The Sun. — London, England, 1821-10-18 00:00:00

FOR THE SUN. THE REVENUE. :pia. EDITOR—As much has been said on the subject of the last Quarter's Revenue, I also, as " , n-twere plodding man of business, beg permission to vbserve, that although one may be at a loss to ac count for the increased Revenue arising from Land Tax, Soap, and several other items, yet that that o Tea and Beer may be easily accounted for on the ground that the poverty of the people obliges them to substitute these low priced articles for the more costly ones of Spirits and Wine. I long ago calculated on this : and Ministers were informed that one of the consequences of the Coronation otAld be an increased Revenue during the last, ;Nod (perhaps) the present Quarter, arising from the increased consumption of exciseable article.s l but that so long as they continued :their . present imperfect system of Commerce nance, they ought not to take the present as a criterion of a future permanent Revenue. Ye there is a calculation founded on sound princi ples of POLITICAL ECONOMY, that seems to have been overlooked by all parties, namely, that in crease of the Revenue which ought to be pro duced from an increased population, were the nation in a sound moral and political state ; considering the vast extent of fertile land we have for the profitable employment of our people, in the best of climates, remaining uncultivated, and capable of producing nearly every thing we want, or man can wish for, and which would, were we to do our own work with our own peo ple, give profitable employment to treble our present population. Under such circumstances,' were the nation in a sound moral and political state, our population ought to increase equal (at least) to 94 per cent. per annum ; and as our Revenue is produced from our consumption (with the exception of one or two articles), it should, from the same taxation, increase in a similar ratio as our population. Had this been the case, those taxes, which produced 50 millions sterling in 1815, ought in 1821 to have produced (adding compound interest to the increase) about .58 millions; but if I judge rightly, they only pro duce this year about 481 millions. Here, then, is a falling off from the point on which they ought to have gained, nearly 20 per cent. on the whole Revenue. From this it is fair to conclude that not less than about one-fifth or 4 millions of our population have been either morally, phy sically, or politically rendered unproductive to the State, or prevented even from existing. This is not only worthy of the consideration of Statesmen, but of Philanthropists ; and in order to relieve my own mind on the sub ject, I should like very much to see, if pos sible, this serious matter some way or other ex plained. If a permanent increasing Revenue, at the rate of 21 per cent. or more per annum on its amount, can be supported without a prosperous agricul ture, all that has been said on the subject of ou r agriculture being the root of and propelling power to our branches of industry, must be ren dered futile; but before this is decided, the per manency of an increasing Revenue should be per fectly proved, for, in my opinion, it would be as easy for a tree to support its trunk, and branches without roots, as for the British nation to support its manufactories, commerce, and finance, without its agriculture being in a thriving state. I also beg permission to state, that after many years research, I have discovered that the prin cipal cause of our present and past distresses is, and has been, National ignorance of the mighty resources of the British Empire, of their capabi lities, and of that system of commerce and finance combined, which is necessary to bring those mighty resources into action, so as to give all our people profitable employment, the nation an increase of wealth, power, prosperity, and Re venue, without an injury being done to any useful class of society. Having stated the cause, the remedy, I pre sume, must be obvious to the meanest capacity. I further contend that if the resources of the British Empire were properly brought into action, by a perfect system of commerce and finance, it would be next to au impossibility for au able person, or a British ship, to lack profit able employment, or the nation to want increased Revenue, wealth, and power. How different is our present state, I leave you to explain ! I remain, with great resect, Your very obedient Servant, A PATRIOTIC ENGLISHMAN and London, Oct. 16. PHILANTHROPIST. The Jews, says a letter from Frankfort, begin again to express themselves with, much displea sure at the refusal of several Governments, and particularly of the free cities, to grant them full and entire enjoyment of civic rights. One of the richest of them said lately, " If, at the Congress of Vienna, we had foreseen this backwardness on the part of the free cities, we could