The Sun. — London, England, 1839-08-30 00:00:00

EVENING EDITIPN. CAMBRIDGE ELECTION. (FROM A 'CORRESPONDENT.) CAMBRIDGE, AUG. 29.—The three candidates are still in the held, and it is said that Sir John Doyle has positively declared his intention of gn►.rig to the poll. Should be do so, there is no doubt that Mr, Manners Sutton will be returned. Negociations have been going forward between the friends and Committee of the Liberal Candidates, with a view to induce Sir John to retire from the contest, but hitherto they have failed in effecting that object, The day is not yet fixed for the nomination, but it is expected to take place either on Tuesday or Wednesday next, which is the latest period allowed by law, MORE CHARTIST ARRESTS IN NOTTING HAM. / (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) hiOTTINGHAM, WEDNESDAY MORNING.—On Sa turday Mr. James Woodhouse, the Nottingham, Sutton in•Ashfield, and Mansfield delegate, was again ar rested, charged, along with three other persons, named Samuel Pass, William Lovett, and James Browne, alias Irish Jemmy, with visiting certain factories on the 12th of August, to induce the men to leave their work. Woodhouse has been previously committed for trial in the town for addressing a mob, within the precincts of the town, on the first day of the Sacred Holiday, namely the 12th of August, and having been round the same day with a mob in the country, after the Riot Act had been read; and having addressed assemblies of people since then, the county Magistrates deemed it requisite that he should be punished for presuming to do so in their district. He was accordingly arrested, and it being proved that he went round to several factories ; that he procured a drum, and gave it to a man to drum with, as was proved by Isaac Norton, the drummer, who turned Queen's evidence. The Magistrates convicted him and his associates, and ordered Woodhouse and Lovett to find bail for their good behaviour for two years, themselves in 1001., and two sureties in 501. each ; and the two others, themselves in 501., mild two sureties in 2.5/. each, for the like period. Woodhouse denied that he gave the drum, but was taken back to gaol till bail was found. The bail was not procured till Tuesday morning, when Woodhouse and Irish Jemmy were liberated, but the others still remained in custody on default of 'ha Col. Rolleston, M.P., was the Chair man on the Bench. Woodhouse has been in the habit of addressing Sunday evening meetings in the Forest, and preaching political sermons to them. THE NEW POLICE ACT. (From the Spectator.) It has always been necessary to keep a watchful eye on the conduct of the Magistrates and Policemen in London. That necessity has not been diminished by the enactment of the new Metropoiitsn Police Bill, which gives at the same time increased powers of pre venting annoyance and of causing annoyance. It is a middle-class measure, and as such will be regarded by the classes below the gentlemen who keep (rigs, and " shopocrates." Th e nu i sances i t is intended to abate are those which vex " ten pounders ;" and it unfortu nately happens that multitudes derive enjoyment and subsistence from the sources of annoyance to their su periors. Several clauses in the Act will occasion in convenience, if not privation, to the poor of the metro polis. For instance, clause 47th provides that "'No licensed victualler, or other person, shall open his house, within the metropolitan police district (fifteen miles in a straight line from Charing-cross) for the sale of wines, spirits, beer, or other fermented or distilled liquors, on Sundays, Christmas Days, and Good Fridays, before the hour of one o'clock in the afternoon, except for refreshment for travellers." Now the usual dinner-hour of the working classes is twelve o'clock, and on Sundays they indulge in a morn ing draught rather earlier than on other days ; but this Police Act prohibits such indulgence. The shopkeeper has commonly a cask of ale or a bottle of wine in his house, and may lunch when he pleases. The excep tion—for the " refreshment of travellers" —opens the door to disputes and difficulties. How is the " licensed victualler or othe: person" to know whether the lad who buys a glass of ale or gin wants it for the wayfaring man, as he will pretend of course, or for himself ? The po li3eman must decide that point, and he will decide it according to his own inclination. Another clause enacts, that— " Every person licensed to deal in excisable liquors, within the said district, who shall knowingly supply any sort of distilled excisable liquor to any boy or girl appa rently under the age of sixteen years, to be drunk upon the premises, shall be liable to a penalty not more than 20s. ; and upon conviction of a second offence, shall be liable to a penalty not more than 40s. ; and upon convic tion of a third offence, shall be liable to a penalty not more than 51." This is too vague for a penal enactment. The moat skilful surgeons are deceived in the age of persons, and may not the retailers of spirits plead ignorance ? Besides, the law may be easily evaded by taking the li quor into the street, and drinking it within a foot of the " premises." By the .54th section, a penalty of 40s. is attached toan immense variety o f offences. For instance— " Every person, except the guards and postmen be longing to her Majesty's Post-office in the performance of their duty, who shall blow any horn or use any other noisy instrument, for the purpose of calling persons to gether, or of announcing any show or entertainment, or for the purpose of hawking, selling, distributing, or col lecting any ankle whatsoever, or of obtaining money or alms." Alas for poor Punch ! this must be a finishing blow to the babe-delighting exhibition. " Alter the first day of January next, every person who within the Metropolitan Police district shall use any slog for the purpose of drawing or helping to draw any cart, carriage, truck, or barrow, shall be liable to a penalty of not more than 40s. for the first offence, and not more than 5/. for the second or any following offence." This is kindly intended for the canine creation ; but the inconvenience it alt! occasion to a great number of poor persons in the Metropolis will render it most unpo pular and offensive. " Every person who shall fly any kite, or play at any game, to the annoyance of the inhabit ,nts or passen gers, or who shall make or use any slide upon ice or snow in any street or other thoroughfare, to the common danger of the pas , engers." The youthful dwellers in the noisome courts and cel lors of London will soon learn, that to play at marbles or chuckfarthing on the side-walks, is a grievous offence, wnich, if committed ‘- within view of a consta hie," will subject them to arrest " without. warrant." The cited specimens of the Act show that the dis cretionary power of the policemen is very extensive, and that its exercise must be vigilantly inspected. Increased care ought to be taken in the choice of con stables, and the magistrates must use all the discretion they are gifted with in controlling and directing their myrmidons. INSOLVENT DEP,TORs' COURT.—It should be known that the Commissioners are not required by the Act to sit in the vacation, but are entitled to adjourn on two occasions for not more than six weeks at a time ; they have, however, given force to the humane provision by appointing sittings in the vacation. AMERICAN LOVE OF OYSTERS, SPIRITS AND ToßACco.—Three things are in great request amongst Americans of all classes, male, I mean—to wit, oysters spirits, and tobacco. The first and third are not prohibited by Act of Congress, and "may be sold in the capital ; but spiritous liquors may not. I wondered how the members could get on without them, but, upon this point, I was soon enlightened. Below the basement of the building is an oyster shop and refectory. The refectory has been remitted by Congress, upon the express stipulation that no spirituous liquors should be sold there; but law-makers are too often law-breakers, all over the world. You go there and ask for pale sherry, and they hard you gin ; brown sherry, and it is brandy; Ma deira, whisky ; and thus do these " potent, grave, and reverend signors" evade their own laws, beneath the ball wherein they were passed in solemn conclave. It ap pears that tobacco is considered, very properly, as an arti cle ‘ f fashion. At a store, close to the hotel, the board (iuttkide informs you that among fashionable requisites to be _oind t h ere, ;ire gentlemen's shirts, collars, gloves , silk hat-dkerehiefs and the best chewing tobacco. But not only sr at W as hi ngton, b ut at other l ar ge towns, I have e , winli ! a ,, t , silk mercers and hosiers, this notice stuck up in the , " Dulcißcintu h ' is the habit ofchewing,• s c ewmg tobacco." So prevalent do the ladies care andsolittle, from long custom, young ladies in the e ab s out it, that I have been told that many pigtail nicely outh carry in their work boxes, &c., and when their ornamentedswains are with gold aid coloured papers ; wants, thus meriting theiarr a e ff at fault, administer to their ifarryce e a c A ti n o , ns . by such endearing so li cit ude.— Captain THE CROPS.