The Sun. — London, England, 1821-01-03 00:00:00

rer Cent. !O c : ks*. ÷. 4oll •ks ' . _ 4-4-. - -0 Oglinio arra Tr_pi / I ' .‘" - - • • ,10 , ' 6 A 44-*; „irm ..*; 7 `t: 4 2 „... r ,,,P / i v _e. l , Get fJYT! 1407- _ WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 3, 1821. NUMBER 8847.] [PRICE SEVENPENCE: 7 • OFFICE OF ORD:Vd NCE, Dec. 20, 1 SM.- ' 'TIRE PRINCIPAL OFFICERS of his.ll4- JP.STY'S ORDNANCE do hereby give Notice, n " " le !, w ill by , PUBLIC AUCTION, at the • ER, on 7'UESD.-IY 4 the ;ilk day of January next, at t ' v en o'Clork in the Forenoon precisely, SUNDRY "7.8 of OLD an d UNSERVICEABLE STORES,. girls returns did not believe more than one twentieth part of the corn purchased in that city was ever returned to him; and since that examination a very large purchaser of corn in that city has said to me.—" Do you think if I meet with a snug little bargain of corn for cash where a fanner wants money, and I htty it cheaper than the market price, I will make a return of it ? No, I will not." How then, if bargains are suppressed by design on one hand, and omitted from negligence on the other, amounting together to a considerable proportion of the whole, can the retnrnt in the Gazette be taken to be the true average current price of grain ? Again; few a r ticles vary More in quality than ssheat, and most of the bargains for interior samples, altbough fit for tnealing and used fur mealing, are suppressed and withheld from the returns, under the pre' : tence of their being damaged corn, although the prices at which the same are purchased may be.from eO. to 30 per cent. below the best samples. , . • The great variety of measures still in use, the sale of wheat contracting to make it of a given weight, whereby a man fre quentl sells at the nominal price of 10s. per bushel, and re ceives but Ss. or 9s; when the weight is ascertained, all con- clations, by acomparison of Dr. Colquhoun's estimates with the payments to the property tax,) that the creative power of tsealth from the productions of our soil before the labours of the cultivators were superseded by the iniportation'of foreign productionsotuty free, were as 9 . 9,940,605 t. 16 28,023,468 f. when coMpared with the creative power of wealth from our . commerce and manufactures, then, I contend, that I have made out such a claim on the POLICY of the measure, for the benefit of all parties, as must be irresistible ; and nothing is wanting but ito instruct and convince mankind of the truth of these facts, to receive their universal sanction to the measure for which I am contending. price of grain, within 6t, aa, or even tats per quarter, as to wheal ; and yet this memorable statute enacts, that whenever wheat shall be at or. Above aos_ per. quarter, the lowest prier; at which, on an average of yews, it. is admitted on all hands it can he grown in this country, at that moment the ports shall he alien for the admiasian of wheat, and so on as tic other grain, when it shall respectively reach the prices above quoted, duty free; but riot content with these powers, and as if it were impossible to import enough foreign . graiu,..duty free, during the time the, ports should remain open, the aatit statute previously enacts—'' That front and after the pasain t e of this act, all coin, &c. shall and may, at all times, be al. lowed to be brought to the said united kingilnin,.arithe ware housed there, under the regulations, &c. without payment et any ditty whatever," &o. Now, Sir, really, atter weighing these relatite proportions of cost of production and, pratection afforded, and compar ing them with the prices at which foreign grain can be grown and imported, viz. at 40s per quarter and less, as to wheat, and so in proportion . for other grain, I must confess myself totally at a loss to discover wherein the pratecthat to the British growers consists. • Is it protection, or is it 'imiehery, to say to them, which this Memorable act does most (sophisti cally, " As long as you continue to render grain.to tile pub lic at or below the price at which it has been ascertained you can grow it, on an average of years, von shall enjoy the ex clusive supply of the Route market; but the moment it has been ascertained by the average of prices most impet featly re turned, that the average returns are one farthiag per quar ter above that price, then 30,0b0,000 of bushels of foieign grain, or mole, if it can, by any contrivance and exertion of the merchants, be imported and warehoused in time, befOre the ports, by the opeiation of that last', arc shut, shall be let in upon you, duty free, immediately