The Sun. — London, England, 1845-03-10 00:00:00

1 - 3 trb Vibition' SUN OFFICE, Seven o' Clock. RAILWAY COMMITTEES. (THIS DAY.) The Committee decided that in the following cases the staVing orders bad been compli ed with, viz., Midland (Lin coln and Ely) Railway, North Woolwich Railway, "fork and North 3lidland (Doncaster Extension) and Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lynn, and Manchester Railway. In the following cases the Committee decided, that upon minor points the standing orders had not been complied with,. viz., Midland (Nottingham and Lincoln) Railway, and Midland (Swinton and Lincoln) Railway. The Committee adjourned at Half-past Four. TATTERSALL'S.—THIS EVENING. Six o'CLocK. CHESTIR CUP. 12 to 1 agst Cataract 12 to 1 agst Semiseria 16 to 1 agst Obscurity 16 to 1 agst Era 22 to 1 agst Zanoni 25 to 1 agst Winesour 25 to 1 agst St. Lawrence 33 to 1 agst Trueboy 50 to 1 agst Milton 66 to 1 agst Foig-a-ballagh. 66 to 1 agst Sorella DERBY. 10 to I agst Alarm 16 to 1 agst Idas 16 to 1 agst hedger 16 to 1 agst Cobweb colt 20 to 1 agst Pam' 25 to 1 agst Clear-the-Way 30 to 1 agst Pantasa 33 to 1 agst Mentor 40 to 1 agst Old England 40 to 1 agst Annandale 40 to 1 agst Fitz-Allan 50 to 1 agst Young Eclipse THE LATE EXPLOSION AT BLA CKW ALL. INQUEST ON THE BODIES—(THIS DAY.) The examination of Mr. Farey (in continuation from our Afternoon Edition.) —The boiler had been burst by a very intense pressure. It was not to be accounted for on any supposition of the safety-valve which he saw being merely overloaded; but he thought that it must have been fastened down, thus rendering this case very different from those explosions which they had on record. All the steam pro duced being retained, and so accumulated within the boiler, occasioned a pressure which had burst the boiler with ex treme violence, projecting large pieces to a height in the air and to a very great distance—one piece in particular had cut itself into the bricks of a wall at a considerable distance from the boiler, which showed that that piece must have been projected with a ♦elocity which might have been expected from an explosion of gunpowder, but not from any ordinary explosion of a steam boiler. The earth on which the boiler stood had been forced downwards by the violence of the explosion, that being a symptom of explosion by gunpowder, but not a usual symptom of explosion by steam. The appearances convinced him quite independent of any information to that effect, that the valve had been fastened down, and that the engine had not been at work at the time at any speed which would pro duce escape by expenditure. He was convinced that a pres• sure of 1001bs. on the square inch would not pro duce the effect which he had seen there. The pro duction of gas within a boiler, and the explosion of that gas would be impossible, unless in the case where a boiler was empty, or nearly empty, and the metal in the vi cinity of the remaining water red hot. There was no ap pearance o (such having taken place. The supposition that hydrogen gas might be produced within a boiler was that a portion of the water in it had had the oxygen absorbed from it by the oxidation of the metallic parts of the boiler. Ii that took place oxide of iron must be found in the boiler in palpable quantities. There were no such appearances in the present case. Another supposition was requisite to account for an explosion taking place of the hydrogen gas, supposing it to be produced, namely, that atmospheric air, or oxygen, frota some other source, and that that oxygen in a state of gas should become mixed with the hydrogen, as it was only the mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in a gaseous state, which would cause an explosion, the explosion itself being in fact a combination of the two gases previously mixed in suitable proportions for combining. The supposition was, that the water was first decomposed and again combined at the mo ment of the explosion. In this case he saw appearances which warranted him in supposing that the water had been decomposed, and recomposed again in the form of gases. There was no appearance of a sufficiency of water in the boiler; the uppermost row of tubes which must have been the first to have been laid dry by the deficiency of water, were brass, and showed no symptoms of having been over heated. It• they had, the brass would not absorb oxygen from the water in sufficient quantities to have liberated any hy drogen. The tubes lower down were iron, and showed no appearance of having been red hot. In answer to a question from a juror, Mr. Farey said that in explosions in gas works he found them arise from a combination of hydrogen and air, and they were always attended with fire. In at• tempts made some years ago to construct engines being propelled by a vacuum caused by explosive actioa—a substitute for steam-engines—the circumstances were so similar to those attending this case, as to leave no doubt whatever on his mind that the explosion was occasioned by the elasticity of steam alene. There were two instances on record of explosions from safety-valves being fastened down—one in the case of a boiler of one of the earliest attempts at locomotives ; the other at Lyons, by which Mr. Steele lost his life. He had never seen so much violence oc casioned by any steam explosion before, in fact it looked mere like the effects of gunpowder, for the ground was de pressed to an amazing extent by the recoil of the boiler. Edward Bell, engineer, Putney, stated he had practised for the profession for eighteen years, and was also a public leeturer on steam-boilers. lie had seen the boiler in question, since it had been removed, and he had also heard the evicience of Mr. Farev. The conclusions that gentle • man had drawn were perfectly correct. The safety-valve must have stuck fast, or it must have been fastened down. Two valves would have been more safe ; because, in the event dl' one getting fastened, the escape of steam might take place by the other. Those parts of the boiler which were tere exposed to view bore no appearance of having been overheated, and it there fore appeared that the pressure must have been gradual, and not instantaneous. That would have been the case had hydrogen gas been formed in the boiler, and from the obser- N ations he had made, he could only attribute the bursting of the boiler to the safety-valve not having acted properly. Ile had examined the safty-valve, and found that the difference between the area of the valve and that of the valve-box, immediately above the scat, was only three inches. This would allow an escape sufficient to prevent an explosion like the present. Ile also concurred with Mr. Farev that there must have been at least a pressure of 1001bs to the square inch. The pressure must have been immense. The CORONER asked when the engineer, Lowe, would be enabled to be present P—Mr. /Bain, his medical attendant, said that upon Friday he might be able to attend. The ConmsErt thought that in that case it would be better to fix Monday next for further inquiry. The inquiry was then adjourned to the latter period. IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT (THIS EVENING.) HOUSE OF LORDS. The LORD CHANCELLOR took his seat on the Woolsack at Five o'clock. SALE OF SPIRITS ON SUNDAYS. The Bishop of LONDON presented seventy peti tions from various parts of the country, praying the House to prevent the sale of ardent spirits on the Lord's Day. The Right Rev. Prelate said, that al though he could not go the whole length with the petitioners, he would observe that the clause intro duced into the Metropolitan Police Act, prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors after a certain hour on Sundays, had had an extraordinary and gratifying effect in improving public morals, so that there was a very great diminution in the number of charges at the pollee offices on Mondays. A similar clause, intro duced into the Liverpool Police Bill at his (the Bishop of London's) suggestion, had also been attended with the most happy results in that great town. This he had upon the authority of one of the magis trates, who assured him that the people of Liverpool could never be sufficiently grateful to their Lordships for so great an improvement. He thought that the provision ought to be extended to other large towns, and that so far their Lordships might comply with the prayer of the petitioners. FE NIALE PROTECTION. The Bishop of LONDON also presented a petition from the clergy and other persons in the town of Uxbridge, on the subject which had been brought under their Lordships' notice last session by a Right Rev. Prelate, in order to put down those houses which were used for the seduction of females, and who were desirous of protecting females from the evils to which they were exposed.' AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION. The Duke of WELLINGTON presented a peti tja from Basingstoke in favour of agricultural pro on. IMPRISONMENT FOR DEBT. Lord BROUGHAM presented petitions from the Ayr Stewatry in the county of Kircudbright, and from another