The Sun. — London, England, 1844-08-08 00:00:00

Enalwr"! , i s • , ... ...7: '-'--- - - - e- . €--e/I-- -- , / ---- i• ----,,,,„ _, :.i • • • - r-) ~;., ':-, 'fr) TT A CO' OCT V -- t ,f. ilig___,A--- - - - --- ------ •vi ... ___________________ , . • -.2. , ,,,,,.,„,.„,, 5 ,„ .-._ . . . • , it', l • . ~, _.,,, . , ',, ~,,,' • . _.-- ill ;" 1 / 4 %,...,,' " -,.., 4111 j ;) . ----•• i pl - ---- .. • .. ,- •,• _, _ , ...:,, ~- „.,-. - 4 4 , ,,. ,c •-- r • 4 t., / • ' - _ 4- --- .. . , -- , s , V* "\ I ,i - ..'j':•-' - ; .., ' . s ' 4 rit -- ,.?AP- ..„ - F.tip..7; , , , , , iv,.. .4 7 - i "- • s i k '.4): 4 , 4 VI, ...;;;' - , ------ -../ - 2 )441"'. .• I •_ % ''.. ,1:` is A ,i ' s ,. ,• i • —, , ,'. '''', ' . - • , N , , , 1 / 4 , ......,77 , .., t •VA 14 - -4, 4 , ... I ' A 4' ' ' '''.''-' : " ' , - . . f • ,r,pr'6 l 4 , , 1, „,....-, ~ - '1••:,.... , -, ' .. . ..... -' 1 • 1 4- )..t (,_ , , ,W01L1:.• kI ': -•A- 5 oli '''' -,- 4 \, 1.., - • ~,,, _ .._ ,14 - Ni...., Dre ~. ...: &- ?ti* ~ ,,,e, DI -,..r.^,ktiv ' .'" , 'N/ 7; in f. ~i, mgran. , - , —O/ Tt ' „OK -- ~,,.. ,- --,,,r- " j ~. .... ; - 2 ‘., t ,'-'• / 4 , • 5.... i. . ~ \ .- -, ti~ i~ / ..~ i ~~' ~ 1, ow Y 6,1 you cow. C_/ WITI-OrrNSTITETTION, ASCII The GALLERY with a SELECTION of PICTURES by -N- I MASTERS and DECEASED BRITISH ARTISTS, is OPEN Daily.--Admission is. Catalogue Is. '- WILLIAM BARNARD, Keeper. - . ; after the had fallen justified in he claimed 1 justifies. some re' seat tse he must with that that idea . completely 7 the jury, oservation s and be uct of Mr. show that f, with years .old, upon hir* ver would ; if he had 3 inforaw G fLAXE 11 ry D It PAU IS.E TS. • FURTHER •BEDITC nom el! FARES. SIXPENCIC AND NINE.eNNCE, Boat and Blackwell Railway included. Dail. From the Brunswick Wharf, Blackwell, Sundays included) at Ten, Eleven Twelve, Three, Four, • Six, and lialf-past Seven From the Terrace Pier, Gravesend, seven, Ealf-past Nine, "Half-past Twelve, Two,* Four, Six, Seven, and Eight. • On Sundays at Five instead of Two. '•fe—Pole Cable and Seconi-class Carriage, Sixpence ; Saloon and . First-class Carriage, Ninepende. Will' Office, Gravesend, July 10, 1844. 8 17 #4f. AUGUST 8, 1844. THURSDAY , No. 16,218. LONDON, PRICE sd. THE SUN is Published EVERY MORNING at FIVE O'CLOCK, i n for .the EARLY TRAINS and TOWN DELIVERY; a SECOND EDITION (Evening Sun) is Published in Time for the AFTERNOON TRAINS . . and a THIRD EDITION at SEVEN O'CLOCK, for P 057; containing PARLIAMENTARI and all other NEWS in LONDON up to that Hour. ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED in ALL THE THREE PAPERS, Morning .Noon,. and Night, thereby insuring a TOWN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION, at ONE CHARGE. -..„: 'ATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR- AWE SOCIETY, 26, CORNHILL,'LONDON. • CapitalXsoo,ooo. Empowered by Act of Parliament. R OYAL POLYTECHNIC . INSTITUTION. CAPTAIN WARNER'S EXPERIMENT. OF PROFITS. The steady succes s D and in lVlSlON creasing prosperity of the Society has ena bled the Directors, a t th e last mutual investigation, to declare a .re co nd Bonus, avera g i ng GO per cent. on the amounts invested on deb 'QV effected on the Profit scale. POST-OFFICE ESPIONAGE. COMMONS' REPORT. EXAMPLES, , 2 Premium. i ~,.< Bonus Bonus iri .g ~,,.g ~....=,,- g added. Cash. ,:"; g ...,, oAS 5 . i.... , m 0 0 .4 5 . 9, - -- ____. z £ s. d. I .£ s. - d. X s. d. X s. 'd. X s. ds 1 0,1000 74 3 4 '1 8 8 3 7 8 '3 - 1 1 4 7 4 0 . 2 9 2 3 77 64 .5 5 61 1 2 9 16 3 ,9 1 296 34 1 2 3 4 3 l' 1839 116 16 0 .51 611 711, 9, 247 4 5 e ae2irsion of profits is annual, and the next will be made in De- The division of profits is annual, and the nez'. comber of the present year. This institution offers many important and substantial advan tages with respect both too:Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities. The assured has, ou all occasi•ns, the power to borrow, without ex- Acme or forfeiture of the ,Policy, two-thirds of the premium paid, (see tabl e ) ; also the option of selecting benelts, and the conversion of his interests•to meet other conveniences or necessity. Assurances for terms of years are granted on the lowest possible rates. F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Sec. SCOTTISH EQUITABLE . LIFE ASSUIt- ANC 'SOCIETY, Incorporated by royal Charter. Established 1831. Head Office, 26,-St. Andrew'ssquare, Edinburgh ; ' • London Office, 61 A, Moorgate-street. PRESIDENT.. • • HIS Grace the Duke of BUCCLEUCH 'and QITEENSBERRY. VICE-PRESIDENTS. , • The Right llon. Lord Gray. . Sir Neil Menzies, - Bari., of Menzies. • • David M. M. Chriehtonn, Esq., - of Rankeilour. The :ROBERT CHRISTIE, Manager. itading principle of this Mutual Assurance Society Is, that the Whole Profits are divisibl e among the Policy Holders every three Sears. In illustration of the eminent success which has' attended the e .17,?ZetZt.tiie rattimay. be stated th at the additions made to Policies have the vested bonus. of - Per cent, per ann u m on th e sum assure d an d on Thus the hold 1832, will, if l iter of a Policy for 1 000/effected on the Ist of March , . . to 1,297/. • t e e d e l t7l eft come a claim during the present year, be entitled and Tlre A on e ' e On or before . the Ist March, 1833, to 1,275 L, ..ards other Polieles is above 70,00 0 , kind exceeds 260,0001., and the Annual Revenue lag prosperity. the whole being in a course of steady and increas. No other Life A hold out great e i n ,"ssurance Institution whatever can warrantably — ` va ntages to parties Assuring than this Society does. WILLIAM COOK, Agent for London. — GI A ' Moor gate-st r street. .A.:"TRALASIAN, COLONIAL, and GENE.. 126, ' ,,_. lt Ar- , LIFE ASSURANCE and ANNUITY COMPANY, ..isnopsgate-street, corner of Cornhill. Capital 200,0001., in 2,000 Shares. Robd Barnard, Esq., .R S p • D . IR . ECTORS: Gideon Colquhoun, Esq. rt Brooks, E Charles E. Mangles, Esq. Ile sq• John Ruckle, Esq. .1 a ß n i k ch o a f rd L O on n d sl o o n is . -, Esq. William Walker, Esq. co:Zr:etnr: Cllap A P :x r l E as— sq. l.Tnion 13 l ' n ßS—The Bank of Australasia (Incorporated by. Royal Charter, 1835), No. 2, Moorgate-street. SOLICITORS —Messrs. Maples, Pearse, Stevens, and Co. llllrsiciax—Dr. Fraser, 62, Guildford-street, Ritssell-square. Assn SEC RETARY ' — Edward Ilyley, Esq. e ___ ..„....L.CS may be effected with this CompanY at unnsually .4‘ ourable rat 6, affording every variety of accommodation to the ~arured. P articipation in profits ascending and descending scales of ,s'u'enliarn, permission to retain o ' ne=third of the premium, which is B ` ma rged as a debt against the policy, tables for the assurance of a un i s payable in the event of death to the executors of the assured, or to allnself upon the attainment of the ages of 45, 50, or GO. TO EMIGRANTS, TO THE AUSTRAL ASIAN COLONIES, quo are advantagesr the whole term of life, this Company Tet°flers the of permission to proceed to, to reside in, and to i..., ~. Dre-wium.-osmthtehroes.e colonies without extra p rem i um ; and to pay their riURGESS'S NEW SAUCE, for general pier for . Poses, having ained such great approbation, and the demand fit continuing to increase, JOHN BURGESS and SON beg most b e : Peef fullY to offer thus their best acknowledgments to the Public Tetheir liberal Patronageof the same ; its utility and great conveni e in all climates have recommended l', to the most distinguished ~..reign c onnections, who have all spoken highly in its recommenda- Mun• It is prepared by them only; and for preventing disappoint to families, all possibl e care h as b een resorted to, by each et being sealed on th e cor k w i t h their firm and address, as well genu each label having their signature, without w hi c h it canno t b e ESS ENCE BURGESS and SON'S l ong-established and much-esteemed yewOENGE of ANCHOVIES continues to be prepared by them after same manner that has giv en th e greatest satisfaction for many "ears. Warehouse, 107, Strand, corner of Savoy Steps, London. MPORTANT to FAMILIES FURNISHING. 1. —A considerable savin g can be effected in the purchase of tdriishing Ironmongery, by visiting the PANKLIBANON IRON rORKS, 58, Baker-street, Portman-square, where may be in eted the most extensive STOCK of IRONMONGERY GOODS In q e k ingdom, consisting of kitchen cooking utensils, German silver ir_a_res. drawing-room stoves, shower and vapour baths, ornamental "" work, garden implements, japanned water cans and toilette pails, best Sheflield plate, kitche n ranges, fenders and fire-irons, tea trays, al evirewOrk, flower stands, table cutlery, &c. Every article .elne marked i convince plain figures, at the lowest possible price, will fully eutti ng fr r r c,"as; .sat this establishment of the great advantage re- Of th. , '441 Payments as the proprietors warrant every article THOR -. per,YbeAt Manufacture', at a saving of at least 30 per cent. s-3 - ,llowanCe LO WS, and Co., 58, Baker-street, Portman-square. to merchants and captains. ~ -C 4 n don4 '."f r iaM ENT.—Persons ha v i ng a littl e ti me gp.,. O are apprised that Agents continue to be appointed in or the sale coentry towns, by the EAST INDIA TEA COMPANY, little .o Offi ce : , Vof their celebrated teas. „,,They at ,, • 9, Great St. Helen's - churchyard , Bishopsgate-street. With P a cked In showy leaden canisters, from one ounce to w a t ith th e Price and weight marked on each packet, and „mu_ male is occasioned by the sale. The license is only I Is. per 81 der a l an d man ass during the last ninetees years have realised con -41„-'oln.es by tho agency without one shilling let or loss. eatioi_22ll.ade (if by letter post-paid) as above. SILVER TEA SERVICES. B. SAVORY and SONS, Manufacturing zno a ,l d. silvers OILY 14, Cornhill, London, opposite the Bank n of TCr.ipt.},atlhmit the prices of the following SILVER TEA a d h is feet' th SERVIC ES• The Cottage Pattern is plain, standing on The c...e Tea and Coffee Pot 'with a flower ornament on the ads. M a , 0 , .a Pattern is richly emhossed with flowers and molls. The 9ther is new and elegant %troa ß silynge Pa•tern. • King's Pattern. bitt o s fel Pot.. .£l2 0 0 Strong Silver Tea Pot.. Xl2 0 0 bit "gar Basi • 7 10 0 „, to ii n ...... 616 0 Ditto Sugar Ra , in 'Jut ° c offe r—ver .... 410 0 Ditto Cream Ewer 5lO 0 P00r..::..: Po t .. ..15 0 0 Ditto Caffbe Pot ... Ver n the shZ°NPwards of 1", . Mete --- 1 a,„,.. ........... .£3B 6 0 Complete 4O 0 0 r—olislte rocfLoorns, Whet ► 1 y b ea selected every article of Silver Fay T and Coffee Services may be seen artPielbph,et; 1.114 gidpboardeorar aplateeihest. +til l d". g r atig Prices, illustrated with sketches of the various Itg. 4 and f orwarded, postage tree, to any pan, of h .1114,1' d. Savc".7 and Sons, 14, Cornhill, London, opposite the Bank of RA,Arp,„ Th u - PILL OF HEALTH. r i ltesgi on ni . illf°lll.advantages to the heads of families from ort the o tilloes.,c,zufici-e.nee, a e d_ci o ne of known e ffi cacy, that o may em be po re r L y re sor ted t o , th at . Jrnig in"Zni,s,?dstinvitoh suc r c l e e ss ss e in ve c r a y sg oe, f t d are so obvious to Zoilldoer h''';t?etleksitionoa;,fle '. be rais r e e d o of its importance to Wth g 18 res„nc44.lll. From among numerous testim ma's. n . ev o ery liouisee u 74 ~, it'. , 11ore s u A b o m p i o t o ted : r e ZTr,... ; / ha ~.." !'2 ueper.struTeet2-29 iiia . o sTil h a es x i n e , r, L is nii a DAN. PILL OF Illy %x„,'"'eu...h s atisfaction in conimunicatj_n_g_tiv)lll.iuoNis e oUrs e . 