to compete with you. iat }'our own markets, a lthough such grain canlie grown mot imported at half the price Which you can grow it on an ave rage of years, and notwithstanding you may be mcch less able to sell it at that average whenever .the failure of your crops shall advance the price above 80s. per quarter fur wheat, sent so on for the other sorts of grain." f humbly insist then, without fear of contradiction ur difference with you upont hi; part of the subject, that this is the plain, practical, and une quivocal language of the ever memorable 55th Geo. 111. c. 26, to every cultivator of the soil of the united kingdom ; and I can compare the situation of every cultivator in the kingdom, under its fostering protection, to nothing so aptly, as that of a Dutch felon, who is placed in a cistern with an inlet of water,so nicely calculated to his strength, that, by his utmost labour in pumping, be may save himself only for a tune from drowning, until he may be relieved. The whole tenor and effect of that statute amounts to no more than this ; and I challenge, but with the greatest respect, your utmost inge nuity to point out, or to maintain or defend, that the princi ple or the practical effect of that statute is any other than have here ascribed to it. _ _ c"nstini, u f -- ° lti Brass Furni'urc, Saddlery and Harness, Bedding, smiths`Bell ows , H an d S c r e ws, Chains, Sand Bag Batts, Horse_ t Wheels, Old Iron, Paper, and Powder Barrels. : 417 ''' 4141 e ~t which.may be eiewed.upon application at the 44.0!ipal Storekeeper's O/,iice, ire the Tower, and at the Ro'a' N'uoluieh, until the day of Sale, where printed of the Lots will be delitered to those Persons who may aP T I Y fur.l. 7 4c same- • By Order of the Board, R. 11. CR...ETV, Secretary. OFFICE OF ORDN/IYCE, fide/ 31, 1 FNU. H E PUBLIC are hereby informed that Thirtv,,erc PLATES Of the ORDNANCE SURVEY (ii GREAT BR [TAIN, cart led on tinder the Superintendence ilf the lat e Major-G enera l WILLIAM MIDGE. LLD. F.H. : rh i A.!*;.. are n o w comp l ete , an d th a t IMPRESSIONS from ',Pero are u n S a l e at iheORDNANCE MAP 'O*FICE, its the () Whit of LONDON, and also at WILLIAM FADEN'S, t 4 e,ugraph er to his MaHly, and Agent to. the Board of Ord 7 ba tict . , at (;HARING-moss. Ilrse. PLATES contain the Counties of Kent. Essex, •::, ' „ 4 71 limits, Dorset, Deem), and Cornwall, and propoCr 1,--.- of Somerset, Surrey, Pembruhe, Cardigan, Carmarthen, tatturr, a n Wilts, B n.s Middles ex , Suffolk, Hettiord, and eambridce! I. '' 2 . ' .Part IX. containing nearly the whole of Pembrokeshire, aLtiA portions of the adjacent Country, wea published on the ' t of August, 1819, and as the Work is still in progress, ae:r- L"riiing to the original Design of giving a complete Map of r e 4 l. Britain npon a Scale of one inch to is Mile. the litre io n o f t h e future parts will follow as fast as• toe na ,fr of suet, a Work wilktamit, without increasing the an .ual Ex pense.. .. GC, r alemen wishing to procure a Map of -the Country sur -4 21k n g their own habitations, may, by application to Mr. u .,,,":" 11 , at the Ordnance Map O ffi ce (where an Index Map • ...., ne , Bert) select any sheets they please, for that purpose. a 411 Letters un this subject, addressed to Mr. Baker, under ..., ,, v er to th e S ecretary of the Board ut Ordnance, P a ll M a ll, " II be immediately attended to. By Order of the Board, ..._ tribute to tender the return of prices, so as to ascertain a true average, one of the most difficult things in the world, if not impossible. Still this part of our grievance is to be measured: and, from the best information and comparison I have been able to form, it has amounted to about 10s. per quarter; that is, the actual current price rif wheat has been on an average since passing the Corn Law, about tOs. per quarter below the averages made up and returned in the Gazette : and if so, this act cannot fulfil its intentions to the cultivators, for then are the ports opened by I Is. per quarter sooner than the intent and :weaning of that act was expressed. Ido not pretend that I ant able to prove a variation to the extent of 10s. per quarter between the actual current prices and the returns in the Ga zette—that would be difficult to do; hut a most notorious variation does exist between such returns and the real average prices, and must necessarily exist where the returns are so partial and imperfect, for, except in the port of London, it does not appear by the evidence before the Select Committee that half the coin sold and consumed has ever been returned; and in the