place in Scotland, on the subject of im prisonment for debt as regulated by the Act of last session. Lord BROUGHAM also presented a petition from certain gentlemen, attorneys at Oswestry, who were entitled to practise in the Courts of Westminster, and who from their position as masters extraordinary in Chancery were authorised to take oaths. The petitioners, their Lordships were aware, were highly respectable individuals, and from their peculiar position their experience was highly valuable. They stated that it was their impression that if the Act of the Lord-Lieutenant for Sussex had been acted upon it would greatly have tended to prevent the commission of perjury, which was fre quently occasioned by the necessity for taking so m any oaths in the courts of law and justice. REMEDY FOR CREDITORS. _ _ _ Lord BROUGHAM also 'presented a petition from the City of Bath, praying that after all the necessary ril i mmun ity had been given to the creditor that ad ditional means might be given to the creditor for re covering his claims from fraudulent debtors. The Act of last session touched all the goods but did not in many instances to uch the incomes o: debtors. Creditors could not seize the rents of their debtors, neither cou ld the y touch their salaries. If therefore a man had a salary of 2001. he might go to several tradesmen and contract debts of 191. and up to 201. each, and then laugh. at his creditors. He (Lord Brougham) would OTAHEITE remedy this defect. . The Earl of MINTO said, that in consequence of the indisposition of his Noble Friend, the First Lord 'THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING-, MARCH 10, 11445, ing. With not one of these great articles had he dealt, except sugar, with respect to which he had sacrificed revenue with very little benefit to the con sumer, and simply for the interest of the West India planter.—(Laughter from the Opposition.) Now, if the Right Hon. Baronet had dealt with the articles to which he had referred, fairly and fully, his Budget would, indeed, have been beneficial to the poor, it would have come home to the case of the poor man by greatly diminishing the cost of necessary articles of consumpeion. It would also have been in accordance with the soundest principles of economical science. If the Right Hon. Baronet had dealt in a proper manner with these several items of taxation, he might have rested satis fied that, through increased consumption and the prevention of fraud, the revenue would have so recovered from the effect of reduced taxation, that at the end of three years he would have been able to dispense with the income-tax, the country getting the full advantage of the change which had taken place.—(Hear, hear.) For such an object as that he (Mr. C. Buller) would have been ready to submit to the income-tax for three years, and to run the risk—which he was persuaded would have been a very small one—of incurring the necessity of its further continuance.— (I Lear, hear.) But the Right Honourable Baronet came forward and proposed a reduction of taxes, which, though they might have been properly re duced one by one at any convenient time, ought not to have been allowed to interfere with the wiser ap plication of the whole surplus en masse.—(Cries of " Hear, hear.") The proposed reduction of taxes did not hold out the slightest of the revenue being restored.—(Hear, hear.) It was true that the Right Hon. Baronet, with that goodness which distinguished him, turned round to his' supporters and told them that he left them the most unfettered liberty of deal ing with the income-tax as they pleased at the end of three years, and the mode in which he prepared the way for doing this was by sweeping away from his budget every farthing of the surplus which he possessed above the expenditnre, ever while the income-tax was continued.—(Hear, hear.) They were told that as a matter of course if they reduced taxes the revenue would recover and produce the same amount. But he did not find any one who was sanguine enough to go with the Govern ment in that statement. They must loek upon this, therefore, as the sole experiment which they had to try with the revenue, they must regard this as the sole gain which they were to have for the surplus. They were to get the remission which the Right Hon. Baronet proposed to make, and for that they were to have the income-tax fur ever. Thus the question was, what the House had to decide—whether they would take the income-tax fee ever, and receive, in satisfaction, the reduction of taxes, which the Right Honourable Baronet proposed to make. He must confess that he did not think that anything that had been offered could reconcile him to the con tinuance of the income-tax.—(Hear, hear.) It had been said that this was eminently a poor man's Budget. Now, he had always observed that when the Govern ment did not know what to say in support of any measure which they might have happened to propose they invariably said that it was for the benefit of the poor man, and some Hon. Gentleman on that side of the House had been allured by the cry that this budget was for the benefit of the poor man. Now be (Mr. C. Buller) could not see how they could have by any possibility reduced an equal amount of taxation on any articles which would have conferred so little benefit on the poor inan.—(Hear, hear.) First their was the sugar tax. Now, they were all agreed on that (the Opposition) side cf the House,: that they could not have reduced any tax with such little advantage to the in terests of everybody except the West India proprietors. He believed that there was not any body on that side of the House, always except the lion. Member fur Dumfries, who was so en amoured of the income-tax, that he would rather see the proceeds thrown into the sea than not have it —with the exception of the Hon. Member for Dum fries, there was not one Gentleman on that side of the House who would consent to the continuance of the income-tax for the sake of the reduction in the sugar duty.—(Hear.) Was it the auction duty the reduction of which was to benefit the poor man.—(Hear.) 'Was he to gain by the removal of the tax upon exports? —(Hear, hear.) He must confess that it seemed to him that the export duty was paid by foreigners. He did not think the poor man could .gain much by its reduction. But then there were the 420 article of the tariff. Now, he had looked at them all, and he could not conceive what the poor man was to gain for the reduction in them. The Right llon. Baronet would not give the poar man corn.—(Cheers.) He would not give him butter—(Cheers)--but he would give him alum to adulterate his bread—(Cheers and laughter)—and lard to adulterate his butter.—(Renewed cheers and laughter) Now he did not know, unless it was per haps, upon such articles as Divi Divi and albanalla, on what it was the poor man was to gain. It was true he had never before heard of these articles, and he had no very longing desire to hear an explanation as to their qualities.—(A laugh.) Then there was glass. Now he believed the poor man would benefit some by the reduction of the etbuthe Chancellor h e of the duty on glass than upon that of any other article ; not that he believed he would ge t it much ocheaper,to a f d ro va m nta g ch es eep w ftitian money. Then there was sugar—th en th ere w a s h. T Exchequerhadoburstforth l'ie s hth s e poor men eloquently would onder the e e ; and the First Lard of the Treasury had dilated at length upon the advantages which the poor woman would derive from a cheap cotton go w n. Now he (Mr. C. Buller) never treated of millions ; he left those to the First Lord of the could dressed calculate. from t Now,opto Treasury and the Chancellor of the Exchequer; but letwl etnhetm heyeame to pence imagine a poorce he man, toe in fustian -- that is to say, with a fustian e coat, a fustian waistcoat, and fustian trousers — Now let them consider this subject scient . r•ca y—let them come to weights and measures. He had made numerous inquiries, and had taken great pains to as certain, and he had come to tha conclusion that at the outside the weight of this dress would be four and a half pounds.—(Roars of laughter, occasioned by the admirable mode in which the Hon. and Learned Gentleman inmitated the manner in which the Premier usually makes his statistical statements.) He had been told that he must make an allowance of an additional half pound for waste. That would give five pounds as the quantity of raw cottom em ployed in the manufacture of the suit of fustian. The duty on raw cotton was five-sixteenths of a penny per pound ; therefore the poor man could save, on the suit, twenty-five•sixteenths of a penny, or one penny and nine - sixteenths. He then took the case of a woman'e gown.