—The harveseatrtrimc:4 fairly commenced, at least in be said to have :.; localities of the country. In this county several ) fields barley h ave b e n cut clown, and in one or two instances oats fallen before the sickle. Mr. Dunn, o f the Ayr have already v r e aping his extensive field of corn at th e race Acecron:,:;sbegan the race course Ist week, with the view, no doubt, of having wla c ie 'a li n taken r rigs by the assembling of the Western M eet i n place to-morrow eight days. The weather, alternate s h o wer and sunshine, is not so propitious as we could wish, still we believe the crops are likely to exceed expectation. We bad occasion last week to travel over a considerable portion of the country, and were glad to find that little or n damage had arise n from the late heavy rains. Betwe en this o and Edinburgh, wheat and oars, especially where of a heavy quality, had been partially laid ; hut upoki th e w h ole we could give no great o,:ca,ion far complaint. In the neighbourhood of Glasgow and Edinburgh, as well as several fields in less favoured districts, oats had so fully a.sumed the golden hue of autumn, that a very few days of sunshine seemed necessary to render them all that the \ agriculturist could wish .—Ayr Observer. A STRANGE DUCK.—A few days ago, a duck belonging to a _Mr. Marshland, was placed on a table at the Woodman Inn, when it drank off a glass of ale and six penny worth of brandy and water, and after, three six penny worths in a neat state, to the astonishment of the company.—Corresponde n t of York Courant. EMP LOYMENT.—Whaterer busies the mind without corrupting it has at least this use (says Johnson) , that it rescues the day from idleness; and he that is never i idle will not often be-vicious. • LONDON AN I) .BLACR.WALL As an instance of which, he might say that a worthy Alderman (Humphery) now present, who had origi nally opposed the extension, had, since it had been car ried, con s id era bl y increased his interef4 - in the concern, --(Hear, heat)) With tespect to the power which the new Act gave the Directors, of borrowing 200,000/4 1,50,0001. would probably be required befbre the line td the Minories was opened, and on the borrowing of that amount, as to which now there could be no doubt, would depend the necessity of making any further calls. If that sum were borrowed, there need be no calls till next year, when they would be required for the exten sion—( Hear, hear). The Proprietors would no doubt see the propriety of leaving the arrangement of the borrowing to the discretion of the Directors—(Hear.) He had the pleasure of stating that the agreement with the West India Dock Company as to Brunswick Wharf had been made perpetual, instead of, as at first, for fifty years.—(Hear, hear.) Equally gratifying was it for him to be enabled to inform the Proprietors that the expenses of obtaining the new Act, estimated at 20,0001., amounted only to 7,oool.—(Hear, hear) — a large amount when considered by itself perhaps, but not to those who understood Parliamentary proceedings. —(A laugh.) It was then unanimously resolved :- 1. That the Report of the Directors, together with the half-yearly accounts, be received and adopted. RAILWAY. Ameeting very numerous of the Directors and Pro prietors of the London and Blackwall Railway took place yesterday at the London Tavern, Bishopsgate street, Was. ROUTH, Esq., in the Chair. The Climax AN said it was unnecessary for him to de ttin the meeting by any lengthened observations, cause the Report which had been prepared l[iy the Di rectors centatned all the information they could require, and it would probably save time to have it read in the first instance. _ _ The SECRETARY then read the Report of the Engi neers, Messrs. G. Stephenson and G. P. Bidder, detail ing the progress that been made in the works, which it was expected would be completed from Blackwall to the Minories in the spring of 1840 : " REPORT. . The Directors of the London and Blackwall Rail- way Company have much satisfaction in again meeting the Proprietors, and laying before them a statement of their proceedings since the period of the last half-yearly meeting. _ . _ At that time the contracts with Mr. Jackson and with Messrs. Gris3ell and Peto had just been concluded, and the Directors are gratified in being able to state that rapid progress has since been made as well in these works, as in those under contract to Messrs. G. and R. Webb. " For the details the Directors refer to the Report of the Engineers, and they have the pleasure to add that they are satisfied alike with the progress that has been made, and with the character of the work. " The Directors have very great satisfaction in laying before the Proprietors the New Act of Parliament, which received the Royal Assent on the 17th inst., repeal ing the clauses in the Act of 1836, which restricted the Company from laying their rails within 200 feet of the East side of the Minories, and granting the necessary powers for extending the Railway to Fenchurch-street. "The Bill was opposed in the most determined manner by the Corporation of London and by certain parishes ; and indirectly by the owners of the legal Quays and the Agents of certain Docks, who, it may be imagined, were unwillinc , that any new facilities should be given to the lower Docks, n which do not at present enjoy the advan tage of quick and easy communication with the seat of business. " Tha Directors rested their case upon the obvious fact, that this extension would give increased facilities to the business of the Port of London, and they be lieve that the opposition to them coming from such quarters, and conducted in the selfish and bitter spirit which directed it, materially assisted them in establish ing their claim. " It is scarcely necessary for the Directors to say any thing as to the benefits likely to result from this exten sion of the line ; it brings the lower docks into imme diate communication with the up-town warehouses, and insures to the Railway the carriage of goods passing be tween these points ; whereas, if the line had stopped at the Minories, the goods would have been subject to the unloadinc , and reloading there, which would so much have added to the expense and neutralized the advantage of transit by the Railway, as to have made it doubtful whether the present mode of carriage would not in most cases have been preferred. With respect to the advan tages as regards passengers, the Directors believe that they cannot express them in clearer terms than those contained in the Report of the House of Lords, where it is stated—' That one of the main objects of the Act passed in the Session of 1836, was to relieve the Pool of the River Thames from a species of traffic occasioning much loss of human life and daily inconvenience, and that in the opinion of the Committee such object will be more effectually insured by the proposed extension of the line, whereby additional inducements will be afforded to steam-boat passengers to proceed to and from Black wall by the Railway rather than by the River ; more especially as the majority of such passengers are now landed at London Bridge, which is considerably nearer to the Royal Exchange than the depot in the Minories, but is not nearer to the Exchange than the proposed terminus in Fenchurch-street." " The Act contains also clauses for alterinr , the name of the Company from the Commercial Railway Com pany to that of the London and Blackwall Railway Company, and for borrowing any sum not exceeding 200,000/., as soon as one-half of the capital of 600,000/. has been up, and the Directors recommend this Meeting to give them the necessary powers for borrowing upon debentures accordingly. " There is also a clause by which the agreement with the East and West India Dock Company for the use of the Brunswick Wharf is made perpetual, instead of being limited to fifty years as before proposed, and an other clause raising the qualification of a Director from 20 to 40 shares, and further authorising the Pro prietors, when they shall think fit, to reduce the num ber of elected Directors from sixteen to ten. The pre sent Directors were elected in February last for a year, upon the expiration of which it is the intention of the Directors to recommend to the Proprietors to reduce the number in conformity with the authority of the new Act. " No time will be lost in setting out the property which will be required for the extension line, but as con siderable delay will necessarily arise in obtaining pos session and clearing the ground by reason of the six months' notices, the Directors do not calculate upon opening that part of the line till the beginning of 1841 ; it will, however, be satisfactory to the Pro prietors to know that this will in no way inter fere with the opening of the line from the Minories to Blackwall ; the property for the whole of that part has been secured, and the works upon it are so far advanced as to justify the Directors in stating that it will be open for traffic in the month of March in next year. ... " The usual half yearly statement of receipts and dis bursements to June 30 is appended hereto ; the whole amount of arrears upon calls then due, amounting to 8,6591., by subsequent payments has been greatly re duced. Another call of 21. per share was made on the 23d July, and is now in course of payment. " In conclusion, the Directors consider that there is much on which they have to congratulate the Pro prietors, and fortunately there is nothing on which they have to express any regret. _ " The result of the traffic on every Railway that has yet been opened has more than justified the expecta tians that were entertained of increase, and disappoint ment where it has occurred bas arisen alone from the insufficiency of the estimates. In the case of the Blackwall Railway, on the contrary, the works will be executed even for the extended line much within the sum placed at the disposal of the Company by Parlia ment, and the rapid increase of steam navigation, the very opposition with which they have lately been as sailed, and a variety of other circumstances, conspire to lead the Directors to believe that the expectations which they have formed with regard to the traffic will not be disappointed. " WILLIAM ROUTH, Chairman." "TO THE CHAIRMAN AND DIRECTORS OF TILE LONDON AND BLACKWALL RAILWAY. " GENTLEMEN—In the last half-yearly Report, which we had the honour of laying before you, we referred to the progress of the work on contract No. 1, and to the character of the respectable contractors, who had un dertaken the whole of the work on your Railway, as a security for the expectations which we ventured to en tertain, that the Blackwall Railway would be completed to the Minories in March 1840. " We now beg to refer you to the annexed statement of the progress made on the Works of your Line of Railway, as a justification of those anticipations : Concrete Piers Arches foundations. completed. keyed in. Work executed '264 ... 