port of Bristol, not one twentieth part of it: How then 'can any system of protection, subject to such imperfec tions and variations as I have here exposed, continue to re ceive your sanction and support ? If the principle were good, and the measure of protection adequate, I think I have shewn'you that the cultivators of the soil can never receive the full measure of protection intended them by the Legislature, under all - the difficulties of collect ing the returus; but whether this variation-shall amount to 10s., Ss., or 6s. per quarter, still it is definable at some point, and I make no greater objection on this - score to the present law, than that point shall amount to, call it which of these sums, or any other you will; but by so much, I think you must allow - the cultivators of the soil are defeated, by the impossibility of obtaining accurate returns of that protection which the Legislature intended them under the provisions of the 55th Geo. 111. c. es. These objections, however, are of minor importance compared with what I have to observe, and might' be easily remedied, by raising the protecting price as much as the variation between the real current prices and those returned in the Gazette, might be ascertained, or con sidered to amount to. R. H. CREW, Sec. HOOKHANI'S LIBRARY. • OOKRAM has the honour to acquaint the . Subscribers to Library, and the Public, that he ..C'i.P.tst published au ADDENDA to his CATALOGUE.— t ,“ . Nipplenient comprises every recent publication of gene ibterest. 14 _ 11 ins of is to be had at the Library, 15, Old "40 d - strect, opposite Stafford-street. t"11.1 0 11 ASS4 BENGAL, with liberty to call at MADEIRA. 1: - 4 t r ._,.. "-- .4; - \. , D The remarkably fine SHIP, LADY LUSHINGTON, ALEXANER. SCOTT, ` m m d r. now lying at Gravesend, rand -r!;, wi l l I pu a s n itfveiy tail "titiVl i DAY NEXT.— ,d Burt ben 630 Tons. This Sliip was built —t " up for the E;,st India Trade ;' has very superior ni nnonlations fortPassengcrs, and carries a Surgeon. I , Ight or Passage, apply to G. H. GIBBONS, 4 3 , St. .Axe ; or - tu CURLING and DOME , 10, George- Lombard-st rect. LF- , I .i. ER from GEO. WEBB HALI, - , Esq. ( =RAI. -4 , in,z to the GENERAL COMMITTEE Of NIAVAG:•:M EMI for t GRICULTURALASsOCIATIoNS ia 'GREAT BRITAIN, TaZ RIGHTIION.FREDERICK JOHN ROBINSON, Preiident of the Board of Trade, (i.e. ,Ye. C'n t he IMPOLICY of the PRESENT CORN LAWS, AI!F4CTING THE GENERAL INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. if nd he zavt; it for his o pi n i on , that wb ue r e r could make 4. I T) tars of corn, or two blades of grass, to grow upon a spot ,„rifrnund where only one grew before, would deserve bet (4,4 f and do more essential service to his than th e w h c .l e race o f po li t i c i ans put toget h er ." • i g of Brogdignag. Sneed Park; near Bristol, Nor. 95, 189.0. 111- -.:l'be notice whi c h y ou . h av e givers. in the House of itt -:btu ntorns, of y our i ntent i on to amend the present Corn Law t he ensui ng N Session of Pa r li amen t, as to t h e mode of ascer ,. • - 4 ' l l the average prices of Grain, must be my apolocy for - Present. intru s i on ; an d as I h ave been long convinced .t'at no Legislativ e enac t men t can comp l etely and thoroughly -.."'tsvilish this end, and moreover, if it could, that the whole Y3t rltt of protection professed to be given by that law to the t:ltitivators of the Soil is radically bad and ineffectual, I trust 1441 hilore you attempt to mend, what I shall hereafter prove You to-he incurable, you will condescend to listen to and .'itnine the facts and arguments, which I have now the ho , - "' t° submit t o your considerat i on, w i th t h at candour and 'ibP:" ' tiltl itY which all trite and enlightened Statesmen are -"I' disposed to leud to the observations of practical and ex lierienced persons in the several pursuits of life; in which ex perience Itas g,iven " them information; and having claimed, 'trust Sec ured, your attention to the representations I are' at, t heir ow h °L it to make' desire n o f ur th er regar d f or th em , th an % , ic " weight on your sonnd and impartial judgment, for 14ail I um Persuaded you will give them, will entitle them to ,r's you for no favour, no partiality, no monopoly on 144 4 1 4 of the cultivators of the soil of Great Britain and Ire „f , 4 1 ,' b ut I do claim at your hands, as President of the Board Ntai i ' ; ale ' a nd ;15 such the persons officially entrusted by his co.,11:1:s Government with the regulation of the internal tn ee th r ee and industry of the country, that even-handed jus tom at rigid