The Sun. — London, England, 1839-02-25 00:00:00

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. A mot:on upca no state of the British Navy is promised by Lord Colchester for this night, in the House of Lords. This great question has never yet had a chance of fair play in Parliameet. It is, we apprehend, too much mixed up with party and pereonel considerations. The rnalpracticea under telocis the marine has suffered are those of a system of long duration, which has survived many Cebinets, 'nd has been rude subseivient to the selfish views or many. The viesee of the " system" will never be tho roughly probed until the subject shall be taken up by Re f •eniers of a ebse not embraced within the muster-rolls of politisal party. The grand and fundamental disease of our marine has been its subjection to the official euidenee of a Board dependent on the will of each suc cessive Administration, and compelled by the very na ture or thing's to sacrifice the impartial government and genera welfare of the fleet to the maintenance of a Minis terial mejrrity in the House of Commons. Hence it fol lows that superior merits in naval cffireers are over looked, valuable scrv,ccs forgotten, men of distinguished charac ter anf talents passed by with haughty and heartless inso lence, consigned to penury, or banished to foreign court tries, while strdplinge whose families possess votes, cr can procure them, are lifted into a promotion for which they are utterly unqueliiied, over the heads of men who spent more years hi fightiror ter their country than the new race of post e iptain3 and commanders have numbered since the day of their birth. We suppose there never was such a prosperous ieventiou heard of as that of intrusting the di rection and destinies of that vast piece of complex mechan ism called the " Naval Power of Great Britain " to men who have no knowledge of seamenship or of seamen, .c f ships, or stores, or gunnery, or naviga tion—ef what it is that constitutes officers, or sailors, or science, or practice, in maritime affairs—who, in fact, on entering the hall of the Admiralty, have everything con nected with their duty to learn, and most likely never saw a man of war in their lives, but in a picture, cr at anchor, when ships di l lie at anchor, off Spithead. The author of an able article on the grievances of the Navy, which was transferred from a monthly publication to the colunas of Saturday's and of Monday's Times, asks this rather puzzling question :—" What, for example, would he said, were an aldermen, or a sergeant-at-law' (or he might have added, Lord Howick), " called in to the Horse Guards to con trol the general administration of military matters, when a sergeant of the line would be fumed a far more efficient person ?" Why, it would be said that the army was sold to a clique of jobbers (just as the Navy now is), ignorant of all things appem taining to the Royal service but the alt of making vacancies, and filling them up through the most barefaced abuse of poster with the raw materials of votes at elections and of majorities in Parlia liament. But the bad composition of such a board of nasal xpe ieterelermee is not all, nor the worst. The connexion of the Board of Admiralty with the Minister of the day insures a change of all the members of that Board on every change of Ministers. Hence it follows that there can be • no steadiness, consistency, nor uniformity in the course of naval administration. There can be no pions matured, nor experiments thoroughly completed, nor policy tested by ae appeal to its consequences, before a sudden re moval viiits ail the parties, and the whole series of measures adopted by them is left to take care of itself. Ail the-experience, therefore, gained in such a department im confined to the clerlie, who never quit their desks ; and what FO7t of thino the most practised subaltern of that desc, iption is capable of becoming, even at the end of " thifty years' service" as a penman, and it ith m any col lateral advantages, we have a characteristic specimen in that shrewd, indurstrieus, zsaleu3, and respectable chef de hure7n, who has lately (with what success we say not) volunteered the defence. of the existing. Board of Admi .alte—viz., Sir John Barrow, who, with deference be it , polie.n,forgot that he was himself an "unauthorized co!un ref:- on one side or the question, when be abu el and threat :lva eellant officers ter wring on the other side without '`ieteority." • "lche aiftirsuf the arrny,"says time anther above quoted, :IA lee says truly, " arc adiniaistered free from II polhical control." Haw long this may he so is another questimm. " Net so those of the Navy. The head of all our mmiee is hirneelf shackled to the state "—thet is, to 'lve Minister pro tempura. One enormous and vital ma ae"y in our Naval systein bee been the almost unlimited ournber of midshipmen admitted on the recommend t tien of officers first taking the command of ship, eithout due regard been had to the nolltitudes already in the service, and wholly unprovided fur. Tilts ills the Navy with disapeoloded and mum inuring clohnsnts for ernpniyment and promotion. It almost necessitates the otherwise needless, and, in process of time, discon tented multitude ofjustly clamorous lieutenants, of whom es: believe there are at this moment several thousands on t t ec Navy List, and by unavoidable consequence the mejo rity of them unfit to -do duty on board ship. At the runt of this improvident multiplication of unemployed ofli ecrs lies the political character of the Board of Ad ..-ni-Lt;ty, and the expediency, for corrupt purposes, of 'toying votes by selling patronage through ill the stages of :;ronsoti: n. Look at the American Navy, of which a strik ing, iutelliecet, en.l inetructive account was given in the Times or yeAerilay. The Americans arc it iser in their economy thee cur Josephs ; all ranks of men in their naval service, from the conira3dere to the midshipmen, nay, to the form:tau - nen inclusive, receive more than double the pay of Brhish men and officers. 'lh post captain has :marl:: 1,0001 per annum at sc-a, and pay ashore (analo gous to our trait'-day) not less than 7301. While we allow our merchant seamen for navigating the clumsiest end elowest sea tubs in the world (as was explained a few rleys ago in speaking of English naval erehtecture) las.° guieess to 2!. 10s. per month, the Americans, riving the fastest and forest ailing vessels on the ocean, - I,y time seamen 31. 103. While, on the other hand, 'he British Government allow able seamen on board men-of-war It. 14s. T er month, the American Go vernment altowa them 21. Hence it is that, for all pur poses, whether of peaea, or war, says Captain M.rryat, the pick and choice of our British seamen g ivecr their ser vices to the United States, that we, w h o breed the best seamen, are forced to put up with the refuse, after a fermi dable rival has skimmed the cream of our seafaring popu letion ; and that if there be a scarcity cf seamen in the market, En g l an d w ill b e sure t o f ee l it first, and America not while a single man is to be found unemployed in the I market. All this would be very saddening, and might drive us to despair of the country, if the fault were not I, our own, red the rerne;ly within our power. America, it I Appears from C a pt a i n M arr y -at, has no able seamen before the mast to rely upon but those who arc native subjects of Great Britain. la war she would be utterly unable to man her ships without them. She has now 30,000 of our best hands betw een h er national and her mercantile shipping. Ifwe outbid h er , or even equal her in wages, we shall have a Its these men home ; an d s h e h as none to rep l ace t h em . l• short, everything is pinched and starved in the British service the scantling of our ships as compared with to reighefs—the complement of hands as compared with fo reigners_ th e pay of officers and seamen, as compared with foreigners, Yet in no service that ever existed was there such a profligate aid frantic waste of funds AS in the 13ritish service, because what was granted for the national defence has been applied to individual corruption. What , course of observation or argument may be taken by Lord Co'chester we know not, but his Lordship has only to open his eyes upon a wide field of grievance yet untouched, af -ectiagthe highest interests of the Navy.— Times. It nil' he semi by our report of the proceedings of the Anti-Cern law Delegates that they have determined to re turn to their constituents, to consult with them respecting their future course of proceedings. Some strong fa..!ts were stated by Mr. Johnston, of Glasgow, to show the dis proportion between the amount of labour neces , ary to produce a certain return in 1820, 25, 30, 36, 37, and 38. In 1820, the declared value of 248,000,000 yards ex eorted was 13,193,5291. ; in 1838, the number of yards exported was 645,000,000, and the declared value only 15,500,000/, The sum paid for wages in 1820 was 1 _%393,529r. The sum pa id i n 1 83 8 f or wages, f or No eueing near l y three times the number of yards, was t nly l I t E " , ° 00 1. Now, making every allowance for imprcvcd porleineiples, it i 3 c l ear t h at t h e l a b our expen d e d i n earn i ng t _satne amount o f wages must have b een out o f a ll proper.h _greater in 181'3 than in 1820. A better proof can godly dly be given of the cruelty of the Corn-laws to the work men. Te e en elv anuracturers' prices are o f c o u r s e d e t erm in e d competitio n in the foreign market. lie cannot give mere to th e tvg,t 'amen than b bis returns enable him to do, Lecause his workmen consume fo o d t axe d f or t h e b ene fi t ef the landowners; and the consequence is, that the poor workmen are ground down by excessive la ' !ear to enable the landowners to live in luxury at :heir expense.. The Chairman, demonstrated the trickery to which err Robert P ee l did not disdain to hav e receurse , in - telting the e ear 1833 as a point of comparison