have easily, by the aid of a few minim ; prevented their re-establishment." MADAME CATALAN'. SUMMARY ACCOUNT OF HER TRAVELS, &C. SINCE SHE LEFT ENGLAND. After an absence of seven years, Madame Ca talani is returned to this country, where during her first resi dence she acquired a renown, and enjoyed a degree of success, till then without example. As, since her return, many persons have expressed a wish to be informed of the manner in which, since her departure, she has employed the wonderful gifts for which she is indebted to nature, we think a brief account of her various travels and undertakings will be read with no little interest. We have only to observe, that if the facts which our narrative will present should seem to require proofs, reference might be made to almost all the diplomatic agents of the Courts of Europe. On leaving London, Madame Catalani proceeded to Paris, where the King of France granted her the patent of the Theatre Royal Italien, and condescended to annex, by way of encourage ment, an annual allowance of about seven thousand pounds sterling. Madame Catalans continued for four years proprietor and sole manager of that Theatre, then the most elegant in Paris. She gave alternate engagements to the celebrated com posers, Paer and Spontini, for the conducting the musical de partment, and also engaged, during the time mentioned, almost all the first singers, both male and female, of Italy. Never theless, as when Madame Catalani did not herself sing, the re ceipts were trifling, the establishment became a burthen to her, and she resolved on leaving Paris, and exerting her talents in all the capitals of Europe. The trumpet of fame has succes sively announced to us the glorious fruits of this determination. From Paris Madam:, Catalani went - direct to Berlin, where success the most flattering, and honourS the most distinguished, awaited her. She excited no less admiration by her beneficence than by her extraordinary talents, and his Prussian Majesty be stowed upon her the most honourable reward, in deigning to write her a most gracious letter, transmitting to her, at the 'ame time, the grand medal of the ACademy (similar to that which the Great Frederick sent to Voltaire). The King's letter was published in all the Journals of the time. Mad. Catalani likewise received from all the Courts of Prussia the most dis tinguished testimonies of kindness. Laden with honours and presents, she went from Berlin to Hanover. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, whose enlightened taste for the Arts, and particularly for music, is ge nerally known, received her with all that amenity which dis tinguishes him ; and all the ladies of the Court hastened to make her sensible of their goodness. She gave a concert for the be. nefit of the poor, and was the same evening crowned at the theatre. Madame Catalani afterwards went to Stutgardt. The charms of her voice made such an impression on the late King, who, as we know, was passionately fond of music, that some minutes before his death, which happened a few days after his hearing her, he pronounced her name. From Stutgardt she went to Munich. At this first visit to that capital, in consequence of a trifling misunderstanding, she did not sing. But returning some time after, when she paid her duty to the Queen, her Majesty embraced her, and lavished her goodness upon her, as if to indemnify her for the slight mis take that had occurred. The King was net less obliging in his conduct to Madame Catalani, and was so good as to recommend her to the friendship of his daughter the Empress of Austria. Furnished with \thisepowerful recommendation, M: dame Ca talani went to Vienna, where she met with prodigious success. To give an idea of it, without overstepping the bounds of that reserve which we have prescribed to ourselves, it will be suffi cient to cite the following facts :—At each of her concerts, the great room of the Redoubt was filled to excess, though the price of admission was very high ; the room contains three thousand persons. She also obtained the favour of the whole Imperial Court, and his Majesty the Emperor made her a present of a superb ornamental of opal, enriched with diamonds. The poor shared her success, and blessed the benevolence of her heart. The Magistracy of the city testified at once their own admira tion and the public gratitude, by causing to be struck, expressly for her, a medal which bears the most honourable inscription. For a long time pressing invitations called for Mad. Cateload in Russia, where the brilliancy of her reputation had excited an impatient desire to hear her. On leaving Austria, she made the journey to St. Petersburg, where she commenced with a concert, the tickets for which were fixed at twenty-five roubles. Such was the impression she made, that the room could not contain the crowds of persons which came to thesucceeding