The Sun. — London, England, 1839-04-15 00:00:00

L . li e. „ TENT s UK" ' fANT DO Cll4_ , S. _ RITSSIA-PERSIA-,AFFGHANISTAN-•- INDIA. rISCOT - ST rALMITITON TO STALQUIA Or CLANRICARDE• Forciin 01?-,ce:October, 2G, 1838. My Loan,--I transmit to your Excellency irterewith a draft of a r.ctc rel2tiog to ev,nts which hav&ieccutly oc curred in h. is and Affghanistan, which youl , PeellericY will addrei to Count Cou.4,Nestoircilc. I aai;te. ( Signed) P 841,1‘1 E 11# 0 N. - His Ezoollency, the Marquis cf Canricarde, &c. -11,1 VitArt OE NOTE TO - El PRESENTED th TILE RIARQRI.3 OF CLANRICARDB • TO COU . NT NEBSELfic;DE. The undersigned . , 13 inStrueted be, his Govern ment to Vote to his Excellevity Connt.NgSselrocle, &c , that events which have lately occured in Persia and in Aff ghanistan render it necessary for . the British GovernMent bo request from that of Russieexplematicrs. With respect to certain circumstances which: are connected. with those events, and whichehave an important bearing npon the ry e lations between Russia and Great Britain. It is unnecessary for the undersigned to remind Count Nesselrode that the British and Russian Governments have, for a long time past, and from similar motives, taken a deep interest in the affairs of Persia. To Russia, Persia is an immediate neighbour ; the frontiers .f the two- countriet.touch ; and it is a legitimate object cf'solicitude to Russia that her neighbour should be friendly and tranquil; so that the Russian territory should be secure. from attack, and the Russian population should be free from the uneasiness which civil commotions in' an adjoining country have a tendency to create. Russia therefore must naturally desire that the Persian nation should beepresperous and contented ; and that the Persian government should abstain from all external aggression ; should direct its attention exclusively to internal improve ment ; and should occupy itself in the pursuits of peace. Great Britain has regarded Persia as a barrier for the eurity of British India against attack from any European rwer. With this defensive view, Great Britain has con *acted alliance with Persia ; and the object of that alliance has been, that Persia should be friendly to Great Britain, independent of foreign control, and at peace with all her neighbours." The interests, therefore, of Great Britain and Russia, with regard to Persia, are not merely compatible, but al most the some ; and hence the two. Governments have felt, that having common objects to attain in Persia,they would find it for their mutual advantage to consult together upon matters connected with Fenian affiths, and to endeavour to pursue, with respect to those affairs, a common course. The expediency of such concert bent.= Great Bri tain and Russia upon Persian affairs has frequently been urged by the Russian Government; and acknowledged by that of Great Britain. Upon this principle ft was e that after the death of Abbots Meerna, in 1133, the two Governments came to en under standing ivith _respect to the part they should take in re gard to the succetzion to the Persian throne, whenever the thee reignieg Shah should die : end that they agreed together to give 'their support to the:ercsent Shah, whom the then reigning- Meearch rained as nis successor.. It is well known to the Russian Go'vernment how instrumental British influence was in carrying that decision of the late Shah roetetlyinto effect ; and iniweventing Persia- from becoming- the tireenre del protrected and 'ruinous ciailwar. The two Gevernments continued for some time after wards to raeintaie the same timilarity in- their respective courses of hoc, to-aerde Perri end the influence of both as exerted by their missiens at Tehran, appeared to be directed towards Vile same end, namely, to secure to- Persia ieternal trannuillity, and external peace. I 11-t in -1036, the Shah ant:out:cc:3 an intention of under ' er "expedition to attack and ecnquer Herat; feund ing thzt ietention upha same antiquated and obsolete claims of a former dynasty orPersia upon 'Affghenistan. The British Minister at Tehran was instructed to dis suade ti:e Shah from such an enteenrite ; urging reasens of iniliseutaiele feece, and founded upon the interests of the Shah himself. But the advice given by the Russian Ambassador was all of an oppe-ite tee:let:icy. Fey while Mr. M‘Neill was tp pealine to the prudenonand :the reason. of the Shall, Count S:rhorneli cxchieg the ambition, end iefleeting the ;:th:vcielge. ; ilio one was preaching =Aeration ant' peace, the other was inciting to-ear and conquest; td-d while the ore pointed out the difficulties and expense of the enterprise, the ether inspired hopes of money and assistance. - Thia ecutieet on the pert of Count Simonich, so much at ve.rienaceith tine professed policy of Russia, determined the British Government to -sees; explanations at St. Pe tels!)urtj . eked accordingly in February, 1837, the Eati of Durham ttated to Count Neseelrode_ what Count Si w,,,edcirg ; eel iequired el:ether that Ambassador was acting in pwsuanct of instructions from his Govern ment. _ _ The. t newer or Count Nwelrode to this inquiry was plain, tiirect, and unequivocal. He Stated indeed thdt he could net but entertain some doubt of the accuracy of the repent had reached the British Government; but 1 "' jeeLredthat if Count SirnoLieh had acted in the mai ner Tyr:let:tad, he had done o in dii - ect opposition to his instruci!en4 which di.t . inctiy anjoiaed him to disr.na:lc the &oh from, malting war az s lnsit , Herat,. at any time, and v circumstances. And the 'Earl of Durham Imieg read to Count Nessclrode a di.q)atch which he bad tec,iv ,, d frc , ln his Goverment, stating the roasons why the P l ritish Cabinet confidered the undertaking of the Shut to t)e pontie.and uuts:se, Nesarretroda said; that he entirrly concurred in the oi.ln , x•ns thus expressed by the G after th2s interview, the Earl of DitITIMITI 'old a convcrtation on the ratne subject with M. 11.4“finiktu, in tho cc,urse %Mehl, M. kod: tinikin offered to tiocince the original hook, in which C. the instructions given to Count tvcre crtsrue ; end ::hick he slid, would prove to the Ea - :-1 of Durl,f-.m, how iittie. Count Slincnich !.La at tended t.) inqruc:iona, if he Lad really acted •in the cr ttatcd by Lall of Durham. Each were eae prcf;! , ziions aLd declarations cf the sian G wrent at Sr. Petershurgh, but very diStrent ^Qa . .:gs of the I'Ll,ssian agents in f';'rsia. Thont, of which the secumoy wzs ciouttai by Nasa;2l . . - 3•3e, in Feluruary, It ve lA?c , n fuily (•••.,ricrricd.h.". Eilbsori;4r.t istferrna.•_kn. For not csrly . did the Prime nniatfr ::f the Shah -state that Coui.t . StruQuirh I],id. 0 ,- gc-; his P.irainn Maje.sty to r od, take. an .cn •,o Hear, ho' C,,tn,t Simouich hir.;stlf . M•NtA that. ha bad done to; thoi2gh to doirg he 'bad disobey=ed his irmtruo'icos, urect2d him re: to urge the Shah to prosecute the n Ear , ?. I; . een Oic i(1 fl :)f o ..ir, add:hal; v.L:r war t4A:ast Kent n +r stated tc tit.r Majesty', Government that . during tit:3 last 4v.•elye months, bas advznez-4i to tt t 6 the sum of r. 0.000 Tomauns to enable bis •.) p-otwc , ito vigcur the war against }!..1=1'.; mnd Lai also announced tu the ; his 1 3, ..;F;An s'votild succeed in taking .e G•Jvernment woutriTchaso Persia from th, P Hlanc^ of its debt to Russia, and R` :_•• ?:, ancc, flui given up, as a c,r.tribu ti. •• s • of the IZussitu C`i-vernt - r.trat towar2.s the eB7P fist ° rarapt;ign egtinst Herat. in his ma , :ch to I: rat...., all the vep7csentations of ',120 c miraenci-d op:rations against. the Noieh!der "tact. A ini.rulaer of the was then aprointed to acertni any ti‘e Shah ; end her Ytajtatfs _Gtvernrurnt have. Le, n in fotnted that ths wi:11 is repo: fed to have hall eneotteagirg .the Persian Govern ment in its Tyoo...,:iingra a4dre.:--i.'it in the mo! . .th of 'Feb. u ary latt;aJetter, to the Cue lln!cr of KAndahar, out to ex: - )2etzak-: of eln:r:ing .from. Persia thycugh the iat• rv,tAion (.%.unt Simoneh, the eess.ion of Herat, aasurieg that Chief. of ;lb fr.lendship of the Count, std ur ging biro to stud. his Colt to the earnn of the Shah. In the me; tjt of March last, rhen t!le state of the re:a:inns letwcen gtea„Britain t0.; ,1 cosEpd!cd the British Mi ,, iA , tcr W proceed to the ean l , of. the Shah before He rat, Co , :.r,t . Simonieh is 141dertood to have urged the. Per gbh IYlii.i6:cr for Poreign Affirs to --rcmonslratcs with Mr. M'Neilt, in order to dissuade him from taking his it,t,•r.ded journey. The 'ground upon which the Persian Minister re.ituti his objections to -tbatjourney, being, that if the Brii;sb Minis:yr, who was ki:o.vn to .disapprove the ope rriong of the Shah, were to arrive at the e-^-p, his pre sence, te're would serve to encourage and strengthen the Atlghai3', e.:11 wou!d therefore be injurious, to the designs of thvi • The British Minister, nsvertheless, proceeced on his j urnity ; but he had not advanced far,.whon intelligence rein hod him that Count Simenich was following him to the Real Camp. One object which, the Britieh Minister proposed to ac comp/ish by gosing to the Shah's camp la:fere: Herat, was to bring about an accommodation between the Persians and the AfrgEans, upon terms equitable to both parties. And his fist eadeavonrs after his arrival were industriously ap plied to persuado the Shah to consent to such an arrange ment-as it was reasonable to expect that the Government of Herat might accept. Mr. 11.1'Neill was. at last authorised by the Shah to go into the town, and to negoeiate with the Government 'of Herat, the Persian Minister assuring him that he was at liberty to coaclucle the matter io any canner that he might thinkoadvieible, and that he had as full power to act for the Persian Government as he had furhis own. The Shah, in oilier to gives time for this negociation, suspended a ge neralialsaalt, for which every preparation had been made ; and Mr. 1141'Neill, cn entering the town, had the satisfac tiono feel, that even, should he not succeed in making peace between the contending parties, he had at least, by his unremitting exertierks, prevented for the moment that effusionfof blood, and that sacrifice of life, which was other wise about to ensue. The night which the Shah had destined for a bloody &s -intuit was successfally spent by Mr. M'lsTeill in pacific no gociatien ; and before the next day's sun bad risen, he had obtained the easenfof 'Karmen Shah, to terms which gave to the Shah of Persia every satisfaction and security which he Lad demanded, reserving only the indeper \ denee of the Government of Heat. The British Ministc.r was rettirning in the morning to the 'Oa of the Shah, belitrilni, that he was thus abut to terminac7 tea par in , a manner swigactory and honour a ble to bath parties; whey, on his way back out of the town, he was informed that Count Simomch had, in the course of the night, erthed in the Persian camp. But the arrival of the Russian Ambassador ivr.