with the seven preoccling years. In 1837 there had been a great , ailing off, in consequence of the distress in America, and the stocks having been exhausted, there was necessarily a street increase in the return for 1838. Mr. Johnston coutoel the claims advanced by Sir Robert Peel for the landowners, on account of particular burdens on land. A man who mortgages hie property may as well call the in h•rest he pays a tax, as the landowners call the land ell and other burdens taxes. Land was originally the property of the; Stete, and granted not absolutely, het for certain servicesrend duties to be rendered, ha almost all other countries, the greater part of the taxe3 are borne by the land ; but owing to the pre ponderance of the aristocracy in the Legislature, they have contrived to render the burdens subject to which the lands were originally granted merely nominal. They have no right to talk of the land-tax, poors-rate, tithes, and connty.rate, as burdens on land. The land has always bee n held subject to these burdens. The landowner who . is subject to tithe 'nes no right to complain of the advantage enjoyed by the landowner who is tithe free—the former purchased his estate for so much less. The landholder in East Lothian, who receives Si. an acre for his land, pays , ohewhat between 6d. arid Is. in the pound to tire Church : the landholder in Kent, who receives 30s. an acre, pays ten shillings in the pound for his tithes ; b ut ' neYets aral sellers take the net rent only into con s_ideration. Th e " m i sta k e o f l an dh o ld ers i s t h at t h e y forget the difference between land and property clerked from labour. The land of a country belongs to 'he peopl e of a country, and is originally time fund for de . f ' a Y i hg all public services In most countries throughout t ril . 2,7°' ll , the land i s st ill th e p ro p er t y o f th e S tate. I n ' l u-rn Europe land at first held only for a term of years, af.erwards or life, mere in time to be transmissible to children --but still subject to the burden of military servi ce , pomi ee , al • .strati end thernimon of justice, public instructi o n, mahmtenance of the poor (which last burden is a reservation petothe land, of so much of the common right of the Whatever the rand, on its apportionment to individuals). services and amountin money . now payable for these the e hal _duties —and in most cases the commute harden on b t e h a o rn e a nominal burden—it is no more a tenant. ,„.. landlord, than the rent is a burden nn the w atax : ,1 1 , 1_ former is not more entitled to complain of rent, T he ' I V-rate than the latter to complain of Ar. Nlurray, ,landholders,, es was shown by the Honourable , ad corfirne,ceoey airno,t everything to Lc manufacture tlighland ca ° f country. The change in the value of ~0 „ 5 riot ( „i g r ,h _ e . y : is almost incredible. But Mr. Met ray m a d e ,. pounti % , h 4 4l` Cif to the Highlands, but takes two e ',net), at the fi rst d B . c'Y'.iinti —Berwick mot Roxburgh_ :;,lo. . e irnp ... whi .:,.. a i .. heo f the comparison, 1795, were i n a toan any county ti 7 , e in England, ploughing with two horses without a driver, sowing turnips on raised drills, and the convertible green-crop system having been universal in them before 1770. In these two counties he takes the rental of seven parishes in 1795 and in 1836. At the former period it was 304901., and at the latter 76,9201.—and yet the avarice of landlords is not satisfied. The meeting adjourned to Manchester, at a time to be fixed by the Anti-Corn-law Association of that town, giving a week's notice. They separated witl the declared intention of carrying agitation into every town and village in the country, in order to obtain and direct, by every con stitutional means, the influence of the people on the Legis lature.—lllerning Chronicle. ST. MARTIN'S-IN-THE FIELDS. (Owing to the crowded state of our columns, we have not been able to insert the following report till now.) A vestry meeting was held on Thursday at the Vestry Room, of the parish of St. Martin's-in- the. Fields, which was very numerously attended. The object of the meeting was to take into consideration the matters contained in the following Requisition, addressed " To the Churchwardens and Overseers o f the Parish of St. Martin's-in. the- Fields, Westminster. " We the undersigned request you will, as early as pos sible, call a Public Vestry, to take into considQration the late extraordinary proceedings at Bow -street, particularly relative to the Emigration or Transpoitatiun of Pauper Children to Africa; also the sending of a man, who had for many years been an inhabitant of this parish, together with his wife, an Englishwoman, to Cuik, without any means of subsistence, where they must have perished, but for the humane interference of the Mayor of Cotk; send ing any Pauper under such circumstances, being particu larly disgraceful, and by no means calculated to place the inhabitants of St. Martin in a respectable point of view to the whole people of Ireland." The requisition was signed by about forty parishioners. At eleven o'clock the Chair was taken by the Vicar, the Rev. Sir HENRY DUKINFIELD. Mr. R. S. Wit.es said he was sure, after what had ap peared in the public papers, relative to the proceedings of the Board of Guardians in that parish, that the meeting would consider he had merely done his duty in calling the attention of his fellow-parishioners to the subject. Before he commenced his observations, he would read the resolu tion he intended to submit to them—" That this Vestry view with regret the frequent collisions which the execu tive of the parish of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields have had with the destitute poor before the Police Magistrates at the public-office at Bow street." The first case to which he would draw their attention was that of a woman named Callagban,who was confined in their workhouse, and allowed by her husband 18s. a month. She wanted to get out, and was not permitted. There was also the case of Rickey, an Irishman, whose wife was an Englishwoman, whom the Board of Guardians thought it better to have removed to Ireland. lie (Mr. Wilks) could not see the wisdom of that proceeding, and when the two persons get to Cork a great sentatise was produced ; and it appeared to him that the affiir by no means redounded to the credit of St. Martin's in•the-Fields. The next was the well-known case telating to the alleged kidnapping of a child named Croker; and he wished to know how the parishioners would like to have a leading article in the Times com menting with such severity on their proceedings.—(Mr. Wilks here read the article to which he referred, and re marked that such things added not to the credit of the parish ) It appeared to him that the treatment of the poor was anything but what it ought to be. The fourth case was that which occurred on the 2d of Februery, and was that of a young, healthy man, who applied at Bow-street for re lief, and was recommended by the Magisirete to go for a soldier, because there was no u-e in sending him to the orersecrs of the perish of St. M After some further observations, Mr. Wilks moved his resolution. Mr. Eeeis seconded the motion ; observing that he had been induced to do so in order to give the pari-h authorities an opportunity of vindicating themselves. He then read a statement trom the Dispatch, relative to the case of Croker. He wished to ask who among the pi riabioners had been to Africa to ascertain what sort of treatment the children had there?—( Hear, hear. A voice in the crowd—" I have.") Mr. Ellis inquired, " Are you a parishioner ?" Answer—" I am." Mr. Ellis—Tnen tell us by whist authority the children are sent there ?"—( Cries of " No, no, that's not the ques tion.") When such statements appeared in the papers without contradiction , he thought it but fur to give the parties implicated an opportunity of vindicating themselves. Mr. SIMPSON said he thought he had a right to complain of the course pursued by the mover an-I seconder of the resolution, who had in the requisition stated two cases, and in their statements had brought forward two others, without giving the parties concerned any notice. He did not think such a proceeding honest, fair, cr just.—( Hoar, hear.) But he did not on that account shrink from the question. . He was glad the name of Callaghan had been introduced for he was satisfied he could give a triumphant vindication of the parish authorities towards that woman. Her conduct had been to highly immoral and improper, that her husband had been compelled to get rid of her ; he went to the workhouse and said he would give whatever he could afford, to have her taken in with a view to her re formation. After being discharged from the workhouse, her husband was obliged to apply to have her sent there again under similar circumstances ; and he then left the coaetry, having gone on board the Hastings (which took out the Queen Dowager) as steward ; he made his wife, however, an ample allowance, but she not being able to get spirits in the workhouse, wanted to get out, and to leave her children behind. This of course was refused ; and then she committed an offence, in order to be taken to Bow- street. The Board of Guardians then let her go, and she procured a situation ; but she was " kicked out" of that, and became a suppliant to be again admitted into the work ' house. With respect to the case as to which it was stated ono of the Bow-street Magistrates had asserted that his recom mendation would - not be attended to by the parish autho r rifles, he (Mr. Simpson) denied that to be the case, and l challenged either Mr. Twyford or Mr. Minshull to show any case in which it had occurred.—( Hear, hear.) The history of the girl, Louisa Croker, was this. She was born in the workhouse, in March, 1826, and was admitted into the workhouse, and discharged, upwards of a dozen I times.