258 ... 172 To execute 43 ... 49 ... 112 " Considerable progress has also been made in the em bankment over the West India Dock marshes. " The heaviest works on your line of Railway are the three large arches at the Regent's Canal Docks, of which two are complete, and the third will be keyed in by the end of this week. There is also another large arch over the Lea cut, the centreing of which is com pleted. " The foundations of the engine-houses at the London end of the line are being excavated, and in a few days a commencement will also be made on the engine houses at the Blackwall terminus. With reference to the machinery, we have only to observe that the ropes are already completed, and such progress made in the engines and drums, and machinery connected therewith, as to preclude the slightest doubt of their being completed by the time they will be re quired. In sh , rt, adverting to the progress made, and to the easy nature of the work remaining to be executed, we feel assured that your Railway will be completed by the period above referred to. 0 We have also to call your attention to the fact that, in consequence of the foundations of the viaduct having turned out more favourable than we originally deemed it safe to assume ; and in consequence, also, of other fortunate circumstances, a considerable saving has been effected on the amount of the several contracts at which the works on your Railway were taken ; making, in the whole, a sum of nearly 15,0001. " The complete failure on the part of the opponents of the Bill for the extension of your Railway to Fenchurch street, to prove before the Committees of the Lords and Commons the inefficiency of the proposed mode for working the line, has added, if possible, to our confi dence in the perfect succe,s of the arrangements which have been made, and which we shall new so soon have the satisfaction to see in operation. " W e are, Gentlemen, " Your very o b e di en t servants, (Signed) " GEO . STEPHENSON. " 35k, Gr eat G " G P. BDDER. eorge-street, E Aug. O. 2B, 1 1839." The CHAIRMAN said he would observe, as to the amended Act which they had obtained last session, that the Directors had purposely avoided speaking of it in triumphant terms, being desirous, as they had ever been, to preserve a conciliatory di spos i t i on towards t h e opponents of the extension—( Hear, hear)—who had, it was gratifying to state, much diminished in number, 2. That the Directors of this Company be em powered, and by this present order of the general meeting of Proprietors, they are empowered to borrow on the credit of the undertaking, the sum of 200,0001. or any part thereof, for any term of years, and at such rate or respective rates of interest, and upon such con ditions as they may deem advisable. Thanks were voted to the Directors, and the busi ness terminated, evidently to the entire satisfaction of the Proprietary. titE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY, AttattST 30, 183 g. BRITYSH AsSO,ciATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT 40T SCIENCE. BIRMINGHADI, WEDNESDAY EVENING.—The first connergazione given yesterday evening at- the Town hall was very well attended, and afforded a high gratifi cation for the visitors. In the course of the evening the perfOrrnances on the fine organ, excited much satis factioii. SECTION O. — MECHANIcAi. stiENCE. At the meeting yesterday morning Mr. Beart eaihi bited a new and portable machine for filtration by hy drostatic pressure, suitable for making coffee, tinctures, aed other infusions. The principle of the invention was approved of by Mr. Hawkins le eases where long pres sure was not required, and which was always inju rious in filtration. With respect to coffee, Dr. Ore approved of that plan the most which effected the ana lysis or the separation of the aromatic and bitter princi ples, the presence of the latter being denoted by the infusion assuming a yellow colour. Resistance on Railways. —Dr. Lardner CoMmu• nicated the results of the inquiry of the Com• mittee appointed at Liverpool on railway constants, and whose attention had latterly been devoted to the important subject of r es i s t ance to t ra i ns when in motion. The experiments which he related bad been performed on the Grand Junction, and Liverpool and Manchester lines, who had hand some ly placed at the disposal of the Committee all their resources and at their own expense. Resistance depended upon many different c ircumstances, such as the rolling motion of the tires, the axles on their bearings, and the leverage on the wheels, and the opp os i ng i n fl uenc e o f th e at mosphere to the train passin g th roug h i t , i n dependent of causes in the rigirie and its parts. The first expe riments were directed to ascertain the amount of resistance on the aggregate, which presented consider able difficulties, as no common or instrumental modes of observation were applicable. After much consider ation, it was ascertained that the only mode of deter mining the point could be by o b serv i ng th e m o tions of the trains down an inclined plane, and by calculating the difference between where the carriages were, and where they should have been at any precise time. Upon this principle several confirmatory ex periments were made, and there was an uniform ten dency observed in the trains to retard, showing a great quantity of resistance at a high velocity. They obtained the singular and striking fact, that the amount against which they had to contend was 1-97th of the whole weight, instead of 1-250th or 1-300th, as bad been pre. viously supposed. It was satisfactorily ascertained that a great portion of this resistance was owing to the atmo sphere ; as the amount of speed, when the carriages were left to their own momentum, was singularly. de pendant on the influence of fair, adverse, and side winds, and calm weather. The experiments also showed that a great deal of this resistance was owing to the wheels acting as fanners, and hence the utility of small wheels was proved over larg e r ones. The remainder of the subject was deferred till another occasion. Yesterday morning the first paper read was a memoir from Dr. Ure, on th e e l as ti c f orc e and density of steam, which he had undertaken at the request of the Associa tion. After describing in minute detail the former experiments of philosophers to determine the subject, he gave some very elaborate tables. In the course of his observations h e re gretted that chemists in this country did not substitute Reaumur's thermometer for that of Fahrenheit, as the divisions of the latter were very anomalous.-2. Mr. Hodgkinson related the re sult of his experiments on the power of different species of wood to resist a force tending to crush them. The results showed that the strength depended materially on the degree of dryness of the different kinds of wood which were subjected to experiment, and which would prove of considerable practical interest to builders. It was suggested that similar experim en t s should be made with respect to the quantity of water lost in drying, and the effect of steaming wood.-3. A com munication was next made from Mr. Fairbairn, e n hi s experiments on the tension of iron, which were in pro gress. In all the bars there was a constant increase in the deflection, rendering it very probable that time only was necessary to break the whole of them, though in some of them the power must be great, but as yet no thing certain could be predicted.-4. Mr. Cottam ex hibited a brick and tile-making machine, invented by the Marquis of Tweeddale, which possessed some very peculiar advantages. The importance of obtaining bricks more perfect, and with greater economy, had been proved by the efforts made upon the subject ; but as yet, although nearly thirty patents had been taken out on the subject, none had been successful. In this machine the clay was carried under the rollers in a com pressed state, as an endless web, and was cut into proportionate shapes, which had but to be carried away to be baked. One revolution of the machine, which took one minute, produced thirty bricks, and one man and two boys were thus able to produce 30,000 bricks in a working day. A very inge nious modification enabled the machine to manufacture draining tiles and pantiles, the former being now in much request, particularly in Scotland, where draining the land, and turning up the subsoil, had been attended with the most benefici a l resu lt s t o agr i cu lt ure . Th e machine-made bricks were also less porous, one of them absorbing in six hours no more than four ounces of water, while one of the best common bricks absorbed twenty eight ounces. The cloth:on which the clay run was moleskin, and which, by the numerous points which it presented; prevented its adhesion.