• not the only event which had happ,ned while Mr. M‘Ncill was employed in this cc- Forietion ; fc r, simultaneously With that arrival, a change hat..cax.e over the mind of the Shah, who was no longer a t tVad by. day pes:fie spirit which he had manifested on of tl-.:r.tt: Eve6;rg ; auki, notwithstanding the declaration 4...-aiau Minister that Mr. M`Neill bad full power to ne on g „.e . fka- the Persian Government, this treaty was at Ihe Shah, because it did not contain a InEt independence which the Ileratees had so i; .bad been been figAing to maintain. ,The liosti• , pad been suspended at the intreaty , of Mr. s= now I*i:con-min- I a•;freircm.7, a part i he v , r •- ced,; and Count Simonich, !:.yt acted, y reverse,oftthat which the British vkcr t!e Bliab ; as the military ad °Meer attached to 17:,2,.-,1,1r, Mission to direct t'a — (s. t . aft eCtistruction of b it'e• to lilt: ute the offensive operations; f rick ani t i to pmec tons urnts.e— a t h er burs of money for distribution to the Persian St. Petersburg, Oct. 20 (Nov. 1). 1838. M. le Comte—The Emperor bas read with rerious at tention, your Excellency's despatches giving an account of two consecutive interviews, in which Lord Palmerston, speaking of the present situation of affairs in Persia, ex plained the apprehensions which the expedition of the Shah against Herat, has given rise to on the part of the Goverment of the East India Company. On this occasion her Britannic Majesty's Priucipal Se cretary of State for Foreign Affairs did net conceal frern you, M. le Comte, that public opinion in England aseriees to Russian influence a decisive part in the events now pass ing in Persia, and attributes to our Cabinet intentions dan gerous to the security of the British possessions in Asia. This consideration is so serious, it is calculated to have so pernicious an influence on all our relations with Great Britain, that we do not hcsi'ate a single instant to meet the English Cabinet with a frank and spontaneous explana tion, in order completely to remove its apprehensions as to the intentions and views of our Government with regard to the affairs of Asia. The policy, M. l',Arebassadeur, which the Emperor pur soot in that quarter, is guided by the same principles which direct it in Europe. Far from any idea of encroachment, that policy has only for its object the maintenance of the rights of Russia, and respect for those legitimately acquired by all other Powers. The idea of assailing the • security and the tranquillity of the state of possession of Great Britain in India, has consequently never presented itself, and will never present itself to the mind of our august Master. He desires only what is just, and n hat is possible. For this two.fold rea son. he cannot entertain any combination whatever directed against the British power in India. It would not be just, because nothing would have given cause for it. It would not Le possible, by reason of the immense dis tance which separates us, the sacrifices which must be made, the difficulties which must be overcome, and all this, to realise an aJvcnturous scheme which could never be in accordance with sound and reasonable policy. A single glance at the map ought to be sufficient to dissipate, in this respect, all prejudice, and to convince every impartial and enlightened man, that no hostile design against England can direct the policy of irw r h C at ab t i h n e et E in m A p e si r a o . r liar himself jus T t dheiClaMri le dto C L o o m rd te, ,Clanricarde, at the very first inter view which his Majesty had with him, on the day of his soldiers ; and by his countenance., support, and advice, confirmed the Shah in his resolution to persevere in his hostilities. But in about ten days after this time, the progress mace by the Persians in the siege not correspondieg with the expectations which they had been led to form, the Persian Minister sent to Mr. NPNeill, requesting him again to take up the negociation, and to arrange matters between Persia and Herat in any manner he might think proper. An interview took place thereupon between Mr. M`Nrill and the Persian Minister, at which the latter ac cepted, with some trifling modifications, the treaty to which Mr. M'Neill had obtained the consent of the Government of Herat during his visit to the town. The British Minister now a second time flattered him self that he had succeeded in his endeavours to restore peace, and nothing remained to be done for the full ac complishment of that object but that ho should carry back the treaty into the town, and get it signed by the Shah of Herat; but again some unknown and secret cause inter fered to disappoint his well-founded hopes. The Persian Government again suddenly changed its purpose, end, after having agreed to accept the treaty, refused, upon : various pretences, to permit Mr. M'Neill to carry it into the town, in order to ' com municate to Kamran Shah its acceptance by the Persian Government ; and afterwards the Persian Miniater declared his acceptance of the treaty as no longer binding, because the Affghans still continued to carry on their defensive hostilities, notwithstanding a treaty, the acceptance of which' by the Persian Govern ment had been studiously concealed from their knowledge. Her Majesty's Government, have, moreover, been in formed, in a manner which seems to entitle the report to some credit, that Count Simonich announced to the Shah that a Russian army waa about to march on Khiva, Bokhara ; and it is said that he also held out to the Shah the prospect, that an eventual adjustment of the fron tiers between Persia and Russia in the direction of Khiva and Bokhara would be the consequence of a successful issue of the operations of the two Governments against Herat. Later accounts which have reached her Majesty's Go• vernmcat, represent Count Simonich as having counselled, planned, and personally superintended, an assault which was made upon the town by the Shah's forces, on or about the 23d of June, and which ended in the defeat of the Persians, with considerable loss : and it is said that, among those who fell on the Persian side upon that occa sion, there were efficers belonging to the Russian service. The undersigned is further instructed to state, that the British Government possess a copy of a treaty which has been concluded between Persia and the Affghan Ruler of Kandahar; the exercise of which has been guaranteed by Count Simonich, and the stipulations of which are injuri ous and offensive to Great Britain. The guarantee which Count .Simenich has given to this Treaty, tends to afford Russia, if she adopt the guarantee, a pretence to com el the Shah of Persia, not only to make himself m aster of Herat, but to deliver over that city afterwards to the rulers of Kandahar, to be held by them together with their other possessions, in the capacity, ti hick those rules engage by the treaty to acknowledge, of tributaries to Persia. The guarantee, moreover, contains a promise to com pel Persia to defend the- Rulers- of Kandahar against attack from any quarter whatever. It is true, that in this stipula tion no specific allusion is made to England ; .but the inten tion of the parties may bo inferred from the original draft of this treaty, of which, also, her Majesty's Government have a copy, and which was less cautiously worded, and in which specific allusion was made to England, es one of the Powers arainst whom a-sistance was to be given by Russia to the Rulers of Kandahar. Tho undersigned is further instructed to state, that a Russian agent of the name of Vicovicb, but sometimes calling himself Omar Beg, and said to be attached to the Staff of the General commanding at Orenberg, was the bearer of letters from the Emperor and Count Simonich to .the Ruler of Cabool, copies of which are in the possession of the British Government ; and that Count Simonich ob served the most perfect silence towards the British Minister at Tehran with re.. , i)cet to the minion of this agent; a re serve which might seem unnecessary, if this agent were merely to deliver the letters of which he sa-as the bearer, and if 1 his mission wire to have no tendency prejudicial to British interests. But the British Government hare learned that Count , Simonich announced to the Shah of Per sia, that this Russian agent would counsel the Ruler of Cabool to seek assistance of the Persian Go vernment to sup pert him in his hostilities with the Ruler of the Puejaub ; and the further reports which the British Government have received of the language held by this Russian egent at Kandahar and Cahoot can lead to no ether conclusion than that he strenuously exerted himself to de tach the Rulers of those Afghan States from all connection with England, and to induce them to place their reliance upon Persia in the first instance, and ultimately upon Russia. If the British Government could entertain a doubt of the correctness of the foregoing infermation, that doubt wculd in a great measure be removed by the 'unfriendly language with respect to the British Government which Count Simonich held sonE. , time ago to the agent of Cabool at !he Caert of Persia, and of which the British Govern ment possess proof in the Report made by that agent, to the Ruler of Cabool. • It appears, then), from the foregoing statement, that en the last occasion when a communication took place between ihe Governments of Great Britain and of Russia, upon the taiirs of Persia, the Cabinet of St. Petcrsliurgh ourquivo cally disavowed having a_lviaed the Shah to make war ?and asrertcd, on the contrary, that its instructions to the nos shin Ambassador at Tehran were, to dissuade that Sove reign from attacking El-rat at any time. and under soy ciieumstances; but th4t, nevertheless, the