—( Hear, hear.) He hoped Mr. Wilks had the mother of the girl there, that the Vestry might judge from her appearance end demeanor. Mr. Simpson then referred to the documents which were submitted to the Magi,- tra; es, on which he contended that credit could not be placed. He contended that this letter, which he held in his hand, and from which the date had been cut with a pair of scis sors, was written upon paper that had not been in use at the workhouse for twelve months. A servant (of the work house, as we understood), had asked Hughes if he had written to Croker's mother, and he said he had. He had witnesses ready to prove this. He would prove to the meeting, that in every instance where .the address of the relatives of the children sent to the Cape was known, those relatives had been consulted, and in every instance in which they manifested any objection, the children were kept at home. ( Mr. Simpson here read several letters corroborating the statements be had made.) The child Croker, had given its consent ; he believed the mother had been written to on the subject. had her address been known, most assuredly she would have been. Indeed, the child had stated that she did not know her mother was alive. With regard to the treatment the children received at the Cape, no thing could -be kinder; they were apprenticed until they were twenty-one years of age, or until they were married; they were well-fed, well-lodged, and well-clothed,—until they were• 15 years of age they received 4d. per week, 2d. of which was deposited for them in a Savings' Bank —at 16 they received 6d a week, 4d. of which was de posited in the Saving's Bank—and at 19 they received 9d. a week, 6d. of which was deposited in the Savings' Bank. (A voice in the crowd—" Money at the Cape is much more valuable than in this country.") There was a Committee at the Cape, whose duty it was to look after the children, and they were also superintended by the Clergy sent out by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. (Mr. Simpson here read a letter he had received from one of the children who had been sent out, expressive of gra titude for having been sent to the Cape.) A letter had been written by a very extensive rate-payer to Mr. Le Breton, asking whether it was not a miserably morbid sympathy which would prefer that the pauper children should become prostitutes in London, rather than settlers at the Cape, and whether it was not better they should be sent out as paupers at ten than transported as criminals at twenty. A person in the crowd asked why the Guardians refused before the Magistrates to return the child from the Cape, and instead recommend the mother should go there? Mr. SIMPSON-The refusal did nit emanate from the Board, but from the Directors of the Children's Friend Society. Mr. RICHARD CORBETT, jun., thought the Guardians had made due exertions to find out the mother of the child. She had not left her address with the Guardians. or with the Governor of the Workhouse, but with a servant of the Governor's at Norwood. It was her duty to have come to the Board of Guardians directly she had heard of the circumstance ; and she would, in all probability have been in time to have prevented her child being sent away ; but instead of doing so, she went about from office to office in order to get up a case against the New Poor Law. Mr. Cobbett then proceeded to vindicate the Children's Friend Society from the aspersions which had been at tempted to be cast upon it. The indentures of the chil dren restrained the master more than the child, and con tained provisions seldom found in similar documents in this country. Mr. Wietss wished to know what this long rigmarole statement had to do with the case. The CHAIRMAN thought there ought to be full investiga tion, and therefore Mr. Cobbett was justified in reading these extracts. He would correct a little exaggeration which bad been made. The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts had not sent out a gentle man purposely to be a Chaplain to these children, although the circumstance of the presence of these children in the Colony had been certainly a great inducement to act as they had done. Mr. COBBETT proceeded with bis statements as to the moral and religious instruction of the children, and said they had constant opportunities of returning at the expira tion of their apprenticeship as servants to families, but very few of them ever expressed any desire of re turning. He then alluded to the circumstance of Crokcr never basing made any inquiry after her child for three years ; and in pronf of the confidence reposed by other parishes in the Children's Friend Society, he read a list of the subscriptions of the different parishes to that Society. Mr. GovErs asked hos the Guardians could justify their. conduct in the case of the woman Callaghan? If the work house were to be thus made a receptacle to which husbands might send their wives on every disagreement, he doubted not they would lr.ve numerous applicants. As the Guardians had discovered a meats of geitirg rid of the children by sending them to the Cape of Good Hope, he suggested that they should sending them to Ne w Zealand.rid of the old people by Mr. Churchwarden CUFF corroborated the state ments of Nlr. Simpson, as to the case of Cal lsgliao. Ai to the case cf Rickey, although he had resided in the parish some years, lie had never acquired any settlement ; and although he had received occasional relief I)(2E:re, yet when it became probable that he would la, come a permanent burden, it was the duty of the Guardians to cause him to be removed. With rcspect to what occurred during the removal, for that the Guardians were not responsible, as he was removed by the county. As to the wife, her settlement must follow her hush and. It v:as said to be very inhuman in the Guardians to send this man all the way to Cork, but it was very humane in the Ma) or of Cork to send him all the way back again instead of send ing him on to Limerick. Mr. Pwamert objected - strc.ngly to tr..nsporting the children to the Cape of Good Hope. Mr. Churchwarden STAUNTON said, if the Guardians had not removed Hickey they would have had the woik house crowded with pauprs belong - to other parishes. His wife had never been a parishioner of St. Martin's, and within four years after their marriage they had applied for relief The question of settlement had been decided in a similar. case by the Judges in the Exchequer Chamber, when it had been determined that the English wif of a Scotch or Irish pauper must be removed, with her husband and the children also, unless they have subsequently gained a set tlement. The fact was, the Magistrates nod the Lord Mayor were sore at their loss of that power of which they had been most properly deprived by the New Poor-law Act, and which they Lad always used for the purpose of embarassing the parish nuthori;k.s, arid therefore they took every opportunity of showing their dislike to that measure. Why did not the Magistrates, if they felt such an interest in the subject, get a seat at the Board of Guardians, where they would be enabl:d to procure accurate information. With regard to the hardships of Hickey's case, he would a-k did that gentleman who had employed him fir twenty-four years come forward to assist him in his distress.—(Cries of " Not fair.") The CHAIRMAN.—AIthough that is a question which will naturally suggest itself to the mind of every one, yet I do not see what it has to do with the purpose for which we we are here assembied. Mr. STAUNTON went at some length into the case of Hickey, the pauper removed to Cud: ; if he was not in a fit state to be removed, why, he asked, did tit:, Magistrates sign the pass? — Mr. PRICE, a rate payer, expressed his decided opi nion, that the Guardians had done their duty in re spect to the children sent to Cape Town. He knew that settlement well, having resid,cl there a number of years. It was one of the most virtuous and moral places in the whole world. He had traversed the streets of Cape Town days and days, and nights too, without meeting with a single prostitute, although he would not pretend to say there wrrs none there, as they existed in all places. The children sent there by the Society were treated with the utmost humanity and care. As far as re garded the transportation of the girl, as it was called, it would have been better, perhaps, to have sent to the Cape to ascertain whether she were inclio d to stop or not. Mr. SimrsoN said that had been already done, and she wished to stay. Mr. PRICE was not aware of that, as it had not been o',ll - stated, but he was pretty certain she wou'd not ac cept an offer to return. He proceeded to say, the CJr of Good Hope equalled any portion of Europe. in regard to the salubrity of the climate ; but, as for the " cannibal" part of the case alluded to by a preceding speaker, you must take a journey of 8 or 900 miles before you got amongA the Caffres, who, he supposed were the parties alluded to, and none but the old Dutch settlirs who lived upon the frontiers ever had any dealings with them. The best possible care was taken of the children, many of whom were married to respectable industrious people, as soon as they were of befitting age. If the children were sent to Australia, instead of the Cape, he would be far from ap proving of it, for the whole c :untrv, and Sidney in particu lar, was a mere sink of immorality and vice. Hickey's case, was, in his opinion, a most cruel one, but it was the law, of course, and, therefore, he could say nothing against it. He knew enough of Ireland, however, to knew that it was an act of humanity in the Mayor of Cork to rais e subscription to send him back to England, instead•of corn pelli rg him and his wife to find their way through bogs and rearetes, a distance of 76 miles, to his own parish, where in all pr'bability not a single individual knew him, and where not the slightest r..lief vas to be had. Mr. BAINBRICGE, surgeon, said he thought some decep tion had been practised by Hickey, as at one time he sod he was afTheted