1 ' HE .T.,,V;bee, after reead trials, of FHA 12, 114 , 12 i : e hey ' , tha n , ' 4 ..1, and I feel it but t ju , tice to stat., that in the have system ' 10 Iind i......Y?ars' trial of vati >us Aperient Medicines, 44.7, ?: e svan,_ warran'ed in _ frem rttlisiuits at once salutary and e ffi cient in the relief l . of the . I n ~1111, t heref or uldant bile , with so little inconvenien, bh) v Pi'cilly i ner 7, of. being able to reccmmend to families , school , , ' declaring that they supply to me a Fri,d it tpa!de a r n c lll e nien, whether at the desk or on the road, a means . of mak ing I' It AY :l e I if , ; e . l ' an o.ccasional medlcine. And I shall ts ke i, 1 • I p!,ON,4,gri,llg. this testimony, lam t he .appreciated.a ; T he h a n t r. , _ S lr, resp oc l; - .;'ip valoorc general!), icitltiv.,llll4-sriTir.„ ,?:,,,,,4:-.,-,,v-ieoene,tented sale It Iheuses.Pills, arising from the earnest re %at p nt e . ll Use t o l i f , t he rnany thouiands who have derived benefit Ilii. lorth 4 a .rer ao Y langthenet comment unnecessary, the are Old4ant, i'.?9d Li ee lalre tor all disea ses to which man ki n d i s H a w ,but for ;„ ,.10 14, „,,. oinpiaints, with their many well-known attend s - 1 li c ,.esl, biz__ :cks.lieadache, Pain and Oppression after mess, i ;i'v,"oo oritiiO4oisAppitiefilineg Wind. in Head and , Ears, Drowsiness, aet ls o t ri s. prht, rg „,, d oses ~, ill convince arld ins ° t' the 1 1;t' aci1 will speedily regain i a strength a ealthy Spasms, & '- . of their salutary str, n‘ „ead i i ii,ti; Howell., and Kidneys, will rapidl t ake } pace ; I_Zl,l:e":ii,_7,tivity. and heat, pains, and j aundiced a o p d pe o l a rn ag ce e , , etzt,ty",;in:uelatcohr icar,inn:4llPhlivsecimil!dlcailtnlel: according to to the directions fiel.lthgczisl 11;;111 ;:y cit t t i, t1 ., , 29. , Stra d London , Price Is. 1;4(1. and 2s. 9d. Ant, Toi '' vendors lolf Med i cin es generally throughout the g , nle a, i ' RAN * , "o•err,,,, 4,,'!,,11e5e ft ,'' 9 14 'S PILL of HEALTH , and observe the 1 ' ' , atil t , - '' Tho masProut, 229, Strand, London." on the , PirriLi NoT10E• 11) SHIPpEn. ,34, OXFORD -STREET. or.„-,q,ne-,-,_'-eestinlonials, Gratis, by all Agen ts. the "so C i ;"„',. 0,, WNERgs CAPTAIN, AND OTHERS. pair -1 -11 U-LNR'S EyE SNUFF.— U nder /4theitsiZnage is universally re heia_4'ended h e ''' a the Lords ot the Treasury , ni of his late Majesty, her Royal Hig hness the -- nit to trY_the Faculty for its e ffi cacy in removing B:ol4,,elt%zahnd_ lie, EID ad.NEFIVOUS HEADACHE AND Its 41:1,e,triost altrittE, tqliNgttl'uSlCaUJPra)grant Compolln# a v tho l usand et,nrren,i,:e ;41.1i)Paltcatoto, ii ish4iivglitt use , h .Veaastrripning --eip„se, x e e t geterer to 11:, PPeratiotPl. If teiti'rnoni: b et necessarY ,112 c 1.0,,i, ~f , ce . trial, Kings, Lord!, and Commons. hemet:ellwt .te,tticet,iithe 1341,2beettsrriwy htaviehsanctlotned its rinse._ h . e_ t Oc T ulists, Medical to indu e ce . tlh . firhnsitoZ.l:B,with that geignaiiticebarlirnce,etnien Press—have ei , i . l,: ( if t i t s m ed . ittt4,,,,5p,;,,,,y'; sn e u l ea!: !•,aitotc,l i 41: I t r t l i ) e a a c c eo ue Compound km, 0 i g ' all dise wn as as es incidegt el4'• '..cl”,aintElead. G.. 1. Guthrie Esq., P.R.& See 3. i l . eall e s it nartoo, bie;emnx, Whitehll. Or. Thomas, Dr. And 1-see Ills Reports touching o lt 110 l .et,b.rnethy, d G i rimstone's Eye /4:etilriari call it tll:laZasnlyoesntthgisenrd7'narandlet he "Student's Vade br A .m. s u_elity. rew The late }le its Stat estenaciousthe useas •th the nervous system, henefit to , Wit h `lfr. when freq s u l wi ken, must be of the great": adoption as e --4sntner ; andeFurthr recommends its universal or. Tho a preventative. ' ' iteacLehe a both of that Grim. : Z a o s ._ of liatheld, having witnessed many cases LAt . , n ; W s of thePrnnta",lin'tighsa:,-NnAlzdtvoe,in,ali'sisotpArgrtniy-etsit'oredtand , oe •:‘,F'4rn!)3, GRIIreNE'S EYE SNUFF; . li 1.41. the r i l?i e r a .r,,g:r.--Tisfee'eT%utn4d i by . ._se .. of 'll VC: April l ntni you of the far 4,1•e11s cure effected onamsey'siell nyjtaskling rather to''',,!'l.),ated Gronstone's Lie Snuff, Which, io my case, ought li disfnes„"._ealled '. Ear Snuff,' it ha,,ing effectually relieved meofreotme a few pinches of !t.tolibi,erty;;Linelnaits:h eloch I, have been su ff ering for many a• Y .I Id no regret i'f‘sti you please of this communication, ours_ Ey Snuff Re ne not universally keo::xtraordinary qualities of y :', ?ranten Sco"tlianag.', dear Sir, ysiniaraellient !ervan e si e nce I REI MAAREGOR. ,o, m:lnciv. olc i I: fur the t , i , - ul hA 4fai e Ifil.erp hi g fact; o rorly statements. ics. relA,e.4. Rey noldi, editor Of Chattbers' Loridon Journ;l, &c.. &c., ,„,,,,,,, 4,onroeray.r,ute4 d ttinglpaaettliiisriaai'dtcaall now write without spectacles of k. t _ la n t n , e P. L.erqds;faciag th e toa d Park-street, Wiadsor; cured Thatch Tl. IssaefhAllt! VsdcbileacdauPeide.lhOS;llX3ir)eir 1848firtnellialgilnd ,ed Rouse Tavern —See his letters, 1838 and 112. ~_,,, 4erve the Caution —W. Gni AIS 1 4JNE is the sole inventor, ""tis.the only genuine is prepared by him. I,74.!eris, at 81., it ,„!.?! Odoriferous Herbace• us Compound of Herbs is sold in 2 d., '.• Icl., 4.=. 4d. tis., and Iss. 6d. each„by the iss, " '"tor. W. (I RI MSTONE, at No. 434, oxford-street, 1 otten- 5114 _r.oret-Toad end (late of No. n, Broad -street, Bloosbtir.y), Drine7ptatil ,rflowerobaary, If late ; and also be ootatned in all Phis Owners, , Cattains,aannd 'l;tesrlo'ks lib ot.u.ailioNoloowe,asnlyee torpprho, ! it - s ei:ated Snuff is Shipp to all quarters of the globe, and retains tri the nii il l qualities ' n every climate All Snuffs and Cigars shipped An s nerot,..st notice. thdizquniont.ltyY ocra,iiretbe! fxr‘;sarrrle.thoriosegrh eilteh General Post, wi i cost b gift ;;;;ilV3iirellirllll.• LAME Wl' ON DEBILITY, NERVOUSNESS, AND ALL DISORDERS ARISING FROM EXCESS, &c. " He who in pleasure's downy arms Ne'er lost his health or youthfti Icharin& A hero lives, and justly can Exclaim, in me behold a man I" Just published (in a sealed envelope), Tenth Edition, price 26. 6d., or sent by post, free, to any address, 3s. 6d.s QELF-PRESERVATION : a Popular Essay on those concealed disorders originating in youthful excesses, and terminating in Nervous Debility, Local and Constitutional Weakness, and all those Sinkings, Anxieties, and Tremors, which afflict the Weak, the Sedentary, and the Delicate, With Practical Observations on llarriage, and on the Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases of the Reproductive O r g ans , with plain Directions for their perfect Restoration. 5l SAMUEL LAMERT, Consulting Surgeon 9, REDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON, Matriculated Member of the University of Edinburgh, Honorary Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, Licentiate of Apothecary's Hall, London,&c. " The various positions of Lover, Husband, and Parent, the hi herent privileges of mankind, ate frequently marred and prevented through the follies and frailties of early indiscretions. To such, among others, this Essay addresses itself; and by its perusal many questions may be satisfactorily adjusted that admit of no appeal even to tne most confidential friend "—Staffbrd Gazette. "The design of this work will be tolerably obvious from its title, and we cordially recommend the author and his book to all who are. :.'dftering from nervous debility and general weakness."—Wakefield Journal. Published by the Author, and sold in London by S. Gilbert, 51 and 52, Paternoster-row; Stacie, Tichberne.street, Quadrant Regent street; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford-street; Noble, 114, Chancery lane; Gordon, 146, Leatienhall-street ; and by all Booksellers. At home every day till 1 hree, and from Five till Eight. DEPARTURE 6 1? THE KING OF SAXONY. (From the Edinburgh Courant of Monday.) His Majesty the King of Saxony has now taken his departure from the British dominions. After a stay un exampled in the modern movements of Monarchs, and which, we trust, indicates the gratification he has de rived from his sojourn, - he'elosed his tour of the island yesterday (Sunday) with the Scottish metroinlis. On Saturday he embarked, about eleven o'clock, in Lord Wilton's schooner yacht, for Aberdour, and for a cruise in the Frith, Lord John Scott, in his yacht, the Lufra, accompanied his Majesty in his progress. The royal party returned about half-past three, and his Ma jesty drove up to town (Edinburgh), and in the most unostentatious manner proceeded to the Royal Hotel, where he took lunch. This was done with so little parade, that it was almost by accident the inmates re cognised him. His Majesty then drove out to Roslin, and on alight ing at the inn an interesting scene took place. Several parties of ladies and gentlemen from Edinburgh and the neighbourhood were at Roslin, enjoying the beauty of the country ; and when the royal carriages arrived the whole turned out, formed a circle round his Majesty, and greeted him with hearty acclamations, which tte King courteously returned. His Majesty then pro ceeded to view the chapel and castle, .and from the chapel they walked to llawthornden, which they mi nutely inspected. Returning to Roslin, they entered the carriage and drove to Dalmahoy, where a distin guished party was invited to meet his Majesty at dinner. Yesterday (Sunday) , at eleven o'clock, his Majesty and suite attended the Catholic chapel in Broughton street, and, after the sevices, entered a carriage and four, arid drove down to Granton-pier, where his Majesty was received by Sir William Bain. The Lightning steamer, sept down by Government for his Majesty's use, was brought to, and the steps leading from the pier to the vessel were covered with crimson cloth. Mr. List, and a party of the county police, kept the pier, and lined the passage to the steamer. His Majesty was accompanied by his noble host, the of 'Morton, and by the members of his suite. Soon after his Ma jesty went on board the Lightning got under weigh, and proceeded for Hamburgh, where the King will disem bark en route for his own dominions. The steamer is under the command of Commander Roberts and Lieutenant Southey, brother to the late poet laureate. ADVERTISEMENT. ANOTHER EXTRAORDINARY PROOF OF THE EFFICACY OF HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— Mr. Stevens, a gentleman holding a highly responsible situa,tion in an insurance-office in the City, from over attention to business, became so bilious, debilitated, and nervous, with palpitation of heart, and with a dread on tho mind of some approaching calamity, as to be ren dered for some weeks quite incapable of attending