--5. Mr. J. Scott Russel communicated particulars of the progress of the Committee appointed to inquire into the best form for vessels. They had instit ute d exper i ments on a small scale, with a great num b er o f sma ll models, out of which they intend e d to se l ect some w hi ch answered their expectations best, and from hence to try the experiment on a larger scale, when the re sults would be pretty fully l a id d own f or t h e bene fit of naval architecture. It was a s i ngu l ar f act, t h at the swiftest sailing steam-vessel in this country had been constructed from a pl a n pu bli she d i nc i denta ll y from the proceedings of the Association. This had been constructed on the wave principle, and which, al though it had only 220-horse power to a tonnage of 660, with ease attained a speed of 15 miles per hour.- 6. Mr. Cottam next read a communication on some railway wheels, made wholly of wrought iron, so welded together that, independent of the screws, rivets, or any other kind of fastening, they form one piece with the spokes. Mr. Roberts, of Manche s t er , h owever , s poke of the advantages of cast-iron wheels, w hi c h, under his experience, seldom failed, if the iron were properly pre pared, and no rust was allowed in the metal. Mr. Wood, the engineer of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, stated that there were still in existence on that line wheels of wood, which had been used along the line all the time with very little wear, and that the Direc tors were having more made, to submit them to a more perfect trial.-7. Mr. Parkin made a communication on a new railway wheel. with some tenacious substance, be Moulded into blocks and one advantage which he obtained in his resalt was, that the mixture being of less bulk, was very applicable foi iteartr-vessels, as an average quantity would last three months Over that of common coal for two. lie considered it of the greatest itnportance that this bless ing of life should be economised, as, when once ex. hausted, these fields could never be reformed. He had found that a composition of two-thirds of this dust with one-third of anthracite, was the best that could be used. The process which he adopted was to mix 30 or 40 gallons of water, 40 gallons of coal tar, and 30 gallons of lime with a ton of coal dust, and one or two hundred weight of dried river mud. Several gentlemen ex pressed their concurrence in this method, but it was the opinion that inland coal was not applicable. Professor LYELL made some very interesting remarks on organic remains found in the London clay, and in the red crag in Suffolk. Mammalia were often found iu great abundance among marine animals, and in the London clay, which was full of shells. The only cor rect test which we had of the age of teeth of animals, was by comparing their colour with those of the marine animals amongst which they were found. Amongst other recent discoveries were teeth of the maraupaha, nearly analogous to the North American opossum. Cuvier had also discovered the teeth of an opossum near Paris, and others found by Mr. Fox in the Isle of Wight. Under the sand of the London clay there had lately been discovered the lower jaw of a monkey, which was interesting, as the nearest speci men to the human race, and which also destroyed the theory of the progressive development of organiza tion. The tooth of the monkey was recognised as au thentic by a small tubercle upon it. In the Geographical division Mr. GREENHOUGH read a paper on the geography of Tyre, including some very interesting topographical details. O'CONNELLISM VERSUS THE CHARTISTS. TO TEE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SIR,—.Mr. O'Connell has often said he is the " best abused" man in the kingdom ; and it is true that his political opponents have been lavish in their vitupera tion against him. But, on the other hand, he has never spared an adversary; and his vocabulary of abuse is strong and long. Did he not once call a certain L? rd, who had in curred his displeasure, a " bloated buffoon ;" and an other, a notorious military chief, a " stunted corporj?" Did he not designate the Whigs as " base, bloody, and brutal ?" History answers in the affirmative. He has no right to complain of abuse, seeing that he uses it both defensively and offensively, without discrimina tion. It would be well were he to confine his invi ctive and nicknames to p ower f u l p o liti ca l ma l e f ac t ors . h e y ll have the means of d e f en di ng th e i r repu t a ti ons , an re torting on calumniators, in the places called the Houses of Lords and Commons ; also they have hack-scribes in the journals, and all sorts of creatures in the Courts of Law, to defend them against " libel." But Mr. O'Connell delights sometimes in selecting humble victims for the exercise of his abusive powers. The Chartists have of late rendered his mind uneasy ; and, although he has occasionally called them " de luded, wretched, and contemptible," he has conde scended to vent his rage on them. His august wrath has assumed the shape of a letter to " My Dear Ray" (a gentleman in or of Dublin), in which he felicitates his disciples on " the defeat of the Chartists by the honest men of Dublin." One would be induced to suppose either that the Chartists had been defeated in some insurrection in Ireland, or that, after a public discussion of the principles of the People's Charter, the arguments in its favour had been demolished. No such thing occurred. A de feat is preceded by a contest. There was no con test allowed to take place with the Chartists, consequently they experienced not a defeat. Then what does the " Honourable" Member mean by a de feat ? We shall learn this from the Dublin Corre spondent of the Morning Chronicle. It appears that a Delegate convoked a public meeting of persons fa vourable to the Charter, and that an irruption of O'Connellites took place at the room appointed for the Assembly. The Chartists (whom the amiable and pleasant Correspondent of the Chronicle calls " fellows" and " incendiaries," essayed to address the meeting, " but were received with a torrent of groans, execra tions, and taunts." This the Learned Gentleman calls a " defeat by honest and sensible men ;" whereas it was a gross outrage by half-witted political [quacks, who feared that free discussion would end in the triumph of the voice of truth and justice over " blarney" and imposture. In the letter referred to, the " Honourable" and spiteful Member charges the Chartists with the inex plicable offence called " high treason ; and this he does at a time when some of the leaders are being puuished beyond the rigour of vindictive laws. The " patriot," not satisfied with the prosecutions for " sedition " re cently " got up"—prosecutions that throw the dirty work of Castlereagh and Co. into the shade, invokes further vengeance on the heads of such men as Lovett, Collins, Vincent, Thompson, and others, who, although condemned by prejudiced and excited juries and judges, are declared innocent by three millions of intelligent working men. If Mr. O'Connell sincerely believes that the Chart ists have erred, and are not going in the right path of Reform, let him give them advice temperately and com passionately, instead of working himself into a fury, and attempting to increase the persecution of honest en thusiasts. However, he has evinced an ignoble dispo sition, by approving of the political Burkers who re fused the Chartists a hearing at Dublin. He who is afraid of fair and free discussion of political questions, is a cheat, whoever he may be. Has not Mr. O'Connell constantly told his " eight millions" to AGPTATS, AGITATE, AGITATE ? This is the man who will not allow the Chartists to utter a word 1 He accuses the Chartist leaders of being "in the pay of the Conservative faction." This is a base ca lumny, that no person of sound mind can believe. The Delegates were elected by large bodies of men, who would not be long in discovering whether their Repre sentatives had sold themselves to either of the factions. Mr. O'Connell also informs the world that the Chartists wish to " establish a dominion that must ex hibit itself in murder and massacre." The amiable gentle man who gravely makes this horrible accusation is the very person who, a few years ago, patronized " Deaths'- heads and cross-bones" (vide the Journals of the year 1834), and boasted that he would get a petition signed by a million of Irishmen, who should specially be de scribed as " fighting men." Now, the Chartists have never employed such language as this. They are desirous of effect ing a radical reform in the representation by " mo ral force," and never recommend physical, except in self-defence, as pointed out by the law of nature, and authorized by the Bill of Rights. I am, your very obedient servant, JAMES H. LORYMER. . _ 28th of August, 1839. [Without taking any part in the contest between Mr. O'Connell and the Chartists, we publish the present letter, because, as far as we know, the Chartist side of the question has not before been stated, while Mr. O'Connell's letters have been admitted into a great number of newspapers.—En. SuN.) MR. RICE AND THE PUBLIC PRESS.—It is a fact worth mentioning at the p resent t i me, especially as we believe it to be one not generally known, that when the Stamp-duty on newspapers was reduced, Mr. Spring Rice, on the part of the Government, gave a positive pledge to the deputation of newspaper proprietors, between whom and himself frequent conferences took place, that the penny and twopenny publications, whose existence had till then been winked at, although unquestionably amenable to the Stamp-duty, " should forthwith be put down with a vi gorous hand." We need not remind our readers how this promise has been kept. Probably they will agree with the Duke of Richmond, that it would have been wise not to " rely on an assurance that was not given in writing." —Brighton Gazette. DIBBLING WHEAT.