con certs, and every evening several hundreds were disappointed of places. At length, she chose for the scene of her concluding concert the public exchange ; and more than four thousand per sons were present. Always the patroness of the poor, Madame Catalani determined that the large receipts of this evening should be devoted to the wants of two hundred unfortunate families in St. Petersburg. When, after this, she took leave of the Empresses, their Majesties condescended to embrace her, giving her assurances of the interest with which the pre-emi nence of her talents, and the excellence-of her conduct, had in spired them. The reigning Empress made her presents of a pair of gold ear-rings, and a diamond necklace. The Emperor Alexander was not less generous ; in the presence of his whole Court he graciously kissed her hands, thanking her for the good acts he had done, and presenting her with a magnificent girdle of brilliants. Madame Catalani remained four months in Russia, and in that space of time the concerts which she gave, as well in the capital as at Riga, at Moscow, and at Wilna, produced her, all expences paid, more than fifteen thousand guineas, exclusive of presents of great value. The liberality with which the Russian nobility encourage the fine arts is well known, and the follow ing is a new testimonial :—When Madame Catalani went from Moscow to Warsaw, she found QA her arrival at this latter city,- a letter from the principal Muscovite nobles, in which they offered to secure to her 240,000 roubles (about ten thousand guineas), if, during the winter, she would come and give ten concerts in their ancient capital. Fearing that her health would not bear the severity of the climate, she was compelled to de cline this offer, advantageous as it was, and for which she con veyed an answer in terms at once of gratitude and regret. Besides the capitals we have named above, Madame Catalani has sung in fifty or sixty populous towns of Germany and Italy ; and every where the most august personages, as well as the public at large, have shewn her, by brilliant favours, that their esteem for her personal conduct and beneficent dispo sition, equalled their admiration for the wonders of her talent. —lt may be said, that her success, and the distinctions with which she has been honoured at all Courts, have hitherto been, and will probably remain, without a parallel. Madame Catalani bad entertained, for some months past, the project of renouncing all public singing, and of effecting a com plete retirement. With this idea, she has refused considerable Slllll3 which have been offered by several of the Courts of Eu rope, upon condition of undertaking the direction of an Italian Theatre. A sovereign Prince had even announced, that if she would consent, he would build a new theatre for her use. The sole motive which has led her to defer the execution of her project was her desire to behold England a second time, and let it again hear her voice, now in greater vigour than ever ; to enjoy, in a word, a second time, that illustrious and powerful patronage under which she acquired her first celebrity, and those fervent national plaudits of which the recollection flatters her pride, and continually renews her gratitude. 31adame Catalani is at presentat Bath. She proposes making a tour in Great Britain and Ireland, and rev4Aung London, next spring. We received at a late hour this day the French Papers of Monday, the contents of which are of considerable importance relative to the negocia tions carried on with the Ottoman Porte by the Ministers of England and Austria to prevent a rupture between Turkey and Russia. It is as serted that these two diplomatists have succeeded in settling the principal points demanded by Russia. One of the conditions most insisted on by the Russian Cabinet is a guarantee for the civil and religious existence of the Greeks ; this existence can never be sufficiently maintained by treaties only, because recent events at Bucha rest have sliel,vn that the Turks do not consider themselves bound to keep faith with unbelievers; and Russia in consequence de mands a material guarantee for the execution of this important article, which object can be accomplished only by stationary Christian garrisons in the most important fortresses in dif ferent parts of European Turkey, to secure the execution of the treaties which may be contract ed, and to assist the Greeks in case any of the stipulations in their favour should be violated.