—(Laugh • ter.) In that he had also made inquiry. —(Much laughter.) Ile made allowance for waste, and he found that the reduction in a woman's cotton gown would be about Ss, 4d. Supposing a woman, there fore, to have two gowns a ye, her husband would save lid. a year. The two, the husband and wife, would have to be grateful to the Chan cellor of the Exchequer for a saving of 3d. a year. His (Mr. Buller's) own belief was that they would never get their 3d., for he be lieved ;that the poor consumer would never have a chance of getting jacket, waistcoat, and trowsers, which cost altogether 13s. or 145., even though they reduced the cost of the articles by lid. 11 hy, the poor man, although he might save 3d. a year, vet he would have to pay 3d. a month, in the shape of taxes, to the West India proprietors. There could be no doubt that reducing the duty on raw cotton would be useful to the poor man, as the means of increasing his em ployment. In the reduction of the duty on glass, the most important effects would be the sweeping awey of the restrictive system in the excise laws. He was, however, inclined to think that the Right Hon. Ba ronet would have done a great deal of service to the labouring classes of the country by diminishing the taxes which raised the cost of the necessaries of life. And this could not be done without increasing their employments. He did not believe that they could serve the cotton trade more effectually by sweeping away the tax upon raw cotton, than they would by sweeping away of the taxes on tea, as that would enable the merchant to get a return from China. He could point to one or two other duties, as most material for such an experiment. He was sure that Hon. Gentlemen would not agree with him in saying that the wine duties and the spirit duties were proper subjects for reduction ; but every body would agree with him that it would be well if by reducing those duties they could largely increase our trade with France, and es tablish commercial relations instead of those of rivalry and hostilility.—(Cries of " Hear.") He thought that by reducing those duties, they would do double good to the poor man, by diminishing the cost of living, and also increasing his employment by forwarding trade with foreign markets.—(Hear, hear.) The Right Hon. Baronet held out the expectation that the reduction of duties was so great, that they would make up the income-tax. Now that was the oddest delusion that so sensible a gentleman could well fall into.—(Laughter.) But the very same thing was said when the Right Hon. Baronet brought forward the Budget of 1842. (Hear.) He (Mr. Buller) asked every person whom he met what he thought about the reduction. He said that the Right Hon. Baronet was the greatest Minister they ever had (of course those to whom he said this did not know who he was)—that he lowered everything, but he could never get a single person to agree with him. In what did any man gain by the reduction, except, perhaps, in Westphalia hams.—(Hear, hear, from a Member on the Ministe rial side of the House.) He was not surprised that the Hon. Gentleman expressed his suffering at the dimi nished price. —(A laugh.) He fully understood his ex. sion, and he must say that he went forward to his object with an undsviating consistency, but as for the rest of them they seemed to be perfectly mastered by his energy. The general sup porters of the Right Hon. Baronet opposite seemed more adverse to the tax than any others, and seemed less inclined to vote for it on account of the fiscal alterations proposed by the Right Honourable Baronet.; and then with that noble independence —that self-reliance and vigour of intellect — which marked all their conduct—(A laugh) they stated that on no account would they consent to make the income-tax permanent; but then they all said they believed it would be permanent, were it not for the assurances of the Right Hon. Baronet. He never saw so large a hope hung on so little an assurance — (Laughter)—for the other night, when they pushed the Right Hon. Gentleman, all he said was, that he did not despair that at the end of three years it might be taken off; and as they believed they had a firm confidence in the Right Hon. Baronet, and had every reason to rely upon his professions—(Laughter)—they were prepared to come forward in the face of glaring facts to vote an income-tax, not one of them having the slightest hope that it would be got rid of in three years. On his (Mr. Buller's) side of the House they were a sharper set of men.—(Laughter.) llon. Gentlemen opposite thought proper to laugh at the observation ; but he could assure them that the Hon. Members by wnom he was supported would join in the assent to that assertion. He could also say, with great truth, that they were shrew der men, too—(Laughter)—and in their names he would say to the Right Honourable Baronet at the head of her Majesty's Government, that there was not the slightest chance of having the income-tax removed at the end of the next three years.—(hear, hear.) He had heard it said that this tax would not be submitted to by the country, or would not be insisted on by the Minister for so long a period unless it should be greatly modified ; but it now appeared that it was to be continued without any modification.—(Hear, hear.) What, then, was he to think of those who upon ene occasion voted for the tax, and at another time voted against it ? Those lion. Members to whom he alluded had al ways been in favour of this tax being imposed, in what they called a less and less oppressive form each year. Now, he .(Mr. B.) had always expressed himself in favour of a system of indirect taxation ; and he would ask, would it not be worth while of the Ministry to establish such a system ?—(Hear, hear.) Ile might, perhaps, be told that the taxes amounted to "so and so," but he would ask, had they not the poor rates, and the borough-rates, and city-rates to meet, in addition to the assessed taxes ? Fourteen or fifteen millions, out of fifty millions, must necessarily be raised by indirect taxation. Therefore, the main reliance of the Government of this country must be an indirect taxation, and their first object ought to be to ameliorate that indirect system of taxation, and make it as perfect as pos sible.—(Hear, hear.) When he came to the conclusion that the main reliance of the Go vernment must be upon indirect taxation, he thought there was much wisdom in the old idea, that in ordinary times it ought to be the sole reliance of the Government. This fund, raised by direct taxation, ought to .be kept for extraordinary emer gencies, and. not to be drawn on except in the greatest of those exigencies, because, after all, a property and income-tax must be unjust and sexatious ; they ought not, therefore, to impose it except in those. great emergencies, when the excited feelings of the country would induce every man to put up with any amount of inconvenience for the sake of aiding in the national struggle. It was wise, too, that the world should be made to understand that the country had such a fund to resort to in the period of such a struggle, for the knowledge that they had such a treasure to fall back on would add far more to prevent aggresion and unreasonable pretensions by foreign countries than anything they could do for the fortification of their coasts, or the increase of their force in any way whatever. He would not trouble the House with any further discussion on the com parative advantages of indirect over direct taxation, because he was aware there were other exigencies in which he should be willing to submit' to an income-tax. For the sake of trying a great fiscal experiment, he should be willing to consent to an income-tax for three years, it measures could be devised that would assure them of getting rid of the tax at the end of that time. But if those measures tended to diminish taxation, no Minister was justified in trying the experiment, unless he had a considerable surplus at his command If the Right lion. Baronet would come forward and ask them to submit to the income-tax for three years, for the sake of establishing a better system of taxation, he would cheerfully accede to it. The admirers of the budget, particularly on this side of the House—for this was the adulatory side of the House this session —(Great laughter)—praised it as a measure especially calculated to benefit the poor, and as an advance towards free trade. Ile be lieved it was calculated to do a great deal of good ; but the Right Honourable Baronet had also thrown away a great opportunity of re forming one system of taxation, because he had an unprecedented surplus at his command. The Right Hon. Baronet had the largest surplus that ever a Minister of this country had to deal with. lie did not complain of the Right Hon. Baronet's having misapplied or misused the surplus, but he had no' made that practical use of it which the circumstances warranted. It was only when there was a large surpw that the great articles of taxation could be touched. with half a million, they could only touch the minor articles. It was only as now when they had three 01 four millions to spare that they could meddle with the great articles of revenue, and favourably affect the great mass of the people. He contended, that Ministers with such a surplus, was bouni. to make the best use of such ample means ; and he was culpable, if he only made such changes as were ineffective as regarded the