to his duties. In this truly pittable state he commenced the use of this miraculous medicine, which in a fortnight re stored him to the highest enjoyment of health, and this when physicians failed to afford the least relief. Sold (also Holloway's Ointment) at Professor Holloway's Esta blishment, 244, Strand (where advice may be had gratis), and by almost all respectable medicine vendors throughout the civilised world. The Committee of Secresy appointed to inquire into the'state of the law in respect of the detaining and opening of letters at the General Post-office, and into the mode-under which , the authority given for such detaining and opening has been exercised, and to report their opinion and observa tions thereupon to the House, and to whom several peti tions.were referred;-have examined the matters to them referred, and have agreed to the following report : Your Committee; in performance of the duty which the House has devolved upon them, of inquiring into the state of the - law respecting the detaining and opening of letters at the General Post-office, beg to state' in the outset thht although the wording of the 33d and 36th chapters of the Ist of Victoria, which now mainly regulate the Post:office, is, in respect of the matter in hand, somewhat different from that of the 10th chapter of the 9th of Anne, for which they were sithstituted, yet that there appears to be no such vari ance between the statutes of those two periods respectively, as to prevent your Committee from assuming, Rh- the con venience of their inquiry, that the same powers are con veyed or recogniseclin all. The inquiry, therefore, what the state of the law now la respecting such detention and opening, is reduced to the in quiry- what the state of the law ivhs, respecting the same matter, immediately on the passing of the statute of Anne, unless in the intervening period, the principles which regu late the interpretation of Acts in general should have under gone modification, or cases should have been decided in the superiot courts of law ' which might have, a bearing, on the ..constroction to be given to this particular Act. With that reservation, the law on the matter in question was th 4 same in 1711 that it is in 1844. In preference to discussing the purely legal question, how far the statute of Anne, in recognising the practice, on the part of Secretaries of State, of issuing warrants to open letters, rendered it lawful for the Secretaries of State to issue such warrants, your Committee propose, s o f ar as th e y h ave materials for hat purpose, to give the history of this prac tice, prior and subsequent to the passing of that statute; these materials being such as ought not to be overlooked in investigating the grounds on which the exercise of this au thority rests. ' In these early researches your Committee will have occa sion to inquire into the condition of the posts-in this country at various periods of our history, and into the connection that subsisted between them and the supreme authorities of the country. In these inquiries your Committee have been assisted. by Sir Francis Palgrave, of the Rolls Office, by. Messrs. Lechmere and Leman, of the State Paper Office, and by Mr. Reeve, of the Council Office. It does not appear at what precise period the Crown under took to be the regular carrier of. letters for its subjects. The Crown, doubtless, found it necessary at a very early period, to the exercise of the functions of sovereignty, to be able to convey with speed and security its own dispatches from one part of the realm to another, and from and to parts beyond the seas; and for that purpose it appointed certain messengers- or runners, called the posts. These posts were also employed for the personal convenience of the Sovereign, and the individuals composing the royal court. In course of time, a master of the posts was appointed, and the first of these on record was Brian Tuke, Esq., afterwards Sir Brian Tuke Knight, who held that office in 1516, -and wh ose l e tt er to Thomas Cromwell, respecting the performance of its duties, dated 17th August, 1533, is given in the appendix. The joint successors of Sir Brian Tuke were Sir William Paget, Knight, Privy Councillor, and one ofHenry the Eighth's chief secretaries, and John Mason, Esq., secretary for the French tongue. The letters patent, dated 12th November, 1545, conveying to them this. office, grant to them, during their lives and the life of the survivor, the office of master of the messengers, runners, or posts, as well within the kingdom of England as, in parts beyond the seas in the King's dominions, together with the wages or fee of 66/. 13s. 4d. a-year, to be held by themselves or their sufficient deputy or deputies, &c. ; but, besides his fee, the Master of the Posts received from the Crown the amount of his expenses for con veying letters, of which he rendered in an account, many samples of which are given in the appendix. There is a succession of patents (including recitals of patents), granting the same office, at the same fee, to other parties for life, in the times of Elizabeth, James 1., and Charles I. With regard to correspondence conveyed by other messen gers than their own, our monarchs viewed it with great suspicion ; but it was especially towards letters arriving from or going to parts beyond the seas that their vigilance seems to hare been directed. The frequency of disputed successions to the Crown, and the constant jealousy _enter tained of the Court of Rome, will assist in explaining their desire 'to prevent such correspondence. All letters coming from beyond the seas were directed to be seized ; but in the time of Edward 11., to whose reign the first record of this kind belongs, the King's bailiffs, in assisting the admiral of the fleet to search for letters, were forbidden under the pretext of such powers, to attack or oppress any mer chants or others crossing the seas. The open seizure by Wolsey, in 1525, of the dispatches sent from this country by the ambasador of the Emperor Charles V:, is a proof of the extraordinary jealousy with which foreign corre spondence was regarded, and of the vigilance with which it was watched. After the grant of the office of Master of the Posts to any new person, a royal proclamation always followed, to notify the new appointment. Consequent on the grant of the office by Queen Elizabeth, in the year 1590, to John Stanhope, Esq., there is a, proclamation, prohibiting all persons what soever from gathering up, receiving, bringing, or carrying out of the realm any letters or packets, without the allowance of the masters and comptrollers of the posts, or their deputies. All mayors, bailiffs, &c., are ordered to make diligent search for all mails, &c., of all such disavowed carriers, &c., or suspected persons, coming into or going out of the realm with packets of letters ; and all such to' apprehend, &es, keeping them in safe custody, until, by the view of their writings, sent up to the Privy Council, it be seen and advised what further shall be done with them." Exception is made of. the dispatches of her Majesty's principal secre taries, of ambassadors, and of others sufficiently authorised. Similar prohibitions are contained in 'the proclamations an nouncing the appointment of new postmasters in the two subsequent reigns. The practice probably began at an early period, and after wards grew into a regular custom, of alloWing private per sons to avail themselves of the King's posts for transmitting their correspondence. This probably became a perquisite to the postmasters, while, at th e same time; it gave to Ministers of State the power of narrowly inspecting the whole of the written communications of this country. • The employment of the posts for carrying the letters of the subjects of the Crown is recognised in a proclamation, dated 1591, consequent on the before recited grant by Queen Elizabeth to John Stanhope, Esq., of the office of Master of the Queen's Posts. The ord Treasurer and others are thereby directed to notify to all merchants, both strangers and others, in the city of London, that they are not to take upon them to employ any disavowed persons to convey their letters, but are to use such only as are lawfully appointed for that purpose. The same direction is repeated in a procla mation of James I s. dated 1609. In the year 1628, in an address from the House of Commons to charles 1., it is. stated that the deputy of the King's postmaster, appointed to carry the letters from the Crown beyond the seas, was likewise employed for the same purpose by the English mei chants. With regard to inland letters, in a document obtained fiom the State Paper-office, and dated 1635, it is stated that the King's postmasters carried the subjects' letters, but up to that time had never reaped any benefit from it. The officer who has been hitherto mentioned as the King's postmaster, was the master of the posts within the King's dominions, at home or beyond the seas. To him, however, had hitherto belonged the transmission of letters both at home and abroad; but in 1619 a new Patent-office was esta blished by James 1., called that of the Postmaster of England for foreign parts out of the King's dominions. The patent gave rise to a long legal contest between Lord Stanhope, who held the former of these two offices, and Matthew de Ques ter, the new patentee. During these proceedings, lest the merchants of London should sustain inconvenience from in terruption to their foreign correspondence, an order was issued permitting them to convey their letters to and from parts beyond the seas, by messengers of their own choosing ; and moreover, the Lords of the Council, to whom the dis pute had been• referred, advised De Quester, by letter, not to give any interruption to the conveyance and reconveyance of the merchants' letters. On the subject of this letter, the Secre tary of State, Sir John Coke, wrote to his co-Secretary of State, Lord Conway, calling the power of sending foreign let ters a branch of the royal authority, affirming that no place in Christendom can be named where merchants are allowed to send their letters by other posts than those authorised by the State; that his colleague best knew what account they shall be able to give in their places of that which passeth by letters in or out of the land, if every man may convey letters, under the covers of merchants, to whom and what place he pleaseth, &c. The order, " upon weighty reasons of State," was afterwards limited to the Company of Merchant Adventurers alone, and they were only to convey their let ters to the towns of Hamburgh and Delf, and they were to give bond to carry no other letters than those concerning the Company ; no one was to be appointed messenger to the Com pany, unless approved of by the Secretaries of State; the other companies of merchants were to send their dispatches by De Quester only ; and, in times of war and danger to the State, the said Company, and all other companies of mer chants, if required, were to acquaint the Secretaries of State, from