Itussiln Arntr,s saclor in Persia has, airing the whole period which has since the above-mentioned communication, strenuously exerted himself to encourage the Shah in his rggressiva• undertaking; end has contributed' his own LsEistance, and that of other ellieers under his orders, to promote the success of the enterprise; and it ap pears, moreover, that although her illejesty'e Government was led to think, from what fell from Cored Nvs,'•Arode in a conversation w hich he Lad on this tubjeet with the Earl of Derham on the Ist Mar, 183 . ,, that Count Simonich would not long remain ha Persia,' that Ambassador, never theless, has continued to remain in Persia, pursuing, with increased activity, and in the most epee manner, the con duct of which his Government had expressed such decided, disspprehation. Is further appears, from the foregoing staternente, that ttlicreas Rur , sia has of late years invariably professed a de sire to concert with Great Britain the course of policy which the two'Governments shoole pursue wi.h regard to Persia, so that the identity of their measures in that quarter might be a manifest preen of their friendship and union, Russian agents in Persia and Afghanistan have lately been engaged in measures studieusly . concealed from the British Govern met, and planned in a spirit unfriendly to Great Britain, and-for objects hostile - to her interests. Thu British Government readily admits that Russia is free to pursue, with respect to the matters in question, whatever course may appear to the Cabinet of St. Peters burgh most conducive to the interests of Russia ; and Great Britain is too censcieus of her own strength, rind too sensible of the c‘tent and st.injency of the means which she possesses to clr.f...nd her o - ,vn interests in every quarter the , globe, to regard wits any serious uneasiness the trans serior...s to which this note relates. But the British Government considers itself entitled to ask of the C..lave: of St. P,teishurg, whether the intentions and the pol'ey of Re;ssia, towards Persia LA towards Great Britain, are to be deduced from the declarations of Count Neseel: ode and 11. Rodoilnikin to the Eat! of Durham, or from the acts of Count Simonich and M. Vieeeich ; and the British Govern , meet thinks itself also justified in observing, that, if from airy ;settee whatever, the lieee.ien Govermeent has, F übsc - q nly to the months of F..l' reary and Msy, len', altered the opinions whirls were then expressed to the Earl of Dornem ; and if that Geveremtnt has in consequence thought fit to give to its Ambassador in Persia instructions dir.metriculiy opnesito t) those which were then dei , eribf d I . y. Count Nesselrede and M. Rodofinikto, and which M. Redefinikin offered to exhibit to the Earl of Durham— ' then, arid in such case, the s} stem of unreserved reciprocal communicatien •upon Persian affairs, which of lete years has been eqabl6bed between the two Governments, gate to the British Cabinet a good iight to expect that so entire a change of policy on the part of Russia, together with the reasons en which it was thunied, would have been made known to her Majesty's Government by the Cabinet of St. Petersburg h, issteed of being left to be inferred from the acts of Russian agents in Persia and Airghanistan. The undersigned, in conclusion, is instructed to say, that her Majssty's Government is persuaded that the Cabinet of St. Petersburgh will see in this communication a fresh proof of the anxious desire of the British Government to maintain unimpaired the friendly relations which so happily subsist between the two countries; and to which the Bris tish Government justly attaches so great a value, because exidanations sought for with frankness and in a friendly spirit, tend to censure misunderstandings, and to preserve harmony between nations. CCUNT NESSELRODE TO COUNT POZZO DI BORG°. THE suV. LONDaN, MONDAY, APRIL 15, ls-ao. audience or reception, which took place at Tsarskoye- Selo on the 16th (28th) of this month. That Ambassador will not fail to report to his Govern ment all that our august Master was pleased to say to him. The confidence which we place in the representative of her Britannic Majesty - , renders it unnecessary for us to add any comment whatever to the report which he will lay be fore his Cabinet. We confine ourselves to referring to that report, in the full persuasion that he will have paid a just trilmto to the political principles IA Well . the Emperor was pleased verbally to explain to him. If the British Government places in those principles, the confidence which they are calculated to inspire, it will be easy for you, M. l'Ambassarlor, to clear up the doubts which it has conceived as to the conduct which we have adopted in the midst of the recent events in Persia, and specifically with regard to the expedition of Mahommed Shah against Herat. In order to enable to your Excellency thus to place in their exact truth, facts which appear to have been strangely distorted, I lose no time, M. le Comte, in communicating to you the whole of the details contained in the present despatch, authorising you to place it without the least re serve before the English Cabinet. That Cabinet knows, as well as we do, the origin of the enmity which subsists between Persia and Herat, the most western part of Affghanistan. That enmity is of ancient date. The Persian Government thinks itself entitled to exact a,tribute from that country, and to claim to exercise over it a supremacy. which, even under the reign of Fut teh Ali Shah, Abbas MCCTZ2, and Mahommcd Mcerza (the present sovereign) appeared in arms to sustain under the very walls of Herat. In despite of these rights on which the Court of Tehran relies, the Affghans of Herat make continual incursions into Persia, reduce to slavery the in habitants whom they carry off from the eastern provinces of that country, and keep up therein incessantly the ele ments of disturbance and revolt. NO doubt the repression of these robberies was loudly called for by the well understood interest of the security and tranquillity of the Persian Government. That Go vernment had an unquestionable right to employ for its own defence the means which belong to every independent Power, and to direct its arms against neighbours who dis turb and insult it. In engaging in a conflict with a pro vince touching her frontier, Persia did then absolutely nothing contrary to her rights; she afforded no cause of well• founded complaint to a third Power, which was a stranger to this dispute between two conterminous coun tries. Still less could she expect to irritate and to offend the British Government, which, by its crigassements with the Court of Tehran, has expressly bound itself not to in terfere in favour of either party, if war should break cut between the Persians and Affghaus. All these considerations put together, establish beyond a doubt that Mahommed Shah, in determining . to mike war against Herat, was completely within the limits of his rights as an independent Sovereign, and that he has in no respect failed in the obligations imposed upon him by the faith of treaties. Neverthelcsa, if this war; as we have just said, has ap peared to us to be completely justified in principle, both by the indisputable rights possessed by the Persian Govern ment, and by the continual grievances occasioned to it by the depredations of lawless tribes, we have, on the other hand, never hesitated to consider as unseasonable and hazardous, any military expedition which the Persian Go vernment might undertake in the state of weakness and exhaustion in which it is placed. Instead of urging it on in an enterprise, which, in our view, offered no chance of success, we have done all that was in cur power to divert it therefrom, and to induce it to prefer an amicable ar rangement with the Chief of Herat, to a state of hostility indefinitely prolonged. It is in this sense that have been flamed all the instruc tions with which the Imperial Cabinet has furnished its Representatives at the Court of Tehran, from the time that we were apprised of the resolution which it had taken to direct its arms - anew against Herat. In 1836, es in 1837, the counsels of our Cabinet, dic tated by a true spirit of conciliation, and of sincere good will, have constantly bad for their olsject the consolida tion of the tranquillity of Persia, and of the neighbour ing provinces, by an arrangement which should put an end to their dissensions, and should prevent Mahernmed Shah from engaging in a hopeless contest. During the winter of 1837, the arrival at Tehran of an Envoy from the Chief of Herat, gave us a prospect of the possibility of a pacific arrangement between the two contending parties. Count Simonich received in consequence a positive or der " to employ all his credit with the Shah to dispose him to a formal accommodation." Such are the very terms in which is conceived the despatch which, by the Emperor's ten:multi, I addressed to that Minister on the 4th of May, • If out counsels here unfortunately remained 'without effect, we are not the less conscious of having employed till our care to prevent - the renewal of a war, of which we bad foreseen beforehand the lamentable issue. Assuredly it is not upon the Cabinet of Russia that can fall the reproach of having suggested or encouraged that fatal enterprise. If it were requisite to give, in this re spect, a proof of the sincerity of our intentions, of the steadiness of our principles, it would be sufficient to quote the single f,:et, that the Emperor has called upon the Persian Government to send beck the battalion formed cf &seer: s, and that too at a moment when we were not igncrrnt that that battalion constituted the prin cipal force cf the troops asseraLle:a in the camp befoie It is or , cisoly with the object cf insisting upon that de mand, that our Nin - Ist.cr applied for and obtained an au to 3,,in tl,e Shah. On his arr,val in camp, Count Simcnich, witnessing the distress in which the l'ors.inn army was, did net think that he ought to refusi b :tie assistance to the Snab, when that Sovereign earnest:ly entreated him to examine the works of the siege. Assuredly, we will not deny the part • which General Simonich took in those winks. Any English officer, placed in sirn;:,-:r circumstances, would unquesiionably have acted in the same manner in order