with paralysis; if so, symptoms of it would still appear ; but there was nothing of the kind; Hickey was now fat and well. _ _ Mr. Poutsca.v, in a speech evincing much ability, said he had been one of the very first to express dissatisfaction, and therefore he considered it his duty now to say he thought the Guardians completely justified. Ile thought it, however, a very cruel thing that Scotch and Irish paupers were allowed to work here tdl completely worn out, and then were sent home to their OWn country, where there was no provision for them, Ile had a strong feeling that a remedy should be applied to this state of things. In regard to the child Croker, in his opi nion the Guardians acted in the best possible way ; but they ought to have searched out the parent, and had her acquitscence. Mr. Pounce) , concluded by moving the fol. lowing amendment to the original motion :—" That this Vestry having heard very fully a statement of all the cir cumstances attending the two cases referred to in the re quisition by which this meeting was called, are bound to say the thanks of the parish and of the public generally are due to the Beard of Guardians, Er the manly way in which they have fulfilled their duty, by braving the abuse thrown upon them on ex parte statements, by a part of the public press, and for the humane and benevolent attention they have shown to the pauper children entrusted to their charge." Mr. PHILLIPS, in seconding the amendment, said it was a pity the Vestry had been called together on some vague newspaper report, which, if inquired into, would have been found as easily disposed of as it had now been. tic much approved of a notice recently made by the Board to the rate-payers, informing them that •tickets for food were to be had on application to the Board. Ile thought it a very humane proceeding. The CHAIRMAN expressed his satisfaction at the courteous way in which the business of the meeting had proceded. Mr. HUBBARD, one of the rcquisionists, said the amend ment was satisfactory in every respect. Mr. fluDsoN, one of the Guardians, gave some further explanations, in regard to the cases which had been the subjects of discussion; and said that every facility had since been given to all parties concerned. The Guardians were anxious at all times to befrie,;(l the poor, whom they felt to be in most cases utterly destitute. and that the only friends they had was the Board of Guardians. Mr. Wit.as, in reply, defended the language of the re quisition. fie recommended Mr. Pounce)' to withdraw his amendment, with which request that gentleman refused to comply. The amendment was then put and carried by a large majority. The CHAIRSIAN said he had not wished to express any opinion respecting the Board of Gu•irdians before the motion bad passed ; but be had ale aye found they had conducted the affairs of the parish in the most judicious way. It was to be rememberei that they did not make the laws, and were not responsible for them ; their only duty was to administer the laws. lie considered it his duty to make this statement. Mr. SiursoN then moved, and Mr. IlvosoN seconded, a vote of thanks to the Vicar, for his able and impartial conduct in the Chair; which was passed unanimously. The Vestry then adjourned, at half-past one o'clock. rim SUN, LONDON, MONDAY,-EVENING EDITI LAW INTELLIGENCE. ROLL'S II I? 7, 1 7 11 i. 2.3. The M.,ster of the Roils, af:er diTosiiig of the ren-n,in i.i.r petitions, proceeded with motions. CIIAUTErc V. BUTTON. The object of the motion in this case was to restrain the de'endant from wing or working a furnace or gas appa ratus erected by him on the plan or principle of an inven tion, for which letters patert had been granted on the 26th of June, 1823, to a Mr. Whiny. The phlitHas were the assignees of the :avower, and the defendant was a cloth dresser, carrying on business at Leeds. The plaintiff; alleged that the de f endant (fur whose trade it was neces sary that he should have rooms heated at a very high tem perature) had been accus:ormte to heat those rooms by stoves of the old fashion until very recently, is the year 1335 or l t 37, wt.ca he fitted up an apparatus which the plaintiff; coneetved was an imitation, and a piracy of their invention. 'lnc great principle of the invention was to burn coal, or coke,and the gas at the same time, so that no gaseous ntatzer night escape in smoke. Mr. l'EnnEsToN on behalf of the plaintiffs was proceed ing to opeo the case, vihen he was interrupted by Mr. KINDERSLEY, a ho , Who Me. Koc, appeared for the d. famdant. Th.,' Learned Gentleman said there were two questions rai,cd, fist, as to the validity of the patent itself, and, secondly whether the defendant had infringed it ; and submitted whether it would rot be better that the case should at once stand over, in order that the plaicailis might bring an action at law. There were conflicting alli davits, and his LO:alship would not be able to come to a decision without some filthier inquiry. The defendant was using two furnaces only, of the value of 171. each, and if he was now prevented using them, the whole of his works would be put a stop to. Mr. l'imnEnToN observed that if the defendant was allowed quietly to fro on with hi s two stoves, t h ere were hundreds, and perhapsr thousands of persons ;n Leeds who would fullow his example, and thus the plaintiffs would become great sufferers. Lord LAsonALE-L-But probably they will not go on in the face of an action. Aster some further discussion the suggestion of Mr. Kindersley was agreed to, and it was airanged that the action should be tried at the neat Liverpool AgAizs. ATTORNEY•GENERAL U. TILE CORPORATION OF COLCIIE9TER. Mr. BLUNT moved that certain books, doctunents, &c., admitted by the defendants in their ansvter to be in their possession, m'ght be left in the hands of the Clerk in Court. Mr. SPENCE opposed the motion. By the 65th sec tion of the Municipal Corp )ration Act, the Town-clerk was made responsible for all the deeds, charters, books, &c., belonging to the Corporation, and it would be most inconvenient if the possession of them were parted with. The plaintiffs, if they really wished the inspection, might have it to the fullest extent, and fur all use!Ill purposes, in Colchester. The affidavit of the Town-cle!k. Etstcd that references were constantly being made to the books, and that a great many parties would be put to inconve nience if they were brought up to Lontlitn. Mr. BLUNT said—lnformations had been filed against a great number of Corporations, and that it every corpora tion were to be allowed the indulgence asked for in this case, the Attorney-General would have to employ clerks to run about in almost every town in the kingdom.—(A. laugh.) Lord LANGDALE did not think the Municipal Act gave Corporations that prr:tectiun against dt poFiting books, &c. its the hands of the Clerk in Court which Mr. Spencer contended for, but the party had sworn that the booka were constantly wanted for the transaction of ordinary bu siness. If the Attorney- General found it necessary to file so very many informations in relation to charity it atters that he might have occasion to send parti , s to every town in the king darn, he must take measures to meet any diffi culties or inconveniences that mh;ht result therefrom. IN SOLVENT COURT, FEB. 23. BARON DR ARABIT'S CASE This care, the hearing of which excited much interest, came before the Court on Friday, and stood adjourned Over till Saturday, fin• Mr. Bullock, the auctioneer; on which Mr. Nicholls an I Mr. Douse appeared for the oppos ing creditors, viz., Mr. 13urnand, Mr. Holherton, Mr. Paige, and Mr. Probytt, Manager of tire Provincial Branch Bank of England at Exeter. The Baron's d,bts were stated at between 4 0001. and 5,000/. Mr. Burnand, the coachmaker, claimed 3001. ; Messrs. flolberton and Paige, 2001. and upwards for meat, &c. ; and the Branch Bank of England, soul. Mr. Cooke appeared for the insolvent, •:a ho underwent a long cross-ex Imina,tion by Mr. Nicholls. The COMMISSIONER adjourned the case to the 15th if March. Mr. G. Probyn, of the Branch Bank, and Mr. Holben ton, were app&nted assignees. MIDDLESEX AD JOURNED SES SIGNS.-(SATURDAY.) John King was indicted, charged with having wilfully sailed away and left bAind, on an Island in the Southern Ocean, William Spratley, one of the crew belonging to a certain ship, called the Kitty, of which the said John King was master, on the Ist of July, 1837. Mr. PRENDERGA ST stated the case, and said that the de fendant was the master of a ship called the Kitty, which was engaged in the whale-fis"iery. The prosecutor was one of those who had gone out on board, under the usual arrangement for remuneration. The vessel went out in performare of her avocation, to the Southern Ocran, and, after having been absent from England two years, was obliged to put in at the Island of Celebes for water. Whilst off that Island, amongst the diffo-ent parts of it et which the ship touchtd, was Amooran, a place distinguished for the beauty and extent of the bay by which it is ap proached. Off that town the ship remained for some weeks and took in water. Whilst there, the defendant had given the crew leave to go ashore ; and upon one occasion had sent the prosecutor offfor:,ome milk, with whicl he was to return. The prosecutor, had not returned with the milk, but had sent it by one of the crew. There being no other boat scat rshore that afternotn, the prosecutor was unable to return to the ship ; but on the following morning, when a por tion of the crew came for more water, he had offered to assist in the operations, but the tender of his services had been refused by the man who had the command of the boat. He afterwards asked to be taken on board the ship, but the same man had also declined to do that even. At length the ship sat sail ; and, notwithstanding the prose cutor had gone off in a canoe fur the purpose of joining her, the Captain had, although he had seen him with the assistance of his glass, given