time to time, with their letters and dispatches into fo reign parts. In the end, by the influence of the Crown, Lord Stanhope was made to surrender his patent. De Quester's patent came into possession of one Thomas Witherings, who suggested to the Crown .a plan for the entire re-organisation of the inland posts, which, instead of producing at that time any revenue to the State, were a burden to it of 3,400/. per annum. The plan proposed consisted essentially of three parts—the establishment of fixed rates of postage; substi tuting horse posts, which were to travel at the rate of 120 miles in twenty-four hours, instead of foot posts, which tra velled at the rate of 18 miles; and giving to the public gene rally the use of the Post-office. This plan was adopted; Witherings was appointed to the office; and thus became centered in the same person the offices of Postmaster for in' land and for foreign letters. Iu 1635 and 1637 appeared two proclamations, to notify and give effect to the new plan of Mr. Witherings ; and in both these there were clauses pro hibiting any other than Mr. Witherings, or his deputies, from carrying letters. In 1640, on a charge of divers abuses and misdemeanours committed by Witherings in the execution of his said two offices, they were sequestered into the hands of Philip Bur lamitchi, of London, merchant, who was to execute the same under the care and oversight of the principal Secretaries of State; and without tracing at this day the disputes which the conflicting pretensions of different individuals to the pos session of thes offices gave rise in the year 1642, it will be sufficient to say that, shortly afterwards, the management of the affairs of the Post-office fell into the hands of Mr. Pri deaux, who was Chairman of the Comthittee appointed by the House to consider the inland department of the Post office, and was afterwards, under the Commonwealth, At torney-General to the State. Mr. Prideaux was appointed Master of the Posts, in 1644, by the authority of both Houses of Parliament. The validity of the clause in the grant to Witherings of the inland letter office, prohibiting any but the persons ap pointed by the patentee from receiving or delivering letters at any: place where the patentee should settle posts, was brought in question, in 1646, before a Committee of the House of. Lords. TWo of the Judges were appointed assist ants to the Committee, and were expressly ordered to report their opinion as to all such particulars concerning the yell. - - dity of the patent as the Committee might think fit to ask them, and they reported, " That the inlaud,letter-office patent was well eNeted ; that ' the clauses of restraint, in the said patent, are void and not good in law; that notwithstanding these clauses be void, yet the patent is good for the rest" The foreign letter -office patent was not referred to the con sideration of the Committee. • AccOrdine• to the law as expounded by the two judges, no person, under the authority of letters patent from the Crown, could, without an Act of Parliament, lawfully set up any ex clusite.title to carry mails of letters from one part of the kingdom to another. It apPears that in 1650 the Common Council .of the city of London, not satisfied with the footing on which Mr. Prideaux, then Attorney-General, had placed the posts, of conveying letters into all parts of the nation only once a week, endeavoured of their own authority to settle posts on the'several roads, which were to run twice a week; and this they had actually done in the" whole line of the road to Scotland. On a report to that effect from the Council of State,-the Parliament resolved, " that the offices of post-.. masters, inland and foreign, are and ought to be in the sole. poier and disposal .of the Parliament ;" and they referred it to the Council of State to consider how , those offices might best be settled ; and in the meantime to take orders for the present management thereof. - These offices continued, until .1653, to be managed by Mr. Prideattx. They were farmed in• 1653, and in 1655 the ma nagement of them was entrusted to Mr. Secretary Thurloe, on his giving security for the then present rent of 10,0001. a year. In 1657, a Bill for the settling of the postage or England, Scotland, and Ireland was laid, by order of the Protector, before his Parliament, and passed with some amendments. It provided for the establishing one general post-office, and one postmaster-general, to be appointed under letters patent by the Lord Protector and his successors, such officer and his deputies (with certain reservation) to have exclusively autho rity to carry inland and foreign letters, rind of horsing all thorough pats, and persons riding by post to and from any post-roads, with power to 'levy certain rates for conveyance .of letters and horsing' of posts; imposing penalties on any persons other than the postmaster-general or his deputies, who shall set up posts for the conveying of letters or horsing of posts ; providing for the forwarding by post of ship letters, for the exercise of. superintendence over the postmaster by the Lord Protector. and his successors, and giving power to the Lord Protector'and his successors to farm the post-office for life, or for any term not exceeding eleven years. • • After the restoration Charles 11. granted, by letters patent, 'August 14, 1660, to Henry •Bishopp, - for the term of seven years, the office of the master of running messengers, formerly held by Lord Stanhope and others, &c. ; an d by a separa t e indenture, dated September I', agreed t o f arm t o th e sa id H . Bishopp, for the term of seven years, all powers and profits expressed in the. "pretended" Act of 1657, for the annual rent Of 21,5604 payable quarterly. The said Bishopp agreed, at the rates stated in the said " pretended" Act of Parliament, and no higher rates, - to defray the whole charges of main taining the said office; the King agreeing that the Parlia ment shall be moved speedily and effectually to pass an Act of Parliament, in the due and usual form, for settling the said postage and the profits thereof on hie Majesty, as part of his said Majesty's revenue. On the 12th of September, 1660, it was ordered by the . Lords and Commons, in Parliament assembled, that the office of postmaster, and the postage and carriage of' letters, domestic and foreign, should continue to be exercised by the same persons now employed therein by his Majesty, their agents and servants; according to the same rates and rules now prac tised, and without the interruption of any person or persons whatever, until the 6th day of NoVember next ensuing. And in December, 1660, an Act was passed agreeing nearly, mu tatis mutandis in its enacting clauses with that of 1657. The passing of this Act was followed by a proclamation for quieting Vishopp in the execution of his office. On his surrendering it in 1663,• it was granted to Daniel O'Neale, one of the grooms of the chamber, who farmed it for the re mainder of Bishopp's original term, and on the same condi • tions. A proclamation followed O'Neale's appointment. An Act passed id 1663, for settling the pr o fit s o f ,t h e Post-office on the Duke in, York and his heirs male ; and two proclama tions followed, one in 1669, the other in 1683, for enforcing the due execution of the said Acts. On the expiry of O'Neale's lease; in 1667, Lord Arlington was appointed Postmaster- General, and a proclamation followed for quieting him in the execution of his office: No statute for altering the manage ment of the .Post-office, or the rates of postage, was passed during the reign of James 11. and Wm. 111., nor until the 9th year of Anne. • In reviewing that period of the history of the country which commences with 1641, .your Committee beg to notice the following incidents, as bearing on the subject of their inquiry. • Repeated stoppages of the foreign mails were made by the orders of the two Houses, and Committees Were appointed, eom posed of the Members of both Houses, to open and read the letters stopped. On one of those occasions Mr. Pym re ported the answer of the Lords to a messige from the Com mons to stop the foreign mails, " that they did yield to the opening of letters ; but it would be very inconvenient if often used." •, • F - r T an ti c e e - o a p n e d n A in n g tw a el d p e N te o n v t . io l n 64l e , f" in l l e i d re t o l t a tQ c r o s m e p o l i a l i i n n t g to fr t o h m e King and. to the Lords from the ambassador of the republic of Venice. • The preamble to the Act of Cromwell's Parliament for settling the postage of England, Scotland, and Ireland, enu 'merates among the advantages of the post, that it is the best:means " to discover and prevent many dangerous and wicked designs which have been and .are 'daily 'contrived against the. peace and welfare 'of the Commonwealth; the in telligence whereof cannot well be communicated but by letter of escript?' - It scarcely needed this evidence to prove that during the Protectorate recourse was had to the expedient of opening letters. This fact is sufficiently apparent from the number of letters designated as " intercepted letters," in the State correspondence of Secretary Thurloe. •No preamble similar to that which the Act of CromWell contains, appears in the statute of Charles 11., for erecting and establishing a Post -office. But In the lease granted to Bishopp, of the profits to arise from the Post-office under the Act, which Parliament was to be moved by his Majesty speedily and effectually to pass, it is agreed that the lessee shall permit and suffer the said• Secretarie s. of State for the time being, or either of them, . from time to time, and at all times during the proposed term, to have the surveyand in spection of all letters within the office or offices aforesaid, at their or either of their discretion. And the same power is reserved to the Secretaries of State in the lease granted to Bishopp's successor, O'Neale. In the proclamation which immediately followed the pass ing of the statute of 1 660-1, the practice of opening, by au thority of the :Secretary of State, letters lawfully conveyed, is not mentioned •; but in. the proclamation which followed the appointment of. Bishopp's- successor, O'Neale, the words occur which correspond to those afterwards introduced into the or distributing of the same,` 61 : ' any 18ayttuntge of l A e t n t e n r e s fu o r fli th e e e r rs c , h t a h r a g t eand au shall b co e m em m plo d y t d ha i t n t ilo hexopost mastersothern. person ‘‘ ndo otherwre do or-persons of quality or 'condition soever they be, except by the immediate warrant of our principal Secretaries of State, shall presume to open any letters or . packets not directed unto themselves, or thatthey, or any other persons Whatsoever, do stop any mayl i n th e p as sage to or from Lon don, or any other pl ace whither the same is consigned and directed; but shall tr uly and faithfully deliver the same,. without any openi ng , concealing, g or retarding the delivery thereof." These words