—In consequence of our inserting the list of prizes given by the Battle Horticul tural Society for seven roots of wheat with from 72 to 115 ears each, we have received the following statement : That Benjamin King has now growing at Eastbourne from 11 grains, 11 fine plants of wheat, one with 94 ears, one with 107, and some of the straw upwards of five feet and a half high ; the grain is of different kinds, some white and some red, each put three inches into the ground. On seeing these plants the Chairman of the Harleston Farmers' Club, in Norfolk said " They speak volumes" for depo siting the grain below the reach of birds and of most insects, by which, too, it is little liable to be injured by frost, and the roots spread enough before it rises into stalk to supply sap for making stiff straw and well-filled ears, which is important when so much money i s go i ng out o f t h e country for grain, which would be better in our farmers' pockets. In Norfolk broadcasting of wheat is not known ; all is either dibbled or drilled, and neither uses more than a bushel and a half of seed ; consquently this bushel and a half of seed saved, as compared with broadcasting, amply pays for dibbling it; the cost of which work varies on different soils, as long practised in Hertfordshire and Norfolk, from 6s. to 10s, per acre; but, at the average price of Bs. an acre, leaves the farmer 4s. an acre for superintending the work, and as the produce in Norfolk is admitted to be four bushels per:acre more than when broadcast, the grain would amply pay for weeding between plants thinly put into the ground, which work would lessen the poor rates, which still in many country parishes exceed a quar ter part of the tithes. The first page of the English Agri cultural Society's Journal says, " The average produce for wheat is stated at 26 bushels per acre in England and Wales, but if this could be raised only to 27 bushels, at 50s. per qr., it would be an annual gain of 1,200,0001. ; if three bushels are broadcast, 26 bushels is not nine-fold the seed, but in the plant of wheat with 107 ears they average more than 30 grains each, and the produce is then 3,210 fold. Manufacturers as well as farmers and consumers generally will have reason to feel obliged to you Sir, for inviting attention to this subject, as a letter from Burnley, _ Lancashire, of the 23d instant, says—. Here the staple of the district is the cotton trade, but very many hands wo rk only two days out of seven, and where they make fustians and cords it is at a d ea d loss; but if saving of seed and increase of produce diminish the cost of food, these . m aanud factures may again be resumed with profit, ancl r ese demand for food fill our farmers' pockets. ' " —Sussex Advertiser. STEAM POWER. FORTII AND CLYDE CANAL,—.Every attempt hitherto made to construct steam vessels adapted for canal navigation has signally failed, and the proposition may be considered as long ago abandoned. The prac ticability, however, of applying locomotive steam power to canal conveyance has been fully proved. A single line of rails, about a mile in length, was lately construct ed on the banks of the Forth and Clyde Canal, near Lock Sixteen, and a steam carriage, the " Victoria," having been brought for the purpose, the interesting ex periment was made on Wednesday last with the utmost promise. Every thing having been prepared and in readiness, the first of the fly-boats from Edinburgh, containing about ninety passengers, besides luggage, was taken in tow in gallant style. The arrange ments for the novel trial were wholly unex pected on the part of the passengers, among whom no small degree of curiosity and excite ment prevailed when apprized of the circumstance. The experiment was conducted under the superintendence of Mr. M'Neil, consulting engineer to the Company, and Mr. Johnston, canal director. A great many people were attracted to the spot. Immediately on the rope being attached, the engine was proceeding at a rapid pace, when the cord (an old one) unfortunately broke. It was speedily adjusted, however ; but coming in con tact with a curb-stone, it again gave way, and some little time was lost until a new one was procured. This having been done, the remainder of the line was traversed at a speed of nearly twenty miles an hour, the boat going through the water with the greatest safety, and with less vibration than by the common mode of towing. On stopping at the end of the rails, the passengers signified their approval by a round of hearty cheers, their only regret apparently being that they had not the advantage of such a power to tow them on to Port Dundas. Throughout Wed nesday and the following day, we understand, the Victoria continued to tow the other vessels passing and repassing in a similar manner, and with the utmost suc cess. The engine was only calculated for about eighteen or twenty miles an hour ; but the result showed that the usual railway speed might be obtained and practised without danger. The trial thus made is in every sense an important one, and calculated to effect a great and invaluable change in canal transit. At present the haulage of boats is performed by horses, the rates of speed being for the heavy sloops and brigs in the London, Dundee, and other trades, about 11 to 2 miles per hour, when drawn by 2 or 5 horses, accord ing to the state of the weather, and for the swift or passenger boats between 7 and 8 miles per hour, on an average, when drawn by two horses. By the appli cation of locomotive power, the Union Canal might be traversed in 2 hours, and the Forth and Clyde Canal in 14 , instead of 4 hours and 31 as at present, and this by assuming 16 miles per hour, though more might easily be performed. As one engine could draw at least six heavily loaded vessels, requiring by the present sys tem from 18 to 24 horses, an immense saving would accrue to the Company, while the public would be pro portionally benefited by the increased facility of con veyance. The expense of laying the rails will be trifling. compared with the formation of other railways, the banks of the canal already forming a level sufficiently broad for at least a single line.—Ayr Observer. FIRE.—On Wednesday morning, between twelve and one o'clock, a fire was discovered in the counting house of Messrs. Davies and Brothers, opticians, No. 209, High Holborn, which soon communicated to the work shops of Messrs. Scoles and King's coach-manufactory. By the prompt arrival of the fire-engines the fire was sub dued in about an hour and a half. Damage to the amount of about 6001. has been sustained. MANSLAUGHTER.—On Wednesday afternoon an inquest was held before Mr. Payne, at the sign of the George, Beech-lane, Finsbur.7, on the body of Mary Ann Martin, an infant, aged two years and eight months, who, it was alleged, met its death in consequence of re peated acts of ill-treatment of a man named Wallis, a shoemaker. It appeared, from the evidence of a great many witnesses, that the mother of the child has coha bited with Wallis. since October last, at No. 59, Lower Whitecross-street. On Monday three weeks, during the absence of the mother, Wallis beat the deceased in a most violent manner, and the poor child was heard to cry again on Saturday morning last by the landlady of the house. On the sa me night she was seized with convulsions. Mr. Wm. Cordon, of No. 54, nedcro ss - street, surgeon, was sent for, and promptly attended ; but the child expired at twelve o'clock on Monday night. A post mortem examination of the body was subsequently made, when there was found an extensive effusion of blood on the surface of the brain, and between both hemis pheres of the brain there were traces of great inflam mation and an effusion of pus, which was quite sufficient to destroy life. The injuries must have been caused from great violence. The jury, after a long consultation, returned a verdict of " Manslaughter against Wm. Wal lis," who was brought into the room and committed on the coroner's warrant to take his trial at the next sitting of the Central Criminal Court. THE QUEEN AND WESTALL TIIE ARTIST, HER MAJESTY'S PRECEPTOR.-On his death-bed (he had been hunted from his own house by the lowest attorneys, extortioners, and sheriff's men,) he wrote to the Princess (who had not then ascended the throne), and told her that he had a blind sister dependent on him for support, that he was dying, and had no means with which to provide for her, and solicited her Majesty's protection. The Queen's answer was immediate, containing words of sympathy and sincere regret, and saying that she had settled hence forth on his bereaved sister 1001. a-year for life. Let the deed be registered in every English heart.—British and Foreign Review. 96,CHEAPSIDE,AND 39, ALBEMARLE-STREET, PICCADILLY.-The Messrs. S. and 13. Solomons, Opticans and Aurists to the Royal Family, are happy to inform the Public that, after thirty years'practice, they have succeeded in effecting a most important improvement for Deafnessland Defective Vision. Their invisible Voice Conductor is constructed upon such a principle, that when fixed in the ears it is not perceived, and in company most severe cases of deafness are not in the least percept:ble. The Messrs. Solomons are highly gratified to find that numerous indi viduals of the highest respectability are daily calling to express their feelings of gratitude for the great benefit they have derived. Their newly invented Spectacle Lenses give immediate relief to weak, dim, and imperfect vision. It is particularly necessary to observe that the Messrs. S. have no connection with persons of the same name, nor with any one who have and who are daily en deavouring to imitate them ; their valuable improvements in the material are secret to themselves, and are solely confined to their establishment, 39, Albomarle-street, and 96, Cheapside. No travellers are employed. NEW PUBLICATIONS.