great body of consumers — in fact, if he made only such changes as could be made at any time, he (Mr. Buller) again said that he had a surplus which enabled him to make a reorma tion, if not a great reformation, of the whole fiscal system, which enabled him to lighten the burdens of the people, without lessening the revenue, The Right Hon. Baronet had thrown away a golden opportunity. It seemed to him that the great scandal of taxation was the large amount of revenue raised by undue taxation on the articles of consumption of the great masses of the people. The taxation of articles which, if they were not necessary to the poor man, were at least the luxuries of the very poor man. In this legislation he thought they were guilty of the fault of great injustice, because of indiscrimi nate taxation. They taxed low-priced articles which the poor man consumed, as high as high-priced arti cles which the rich man consumed, and therefore they taxed the consumption of the poor man out of all proportion with the articles used by the rich They diminished the scanty comforts of the poor, and taxed articles too high, for the purposes of revenue; thus checking consumption, and opening a door fot all kinds of fraud. With regard to the tax on sugar, for instance, of which they had heard so much, and the reduction of which was put forward as the most popular thing in the budget, he must say a few words. With respect to that question, lie meant the questicn which had never got an answer.—Laugh , ' ter.) It appeared that the average price of British manufactured sugar in bond was 345. the cwt. The Right llon. Baronet would reduce the duty to 145., so that the tax and original price would raise the article to 48s. It was elicited in the course of the discussion that the price of Brazillirn sugar was 215., and that by no restrictive duties upon this article we more than doubled the amount of the cost of the poor man's sugar. Take the article of tea, for instance. The low priced article cost 9d. the lb., whilst the poor man was obliged to pay four times that amount.—(Hear.) By these taxes they more than doubled the price of the poor man's coffee, and they nearly doubled to him the price of soap and malt. They raised the price of tobacco nearly sixteen times, and the same results answered with respect to brandy and geneva. Surely it was to be desired that sugar, coffee, malt, and soap, should be more easily obtained by the poor man. The duty on spirits and tobacco, he admitted might be attended with some good, but it led to smuggling and fraud, and to many of the crimes and bloodshed, that took place in order to keep up the custom duties. Ile believed that the picture drawn by his Hon. Friend the Member for Montrose with respect to the tobacco duties was one of the most dreadful pictures that could be drawn. He thought the great articles of taxation to which he had referred ought to be the great object of every financier to remove, partly to put an end to smuggling and fraud, and partly to put in the poor man' s reach those enjoy ments of which he was at present deprived.—(hear, hear.) There was no writer who had written on the subject, who had not adverted to those articles as matters on which the duties ought to be removed. He would venture, to say that if the duty was removed from tobacco and spirits, not only would better articles be obtained in this country, but half a million would be saved in the expenses of the coast guard ; but then it was said the articles he had referred to were great articles of revenue, and that, therefore, it was not safe for the public service to make experiments in those large articles of taxation. The facts admitted with regard to the tobacco and spirit duties, that in order to try the experiment fairly, they must take away three millions of duties, and that a Minister would not be justified in making such an experiment with large items of taxation unless he had a very large surplus to fall back upon. But the Right Honourable Baronet had that surplus, he was the first Minister who ever had such a surplus to deal with, and therefore the first who ever had it in his power to give this boon to the poor man, to deal effectively with smuggling, and to put taxation on a right foot chunation.—(Laughfer.) He dared say the Honour able Member suffered much in that article.—(ln creased laughter.) But though that might not be well for those who lived in the country, it was good for those who lived in towns. He was about to go through the article of sugar. He would take an in stance of a man-having 500/. a year. A person of that income would have to pay 13/. 14s. 4d. income-tax. That was positive, and there was no mistake about it; and if the same person consumed 401. worth of sugar, taking it that he would save a penny a pound (though he did not believe he would), he would save twenty five shillings; so there was twenty-five shillings as a set-off against 13/. 14s. 41—(Hear, hear.) But then there were other articles on which he might make up the tax. There was physic.—(A. laugh.) He himself once thought lie would make it up in physic —(Much laughter.) He supposed it was the reduction on physic that made the Honourable Gentleman below him (Mr. Wakley) so pleased with the budget.—(Great laughter.) But even in this article he believed the druggists would save everything, and that the consumer would gain nothing.—(Laughter.) 'There was certainly a very good change with regard to furni ture, and if all the inhabitants of the country were composed of new married couples of a 1,000/. a year, they might make something in the articles of furniture and glass. (Great laughter.) But, after all, to think of giving up this tax put him very much in mind of an incident in the opera of Il Nozzi de Figaro, or " The Marriage of Figaro," as it was called, in which the principal character said he was ready to consent, provided there was no law against politics, no enactment against certain prin ciples, and no prohibition to the full en joyment of the inclinations of the law.—(A laugh.) So it was with the Right Honourable Baronet at the head of her Majesty's Govern. ment.—(Laughter.) He said, " You shall have a reduction of taxes so and so, provided you do not ask me to take the duty off tobacco ; to take the duty off coffee ; to take the duty off sugar"--(Laughter)—in fact, the Right Honour able Baronet was quite willing to make any concession that was asked of him, provided that he not called upon to do that which the people of this country were likely to be' most benefited by.—(Hear, hear.) Oh 1 but then the Right Hon. Baronet took the duty off pigs' bristles —(A laugh)—and off lard—(A laugh)—and off all those other twopenny-halfpenny articles—(A laugh) —but he forgot that, in doing so, he still kept on the most important restrictions on other articles ; and he said very coolly to those opposed to him, that they could not have their loaf and eat it — (Laughter)—that they could not, in fact, deal in butter, deal in cheese, deal in corn, and deal in any other description of foreign prcvisions, without pay ing a certain proportion towards the two millions of extra taxes.—(Great laughter.) But the Right Hon. Baronet conceived that by removing the duty upon glass, and the duty upon cotton, he would be doing much to abolishing this cause of warfare against the taxes, and he had hoped it would be re garded as a boon by the people of this country. And what did they gain by bowing so implicitly to the will of the Right Hon. Baronet? What did they gain by it? Why, their great object was placed further than ever from them, and, in fact, they were playing into the hands of the monopolists. While they talked of free-trade as their first great object, and while they dealt out their "total and immediate" anathemas against all those who differed from them, they were actually playing the game of the monopolists by voting for an income-tax which bolstered up the differential duties. Let them look at this one question —what was the chance of their ever recovering this surplus? The Chancellor of the Exchequer seemed to take this as a matter of course. Now he had the pleasure of sitting in that House with that Right Hon. Gentleman for fifteen years, and slowly and with difficulty had the very elements of these truths been forced on his mind. In every Budget he had seen him introduce he had heard him urge the-danl.,er of lowering taxation for the purpose of increasing the revenue. But when the Right Hon. ientleman did go into a good principle he must say le went, with a plunge, head over heels—(Laughter) —he was now not only lowering taxes to increase be revenue, but altogether abolishing them. — [LEFT SPEAKING.' LAW INTELLIGENCE. COURT OF BANKRUPTCY, March 8. ExerMus To WITNESSES.