are not repeated in the subsequent proclamations of 1667, 1669,,1683, and 1685. As to letters unlawfully conveyed; it is directed in the pro clamations of 1 660-1, and 1667, that they be seized and sent to the Privy CPuricil ; i n those of 1669, 1683, and •1685, that they be considered as letters of 'dangerous consequence, and be seized and sent t o one of the Secretaries of State, or to the Privy Council, to the end that the persons conveying or sending them may be proceeded against, according to law ; in that of 1663, that they be seized and carried to the con cernedoffice, therein." "th lovingeetobe subjects as may be his disposed of for the benefit of f en a e l r i General c P h os o t f - Majesty's Although, aftei quoting the cited clauses from the leases granted to Bishopp- and, O'Neale, and the words from the proclamation of 1663, no reasonable doubt can be en tertained that the Governments of the different Monarchs who reigned between 1660 and 1711, had frequently re course to the practice of opening letters, yet the only instance during that period that has come under the notice of your Committee, is that of Coleman, one of the victims of the Popish plot. . tour a Committee now come to the period subsequent to the passing of the 9th of Anne, the first statute which re cognised the practice of opening letters, now under consi deration. Before they proceed to avail themselves of the information laid before them, which has proved to them that the 40th and 41st sections of this Act did not remain a dead letter, they will notice several occasions in the last century on which, both in Parliament and in courts of judicature, this practice was brought distinctly under public attenti on. - About eleven years after the passing of the Act, viz., in the year 1722-3, in the course of the proceedings h a d on passing the bills of pains and penalties against the . Bishop of Ro chester, and his two associates, Kelly and Plunket, the prin cipal evidence adduced against the parttindsai cc en u c sed e to warrantswthat of post-office clerks and others , who, in obedience from the Secretary. of State, had detained, Opened, copied, and deciphered letters to or from those parties. In the Com mittee on the Bill against Atterbury, in the House of Peers, the clause of the statute of Anne was referred to and com mented on by the bishop's counsel, who raised a doubt whe ther the copying or a letter were sanctioned by the Act ; but in no one of these three cases was any question raised as to the legality of the warrants, In 1735, complaint being made in the House of Commons by certain of the Members, that their letters had been opened and read by the clerks of the Post-office, on the pretence of ascertaining whether or no the franks of those Members were counterfeited, and a copy of his Majesty's warrant, whereby letters of Members and certain public func tionaries were per mitted to pass free from postage, being read, it was ordered that the copy of the said warrant be referred to the considera tion of a committee, and that they do examine the matter thereof, and report the same, with their opinions thereon, to the House ; and on the committee 'making it s report, the House resolved, inter alia, "That it is a hi g h i nfringement of the privileges of the knights, citizens, and burgeses chosen to represent the Commons of Great Britain in Parliament, for any postmaster, his deputies or agents, in Great Britain or Ireland, to open or look into, by any means whatsoever, any letter directed to or signed by the proper hand of any Mem ber without any express warrant in writing under the hand of one of the principal Secretaries of State for every such opening and looking into, or to detain or delay any letter directed to or signed with the name of any Member, unless there shall be good reason to suspect some counterfeit of it, without an express warrant of a principal Secretary of State, as aforesaid, for every such detaining or delaying. Sir Robert Walpole and Mr. Pelham are said to have agreed to the appointment of this committee, on an under standing that it should not inquire into anything that might tend to discover the secrets of Government. In 1742, how ever, the secrets of Sir Robert Walpole's Government were somewhat rudely pried into by the secret committee ap pointed "to inquire into the conduct of the Earl of Orford, during the last ten years of his being First Lord of the. Trea sury, and Chancellor and Under Treasurer of his Majesty's gxchequer." ANNti TO That committee, in its report, gave a description of the es tablishment for inspecting letters, as maintained by the Go vermuents over which Sir Robert Walpole had presided; but abstained from stating on what particular occasions that es , tablishm,tut had been made available. It appears from the information laid before your Committee, that under the pressure of the rebellion of 1745, which fol lowed almost immediately on the downfal of the administra tion of Sir Robert Walpole, his successors issued warrants' . for stopping and opening post letters of a very general and . unlimited character. In the year 1758, Dr. Hensey, a physician, was tried on a charge of high treason, being accused of a treasonable corre spondence with the enemy. The principal evidence on which he was convicted was that of a letter-carrier and a Post-office . clerk, the latter of whom had opened Dr. Hensey's letters, and delivered theni to the Secretary of State. In 1764, a Seleet'Committee of the House was appointed to inquire into the abuses of franking letters; and the chair man, Mr. Dyson, was directed by the Committee to move the House, "That it be an instruction to the Committee, that they have power to inquire into the abuses committed at the Post-office by opening inland . , letters ;" the motion, however, was negatived. The last instance that has come to the knowledge of your Committee, in whi c h thi s power was exercised under cir cumstances- of public notoriety, is that of the trial of Horne Tooke fur high treason, in 1795. A letter written to him by Mr. Joyce, a printer, was intercepted at the Post-office, and was stated by the prisoner to have been the immediate occa sion of his apprehension. On his requiring its production, it was produced in Court by the Crown officers, and given in evidence. It is now so long since any public trial has taken place, in . which facts ascertained by opening and detaining letters at the Post-office have been adduced in evidence, that it seems to have been nearly forgotten by the public that such a practice ever existed. • YoUr COmmittee, having gone through the proofs of a more public character, and ascertained that the Governments of past times have authorised the detaining and opening of post letters, and given notoriety to the exercise of that authority, and that the fact has, on several occasions, been brought under the, notice of Parliament and courts of law, proceed now to show (from evidence of a more secret, and confidential nature) to what extent this practice has been carried on, by the same authority, during the past and present centuries. 'Before entering,. however, on this head of inquiry, they con sider it proper to observe, that they have had before them, with few exceptions, every person now liviag who lids held the seals of Secretary of State for Home or Foreign Affairs, since the year 1822, as well as two noblemen who have dis charged the office of Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland; and several persons who have held confidential situations under them ; and they have further examined the present Postmaster- General, the Secretaries of the Post-office for England and. Ireland, together with several of the most confidential offi cers in every branch of the Foreign-office, the Home office, and the Post'-office ; and :that all these witnesses, without exception, have made to your Committee the most full and unreserved disclosures.; so much so as to have rendered it superfluous for your Committee to examine any other witnesses. Of the number and nature of warrants for opening and de taining post letters issued by Secretaries of State, from the year 1712 to the year 1798 inclusive, yOur Committee are able to render only a very incomplete account, compiled partly from the books of the Home Department, partly from the re cords at the State Paper-office. It appears that, during that term of years, it was not the practice to record such war rants regularly "in any official book. That this account is what the Committee describe it to be, very incomplete, is manifest. from the small number of warrants that enter into it, considering the length of the term of years. From 1712 "to 1798 inclusive, a term ofB7 years, the- number of warrants, of which any account has been obtained, is but 101; and of that number eleven only belong to the last twenty eventful years of the term, in cluding the period of the French Revolution: In this ac count, moreover, certain cases are not included, in which it is known, from reports of public trials, and other independent sources of evidence, that lette:s were opened and detained, such as those of Atterbury, Plunket, Kelly, Hensey, and Horne Tooke. From the commencement of the present century, if not froui an earlier period, down to the present time, the prac tice has been, with very few exceptions, for such warrants to issue only from. the Home-office, although another Se cretary of State has occasionally signed the warrant in the absence of the Secretary of State for the Home Department. From 1799 inclusive to the end of the year 1805, a record has been preserved of the warrants issued from the Home office, which, from the circumstance that the annual average which it exhibits agrees nearly with the annual average of the warrants issued in subsequent years, appears to the Com mittee to be nearly a complete record; they have, however, no other mode of testing its accuracy. It was not until the period, in the year 1806, when the late Earl Spencer became Secretary of State for Home Affairs, that the practice was introduced at the Home-office of recording the issuing of every such warrant in a private book belonging, not to the head of the department, but to the office, and always acces sible to the two Under-Secretaries of State and the Chief Clerk of the Domestic Department : and that practice has been continued, the Committee believe, without interruption, till the present time. Still, there is no check by which to test the completeness of the entries made in that book until the close of the year 1322, from whiclr period the original warrants themselves are preserved at the Post-office, the earlier warrants having been de s t ro y e d on th e remova l of the Post-office from Lombard-street to its present site in St. Martin's-le-Grand. After these explanations of the authenticity of the lists which have been submitted to their consideration, they pro ceed to give, first, an abstract of the warrants, so far as they have been able to make up an account, from 1713 to 1798 in clusive; secondly, an abstract of the warrants for detaining and opening letters issued by the Home Department since the commencement of the year 1799 to Midsummer, 1844. 