—We are requested to state that Mr. Colburn, of Great Marlborough.street, has published, during .he present month, the following new works, which can be had of all Booksellers:—.l. Mr. Darwin's Journal of his researches into the Natural History and Geology of the various countries visited by H. M. S. Beagle, 1 vol. Bvo., 18s. bound.-2. Morton of Morton's Hope, an Autobiography, 3 vols, post Bvo.-3. Captains King and Fitzroy's Narrative of the ten years' voyages of H. M. S. Adventure and Beagle, 2 vole., Bvo., with an Appendix, by Major Sabine, with Maps, Charts, and up. wards of 60 illustrations by Landseer, &c., 21. 18s. bound. —4. Mrs. Gore's Courtier of the Days of Charles IL, 3 vols. post Bvo.-5. Mr. Theodore Hook's Third Series of Sayings and Doings, complete for 62., with Portrait of the Author, &c., bound, forming the new volume of Col, burn's Standard Novelists. Yesterday a little girl while walking along th e wooden float which leads to the steamboat pier at Black friars-bridge, slipped and fell into the river. A young man in attempting to save her was carried beyond his depth, and with great difficulty reached shore. The girl sunk and was lost sight of for some time, when a waterman, by means of a boat-hook, with which he caught her clothes, raised her head above water and held her till another with his boat ca me an d save d her. Li fe appeared to be nearly extinct when s h e was carrie d as h ore, b ut i n a very short time she revived. The approach to the pier is by no means safe for childr en , an d someth i ng should be done to prevent similar accidents. A FRIENDLY ACT.-On Wednesday, at the Mansion House, a respectable man named Lewis was charged with being drunk. It appeared that he had been dining with some friends at the Saracen's Head, when he became inebriated and insisted on going home; as, how ever, he had nearly 3001. with him he was advised to stay at the inn, and on his refusal his friends gave him into custody. The Lord Mayor said that the defendant ought to be thankful to his friends for what they had done; but he appeared to be quite the contrary. He was fined 10s. The West Pennard cheese, intended as a present to the Queen, and made on the anniversary of her Majes ty's coronation, weighs 10 cwt. SECTION 8.-CIIEMISTRYAND MINERALOGY. The papers read were—l. Dr. George Wilson, on the cartain existence of Haloid salts in solution. After a number of experiments which he had performed at Edinburgh, he came to the conclusion, that instead of the ter-chloride of gold becoming a muriate of the oxide of gold when dissolved, it remains in the state of a chloride, and the same pervades every other metal of the same class.-2. Dr. Brown road a paper on the crystallization of metallic carburets, the object of which was to lay down a new formula of the maxim of crystal lization, viz.. that when the particles of a solid body are slowly evolved from the decomposition of a substance of which it or its elements are chemical constituents, they cohere in crystals ; and this, independently also buth of the fusion or solution of the body crystallized, and of the presence of any fluid medium of molecular motion what soever. The subject of the author's experiments were the carburets of no metal iw particular. In their amor phous form they are dark and opaque, and not easily distinguishable from charcoal. He concluded with stating that if wood be charred with sufficient care, not charcoal, but the diamond, would be obtained.--3. Dr. Clark on the limits of chemical equivalents, in which he adduced a number of experiments and arithmetical results to show that the equivalent of sulphur is the only round number.-4. Mr. Phillips read a short paper on the composition of the white prussiate of iron, in which he showed that it was composed of cyanosen 4, iron 3, and potassium 1. SECTION E.-MEDICAL SCIENCE. The papers read on Tuesday and to-day were :-1. Mr Middlemore, on an artificial pupil.-2. Dr. Macart ney, on the modes of suppressing haemorrhage.-3. Dr. Foville, on the brain.-4. Mr. Blakiston, on sounds heard in the chest during respiration and speaking. 3. Dr. Golding Bird made a communication on Asphyxi ation from carbonic acid gas, and which, as so many ac cidents had happened through the country by the use of certain stoves, became a matter of some importance in . medical *uri s p ru d enc e. He enumerated the results of many experiments, showing that a much smaller quantity of carbonic acid gas, descending even as low as two or three per cent, would prove fatal, and that it va ried according to the different idiosyncracies of individuals. The i medical lit era t ur e of this country was very defici ent n works on t ox i c ology, the principal of which were borrowed, without improvement, from Contine n t a l writers. In Germany there is a considerable improve ment over our system of Coroners' Inquests, as they had there what were termed forensic physicians, who were supplied with documents from Government, where every organ of the body was enumerated, which th e y returned filled up with the morbid appearances under each head. SECTION C.—GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY. Dr. BUCKLAND read a letter from M. Agassiz, who had discovered in the limestone of Glaurus, the skeleton of a bird of the size of a swallow, being the first which had been discovered on the Continent, although Dr. Buck land remarked that they were common amongst the marine deposits of this country. M. .Agassiz also an nounced th e p u bli ca ti on of a splendid work by M. Schonbein, which he had dedicated to the British As sociation. Mr. °RAH read a communication on the economical use of small coal, which was a matter of some impor tance, as out of three millions of tons, at least one mil. lion was waste. It occurred to him that such might SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. TATTERSALL'S-YESTERDAY. ST. LEGER. 5 to 2 agst Bloomsburv—offered 3 to ► agst Charles the Twelfth—taken 12 to 1 agst Euclid —taken 20 to 1 agst The Lord Mayor—taken 20 to 1 agst The Provost—taken 18 to 1 agst The Commodore—taken 2Y to 1 ag.t Hetman Platoff—taken 15 to I agst The Corsair and Malvolio—offered 40 to 1 agst The Mariner—offered 40 to 1 agst The Diver—offered A thin muster and very little doing, most of the subscribers being at Egham races. EGHAM RACES—Tutrasvey. The interest usually excited at this meeting by the Queen's Plate was in some measure counterb,lanced by the gloomy state of the weather in the early pest of the day ; without being bad it was sufficiently unpropitious to deter many fro.n visiting the races, and to this cause may be attributed the absence of several of the principal county families, whose presence has for many years been looked upon as a " matter of course." Fortunately for those who braved all chances rather than miss the race for the " guineas," fhe rain kept off, and they were enabled to enjoy a good day's sport without interruption. Before we proceed to details of the racing, we should state that the efforts of the stewards and their clerk (Mr. Hibburfl) to ensure an at tractive list have, as our returns will prove, been successful— never, within our recollection, have there been so many horses brought together, or so much good sport ; we may add that the minor arrangements have been perfectly satisfactory, and that the meeting has in every respect exceeded public expectation. Sweepstakes of 30 sovs. each, 20 ft, for two-yr-old colts, Bst Mb, and fillies. Bst 21b ; winners 81b extra. Three-quarters of a mile. Four subs. Mr. G. Bulkeley's br fby Emilius, out of Christabel, Butler 1 Lord Albemarle's Clove (31b extra) Mr. Firth's Wilderness Mr. Dockeray's gr fby Young Wanderer out of Lady Agnes 4 Betting.-6 to 3on Wilderness, 3to 1 against Clove, and 4 to 1 against Christabel. Clove made the running, followed to the la.t road by Christabel and Wilderness, where the latter gave way, and Christabel challenged ; a fine race home termi nated in the defeat of Clove by a head. The Sunninghill Stakes of 5 sous each, and 25 added, for three yr olds and upwards (Handicap). Three quarters of a mile. Seven subs. Captain Gardnor's 10, 3 yrs, 7st 81b (Pavis) 1 Mr. Bond's Voluptuary, 5 yrs, Bst 71b Mr. Goodman's Pluto, 3 yrs, 7st 21b Mr. Corbet's Jenny Jones, 3 yrs, 7st 121 b Mr. King's Alunchausen, 4 yrs, 7st 121 b Betting.-2 to 1 against lo 3to 1 against Voluptuary, and 3to 1 against Jenny Jones. fo made play from end to end, and won cleverly by a length. The Queen's Plate of 100 gs : three yr olds, ist alb ; four 9st llb ; five, 9st 111 b; six and aged, lOst 21b. Two miles and a dis. ilit. J. Day's Caravan, 5 yrs Sir G. ileathcote's Oroonoko, 3 yrs 2 - . Mr. W. Scott's b f Fame, 3 yrs Mr. J. Sadler's Deceit, 3 yrs Duke of Richmond's Mus, 6 yrs Mr. Corbet's br f Jenny Jones, 3 yrs Even on Caravan, 3 to I agst Oroonoko, 4 to 1 agst Deceit, and sto 1 agst Mus. Caravan made all the running, was never headed, and won easy by two lengths. The Egham Stakes of 5 sovs. each, and 35 added. Mile-and half heats. The winner to be sold for 2501., &c. Six Subs. Captain Gardnor's Bandboy, 4 yrs, 7st 131 b (Davis) 5 1 1 Mr. Balchin's Launchaway, 4 yrs, Bst 41b ... 