— The Ministers of Austria and England have supported these propositions; and it is suggested that Russian, Austrian, and English troops should garrison All the fortresses in the Pelopon-, nesus except Tripolizza and Navarina ) and that Durazzo, Salonica, Widdin, and Belgrade should in like manner be occupied. The result of this negociation is still doubtful, nor is it pro bable the Porte will make these concessions ) be cause it is accustomed to look Upon, every con blvicm .to the Christian Powers 'rather as a vo . • luntary act of generosity than a proof of its ina bility to resist the demand. The report of the evacuation of Moldavia and Walachia , by the Turkish troops is false : on the con trary, it seems the Pacha commanding the troops in those provinces still retains his former positions. The evacuation of these prin cipalities, it will be recollected, was one of the conditions particularly insisted on by the Russian Cabinet in its last note to the Porte; and the con tinuance ofthe Turkish troops in them, and the march of additional troops to the same quarter, renders it probable that the GRAND SEIGNOR has no intention of complying with the de mands of the Allied Powers. Ills conces sion of them would, in fact, amount to a virtual abandonment of his authority over the Greek Provinces, and prove the cause of endless disputes with the guaranteeing Powers. The Friend of the King, a Brussels Paper, contains an article on the negociations between England and France respecting the affairs of Turkey, which is rather interesting, but which the lateness of the hour prevents us from inserting : " England has proposed," it says, " to maintain the integrity of the possessions of Turkey in Europe, except the two Principalities of Walachia and Moldavia, which shall be ceded to Russia, and also ex cept certain districts of Croatia and Bosnia, to be taken possession of by Austria. On the other hand, Russia is to give up part of Poland as an indemnity to those Princes who shall alienate some of their posses sions. England, it adds, has no other object than to maintain in Europe a real and not a no minal equilibrium between the preponderating powers. This Memoir, delivered by the Duke of WELLINGTON, is a chef d'auvre of justice and po licy and reflects the greatest honour on its authors.', The Memoir thi.tn enters into a variety of argu ments to prove that there was no other way of assisting the Greeks without destroying the ba lance of power in Europe, and aggrandizing the colossal strength of Russia, which would render her still more formidable than she now is to the independence of Europe. The subscriptions for Sir ROBERT WILSON now amount to above 4,0001. The Morning Paper which announces this, in the same column indulges the hope that the straggling Greeks cannot fail to gain friends, now that they are giving proofs of their power to the world; and observes, that the aid they will derive from Europe, in arms, money, and experienced offi cers, will be of signal advantage to them. What a reproach is this to the Noble Lords, and other staunch advocates of Civil and Religious Liberty throughout the world, who are so prominently put forward as the patrons of the subscriptions for Sir ROBERT WILSON ! Are their purses never opened but for individuals who have suf fered in their service, in the cause, not of Civil and Religious Liberty, but of 'Whig-radicalism in England ? Have the Greeks no claim upon the advocates for universal freedom; or are their notions of the universal confined to their own political party at home, and their ideas of liberty realized in the licentiousness and rancour of their opposition to their own Government ? A Morning Paper, with strange inconsistency, attributes the disturbances in Ireland to " a bad Government ;" and, afterwards, in the same column, to " the grand secret," the " master grievance," the " curse entailed on Ireland by the old policy , of Great Britain," viz. the absence of the great land-owners from their estates. And what has the conduct of the absentee landlords to do with the old or present policy of Great Britain Y Why, the very writer, who has made the charge, tells us, in the same article, that so long ago as, " in the beginning of the reign of King Iticiunn the SECOND, the State of England began to think about the recovery of Ireland. For then was the first statute made against absen tees, commanding all such as had laud in Ireland to return and reside thereon, upon pain to forfeit two- thirds of the profit thereof !" The old policy of Great Britain, therefore, has been clearly directed to the redressing of this master grievance. If, as we believe, the absence of the land-owners be the real source of most of the calamities which prevail is the Sister Island, how are they to be induced to reside upon their estates ? That is the real question ; and it is a question of very difficult solution. Is the old policy to be re vived, and a forfeiture of two-thirds of their ren tals to be imposed upon the absentees ? Are they to be compelled to reside so many months in the year upon their Irish estates, or so rgany years in every given period ? Are they to be heavily taxed during their absence, and fined if their absence exceed the period to be allowed . hy laces or are they to