'AL NUMBER OF WARRANTS IN EACH YEAR, FROM 1712 1798, SO FAR AS AN ACCOUNT OF THE SAME COULD BE DE UP. • Number g Number , Number ~,, of War- ti of War- Year. o f War , rants. rants. rants. 1712 1 1744 3 1768 1713 - 2 1745 7 1770 . 1723 1 1746 1 1772 1730 1 1749 ' 1 1773 1731 2 1751 1 • 1774 1734 3 . 1752 1 1776 1735 '4 1753 6 1777 .. 2 1736 3 1754 1 1778 1737 3 1755 1 1782 1738 . 7 1756 1 1783 1739 5 1763 3 . 1784 ..... 1 1740 1 1764 1 Froml7BB 1741 4 1765 1 _.., to 1798 5 e 6 1742 2 1766 ' 4 1743 4 1767 2 Total No lOl 'Total No.. The above warrants classed under certain heads :—Bank of England, 8 ; Bankruptcy, 5 ; Murder, theft, fraud, &c., 14; Prisoners of war, 1 ; Revenue, 10; Foreign correspond ence, 35 ; Treason,- sedition, &c., 5 ; Libel, 2 ; Forgery, 1 ; c D e e r b ta t i o n r , ab l7 s . c — on T di o n t g al f , rop m c . reditors, 2 ; Private case, 1 ; Un- ANNUAL NUMBER OF WARRANTS IN EACH YEAR, FROM 1799 TO 1844. Year. iNumber. I Year. i Number. Year. Number. !- 1799 9 1815 2 • 1831 17 1800 11 1816 0 1832 5 1801 7 1817 11 1833 4 .1802 6 1818 9 1834 6 1803 7 1819 6 1835 7 1804 2 1820 6 1836 7 1805. 7 1821 1 1837 4 1806 9 1822 12 1838 8 1807 . 13 1823 7 1839 16 1808 2 1824 2 1840 7 1809 11 1825 6 1841 18 1810 6 1826 8 1842 20 1811 8 1827 8 1843 8 1812 28 .. 1828 4 1844 7 1813 • 8 1829 5 1814 3 1830 14 372 Total number of persons named in the above warrants. 724. fiber of pc sel in the al 372 Lnts, 724. ibove wai This would give a little more thin eight warrants, on the average, per year, and about two persons, on the average, for each warrant. Among the warrants there are eight, applied each to some particular object, but not restricted to any de finite number of persons. The above warrants classed under certain heads :—Bank of England, 13 ; Bankruptcy, 2 ; Murder, theft, fraud, &c., 144 ; Treason, sedition, Sec., 77 ; Prisoners of war, 13 ; Re venue, 5 ; Foreign Correspondence, 20 ; letters returned to 'writers, 7 ; address copied, 1; forged frank, 1; uncertain, 89. Total, 372. The Secretaries of State who have signed the warrants re ferred to in the two preceding abstracts, are named in the following list, arranged -in the order of date :- 1712-13. The Earl of Dart- 1804-6. Lord 'Tewkesbury, mouth. and 1807.9. 1713. The Right Hon. W. 1806- 7. Earl Spencer. Bromley. 1807. Right Hon. C. W. W. 1722. Lord Visct. Townshend. Wynn. 1730-46. Lord Harrington.. 1809-12. The Right Hon. R. 1735-1754.- DukeofNewcastle. Ryder. 1749. Duke of Bedford. 1812-21. Lord Vise. Sidmouth. 1752-3. The Earl of Holder- 1822-30. The Right Hon. Sir ness. • R. Peel. 1755. The Right Hon. Sir T. 1822-3. Right Hon. G. Can- Robinson. ning. 1756. The Right Hon. H. Fox. 1823. Earl Bathurst. 1763. The Earl or Halifax. 1827. Lord Vis. Goderich. 1765-7. The Right Hon. Ge- Right Hon. W. S. neral Conway. Bourne. 1766. Duke of Richmond. 'Marci. of Lansdowne. 1766-7. The Earl of Shel- 1830-4. Lord Vis. Melbourne. burne. _ 1833-40. Lord Palmersson. _ _ 1770. The Earl of Sandwich. 1834. Lord Vis. Duncannon. 1770-4. The Earl of Rochefort. -- Duke of Wellington. 1776-7. Lord Vis. Weymouth. 1834-5. Right Hon. H. Gout _l77B. Tie Earl of Suffolk. burn. 1782-3. The Right Hon. T. 1835-9. Lord John Russell. Townshend. 1838. Lord Glenelg. 1782. The Right Hon. C. J. 1839-41. The Marq. of Nor- Fox. manby. 1784. Marq. of Carmarthen. 1841-4. The Right Hon. Sir 1799-1801. Duke of Portland. James Graham. 1801-3. Lord Pelham. 1844. Earl of Aberdeen. 1803. Right Hon. C. Yorke. • Among the warrants of the last century some few have been discovered that were issued on grounds which would now be considered highly objectionable, and would not be sanc tioned by recent practice. We proceed to give some speci mens of the earliest warrants. _ _ ------ The earliest, dated Sept. 20, 1712, is as follows : To the Postmaster-General,—Her Majesty is pleased to order that all letters directed to Mr. Thomas Perrin (and three others named) be sent to the Commissioners of the Customs for their perusal, as is desired by the inclosed letters from Mr. Carkess. This method is taken in order to dis cover their effects ; and you are to comply with it as far as is consistent with law and the duty of your office. DARTMOUTH. In 1741, at-the request or A., a Warrant' issued, to permit A.'s eldest son to open and inspect any letters which A.'s youngest son might write to two fllnales, one of whom that youngest son had' imprudently married. Two warrants, in 1734, arc issued, - each at the instance of the creditors of a party who has abscond e d, it not.bcing alleged that any posi tive fraud had been pr ac ti se d . One, issued in 1735, appears to have arisen out of a political libel ,•• another, in 1755, con cerns a noted political libeller of the day, Dr. Shebbear. One, in 1746, arises out of a robbery in bank bills, the pro perty of the Chamberlain of the City oC London ; all letters sent by post to Holland are to be examined ; and if anv •letter appears to contain any of the stolen - bills it is to be opened, and on suspicion of any letter containing anything that may lead to a discovery, that letter is to be stopped, opened, and inspected. - Two warrants, in 1738, and one in 1741, concern the practice, then in constant operation, of en listing recruits for Ireland for the Iris% brigade in France. The following - two general warrants, to which the com mittee before made allusion, were issued in the eventful year 1745: Secretary the Duke of Newcastle tO the Postmaster-Gene ral, September 20, 1745 :—To open and detain all (such) letters, packets, or papers, printed or oth erw i se , as s h all come to the General or other Post-office suspected to contai n matters of a dangerous tendency; 'and to transmit them to the office of the.Secretaryof State. . Setretary the Duke of Newcastle to the assistants of the Yarmouth and Chester roads, October 8, 1745 :—To open, inspect, and detain all such letters and packets as shall come to their offices, suspected to contain treasonable correspon dence • and to transmit th em t o th e Secretary of State. In 1 ' 783 the following warrant was issued:— . • . Whitehall, 10th February, 1783. To his Majesty's Postmasters-General. My Lord and Sir—l am to desire, and do hereby authorise you to stop and open all.such letters as are, or shall come to your hands, addressed to Lord George Gordon, at least such as may be supposed to come from the regiment, now on their march from to the northward, and any letters from his Lordship to that quarter; and to send me all the said letters as soon as possible after you shall have so stopped and opened them ; and for so doing this shall be your warrant. THOMAS TOWNSHEND, Secretary of State for the Home Department. To Lord Tankerville and the Right Hon. Henry Fred. Cartwright, joint Postmasters-General. , Comillg to the warrants of the present century, your Corn mittee have noticed among them, issued during certain pe riods of the last war , some f ew o f a very general nature. In 1800 and 1801 orders were given to the Postmaster-General to open all letters addressed to persons in France, Flanders, and Hollaiid, and all letters addressed to Dover, supposed to contain letters addressed to France. Flanders, and Holland. As regards intestine commotion, your Committee found that a warrant was i ssue d i n 1799, to open the letters of seventeen persons• at Manchester and Birmingham ; one in 1809, to open the'letters of eighteen persons in Manchester and Liverpool. In 1812, warrants were directed to the several postmasters of Nottingham, Manchester, and Glasgow, directing them to open all such letters passing through these several post-offices as should appear to A. B. (naming in each warrant some particular individual) to be of a suspicious na ture, and likely to convey seditious and treasonable informa tion, or to contain money intended to be applied to the pur pose of promoting seditious or other disturbances. A warrant, nearly similar to the preceding, was issued in 1813, to the postmasters of Wareham and Weymouth, in Dorsetshire, and one to the same purpose, in 1817, to the postmaster of Nottingham. Among the names of persons not now living, whose letters were directed to be opened previously to the year 1822, are found those of Despard, Thistlewood, and Watson ; and that of Mr. Hunt, once Member of Parliament for Preston. With regard to the warrants issued during the last 22 years and a half, your Committee have not observed among them a single warrant indefinite as to the number of persons coming within its scope. In every case the names are specified, and in one instance only does the number exceed 6. As regards this period, your Committee would have abstained from giving particular information concerning any warrant and from naming a single individual whose letters have been di rected to be opened, but for the notice which has been taken of the mode of executing certain warrants, and the mention which has been made of the names of the parties included in certain others ; these being the circumstances which mainly led to the inquiry which your Committee has been appointed to conduct. On these cases, therefore, your Committee con sider it their duty to report particularly. The warrants referred to are the following :- 1. During the outbreak in the manufacturing and mining districts, which took place in August, 1842,in the week of the greatest anxiety, a clerk was sent down from the London Post-office, with directions, under the authority of a Secre tary of State's warrant, to open the letters of six parties named therein, all taking a prominent part in the disturb= ances of that period. In the same week the same clerk was directed, under authority of two other such warrants, to open the letters of ten other persons named, and a fortnight later to open the letters of one other person, making seventeen in all. Moat of the per sons whose letters were ordered on thin occasion to be opened were indicted, and many both indicted and convicted, before the Special Commission appointed to try the parties concerned in those disturbances. With one exception these warrants were issued between the 18th and the 25th of August, 1842, and they were all cancelled on the 14th of October. About the same time two clerks were sent down to two pro. vincial towns, each with directions, under authority of a Secretary of Stat e ' s warran t, to open and examine the letters addressed to one individual in each town; but in one of these cases there were no letters to open. One clerk employed on this duty returned to his ordinary business after a week's absence, the other after an absence of five weeks. 