1 5 dr Mr. Lucas's Tell-tale, 6 yrs, Bst 41b Mr. Aylmer's Cassandra, 5 yrs, Bst 71b Mr. T. Hussey's Red Rose, 3 yrs, 6st 61b First heat—Even on Launchaway, 3 to 1 agst Bandboy, and 3 to 1. agst Tell-tell. A good race between the first two ; was won by three-quarters of a length. Second heat-6 to 4on Launchaway, and 3to 1 agst Band boy. Won easy by two lengths. Launchaway was lame, and drawn after the second heat, and Cassandra, who was mounted, and on her way to the post, re ceived her stakes not to run, and Bandboy walked over. ST. LEGER BETTING AT EGHAM. 5 to 2 agst Bloomsbury 3 to 1 agst Charles the Twelfth 17 to 1 agst The Lord Mayor—taken 25 to 1 agst Hetman Platoff 33 to 1 agst Meunier 35 to I agst The Corsair—taken IPSWICH RACES.--TUESDAY. Her Majesty's Purse of 100 gs. Two-mile heats. Mr. Pettit's b c St. Francis, 4 yrs, 9st llb ( Pettit, jun.) 1 1 Mr. Clarke's b g Resolut;,2 ll , 6 yrs, lOst 121 b 2 dr Match for 501.—Mr. Clarks br h Shepherd, beat Mr. Maddock's b h. The County Members' Plate of 501; thrt.'e-yr-olds, 7st 21b ; four, Bst 61b ; five, 9st ; six and aged, 9st 41b ; mares and geldings allowed 31b, and half-bred horses 71b ; winners once this year 31b extra, twice 51b, and thrice 71b extra (Inatches and handicaps excepted); the winner of the Queen's 1;;;.te 101 b extra. The winner to be sold for 300/. &c. Two-mile heats. Mr. Rogers's b c Peon, 3 yrq .......(Pettit, jun.) 1 1 Mr. Sandford's b c Oliver Twist, 4 yrs Sweepstakes of 5 sovs each, with a Purse added by the Gentle men of the County for the beaten horses, &c. Two-mile heats. _ _ b h Luck's-all, aged, 9st 71b Mr. Smith's br h Creeper, aged, 9st 71b 1 3 3 Mr. Wilkinson's ch h Terry, aged, 9st 101 b 2 2 2 The race is disputed. WEDNESDAY. The Town Members' Plate of 61; three-yr_olds, 7st 31b ; four, Bst 61b ; five, 9st ; six andaged, 9st 4113 ; mares and geldings allowed 31b, and half-bred horses, 71b ; winners once th►s year (matches and handicaps excepted), 31b extra; twice, 51b ; and thrice, 7113 ; the winner of a Royal Plate, 101 b extra. The winner to be sold for 2001. Two-mile heats. Mr. Rogers's b c Peon, 3 yrs' (Pettit, jun.) 1 1 Mr. W. Edwards's b f Disagreeable, 3 yrs Mr. Sandiford's b c Oliver Twist, 4 yrs The Town Purse of 501. Two-mile heats. The winner to be sold for 20U guineas. All other conditions as above. Mr. Sandiford's b c Oliver Twist, 4 yrs ...( Green) 4 1 1 Mr. Smith's b g Daniel, aged Mr. King's b c Condor, 3 yrs Mr. Edwards's b f Disagreeable, 3 yrs 3 dr Match for 501, h ft. One mile. Mr. Maddock's b g Phantom beat Mr. Sutherland's gr gby Mulatto. NORTHAMPTON RACES—WEDNEsBAY. The Yeoman Cup of 501., by subs. of 2 sovs. each, by the No blemen and Gentlemen of the County, for horses not tho rough-bred, and bred in the County, and bona fide the pro perty of a Farmer or Tradesman residing in the County. Farmers or tradesmen riders. Heats, once round and a dis. Mr. T. Pettifer's b f Catchfly by Oppidan out of Catchfly, 3 yrs, 9st 61b (Lebird) 1 1 Mr. Blason's b g Pilot, 6 yrs Mr. C. G. Flesher's bc by Bolero, 3 yrs . . 3 0 The Queen's Plate of 100 guineas. Three miles. Duke of Richmond's ch f Confusionee, 3 yrs, 7st 111 b (W. Day) 1 Gen. Grosvenor's ch c Daedalus, 4 yrs, 9st llb Mr. Coleman's Kensington, 4 yrs, 9st llb Mr. Coleman's Calmuck, 6 yrs, lOst The Town Members' Plate of 501. Two-mile heats. The winner to be sold for 1001.. &c. Mr. White's b f Susan, 3 yrs, 6st 121 b ...(W. Day) 2 1 1 Lord Tavistock's gr g Gimcrack, 4 yrs, Bst Mr. Barker's Betsy, aged, 9st 21b 4 3 3 Mr. Coleman's Kensington, 4 yrs 3 4 0 Mr. J. Dane's b f Little Rosa, by Belzoni (h b), 3 yrs, Est CANTERBURY RACES—WEDNESDAY. Her Majesty's Plate of 100 guineas. Two-mile heats. Mr. C. Hornby sch f Romania, 4 yrs, 9st 61b 1 1 Mr. Aumont's b h Mr. Waggs 2 2 First heat won easy ; the second by a neck. Match for 2001. Four miles—Mr. Simmonds's ch g Cad land, lOst, beat Mr. Leith's ch g. Cottager, 11st, easily. The Bridge Plate, of 501; four yrs, Bst 61b ; five yrs. 9st 31b ; winners once this year 31b, twice 51b, and thrice 71b extra i mares and gelding; allowed 31b. Heats, once and a dis. The winner to be sold for 1201. &c. Mr. Bacon's b m Maid of Kent, 4 yrs (Higgins) 2 1 1 Mr. Faulconer's b m March First, 4 yrs ... 1 2 2 Mr. Turner's ch g Sir Felix, aged... ... 3 4 3 Mr. Hornby's br f Tenebrosa, 3 yrs A good race. GRAND AQUATIC GALA. THE SCULLERS' MATCH AMONGST PICKED WATERMEN The rowing-match of yesterday for the purse of sove reigns given by the gentlemen of the Dolphin Club was, in point of rowing, the best of the season ; and presented to the public a novelty in its arrangement never before at tempted in a rowing match. The favourite distances in rowing have very materially altered of late years, when nothing but from Westminster to Putney could be counte nanced by the elite ; next followed for two seasons Putney alone as the scene of action, but last Monday the inhabi tants of Barnes were. enlivened by such an attendance as rarely graces their bank. That the upper part of the Thames should be preferred cannot create much wonder, as since the small steam-boats have run to and fro. wager. men stand a good chance of being swamped ; or, at any rate, of their boats being " water-logged." The regatta of yesterday, from the singularity of its arrangements, might be considered as three great matches, all varying in dis tance, and in different parts of the Thames, although forming inthe main but one; and the eight best scullers on the River were the competitors, and four boats comprised each heat. The first four starting from Westminster and row ing to Battersea, where four others were ready, who rowed from thence to Putney, the two first through Battersea bridge, and the two first through Putney-bridge consti tuted the four entitled to row in the third and grand heat, and the chosen distance was from Putney to Hammersmith. These three heats all varied in the amount of distance, of no importance in the third heat, but a very material consideration in the first and second, the distance from Westminster to Battersea exceeding by nearly three quarters of a mile the measurement from the latter to Putney. Any disagreement in this was obviated by the men all drawing, so as to render the match as fair and straightforward as possible ; and the whole of the men being well matched, considerable sporting interest pre vailed. Coombes was first favourite, and some thousands depended upon his exertions of the day. Pocock, Hill, and Phelps next shared in different quarters the stream of patronage, more particularly the former, who was taken at odds to win the large atnount which had been so libe rally subscribed. It was the very sort of weather conge nial to the sport ; there was enough of sun to render it comfortable for sitters in boats, and not too much to fa tigue the men by its heat ; in fact, the day was illustrative of Milton's— " Earth in her rich attire— Consummate lovely smiled." The vast length of shore at which the wager in different parts could be seen , very evenly dispersed the assembl age on land ; sav e at Westminster, Batt ersea , an d t h e towing path at Putney, with Hammersmith-bridge ; and the numbers of long galleys out presented a very interesting and animated picture from the different bridges. At four o'clock the Leander, the Dolphin, the Falcon, some of the Guards, and others of the great aquatic clubs, drew to Westminster-bridge, and immediately afterwards the fol lowing men took their stations for the first heat:—Phelps, of Fulham, orange ; Hill, of Hungerford, pink ; Shelton, of Lambeth, black ; and Goodram, of Westminster-bridge, white. Of the latter it may be necessary to remind our readers that he was the winner of Doggett's Coat and Badge this season. This heat might have been taken as a wager in itself. Betting was brisk, Hill for choice, and large sums laid out. The start was well taken by all, and drew forth loud plaudits. The whole four men were to work and level for about six strokes. Phelps first made the push, and Hill next. Off the Horseferry these two powerful men were abreast of each other; the other two in a sinlilar position a length astern. Phelps got half a length ahead; Hill again came up, hull and hull, and a finer wager was never wit nessed. The men strained every nerve, and rowed so evenly, and with such determined game, that sporting men present were at a loss to conjecture who would first arrive at Battersea-bridge. They were hull and hull all up the Reach, each being cheered on by his friends and backers, and when within about two hundred yards from home, Hill made a last effort, and went through Battersea-bridge half a boat's length a bead. Shelton was third. As the cutters cleared away from the piles of Battersea , bridge, the following went to their places for the second heat : Coombes, of Vauxhall• bridge, blue, Pocock, of Lam beth, red ; Doubledee, of Lambeth, green, and Maynard, of the same place, yellow. Coombes was backed at 5 to 4 to win this heat, but the takers were abundant, in consequence of Pocock and Doubledee's rowing in the great oars wager a fortn,ght since. On the signal being given Pocock looked to have the start ; it was doubtful for a minute which had it, when Coombes, in his surprising style of rowing, opposed, as he was, to immensely superior weight, went out in advance beautifully, maintained it, and came in first. Doubledee, who had made a good second at starting, hurt his arm, and fell all at once in the rear. Pocock came in second and Maynard third. The men were rubbed as were their boats, until they shone like a looking-glass, and directly after six the signal was given to get ready, the