to ri oder to a friendly Sovereign the assistance, which he might have ap plied for in so critical a situation. Nevertheless, even if the Shah had succeeded in coming victoriously cut of that dangerous situation, even if the city of Herat had been forced to; Open its gates to him, the intention of our Cabinet would never have been to give, in that quarter, to.the Persian 'POWer, an extension which might have become a subject of apprehension to the ne.gltbouring enuntriCa.. - Far from that, Our Minister, in the supposition of a fa ' vourable issue, bad deemed it his dety to suggest even tually to the Ccurt of Tehran, the plan of a pacific arrange ment, by means of which Herat would have been . giv(n over by Persia to Kchundil Khan, Chief of Kandahar. Already a negociationl,bad been entered into for that purpese between the latter, and Mohammed Shah, under the good offices of our Minister. - That arrangement, if it had actually taken place, would have bad expressly for its basis the independence of ilifyhan istan, by imposing upon the Shah, " the formal obligation in no way to assail the integrity of the country of which the Srdars are actually in possession, tsar the tranquillity of the tribes of which they are the Chief..." Such an arrangement, pacific and hie ffensive, would hare served, • aceordieg to all appear:mu, to strenghten the in t:al-nal peace t f Afighanstan ; to rut - a step to the dissen siers which have too ort‘a agitated that country ; finally, to cause to revive therein, a state of prospelity and tranquil lity witit2h woulcl hay c rendered that ccurtry accessib'e to the commerce and to the industry of all the nations which are intrrestcd in turning to account tl.e resources of Cen tral Asia. according to the intimate conviction of our Cabinet, the resourt - cs of that canary arc s.:rit'i , •ien.!: l . extensive to be freely opened to the. commercial activi:y of all countries, which, vvitbout desiring to exekole each other, ought to contend among each other by a frnak and honourable com- pa ti ion. Fer cur part, M l'Ambassedeur, r:c consider this com petition as entirely pacific and commercial, but by no means as political or as hostile. Strong in our rectitude and in our conscience, we shall never have anything to conceal or to dissemble which we have designed or undertaken. We are, then, the first frankly to admit to England, that a Russian agent lately proceeded to Cabool for the purpose of commercial inquiry. The fact of the appearance of this agent, of whom Lord Palmerston has spoken to you, 1 , 1. le Comte, is thus com pletely correct. But the origin and tendency of his mis sien seem to have been represented to the Englizh Go vernment with comments of which we are desirous to de monstrate the exaggeration and the falsehood. r that purpose it will be enough for us to say, that the mission of M. Witkcwitsch (Vicovich) to Cabool, wa s simply occasioned by the mission of an agent, whom Doss, Mahornmed Khan sent to us in 1837, to St. Petersburgh, with the intention of forming ccmmercial relations with Russia. In order to ascertain the advantages and the de gree of security which such an enterprise might offer to our-merchants, in a country hitherto unknown to Russia, our Government determined, in the first instance, to send thither an agent charged with letters in reply to those which Dcst Mahommed Khan had been the first to address to us. Such is the clear and simple statement of the circum stances which have led to the momentary appearance of a Russian traveller at Cabool. It had for its object neither a treaty of commerce nor any political combination what ever, which a third Power could have reason to complain of, or to take umbrage at. It has produced, 'and was in ' tended to prcduce, but one result ; that of making us acquainted with a count r y separated from our frontier by great distances, which oblige our Government to increase its precautions, in order that - the activity of one com merce should not ru n the r i s k o f engaging there in ruinous enterprises, without having been enlightened beforehand as to the chlinces to which it might be exposed. In thus replacing the facts in their full truth, our Ca binet can offer to that of London the positive assurance that, in the mission of M. Witkewitch ( Vicovich) to Cabool, and in the instructions with which he was furnished, there has not existed the smallest design hos. tile to the English Government, nor the smallest idea of injuring the tranquillity of the British possessions in India. If there is one Power which might have any appre hension to entertain, or any complaint to prefer, it would be Russia, who is not ignorant of the indefatigable acti vity displayed by English travellers to spread disquiet among the people of Central Asia, and to carry agitation even into the heart of the countries bordering on our frontier. Whilst on our part we ask nothing but to be admitted to partake, in fair competitioh, the commercial advantages at Asia, English industry, exclusive and jealous, would deprive us entirely of the benefits which it pretends to re2p alone ; and would cause, if it could, the produce of our manufactories to disappear from all the markets of Central Asia—witness theremarks of Burnes, and the ten dency of English travellers who have followed his stepson the road to Bokhara, and to the very gates of Orenberg. If we adduce these facts, if we point out the restless activity of certain unaccredited and unrecognized indivi dualF, it is certainly not our wish to impute to the Govern ment to which they belong, the blame of which they are deserving. On the contrary, we consider the British Ca binet to be altogether a stranger to the tendency which we have just alluded to. But in like manner as we place a just reliance on the rectitude of the intentions of the English• Government, so also are we entitled to expect that it will not raise a doubt as to our own. Great Britain, like Russia, must have at heart the same interest, that cf maintaining peace in the centre of Asia, and of avoiding the occurrence of a general conflagration in that vast portion of the globe. But, fo prevent that great calamity, it is necessary carefully to maintain the tranquillity of the intermediate countries which separate the possessions of Russia frem these of Great Britain. To consolidate the tranquillity of those countries; not to ex cite them against each other by nourishing their mutual animosities, to be contented with competing in industry, but not to engage in a struggle for political influence ; finally, beyond everything else, to respect the independence of the intermediate countries which separate us, such is, in our op pion, the system which the two Cabinets have a common interest invariably to pursue, in order to prevent the possibility of a conflict between two Great Powers, which, that they may remain friends, require not to toueh each other, and not to come into collision with each other in the centre of Asia. These remarks, M. le Comte, which the Emperor com mands you to communicate with the most perfect franiencss to the English Ministry, will serve, I hope, to satisfy it, above all, as to the intentions of our Cabinet, and to place in its true light the conservative and disinterested policy of our august Master. After having acquitted yourself of this first duty, leave the goodness, M. PAmbas'sadeur, distinctly to enter upon the questions more immediately connected with the present situation of Persia, and upon which the attention of the Emperor is at present fixed. 'Your Excellency will have the goodness, in the first place, to remind Lord Palmers ton, that of all the political matters which we have had to treat with England, that relating to Persia is precisely the one on which we have always been sufficiently fortunate to establish a perfect agreement between our Cabinet and that of London ; and this for the simple reason that our well understood interests are the same with regard to Persia, seeing that we should deplore as much as England to see that country again become the scene of a political disturb ance, to which we could not remain strangers. Impressed with this conviction, our Cabinet was the first, before the accession of the present Shah, to- propose to the English Government to consider of the means of establishing be tween Russia and Great Britain a perfect understanding on the subject of the affairs. of Persia, in order to preserve that country from the calamities of a disputed succession, and of a civil war. The result of this overture completely answered our expectation at that time. The two Cabinets, you are aware, M. le Compte, acted from that time in a spirit of conciliation and of good understanding, which has fully in sured the success of all their measures. Instructions drawn up by common consent, were sent to their Representatives at Tehran ; Mehommed Meerza, supported by the two Courts, ascended the throne ; and the internal peace of Persia, notwithstanding the elements of trouble which at that time appeared to place it in jeopardy, has not for an instant been exposed to the. slightest disturbance, thanks to the unanimity which subsisted between Russia and Great Br itain. It will not be without advantage, M. le Comte, to place again before Lord Palmerston at the present time the despatch, which at that period he addressed to the Mi nister of England et St. Petersburgb, and which the lat• ter was then directed to communicate to us. Your Excellency will find a copy of it annexed. With this document in your hand, you will have the goodness, M. l'Ambassadeur, to make known to Lord Palmerston that the same sentiments which guided us in 1834, and which led us at the time to desire a friendly understand ing with England upon the affairs of Persia, • are now also the motive of the present step, and inspire us with the full confidence of seeing it lead to results fully as satisfactory as that which preceded it. Your Excellency will then without reserve express the regret which we feel at seeing the relations of good un derstanding between the Court of London and that of Tehran, disturbed for the time, as well as our sincere de sire to see them speedily re-established, on their ancient footing. Have the goodness M. le Comte, to add that it is far from the intention of our Cabinet, to constitute itself a judge of the positive grie'vances