2. In the autumn of 1843, during the disturbances which took place in South Wales, two clerks were sent down from the Post-office, into the disturbed districts, with directions, under authority of a warrant from the Secretary of State, one to inspect the letters of one person at a particular town, the other to inspect the letters of another person at another town and subsequently, under authority of a different warrant, this second clerk was sent to a third town, there to inspect the letters of a third person. In all three instances the persons whose letters were to be inspected were specifically named in the warrant. One of these warrants was in force eighteen, the other seven days. •It is these facts, probably, that have given rise to the re port pf a commission o r comm i ss i ons h av i ng v i sited the ma nufacturing districts, charged with a general authority to open and inspect letters. 3. The third of these cases is that of a warrant to open and detain the letters addressed to Mr. Mazzini. This warrant was issued on the Ist of March, and cancelled on the 3d of June, in the present year. Throughout that period the intercepted correspondence was transmitted un read from the Home-office to the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. The facts of the case so far as your Com inittee feel themselves at liberty to disclose them, appear to be as follows: — Representations had been made to the British Govern ment, from high sources, that plots, of which Mr. Mazzini was the centre, were carrying on upon British territory to excite an insurrection in Italy, and that such insurrection, should it assume a formidable aspect, would, from peculiar political circumstances, disturb the peace of Europe. The British Government, considering the extent to which Bri tish interests were involved in the maintenance of that peaCe, issued on their own judgment, but not at the sug gestion of any foreign Power, a warrant to open and detain Mr. Mazzini's letters., Such information deduced from those letters as appeared to the British Government calculated to frustrate this attempt was communicated to a foreign Power; but the information so communicated was not of a nature to compromise, and did not compromise, the safety of any individual within the reach of that foreign Power; nor was it made known to that P ower by w h at means, or from what source that information had been obtained. 4. A warrant to open and detain all letters addressed to Mr. Worcell and to Mr. Stolzmann was issued on the 17th of April, 1844, and cancelled on the 20th of June. 5. A warrant to open and detain all letters addressed to Mr. Grodicki, at Paris, and to another foreign gentleman, was issued on the 3d of June, 1844, and cancelled on the 13th of the same month. The last two warrants rested on grounds connected with the personal safety of a foreign Sovereign entrusted to the protection of England. It appears to your Committee that,. under circumstances so pe c uli ar , even a s li g h t susp i c i on of danger would justify a Minister in taking extraordinary mea sures of precaution. The Committee have not learned that there appeared in the letters that were detained anything to criminate the gentlemen whom the Committee have very re luctantly named. The Committee think it may be desirable for them to make known that the above three warrants are the only warrants to open the letters of foreigners which the present Govern ment has issued. The warrants issued during the present century may be divided into two classes : Ist. Those issued in furtherance of criminal justice, and usually for the purpose of obtaining a clue to the hiding-place of some offender ' or to the mode or place of concealment of property criminally abstracted ; and these, for brevity's sake, the Committee will term criminal warrants. _ _ 2d. Those issued for the purpose of discovering the designs of persons known or suspected to be engaged in proceedings dangerous to the State, or (as in Mazzini's case) deeply in volving British interests, and carried on in the United King dom, or in British possessions beyond the seas. With regard to both these classes of warrants, the objects in issuing them has been, in many cases, to ascertain the views, not of the party receiving, but of the party sending, the letter. In issuing these warrants, the mode of proceeding is as follows :- 1. In the case of criminal warrants, they do not originate with the Home-office. The application is made, in the first instance, to that one of the two Under-Secretaries of State who is of the legal profession ; and the usual course is for the applicant to state the circumstances in writing ; but if the case be very urgent, owing to the time being too short, before the departure of the post, to draw out a written statement, that condition is sometimes dispensed with. The general object of this class of warrants has been already stated ; and the principle which governs the issuing of them appears to be, not to make them subservient to private and family cerns, or to the support of a civil right, where an actio only could be maintained, as in many cases of fraud or bank ruptcy ; but to reserve the exercise of the power to those cases exclusively where crime has been committed, and in p artthatcho cor respondence respect to which there is good grou n d to believe respondence is going on with a particular ywhich e s likely to lead to detectian. If th e Under- Secretary accedes to the application, he submits th e case to the Principal Se cretary of State ; with whose apP roN•al a warrant i s d rawn by the head clerk of the domestic department, under the in structions of the Under-Secretary, and i s th en s i gned by the A Principal Secretary of State. record of the date of the warrant is kept under lock and key, in a private book, to -which the two Under-Secretaries and the abov e - men ti one d head clerk have access. To the applicant information is given, according to circumstances, of the post mark or address merely, or of the contents of the letters detained ; or, if the case require it, the original letter is put into his hands. .2. In the cas e o f warrants of the second description, they originate with the Home-office. The Principal Secretary of State, of his own discretion, determines when to issue them, and gives instructions accordingly to the Under-Secretary, whose office is then purely ministerial. The mode of pre paring them, and keeping record of them in a private book, is the game as in the case of criminal warrants. — There is na record kept of the , grounds on which they are issu e d, exce pt so far as correspo n d ence ' preserved at the 'Home- office may lead to infer them. " • Your- Committee will here notice a statement which has teen made, that instances have occurred of sending entire mail bags with letters to the Home -office for examination. Your Committee arc satisfied that no instance of thokind has occurred. None but separate letters or packets are ever sent, out of the ordinary course, from the Post-office to the Home-office, and those never but under a Secretary of State's warrant;, and that , warrant usually directs that a letter or letters, directed to certain persons, or written in a certain handwriting, be detained: and that either a copy of the post-mark, or of the address, or of the contents, or that ex tracts from thee:m:46rib; or the letters themselves be sent to the Principal Secretary of State. I n some cases the warrant directs that some deputy-postmaster shall communicate in formation to the same effect to ti magistrate, or some other person, in the country; and when that is the case, the pre sence of some third person, named in the warrant, is usually required. It may, perhaps, be necessary to state that, in some very few cases, the Secretary of State has been required to autho rise the l'ostmaster-General to return to the writer a letter which has been already posted. Sonic doubt seems to have existed how far this can lawfully be done. In the year 1795, Holland being in the occupation of the French army, one of the principal Secretaries of State, by warrant under his hand and seal, detained the entire mails of the 13th, 16th, and 20th of January, intended for that country ; and an Act of Parliament (35 George 111., cap. 62), was passed to enable the Postmaster-General "to open the letters contained in those mails, and return the same to the parties by whom they were written, signed, or sent." A case nearly similar occurred regarding the Hamburgh mail (see 47 Geo. 111., session 2, c. 53), in 1807. Th e number of war rants issue d this head from 1799 to 1844 is_7, as stated in the abstract. - - - The general conclusion which the Committee draw from the returns before abstracted is, that in equal intervals of time these warrants have been issued in nearly equal num ber, by the several Administrations which have been in power from the commencement of 1799 until now.. For altho ug h in certain years, in consequ ence of internal commotion, it happened that the number of warrants issued by cer tain Secretaries of State was unusually great, .yet in other years, if they continued sufficiently long' in office, the number of warrants they issued for similar purposes proved to be unusually small ; so that the annual average of all the warrants they issued, during the whole period of their con tinuance in office, did not rise materially above the general annual mean. The general average of the warrants issued during the present century does not much exceed eight a year. This number would comprehend, on an average, the letters of about sixteen persons annually; but how many letters to and from each person coming within the scope of these war rants have on an average been opened we have no means of estimating, since no record of the number of letters de tained and opened under warrant has been kept by the Post-o ffi ce, but there is no reason to believe that number to be great; and the Committee have ascertained that, in the case of many warrants, no letters whatever have been opened. Those which do not appear to relate to the object for which the warrant is issued do not undergo particula r; examination. Of the average number of days for which, a warrant is in force, the Committee cannot form any J es s estimate. It was only as regards the warrants issued from 1822 to 1844 that any return was made to your Committee, showing how long they continued in operation, - and in the early part of this period, there appears to have been some inattention in seeing to their timely revocation ; it is pro bable that many a warrant had become inoperative long be fore the period when it was cancelled. In that respect th ere is a marked improvement in the practice of the present Home Secretary, as compared with that of his predecessors ; since the average duration of the warrants issued since September, 1841, does not exceed forty day s ; an d i n many cases it is as low as three or four days. From the abstract that has been given of the warrants issued in the present century, it appears that about two thirds of them were criminal warrants; for by far the greater portion of those marked " uncertain" appears to be long to this class. So far as the criminal warrants go, no suspicion arises that unfairness or impartiality has directed their issue. With re gard to the other class of warrants, though there