forfeit- their estates entirely ? Is Government to be empowered to enforce some One of 'these tigArous, th;iugh. perhaps necessary regulations I—No one, surely, will contend that the Irish land-owners should in this , or any other respect, be placed under the controul of severe laws, which do not operate also upon the laird owners of England and . Scotland. If you compel the Irish landlords to reside upon their estates, it is but just that you should compel the fug' lish and Scotch landlords to do the • same. It is not a good reason against the universality of the measure to say that the English and Scotch landlords already spend a great portion of their time, voluntarily, upon their properties. If they do so voluntarily, there will be the less hardship in subjecting them to a law which only renders that which they are almost all willing to perform, legally obligatory upon the whole of them. But will the land owners of the United Kingdom, by their votes in Parliament, impose upon them selves such a law ? Is it consistent with the habits of personal freedom, to which the`natitro of society in this country, and all our institu lions, have given birth ? Is there any one class of the people, from the labourers on the highways up to the great manufacturers and mer chants of the country, who would willingly sub' mit to this arbitrary restraint? IVe apprehend not ; and therefore we fear that a legislative medy cannot easily be found for the principa l evils under which Ireland groans. There is ne class of persons in this country who are coo' pelted, by law, to reside in unchangeable situa tions, except vagrants, who are subject to punishment if found out of their respective parishes ; and even as regards them, the wisdom and justice of the principle on which the statutes of vagrancy are founded have' been much questioned.—But whether a remedy can be obtained for the grievances of Ireland or not, it is obviously both unjust and absurd to charge her calamities upon the British Govern ment, or upon the " wretched adminidration 01 the laws." The existing laws do not reach the source a the evil. Are the laws against. Bank forgery in England wretchedly administered ? Have there not been complaints, rather, of the unrelenting rigour of their execution ? If the' mere administration of the most severe laws could' have prevented the crime of forgery, we should'. soon have an end to the prosecutions for that offence. But the laws could not remove the motiveg to the comtnission of forgery, cook , net remove the cause of the crime ; and therefore it continued to be perpetrated notwithstanding the severity with which it was punished. EXTRACTS FROM TILE LAST AMERICAN PAPER. Accounts from Laguira of the Ist Sept. state, that three Spanish vessels, richly laden, ran in , ignorant of Laguira being in possession of th e Patriots, and were made prizes, after which La guira was blockaded by a Spanish squadron of one frigate, one brig, and three schooners. Accounts from Santa Martha state, that Gen• DEVEREUX is at Santa Fe, where he was re ceived with the most flattering cordiality both by the inhabitants and the Government in ge" neral. PHILADELPHIA, SEPT. 14.—The British sloop of war Bann, Captain PRICE, arrived at this por t yesterday from Jamaica and Havannah. learn that a piratical schooner was cruizing of Cape Saint Antonio, and had boarded the British brig Alligator, and plundered her of every thing; the brig was afterwards cast away. Baltimore and Boston are the only two port s so far as yet ascertained, that have escaped the severity of the late storm.--(. atimore graph, Sept. 21.) NORFOLK, SEPT. 6.—We are i n f orme d tha the destruction in the country, _in the directo r ' of Mons and L on d on B r id ges, even to th e seg coast, is immens e , i nc l u di ng houses, 'DWI.? bridges, sto c k, corn , &c. it is also said ttia. ti London Brid ge i s swept away b y t h e torren t. The roads are almost impassable, even on horse' back ; the crops are laid low, and the country' exhibits one scene of wide spread desolatiou and ruin. NORFOLK, SEPT. S.--We learn from some ° the counties 'above us, that much injury has be e° done to many of the low ground fields of i° 4 bacco and cor n by th e late heavy rains ; in saT: instances entire fields h ave b een covered by overflowing of the waters. It is thought tha t the pre sat wet weather, after so long a drout- I , ll '/ will benefit considerably the latter corn, and lik e ' wise forward the growth of tobacco. [From the Charleston Gazette of Bth Sept.l SIEGE op LIMA.