The Sun. — London, England, 1844-07-18 00:00:00

NE ~tolt The 01 122 „, f. ceived the iant. Il i; I 6th nit" create • bP neon is Amo'7 3 - ber , iothet eo t tbs, rept ille. .jds the to tu de b i I be 111/11 believe , 4 1 Tious ake un , P ris° , fie ;; : it meets .me} de la 1) ::}01 ?TestiDb - et itw that r, e P.,04, ly this 633) A lye• d in °e ;: 1000 ref') 0 ;dueed s ofr,' MlOO -1° teo' iving iudingr'? the ale 111113:' Tit COnliq y the CO that le nt P° I to D 0 ,1 .ado P""i'o — a — ra3 - 0 p fr (111' epp y Il e, )erson nst the + B 4 , nd 13 th.jfi 1. --- by the 11 i 'after ,h E. at 1 1:i plien 10e4.. ined s' .el 10 .5c1" ;;" . a tr e to ed. 0 . Le Per'ft , d for t of 4 4 , 1 ,0 0 ' Fete., ;deo, I ' ;' l , ape' , cVI ° u er 5, art e'lled,'4 wati ! aril)! c ';our I the lent iv POI' )rietors,.di ffas, °" die„t • to IP t;fr ige f Le proP., : k letr opoz ta the F t ;( ;et, ccit 'd, ond 10 ode t # her , 0 0- cer L ed' • her v xce ileo: D v, al as s , t o p10.,„ e t 3 f[l l # l ,l •hiCP "°u 11 3 ' . ,ISIA rC „ , 10 Cas b kio 0, 0. Co . , 9°l° eterlloo, „ t ;' oe,[eft to rse ts l3 9 on CO lion Brig' f 1 "11 qu 15 d Lae ov, Sir i g s: and,t ' s eli . ' s of t ' " - olt A 4 f p ue s u led 6` 0 1° Lie, re-' f t' ~0 1 0 ' 5e rd-r -13P I° d , ef j IP Wi'r Y: tc S II A Ci .4 F e e - t' e tuti"i I,fno 0, der A th fe4, e pa.r o y itit: ipg .00 Jo' si oP: (co" r . co of:, it'`f SO" `, : -% Ipo l 9`, , i ,er t et or' 7, A to plc° IRELAND. DEPARTUR E OF LORD DE GREY. DUBLIN, JULY 16.—Lord De Grey took his departure from Ireland this morning. His Excellency was accompanied from the Castle to the railway terminus at Westland-row by the members of the Vice-Regal Household, and a few of the officials, including the Master of the Rolls, Mr. Brewster the Castle advis,r, and the Commissioners of the Metropolitan . Police. On all former occasions of the kind the Irish gentry considered it incumbent on them to attend the representative of the Sovereign during his progress through the streets of the metropolis; but on this occasion his Excellency snugly esconsed himself in a close carriage, and in doing so exercised a wise discretion, if one may be permitted to judge from the groans, " both loud and deep," with which he was assailed along the whole line of march to Westland-row, which his Excellency reached at a quarter-past eleven, and where a special train was in readiness to receive him. At half-past eleven the train reached Kingston, and his Excellency, after receiving the salutes of the Guard of Honour, consisting of a company of the sth Fusiliers and a company of Royal Ma rines, immediately embarked for Liverpool. An attempt was made to get up a cheer as the vessel left the pier, but there never was a more signal failure, until some of the knowing ones in the Vice-Regal train called for " three cheers for Dan," and then indeed Lord De Grey was made acquainted with the strength of Irish lungs; his Excellency thinking of course that the honour was intended for himself, appeared extremely gratified, and repeatedly bowed his acknowledg ments' and thus terminated the reign of De Grey i n I re l an d. PRESBYTERIAN VISIT TO D. O'CONNELL ESQ., ALP., AND THE OTHER STATE PRISONi:RS. The Rev. William Hugh Doherty, Presbyterian Minister of Comber, in the county of Dowi, and Moderator of the Remonstrant Synod of Ulster, paid a visit to Mr. O'Connell, at the Richmond Penitentiary ye,terday, for the purpose of expressing his thanks to that Hon. and Learned Gentleman, and through him to all the Roman Catholics of Ireland, both in and out of Parliament, for the generous and powerful sup port which they hau given to his Synod in the matter of the Dissenters' Chapels Bill. The Rev. Moderator also expressed his hopes of a speedy and favourable decision by the house of Lords on the writ of error, and the consequent termina tion of Mr. O'Connell's unjust imprisonment •, and stated for himself and all the Liberal Presbyterians of Ulster, that although they may differ from their fellow-countrymen, the Roman Catholics of Ireland, on the question of Repeal, they are (as far as he knows) perfectly unanimous in believing what Lord John Russell affirmed in the British Parliament, that " Mr. O'Connell has not had a fair trial." Mr. O'Connell, in reply, thanked Mr. Doherty for his good wishes, and said that he had acted on principle with regard to the Dissenters' Chapels Bill, wishing to praect innocent men from robbery —he could not qualify the term in the least, from robbery ! and declared that Mr. Doherty, and the gentlemen with whom he acted, would always find him the firm, constant, and zealous friend of civil and religious liberty. SUPPOSED SUICIDE.-SINGULAR CASE. Yesterday Mr. G. J. Mills, Deputy Coroner for the county of Middlesex, held an inquest at the Hammersmith work house of the Kensington union, in King-street, Hammer smith, on view of the body of a man unknown. It appeared from the evioence that about ten o'clock in the forenoon of Monday last, some bargemen, while , navigating the Grand Junction Canal, discovered the body of the deceased in the water at that portion of the canal abutting on Wormwood Scrubs. The body was immediately got on shore, and con veyed to the Mitre beer-shop, close by, from whence it was removed to the above workhouse. On an examination being made of the body, bricks were found in the deceased's pockets, weighing 7lbs., and there was a mark of a cut across his throat, but which might probably have been made by the bottom of a boat passing over it. In one of the deceased's pockets was found a memorandum-book, in which was writ ten, in a clear and neat hand, the following, which clearly shows that the deceased was labouring under delusions of a religious character : "No murderer bath eternal life abiding in him. God suf fers none but those predestinated to damnation to commit self-destruction No human worm has a right to take away human life—it is the prerogative of God only. Not even in murder, for God oftentimes makes use of murderers as his agents, his police who watches everything that passes, or is • transacted, not only in England, but in the fixed stars, those beautiful orders c f sisters. Not an atom can move without the observance of his old police, those gentlemen without clothing (I ask pardon, they have sometimes feathers) who report the secrets of the heart to the head commissioners or to the heads of the government. " What is life? A poor stage player, who frets and struts upon the stage and then is seen no more. " BILLY, the Immortal. "Try half the world, you would hang them with the other half. " What I have done, I have done to show you that I am more than mortal, but do you suppose you can destroy me ? No ; my flesh may be cut to atoms with a million knives, but I am a fallen archangel yet! and shall have employment to punish the great only who offend God. " There are agencies at work at the present time to de stroy the holy religion of this country, founded on a pure and edifiable translation of the Holy Scriptures, or pure Word of God, a testimony which adheres to disbelievers, and which Deists laugh at, but which is a word of adamant." There was something also written in allusion to the late visit of the Emperor of Russia to this country, but the writing (pencil) was so illegible that it could not be deciphered. Deceased appeared to be between 40 and 50 years of age, and was dressed in a gambroon jacket, and black waistcoat and trousers, low shoes, and white stockings, and a black silk hat. Nothing whatever was found on him tending to lead to his identy. The jury, in the absence of any evidence as to how the deceased came into the water, or as to the state of his mind, returned a verdict of " Found drowned." THE STATE APARTMENTS AT WINDSOR CASTLE.— It was at one time expected that the state apartments would be clo se d t o th e -p u bl ic d ur i ng h er Majesty's temporary re tirement at the Castle. The Lord Chamberlain has arrived at Windsor upon a visit to the Queen, and it is now under stood that the whole of the state rooms will remain open during the stay of the Court, as heretofore, from eleven in the morning till six o'clock in, the afternoon. On Tuesdays and Fridays the public will not be admitted, nor on Sundays until half-past one o'clock p.m. ELOPEMENT TO GRETNA-GREEN.—On Thursday last, Lieutenant Leeson, nephew to Lord Milltown, and youngest son of the late Hon. Mr. Leeson, of the Thorn, near Penrith, Cumberland, who is on leave of absence from his regiment, which is in the East Indies, eloped to Gretna - green, with Miss Laura Bristow, a daughter of John Charles Bristow, Esq., of Ensemere-hill, Ullswater, Westmoreland, and over whose head sixteen summers have scarcely flown. It appears that this young and gallant officer had laid his plans for the accomplishment of the siege of Ensemere-hill with great skill. Wednesday last was the day in which he intended to have stormed the works, but the garrison having, doubtless, been apprised of his intentions, manned the walls so well all that day and night, that the besieger thought it right not to commence operations at that time. Next morn -I.og, however, the besieged, thinking all safe, made a sortie, ;', n4 set sail up the lake of Ullswater to Patterdale, taking L at e Young lady with them. The besieger was not aware of this, arid the besieged had nearly made a safe retreat into the garrison again; but one of the gallant officer's sharp shooters lay concealed among the brushwood, who seized the fair prize, and away she was taken to her betrothed, who Was waiting at a short distance with a coach and four, and off the young officer went with his booty. Pursuit was in vain ; the fugitives soon passed over the six-and-twenty miles to Gretna-green ' were married, and, it is said, they co n t em pl a t e a speedy embarkation for India; but it is expected that a re conciliation with her family will first take place, for that Which is passed cannot be recalled. THE FATAL BOAT ACCIDENT AT DOVER.