have been some few issued by different Administrations that have been in power during the last 22 years, in regard to which it is obvious that on a subsequent review of the facts a difference of opinion might arise as to the discretion exercised in each particular case, yet your Committee see no reason to doubt that the conduct of the Secretaries of State belonging to each of those Administrations 'has been guided by no other motive than an anxious desire to preserve the public peace, with the maintenance of which they were charged. It does not appear to your Committee necessary to follow the warrant from the time of its reception at the Post -office, to that of its execution. The letters which - have been de tained and opened are, unless retained by special order, as sometimes happens in criminal cases, closed and resealed, without affixing any mark to indicate that they have been so detained and opened ; and are forwarded by post according to their respective superscriptions. There are other cases, under the 33d and 36th chapters of the Ist of Victoria, besides the case we have been consider ing, in which post-letters may lawfully be detained or de layed, or opened, by an officer of the Post-office. These ex cepted cases are the following :—When the person consents, to whom the letter is directed —when the letter is returned for w j ant of due direction —when the person to whom it is directed is dead, or cannot be found, or shall have refused it, or shall have refused or neglected to pay the postage thereof. If any letter not included in the above exceptional cases be opened, delayed, detained, or abstracted at the Post-office, through the malpractices of any officers of that department, such offenders are liable to severe punishment under the latter of these Acts. With regard to all other inland .letters, your Committee are assured by the Pdstmaster-Veiferal, by the Secretary of the Post-office, and by the President of the Inland Depart• ment at the Geperal Post-office, that the secresy of corns --Spesinience Is inviolate; and this assurance they have seen no reason to doubt. Your Committee will here notice a statement which has been made, that letter-bags from Dublin, Brighton, and other places, have cf late, before being opened, been taken out of the usual course, into an inner room of the inland• office at the General Post-office, for the purpose of being therslexamined. The allegation of fact is correct, so far as counting the letters, and observing their external appearance, goes. This is fre quently done in order to ascertain the condition of the bags on their arrival, before their contents are delivered over to be sorted, it having been found a necessary check upon the commission of irregularities by the subordinate functionaries of the Post-office; but this examination has no connection whatever with the opening of letters under warrant, and it is not the method practised when letters are detained and opened by authority of the Secretary of State. On the subject of the foreign department at the General Post-office, the secresy of foreign correspondence your Com mittee are assured is kept inviolate. Certain warrants bear ing respectively the signatures of the Right Honourable Charles James Fox, when Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, in 1752, and of his successor, the Marquis of Carmarthen, were laid before your Committee, which, being of a very comprehensive nature, have, in conjunc tion with other information, induced your Committee to believe that diplomatic correspondence, when posted in ordi nary course, incurred in this country and in the other great States of Europe, nearly equal risk of inspection. How long similar warrants continued, and when they were finally re called, your Committee have no information, nor do they think it their duty to report as to any practice which may have existed in reference to this part of the subject. Of this they are satisfied, that no such warrants .or practices now exist; and that public as well as private correspondence, foreign as well as domestic, passing through the office in regular course, now enjoys complete security, subject only to the contingency of a Secretary of State's warrant, directed for special reasons against a particular letter or letters. In making the above statements, however, it is right to observe that there exists another channel of communication with foreign countries, by means of the King's messengers and foreign-office bags. Thi s i s not under the control of the Postmaster-General, but of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. It is conducted by officers appointed and paid by the latter, from whom alone they receive their orders, and to whom alone they are responsible. Some years ago no inconsiderable number of private letters, passing between this and foreign countries, was sent and received by these bags ; but this abuse (for such it was, as payment of postage was thus evaded) has been almost entirely discontinued ; and your Committee believe that at present the bags contain little more than the official correspondence of our own diplomatic agents, and of the Ministers of such foreign States as may choose to avail themselves of that mode of transmitting their dispatches. The authority of your Committee extends no farther than to inquire how correspondence is dealt with, while remaining in the custody of the Post-office. It remains for your Committee, after treating of the cor respondence in Great Britain, to make a brief statement as to the law and practice regarding the same matters in Ire land. The statute of Anne extended to that country, and whatever legal force the warrants of the principal Secretaris of State, directing the opening of letters, had in Great Bri tain, those warrants had the same force in Ireland. But previously to the passing, in 1783, of the Irish statute, th e 23d and 24th of Geo. 111., c. 17, intituled "An Act for Esta blishing a Post-office in this Kingdom," the principal Secre taries were in the habit of delegating to the Lord-Lieutenant authority for this purpose. Nor was this all ; for by a war rant, dated October 31st, 1740, Secretary the Duke of New castle directs Sir Marmaduke Wyvill, the Postmaster -Gene ral for Ireland, to open and detain all such letters as the Duke of Devonshire, then Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, or any other . person appointed by him, should authorise and direct : copies to be sent to the Duke. The necessity for having recourse to a twice-delegated authority was removed by the statute above referred to, which gave the same indemnity to persons in Ireland opening letters by authority of the Lord - Lieutenant; that the statute of Anne gave to persons in Great Britain and Ire land, opening letters by authority o f a pr i nepal Secretary of State. Your Committee here submit an abstract of the warrants issued by the Lord-Lieutenant, or other Chief Governor or Governors of Ireland, to the Postmaster -General for Ireland, for every year from 1832 to the present time, being a period of 124 years. They have added another abstract, arranging the warrants under different heads, according to the grounds whereon they were issued , - Number of Persona Number of comprehended in Warrants. the said Warrants. 1 ... 1 0 0 3 ••• 3 1 ... 1 2 ... 4 4 ... 3 1 ... 1 9 2 ... 11 3 ... 9 3 ... 3 2 ... 3 0 0 Year, 18 833 32 ............................. 1 ........ ....................... 1834... 1835. • . 1 836... • 1837 1838 1839:........ 1840 ..• ..•• 1841 ....... 1842 1843 1844 Total Crimes, murder, robbery, &c l4 Itibbonism ••• ... 12 Sedition, &c. Bankruptcy .. Forging a Post-office stamp Letter returned to the writer Total .... ; 1 The Lords-Lieutenant and others who have signed the.. warrants are arranged in the following list, according date :- 1832 ... Marquis of Anglesey. 1834 ... E. J. Littleton (secretary). ... Marquis of Wellesley. 18:35 ... Earl of Musgrave. 1836 ... Ditto. - ... T. Drummond (secretary). 1837 ... Ditto. - Lord Plunkett (one of the Lords Justices). ... Archbishop of Dublin (ditto). 1838 ... Lord Morpeth (secretary). 1539 Marquis of Nonnanby. • Lord Viveount Ebrilagton. grity. , thiP n id allege's ,t the jai l they hs" babl I, and Lb° Ls brough t charge!. ;upport ;h of Aid' itended te, iplaivallly he two. 1 piece o f Lrcd to be ceremol he part Doctor She sal' Catholic she d e' ra treat"' , ity. She Lssistance di ng herr youthful to should necessu• married th him at ar notice Acing 0 1 ° hip, thitt he LOA would do parted ? n parted laUgh•) Ssistan Ce ay I iVO r ill Sala l o yOO ho r her .or Mar• r, and 3 husband e her of oft' 30 t —You, r Laporte,. way sh e nto he r at least. ship, 1 . 0 as quit° derness, man' ed. li e was the in ma" iid th gOOd 0, Lre both tifficieri t ven teen I afrec- howing 11 be °it • or eritf. ig 31155 to the )rt 'ea l o use to Howl mul. ill no' r i e tor lerig: a fur x the - , r oPto on' eOll r St• 1 • Of i ' r of o f 121 ti In consequence of the DESTRUCTIVE EXPLOSION off BRIGH TON, the Directors of the ROYAL POLXTECHIC INSTITUTION yield 16 the generally expreised wish that Dr. RYAN should adapt one of his Lectures to the subject of EXPLOSIVE COMPOUNDS. ThiS Lecture,lillustrated by interesting Experiments, so far as can be shown with perfect safety, will be delivered daily at half-past Three o'clock; exeerrt on Mondays and Saturdays, anri in the Evenings of Monday, Wednesday, and Friday - s,at a Quarter to Nine o'clock.. On 3londays and Saturdays, et Four o'clock, Dr. POTT'S PNEUMA TIC MODE - of forniing SUBMARINE FOUNDATIONS in DEEP WATER, with various interesting Experiments. Professor BACH HO,FFNER'S Lectures, and ad the other subjects . of interest in the Institution. . Admission, Is.; 'Schools, Half-price. eIREAT•WESTERN . RAILWAY. .... Notice is given, that the next HALF-YEARLY GENERAL ..MEtTINQ of the PROPRIETORS of this COMPANY Will be held, pur4uant to the Act of Parliament, in Bristol; at the Bristol Station, on THURSDAY, the 15th'August next, .at TWelve o'clock, for the -ge neral purposes of business. The Chair will be taken at One o'clock precisely.' C. 'RUSSELL -Chlirman , C. A SAUNDERS, Secretary. London Terminus, Paddington, July 12, 1544. rpo 'BE PEREMPTORILY SOLD, pursuant to a DECREE of the HIGH COURT of CHANCERY, Made in a cause BATTEN v. PARpITT, with the approbation of Sir GIFFIN WILSON, one 'of the Masters of the said Court, at the Commercial Rooms, In' Corn-street Bristol, on WENDESDAY, the 28th• day of August, 1844, at Three o'clock in the afternoon, in Lots, Two DIVELLING-HOUSES, with warehouses, stables, and count ing-houses, in Houltor-street, Bristol, in the occupation of Messrs. Panter and Co., and used as a .vinegar manufactory ; a Dwelling house, No. 4, Portland-square, Bristol, occupied •by Mt. Rocke ; a DWelling-house in St. James's-street,- Bristol, occupied by Mr. Howell ; a Dwelling-house 'in' St: Jambs's-court, 'oectipied by Mi. Day ; and a DWelling,hobse un'Lawrencehill, Bristol, occupied, by • Mr. Fresher. 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