which Great Britain may have to .allege against the Persian Government. Those grievances, however, as , we are not ignorant, relate to objects of a secandary importance, It would, therefore, seem to us'alle*able to believe that the Persian Govern-, ment might easily come to an understanding with the English Ministry as to the means of removing these diffi culties in an equitable manner. . • But there is e a. circurestance , of a more serious nature, and a.consideration of 'a higher order, which make us de termine to open ourselves without reserve towards the Bri tish Cabinet, and to communicate to it, in a friendly man ner, the opinion which we entertain upon the actual state of affairs iu Persia. That state of affairs is complicated, and becomes more serious in our view by reason of the menacing attitude re cently assumed by England towards the Court of Tehran. In fact, the navel demonstration to which the British Government has 'ad recourse in the Persian Gulf, the occupation o: the Island of Karrak, and the reports spread abroad as to the approaching re -appearance of the Zil- Sultaun end cf the Persian'Piinces, who are raid to have placed themselVes under Eeglish protection, are so many circumstances which must necessarily inspire Mahommed Shah with the most serious apprehensions. In this state of things, that Sovereign hats thought it necessary to have recourse to the friendship of the Em peror, to re quest his good effices with England; in order to arrive at an amlcahlo understandin g , and to remove the g rounds of alarm, which the attitude recently assumed. t 1 the "British Government, has necessarily occasioned to the Court of Tehran. The Emperor yielding to the wish of the Shah, 2oes not •. hesitate at the present time to appeal to the sentiments of equity entettained by the British Cabinet, with the view of inducing it to put a stop to a state of things which if it should still be proloriged, would end by seriously en dangering the tranquillity of Persia, and would thus be come, to Russia herelf, a matter of uneasiness, which reuld compel her, in her turn, to take immures of security and of precaution. In order to prevent in time, any further complication, of which Persia would infallibly have to regret the lamentable consequences o the surest method - woOld, in out opinion, be to sue the Missicus ed Russia and of Great Britain replace themselves on the • r a ir,e line, and 'proceed Isigether to strengthen the authority' bf a Sovereign whom the two Courts have, by' Connie - en - consent, contributed to raise to the throne. • Thus, in order not to act at present for a purpose con trary to that iv inch she dcsircd, in 1334, to attain, in order not to excite the di,terbances which at that titre site de sired to yrcvent, Englaud accorairg to our inCrnate con vict:ion, aught not to delay to re-establish her relitions with the Court of Tehran upon their ancient footing, to recall her squadron from the Pe'rsian Gulf, and to evacuate the Island cf Karrak which her troops in that quarter have occupied for a time. On her thuS replacing matters in their ordinary position, Euglsnd will find us ready to second her in the endeavour to maintain, hereefter, the Persian Government within the limits: which its own interest recommends it not to trans gress, and for ;le future to renounce every expednien Ike that•eriiich it has just been forced to abandon. It is in this reuse tt]at our mission at Tehran will be in structed to :let 1 encefor;vard in concert with that of Eng land, as soon as we shal have acquired the certainty that the stea which your Ex,:elleacy is directed now to take has at ained its end, and that the Cabinet in London has consented to desist from its hostile attitude towards Pools. Our attitu 7e, M. le Comte, will necessarily he regulated ZICCCI ding to the dcfini:l,c deterrninatiio ,l n whielt the British . Government shill thick fit to edopt. it will rest wi . ,h that Government note, to re-establish, sur" T l L Y etween the minions of Russia awl of Great Drita;nat ehran, that happy agreement of views and of actions . which we had so much a: heart to form in 1634, and which had at that time Leen attended with consequences so beneficial for the consblidation of the internal tranquillity of the Per sian monarchy. If the British Ministry, as We sincerely desire, a re, , d2eides upon reverting to this course, it may h ave full that it will fiod for this purpose in the representative suranc j the Emperor at Tehran, the most active and honest co operation. Colonel Dithamel, whom our august Master has been pleased to appoint to succeed to Count Simonich, is sufficiently known by the moderation of liis character, that his appointriwnt alone may be the surest indication of the line of conduct which he is directed to follow ; as his former honourable conduct is likewise the best guarantee for the fidelity with which he will fulfil the intentions of 'our Government with regard to the affairs of Persia. Destined for the last six months to replace Count Simo nich, Colonel Duhamcl, whose &pelt= had been una voidably delayed, must, at the present time, be on the point of arriving at his post. His presence cannot fail to have .a beneficial influence on the counsels of the Shah, pro vided that the English Government should, in its turn, be pleased to combine its efforts with ours, in order to restore to Persia that repose which is to her a primary condition of existence, at the same time that it is a pledge of peace for the t wo Great Powers who are called mutually to exercise an influence on the destinies of Central Asia. Your Excellency is requested, by command of the Em peror to urge these considerations upon Lord Palmer ston, on delivering to him a copy of the present despatch. We would fain hope that tha.sentiments which have dic tated it, will be appreciated by the British Cabinet, and that it will be. pleased to receive this communication in a manner conformable to the sincerely friendly intentions of our august Master. Receive, &C. (Signed) NESSELRODE. His Excellency Count I'ozzo di Borgo, ice. VISCOUNT PALMERSTON TO THE HON. JOHN DUNCAN HUGH. Foreign-Aloe, September 5 ; 1834. Sir,—ln acknowledging the receipt of your despatch of the Gth of August, I have to instruct you to take an oppor tuaity of expressing to the Russian Government the satis faction of his Majesty's Government at the decision which has been taken by the Shah of Persia to nominate Ma hummed Meerza as the successor to the throne, an event which it is to be hoped will avert the danger of civil war in Persia on the next demise of the Crown ; and you will also say that his Majesty's Government ar e g ratified to find that the Governm e nt s of Great Britain and Russia are actin„.. with regard to the affairs of Persia in the same spirit, and are equally animated by a sincere desire to maintain not only the internal tranquillity, but also the independence and integrity of Persia.- His Majesty's Government will at all times find a rea pleasure in cooperating with that of Russia for such p ut .) poses; and instructions have been sent to the British Resi dent at Tehran, to communicate c onfidentially with the Russian Representative in the furtherance of the common views of the two Governments. I am , 41 ‘ c ' (Signed) - PALMERSTON, The Hon. John Duncan Bligh, &c. VISCOUNT PALMERSTON, TO 'THE COUNT POZZO DI BONGO. Foreign Office, Dec. 20th, 1838. M. le Comte—l have not failed to communicate to her Majesty's Government the despatch upon Persian affairs, addressed to your Excellency by Count Nesselrode, on the 20th October, (Ist November), and , o f which your Excf.l lency, by instructions from your G ove rnment, gave me a copy on the 11th of last month. I can assure your Excellency, that her Majesty's Go vernment have given to this important c emmunication all the attention which it so justly derne.nds ; and• I have great pleasure in being able to state to your Excellency that this communication has in its general result been highly satisfactory to her Msjesty's Government. The leading principle which invariably directs the con duct of the British' Government in the management of its relations with Foreign Powers, is an anxious desire to preserve for the British nation he blessings of peace. This desire must inspire her Majesty's Government with an earnest wish to maintain with all. States the most friendly relations. But as regards Russia, this wish is peculiarly strong. Because an alliance of long standing between Great Britain and Russia; commercial inter. course valuable to both countries ; and common ;nterests of the highest order; must necessarily lead Her Ma jesty's Government to deprecate as a great misfortune, any event which might tend to interrupt the good under standing which so happily subsists; between the Cabinets of St. Petersburgh and London. But all nations have interests which cannot be aban doned: and which must be protected at whatever hazard or sacrifice. And when those interests appear threatened with danger, it is the •duty of the Government of the country concerned, to seek explanations from that quarter from whence such danger appears likely to come. The proceedings of Russian agents in Asia had for some considerable time been so much at variance with the pro fessed policy of the Russian Government, and so incon sistent with the friendly relations subsisting between Great Britain and Russia, that the British Cabinet deemed it its duty to ascertain by frank explanations with that of St. Petersburgh, whether any change had taken place in the declared policy of the Imperial Government with regard to the affeirs in question, or in its friendly •disposition towards Great Britain. The dispatch from CountNesselrode, which your Excel lency has communicated to me, contains upon these points assurances the most full and complete; and her Majesty's Government accept as entirely satisfactory, the declarations of the Imperial Cabinet ; that it does not harbour any de signs hostile to the interests of Great Britain in India; that its own policy with respect to Persia remains un charged, and is the same which in 1834 the two Powers agreed to adopt, (and which I must be allowed to remind your Excellency the British Government and its agents in Persia, have from that time to this, undeviatingly pur-- sued); and that in future the Russian agents in