the deck from Tuesday until Fri day night, and tasted neither bite nor sup until Thursday morning. I endeavoured to put out one of the boats coming across the Deeps, and it was lost. The ether boat was stove in,and the vessel afterwards got ashore on the Ship.wash. We arrived here on Saturday night quite knocked up. All the crew were frost-bitten, and lam suffering a good deal myself. There were five feet water in the hold, , and, while at work at the pumps, our clothes freezing to us. The poor carpenter's j,cket was frozen to his back. A Juror—Could you not put back ? Captain Kerr.p—No, Sir ; it was impos,ible. The Jury returned a verdict " That James Petrie died of exhaustion and cold at sea while in the performance of his duty as a seaman on board the Katherine.'' The deceased has left a widow end five children unprovided for at Sunderland, and the Coroner and Jury expressed an anxious hope that something would be done for them. AT OTTER- READFUL MURDER DEN, NEAR LENHAM. A dreadful murder was committed on Saturday evening last at Otter_ den, Kent. A steal farmer and his wife, named Jenkins being desirous of spending the evening at a wedding party, had engaged Hannah Giles, the wife of a rat catcher, who lived about a quarter of a mile distant, to take care of their four children in their absence. It was arranged that Mrs. Giles was to CONTI.` at tea time, and the children, the eldest of whom was about thirteen or fourteen years of age, after they had in ♦ain waited for her to come and make their ha, sent one of the younger ones, aged about nine or tell, to see why she did not come. He shortly returned much frightened, saying that he saw some person tying on the snow in the roast, with a light as if smoking a pipe. This alarmed the children so much that they locked themselves in, and remained so till the return of their parents at about ono or two o'clock in the morning. Mr. Jenkins and his wife then went to wards Mrs. Giles's cottage, and saw the body of the unfortunate woman lying in the snow, which was horribly stained with blood, from a shot wound in her breast, and a dreadful gash her throat, which was severed from ear to ear. Her clothes had bean partly burned from her body, having apparently been ignited by the shot of a pistol which was lying beside her, together with a sheath of a razor. Jenkins alarmed the few persons a ho lived near to the spot, and proceeded to look for her husband before they removed the body. In two hours lie was found returning from Charing, much in liquor. The spot around where the body was found having been closely examined, it was found that the needlework which the unfortunate woman had taken with her, and also her shawl, were a few steps nearer to the house of Mr. Jenkins than the spot where the body was found, as if she had att:mpted to return after having been shot. Footmarks were traced in the snow through the fields, by a circuitous route towards Lenham In one place the person tracked seemed to have fallen on his hands and knees in getting through the gap of a hedge, and marks of blood were traced on the snow where his left hand had fallen. The pistol was identified by a blacksmith, as one which he had sold about a fortnight before to Samuel Scagus, who had been living in the adjoining parish of Stalesfleld, and who had been staying with the deceased, in the absence of her hus. band, from ten o'clock till twelve on the day before the murder, when he went towards home. He had been seen casting bullets a few days previously, and took out the above-mentioned pistol at two o'clock. He was afterwards seen at Charing in the course of the afternoon, and begged a draught of cold water from a person there, who gave him some cold tea, which he drank and departed. Seagus is a widower with two children, and his intimacy with the unfortunate deceased had been the subject of much remark amongst the neighbours. The deceased was the mother of four children. The eldest girl is out at service, and the youngest was left in the care of a woman of about eighty years of age, within about a stone's throw of the place of the murder. The two eldest boys of the unfortunate woman, of the respective ages of ten and twelve years, were passing from shopping along a footpath in a field in their way to the old woman's cottage, at about half-past six o'clock in the evening, and heard the report of a shot, and some female immediately afterwards scream several times. They were dreadfully frightened, but little thought it was their unfortunate mother! The unfortunate woman was about forty years of age, and Seagus about thirty. The following is the description of Samuel Seagus :—" Ile is about 5 feet 4 or 5 inches high, of a light complexion, pale face, and light hair, walks atoopingly, has a slow, whining mode of speaking through his nose, is about thirty years of age, and a shoemaker by trade. He had en when last seen a dirty fustian shooting coat, corded striped trousers, besot shoes, newly soled and specked, and black hat." It is understood that he has relations somewhere in London, and also beyond London, from this county. —3laidstonc Gazette. ADMISSION TO THE FRENCH CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES. A Member of the British Parliament, being lately at Paris, felt de sirous to witness the proceedings in the Chamber of Deptitiec. Under the impression that, as in England, the President of the Chamber had a number of admission tickets at his disposal, and in any case expect ing at the least a civil reply through the President's Secretary, he wrote a polite note to M. Dupin, requesting the favour of admission. The answer he received was couched as follows :—" Persons who want ad mission to the Chamber ought to address themselves to the Questors, * and not to the President." Not much encouraged by this specimen of gentlemanly feeling and consideration f o r a stran g er, y et moved by his anxiety to be present at an approaching debate of importance, the ap plicant addressed himself to one of the Questors, whose name he was in formed was M. Clement. This functionary improved upon the con. duct of his superior by returning no answer whatever. Such conduct contrasts rather strongly with the even anxious at tention shown to the applications from French Deputies and other foreigners here, when they seek admittance to the House of Commons. * The office of Questor is somewhat paral:el to that of our Deputy Sergeant-at- A rms. • MISS PA RDOE'S NEW WORK, " THE ROMANCE OF THE ll•arst."—Miss Pardo° Is a writer peculiarly fitted by ber pecsonal acquaintance with Eastern manners, and the vigour of her imalination, for the accomplishment of the task she has here under. taken, and so ably performed. She Is rich in fancifblneorgeousrwas of ideas, and expresses th em with a power not surpassed by ss, g the author of " Vathek." Most evident also is her intimate knowledge of the habits of the people of whom she writes, and her experience in the nature of their characters, moral and intellectual. The scenes into which she takes us, imaginative as they arc, and the adventures she nsrrates, are, none of them, incompatible with probability; and thus, to the excitement afforded us by the fiction, is added the greater chasm of a pparent reality. No one of her stories flags in its interest; while nothing can surpass her descriptions of Oriental grandeur of scenery, I costume, and manners.—Court Journal. S irj AV ...--.., v---.• , , sta s - i ~- J~ r~j-