orders for more sail to he set, so as to get away the more quickly. The prosecutor ultimately reached his native land in any way he could: The Learned Counsel then called The Prosecutor, who went into a long detail of the cir cumstances connected with the voyage, sail—l then asked to b' taken on board the ship, but the steerer ra sused to let me go on board the boat. I subsequently saw the Clotain on shore, but I did not speak to him or ask him to take me on beard the vessel. On the succeeding day I went up the country to procure ebony, and on my return was taken prisoner and stripped by the Malays. As it was getting dark when I was baing stripped, I escaped amongst the branches. Ev en tu a lly I succeeded in making my way to the house of the Commandant, where I was taken into custody and put into the fort. I afterwards saw the Captain, who charged me as being a deserter ; I said, on hearing the charge, that I had not deserted, and demanded on what ground it was that I hail been refused permission to return on board the boat. The Captain, in reply, said, "Tut, tut, come on board." I said, as I was a prisoner at that moment, the Captain could do what he pleased with me : upon which the latter added—'• You may go back to the fort and consider of the matter." I was then conveyed back to the fort by the Corporal; I did not go on board the vessel in the first instance, because my feelings were so much exasperated and outraged at the course of treatment I had received from the Captain. The Jury, after hearing further evidence, returned a verdict of Not Guilty. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. /, A iIIBETILSTREET., Timothy Cotter and John Donavan, two young men, were charged by Mary Anderson, a good-looking mar ried female, about forty years of age, with knocking her down, and attempting to commit a capital offence. The prosecutrix said that her husband had gone to the theatre on Monday night with her children, and that she went to the Gl.)be public-house to borrow a newspaper. and there saw a workmate of her husband's named Ken nedy, with whom she took something to drink. On going home the prisoners stopped her, and after knocking her down, assailed her in the manner complained of. In their defence the prisoners solemnly denied the charge imputed to them ; they said, that seeing very improper conduct on the part of the prosecutrix and Kennedy, who left the pub lie-house with her, they threatened to tell her husband. The prosecutrix no 1 Kennedy seemed much agitated at this assertion on the part of the young men, and the pro secutrix pressed hard for the Magistrates to convict them summarily, but the Bench committed them for trial. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. (LLOYD'S.) CUSTONI.HOUSE, Fee. 23. HAVRE, FEB. 21.—1 t blew a gale last night, during which th e Waverly, from Mobile, 'arrived off h ere yester day, unshipped h er rudder, and was obliged to c ut awa y all her masts. I'ENsAeoLA, FEB. 1 5.—The M'Lellan, Ryan , f rom La guna to C owes, has put in here leaky. - ZOLTKAMP, F EB . 16.—Th e Vrow Engclina , Vlas kamp, fro m here with l oss o f m i zenmast. London to Bridle for Groningen, has put in VESSELS SPOKEN ‘Vail.--The Calecionia, of and from Stockholm, 14th inst by the George and Mary, Go. l'ghtly, ar r i ve d at Portsmouth. GRAVESEND, FEE. 22. Arrived the Swan, from Kertch ; M agora, O dessa; Dove, Hendretta, and Joanna, Gily.:•rdina, Rott er d am ; Wanev, Dnb!in. Feb. 21.—. Sailed the Glasgow, for the Cape of Good Hope ; Minn, Bahia ; Henry Tanner and John,Ccesar, Barbadoes. Feb. 2 0 .—Vibelia, Hobart Tow" ; Andrew Demerara ; Tagm steamer, Lishnn, &c. ; Aide, Gresen, RJtterdam; Eclipse, I , Ostend ; Sally, Boulogne. Jamaica; Hebe, ray, from Havre ; Dove, Galloway, VESSELS ENTERED INWARDS. The John wood , fur ray, Odessa; Swan, Carrington, Kertch ; Blen heim, Spine, Rotterdam. ENTERED OUTWARDS. The Aimwell, Hesse, for the Cape of Good Hope ; Sophie Le Maire, Calais; Bruges, Woodruff, Antvverp;y of Amsterdam ; Nutgara, ~ou,ogne, Time, Boulogne; Wm. Jolliffe. Pashley, Calais ; Britannia, Cheeseman , Hamhurgh ; Vict or i a , Brudon .oitend. CLEARED OUT, WITH CARGO. The Bruges, Woodruff, for Antwerp ; City of Bout o rf n e, Time, Boulogne ; Vim. Jolliffe, P,shly, Calais • SOphie. Maire, Calais ; Pekoe, Cant"; Earl of Clor.eurry , Rotterdam; Jonft,e Joanna,, Bergman. Antwerp ; Victoria, Biudon, Ostsud; J ames C ask i e, Y oung , Bost:m ; Clifton, ON, FEBRUARY 25, k 39 Wenharn, St. Kitt's; Hope, Rains, South Whale Fishery and Timor; Neptune, Bcre, Ostend; Marquis Cam den, Read; Madras, Calcutta, d China, IN BALLAST. —The Iduria, Grmwold, for Danizlc; Ellen, Putter. St. Michael's; Jonge Harm, Schrce'.er, Rotterdam ; Onderocrp, Ki.nigsburg, A HINT TO LANDHOLDERS AND FARMERS. The first and great question which is now agitating the manufacturing , — mechanics, shopkeepers, and labour in e poor, is, how are they to procure bread for them- Selves and their famdies ; and next, the exorbitant de mands that are now made upon them ? Wieit has brought this immense population to the hour of want and misery? is the next question. This is caused, first, by the tithe, which increases with the improvement of the country, as no one can improve waste land without the Tithe Proctor pocketing the whole profits arising from it, thus keeping up a constant bickering between the parson and tenants. The second cause is the cruel policy of laying down the land in permanent pas tures, and allowing it to remain until the whole of the salts and alkalies are extracted from the soil and the surface overrun with poisonous plants and insects, diseasing the stock by bloating them up with actil fat. I have constantly observed that fat animals perish in the extremes of heat and cold. Heat melts the oil, and their bodies run off in a state of fusion. In cold weather the internal heat is not sufficient to prevent the conden sation of the fat, and consumption of the lungs is sure to follow ; and what is worse, the disease is communi cated to the inhabitants. In order to demonstrate the propriety of ploughing up the old grass land and routine cropping the soil, I will point out some remarks from the Agricultural Report for the year 1834, which states that there were 32,000,000 acres of hind under cultivation or capable of being cultivated, 3,250,000 acres were employed in the growth of wheat, the remainder for other crops, 6,000,000 acres of waste land ; but it was stated that it was not advisable to bring the waste lands into a state of cultivation, because it was neces sary to keep up the price of corn. There are 17,000,000 acres of the amount in pasture land. To convince the landholders of the practicability and neces sity of adopting the routine cropping and soil ing or feed.ng the stock with mowing grass, I will point out the various experiments mad in the county of East Lothian under the auspices of Sir John Sinclair, Sir Arthur Young, Mr. Rainey, Dr. Anderson, and others, for the purpose of ascertaining the compa rative merits of routine cropping, soiling, and pasturing husbandry. Ten acres were pastured ; the animals were weiehed before being put in the pasture ; they gained 1921b5. avoirdupois weight per acre per annum of beef and mutton. Upon the supposition that, a healthy person requires one pound and a-half per day to support him, this would be consumed in 128 days. Cattle and sheep soiled in the produce of an acre of ground yield 400Ibs. of beef and mutton, which would maintain double the number of men that pas turing would ; and soiling is a more cleanly way of feeding stock. In Belgium the process of soiling is gene rally adopted, and their butcher-meat and butter is infinitely superior to ours, and more than double the quantity raised from the same surface of land ; if this land were converted into tillage, three or four times the num ber might be fed on its produce, as will appear from the following calculation then made by three different farm ers. The corn raised on such land was 48 Winchester bushels per acre, which was considered a low estimate. When we deduct four bushels for seed, six bushels for labour and horse feed, allowing the average weight to be 4001bs. per quarter, it gives 19,000 lbs. weight of bread corn for the use of the people. When we estimate that one-fourth of.the quantity goes for bran, pollard, and waste in the manufactory, the remainder amounts to 1,4251b5. weight of flour or meal, to be used as bread and other purposes, which, at z lbs. per bead, will sup ply food for 475 people for one day, instead of 128. The comparison would he more striking were it ex tended to potatoes and other esculents, which of course would form a part of every rotation; were convertible hus bandry introduced. None but those who have tried it can be sensible of the vast improvement made by routine cropping. If two millions of acres of old til lage land were sown down, and the like extent of old pasture land broken up, an additional supply of not less than four million stones of beef and mutton would thereby be thrown into the market ; in short, were al ternate husbandry generally exercised in Britain, two millions of people might be advantageously employed iu bringing the soil to a proper state of cultivation, and have the resources of the country calle I into acC.on, that are scattered over the kingdoms of England and Scotland, and particularly Ireland, so admi rably calculated to rectify the worn out soil. Provi sions might be obtained to supply our hundreds of tail lions of people, however chimerical it may appear to the eyes of landlords and farmers. I will appeal to the Jews while under the Theocracy, the Romans while under the Commonwealth, and to the county of East Lothian in Scotland, as a proof of the view NEW YORK, JAN. 30.