eq ua li ty of rights, that sound and effec tirat Pru tectio u for the skill, capital, and industry of the cul- N cu , l ,: s of th e soil of Great B r it a i n an d I re l an d, which the rest ~fte circumstances of these islands with reference to the iN st Eur oPe so imperiously demands, and without which I ttnd doubt not to be able to prove tbe_ agriculture of thlivi:"ltrYcannotbe carried on. ee,ns4"t objection to the present system of protection is,that t 'ite ms. wcre s ound and eff ec t ua l i n o th er respects no ellaC 104 t); "4 ,tPenalties, no V i g il ance t h at can he exerte d b y inspec a~rr,turq of tir n arcn, ev er i nsure t o the grower such an p e hases of g r ai n , as s h a ll ascertain the arr '"" ll' l" r' anti 4r aln in th e s evera l di s t r i c t s i n w hich returns • is vi;itt, t o u tt whi c h the opening and shutting of the ports 11 - , 1 13 , ,, 4 , 7tri k t . u,:t tlidtUat inb ence efore the Selec Committee of the Ui the city of iicistol,thcinspec f or of Having, Sir, submitted to you some of the difficulties at tending the execution of the preliminaries of the present laws, I came now to grapple with the• principle of the act passed in the Ath Geo. 111. c. 26, entitled, " An Act to amend the Laws now in force for regulating the importation of Corn;" and here let me entreat your most serious, atten tive, and unprejudiced consideration to the observations I shall have the honour to submit to you, on one of the most important questions ever agitated in the British Parliament, and which, although so important, I regret to say so very few of its Members appear to have given it that consideration which its importance to the prosperity, nay, I will add to the existence of the British empire in all its glory, so imperiously demands. It is unnecessary to iofornr yon, Sir, although it may be material to call the attention of others who may read this letter to the circumstance, that the industry, the-prospe rity, and the glory of these islands are principally encou raged, maintained, and supported, by the security which the laws afford to all its inhabitants; and that in exact pro portion as this security for the industry and property of its inhabitants ho withdrawn, or omitted, will the stimulus to action and industry be regulated ; it is to the security afford ed to the skill, capital, and industry of our merchants and manufacturers by the Sd Edward IV. c. 4., to the Navigation Act, and upwards of tyo other statutes passed from time to time for the protection and security of nor merchants and manufacturers, that they first acquired capitals, and then by means of those capitals, so created and protected, that they have subsequently acquired and maintained that superiority which they have so eminently displayed over the whole world besides: but withdraw these securities, 'repeal those statutes, throw open the British market to a participation with the whole world, and what would become of the splendour and ropes iority of the British merchants and manufacturers? You cannot he unacqoainted, Sir, that the whole system of British commerce and manufactures is . founded on monopoly and legislation ; these islands may be said to be almost her 'nnotically sealed avainst the reception of every thing which our merchants can transport, or our mannfactures can create, without coming through their hands, and . paying them such a tribute from the consumers as such limited supply, and the demand to; ere several articles in which they deal, ena bles them to collect. Now, Sir, I mean to submit to your most attentive consideration, and to your most deliberate judgment. that if the cultivators of the soil of these islands are in the respective reqiiisites•of skill, capital, and industry, and in the employment of labourers, to ail intents and pur poses as much merchants and manufacturers of the produc tions of our s o il, and are as vulnerable to competition from, other countries, as our merchants and manufacturer can pos sibly he in the sereral'articles in which they deal, from forei:zo competition, on account of hover wages in other conotri,s, then. 1 think, you must admit, that I have e.itablished such a c l a i m to your jnstice for equal protection to lire cultivators of the soil, as the merchants mid manufacturers already enjoy, as you can can never resist nor answer. But, in addition to this. if I shew (as 1 have done at page 40 of the Origin and Proceedings of the - AgricOltaral Ass°. I appeal, therefore, to your ..tusirci in the first instance, and contend, that as long as the merchants and manufac turers shall