—Yes terday, about eleven o'clock, the body of Mr. Henry Raw lings, woollendraper, of Basingliall- street, London, who was drowned on Monday, was picked up in the b a y. The body of Sophia Bennett, one of the young ladies who perished at the same time, was found on Tuesday. An inquest was opened before the borough Coroner at one o'clock yesterday on both bodies, and the evidence went to show that the boat had been upset during a brisk gale while the boatmen were about to jib her. There did not appear to have been carelessness on the part of any one ; but the boat was not a good one, and she carried too much sail for her size. The inquest was adjourned fur further evidence. NEW EAST-END STREET. The houses at the Whitechapel terminus of the new street which is to connect Spitalfields with the docks being nearly demolished, there is now a clear opening from Whitechapel to Spitalfields Church. Several of the most obnoxious streets and courts in this locality have been removed to make way for this improvement, amongst the former being those notorious places, Essex and Rose-streets, a public-house in the first being the well-known resort of Turpin and his brother highwaymen. The new street having been formed, pre parations are being made to commence the erection of a Superior line of shops. The whole of the houses on the left hand side of Red Lion-streetehave been taken down, and those required in Leman-street, ap to the arches of the Blackwall Railway, are closed, prior to immediate demo lition. As. the struts leading from the terminus at Spital fields Church are very narrow, and unfit for an increased traffic, it is supposed that the street will be extended dia gonally to Shoreditch, to the terminus of the Eastern Counties Railway, in which case some improvement must take place in Spitalfields-market, decidedly the most incom modious of any public place of business in the metropolis. FREE TRADE.—We believe it is but little known that an Act of Parliament was passed on the 4th July, inst., which repeals all former enactments relative to forestall, re grating, and engrossing in fairs, marts, and markets, and the preamble of this new Act clearly recognises the just princi ples of free-trade. The preamble runs thus: " Whereas, di vers statutes have been from time to time made in Parlia ments of England, Scotland, Great Britain, and Ireland res pectively, prohibiting certain dealings in wares, victuals, merchandise, and various commodities by the names of bad gering, forestalling, regrating, and engrossing, and subjecting to divers punishments, penalties, and forfeitures, persons so dealing; and whereas it is expedient that such statutes as well as certain other statutes, made in hindrance and re straint of trade, be repealed." The Act repeals, as we have above observed, the old laws applying to forestalling, &c. Who can argue against a repeal of the corn-laws after this clear recognition of the principles of free-trade ? EDITORIAL THANKSGIVING.—There are, at present, no less than forty-seven editors of newspapers imprisoned in France. It is lucky for the English press that Mr. Roebuck does not possess the same power as Louis Philippe, or else l c i - ewgate would contain three times the above number; that is to say, every editor in the kingdom who would not praise AN ANTI-MALTIIUSIAN.—One of the inmates of the Metropolitan Benefit Society's Asylum at Ball's-pond, Ralston, has given birth to no fewer than 32 children. On 0 0e occasion she was confined with four, on two with three children at a birth, besides at other times having given birth to twins. • DEPRAVITY.—On Friday night the inhabitants of the rue l Aumaire were thrown into commotion by the follow ing circu ms t ance . A s h oema k er , name d Ch evreu il, age d 22, lived with a woman named Bronne, of about the same age, a very riotous manner, both being given up to drink. They were at last reduced to great want, and on the night In question, a strong odour of charcoal being perceived to come from their room; the commissary of police was in formed of the fact. lie had the door forced and found a Ymrt of ch arcoa l b urn i ng i n t h e room, an d t h e g i r l B ronne g on a truckle-bed in a corner, with a mask of cloth affixed closely to her face with shoemaker's wax. She was q ui te dead when the room was entered. Chevreuil being suspected of having murdered the girl, orders were given to have him sought out and arrested. When the Commissary returned to his office, he was surprised to find Chevreuil waiting for him there. He stated that he and his mistress had agreed to die together, and that they drank to excess to Prepare themsel ves f ur t h e act. I t was he who placed the ask on th e g i rl ' s face. He then attempted to end his own life, but his courage having failed, h e h a d come t o pl ace him %f at th e disposa of the Commissary. Chevreuil was imme telyoent to the prefectilre.—G a li gt - tani's Messenger. PA .; OOD OPENING POR SIR JAMES.—At the Cus on-house things are passe d w i t h out b e i ng opened; at the P- office things are opened which should be held sacred. L.et the officers of the two establishments change places, g th 7ijg . Sir Ja mes G raham the control of the Customs, and the business in each will be properly conducted.—Punch THE ELECTRO-MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH. Most of our readers have heard of the electro telegraph on the Great Western Railway, between Paddington and Slough, a distance of eighteen miles, by which any communication can be made from one point to the other, or to any inter mediate station, in an almost inappreciably short space of time. Professor Wheatstone and Mr. Cooke, to whose in genuity we are indebted for this interesting and important application of electro-magnetism, have recently made an entirely new arrangement of their telegraph, by which it has been greatly simplified, and possesses great advantages over the former one. It is now very portable, and any person, after a few minutes' observation - , Can send and recei;r . ea mes sage through its medium. It requires merely a single pair of wires, and from forty to fifty letters, or signs, can be sent by it in the course of a second. The telegraph, with its ac companying alarum, is included in a case not larger than that of a small table clock. The telegraphic communication is carried on by means of conducting wires extending the whole length of the line. The wires are suspended in the air from wooden standards, on the average of about nine feet from the ground, and placed in such a way, both as regards the supporting posts and the earth, as to ensure such a degree of insulation as to avoid the risk of the electric cur rent finding a shorter course through some imperfectly in sulated point. With respect to the telegraph itself, the upper portion of the apparatus is appropriated to the alarum, and the part im mediately below is the indicator, which gives the letters of the alphabet, the numerals, and several conventional signs. In addition to this, an apparatus is annexed to it for printing the communications received through the telegraph, on a similar principle to that used in printing the results of the calculations given by Babbage's machine, but in this case the motive power is magneto-electric. The principle on which the electric telegraph was recently constructed is founded on Oersted's celebrated discovery of inserting the magnetic needle through a magnectic current with an artificial polarity. By the new arrangement of Pro fessor Wheatstone's telegraph, the power is derived from Pro fessor Faraday's application of magneto-electricity, the results of which discovery are likely to produce such important con sequences to science. The mode in which the signals are given is by means of magnetic pointers, each suspended vertically on an axis mov ing on the face of the dial, and behind the face of the dial another magnet is placed, being fixed on the same axis as the pointer, so that both move together. The motion of the magnet is regulated by fixed stops. The general effect of this arrangement is to transmit the electric fluid along the conducting wire, and through the rolls of wire surrounding the magnets, so that on moving the handle to the right or the left, to any one of the stops, the exterior pointers at the distant stations indicate a corresponding and instantaneous signal upon the dial at the extreme station. By merely moving the handle a signal can be instantaneously trans mitted to the telegraph house at the extremity of the line of electric communication, and the latter can asreadily transmit back signals in reply, correctness being insured by the si multaneous appearance of the signal on the instrument of the operator and of the recipient. The object of the alarum or bell above the apparatus, is to call the attention of the person attending the telegraph at the opposite station, and this operation is also effected through the medium of the elec tric fluid. Hitherto this most useful invention has been chiefly made applicable to railway traffic, and for the important purpose of working single lines of railway it is invaluable. Indeed, without its application in such a case, it would be inexpe dient to allow the formation of sach lines ; but from the facility which this apparatus affords of communicating from one station to the other on a line of railway, the greatest security is afforded against the occurrence of any accident through the collisions of trains, or from any stoppage on the line. Again, on such a line as the London and Blackwall Railway, the application of the principle has proved most advantageous. It is well known that this railway is worked by two stationary engines, each of which pulls a rope, by which the train is drawn along the line. By means of a telegraph of this nature the most rapid intercommunication is ,kept up between one station and another, and the most minute knowledge is obtained at the London end of what is going on at Blackwall, or any of the intermediate stations, and rice versa. We understand that the electric telegraph on the Great Western Railway has for the last few weeks been in great activity, and that in some days upwards of a hundred mes sages have been transmitted. Most of these have reference to the traffic on the line, which of course would be materially aided on those days when many heavy and extra trains were requisite, by means of the telegraph. We give a few speci mens of the nature of the messages sent to and from the Paddington station. Slough, 6 18 p.m.—Send Mr. H— another train of empty carriages immediately; we are in urgent want of them. Paddington, 6 20 p.m.—Mr. C— cannot send any more, as there are no spare engines—not one. Paddington, 7 10 p.m.—Has the up-train left Slough ? Slough, 7 12 p.m.