—A gale of win?, acccmpani, d with wind from the south, eastward, of ahnost unprece- dented severity, was experienced here on the 26th inst. The Boradino, Chase, from St Marks, at anchor near the Hoop, was compelled to cut away both masts to pre vent he, running on shore, and has since been towed off by the Fulton steamer. The Susquehannah, Bright, from Bordeaux, which ar rived here on the 26th instant, dragged her anchors and drove against the pier, No. 4, in the East River, and re ceived some damage in her stern and bulwarks. The Phillip the First, Kellengton, from Canton, at this port, was struck by a field of ice on the 24th instant, and driven from her fastenings against the Spanish brig, Normen ; carried away_ the bowsprit of the latter, and injured her own quarters. The Laurel, Lunt, from Teneriffe, was obliged to cut away her foremast, to avoid going on shore. The Union, frcm New Orleans to Havre, put back to the former port on the 13th instant, with loss of jib-boom, having been in contact in the Atssissipi with the Olive and Eliza, hence to New Orleans. The latter received no serious injury. The P;udent, Richter, from Elsinore to this port, put into St. Thomas's about the IGth instant, in di s tre s s. _ _ The Daniel, M. Smith, from Savannah fur this port, was on shore at Squam Beach, vessel and cargo expected to b.! saved, but considerably damaged. A large hermaphrodill brig went on shore on Great Kiln Flats, Staten Island. The William Cullerton, from St. John's, Newfoundland to Halifax, put into Liverpool, N. S., on the sth instant' leaky and rang discharge. GLASGOW, FEB. 23.—The Larclash, Nicholson, from hence to Londonderry to the Orkneys, was totally lest on the 6th instant at Ardberg, Island of Islay. Crew saved. ABERDEEN, FEB. 19.—The Caroline, from Petershcad to Carron, which was on shore at Donmouth on the 13th instant, was got off on the 17th, after discharging her cargo, and towed into this harbour with trifling damage. SHIELDS, Feb. 20.—Four handspikes, marked Nautilius, of Newcastle, have been washed on shore at rerschelling. LEITH ROADS, FEB. 20.—1 t blew a heavy gale yesterday from E. to E. N. E. The Thomas Rising, Purdy, from Taragona and Malaga, to this port, in taking the harbour, tailed on a bank, knocked off her rudder, and is now on the mud in the outer harbour. WATERFORD, Fan. I9.—The Blenheim, B.,yden, from Bristol to Newfoundland, has put in here leaky, and with lost of topmasts, bulwarks, &c. put back in lat. 49, lon. 29. THE IRISH. John Flynn, a sturdy and ferocious-looking Irish pisdnt, living is Robert's -court, Charles -street, Hampstead-road, was charged at Marylebone police-cffice with having threatened the life of another fine pisant, named Patrick Nl‘Kenny, of the same place. The complainant stated that the prisoner burst into his room on Suaday night in a desperate rage, and swore be would slay him on the spot, without giving him the least time to prepare. Mr. ItawLlNsoN—Slay you on the spot; that is sharp practice. Complainuit—Be the powers and he meant it too, for he crassed himself, and took his solid oath to it. By what miracle then did you escape ?—Bekase his con science pricked him. I-low was that?—My wife, seeing I was going to he so soon kilt, says to the prisoner, "Jack Flynn, is it yourself thdt manes all this ; you've bate one man to death already, and can't you be after being satisfied without murthering me husband, and leaving me a widdy in the wide world, with a lot of childer for yourself to keep, bad luck to you now ?" And with that he wint away as mild as buttermilk ; hut I'm still afraid of him, your Honour, he's such *despe rate one. Mr. RAWLINSON (to the prisoner)—What have you to say? Prisoner (holding out a piece of paper) —Read my karacter, your Honour, my five year karacter. Is it from the Coroner who sat on the body of the man you murdered ?—Just read it, your Honour. Mr. RAWLINSON (reading)—Why, it was written by a man you worked for five years ago, and this is what you call a five years' character, is it? You might have had a very good one then, and a very bad one now. Really you Irish are the queerest, and at the same time the most violent men in . the creation.—( Laughter.) Lord MONTFORD—ft is impossible to match them any where.—( More laughter.) After some further botheration, the Bench decided upon binding both parties over to keep the peace, and snaking them divide the expenses between them. Yesterday /Vary Fitzgibbon, a bouncing, fiery-faced nymph of the " first ge:n of the sea," residing with her husband, a fine pisant, in that hot-bed of botheration and riot, the renowned Calmell- buildings, Oxford street, was charged with having cracked the sconce of Michael Am brose, purveyor of butter, herrings, eggs, bacon, &c. to the fine pisantry. No. 17, in the above buildings. The complainant, on being sworn, stated in a rich br,s,gue, that soon after he had retired to rest on Sunday night, he heard a " slapping," against the shop shutters. He called out " Who's there ?" and a voice auswerei " It's me, get up; I wants a three-farthing red herring and a loaf of bread, and I can't wait a minute." He accordingly lost no time in proceeding down stairs with his red night cap on, just as he was, and having unlocked the door he looked out to see who was there, and received an ugly wipe over the head from the soft end of a broomstick, wielded by the prisoner, who exclaimed, " Take that, you old rascal " The prisoner then ran away, and he pursued her as daceatly as possible, and being without the incumbrance of his clothes he soon overtook her, and gave her in charge. Mr. RawuNsos—Did she owe you any grudge? Com plainant-7-1 carn't say, your amour ; but I've been a rale good friend to her. Prisoner (in a voice of thunder)—And I'll be as good a friend to you. Oh 1 I'll largo you to have the law on me and my babbles, bekase I owed you the likes of a few pal try shillings for dirthy butter and bread. Mr. RAWLINSON (to complainant)—Hovv came you to open the door to her, when you knew you were upon had terms? Complainant—Be St. Patrick, bekase she imi tated the voice of another lady, one of my best cust.mers, so well, that I thought it saust be her and no one else, at all,; at all. Mr. RAWLINSON inquired fpr the constable. Pollard, 125 D, then stood forward. I have taken of the subject. Three-fourths of the soil is worn out, and the exclusive system generally fol lowed is attended with the most pernicious effects to the public health, and most destructive to the public inte rests. One million of our youths ought to be at once drawn from the over populous cities, towns, and vil lages, and planted on the soil as apprentices, to be tiaight the art of farming, and the mechanical arts neces sary to a proper system of rural economy. They would then make fine settlers to send as emigrants. I cannot close this subject without strongly urging the advantages of conjoining live stock and corn, and making them subservient to each other. Were the old pasture lands converted into tillage, an immense quantity of manure would thereby be furnished, for enriching the poorer soils and for ameliorating the old tillage fields before they are laid down with grass seeds, particularly when composted with lime, salt, and new earth. Every three acres of old grass land broken up would furnish dung for one acre a-year, consequent ly the plotighing up of a million acres would return dung for 330,000 acres of barren or un productive land per annum for three years. Afterwards, by means of composting the whole of the manure that is laid on, an additional increase of two quarters of grain per acre, and more of green crop;, might reasonably be expected from the manure thus afforded, while the original stock of compost, like money vested at compound interest, would accumulate and increase from year to year, till the country was im proved in the greatest degree which physical circum stances would permit. Last summer I paid considerable attention to the cultivation of the soil, and the crops in the county of Kent, and found the land, with but few exceptions, very foul, and in many situations the grain choked with weeds, with from five to eight blasted grains in each ear. In September, travelling through Middlesex and Hamp shire, I found it in a worse condition: Indeed, the beau tiful county of Hampshire, the yearly rental of which is only twelve shillings an acre, in the lower parts very much resembles the 'soil of Holland, and wants only the perseverance and industry of Dutchmen, to make it superior. The county possesses more materials for its own rectification than Holland ; and I have no doubt but that Holland raises more produce than the four counties round London. _ For besides pro- Mr. RAWLINSON—You had the bad luck to be on duty in Calmell-buildings that night. What did you sce ? Pollard—l saw the complainant pop his red night-cap out, and draw it in pretty quick, on receiving the blow. What sort of a character does the prisoner bear ?