—In a case which occu pied some time respecting a fiat, a question arose whe ther witnesses summoned. to prove an act of bankruptcy were entitled to their expenses. One was an attorney, and the other an auctioneer, both residing in town, and both claimed their expenses for two days' attendance, Mr. Commissioner GOULBULIN was of opinion that the witnesses must be paid, if their testimony was required. The attorney to the fiat strenuously urged that they were bound to attend, and to give evidence. The matter was referred to the taxing-master, who was of opinion that the parties were entitled to a guinea a day. They again came into Court, and again the at torney resisted payment as they were town witnesses. He produced u case decided before Lord Tenterden. The attorney procured other witnesses who made out an act of bankruptcy, and he did not require the assist ance of the two persons summoned. Ile had previously declined to pay them; and stated his intention to appeal to the Court of Review. At the termination of the business, one of the parties, an auctioneer, applied to the Court. He wished to know whether he had no remedy against the person who had summoned him. He had been obliged to postpone a sale he had to- day, and had been put to great inconvenience. , Commissioner GOULBURN was of opinion that, as the parties ha 4 not been required to give evidence, they were not entitled to payment. They resided in town, and he was afraid that they had no remedy. If, however, they had been required to give evidence, he should have or dered payment to have been made in the first instance, but as their testimony had been dispensed with, he had no power to grant the application. CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT. OLD COURT. (Before the RECORDER.) Wm. Webb eras indicted fur stealing 19s. from the person of Henessy ; and the indictment further charged that the said robbery was attended with vio lence. It appeared that the prosecutor had bean spending the evening with some friends, and was returning home at a late hour, in that state in which parties often find them selves after spending a pleasant evening, when he was induced to hire the prisoner's cab, in which, however, he had proceeded but a very short distance before the priso ner drew up, and, taking advantage of his situation, dragged him out of the vehicle, and picked his pocket of the above sum. The prosecutor, however, was suffi ciently aware of what was going on to call for the assis tance of the police, by whom the prisoner was taken into custody. The Jury found the prisoner Guilty. The ItEcoaDER said that it was necessary to make an example of persons in whom, from the nature of their occupation, the public were compelled to repose a cer tain degree of confidence, and where that confidence was abused, particularly where, in addition to that, gross violence was resorted to, a severe sentence must follow. lie then sentenced the prisoner to be transported for ten years. John Dougl is Niven pleaded Guilty to an indictment charging him with stealing in a dwellii g- house, and was sentenced to twelve months' imprisonment. John Green pleaded Guilty to a similar indictment, and received a similar sentence. NEW COURT. (Before the CommoN SERGEANT.) IVm. Williams was acquitted on the charge of stealing several pieces of copper from the factory of Messrs. Mad dox and Co., East Hackney. Wm. Alezander was found Guilty of entering the pas sage:of a house in Middleton-square, and stealing there from two bats and two umbrellas, the property of Mr. Sinclair.—Sentence, transportation for seven years. Daniel Sinclair was charged with stealing one loaf, value 3d., but the indictment failing he was discharged. Robert Huggins Smith, an elderly seaman, was indicted for obtaining, by false pretences, of John Allan, St. Paul's churchyard, three sovereigns, with intent to cheat him of the same. The prisoner represented himself to Mr. John Allan as a particular friend of his brother's, residing in Rotterdam, who, however, denied all know ledge of him. Mr. BALLANTYNE took several objections to the in dictment, which were overruled by the Court, and the jury finding the prisoner Guilty, he was sentenced to nine months' imprisonment. John and Margaret Murphy, aged 20 and 49, were indicted, the former for stealing a hundred yards of printed cotton, value 505., the property of Jonathan Crocker, his master ; and Margaret (who is his mother) with feloniously receiving the same, knowing it to be stolen. It appeared that the male prisoner was formerly in the employ of Messrs. Crocker and Co., of Friday street, Cheapside, as light porter ; and on the 27th of December last the property mentioned above was missed, and suspicion falling upon the prisoner, he was taken into custody by Daniel Forester, on the 10th of January. Two duplicates were found on his person, and it was proved that the prisoners were.the parties who pledged the articles. The jury found the prisoners Guilty, and they were sentenced to seven years' transportation. Henry Whitten was convicted of stealing a shoe, and sentenced to seven years' transportation. Before sentence was passed the prisoner's mother, who happened to be in court, hoped his lordship would be mercitul.—The Com mon Sergeant said the blame principally rested on her for not bringing him up better.—On being removed from the Court (as ordered by the Common Sergeant) she ex claimed, in a pitiful tone, " Oh, my poor dear boy—good bye I" " Good bye, mother I" returned the prisoner in a tone which set the Court in a roar of laughter. Sheargold, aged 43, pleaded guilty to the charge of embezzling and stealing the sum of 31. 15s. and 5/. 75., of William Taylor, his master.—Judgment ar rested until next session. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. (SATURDAY.) WORSHIP-STREET. Mary Pritchard, alias Flaxman, a decent-looking woman, who is employed with several others at the Ex cise-office in book sewing, at 14s. per week wages, was brought up for final examination upon a charge of having of the Admiralty, and his consequent inability to ap pear in his place, he would postpone the notice of motion of which he had given notice with respect to her Majesty's ships Hazard and Basilisk at the islands of Otaheite from this day till Friday. He would take that oppor tunity of saying, that though he perfectly agreed with the expressions of the Noble Duke (the Duke of Wellington) the other evening respecting the courtesy of the House. Yet he thought the Noble Duke had gone too far in that motion, ani that his Noble Friend (the Marquis of Normanby) was right in the course he intended to pursue. Lord BROUGHAM said the Noble Earl had pro fessed to be a great patron of order, and yet he had began with one of the most irregular things that could possibly have occurred. The Earl of MINTO said he would not trouble their Lordships further than to express his opinion that a notice was only necessary in cases where opposition might be expected. In other cases he thought it was still left discretionary with the party putting the question, to give notice or not. The Duke of WELLINGTON admitted the ex ception, and the matter dropped. JEWISH DISABILITIES BILL. Lord MONTEAGLE presented a petition in favour of the Bill. The LORD CHANCELLOR said, in moving the second reading of the Bill referred to by the petition, just presented by his Noble Friend. As he did not anticipate any effective opposition to the measure, he should confine himself to stating very shortly the motives and intention of the Bill. The object was to get rid of the disabilities. Some anomalies, some inconsistencies, and, he might be permitted to say, some absurdities, which pressed upon persons pro fessing the Jewish persuasion. In order that he might be fully understood upon the subject, he should begin by shortly calling their Lordships' attention to the position in which persons entertaining the Jewish religion stood with respect to offices held under the Crown. There was no objection to these persons being placed in the commission of the peace for a county, and many of them at present held the im portant and responsible office of county magistrates. (LEFT SPEAKING.) HOUSE OF COMMONS. The SPEAKER took the Chair shortly before Four. On the motion of Mr. BROTHERTON, the Man chester and Salford Waterworks Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed. On the motion of Mr. BUSFEILD, the Bradford Gas Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed. Mr. F. FRENCH presented a petition in favour of the Irish Great Western Railway Bill, which was referred to the Committee on the standing orders. The Ulster Railway Extension Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed. The Forth and Clyde Navigation Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed. The Lynn and Ely Railway Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed. The Scottish Central Railway Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed. The Cambridge and Lincoln Railway Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed. The Southampton Docks Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed. Mr. V. STUART brought in the London and Westminster Cemetery Bill, which was read a first, and ordered to be read a second time to-morrow. The York and North Midland (Goole) Branch Railway Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed to-morrow. INCOME. TAX. Sir J. DUKE presented a petition from the