—Yes, but it was delayed some time. Slough, 7 30.—The extra train has started, very heavy, about twenty-three carriages. Paddington, 7 41 p.m.—Tell Mr. H.-- the Pluto engine bas just come in. Shall she return with empties? If so, with what? Slough, 7 43 p.m.—Yes, with four first class, and five second class carriages. Paddington,l 50 p.m.—Mr. C-- wishes to know at what .... time Prince Albert Will leave Slough. Slough, 1 M.—About twenty minutes past two : send im mediately to the royal mews to order carriages to be in at tendance. Slough, 2 18.—Prince Albert has started for Paddington. Paddington, 2 49.—The Prince has arrived. * * * * * Slough, 3 s.—Mr. H— wishes to know if the royal party has arrived. Paddington, 3 B.—Not yet arrived. Paddington, 3 12.—The royal party has just arrived. Paddington, 3 16.—The royal party has just started. Slough, 3 44.—The royal party has arrived. Slough, 3 51.—Tell Mr. C— that the returning royal train will precede the regular up-train. Paddington, 4 20.—Tell Mr. H— that the four o'clock down-train was ten minutes late in starting. The royal car riages were late and had to be put on ; it contained seven car riages and two horse boxes. April 13, Slough.—lt is her Majesty's command to receive notice by telegraph on the arrival of Prince Albert at Pad dington. A messenger from the Castle will be in attendance here to convey the news to the Castle. Paddington, 5 44.—Te1l the messenger that Prince Albert has arrived at Paddington. Paddington. 5 46.—The royal train has started. Slough, 6 15.—The royal train has a rr iv e d. • • • Paddington.—ls everything ready for the reception of the Emperor of Russia at Slough? Slough.—Yes, everything is * ready. • • • The latter message was sent at the request and in the pre sence of the Emperor. We might quote from the check book at the telegraphic-office at Slough, several hundred curious communications made by this apparatus, the answers to which were received in an almost incredibly short space of time. We have hitherto only alluded to the importance of this extremely beautiful instrument as regards private commu• nication, even for this short distance; but it is hardly pos sible to conceive the great public advantages that would re suit from the laying down lines of telegraphic communi cation along all the great lines of railway. The present public telegraphs, both in this and other countries, are liable to constant uncertainty and interruption in their communi cation, either from inclemency of the weather, or the night. Every one who has been in the habit of reading the public papers must repeatedly have observed that the telegraphic communication between Marseilles and Paris is broken off in the middle of a message through the setting in of the night ; and interruption of this kind could never arise with the magneto-electric telegraph. In addition to this, the ex pense of a telegraph of the latter nature would be consider ably less than the charge of the present establishments of this nature. Another advantage of the electric telegraph is the great celerity with which messages can be conveyed in comparison with the present cumbrous telegraphic establish ment. Hence then the advantages in favour of Mr. Wheat stone's most useful and beautiful apparatus are certainty, ce lerity, and economy. We shall conclude this notice with giving the following extract on this subject from the 4th report of the Committee of the House of Commons on railways, presented July 2d, 1840: " Mr. Saunders, the Secretary of the Great Western Rail way, states the expense of constructing the electrical tele graph on the line of that railway to have been from 2501. to 300/. a mile. This description of telegraph, however, when once constructed, is worked at a very trifling ex pense ; whereas the telegraph now in use between London and Portsmouth, independent of the original outlay, costs about 3,300/. a year; and the lines of telegraphic communi cation to Plymouth, to Yarmouth, and to Deal, were aban doned in the year 1816, on account of the expenditure required for their maintenance. " When a telegraph shall have been laid down between London and the other ports and mercantile cities of the island, it will give to its proprietors great advantages in ob taining and transmitting information, which must be at tended with most important results. For the purposes of the railway itself this telegraph may also be frequently used, to prevent the risk of accidents, and to obviate delay and in convenience. "Tour Committee are of opinion that circumstances may arise in which it may be very inconvenient to leave in the hands of a private company, or possibly of an individual, the exclusive means of intelligence which this telegraph will afford, and it cannot fail to be of paramount import ance that the Government should be furnished with similar means of procuring and transmitting intelligence, and they believe that no railway company will object, on fair terms, to give every facility to the Government for establishing a line of electrical communication over the whole length of their railway." FIRE IN GREAT PORTLAND-STREET.—Yesterday morning, shortly after two o'clock, a fire broke out in a spacious range of premises, the property of his Grace the Duke of Portland, but tenanted by Mr. Gotobed, corn merchant and hay salesman, and Mr. Gould, an upholsterer, in Riding-house-lane, Great Portland-street. The fire ori ginated, from some unknown cause, in that part of the building occupied by the former individual. The escape belonging to the Royal Society for the Protection of Life from Fire was quickly at the scene, but fortunately it was not required. Six engines of the London establishment, with those of the parish and West of England Company, arrived in rapid succession, and there being a good supply of water flowing from the mains of the West Middlesex Com pany, five of the engines were called into operation, but so strong a hold had the fire obtained, that it continued, in spite of the firemen, to spread, and the engines were worked incessantly until past six o'clock, when the confla gration vielded at last to the labours of the brigade and the great body of waver thrown upon it. The damage done is as follows :—Considerable injury to building and stock in basement and ground floors, a large quantity of the stock in trade destroyed; Mr. James Gould, upholsterer, first floor, stock in trade, and furniture damaged by fire and water, window-frames burned out; No. 9, Little Titchfield-street, Thomas Leav, tailor, building and stock damaged by water, &c. Both Mr. Gotobed and Mr. Gould were insured in the Sun Fire-office, and his Grace the Duke of Portland was in sured in the Imperial. Mr. Leay, however, was not• insured Monday was St. Swithin's day, and the weather throughout was beautifully fine and bright. In ordinary sea sons the observers of signs and tokens would from this pre dicate a favourable harvest ; but the season has been so dry, that we question whether rain must not have been welcome even on St. Swithin's day, with the prospect of a long conti nuance of wet.—Brighton Guardian. LAt Manchester, Li verpool, and Newcastle, St. Swithin was ushed in with rain and thunder.] INCOME-TAX INFLICTION.—It is a positive truth that surveyors of taxes and other officers have not yet been recompensed for their heavy labours for the first year under the Income-tax Act, which expired April 5, 1843. Pretty good interest was raised out of the money stopped frost parties whose annual income is under 1501., and something will be gained to the Government, in a like manner, out of money belonging to officials we here allude to. Sir Robert is a "friend" to others as well as farmers COMPARISON of the CIVIL LISTS OF CHARLES X. AND LOUIS PHILIPPE. (From the Presse.) Francs. Civil List of Charles X 23,200,000 Civil List of Louis Philippe Excess to Charles X. The domains of the Crown, although produc ing a gross amount of 6,750,000 E, only netted The private domain only produced nett Reducing the nett total of the revenue of the _ _ _ Civil List to 19,600,000 In consequence of successive loans, the 'pri vate domain is burdened to the sum of The sums due by the Civil List on Dec. 31, 1843, exceed The expenses of the Duke de Nemours, Prince de Joinville, the Duke d'Aumale, and the Duke de Montpensier, including their travelling 'expenses, amounted, in 1843, to more than 2,100,000 (A sum far beyond the nett revenue of the life rents which the King is reproached with having deprived his sons of.) The general expenses of the buildings of. the Crown from 1831 to 1843 amounted to 40,000,000 The expenses of the Royal Manufactories of the Gobelin (including the Savonnerie), which under the Empire was 25,000 f., and under the Restoration 290,0001., amounted in 1843 to The expenses of the Ro) al Manufactory at Beauvais, which under the Empire was 65,0001., and under the Restoration 85,0001., in 1843 exceeded lOO,OOO The Royal Manufactory at Savres, which un der the Empire cost 280,0001., and under the Restoration 320,0001., exceeded in 1843 400,000 The average expense of the Musees under the Empire was 300,000 f., and under the Restoration 500,000 f. ; the average from 1833 to 1843 was 1,100,000 The orders given for pictures and the pur chases made from 1820 to 1829 only amounted to 2,100,0001., whereas from 1833 to 1843 the amount exceeded 5,700,000 The orders for painting and sculpture in course of execution amount to The purchases made by the King to com plete the ancient collections of the Louvre exceed 330,000 The purchases made by the King from the Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture have exceeded 600,000 The restoration of the Painting and Sculp ture, and the keeping up the monuments of art in the royal palaces amounted in ten years to 1,100,000 The estimated value of the furniture, tapes try, &c. (mobiliers), of the Crown on 2d March, 1832, was 9,176,111 f. ; in January, 1844, it was estimated at 16,400,000 f. ; difference 7,200,000 The orders given to the manufactories of Lyons, Amiens, Abbeville, and Tours, from 1833 to 1843, exceed 1,075,000 The expenses for keeping up the mobiliers, from 1833 to 1843, exceed The expenses of the wages, salaries, &c., for the household of the King and Queen, not including the establishment of the Princes and Princesses, nor the different expenses of the administration of the private domain exceed per annum The Count de Montalivet, then Minister of the Inte rior, proclaimed from the tribune on the 27th April, 1837, that— The gross revenue of the private domain was 2,596,757 The gross revenue of the Civil List 18,674,889 The charges of the private domain The charges of the Civil List whereby it was clearly shown that there remained to the- King, for the personal expenses of his family, the jour neys of the Princes, gifts, encouragements to science and the arts, purchase of pictures, statues, restoration of the palaces, replanting the forests, and embellishments of all kinds, a sum not amounting to 11,000,000 f. These facts having been shown, what occurred ? In spite of the opposition of Messrs. de Cormenin and Lherbette, the Chamber has voted the dotation of a million to the Queen of the Belgians by a majority of 239 to 140. At the present moment there is no demand for money, and no vote is asked for. All that is required is, that the country shall be enlightened and convinced that the King expends all and more than his revenue, and ex pends it like a king." THE SUN, LONDON, riItURSD"AY EVENING JULY 18, 1844 THE PITT POUND VERSUS THE PEEL POUND. AN APPEAL TO COMMON SENSE. PosTmAnt—THAT TAXES LAID ON COMMODITIES DO NOT ADD TO THEIR INTRINSIC VALUE. *,,,* The Commodity, Wheat, has been taken as the Example, but the reasoning applies to all other com modities.