—The worst-in all the buildings. If the Lest is bad, why the worst must deserve hanging? —They are a shocking set, indeed, your Worship. The prisoner, who slid that the complainant first called her an excommunicated lady of easy virtue, was fined 103. ; and she left the office swearing vengeance. SOCIETY FOR RELIEF OF MARI NERS AND FISHERMEN, OR THEIR WIDOWS AND ORPHANS. Thursday last a public meeting was held at the Lon don Tavern, to form a Society for the relief of ship wrecked mariners and fishermen, their widows and orphans. The Right Honourable Sir G. Cockburn, G.C.8., in the chair. Admirals Hawker, Oliver, Sir E. Parry, and Maitland ; Colonels bolt and Robinson ; Captains Smith and Brenton ; Sir Francis Ommanney, Messrs. J. Ebenezer, Saunders, jun., Wilson, and se veral other influential individuals were present. The gallant Chairman briefly stated the objects of the so ciety, which are to giant shelter and assistance to sh;p wrecked mariners and fishermen, and, in case of their deaths,.to extend the same assistance to their widows arid orphans. In order that all classes may join the Society, subscriptions of two shillings and sixpence will be- accepted. The Chairman made a strong and effect ive appeal on behalf of the poor fellows for whose be nefit the Society is intended. Admiral Oliver, Captain Brenton, Colonel Rolt, Captain Sir E. Parry, Admiral Hawker, and Drs. Domville and Carpue, insisted with great earnestness on the many claims which mariners have on British sympathy, and moved a series of resolutions to that effect. Sir G. Cockburn was elected President, John Deacon, Esq., Treasurer, and Mr. Webb, Secretary._ the following gentlemen were nominated the Ma naging Committee :—Colonel Ro;t, Sir F. Om:nannev, Admiral Sir I. Brenton, Captains Sir E. Parry, E. I'. Brenton, Hope, M. Smith, Jenkins Jones, S. W. Roberts, and Hon. F. Maude, J. E. Saunder 3, Jun., D. Rye, and J. Deacon, Esq. Mr. SAUNDERS, Jun., on mosing a vote of thanks to the Chairman, stated that since August last upwards of 140 seamen had been picked up at sea by smacks from Barking, Greenwich, and Gravesend, and that on a very recent occasion 4 men went out in a boat to relieve a vessel in distress, when the latter swamped, and three out of the four men sunk to rise no more. The Committee will meet this day (Monday) to adopt measures for the formation of a fund that will en able them to grant immediate assistance if circumstances should require it. ---- - Alarming reports prevailed yesterday afternoon respecting the health of the Dukc of Wellington. It was cottlidently stated that his Grace bad bee❑ seized with a sudden attack, and that no less than three physicians had been summoned to attend him. Upon inquiry at Apsley-house we ascertained with more than ordinary pleasure, that there sacs no foundation for the reports in question. We under stand, however, from other sources, that the Duke is suf fering from an attack of lumbago, and that, although he yesterday transacted business as usual, he occasionally complained of pain in the back, and of stiffness in one of his knees. —Observer. We learn from the Flemingsburgh Kentuckian, that a few days ago, a Mr. Hampion, of Mason county, an habitual drunkard, hung his own son, a boy about I 2 years old, for accidentally breaking a jug of rum.—Ante rican Paper. CONVERSIONS TO THE CATIIOLIC FAITH. —James Wheble, of Wood!ey Lodge, late High Sheriff of Berkshire, in a letter to the editor of the Reading Mercury, reckons the slumber of conversions to the Catho'ic faith in England, to be about 2,000 annually. Within the last few months, Dr. Walsh, Bishop of the Mid!and District, has confirmed 692 converts in the Eastern Counties. Among other converts, Frederick Lucas, Esq., of the Middle Temple, barister.at-law, has abjured the tenets the Society of Friends, and embraced the Catholic Faith.— Cathuiic Ma. gazine. The Duke of Leeds, on Tuesday, sat for the first time in Parflarnont after th 2 death of his father, and took the oaths and his seat in the House of Lords. clueing food for nearly three millions of people they ex. port from three to three and a-half millions sterling a year of butter and cheese, besides flax and garden seeds, and other productions of the soil to a great amount. Let our landlords do likewise, there would then be no cause of complaint, but abundance for man and beast. I also went through the shires of Surrey, Bucking ham, Northampton, Rutland, and Lincoln, in the fall, when they were ploughing the fields, which were in general fiiled with couch-grass and all man ner of weeds, and the few old pasture fields that were ploughed exceeded all description—the soil was so matted together, that you might lift tne furrow and hang it up by the yard. I often wished to have some good agri culturist with me to enjoy a laugh, and yet at every town I came to, there were strong, able-bodied men by the score doing nothing. In order to give the nation some idea of the destructive policy pursued, with but few exceptions, as regards the 17,000,000 acres of grass pasture, I will subjoin a few remarks. A large portion of dung is spread over the land every spring in addition to the dung which is dropped over the fields by the large coarse grass grained animals. It was plain to be seen, that their food was in a half digested state, as half the sugar and gluten might be found in the dung. Tne animals are thus bloated up with literally eating their own dung, and if they were not killed to prevent them dying a natural death, they would in a few months die of the rot. The fat animals are enough to turn the stomach of the strongest man. Three times the weight orbeef and mutton might he fed with animals one-half the size which they were 50 years ago, when the supe rior beef of old England was unequalled in any country. But one of the greatest evils arising from this mode of farming is, that the soil becomes so caked by the ani mals treading over it, that the surface is like brick, and so hardened, that the roots of good grass cannot expand ; the sun shining on the hardened surface, like a mirror, at once burns the grass, and leaves nothing but moss to shelter the strong-rooted, poisonous, useless plants, such as buttercups, docks, thistles, plantain, yarrow, broom, and every species of sour grass, bloating the ani mals with the most noxious oils, so destructive to the health of the inhabitants. Nothing better proves the bad agricultural policy generally pursued in this kingdom than the multiplying of the doctors. The Jews under the Theocracy, and for some time under their Kings, had no doctors : when Moses delivered the laws of agri culture he told them, as long as they obeyed they would have perfect health ; he made no provision for a doctor. The Romans, under the Commonwealth, had not a doctor, as they banished disease and doctors at the same time ; and so long as they pursued a sound agricultural policy, they kept themselves free from the assaults of disease. Having observed the various opinions on both sides of the momentous question, the Corn-laws, I have not seen one who has pointed out the chief source from whence the national calamity springs, either physi cally, morally, or politically, and therefore I have endea voured to point it out, being sure that if acted upon happy results are certain to follow. One of the great motives to induce landlords to follow my advice is the bad policy of sending out . ernigrants, who can do no: hint; to make themselves comfortable in any country, an d are a dead weight in society ; whereas, had they been trained up to the above professsions, they would have been settled in the most easy circumstances in two or three veers, with their comforts yearly iecreasing. I i„ 0 „. 0 seen thousands who came as settlers to the United • v ° States and Canada, with considerable sums of moll° spend the whole in a few years by b e i ng i m pose dui by servants and specu l ators for want of theabovelco.°"ea ledp. When I went to America in 1794, i° lll , oo , the St. Andrew and Caledonian Soc ieties, and ble::01 of an inquiring tniz:el, and from the ear nest el dn, wall I received from Mr. Roscoe of Liverpool, to tyd the rite and progress of the Republic, pb)s'clib, megally, and politically, and more particularY " character and conduct of the emigrants , I found tew'__ the great bulk of both societies had raised th.ar_n serves by their own industry to the high rank they i°llB. and now hold in t,ociety. I found them risen of the big to est moral integrity ; they then thought honesty was„ ! ,, best policy, and most rigidly adhered to he r dictates- 11:_a impulse they gave to trade, commerce , agriculture, 8.°,1 horticulture was rapid beyond anything known io,t_a history of man. I was solicited by Mr. Madde-tbe t PtesAent) and Do Witt, Clinton, Governor ° f !!. State of New York, to give lectures on botany' l'nrrh culture, and agriculture, which I did for three Ye a . ; from 1815 to 1819, to the farmers' sons and daughtr teaching them the three above branches, which im , ce vernor Clinton declared had given the greatest imPii; to agriculture that had hitherto taken place lo is , t United States ; that the State of New Yor a . " particular had more than doubled its Pr ° "l o , in less than seven years, and was m ore _ debted to Scotchmen for her greatness than to all ° ther e nations put together. The active life I led 53 '4 me every opportunity of investigating the c haracter e the emigrants ; the whole of us we re of Pi working classes, our prosperity soon spre ad abroa d ' and we were soon inundated with College-bred lan stock-jobbers, lawyers, doctors, and all manner ° thieves and infidels from every country in which had nearly laid the whole virtuous su p erstrr ture we had raised in ruins. I am happy to h ear that tlian virtuous seed that was first sown is now be aring d°w., the torrent of vice that for fifteen years h ad scourr. that fine country. I hope 'the landlords will ac t on scourge advice I have given, and send out intelligent, virtuouser settlers to New South Wales, as well as to a ll our oth colonies ; they will contribute largely to the c omfort all classes in the parent country. Had agriculture PI gressed in proportion to the commerce, mechanics, on., manufacturing arts, we should have been the roO" happy and independent nation on earth. I ne ver con : sidered the corn-protecting duties in any other li g ht thau Europe , as a pension fund to support a bad system of ag ricult ure ; If the Corn-laws were repealed, we might be ena ble ' to export, after supplying the home consumPti°l4 home produce in the manufactured state , such abutter'r' meal, pearl barley, garden grain, and grass seeds ; cheese, beef, and pork ; ale, porter, and spirit s, fron3 te.P to fourteen millions sterling a year. When the soil,L sufficiently rectified to produce the above a rticles of trt best quality, in seasons of great plenty t here our er to be stores all over the kingdom to lay it up up the lock and key of Government, and nev er trust to the chapter of accidents with the immense Pnr . lotion we now posssess, and which is still increasing t The Queen ought to take for taxes to the amouo at of at least 150 million bushels of grain, the old WI mightbe