Persia will unite themselves with those of Great Britain in earnestly dissuading the Shah from engaging again in any expedition similar to that which he has lately undertaken against Herat. If such shall continue to be the policy of Russia, and if her agents in the East shall faithfully obey their instruc tions, there seems every reason to hope that nothing can hereafter occur in those quarters, that can be calculated to disturb the good understanding between the two countries; and I beg to assure your Excellency that it is the most earnest wish of the British Government that this good understanding should be firmly and perpetually maintained. The two Cabinets. ba ing thus entirely agreed as to the future, it appears to her Majesty's Government that no good could result' front any controversial discussion as to the past ; and therefore although there are many pas. sages in Count Nesselrode's despatch, to which, under other circumstances, her Majesty's Government would have felt it their duty to reply, yet as matters stand, they prefer letting those passages go by, as belonging to dis cussions now happily closed; making however this reser vation, that her Majesty's Government desire that their silence may not be understood as implying acquiescence in the reasonings, the views, or the statements of any passages in that despatch, to which I have not specifically adverted in this letter. With respect to the unfortunate change which of late has taken place in the relations between Great Britain and Persia, that change has been deeply regretted by the British Government. But it has not been of their seek ing ; and has been forced 'upon them by the conduct of the Shah, and by those evil advisers by whom he has allowed himself to be influenced. It rests therefore with the Shah, and not with the British Government, to determine'when and how soon the relations between Great Britain and Persia shall be re placed upon their former footing of friendship ; but her Majesty's Government are led to hope from the last ac counts which they have received from Persia, that such a satisfactory arrangement may by this time have already been effected. I have, &c. ( Signed) PALMERSTON. His Excellency Count Pozzo di Borgo, &c. THE MARQUIS OF CLANEICARDE TO VISCOUNT PALMERSTON (RECEIVED NOV. 19, 1838. ), (Extract.) St. Petersburgb, Nov. 6, 1838. I am assured that the Shah has retired from before He. rat, and that Colonel Dubamel has proceeded to the Per. elan Court. THE MARQUIS OF CLANRICARDE TO VISCOUNT PALMERSTON. (RECEIVED DEC. 5, 1838.) ( Extract. ) St. Petersburgh, Nov. 20, 1838. Before I took leave of Count Nesselroda, I told him that I should present to him, in a day or two, a note on the af fairs of Persia. His Excellency immediately said, that upon that subject he had just sent off a dispatch to Count Puzzo di Borgo, which that Arninssudor was directed to communicate to your Lordship, and which he would show me, if I desired it. Since my interview with his Excellency, I have received a few lines from him, of which the inclosure is a copy, ac knowledging the receipt of a note which I was instructed to present to him, and com,cunicating to me a copy of the dispatch which he has addressed to Count Pozzo di Borgo. ( IncloL ores. ) eouNT DUESSELRODR TO TIM MARQUIS OF CLANRICARDII. (Count Nesselreclo to the Marquis of Clauricard3.) St. Petersburg, Oct. 30 (Nov. It), 1838. I have the honour, my Lord, to send you herewith the despatch which I have addressed to Count Pozzo on the eff,iirs of Persia, and which will have crossed in the middle of the Baltic the communications which I, received Jester. day from you on the same subject. These two documents prove that our Governments desire the same thing. It therefore Bees not appear to me impossible that we should come to an understanding with each other. It is with that hope that I renew to your Excellency, &c. &c. (Signed) . NESSELRODE. THE MARQUIS OF CLANRICARDE TO VISCOUNT PALMERSTON (RECEIVED DEC. 5, 1833. ). (Extract.) St. petersburgh, Nov. 20, 183 S. Count Nesselrode proceeded to talk' of Persian affairs, and of the note which I had presented to him. Ha pro-' tested against the existence of the slightest intention on the part of Russia hostile to our Asiatic dominions. He said that naturally they desired to posaes3 influence in Persia and in Turkey; but that such influence was not for the purpose of injuring British possessions or British interests. Count Nesselrode acknowledged that Count Simonich had certainly acted in a manner of which be had a right to complain; and therefore that functionary had been recalled. COUNT NESSELIIODE TO COUNT POZZO DI DORCII.-COMMUN GATED BY COUNT POZZO DI Bono°, FETI: 25, 1839. St. Petershurgh, Jan. 29, 1839. M. le Comtc-.=-I have had the honour to lay before the Emperor the communication which Lord Palmerston addres sed to you oa the 20th of -Dec. last, in reply to that which you; Excellency made to the English Ministry on the suLjoct of the affairs of Persia. Our august Master has seen with satisfaction that our spontaneous overtures on this important question have been received by the Government of her Britannic Majesty with those sentiments of confidence which so positive and frank an explanation of the pacific intentions of the Emperor was calculated to inspire. Our Cabinet, quits as much as that of London, has sin cerely at heart to avoid a painful controversy between the two Governments, whose alliance, as Lord Palmerston has said with so much truth, is so ancient, and whose interests are so closely united. Following the example of the British Ministry, we will abstain from reverting to what has passed, and we will not take up the allegations contained in more than one passage of the note of the 9th of November which the Marquis of Chnricarde was instructed by his Court to address to relative to the late events in Persia. The communications which have in the interval been exchanged, relieve us from replying now to such of the assertions of that document to which we could not sub *crib?. la conformity with, the desire frankly expressed in Lord Palmerston's letter we consider this discussion as closed by the explanations which have just been exchanged in London. Those explanations have afforded to the two Cabinets the opportunity of receiving and of offering on either side assurances which bear the chracter of just reciprocity, and which are inseparable from each ether. The Government of her Britannic Majesty has received from us the formal assurance that it in no wise enters into the views of our Cabinet to desire to direct the slightest hostile combination against the security of the English pos sessions in India ; and that, far from that, our policy in respect to Persia has invariably remained the same as it •wes in 1834, at the time when a perfect understanding was so happily established on this matter between Russia and England. In return for this clear and precise declaration we con sider that on our part we may rely upon the intention and upon the desire which the British Cabinet has, on its part, expressed, to the effect of replacing the °Her of things in Persia on its ancient footing, by re-establishing its rela tions of friendship and good understanding with that country. . VY Our Cabinet, in taking notice of that assurance, expects to receive the proof of its entire fulfilment. Your Excellency will have the goodness to repeat the expression of this expectation to Lord Palmerston on de livering to him a copy of the present dispatch. I have, &c. (Signed) NESSELRODE. His Excellency Count Pozzo di Borgo, &c. &c. COUN NESSELCODE TO COUNT POZZO DI BOILDO. St. Perersburgh, February 21, (March 5), 1839. M. LE CORITZ —Your Excallency's despatches of the 17th and 27th January, inform us that the affairs of Persia will probably form the subject of a serious discus. sion in Parliament, and that the English Ministry will possibly find itself obliged to give publicity to the corn. rnunications which have been exchanged on this subject between our Cabinet and that of London. The Emperor directs me to •state to you, in his name, that he does net see any inconvenience in that publicity. The policy of our august Master does not fear the open day. On the contrary, his Majesty will be glad to P ee that the explanations which he has spontane ously offered to England should be generally known. Such communication, by replacing the facts in their exact truth, will enlighten the minds of all upright men, and will dispel the uneasiness which malevolence seeks to pro pagate as to the intentions of Russia. With this persuasion, the Emperor authorizes you, M. le Comte, to declare to Lord Palmerston that he has not the slightest objection to the publication of the despatches relative to the affair: of Persia, of which you h.:ve been instructed to deliver copies to the English Ministry. In conformity with the orders of his Majesty, I will once more recapitulate the whole of the explanations which we have given to the British Cabinet, and thus make as I complete as possible the information which your Excellency bas successively communicated to it. I will begin, M. PArnbassadeur, by summarily reccunt• ing what has passed with regard to the affairs of Persia. It was after the return of the - Emperor from his last journey to Germany that .the attention of his Majesty was for the first time called to the serious apprehensions which the English Ministry felt at the part which our Govern ment was supposed to have taken in the events of Persia, specifically in the czpedition of the Shah against Herat; an enterprise which public opinion in England was more and more inclined to consider as directed by our influence, with an object hostile to Great Britain. So soon as the Emperor was apprised of the existence of those apprehensions his first care was to tranquillize them. He immediately met the English Ministry frankly, by a complete explanation of his policy with regard to the affairs of Asia. He declared his intentions, his principles in that respect, at the very first interview which he granted to the Merquis of Clanricarde. On my part, I executed with respect to your Excellency the orders of our august Master on this important question, by my despatch of the 20th of last October, _ That despatch contains a positive assurance that it never entered into the views of the Emperor to