—lt is assumed that fifty per cent. has been required to be added to the price, in order to remunerate the producer for the burdens imposed on him by indirect taxation.—The Sovereign and One Pound Note are assumed to coexist for the sake of argument. " Look here upon this picture and on this :—The counterfeit presentment of two Brothers." PITT'S POUND. No. I. No. 11. Two Pounds. v Two Pounds in Gold. Gold as money. II PEEL'S POUND. No. I. No. 11. Two Pounds. Throe Pounds in Gold. Gold as money. It C>tt i , 6 g 1= Li Ll £1 WHEAT ,WHEAT, 05.3. 8 13s. 4d. 13s. 4d. 13s. 4d, _ O.T • 1 111) OF OF = [Xi WHEAT WHEAT Gold as a commodity. Gold as a commodity. [The 10 dwts. 6 grs. of gold in two sovereigns, and the quarter of wheat are here assumed as natural equivalents; i. e., their value in relation to each other estimated by the labour necessary to bring them to market.] [The 10 dwts. 6 grs. of gold in two sovereigns, and the quarter of wheat are here assumed as natural equivalents ; 1. e. their value in relation to each other estimatt d by the labour necessary to bring them to market.] PITT'S POUND. (See above, Diagram No. II.) PEEL'S POUND. (See above, Diagram No. IL) In this case, as in considering Pitt's pound, it is assumed that the pressure of indirect taxation has forced up wheat from two pounds to three pounds per quarter. From the above diagram it will appear, that by keeping the paper pound at par with the gold pound, as Sir Robert Peel contends it should be, a quarter of wheat is now equivalent to 15 dwts. 9 grs. of gold ; therefore, accord ing to Peel, taxation has added to the intrinsic value of wheat (see postulate) ; because if it has not, 15 dwts. 9 grs. of gold must be equal to 10 dwts. 6 grs., and three gold pounds must be equal to two gold pounds., i. e. 3=2, which is absurd. But Peel's pound, gold though it be, has lost its value, or power of purchasing, in proportion as taxation has added to the price of wheat ; each pound has lost one-third of its power to purchase, and goes no fur ther than 13s. 4d. would have done before taxation was imposed : as money, therefore, its value or power of pur chasing, is 13s. 4d. ; as a commodity its value is 20s. Under this system, taxation cannot be added to the price of commodities, without adding to their intrinsic value in gold, which has a most ruinous tendency as re gards both our home and foreign trade. With respect to our home trade, if we could surround Britain with a wall to keep in the "gold, and could com mand at will as much of it as the necessity of expressing our taxation in it required, then might our pro ducer be enabled to recoverfrom the consumer the amount of taxation which, in the shape of Excise and Customs' duties, he has originally advanced to the State ; but this being out of the question, the home producer must make up his mind to sell his goods or produce at their natural or untaxed level. The wealthy and unproductive are' thus freed from their just share of the burden of taxation, which the producers cannot recover from them by an enhanced price of the products of their industry. The burden of indirect taxation thus falls entirely on the productive classes of society ; who, to shield themselves, are obliged to use every expedient to diminish the expense of production—low wages, lengthened hours of work, the substitution of the labour of women and children for that of men, the introduction of machinery to supersede, not assist, human labour: all these are the fruits of the attempt to keep the paper pound at par with the gold pound. Low and unremunerating prices are the consequence ; agriculture, manufactures, and trade languish ; la bourers and operativesare thrown out of employment; and the cry of over-production, over-population, is heard:—the revenue declines; and the Minister is driven to impose a property and income-tax, which tends still further to impoverish the people, by the diminution of expenditure and employment to which it gives rise. In the foreign market we no longer deal on the prin ciple of barter, i. e. giving equal values for equal values; for we are compelled to exchange the labour embodied in 15 dwts. 9 grs. of gold for the labour em bodied in 10 dwts. 6 grs. We give the foreigner three for two, and are congratulated on the excess of our exports, and on the favourable state of the exchanges, which is but an indication that the process of giving three, and GETTING TWO, is in DISASTROUS OPE RATION ! Under this system the absentee derives a profit by his want of patriotism—the income which he draws from this country is no longer burdened with his share of taxation, since, for every three pounds which he draws, he receives 15 d wts . 9 grs . o f go ld , i nstead of the 10 dwts. 6 grs. which is his due—he luxuriates in a foreign land on the extra 5 dwts. 3 grs. of gold wrung out of the taxed producers of this country. Should it happen that the expansive power of taxa tion in raising prices is allowed to operate by a free issue of money, and that prices in consequence approach to, or even reach their taxed level, then the foreigner will be glad to dispose of his quarter of wheat, or other commodity of equal value, and taking advantage of our taxed price, obtain 15 dwts. 9 grs. of gold, for what cost him in his own country only 10 dwts. 6 grs. ; thus he receives a premium of 50 per cent. to take our gold instead of our goods. Under this opera tion the gold vanishes, " panics" ensue, " fluctuations in prices" occur to a fearful extent, and a deadly struggle is again made to bring back the gold of which we have al lowed ourselves to be so absurdly robbed. In Peel's Pound the National Debt has been virtually doubled in Amount, and never can be paid. Peel's Pound WILL RUIN the country. In this case it is assumed that the pressure of indirect taxation has forced up wheat from two pounds to three pounds per quarter: the pound, therefore, loses its value, or power of purchasing, in the proportion that indirect taxation has added to the price of wheat: Each pound loses one-third of its power to ptuchase, and goes no further than 13s. 4d. would have done before taxation was imposed. By thus permitting the paper pound to depreciate with respect to the geld pound, the intrinsic value of wheat in gold is preserved: a quarter of wheat being still equal to 10 dwts. 6 grs. of gold (see postu late). Under this system, taxation may be added to the price of commodities to any extent, without altering their natural value in gold—a property of the highest conse quence, both with respect to the home and foreign market. By means of increased prices in the home market, the producer is enabled to recover from the consumer the amount of that taxation which, in the shape of Excise and Customs' duties, he has originally advanced to the State: the labourer charges the taxation, which enters into the articles which he consumes, to his employer: the employer adds it to the price. The wealthy and un productive are thus made to bear their just share of the burden of taxation in the enhanced price which they pay for every product of industry. The producers, too, contribute to the revenue in their capacity of consumers; and, by the stimulus which remunerating prices give to the agricultural and manufacturing producer, new energy is imparted to all; new fields of enterprise are opened up; new wealth is called into existence; the wants and tastes of the people, not only keep pace, but expand, with the powers of production. The greater the production, and the greate► the popuation, the more easily does the burden of taxation fall on all. With the distributive power which such a currency gives, the wealth of the country is proportionably diffused through all classes of society in their several degrees; and, as no excessive toil is exacted from the labourer in field or factory, a fair opportunity is given him of raising himself in the social scale. In the foreign market we thus deal on the principle of barter; our high prices not interfering with the intrinsic or gold value of oar goods or produce. The foreigner may sell to us his quarter of wheat, or other commodity of equal value, for three pounds instead of the two, for which he would have sold it before taxation enhanced its price in this country ; but, as in this case, his three pounds exchange for 10 dwts. 6 grs. of gold only, he derives no undue advantage over us—he has sold his goods to us at their natural price. In like manner, when we sell abroad our quarter of wheat, or com modity of equal value, we are content to receive in ex change 10 dwts. 6 grs. of gold, or goods of equal value ; for the gold or goods will command the high prices of this country, and exchange for three pounds of its cur rency. We may thus carry on a flourishing foreign trade with all the foreign exchanges against us—they being merely so nominally. Under this system, the absentee is prevented from profiting by his want of patriotism. Every three pounds which he draws from this country will