continue to enjoy all the protection which the r , tottibitory duties in their favour afford them, the cultivators of the soil have an equal claim on your justice for, at least, such countervailing duties on the import of all the produe tions they grow, as shall balance the difference of the value of labour, and the contributions to which the growers are liable, between this country and others not enjoying the be nefits of the British Constitution. -On every .priaciple of justice, therefore, I claim at your hands the same, or at. least adequate protection fur the skill, capital, and industry of the cultivators of the soil of these islands as the merchants and manufacturers already enjoy, whether 1 succeed in proving it to he the best Policy or not ; but if I succeed in demon strating, that the wisest and soundest policy for all parties imperiously demands this, - and that the whole of the present stagnation and degradation, which all confess, in the Bri tish market for the productions of agriculture, commerce, and manufactures, arises solely for want of this adequate protection for the skill, capital, and industry of the cultiva tors of the soil, then, upon every principle of POLICY as well as justice, you are bound to grant us the protection we solicit, for the general good of the whole. Now, Sir, although I do not mean to abate a tittle of our claims to the protection we seek, on every principle of sound and sub stantial justice, yet I mean to rest my pretensions to your ear and influence principally on the policy of the mea sure, and contend that, putting justice totally out of the ques. tion,-you are bound to investigate this policy, and grant the relief we pray, as much for the sake of the merchants and manufacturers as our own. The great misfortune in all con flicting interests is, that mankind are in general so blinded and prejudiced by what they conceive to be their own imme diate interests, as altogether to lose sight of principles, and of facts, on which their ultimate and permanent good principal. ly depends ; thus, for instance, the fascinating cry of cheap bread, no reasoning, no argument, can withstand, and the populace arc immediately hurried away with the ideas cheap bread, forgetting that with that cheap bread they lose their market for their labour, and the chances are, that many of them will-have no bread to eat, except what they may obtain by parochial aid. But Sir, I respectfully, although confident ly, ask you to consider, what hrive the cultivators of the soil to offer in exchange to the merchants and manufacturers for their goods, wares, and merchandizes, when imported or made ? Why, truly, nothing but the 'productions of their own soil which they have created. Now, if by import of si milar foreign productions, duty free from Russia, Poland, and ether places, where land and -labour are of 'less value than in' this country, the merchants and manufacturers succeed in reducing the value of the productions of our own soil to a level, or neatly to a level, with those of Russia or Poland, do they not see in a moment, that they must at the same time reduce the wants, and the ability to supply those wants, of all our own cultivators, and their: labourers, to a par with those of Russia and Poland ? The value of labour regulates the value of almost every property we can name. Could not the enlightened and enterprizing Merchants and manufacturers of Great Britain contemplate or believe, until the experience of the last few years should teach them the melancholy fact, that inexact proportion as they succeeded In reducing the value of the productions of our own soil by imports from poorer countries, duty free, they could not fail to reduce their own market at house for every production which they vend, by - diminishing the funds destined for the purchase of their goods ? Let us hear what the truly enlightened Doctor Adam Smith says, on a vim filar case.