as.ail, in the smallest degree, the security of the British possessions in India. It expresses, on the contrary, our sincere desire to maintain the existing state of things in the centre of Asia, and speedily to re-establish on their ancient footing the relations of friendship between England and Persia. It declares our firrn intention of con tinuing, as we did in 1834, to act in common concert with the British Government, in order to secure the trail- quillity of that country, to consolidate the authority of the Shah, and to maintain him within the limits of his true interests, by dissuading him from any fresh aggression equally hazardous to his o:rn security as to that of the neighbouring States. Lastly, it expresses our expectation of seeing England on her part revert to the ordinary and regular state of things, recall her squadron, and abandon the Island of Karrak, which has been temporarily occupied by the troops which she has sent to the Persian Gulf. This overture preceded that which the Marquis of Clan ricarde was instructed to make to us on the same question, and of which he acquitted himself by his note of the 9th of November. We had just given the explanations which the British Government was desirous of obtaining. We had been the first dispel the doubts which it had appeared to entertain. It had not had occasion to wait for the sa- tisfactory explanations which it had a right to expect from our sincerity. The Emperor had himself just offered them. Such has been our conduct towards England. With regard to Persia, the course which the Im perial Cabinet has pursued has been equally frank and equally correct. As soon as we were made ac quainted with the embarrassments im . which the Shah had involved himself, notwithstanding our wishes, not withstanding our counsels, General Duhamel, who was then proceeding to his post, received orders to make to that Sovereign the representations which appeared to us most appropriate to his position, and to his true interests. Our counsels may be briefly stated in two words :—To re-establish his relations of friendship with England; to abandon the expedition against Herat, which we had al ways disapproved as unseasonable and as dangerous; in short, to return without delay to the centre of his domi nions, in order to maintain there order and tranquillity. Such is the sense of the instructions with which General Duhamel was furnished on going to Tehran. At the moment of his arrival there, the force of events has already realized our anticipations, justified our remon strances, accomplished our expectations. The siege of Herat was raised, the Persian army was broken up, the Shah had returned to his capital. It only remained for U 3 to employ our efforts to re store a good understanding between the Courts of London and Tehran. We have laboured in that work of concilia tion, and we will continue to contribute towards it without remission. Aesuredly an exclusive, jealous, and narrow policy might have counselled us to take advantage of the pre sent circumstances to keep alive the difference between the two Governments, in order to turn to account for the advan tage of cur own preponderance tile rupture of their rela tions. Far be from us such a thought, which the con servative policy of the Emperor reprobates. Instead of widening the breach which the late events have produced in the mutual relations of the Courts of London and Teh ran, our august Master has no other care than to close it for ever ; instead of perpetuating their misunderstanding, he has sincerely at heart to end it at the earliest period. It is to the accomplishment of this object that the repre sentatives of the Emperor have received instructions to direct their attention at London as well as at Tehran. Their efforts appear already not to have been without effect. The first steps which General Duhamel has takerysinee his arrival et his post have been received with deference. The Shah has repeatedly expressed his desire to be made acquainted with the opinion of the Emperor on the actual state of affairs in Persia ; his intention to act in conformity with our advice; in fine, his wish to see our good offices actively employed at London, to smooth away the differ. cnccs which have arisen between the two States. Such are the feelings which our Minister has found, and which he endeavours to keep up at Tehran. On your side, M. PAmbassadeur, you have obtained satisfactofy assurances on the part of the English Ministry. It received our communication of the 20th of October with a jtsct semiment of confidence. Appreciating the motives which dictated that communication, it manifested to us in its turn, its firm intention of replacing matters in Persia on their ancient footing, by re-establishing with that country its relations of peace and good understanding. By my desp:ltcdt of the 29i1l January, you have been in structed, M. le Comte, to make known to the British Ca binet, that in taking note of that promise, we looked to receive proof of its entire fulfilment. Subzequently I have had the opportunity of expressing this expectation verbally to ,Mr. M'Neill, on his passage threugh St. Pctcrsburgh. He has assured me that the re-establishment of the di- pion:athe relations between the two Courts would not expe- Honed any difficulty, from the moment that the' Schah should consent to efihr to the English Government the satis faction which it had demanded, and which it had a right to expect, for the insult offered to the English Mission, by the arrest of its messenger in the camp before Herat. That demand, M. Comte, has appeared to us to be founded is justice. From the beginning we had not hesi tated to declare to our" Minister in Persia, that the circum stances whichlad attended the as rest of the English Mes "Fenger appeared to us to be of -a nature not to be justified on the part of the Persian Ministry, and to demand an equitable reparation. We had expressed this opinion even before the arrival of Mr. St. M - Neill at Petersburgh, resting it solely on the information which the correspondence of our Mission had furnished us with. But after the more detailed explanations which the Mi nister of England hes himself communicated to me, and which I made it my duty immediately to lay before the En; peror, his Majesty has been pleased to order General Duller:fel formally to adsise the Court of Tehran not to delay the satiefaction which England its entitled to demand for the reparation of a wrong which is evidently imputable to the Persian Government. Such, M. l'Ambassadeur e is the clear and plein state ment of the instructions with which General Duhanael is furnished, with respect to the affairs of Persia. With regard to those of Atighanistan, my despatch of the 20th October has already furnished you Some prelimi nary information, which I %sill now make as complete and as precise es possible, in order to leave nothing doubtful or vague. I have already informed you, M. le Comte, that during the siege of Herat a negociation had been commenced be tween the Shah and the Sirdar of Kandahar, with the view of placing the latter in possession of - Herat, when that city should have been taken by the Persians. I have moreyer announced to you that this negociation had, at the request of the Shah, been supported by the good offices of Count Simonich, at that time our Repre sentative at the Court of Tehran. In fact, by the co-operation of that Minister, an Act had been drawn up and agreed upon between the Shah ansi KO kundil Khan, with the view of placing Herat in dependence on that chief, and of securing thereby the trinquillity of the Eastern frontiers of Persia, by putting an end to the acts of plunder by which they are incessantly disturbed. Count Simonich considering that he was acting for the interests of the Shah, took upon himself to give to that act a guarantee which the Persian Government and the Sirdar of Kandahar unanimously required of him, as a pledge of the reliance which they might thereafter have to repose in their mutual obligations. Full of suspicion, each of the other, they equally felt the necessity of appealing to the impartiality of a third party, This motive decided our Minister not to refuse his guarantee, which was demanded from him both parties as an indispensable condition to their engagements. The Draft of Convention containing those stipulations reached us in the month of April 1838. Nothing in that Act manifested an aggressive or hostile design. A strictly defensive system was the basis cf the stipulations agreed upon on either side. Notwithstanding this, the Emperor would not confirm the guarantee which our Minister had given to that Act. The engagements recorded in it, al though purely defensive, were placed beyond the limits which our august Master had laid down for his policy. Con sequently, his Majesty ordered Count Simonich to abstain from makingihimself guarantee 'to a transaction to which our Cabinet thought it right to remain completely a stran ger. That order was despatched to our Minister in Persia, on the 26th of April, 1838, before the departure of the Emperor for Germany. Meanwhile, Count Simonich, without waiting for the decision of the Imperial Court, had affixed his name to the Act, which in the interval had been signed between the Shah and Kohundil Khan. That fact could not produce any change in the determi nation once taken by the Emperor. He had disapproved the guarantee when it was conceived and planned. He refused to ratify it, when it was given without his sanction. General Duhamel has in consequence received orders to declare to the Shah, a; well as to the Affghans, that the compact which his predecessor had guaranteed, has not received the sanction of our August Master. To this declaration General Duhamel added, That the intention of the Emperor has lieu), and will continue to be, not to maintain with Affghanistan any other than purely commercial relations : That his wishes have been ill-expressed or ill-under stood, if any political tendency whatever has been attri buted to them : Finally, that Russia will not take any part in the civil wars of the Affghan Chiefs, nor in their family feuds, which have no claim to our intervention. Such is the language which General Duhamel is ordered to hold to the Sirdars of Cahoot and of Kandahar. On his arrival at Tehran, he found that I is v reeteeeeaer, ds Lerd PalmerstOn has told you, had sent Lieu 'c-' r: 2 .;:ke 'tacit ( Vicovich) to Kandahar. General Duhamel, forthwith, weLoout eprytegt for, and without waiting fur fresh instructions, ,but acting strictly in conformity with the determincions taken once for all by the Emperor, recalled Lieutenant Nl T itkewitch (Vico. vich) from Kandahar. Such, M. l'Ambasandeur, has been the conduct of our Cabinet in the affair of Affghanistan. We leave to. the English Ministry the task of judeineb if j it can still raise the slightest doubt as to the sincerity of erti yiN ts,f ttlr Eli -2. 