---We advise our readers t ° speak to this story, as it comes in a very clu esd tionable shape. SAN 111AnTrN's forces were r e " presented sometime ago, by intelligence fr °lll . Jamaica and other channels of South Amer'" an news, as no t excee di ng 5,000 men. If has raised his army even to 10,000, and tempts the siege of Lima, we doubt him su e ' cess, because the Viceroy SERNA is tl:e choic e , of the pe o pl e , an d t h e c i ty i tself is uncommon strong and Opulous. SAN MARTEN was, D C ; cording t o hi s own proclamation, the liberator 0 : Peru since August, 1820, and now we find th B : . , the capital d e fi es hi s forces, though united wit'', Lord COCHRANE, in June, IE2I. The fact I ‘ l embellishments are so common in South Ano' ricaa news, that we find it difficult to dist - oler the truth. , 4 ' 4 * MASONIC NOTICES FOR NEXT 'NUR. Monday, October 22, LoNDo.N.i, Nos. 4, 46, 71, 104, 305, 3214 COUNTRY. Nos. 320, 490, 546, 518. - 23, LoNnox. No. 65. Tuesday, COUNTRY. Nos. 33, 67, 145, 427, 537 Wednesday, 24, LONDON. Nos. 2, 12, 36, 91, 235, 349. COUNTRY. Nos. 86, 216, 235, 314, 414, 440, 442, 47d, 548, Thursday, - 25, LONDON. Nos. 7, 82, 86, 142, 216, 222, 327, 481. General Com. Fem. Sch. at 12. COUNTRY. Nos. 153, 178, 269. - 26, LONDON. No. 421. Co 1.7 Y. - TRY. No. 283. HANTS. MasoN lc lIALL.-IVe are glad to find that a plan is in agitation, for building a Masonic Hall at Southampton. In this rich and powerful County, it is much to be regretted that there is no building exclusively dedicated to the purposes of Masonry, or sufficiently spacious for the meetings of the Provincial Grand Lodge. The spot which we understand has been suggested, is an eligible scite, near the New Market, at the end of Bridge Street, and we hear that the works lately carrying on there have been suspended till the fraternity have finally arranged their plans. MASONIC ODE.--In the account which we recently presented to our Masonic Readers, of ths..lnstallatien of Sir 'Wm. Ch. De Crespigny, as Provincial!Grand Master for Hampshire, by H. R. H. the Duke of Sussex, M. W. G. M., we mentioned the beautiful Ode composed by the !Provincial Grand Organist, Brother Dr. Chard, and sung by Brother Harrington on that occasion. We have now the pleasure of informing our brethren, and the musical world, that we have reason to believe it will be very shortly published, and we have no doubt that every Lodge in the Kingdom, as well as all the English Lodges abroad, will eagerly avail themselves of the opportunity to obtain so delightful a piece of masonic music, of which it is no little praise to say, that it does justice to the taste and talents of Brother Chard, whose merits as a composer are well known. LANCASHIRE. BURY.: -We regret that it is not in our power to satisfy the mquities of our Correspondent H. K. T. respecting the Ma sonic Melodist, published at Bury, in Lancashire, in 1818.— We are well acquainted with the collection, which contains the best selection we have ever seen of Masonic Poetry. We have ourselves endeavoured to procure it in town, and at several places in the Country without success, and we should feel much obliged to the Printer at Bury to inform us where it may be obtained in London; and we will with pleasure take the earliest opportunity of communicating it through our Paper to H. K. T. and our Masonic Readers in general. FOR THE SUN. MR. EDITOR—As a constant Reader and Subscriber to your valuable Paper, it is with great pleasure that I have observed a portion of your columns every week dedicated to the purposes of Masonry, as it is a convincing proof to the Craft of your zeal to promote the diffusion of its principles. In one part of your Paper of Friday last, there is an Extract from the Aus- TRIAN OusgavEn, in which it is stated, that " His Holiness the Pope has fulminated a Bull against the Carbonari, and in extenuation of that Act, cites the Briefs of Clement 12th, and Benedict 14th, in the years 1738 and 1751, who con demned and proscribed the Secret Society of Freemasons, of which that of the Carbonari is only a ramification." Won derful ! What a profundity of knowledge does the Vatican possess ! What researches must it have made into the hidden mysteries of nature and of science ! So, because the Carbonari is a secret Institution, it of course follows that it must be a branch of Freemasonry. Admirable logic ! Now, as I was en tirely ignorant of the existence of the briefs abovementioned, I take the present occasion, through your Paper, of asking the following questions, which I hope some of your more enlight ened readers will do me the favour of answering, viz. Whether the above Briefs are put in force at present in the States of the Church ? And what penalties any of the fraternity would be liable to, if travelling or residing in that part? Your insertion of this in your useful paper, will oblige, Oldham, Oct. 16. Yotir's, &c. J. F. SAIN T LUKE.—Holiday at the Bank, Exchequer, East India and South Sea Houses. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TOZIORROW. Morning, 42 minutes after 8. ( Evening, 14 minutes after 9. THE SUN. SOLEM QIIIS DICERE FALSUM 4UDEAT? LONDON, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1821. Friday,