—. If," says he, " new mines wet e discovered as 'lnlet superior to those of Potosi as they were superior to those of Europe, the value of silvei might beso much degraded as to render even the mines of Potosi mat worth the working:" —will, if this be true, then, by a parity of reasoning, we may infer, that if the productisons of the soil of other countries,—' countries, where land and hbourare so much chea pet than in these islands,—be imported duty free, t hen will the produc tions of the soil of Great Britain'and Ireland be so much de graded as to render the soil not worth the cultivating. To this point has this country been verging ever since the open ing of the ports for such productions at the retort; of peace, and this is the real cause of all the stagnation of which the ineiehants acid manufacturers so loudly and so justly com plain, without being able to ascertain, or at least to confess, the' cause ;--t hey are now sat:mina - under the unexpected effects of their own impolicy and; injustice towards the culti vators of the soil, and which, unhappily for the country, and for themselves, they had too .much influence in the Legisla lature to carry with the very high hand which they did in the instance of the 55th Geo. 111. c. 26. What has this me-• morable act dune for the cultivators of the soil, and what does it profess to do? We hare it in evidence from the re turns laid before Parliament, that in the year ending :Alt Ja nuary, 1819, it did. admit 26,799.367 bushels of corn and grain into this coudtry, duty free ; and, if 'to this we add the quantity imported between that day and the 15th February fotlcswing, the slay the ports' did close, we shall find the j amolint little short of 30,000,000 of hostiels of cot it and grain imported duty free, under the provisions of this memorable act, to hee:strie amalgamated with and sold without restriction in our own mai kets, in cur - in:anion with corn and grain, which, it is admitted on all hands, cannot his grown in this country, on an average of years, for his than 835.. per quarter, as to wheat, and so in proportion for other grain,;--while this foreign grain could be io:posted as to -wheat at less than 40s. per quarter, and Co in p.o;oortims for other grain. This is the protection, or rather the destruction, which th s memo rable act has effected for the cultivators of the soil of these islands. Now let us examine what it professes to do. It is admitted on all hands, that, on an average of years, wheat cannot be grown in this country under SOs. per quarter ; 'yet in the teeth of this admis:ioo, and of the evidence given lie fc;re the House of Commons in t-814, 18is. statute eoacts-, " Tita` sock toreign corn, &c. niat lie permitted to be imported into the said incited kingdom, for home consumption, !M -ar and subject o, the provisions and, regulations now hi force, without payment of any duty whatsoever, whinier cr . the average prices of the several sorts of British corn, made up and published in the manner now by law rquited, shall he at or above. the prices hereafter mentioned; (that is to say.) whenever wheat shall be at or above the price of 80s per go: lter,—rye, beer, or big:, 40s—and oats, 27s per (porter." I have already sheiva yon the difficulty, it not itoptmitOlity of a,ccrtaining the real. aver.tge current The fact, theft, turns out to be, if my reasoning be correct, that this statute is not. that fair, sototd, and equitable, pro tection' to the skill, capital, and industry of the Briiish cul tivators which skill. capital,and labour; in every other branch of industry in the kingdom, is surrounded with and protected, and by which alone many of them exist in this country; for without the special protection they receive from laws,", made in their favour, the Spitalfiehls weavers can - no more compel with the Asiatic in price, than I can with the ',Russian ei Polish cultivators. .„ But, Sir, the real touchstone, of merit, the truest 'mode of ascertaining the purity and validity of any Specific ple and practice, is to apply the remedy in question toortos other subject ; and if the measure which I consider the mer cantile and manufacturing - interests to have calctilated , for us, and to have forced upon you, in 'lBl5, by the ,'.:)&th. Geo. 111. c. 26, shall be found to answer there, and you will apply it to them, front that moment will I On en der every objection which I .have urged to this •law. :end never speak • nor write another word against it wbile I live. I will select two branches of skill, capital. aiid.in dustry, for the experiment—the growth and intro - WWII of sugar, and the manufactory of hat , . Srtppose the legislature were, by evidence betore a select committee, to ascertain .the average at which sugar can he grown and imported, and hats mitunfactoted, in this country; and then they were to apply the principle and practice of the 55th Geo. 111. c. 26, to the import of sugar, and 111 e manufactory of hats, whenever the price of either should exceed such average; how long elo void think the growth of the one, or the mautifactory of the tither, .would exist, under such extraordinary regulations ? Iteguhi tiohs that, if applied to these productions, would be ca lied monstrous and absot d. Would men embark capitals, and