bear his share of taxation, and yield him only 10 dwts. 6 grs. of gold ; which will command no more abroad than his three pounds would do at home. Under this system, the paper pound becomes the pound of account in all transact►ons in this country; and it derives its value from being receivable at the Treasury in payment of taxes. Its value is regulated by the amount of indirect taxation. It loses its power of purchasing as taxation is increased—it increases in its power of purchasing as taxation is diminished. Under this system no " panics " or " fluctuations in prices " can be experienced, the pound preserving a uniformity of value indicated by the gradual operation of taxation. Under this system all our wealth remains among us, and we may confer as much of it as we please on the indus trious classes of society, by increasing the wages of the labourer and the artisan. In Pitt's Pound the National Debt was chiefly con tacted, and might have been paid off within the last wenty-five years. Pitt's Pound WOULD SAVE the country. GENERAL ANNUITY SOCIETY. A festival of this Society took place at the London Tavern yesterday evening, the object of which was stated to be to assist in resuscitating its operations. A very excellent dinner was provided on the occasion by the spirited host, and the utmost enthusiasm prevailed in reference to the object. Shortly after six o'clock, the chair was taken by W. Tooke, Esq., F.R.S. After the cloth was removed, and " Non nobis Domino" had been sung by the professional gentlemen, namely, Mr. Bruton (director), and Messrs. Edney, Ashton, and F. Martin, The CHAIRMAN proposed in succession the following toasts :—" Her Majesty the Queen," " The Queen Dowager," " Prince Albert," " The Prince of \Vales and the rest of the Royal Family," " The Army and Navy," the whole of which were received with customary enthu siasm. The CHAIRMAN then said they had now arrived at the very pith and marrow of the festival ; and he should indeed feel diffident in alluding to it, were he not satis fied that every one present felt the warmest interest in the cause which it was their object to promote. They know that that Institution had had a period of con siderable decay, or at least of decline, and the object of their assembling together was, as far as in them lay, to contribute by every means in their power, to restore it to that position among the charities of the metropolis, to which it was so peculiarly entitled.—(Cheers.) It was almost the only Institution which aimed at the relief of that class which especially claimed their sym pathy, namely, the decayed males and females who had known better days—who having moved in the same sphere of life as themselves, felt most acutely the want of those comforts which it was the object of that Institu tion to bestow.—(Hear.) He considered that meeting to be in the nature of a Committee meeting. It was a meeting in which they had met to discuss and promote ulterior proceedings, which by the aid of the public, would place the Society in its right position.—(Hear, hear.) They heard much in the present day about Young England, and of the infusion of young blood.— (Hear, hear.) He would not say anything as to the political effect of the operations of the Young Eng land party in this country ; but he was quite sure that their zeal could not be more usefully displayed than in treading in the footsteps of their predecessors, by placing this Institution in that prominent position which its benevolence entitled it to occupy. A printed paper had been circulated, from which they would see the gradual decline of the funds, and consequently of the Society's means of usefulness. It should be their object individually to promote the cause between that period and the next anniversary, when he trusted the Society would assume a proper attitude, and that chair be occupied either by royalty or by some illustrious person worthy of the Society and of the occasion. He should be most happy, as far as it was in his power, to contribute to the funds.—(Cheers.) With unfeigned wishes and aspirations for the accomplishment of their object—namely the ample restoration of their means of usefulness—he begged to propose "Prosperity to the General Annuity Society." The toast was drunk with three times three. Mr. RICHARDSON then read a report in reference to the proceedings of the Society. He commenced by referring to its early history. The Institution 'Was established in 1827, for the purpose of allowing annuities to decayed merchants, bankers, professional men, their widows, and clerks, and to single females, daughters of persons belonging to such classes of society. It was formed under,the most flattering auspices, and at first its success was very great; but in the course of three or four years the funds began to decline, and they had con tinued in a very low state from that time to the present, although a great number of annuities had been granted. Two months ago the Directors met for the purpose of considering whether it was possible to do anything to resuscitate this charity ; they came to the conclusion that it was possible to revive it, and the result of their deliberations was the present festival, which was held for the purpose of advancing that object. There were several circumstances which led the Directors to hope that that meeting would be the foundation of permanent success. There was still 1001 a year coming into the treasury of the Society from annual subscriptions. The Directors had come to a resolution that there should, in future, be one election a year instead of two, and that the minimum subscription should be five shillings a year for one vote, ten shillings for two, and so on, assimilating the system to that of the National Benevolent Institution. They had a particular reason for fixing the minimum sub scription at five shillings. There were very few clerks in bankers' or merchants' offices who could not afford to subscribe five shillings a year, and to continue that sub scription.—(Hear, hear.) It was the continuation of subscriptions which was the great desideratum.—(Hear, hear.) It was much better to give five shillings a year regularly, than to give a donation of 11, and then think no more of the Society.—(Hear, hear.) The losing sight of this had been one great cause, he believed, of the decline of the funds. He felt perfectly persuaded that it was only necessary to pull together, in order to bring this charity into a condition of the greatest pros perity; and he trusted that next year they would have to congratulate each other on the success of this attempt to resuscitate so excellent an Institution.—(Cheers.) Amongst the numerous donations announced by the Secretary were—His Royal Highness Prince Albert, 20 guineas ; Sir Felix Booth, Bart., in addition to 20 gui neas, 101. 10s. ; A. W. Robarts, Esq., in addition to 1051, 201. ; Luke J. Hansard, Esq., 20/. ; the Hon. Miss Harley, 101. 10s. ; the Duke of Cleveland, 101. 10s. ; James Tyler, Esq., 101. 10s. ; Mrs. H. F. Richardson, 51. ; B. Bond Cabbell, Esq., 31/. 10s. ; C. Tudway Swan ston, Esq., 5/. ; Sir John H. Pelly, Bart., 10/. The following toasts were successively drunk and re sponded to :—" The health of the Chairman," " The health of Abraham Wildey Robarts, Esq.," the Presi dent of the Institution," (which, in the absence of Mr. Robarts, was acknowledged by Mr. Stephens) ; " The health of Charles Stephens, Esq." A. ♦ote of thanks was also given to the Directors, the Treasurer, the Trustees, and the Secretary of the Insti tution, and to the Stewards of the dinner, The CHAIRMAN proposed " The Hon. Miss Harley and the Lady Subscribers." TO THE RIGHT HON. LORD MONTEAGLE. 17, Carlton House Terrace, July 15, 1844. MY LORD,—As it appears from the Morning Oro nick of Saturday last, that your Lordship has thought proper to avail yourself of my signature being attached, as Chairman, to a circular emanating from the Society ' for the Emancipation of Industry, publicly to make a personal allusion to me, on Friday, in a place where I could make no answer, the only adequate channel left for that purpose is the public journals ; and as you used my unimportant name in an effort (however abortive) to bring into contempt the principles of a benevolent So ciety to which I belong, I feel bound to enter my pro test. Your Lordship misrepresents me when you say " that a few sessions back I brought forward several schemes for a new arrangement of the representative system of Ireland, and also of this country." The Society to which I then belonged, neither professed nor practised any thing of the kind, but the very reverse. It was formed for the purpose of checking, in a constitutional manner, a systematic violation of the law, which, under the fos tering care of the political party to which your Lordship belonged, had become a crying evil. The country, from one end to the other, responded to our call, and we succeeded in putting down the nuisance. In the " other occupation" which it rejoices your Lordship that I have now found, Icalculate upon your Lordship's assistance, either by taking the trouble to understand our principles (in which case I am confident you will approve them), or by pursuing the line of opposition which you have commenced. In either case I feel no small confidence that we shall be successful in freeing this country from one of the greatest curses that was ever inflicted upon it, viz., the bullionist-system of currency. I beg to assure your Lordship that the principles of the Society cannot be controverted, nor its members diverted from propagating them, by the stale trick of holding up a paper, and calling it "prodigious non sense." This piece of acting answered its purpose in another place on the introduction of the Bill, but your Lordship has blundered sadly in the imitation. Sir Robert Peel held up a thick volume, which would have taken the House three days to read—you, a short paper that might have been read in three minutes. Sir Robert, amidst a sweeping condemnation of many opinions, did not venture to attack or in any way characterise the prin ciples of the Society for the Emancipation of Industry, nor did he even refer to them. It is possible that, a!