1 1." 11‘. '— the intentions and of the measures of Russia, of which we have just related the whole course. Let us. recapitulate the facts such as they have tskcn place. In England, uneasiness was excited as to our pretended views of aggression directed against India. Tho. Emperor tranquillized those apprehensions by the most positive lan guage, and by the most frank assurances. In Persia, a serious controversy has arisen:between the Shah and England. The British Minister has left Tehran. A rupture has taken - place. Far from making that rupture serve for the advantage of our exclusive influence, we only aim at re-establishing a good understanding between the two Courts. England demands satisfaction from Persia. Instead of preventing that act of reparation, we are the first to counsel the Shah to acquiesce in it, because we find that justice is in this matter on the side of England, wrong on the side of Persia. In Affghanistan, a Convention is conclud.al under the guarantee of the Minister of Russia. The Emperor re fuses to ratify it, because he cannot end will not have with the Affghans any relations but those of commerce, and in no wise any political interests. A Russian agent appears Kandahar with the appearance of a diplomatic mission. That agent is recalled. Every considf rate observer, who will cast his eye upon the facts which I have just recited, will be forced to admit, M. le Comte, that our Cabinet has done all that depended upon it to maintain in its relations with Central Asia that state of peace which it is the mutual interest of Russia as well as of England to preserve from all attack. It rests now with the British Government to co-operate on its part towards this rc sult, which is so necessary and so 7 . desirable. We can on this matter only refer to cur pre ceding communications, and once more recall to the English Cabinet the wishes which we have expressed to it in our despatch of the 20th of last October. To re-establish promptly the relations of friendship between the Courts of London and of Tehran ; to put an end to the hostile measures adopted in the Persian Gulf; to abstain from disturbing the tranquillity of the people of the centre of Asia by nourishing their animosities ; to be contented with competing in industry in those vast coun tries, but not to engage there in a struggle for political influence ; to respect the independence of the intermediate countries which separate us ; such is, we once again repeat it, the system which England and Russia have a common interest invariably to pursue, in order to prevent the possibility of a conflict between these two great Powers. whch, that they may continue friends, require to remain each within its own limits, and not to advance against each other in the centre of Asia. We leave it to the enlightened jddgment of the English Cabinet to weigh these reflexions in its wisdom. It is too much interested itself in the preservation of the existing order of things, not to be itself convinced that the tranquil lity of Asia can only be ensured in a durable manner bY.a mutual agreement of pacific views and measures. It la important that there should be in this respect a complete reciprocity between the two Powers who ex ercise in common an influence over the destinies of that vast portion of the globe. We submit these consi derations to the spirit of equity and of wisdom of the Eng lish Cabinet, congratulating ourselves that we offer to it, in the explanations contained in the present despatch, a fresh proof of our sentiments of conciliation and of frank ness. It is with this purpose that your Excellency will }PI' the goodness to deliver to Lord Palmerston a cony tf this' despatch, which serves as a complement to our preceding communications of the 20th of October, and of the 29th of January.—Receive, &c. ( Signed) NESSELRODE. His Excellency Count Pozzo di Borgo, &c. VISCOUNT PALMERSTON TO COUNT POZZO DI BORGO. Foreign-office, April 4, 1839. _ _ Monseiur le Comte—l have the honour to acquaint your Excellency that I have not failed to communicate to my colleagues the dispatch from Count Nesselrode of the 21st February (sth March), on the affairs of Persia, of which your Excellency delivered to me a espy on the 25th of last month ; and I feel great pleasure in expressing to - your Excellency the satisfaction which the renewed assurances contained in that dispatch have afforded to her Majesty's Government. Her Majesty's Government have also been much gratified by learning that one of the first acts of Col. Duhamel, on entering upon his functions at Tehran, was to recall Captain Vicovich from Affghanistan. With respect to the relations between Great Britain and Persia, I beg again to assure your Excellency, that her Majesty's Government are waiting with great anxiety for the moment when Great Britain may be enabled to ro establish those relations upon their former footing of friendship; but it rests with the Shah, and not with her Majesty's Government, to take the steps which are neces sary for bringing about the result.—l have, &c., • (Signed) PALMERSTON. His Excellency Count Pozzo di Borgo, &c. &c. &c. VISCOUNT PALIkIE.IISTON TO MR. WNVILL. Foreign-office, March 20, 1838. Sta,—l inclose, for your information, a copy of a de spatch which I have addressed to her Majesty's Ambassa• dors at Paris and at Vienna, directing them to a pprise Hoossein Khan, if he should arrive at either those capitals , that, under existing circumstances, he will not be received at this Court.—l am, &c. (Signed) PALMERSTON. John M‘Nvill, Esq., &e. (Inclesure.) VISCOUNT TALMERSTON TO EARL GRANVILLE AND 513 FREDERICK LAMB. Foreign-office, March 20, 1938. MY LORD, (Hitt)_.By intelligence lately received from her Majesty's Envoy at the Court of Persia, it nppears that certain Persian authmitios, acting, there is too much 'rea son to suppose, un,ler the immediate orders of the Shah, intercepted one.of the messengers of the British Mignon on his return from Herat to Tehran ; and having brought him hack to the Royal Camp, took from hal' his despatchts, and othcrwise maltreated him. For 50 outrawout a violation of the lalv•of nations, her Majesty i Rlinist r in Persia has demanded redress ; and it will do peed upon the course which the Shah may take in this mat" ter, whether her Majesty's Minister will remain in Persia or net. Meanwhile her Majesty's Government have been ap prised that Hoossein Khan, who was smile time ago I, P"' pointed by the Court of Persia to proceed to Etigland, as Ambassador from the Shah, to congratulate her Molest , ' on her accession to the Throne, has actually set out, and has probably' by this time made considerable progress en his journey. Her Majesty's Government, fully concurring in the vie' taken by Mr. McNeill of the unjustifiable conduct of the Persian authorities, have entirely approved of the cours°, which Mr. MtNeill has adopted in this transaction; an t ` under these circumstances it is obvious that the Queol cannot receive at her Majesty's Court any Ambassod er , from the Shah, neither can her Majesty's Secretary 01 State hold any communication with such Ambassador on any matter of business whatever, until information 5 141 i have been received that the Shah has made full reparation for the outrage committed upon the British messenger. I have, therefore, to instruct your Excellency to tak e measures fw obtaining early intelligence of the arrival o f Hoossein Khan at Paris (Vienna), and upon being formed of his arrival, you will immediately apprise hill ) ° the deterrninatkn of her Majesty's Government not to re ceive him or hold any communication with him urder ex isting circumstances ; and you will point out to him th e mortifying position in which he would be placed, if, stead of waiting where he is, to learn the result of this affair in Persia, he should persist, notwithstanding this in timation, in continuing his journey to England. I am, &c. (Signed) - PALMERSTON. His Excellency the Earl Granville, G. C. B. &c. His Excellency Sir Frederick Lamb, G.C.B. acc. THE REIGNS OF EDWARD TIIE SIXTH 11. 17 MARL—We are requested to state that Mr. Fraser Tytler's new historical work, entitlo.d " England under the -Reigns of Edward VI. and Mary, with the coutempor er t, History of Europe, illustrated by Original Letters, &c,' in. 2 vols. Bvo., with Portraits, is published this day by " Bentley, New Burlington-street, Publisher in Ordinary t.°, her Majz.sty, who will also publish during the presc.,,L, month, Bishop Goodman's " History of his Own Time, containing Memoirs of the Court and Times of Quce,, a . Elizabeth and King James 1., with numerous Letters tor e the most Eminent Personages of those Reigbs. by whole now first published from tho Originals. Edited he Rev. J. S. Brewer. • T. 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On Sunday, the 14th inst., at Belsize Park , Ilart*stead' Henrietta, wife of John Wright, Esq. wife t if On the 6th inst., Mrs. Catherine Frances HilldruP, __ Lieutenant John Ifilldrup, of N On the 7th inst., William C e oyle o y - n a*Y. l, the infant $0" William Carr, Esq., surgeon, of 13'arckln e —tr ab, On the llth inst., at 131;v-green-lodge, Chcshunt, Sa r - widow of the late George Frederick Prescott, Esq. efi On the 13th inst Sarah Cecilia, the wi fe of Mr. Ja nt Roberts, of B o t u l p h:fane. On the 13th i ns t., a t Regmt-square, John Wall , Esq. aged 61. On the 13th inst., Matilda, the wife of William Jac"°ll aged 32. 'll Fen' • On the 13th inst., at Thornwood-lorige, Camden -lit sington, Elizabeth Ann, wife of Henry William Vincent , stir. and daughter of the late Colonel Callan der, of Craigfort lingshire. London: Printed and Published by 1111RDO 61"'"` i No. 112, strand, at The Sun Office. No. 112, the county of Illiddlesox.—Monday, April lb, 1839. 4 .