borough of Boston praying that all trades and professions may be exempt from the income-tax. AGRICULTURAL DISTRESS. Mr. H. HALFORD presented a petition from the Agricultural Association of the county of Leicester, complaining of the extreme agricultural distress, and praying the House to take steps to remove it. POST• OFFICE. Mr. S. CRAWFORD presented a petition from a gentleman in Montgcmeryshire, named Robert Black st one, complaining if a practice existing amongst pro vincial post-masts. of detaining newspapers, and praying the House lb adopt some stringent measures for remedying the evil. MAYNOOTH. Mr. FOX MAULE presented a petition against any further grant to Maynooth. Mr. ARKWRIGHT presented a petition from a number of landholders, praying that if any parties were relieved from the income-tax, the claims of landholders generally might not be forgotten. Mr. BROTHERTON presented a number of petitions, praying the House to take steps to prevent the sale of intoxicating drinks on Sundays. AGRICULTURAL DISTRESS. Mr. G. BAN KES presented a petition from the occupiers of land in Dorchester, praying the House to remove some of the burdens which pressed upon them. RAILWAYS. The following Railway Bills were severally read a second time, and ordered to be committed :—The Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway, the Oxford and Rugby Railway, the Newcastle and Berwick Railway, the West Cornwall Railway, the Eastern Counties (Cambridge and Huntingdon) Railway. Mr. EWART presented a petition in favour of the Glasgow and Dumfries Railway. ➢ir. MAUN SELL presented four petitions from the county of Northampton, complaining of agricul tural distress, and praying for relief. Lord HARRY VANE presented a petition from the Anti-Slavery Society of Derby, against the im portation of hill-coolies into the West Indian colonies. Mr. GEO. BANKES presented a petition against the Southampton and Dorchester Railway, which was referred to the Committee on Standing Orders. IMPRISONMENT FOR DEBTS UNDER 201. Mr. F. BERKELEY gave notice that he should, on a future day, move for leave to bring in a Bill to repeal the Act of last session, for abolishing imprison ment for debts under 201., with a view to adopt a better mode for recovering debts under that amount, and saving tradesmen from the loss to which they are liable from the imposition of fraudulent debts. THE FALKLAND ISLANDS. Dr. BOWRING gave notice that he should, to morrow, move for retnrns of the amount of the Par liamentary grants to the Falkland Islands, and the amount of the custom-house returns of those islands. IN COME-TAX. Lord EBRINGTON said that, seeing the income tax was sure to continue for three years, would pro bably continue for five years, and might possibly continue for ever, begged to ask the Hon. Baronet, the Member for the University of Oxford, whether he intended to put his motion for levying the income tax on those incomes which were not less than 151/. ? Sir K. INGLIS said that he certainly intended to bring on the motion of which he had given notice ; he wished he could say with the hope that it might be levied on all incomes betweenlso/. and 2001. only, on the difference between those sums, namely, on 501. HONG-KONG., .; Dr. BOWRING wished to ask the Right Honour able Gentleman the Under Secretary for the Colonies, whether there would be any objection to lay before the House copies of the correspondence relating to the late registration ordinances at Hong-Kong ? Mr. HOPE was understood to say that he did not know of any difficulty in the way of bringing the papers before the House. BANGOR AND ST. ASAPH. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER pre sented a petition from the University of Cambridge for a repeal of the Act uniting the bishoprics of St. Asaph and Bangor. The RIGHT HoN. GTXTLEMAN also presented a petition from a body of clergymen on the subject of tithe commutation. Captain BERNAL presented a petition against the re-enactment of the income-tax. Mr. COWPER presented a petition from a place in Northamptonshire in favour of the Field Gardens Bill. THE INCOME-TAX. Mr. GREENS brought up the report on the income• tax resolutions. On the motion that it be read a second time, Mr. CIIARLES BULLER rose to move — That the circumstances under which the renewal of the income- tax is at present proposed, are such as to render it exceedingly impropable that Parliament will have the power of dispensing with its conti nuance at the end of three years; and that it is, therefore, the duty of this House to take care that the tax be imposed in a form in which its operation shall be less unequal and inqu is itorial than it now is. He thought that no one would be disposed to believe that in bringing the general circumstance under which the income tax was to be renewed again before the House he was at all induced to undertake the task by the very great an xiet y which the House had evinced upon the subject.—(Hear.) He was anxious to give the House an opportunity on the present occasion, of explaining to the country and to itself, if it could, the grounds, the principles, the circumstances, the period, for which this tax was now to be renewed, because he took the question as to the period for which the tax was to be renewed as the cardinal point upon which p th r e opr t ity a e xnow hinged, and on this must depe nd the of imposing the tax at all.—(Hear, hear.) It was owing to the shortness of the period for which the tax was to be imposed, that they assented to the tax without that grave deliberation which so important a required.uest n ion ouseandout But side there was both in the l its,doors a want of determination and doubt upon the subject which was very surprising. The Right Hon. Baronet opposite was the only person who observed any great decision and firmness of purpose. He wanted to have the tax renewed without any discus- feloniously intermarried with Henry Flamini], a gas . but a combined action on the part of tenant-11 101er° worker, her former husband, a rough-looking seaman, i s necessary to emancipate them once and for ever . „ who informed the magistrate that he had been "twenty - he landowners could never resist any real p r y eight years before the mast," being still living, sure on the part of the farmers—not one in OK, The prisoner was married thirteen years ago at Shore- be his rental what it may—could find capital to st oo ditch Church to Pritchard, the sailor, and three children and manage a thousand acres without extreme Y r were born at intervals between his voyages. For nearly convenience • and not one in a thousand, ha vil l five years past the sailor has been entirely absent, hav ing, according to his own account, been voyages in the stocked it, Could continue its cultivation wit.holirli; is v mean time to Calcutta, New Zealand, and other parts of yearly loss far beyond his whole rent. It e the world. Upon his return home lately, however , he because tenant-farmers do not co .o p erate With an sought for his wife, and found her living at Hagerstone other that they have been, one by one, ground auto with Henry Flexman. The latter asserted that she was to the dust by the landowners. Let this Game"ice, his wife, " lawfully" married to him. " Well," said the Committee be made the occasion for the oonune!l e ir sailor, "if that is the case, she belongs to a pair of us ;" ment of such co-operation by tenant-fanners for W and having ascertained, by inquiry, that the second own protection. marriage had actually taken place, he returned and gave the prisoner in charge to a police constable. The registers of the two marriages were prodnced. Flaxman, the second husband, proved very reluctantly that, about a year and a half ago, he married the pri soner at Hoxton, believing her to be a widow, as she re presented herself. She had been an excellent wife, he said, and they had an infant now at the breast. A female witness also proved this marriage, but there were no witnesses to prove the prisoner's identity in the first. The prisoner admitted her marriage with the sailor Pritchard, and that she had three children by him ; but she declared that, for many years, he had exceedingly ill-used her, and that she had never received anything from him, either fur herself or the children. Five years ago, she said, he used her so badly, that two warrants were issued against him from this court, but he then went away, and she had never seen him since, until he now came and gave her into custody. Mr. Broughton told her that, if she had not married again until after seven years' absence of her husband, she would not be punished fur bigamy ; but not more than two years elapsed when she contracted the second mar riage. Her own acknowledgment of the first marriage now taken in writing, was 'sufficient, with the other proofs, and he now committed her to take her trial for the bigamy, admitting her to bail, however, in two sure ies of 401. each. [ADVERTISEMENT.] HYGEIAN MANIFESTO. All medical advice is quackery, because there 13111 fact but one disease, impurity of the blood,and therbe; fore but one renaeiy :—viz., Proper Vegeta Purgation. er Remember that it is only because doctors, in ° to make a trade of the science of medicine, poisons'` and anti medicinal preparations as tines for the cure of diseases, that " advice," tie I ,• t h called, becomes necessary ; but if you do awn!' *::110 poisons or anti-medicinal preparations, and only, e . that which is proper and good, and which acts o b % , cordance with the laws of nature, then all advic e „ a• comes unnecessary. This is the reason tha t all "hat hygeists are their own doctors, and laugh at pi doctors term " advice." Whenever they feel pain kind they have recourse to the Vegetable Unitersai itite dicine (Morison's Pills) which they can reg li at. without fear, so as to produce proper evacuat ions tro , mencing with four or five pills, and increasing. 