- though they have been laid before him, he has never made himself acquainted with them. You extracted a single passage, and put your misconstruction upon the whole paper. Had you read it through, the House would have foiled that at any rate, it was not liable to the objection made by Lord Ashburton to your own speech, viz., that one part contradicted the other. I warn your Lordship that, however available this sub stitute for argument may be among those who do not yet sufficiently feel the ruinous effects of the measure of 1819, it will not stay the progress of our opinions among the intelligent po r ti on o f th community out of doors, where they are spreading with that steady progress which is the accompaniment of truth and the assurance of success. Your Lordship may conceive it to be " nonsense" to suggest an inquiry into the subject of the currency previously to legislation —nonsense, to suppose that the national debt has any existence —nonsense, to imagine that the taxation arising out of it is of any consequence to those who pay it —nonsense, to think it unwise and unjust to insist upon the payment of all engagements in a commodity which cannot be pro cured in sufficient quantity —nonsense, to suppose that such a demand, if enforced, will lead to fluctuations, panics, and bankruptcies —nonsense, to suggest that if you engage to sell your gold at a low price nobody will be likely to give yeu a higher relative price for your produce or manufactures, whatever they may be— nonsense, to avow that taxes levied upon a pro ducer increases the expense he i ncurs in producing— nonsense, to suppose a definite quantity of an article in universal demand like gold, can at one and the same time express the untaxed expenses of the foreigner and the taxed expenses of this country, even when the latter are 50 per cent. higher than the former —nonsense, to deny that two are equal to three —nonsense, to prefer a system which, previous to 1819, made the natioa happy, wealthy, and loyal, and was in the course of rapidly paying off the national debt, and reducing taxation, to one which since that time has produced a decline of revenue, undue speculation, panics, bankruptcies, pauperism, incendiarism, and crime, to an extent pre viously unexampled. As, however, the Society cannot concur in your views, they must leave it to the public to judge whether there be more "nonsense" in their circular letter, or in your Lordship's speech. I have the honour to be, my Lord, Your Lordship's most obedient servant, ANDREW SPOTTISWOODE. The convivialities of the evening were interspersed and enlivened by the excellent performances of the profes sional gentlemen already mentioned, Mr. Toole, jun., officiating as toast-master, and the company did not break up until a late hour. CHURCH EXTENSION. Special meetings of the Incorporated Society foil Pro moting the Enlargement, Building, and Repairing of Churches and Chapels, were held on the Ist and 15th instant, in consequence of the numerous and pressing application s for aid which have been received from va rious parts of the country. The Lord Bishop of London presided ; there were also present the Bishops of Dur ham, Lincoln, Gloucester and Bristol, Norwich, Lich field, and Chichester, the Earl of Harrowby, the Rev. Doctors Spry and D'Oyley. The Committee having, among other business, ordered the payment of ten grants to the places where the works undertaken with the aid of the Society have been completed (eight of these grants being voted towards build ing additional churches), proceeded to consider the applications for assistance recently received, and voted new grants of money towards building twelve ad ditional churches or chapels, and towards rebuilding, enlarging, or otherwise increasing the accommodation in ten existin g churches or chapels, making twenty-two grants in all. The new buildings are to be erected for districts in the parish of Gainsborough, and for districts in the parishes of Middleton, in Teesdale, Durham; Ashbourn, Derby ; Sandbach, Cheshire ; Woolwich, Kent; Calverley, Yorkshire; Barnstaple, Devon; Bush bury, Staff or d s hi re ; L ynn, N orfolk ; osport, Hants ; and Didsbury, a chapelry in the parish of Manchester. The churches to be enlarged, &c., are situate at Ystra dyfoding, Glamorganshire; St. Feock, Cornwall ; Great Bookham, Surrey ; Lower Guiting, Gloucestershire ; Yardley, Herts; Ninebanks, Northumberland ; Stran toe, Durham ; Kirkdale, near Liverpool; Attleborough, Norfolk; and Tarrant Gunville, Dorset. Five of the districts in which new churches are to be built, are situated from one to seven miles from the nearest churches, and although the other districts are nearer to places of worship, they are equally destitute of accommodation, as those churches are fully occupied by the inhabitants of the districts to which they properly belong. The population of the twenty-two parishes now assisted is 462,000 souls, the number of existing churches is 72; containing accommodation for 69,034 persons, and including 18,994 free seats. The free church room is, therefore, only one seat for twenty-four inhabitants. The additional accommodation to be obtained by the execution of the works referred to in the applications which have been now considered, is 6,199 sittings, 4,940 to be free and unappropriated. It will be observed that five-sixths of the new seats are to be free; indeed, two of the new churches, viz., those intended to be built at Middleton and Gosport, will be wholly free; a further evidence of the growing conviction that it is of the utmost importance to provide the labouring classes with the means of attending public worship. The aggregate amount of the population of the twenty-two places above referred to, when compared with the total present pro vision of church room therein, does not convey an accu rate idea of the wants of particular parishes ; and without again calling attention to the parish of Man chester, it should be noticed that Middleton in Tees dale contains a population of 3,000 persons, and has one church with 284 sittings. Woolwich contains nearly 28,000 inhabitants with one church accommodating 1,500 persons, and a proprietary chapel. Kirkdale, a suburb of Liverpool, has a population of 5,000 persons, rapidly increasing, and 960 sittings in the chapel, 100 only of which are free. Lynn, with more than 12,000 inhabitants, has two churches accommodating about one sixtu of the number, but affording free accommodation f,r only 450 persons. Gosport, contain ing a population of nearly 8,000 persons, with only a proprietary chapel containing 1,000 sittings, of which only about 300 are free. Sandbach with 6,600 inhabi tants and 1,247 sittings ir. two churches, only 224 of which are free. In these six parishes, therefore, there is a population of 63,000 persons, 55,901 of whom have no seats provided for them in the existing churches, in which the free accommodation is only 1,822 seats, or one sitting for 35 persons. The board have determined that in future they will hold a meeting on the third Monday in July in each year, instead of the usual meeting in October : they have, therefore, adjourned their sittings to the 18th of November next. - - INCENDIARY FIRES.—Our accounts of the fires are diminishing, and we trust they will cont i nue to d i minish. We have but one incendiary fire to record in this,county since the date of our last publication; and those of a purely accidental nature are also limited in number. The evil has. been extensive and frightful enough without the added hor rors of exaggeration into which so many of our contempora ries, copying the example of the Times, have fallen, and the prospect of an abatement of that evil will, we trust, be hailed by all with thankfulness and gratitudd.—Bury Herald of yesterday. SAVINGS' BANKS FUND. —The questioq now be conies general, " What do the Government mean to do with the enormous- surplus fund in their hands, arising from Savings' Banks 2" DUTCH MAIL. THE HAGUE, JULY 14.—We print with all speed a supplement to our journal, the project of law for intro ducing a new tariff of duties on,importation, exportation, and transit, accompanied with the explanatory memo rial which, es we have already stated, has been sent to the Members of both Chambers of the States-General, and which will be laid before the States-General at the opening of the next session. (This tariff fills twenty-five columns of the Staals Courant) _ _ The latest accounts from India (to the end of March) state, among other news, that a combat had taken place near the Thousand Islands, consequently very near Ba tavia, with two piratical vessels, one of which was taken, the other escaped. The men-of-war of the more important expedition against the pirates sailed from the. roads of Soera baja on the 15th of February. His Majesty's frigate Palembourg, Captain Koope, had made a demonstration, in January, on the west coast of Sumatra. Major Vander Hart, Resident at Al en Banjie, had been thereby enabled, at the head of a de tachment, to confirm the authority of the Government in the Balla Lands, without having recourse to arms. UTRECHT, JULY 14.—We hope that the railway to Arnheim will be com pleted this year, or, if n o t, i n s p r i ng next year, and that it will then be continued to Cologne, for which the surveys have already been made in the Prussian territory. _ _ BRUSSELS, JULY 12.—One of our journals publishes, as news from the Hague, that the Countess of Nassau, widow of the late King William 1., is on the point of contracting a marriage with General Omphal, formerly Aide-de-camp to his Majesty. Another journal says, probably on as good authority, that his Majesty the King of Netherlands will proceed from Luxembourg to Paris, to pay a visit to King Louis Philippe. DUTCH FUNDS.—AMSTERDAM, JULY 15. Money. MR. Actual Debt, 2% per Cent 61% 61 Jitto, ditto 5 per cent.: Arnett Syndic,4% per 9 99% Ditto, ditto, 8% per 87% 87% Commercial Company, 4% per 144% 46% Loan 1837, 5 per 99% 100% Exchange on Londea,mtemoath l2 07% Two months Hamburgh, One month..— 25 68 • Two months ......." 57 67% Dutch Papers, July 16. AUSTRIAN NDS.—VIENNA, JULY 8. Five par Cents. Metalliques Four par Cents. lOO% Three per Cents... 77% Bank Shares ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••• ICII2 4Ugemeine Zeitung, July 11. THE BIRMINGHAM ELECTION.