erect factories, under such chilling, •h may say destructive, provisions as that. act would prove to those brai:hes, of in dustry ? And can you bring yourself to believe that agricul ture is alone immortal, and invulnerable to the operation of such destructive provisions ? •Impossible ! The success of either is alike the offspring of skill, capital, and industry, duly protected aild secured; and neither branch of industry could !wig sustain itself, whether the cultivation of grain ,r of sugar, or making of bats, under such disadvantages, sac's ductnations, and insecurity, as the principles and ed . . cts cf the 55th Geo. 111. c. 26, when applied to either, imposes upc them. The first care, therefore, of every enlightened and profound statesman, should he to foster and protect the Agticnsiture of his country,. and all other. .prosperity will naturally tit from this fountain, Let us appeal to' Doctor Adam Smith on this subject !. " Whatever," says the Doctor, " increases the fertility s.f land in prodocing food, increases not only the value of the lands upon which the improvement is bestowed, but Conti- o likewiSe to increase that of many other lands,-by creat. iOg a new demand for their produce. That abundaisec isf food of which, in consequedce of the improvement of land, many people have the dispersal beyond what they themselves can consume, is the great cause of the demand hothJor the precious metals and the precious stones, as well as for every other conyeniency and • ornament of dress, lodging, house hold furniture, and equipage. Foed not only constitutes the principal part of thes iches of the world, lint it is the abun dance of food which gives-the principal part of their value to many other sorts of riches." • But the mercantile and manufacturing interests of the pre sent slay seem not to attend to these wise and profound obser vations of Doctor Adam Smith: they seem nut to know that the fund Irons which all their enterprize and industry have been so well rewarded in this country, has been fire printut tions of the soil Of these islands ; and that in proportien as his fund has been degraded and reduced Iselow its status at standard, has their own means of prosperity been ride ail and degraded also. They, on the contrary, Seem enamoured. the more fascinating but superficial maxims of a Itiardo, " That the rise of wages is the fall of profits ;" and contend, that it is essential to their prosperity to have bread cheap, ar tificially cheap, by importing corn, duty free, whenever the price shall be OM, farthilig per quarter above the lowest price at which it can be grown in this country, on an average of years whereby they may hemp down the wages of tabour, and 60 compete in foreign markets with foreign inantifactnrera.— But let us again appeal to the more eulightened and profound Adam Smith, and examitie what hr sa l s on tiois part of the subject ;—'• in raising the price of commodities, the-rise of wages operates iii the same nosoner as simple•inf crest /toes in the accumulation of debt. The rise of profit operates •li!se cons pouts d interest. Our merchants. anil master mann facto e ers complain :touch oft he bird 'effects of high Wages in raist:4 .. the price, anti thereby Lessening the sale of their . goods.ho; l / 4 a t home and ahroad. They say nothing concerning the - b.,a. effects of high priifits. They are silent - , sitti regard- to the perniciims effects of their own gains. They.euniptans only of thine of other people." And in another place he says, " The superiority which the industry of thetowus has every where in Kw opt over that of the country, is not altogether owing to ein potations aI) f : • poration laws. It is supported by nia:oy other tegalaiionn. The high duties upon foreign 11M011f.lettares, and upon all Bonds impartial by alien inerehants, all Nord to the same pur pose. Corporation laws enable the : rola:shit auts. of limits to tai ,:e their ••piices, without fearing to be under/If:Id by the competitioo of their own couotrymiis.• Those other regula tions secure them equally against that of foreigners. The estrous resent of price oceasi.h.e.l ter tom ) i s ever y w h ere fi na lly paid , my the landlords, farmers, and labottrers of the ceuotry, who !sore seldom opposed the establishment of such monopo lies. They hare commonly neither inclination nor fitness to enteranto combinations; and the clamour and sophistry of merchants and manufacturers easily persuade them that the private interest of a part, and of oi•sishordiorate part of the secocty, is the general Interest or the whole." ['ro ter continued.]