0 fp cessary ; hence the fact of staunch hygels"„iiis some cases taking twenty, thirty, and even fort4rthe at a dose, thereby proving the universality for medicine, as in the case of Lady Sophia Gr e l' f o r disease of the spine; Sir Richard Suttons oniiat, consumption ; living monuments to attest the l itho and thousands of others. But with the poisons 0' doctors, such as prussic acid, opium, arsenic, deeoo night-shade, &c., &c., if you take a grain or 5° to much, death is the consequence ; and thereforento those persons who are, from a state of ign ° , ll ,,ob obliged by doctors' treatment to make use 0 ' ° D iv poisons, " advice" of course becomes neces sar l • j. by giving advice that doctors make a trade ef ! li a so tine ; and hence their violent and unjust opposi t ! ° b $ll Mr. Morison's system, because it does away mystery, and enables every man to become 111.6140 doctor. The fact of scarcely two doctors ogre,.eitivol any case as to the treatment to be pursued, 0:40 proofthat medical advice is quackery; one is forbiT er v. the other against it, and so on. The case of 14:431 Lowe proves this assertion to be true; there'd ere visits made and charged for at Is. 6d. each, nn of eminent doctors were of one opinion and tb ree tb e i ' other, the poor patient lost his leg after all , tb° say, for the good of science ! I Heaven fieg,',,blio' mark ! This should never be forgotten by th e roil" Hygeists, therefore, for the reasons het.°llf po t tioned, most solemnly protest against the use y ta th. SODS as medicines, or their being held ou t world as such. c°ll/ o poli The following deadly poisons are most ,eroof used by doctors—there are many more, too nu'i o the to mention, for the names of which we r e did reader to the "London Pharmacopia" an " Dictionaries. I.—Prussic Acid, in all its forms. 2.—Mercury, ditto. 3.—Opium, ditto. 4.—Arsenic, in all its forms. THE GAME-LAWS'_ , COMMITTEE. (From ;the League.) The recent appointment of a Select Committee to inquire into the operation of the game-laws, forms, undoubtedly, an epoch in the history of British agriculture. It is the first tenant-farmers' Committee. It is an inquiry which tenant-farmers, to a man, desire should be full, searching, and complete; and it is one which nine landholders out of ten, taking the country through, would have resisted if they had dared, and will, if they can, render as imperfect and inconclusive as possible. For the first time in British history have the farmers made their own, their real voices heard in the Legislature. There have been Select Committees without number to inquire into agricultural distress, but they have only been in tended to ascertain how reductions of rent could be avoided without making the farmers their own mas ters. The agricultural Committee of 1836 disclosed the fact that all the legislation by which for two- and twenty years landlords had professed to benefit the farmers, had only enhanced the proprietor's rent at the expense of the tenant's capital. From that moment the political landlords became the most energetic op ponents of all inquiries into the existence and causes of agricultural distress. It was, therefore, with some thing like surprise that the concession of a Committee to inquire into the game-laws was received by the public. Writing as a farmer to farmers, we shall not waste a line on the supererogatory task of showing that the game-laws constitute one of the greatest and most hopeless burdens by which, amongst many others, the tenant-farmers are oppressed. That is an agricultural axiom. Nobody denies it, except such madcap reasoners as Mr. Grantley Berkeley, who unconsciously demonstrate just the contrary of that they wish to prove, having all the value of most unwilling witnesses. There is no doubt that the inquiry will be an effective one. But we ask the tenantry of Great Britain how this has been brought about ? Has it originated with the " Cen tral Society for the Protection of British Agricul ture 7" Is it due to the indomitable perseverance of Mr. William Miles or Mr. George Bankes ? Does it result from influence, the disinterested in fluence of the Duke of Richmond at the Treasury ? Has the Duke of Buckingham at length proved him self in deed as well as in name the "farmers' friend ?" To each of these queries every farmer must say, no! not There is not a man amongst the active protectionists, the self-designated " farmers' friends," who would not have shirked or burked the inquiry if he could. Fancy the faces of the eighty squire archal Members of the House of Commons who as sembled at Sir Robert Peel's on the morning of the day when the Committee was agreed to ! Imagine what they must have felt when plainly told by the Prime Minister, doubtless in the blandest terms, that an inquiry into game-laws and game preserving was inevitable ! How, then has all this been brought about ? Hares, pheasants, and rabbits, might have devoured the substance and impoverished the family of every tenant-farmer in the kingdom, so long as rent eould have been levied out of his capital, before the landowners would have moved in furtherance of such an inquiry. Who, then, has proved to be the "farmers' friend ?" No other than John Bright, one of the dreaded cham pions of the League. The efforts of the League throughout the country, and the tact, eloquence, and intellectual power of a few Free-Traders in Parlia ment, have obtained this first instalment of justice for the tenant-farmers. They, whose very names have been used by the monopolist landowners to scare the tenantry from all investigation of the causes of agricultural depression, have been the only public men who have ever obtained a public measure unquestionably advantageous to the class of tenant-farmers. His Grace of Richmond made ap parently a great stir for the sake of the farmers, but it all ended in a seat at the Treasury for his own brother. Buckingham's devotion to the cause of the suffering agriculturists has procured him a blue riband and a diamond bauble for himself. While Miles and Bankes are talking of making sham motions—at the very mention of which even the land owning House of Commons laughs outright, and by which they know they can get nothing but a minority of about seventy or eighty of the most imbecile Members in the House—Bright the Leaguer obtains a Committee on the Game Laws with the lip ap proval of those who, by that inquiry, will be put upon their trial. Farmers, who are your friends ? Are those who delude you with false promises and illusory expecta tions, or are those who, telling you some home truths, go at once to a practical examination of your admitted grievances, your real friends ? The most rabid monopolists begin to note this as a sign of the times. Thus the New Farmer's Journal s.—lligitalis or Fox-glove, ditto. : 6,—Antimony, ditto. And though l ast, not least, the practice of ° edit' in all its forms. 0 01 $ Issued by Morison and Moat, of the 13669 be of Health, New-road, London, for, and 11 f i n t fie of the body of Hygeists, who contend, ,hir; all diseases arise from one cause, nalu el) :1 purity of the blood, they can be cum ital.°, 001; Vegetable Universal Medicine, which beet) posed of innocuous ingredients, maY b e a any person without the advice of a doctorip * Doctors hold out poisons as one 1 0 4 , of that people may come to them to know I)°",,', rot what quantity, they are to be taken• r,"(betoll spirituous liquors is prescribed " mcdicinaug p etr A ;ol save :the mark) by doctors, upon the PT,: Dea,or as the other poisons. If simples, or strietyp a re rot substances only were used, persons tnig t . t selves, which doctors want to prevent. - 11 „;,deo' doctors, to their shame be it said, make " dicines. A O' STATE OF TRAP -0 ; Tor FOREIGN WOOL TRADE, LEEDS, MARCH .;-. 01' 11 0 ' been a good demand for foreign wools during ° l o t but in consequence of the continued frost, German wools are cleared out of the market. tt0 4.19;01 .4 BRISTOL WOOL FAIR, MARCH 6. "The 11 t hs0 piro, been about an average—the supply of wool less o%o' this season. A fair amount of sales was effee'eruieo which would barely afford an ordinary profit ° II r in Yorkshire. lis fi tll : eit , WAKEFIELD WOOL MARKET, MARCH 7 6.4 during the week rather more buyers of long W '- f iljl CP 01, operations have been confined chiefly to Hogs, Ester 501114C03 tain late quotations. Wethers remain dull °f ias h e! le be bought on rather lower terms. No variatoooo 0 /15 1 Lxkuis.