—The contest for the vacancy in the representation of Birmingham has terminated, as we feared it would, in the return of Mr. Spooner, the Tory candidate. For this result we are entirely indebted to the obstinacy of Mr. Joseph Sturge, who persisted in going to the poll, although it is now evident that he could not have had the slightest hope of success ; and consequently, that be was only playing the game of the Tories, who used every argument in their power to persuade him, that he ought not to draw back, after once engaging in the contest. Mr. Feargus O'Connor also, who was so lately the bitterest enemy of Mr. Sturge, forgot all his animosity, and, out of pure love of mischief, used every effort to induce his followers to vote for the complete suffrage candidate. Under these circumstances, it is not surprising that Mr. Spooner should have been returned by as many votes as those of Mr. Scholefield and Mr. Sturge added together; nor is it wonderful, considering how few their victories have lately been, to find the Ministerial journals boasting of the result of this election as a most surprising triumph, and a convincing proof of the progress of Conservative principles.—Manchester Guardian. BRIGHTON, WEDNESDAY, SIX O'CLOCK P. M .- About twelve o'clock this morning a steamer hove in sight, rounding Newhaven cliffs, having in tow a large vessel, and in about an hour afterwards it was ascertained to be the ves sel which Captain Warner intends to blow up with his newly invented shell. Some hundreds of persons immediately paid the toll to the Chain-pier, for . the purpose of getting as near a sight of the vessel as possible. The steamer did not stop, but towed the vessel into Shoreham Harbour. Captain War ner, on leaving Brighton last night, proceeded to Dover, for the purpose of engaging a steamer to tow the vessel to Shoreham, and having effected that object, he left Dover and arrived here this afternoon. It is uncertain when the expe • riment will be tried, but in all probability it will take place on Saturday. Captain Warner is staying at the New Steyne Hotel, and will write this evening to the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, to ascertain their pleasure as to the precise time for the trial of the shells. COLLIERS' STRIKE.—This unhappy business still remains in a lamentable state of indecision and uncertainty, presenting few new features, and those that are new by no means satisfactory.—Tyne Mercury. • --- COURT CIRCULAR. WINDSOR, WEDNESDAY.—Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent visited the Queen and Prince Albert, and the Hereditary Grand Duke and Duchess of Meck lenburgh Strelitz, early this morning, at the Castle. Soon after ten o'clock their Royal Highnesses the He reditary Grand Duke and Duchess of Mecklenburgh Strelitz took their departure from the Castle, in a chariot and four. Her Majesty and Prince Albert afterwards took an airing, in an open pony carriage. Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales, the Princess Royal, and the Princess Alice were taken their usual airings this afternoon. The Earl of Liverpool and Sir Robert Peel arrived from town in the afternoon, on a visit to the Queen. The royal party left the Castle in the afternoon, for an airing. Her Majesty and Prince Albert were in a pony phaeton, the Prince driving. The Countess of Mount-Edgecumbe (Lady in Wait ing), the Earl and Countess Delawarr, and the Lady Mary Sackville West occupied an open carriage and four. The Equerries in Waiting on her Majesty and the Prince, Colonels Buckley and Bouverie, and the Groom in Waiting, the Hon. Captain Duncombe, were on horseback. The illustrious party returned to the Castle at six o'clock. The Royal Family were taken an airing this afternoon. The royal dinner party at the Castle this evening, included her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, Lady Anna Maria Dawson, the Countess Wratislaw, Major- General and Lady Isabella Wemyss, and Colonel Rich ardson (Royal Horse Guards). The band of the Scots Fusilier Guards was in atten dance at the Castle during dinner. The Hereditary Grand Duke and Duchess of Meek lenburgh Strertz returned to Cambridge House, yester day, at twelve o'clock, from Windsor Castle. Their Royal Highnesses travelled by the Great Western Railway. The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and the Here ditary Grand Duke and Duchess of Mecklenburgh Stre litz, attended by . Baron Knesebeck, honoured Mrs. De Rothschild with their company at a dejeuner, yesterday morning, at Gunnersbury Park. The 'Governor of the Bank had an interview yester day with the Chancellor of the Exchequer, at his official residence in Downing-street. The Attorney-General for Ireland had also an inter view with the Right Hon. Gentleman. MEMOIRS OF CONFUCIUS. The family of Confucius, which still exists and flourishes in China, may be regarded as probably the most ancient and illustrious of which the records can be traced, since it can show a descent of more than 4,000 years, always more or less honourabl e f rom it s fi rst founder to the present time. It counts Princes, Kings, and Emperors in its ranks; and notwithstanding the re volutions which have more than once overwhelmed the empire during the course of this long series of years, it has always enjoyed some hereditary title, to which honorary distinctions have been added, so as to console it in some degree for the misfortunes of the times. Sie, up to whom the family has been traced with cer tainty, himself descended from Hoang-te, according to the testimony of all historians. Towards the year 2257 8.C., he was placed in the ministry by Shun, the imme diate successor of Yaou, who, one hundred years before, that is to say, in the year 2357, had himself ascended the throne, and, under whose reign happened that ter rible inundation which made such dreadful ravages throughout the empire of China. He was specially charged with regulating the ceremonies and watching morals. his integrity, his wisdom, and his good con duct altogether, engaged his sovereign to recompense him in a manner proportioned to the important services which he had rendered the State ; he presented him, among other gifts, with the district of Shang in Honan, which was erected into a principality. Thirteen of his descendants successively governed this little State, down to Ching-tang, whom the unanimous voice, as well of the grandees as of the people and the feudatories, placed, as it were, in despite of himself, at the head of the empire, 1766 B.C.—Piddiny's Chinese Olio. • A STORY WITHOUT END.—The Peishwah had a beautiful daughter, as fair as Bhowanee, and as graceful in form as young acacia; but the Kin g , her father, loved her the more, perhaps, that she was his only daughter; and, although she was surrounded by suitors, he declared that none should win her to his harem but he who could tell a story without cnd, and those who failed should expiate their presumption by the sword, and their heads should adorn the battlements of the fort. Many tales were told; and though for many hours the courtiers listened, and the king frowned and quaffed his kusumba drought, still, as did the smoke from the hookah of the prince, the tales of the suitors ceased, and many heads crowned the royal tower; until, at length, a young and handsome youth, blooming as Crishna, knelt before the king, and, from the outer edge of the carpet of resyect, craved hi s attent i on. "May it please your Highness , ' said the stranger, "agreat merchant had a field of grain, and he built a storehottie to secure it, but the rats get in, some thieves also, and both stole and devoured the grain. The merchant built another, like the topes (burial places) of Secunder's (Alexander's) chiefs ; it was of stone, with walls to the skies, and only a little hole at the top to look in at ; and the merchant yielded up his heart to joy, for he thought himself secure. But a flight of locusts came, and flew in at the little hole, and they began to de vour his grain ; so the merchant sent for the nakaras, tomtoms, and sittars, and placed the musici ans roun d the walls, to fri g hten out the locusts ; (" Welt," said the king), and the musicians played loudly, and louder still, and, at length, a locust flew out. (" Well ?" inquired the king) and soon another (" Well, well, proceed ;") and, again, one more ; and the youth continued his list of locusts, until the cup bearer fell asleep, and the kaliuns of the courtiers dropped from their hands ; the king had slept, was awake again, yet still the tale of the handsome youth ceased not ; when, at length, the king, starting from his cushions, exclaimed, " Cease, cease ! take my daughter, and let us rest, for truly the story hath no encl."— Anatic Journal LITERATURE. FOREIGN and COLONIAL RE VIE IV, No. VII.. Smith and Elder, London, 1844. The most elaborate article in this Number is one ! entitled " Despotism and Democracy," in IN hick. occurs the following just remark :—" There are doubtedly moments, such as the present, when' tfue prevailing character is indifference, we cannot call it contentment; when if men do not all agree upon, principles, they at least cease to agitate them ; when: they lay aside their arms and pause to take breath... But such calm is delusive ; exhaustion leads to leisure, and leisure to redoubled energy. Nations, like men, are ever moving forward to an unknown future. The human mind and the elements of nature are never entirely at rest." The Reviewer then pro ceeds to remark that "we are hurrying on either towards a despotism or a democracy"—a very comprehensive opinion which may safely be hazarded of the political progress, not only of England, but of every country in Europe. " The Gospel before the Age" is a notice, much too panegyrical, of a work lately punished by the Rev. Robert Montgomery, in which a passage is quoted as being prodigiously fine, which, to our thinking, is nothing more than emptpsounding bom bast, full of alliterations, such as " noise and nonsense," "glare and glitter," and by no means wanting in broken metaphors. We know no author of the day who has striven so hard, and with . so little success, to become a genuine poet as the author of " Satan." lie is . a strong versifier, and is familiar with all the rhetorical common-places of the art, but of real imagination he possesses not one particle. In the " New Spirit of the Age," Mr. Borne is treated with more courtesy than the critics have yet shown him, and the -excellencies, as well as the defects, of his work are fainted out with candour and discrimination. The " Political Press of France" gives an account • sof the present state of that influential organ. of public opinion in Paris, which Louis Phillippe, though not without considerable difficulty, has Contrived, if not altogether to silence, at least to reduce,to something like subordination. We strongly suspect, however, that in the end the French Press will be too strong for.the dynasty of the monarch of the barricades. THE MORNING MAILS. The arrangements that have been making by the Right Honourable the Earl of Lonsdale, the Postmaster-General, with the Directors of the different railways, for the dispatch ing of morning as well as evening mails from one end of the country to the other, are now entirely completed, and no doubt will be duly appreciated by the public and the mer cantile body in the rapid conveyance of their correspondence. The following is the Post- office time for the transmission of the mails from and to the termini cf the various railways of the metropolis LONDON AND DOVER, 88 miles, at 8 30 a.m., performing the distance in four hours, with the French and Ostend mails, and the Overland Indian mails, &c. LONDON AND BRIGHTON, 50 miles, at 10 30 a.m., per forming the distance in two hours. LONDON AND SOUTHAMPTON, 77 miles, and Gosport, 88 miles, at 8 30 a.m., performing the distance to Southampton in three hours twenty minutes, and Gosport in four hours, with the branch mails to Portsmouth, &c. ; and the Penin sular, Mediterranean, India, and West Indies. EASTERN COUNTIES.