distance being from Putney to Hammersmith. The coup d'oeil as the men stood at station, and surrounded by the cutters of their patrons, was grand, and elicited the admiration of those who were strangers to the sport. A volley of cannon from Aviss's announced one of the swifttst starts ever witnessed. Pocock, Phelps, and Coombes were all together, the latter in the middle. Coombe; took a start, led off the Star and Garter, and Phelps came slashing up to him. Pocock was not idle, and might have been a foot the last of Coombes. Two minutes more decided the fate of the day. They neared the first' point, and rioombes went right a-head a length in advance. Pocock ayid Hill worked admirably, and both went a trifle away from Phelps. Coombes, against every difficulty, maintained his advantage, and won by four lengths. Hill and Pocock were just together as second and third, and Phelps last. The winner, who was much distressed, was warmly greeted. He weighs but nine stone. EVEN IN( EMTION. FASHEONS FOR SEPTEMBER. All the toilettes of the moment are pf light delicate colours ; silk dresses are numerous ; the corsages vary ; the skirts are very full and long, and the lb% ves continue moderate. White is very much worn, but tAxTetas, glace, organdys tamboured in colours, foulards, and rot: slips with, pattern satines are worn. Cannezous bouillonn.es, wit h either long or short sleeves, look very well with dark silk dress. The fichu Rosine is a new style of composed of filet or gros de Naples, black or coloirre,d , with frill of the same. The large silk shawls continue fashionable, and are made in great variety. Shawls of black tulle, a points d'esprit, are also in fashion, lined with colours. Mantelets are made, for young ladies, of spotted tulle, lined with lilac or blue, trimmed with two frills of the same, having a broad hem with ribbon through, the colour of the lining. Very large shawls of plain cachmere are worn in Paris, edged with velvet embroidered with gold and silk mixed. Shawls are also made of the guipure lace over silk, which is also used for dresses, flounces, berthes, and even caputes. Bonnets continue of the same form; the front envelop ing the face. BlacL lace bonnets are very general. Some very fine Leghorns are trimmed with crape lisse and white feathers. The bunches of flowers continue to be placed very low. Bonnets of straw de Livourne, ornamented with long white feathers, tipped with pink or blue, aye much worn at Paris. Some pretty capotes of lacer placed on in rows, and lined with pink, have bunches of roses striped with ,white. The newest coiffures are the Arminienne, Thebanc, Persane, Oriental ; some elegant caps are made of tulle, embroidered in paille, ornamented with wheat-ears. Brooches of gold and enamel of various colours, repre senting fruits and flowers in their natural colours, with gold feuillage are fashionable. CORONER'S INQUEST. THE LATE FATAL STEAM-BOAT ACCIDENT NEAR. WATERLOO-BRlDGE.—Yesterday afternoon the Jury that had been sworn before Mr. Higgs to inquire into the circumstances attending the death of James John Rogers, aged 16, who, together with another youtb named Henry John Hay,i was unfortunately drowned by the boat in which they were coming in collision with the Starlight steamer, on the night of Wednesday , the 14th instant, re-assembled at the Savoy Palace public-house, Savoy-street, Strand, to further prosecute the inquiry. It will be recollected that the body of Rogers being picked up after the inquiry had commenced upon the boy Hay, it was made a separate inquiry, but at the first inquiry it was determined that as the evidence then being given in the case of Hay must necessarily affect this case also, it was agreed to adjourn until after the first inquiry had been brought to a close. The Jury having been sworn, the Coroner addressed them, and said he had no doubt they were in possession of the verdict returned in the previous case, and he would leave it to them whether they would be guided by that verdict, or have the whole of the evidence gone over afresh. The Jury thought there was no necessity for such a proceeding, and after hearing a few words from two or three of the witnesses, expressed themselves satisfied that the unfortimate occurrence was purely accidental , and returned a verdict accordingly, with a nominal deodand of one shilling, accompanying the same with similar observations to those made by the Jury in the other case. ORIGIN OF THE TURF-BOGS OF IRELAND Formerly Ireland was a vast forest; so powerful was the vegetation there, that it was called the island of wood. It is now almost destitute of trees; and when, on a fin e day in spring, it appears, though bare, full of sap and youth, it seems like a young and lovely girl deprived of her hair. It is not known at what time and by what cess this great destruction was effected. We may, bow. ever, be assured that it was before the Christian era, and probably at a much more distant date. Some attribute it to an extraordinary inundation, which uprooted the trees, levelled the forests, and buried them in the bosom of the earth. Others, whose opinion is b e tt er supporte d by scientific study, believe that the ruin of the forests was the result of violent storms. When the lofty forests that favored the country were compact and entire, they afforded each other mutual support against the violence of the tem pests : but, in proportion as man, requiring an open spite* for his house and field, effected clearances here and there,. the trees near those that had been cut down were without support against the fury of the hurricane, and fell before blasts that were previously powerless; every ruin occa sioned by a tempest produced a thousand others, rendered more easy as they were multiplied : the work of destruc tion went on. and all the fallen trunks, descending by the natural declivities to the lakes and the marshy parts o f the soil, were stopped at this liquid base, where, heaped one above the other, year after year, they were mingled to gether, some preserving their natural form, others decom posing into vegetable matter, until they formed that spopgio combustible substance, sometimes red and sometimes black, of which the vast turf-bogs of Ireland are com posed. —De Beaumont's Ireland, translated by Dr. Taylor` SECESSION FROM THE CHURCH.—On Sun" . day afternoon last the Rev. F. Tryon, who lately seceded from the Church, and resigned the curacy of Deeping, St. James's, Mrs. Tryon (his wife), George D. Mervielleux , Esq., of Stamford, Miss Maddocks, of King's Cliffe, and Mrs. Boyd, who is nearly 80 years of age, received public baptism by immersion in North-street Chapel, Stamford, having embraced the doctrine 4 held by the body of Cal vinistic Dissenters meeting there. About 800 persons were present to witness the ceremony, which was per formed by Mr. Warburton, minister of Trowbridge.— Stamford Mercury. SHEFFIELD PLATED WINE COOLERS , A. B. SAVORY and SONS, Manufacturing Silversmiths, 14, Cornhill, London (opposite the Bank of England), have for choice in their warerooms a Selection of PLAIN and 0111`1A MENTAL ICE PAILS, to which they wish to direct attelition . The price of the Plain Tub-pail (now much in use), 81. I° '' the pair ; the Classic Vase (very neat), 10/. Bs. the pair; the Victoria Pattern, 151. the pair ; the Dresden Cooler, 10/. th e , pair, &c., all of whit.. are strongly mou n t e d w i t h Sil ver , and have Silver Shields for Engraving the Crest or Coat of Aru n ; A pamphlet is published, with d raw i ngs of the a b ove and other articles of plate generally, which may be had on applica tion, free of cost. PLATE SUITED FOR PRESENTATION.- - Elegant or Splendid Silver Inkstands—Silver Waiters of every f size—Silver Cups, New and Second-hand—Fifty varieties ° Silver Tea and Coffee Services—Gold Snuff Boxes—Silver Table Snuff Boxes—Silver Epergnes—Silver Bread Baskets. And many other articles of Plate adapted for Presentation es Testimonials, & c ., may b e selected from, in the Show Roane at T. COX SAVORY'S, Working Silversmith, Goldsmith, and Watchmaker, 47, Corn_ hill, London (Seven Doors from Gracechurch-street). the testimonial By a dd ress i ng a paid letter stating the amount e fe "_ testimonial requi re d, d rawings an d particu l ars of var i ous a rtic , f suited for the price and object can be 19rwarded to any Pa r ° the country. BIRTHS. On the 26th inst., at Halton, Middlesex, Lady Pollock , of daughter. On the 27th inst., at Dulwich, Mrs. F. Take, of a eon. On the 28th inst., the lady of William Henry Palmer, E' q'' of Bedford-row, of a daughter. f On the nth inst., the lady of F. J. Hand, Esq., of Guil fo rd street, Russell-square, of a son. On the 27th inst., at Upper Tooting, Surrey, Mrs. MO Henry Goodhart, of a son. MARRIED. On the 15th inst., at St. Thomas's Church, Liverpool, Lieutenant George Jackson, R.N., to Ann, third &ugh te 0 the late John Shaw, Esq., of Iddenshall-hall, near Tarp , 'le i' Cheshire. On the 28th inst., at St. George's, Hanover-cquare , D'lsraeli, Esq., M.P., of Bradenhans, Bucks, to Mrs. Wynd ham Lewis, of Grosvenor - gate, and Pantgwynlais, Glamor ganshire. DIED. On the 27th inst., at the Vicarage, Kenilworth, Charles Augustus, the infant son of the Hon. and R ev . Montagu Vil liers, aged four months. On the 16th inst., at the Vicarage-house, Margate, Cak t9j ; James Colter, for many years Commander of the ship ' 1 !" George, employed in the trade to the island of St. Vincent, In connexion with the house of. Sir Thomas Neava, Bart. -- - - London : Printed and Published by MURDO YOUNG ., 21 No. 112, Strand, at The SUN Office, No. 112, Str om!, the county of Middlesex.—Friday, ingast 30, 1839.