—There has not been quite 5 0 In uc t il he 01911 4f i ld at the Cloth Halls this week, as has been which is partly to be accounted for from the s of goods, arising from the circumstance of Ina, l3 Y o rder'olos manufacturers being engaged in delivering '' ° ,4 o 1 0 0 Ed continue firm. There have been a considers'foollbe buyers in the town, who have purchased Pre tt l y o l6 of adapted for the spring demand, and, on the f t ms 9, be considered brisk in the warehouses'esoot ad "00 BRADFORD MARKET, THUESDAY. -- W e , w i ng 11 ,h" ef better piece market to-day. The 5141'i - but trade !houses both complain—the former the lob o not send out their goods—and the lattert ot iag 0 01 tinuance of winter prevents their Ope t he d, e # t* spring trade. There is no improvement ape roir j oi yarns for home consumption ; and as the first 0 1 , 0 f o t export houses from shipping, the trade is but Wolfe and the current prices most ruinous. There bat &3 in any kind of combing wools. The scu ll° fit,' utiv` immediate use, which, from the small qu,s ° ,, 10 the market, shows diminished consumption. 00(4' change. ia r rlet A ti ' $ 0 .4 TRADE OF MANCHESTER, TIICRW AI AoiIIg rivr, have had upon the whole a fair business 0 " 0 tiao r rote,';ier; pecially in the heavier descriptions of g ° Good b i eri' h bhp at least buoyant on such, if not higher. : her dowi t er steadier, but not, we think, in any eas e 14 is 11° 0 tfrit er' are bidding fair to be very busy, and therevot they will have a prosperous spring trade. u p./ m- sell every week, and prices are still getting 'efr curt'. ft ell 0 4' tr ge if t. o je. s ot NENv LTN Operav ENTGEIDasSser Glasses, &c., 14°10 Telescope, Albel o vis l oe s‘ s cadilly. Deafness Acoustic Instrumeotsr t he e;ece ll aso l ' Conductors when fixed in the cavity sn AO f ue perceptible, they enable inelividuals et of e stl: s om 0 0 ; f els , and of forty and fifty years' standing' orAllt ness, instantly to join in general een tafe r 0; 01 ,0 catch the sound of a distant low' Se 00°,9 os:ud i theatre, &c.—lt pours the conversations less,- itt;o• such an extent that in most severe cas e c„roeed if 11 1 . 1 be observed. Also original Ear a Io 3 P_Ast, e u- German, and Spanish Artificial Ears an pore ise i ing Trumpets of every description., befortdottiA Newly Invented Spectacles are plac iiiea r r v i i , vision that mist and dullness which ilV e yr br c eyes is removed, every object becomes„.:oooo.l Or a pfi so that the most aged defective siglit t u i, o uticoni s ) brilliant, and is brought to its youth lu os t Te l l ,. 0 ginal state. Also Achromatic Waist, d o _ mo m Opera Glasses. Every kind of Telescfi e ' s , V!lgt . bl. o o4l with increasing powers, for Sh o oting', be, 0 0 00 0; upon stand for astronomical observatto'Brest4o brated Lenses of the most clear, trao s P s so Td l the powers are so great and the lA, ri L e r di''Zpoes'A brilliant, that minute objects at an ea!":_spn r e4o s oo 0/ 0 i are brought completely under the eYefl o oe 0%1; 0 00 j rists, and sea-side visitors will indeed op •r, Caution.—Messrs. S. and B. Solon Aurists, are not in any way connec7hboar:ibleV the same name in their immediate 1 1 I r topt 701, in any part of the country. T° as st39' cautious, and observe,-0 111 Y t° h a o tfoti l A 0•,1' street, Piccadilly, opposite the 1 - r r if O A , 13 go t he to Illy, MAIDSTONE. —IMPORTA NT _ft 11P, pry, that it is contemplated to deepen aicr o '; os_, / way, so as to make it navigable forla r g o _4 prof coax stone ; which project, if carried out, i l l Av g co advantage to Maidstone and the surro u" 0 1 of Chronicle. e tit °P idOs f so .l' Thomas Stephens, R.N. of a daub woo' "" y ip On the sth inst., at Stockwell• com co t O . On the sth inst., at Barnstapledi, t t e h: "%to. ateeti • of - row, of a daughter. va s On the 6th inst., at Gosport, the Th e 37th Regiment, of a daughter. —.over On the 6th inst., ill Westbourne (little"' 600' el tie 1 wife of F. A. Hawker, Esq., of a e of o po Ile On the 6th inst., at Lee, Mrs. Br„l,l . e_:_ e _ Div „. 0 On the 6th inst., at Home-park, dau g hter't ° "j, o o, l. " of G. Crawford Harrison, Esq., of a red s"lig. On the 6th inst., at Lansdale - sq ua John Steavenson, Esq. , of a son. ~ntio.tol" ~, On the 7th inst. , at the Grove, -0" Mr. Miguel Yglesias, of a son. says : " We sincerely rejoice in the appointment of the Com mittee, and, although by no means disposed to deny Mr. Bright his full share of credit for having obtained it, we may perhaps be pardoned for expressing our regret that the matter was not first taken up by some agricultural representative. Are we also to be indebted to a free trader for a committee of inquiry into the causes of the present distressed state of agriculture ?" As surely as the game-law inquiry was obtained by the exertions of the Free-Traders, so certainly will any effective inquiry into the " distressed state of agriculture " be procured by means of the League. So the Morning Post : " In districts where the rural peasantry are suffering from want of employment and destitution, it is mere madness to suppose that the game-preserving systtm can be kept up by severity of law. If men be idle and hungry, they certainly will attempt to catch the wild animals on which they may feed. Let proprietors, there fore, look carefully to the condition of the people on their estates, and try to give them something better to do than poaching." And what makes men idle in the rural districts, but the slovenly cultivation induced by the corn-laws and game-laws, and the consequent vassalage of yearly tenant-farmers The great object of farmers now must be to make the ir.quiry as complete as possible, and the best mode of doing so will be for those farmers who have had opportunities of noticing the evils caused by game-preserving and the game-laws—and what farmer has not had far, far too many such ?—to communicate to Mr. Bright, as chairman of the Committee, the substance of the evidence they can give. Witnesses summoned by the Committee will have their expenses paid ; so that, by the devotion of a few hours to this most important question, farmers may help to remove the most cruel remnant of feudal bar barism by which they and their labourers are op pressed and degraded. Farmers should come pre pared to show the whole bearings of the game-laws, for already are there indications that the squires think of giving up their special law as regards hares and rabbits, and retaining it for the preservation of pheasants and partridges. But this will never do. Hares and rabbits are at present more complained of than pheasants and partridges, because they are a degree, only a degree, less destructive. The minor is sunk in the major. But what is the fact ? We knew that overwhelming evi dence of the vast injury done to grain crops, in every stage from seed time to harvest, by pheasants in particular, will be offered to the Committee ; and we know also that farmers and their men will be sub ject to espionage and entrapment by gamekeepers as much for the sake of winged as of four-footed game. The abolition of the game- laws must be entire, and if the farmers who give evidence will state all the facts within their knowledge the result of the inquiry must be the TOTAL REPEAL OF ALL GAAIE-LAWS. Now is an occasion when farmers' clubs should be rendered realities by the introduction of this topic, and by de puting some one of their body to give evidence before the Committee. Farmers must begin to think and act for themselves. They should form societies to discuss their real grievances, and they should support each other in firm and business-like demands for their removal. There is no other body of capitalists who would `submit to be devoured in detail as the farm . ers have been by the rent-loving landlords ; and nothing . 0 - ..., . nitfolll On the 4th inst., at Felton, J O . ll AoD,P'4 IPAci Autztraxv,: Chaoclalelfir is, Isabella, eldest daughter of George PO- )1, park, Northumberland. Ch tis ° ~,r t b On the 4th inst., at King's LangleY "„ 0 00; t i to lrof wood, of Newgate•street, to Ann Arn°7;,, Ift, i d ; f ol Mr. J. Betts, of Ball's-pond, King's Lang';''ificP,gl)l' , On the sth inst., at l'ulboroagb, JosePestcls" A Esq., of Poplar, London, to Rebecca,Yourtosel:lir late William Allen, Esq. of Pulborougb, vidrea' On the 6th inst., at Ric ' limord, S u rreys '." P °l of Kew, to Miss Ford, of the Talbot goof. DO .iii i DIED. o f tile 110 On the 4th inst., Margaret, w idovi r stet. foil ( ' 0 M'Connel, Esq., of the l'olygon, Dlancl i ,of Il i On the 4th inst., Richard Bennett, 1--s'4' j of ) 03 ,0 way, Middle ex, aged 78. Elizabeth, the t 4 h t e h w i i n fe st o ., f iaitr. 331.anEselslo-sitorneleotl, 6ilige°Cl:l4l6'o44os6llo, On the sth inst., Chariee, eldest avd"" f' , of the Rev. C. G. Cotes, Stanton. rind sage° p ol o!10 On the sth inst., Charles Clark, veterilP-. ,1114 ff pur-street, aged 38. 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