—London to Colchester, 50* miles, 830 a.m., in two hours and twenty minutes, with branch mails to Newmarket, Cambridge, Norwich, &c. LONDON AND BIRMINGHAM, 1121 miles, at 10 a.m., per forming the -distance in four hours twenty-three minutes, with the branch mails to Manchester, Liverpool, Preston, Lancaster, Chester, Fleetwood and Belfast, Worcester, Chel tenham, and Gloucester ; Nottingham, Leicester, Derby, Sheffield, Leeds, York, Darlington, Newcastle, Hull, Carlisle, Edinburgh, Glasgow, &c. From London to Newcastle, 273 miles, in twelve hours and a half. Carlisle, 301 miles, in fifteen hours ; and Edinburgh, 391 miles, in twenty-three. On and after the Ist August, the journey of the down day mail train from London to Birmingham will be performed in four hours, and the up trains in four hours and a half. These trains to, take the Irish and Scotch mails, and the. United States of America, &c. GREAT WESTERN.—From London to Exeter, 1934 miles, at 10 15 a.m., performing the distance in seven hours and five minutes, with branch mails to Oxford, Cheltenham, Cirencester, Bath, Bristol, Bridgewater, Taunton, Plymouth, Devonport, Falmouth, and the West of England. Exeter is 45 miles from Plymouth, Cirencester is 15 miles from Chel tenham, 12 miles from Stroud, and 17 miles from Gloucester. The morning mails are made up as follows, in London : The letter-boxes are open at the receiving houses until 7 a.m. for newspapers, and 8 a.m. for letters—those at the branch offices, Charing-cross, Old Cavendish-street, and the Borough, for newspapers until 7 30 a.m., and for letters until 8 a.m. At the General Post-office, St. Martin's-le-Grand, and the branch office in Lombard-street, for newspapers until a quarter before eight, and for letters until half-past eight in the morning. CHARGE OF MANSLAUGHTER. James Brigden, a cow-keeper and dairy-man, of Gulston street, Whitechapel, was yesterday brought before Mr. Bro derip, at the Thames Police-office, for final examination, on a charge of manslaughter, in running his horse and cart over a young married woman, named Ann Jones, who was killed on the spot. _ The Coroner's jury returned a verdict of manslaughter against Brigden last week, after a clear attempt on the part of Mr. Pelham to make the transaction appear accidental. The ➢iagistrate again went into the case at length. The de. ceased, who was the wife of a mariner now at sea, and had re cently opened a shop in Chamber-street, Goodman's-fields, went out for an afternoon's walk on the Bth instant, with a female named Wilson, and they were passing along Stepney green, close to the edge of the footpath, when the prisoner, who was in a beastly state of intoxication, drove along the road with his horse and cart in a most furious and reckless manner. Both females were knocked down, and the wheels of the cart passed over the deceased, and she expired almost immediately of the injuries she received. The prisoner, who was thrown out of the cart by the shock, was himself hurt, and he afterwards put the body of his victim in the cart, having previously removed a calf that was in it, and he drove at a furious rate towards the London Hospital, where the mangled remains of his victim were deposited, and he was given into custody. The witnesses said there was another man in the cart, but the prisoner was driving, and the horse was driven at a furious rate along a much frequented road. Not the slightest caution was used, and the utmost recklessness was exhibited by the prisoner in his drunkenness. No one in the cart gave any warning to the people in the road, and if they had done so it would have been useless, as the horse was driven at the rate of 12 or 14 miles an hour close to the footpath. Mr. Charles Bell, a pupil of the London Hospital, said the deceased was brought there in a lifeless condition on the afternoon of the Bth instant. The skull was injured, and there was excessive hemorrhage from the nostrils, and also from the ears and mouth. The body was severely bruised. He was present at the post mortem examination. Death was caused by an effusion of blood caused by a concussion of the brain. • Mr. BRODERIP committed the prisoner for trial for- man slaughter, on which Mr. Pelham said he had an application to make that the prisoner should be admitted to bail. The evidenCe given before the Coroner raised something like a presumption that the occurrence was accidental. Mr. BRE DERIP :—Accident what decision did the Coro ner's jury come to? Mr. Pelham said their verdict certainly was manslaughter against the prisoner. His client deeply regretted the lament able occurrence. The prisoner was a most respectable man, and had long carried on an extensive business with credit to himself and.family, and his friends were ready to put in bail to any amount. -A month would elapse before the commence ment of the sessions, and an application to the judges for bail would be attended with trouble and expense he was desirous to avoid. Mr. BRODERIP said there was a good deal of furious driv ing going on, and people were hourly in danger of being run over. In this case a young woman had been hurried out of life by a drunken man, owing to his reckless and illegal driving. The act was so clearly one of manslaughter that he could not take bail, and he was moreover justified in refusing it by the view taken of the case by the Coroner's jury, which was the same as his own. As the case was presented before him it was a very aggravated one, and he must refer the pri soner's solicitor to the judges it he wished to obtain bail for him, and he should be so advised.—The prisoner was then committed, both on the Coroner's warrant and the warrant of the Magistrate. THE FUNDS-(CLOSING PRICES.) BRITISH FUNDS. Bank Stock 199% Indian Stock 3 per Cent. Red 3 per Cent. Cons. 3% per Cent. Red 102% Ditto New Annuities ... 92% New 3% per Cent lO2 Ex. Bills 1,0001 . I iid ... 7, pm. New 5 per Cent. Ditto 5001 Long Annuities to expire Ditto Small 7l pm. Jan It.oo 12% 'Bank Stock for Acct.... Oct. 18.511 l2 5.16 Consols for Opg. 19% Jan. IS( 0 12% !India Stock for Acct.... FOREIGN FUNDS. Austrian, 5 per Cent ......... Portuguese, 5 per Cent Belgian, 5 per Cent — Ditto, New Ditto.... ..... ... Brazilian Bonds — Prussian, 5 per Cent ...... ... Buenos Ayres, 6 per Cent — Russian, 5 per Cent,. 1193( chllian, c per Cent Ditto, Metallic ........... ....... Colombian, 6 per Cent Ditto, 1824 — Ditto, 3 per Cent .. ...... .... 33% Cuba Bonds, 6 per Cent — Ditto, Deferred — Danish, 3 per Cent ...... ...... French, 5 i,er Cent 122 t. —c. Greek, 18.5, 5 per Cent — Exchange Mexican, 5 per Cent . ... .... 35% French, 3 per Cent —f. —c, Ditto, 6 per Cent., 1837 . ....... !Dutch, 2%, per Cent 61% Peruvian, 1825, 6 per Cent... :Ditto. 5 per Cent .........101% SHARES. Birmingham and Gloucester 4100 paid) 10) Ditto, New Shares, 17)i paid 24Th Dublin and Cashel, 2% paid Eastern Counties (23 paid) . . 12% Ditto Registered (8168 8d paid) Great Western (75 paid) Ditto Fifths, 1.2 paid London and Birmingham (Stock) Ditto, New Thirds, 2 paid Lonion and Brighton (50 paid) London and Greenwich (It. 15s. 4d. paid) 7 yt, Landon and South Western (411. 6s. 10d. paid) London and Croydon (Trunk)...... Midland COnnties (100 paid) .._ ~ .. .. South Easter'n and . Dover (33 2s -id paid) Ditto Vew Shares.( 4 paid) Trent Valley, 2 paid Bh York and North Midland (50 paid) lO4 Orleans, Tours, and Bourdeaux, 1 paid ... ...... Rouen and tlavre, 1U paid - 19% SALARY Or • • TNE CLERK OF THE CRONVN IN CHANCERY.—The,fol)owing resolutions were last night agreed to, and Bill ordered to be brought • by Mr. Greene, the ancellor of the Exclie,queir, and Sir George Clerk : 1. " That a yearly sa`lary-of 1,000/. be paid to the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, in lieu ofihe salary now paid to that officer." 2. " That provision be made, out of the Consolidated Fund of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, fur making good any deficiency, which may occur in the Fee Fund of the Office of the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery." NEW HOSPITAL FOR DISEASES OF THE CHEST: We understand, in consequence of the success which has attended Dr. Maddock, of the Dispensary, Judd-street, Brunswick-square, in his treatment of consumption, asthma, and many other complaints of the organs of breathing, and also of the heart, by inhalation, or the Ideal application of remedies to the seat of disease, it has been proposed to open an hospital in the northern part of the'metiropolii, for the purpose of relieving many thousands of tlie humbler classes who annually suffer from these affections. hr addition to the advantages to be reaped by the poor by the institution, it is to be hoped that it will be the means of making the above mode of practice more generally known and appre ciated by the medical profession. „ t i l er is r es , e , " $0 0 /4 ' o jer ry , ''''' 04 .." 0 0" 0 II