sold out yearly to a profit, and an equal quantitY °I) new might be laid up, which would benefit the public healt is i and contribute to reduce the National Debt. I t T from : he purest motives I have taken up my Pen Op from occasion, the object being for the public e a Since writing the above I was requested to give ° '' opinion as to the best mode of raising the 150,0 00 ' bushels of grain. For instance , suppose one millio ! ! the youths taken from the cottages and surplus poP.'"; tion of the country : let them be bound as apprentice to the farmers, from the age of sixteen to twentr one, to be taught reading and writing at even i l schools, the theory and practice of horticulture an d a°‘ riculture, and the rural mechanical art in all its br anches' The young women to be taught the dairy and farm' on the most improved principles, the art of cookery' all manner of housekeeping, so as to make good Berl/Silt° and housewives ; and the most strict attention to 15,e, paid to their general and moral education ; to be bound under the authority of the Queen ; for whieb the farmers would contract to deliver into her Mlkiest_ i i stores in each county, a quarter of wheat for each as e apprentice per annum, and four bushels for each fernain until they arrive at the age of 21, when they svowil make robust settlers to send abroad ; the (Pe!! would be constantly selling to the public old g ra" at a profit, and laying in an equal . quantity of oe` g every year, except in years of scarcity, when the whole; 1' or such a part as the public might require, might b e 50 at a fixed price, and by that means considerably redu ce tbe National Debt. Every person is fully worth a quar ter of wheat yearly ; and, under this system, they would sOOO convert the kingdom into a field which the Lord would bless. Is it is now, for the must part, under the &i ne displeasure, and if something be not resorted to to r eellifi l the soil, the whole kingdom will soon be involved r one fatal physical calamity, which may God , in lin mercy, prevent. CHARLES WHITLAVV . 80, Argyll street, Regent-street. PITY THE POOR FARMERS AND OPPRESSED LANDLORDS! TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SIR.—So much is every thy said and written by our Tory landlords and their tools of the "poor fir' mers," that I fear some of them begin actually t° believe some of their own stories. I happen to knout some little of the bad crops and bid times in this part of the country, and allow that upon the whole, t he wheat crop was not quite an average one, but th e oat and barley far exceeded one ; such crops had not been known before for fifty years, all the other crops were good, and it is notorious that some farmers wil l ' after paing a ll ex p enses , ma k e a c l ear p ro fit this yearequal to five times the amount of their rent • and this not from their rents, being low, f or they are quite the contrary, but from the ex cessive high price at which all their produce sells. And how is it with their men ? Are they equa lly bene fited ? Far from it, they can scarcely obtain cortmon, necessaries—p oor wre t c h es w ith 9 s . o nly per week, and bread at famine price. Our shops are never visited by, them now—m anu f ac t ure d ar ti c l es o f a ll sorts are out of their reach. The labourer and the manufacturer suffer together, not from a high price occasioned by a scarcity, but a monopoly protected by the Devil's laws, and to which we shall always be subject while they exist, for our rick-yards are full of ricks of corn. Potatoes were bought up or kept back in the same way as the corn, to increase the price, and a great cry made of the shortness of the crop ; but the murder is out, their time is come , and they must soon be sold at what they will fetch. There is no keeping them till another year, and the price comes down accordingly. I am, Sir, yours very truly, Newport, Feb. 22. A PRODUCER. Bell's Life in London and Sporting Chronicle, of Sunday, March 3, will contain ample details of the Grand National Steeple Chase at Liverpool, and full and correct particulars of the Great Waterloo Coursing Meeting: al.o, the Bath Steeple Chase of Friday March 1 ; all of which will be written exclusively by the gentlemen en" gaged on the establishment of this Journal. The price of Bell's Life in London is sd. Published regularly in time to sen-loff by the two o'clock Saturday afternoon Birming ham R rilway. The sale of Bell's Life in London exceeds tnenty thousand copies, and is the most desirable channe l for advertisements relative to sporting matters. At Covent-garden a new play (said to be E. L. Bulwer's Richelieu); a new grand . opera, by Rooke ; new dramatic romance ; and a revived historical play, by Shakspeare, are advertised, and may be said to be in active preparation. Jerrold has also a c.,medy, called the Spend thrift, in readiness, whenever it is wanted. =mom r .-"''' - ----------- LADIES' BEST GOLD CHAINS , The weight is given by comparison with the weight of Sove reigns, being more easily referred to than if stated in ounces and dwts The quality of the gold is warranted equal to any that is worked into articles of this description. Price of the Cable Pattern, or Matted Ring Pattern. Es. d. Xs. d• Same weight as 3 sovs.. 4 4 0 Same weight as 6 soya.. 7 7 " Ditto as 4 sows.. 5 1 0 Ditto as 7 sows.. 8 8 (1 ‘ Ditto as 5 sows.. 6 6 0 Ditto as 8 sovs.. 9 9 t' The following Patterns are One Guinea dearer than the above, lout cannot be made lighter than the weight of Sil Sovereigns : The Cage Pattern. The Chinese Pattern. I The Ring and Bar Pattern. The Victoria Pattern. THE NEW FLAT GOLD WATCHES. The price in gold cases, with vertical movements £7 7 0 Ditto, with well-finished horizontal movement, in double-bottomed engine-turned case, jewelled, silver dial, warranted 9 9 0 'l'. COX SAVORY'S, Watchmaker, Silversmith, and Jeweller, 47, Cornhill, London (Seven Doors from Gracechurch-street.) N.B. The Horizontal Construction is particularly recom mended for its superior accuracy. LHU:IIS. At Penzance ; on Wednesday,tilelady, of John T. Millett, Esq„ surgeon, of a son. On the 10th inst.. at Antony Vicarage, the lady of the Rev. Edward Fursdon, of a daughter. - - - - y On the 2lst inst., at Blackheath-park, the lady of the Res.• S. Prosser, of a daughter. On the 23d inst., in Hans-place, Sloane•street, the lady of J. Wakeman Long, Esq., of a daughter. On th^ 23d inst., at Campsbourne-lodge, Hornsey, the lady of Benjamin Laurence, Esq., of a son. MARRIED. On the 21st inst., at St. Lawrence's Church, Mr. George Ball, of Reading, to Miss Bulley, of the same place. DIED On Friday. the 22d inst., to the great grief of his numerous family and friends, aged 62, William Baron, for thirty-one years the respected host of the I3lack Iloy Inn, Chelmsford , Essex, and a liveryman of the Vintner,' Company. Ide was an affectionate husband, au indulgent and liberal father , and an hones': man. On the 22(1 inst., at Hosina u , Ratchet, the residence of her son, Mrs. Elizalictli Jarm an, relict of the late Mr. Ch axl" Jarman, of Winds'n.,.aged 78. • t of -On die 7th inst., at N ewcas tl e - upon 'Ty n e, Ellen, T.( hi, Captain Hemming, late of her Majesty's 4th Regiment. On the 23(1 inst., at his house in the Camberwell New-road, Mary, the wife of Mr. R. Smith assessor of stare-coach duties. On the 22d i ns t., M rs . J. P. Larrodcr, of Daston-rise 'Ander: ! Printed and PubliThed by N11 . 7111)0 YOU'S (1 9 No. 112, strand, at The ;No. 112, Strand, in the eounty of Nliddltegel.—Monday, February 25. 1639. EXETEIt.-WEDNESDAY. We have had a Pro-Corn-law meeting here, which has just closed, at two o'clock am. As the mail starts almost immediately. I have only time to give you a brief note of the proceedings and the origin of the meeting, merely pre mising that your friends, the Cbartists, are absolute wags, for they broke into our meeting with an attempt to oppose the corn-growers and cheaper bread—in the North, I be. lieve, they support the corn-growers and the dear loaf. The agriculturists of Devon are mostly united in an attempt to uphold the present Corn-laws, in which they are generally supported by the superior class of traders, who depend very much upon the agricultural community for their subsistence, and who are now experiencing the fruits of the comfortable state of things which the farmers at present enjoy. It was thought advisable to call a county meeting in support of the Corn-laws, but this was aban doned, from a dread that the Exeter ,artizais would out number the agriculturists ; so it was determined that a meet ing s hould be held in the Corn Exchange to day, ohich being Fair day would ensure a full attendance of yeomanry and others. Accordingly the meeting took place. Sir T. T. F. E. DRAKE, Bart., was called to the chair. He briefly opened the business by stating the object of the meeting, and expressing a belief that the Corn-laws had ex isted for centuries. BALDWIN FULFORD, jun., Esq., then proposed a reso lution, approving of the present system, which he pre faced by an ab!e review of the arguments put forth by the landlords, contending that the manufacturers were but a minority, and that the agticulturists ought not to have their interests sacrificed to their imaginary comenience, for he denied that the repeal of the Corn-laws would serve even the views of the manufacturer, who would ruin the home market. S. T. Kekewieb, Esq., Mr. Trood, L. W. Buck, Esq , 11. Northcote, Esq., and J. Garrett, Esq., formerly Lord Mayor of London, but now a Tory 'Squire, also addressed the meeting, when a petition was adopted, &c., praying the continuance of the present law. Mr. KEKEWICH spoke with great spirit and effect, but there was nothing new in his arguments. About one o'clock a Chartist party appeared at the meeting—the first that has shown at any public meeting in Exeter. They interrupted the business with " Three cheers for a cheap loaf," " Three cheers for Fcargus O'Connor," " Three cheers for Stephens, the Poor Man's Friend ;" and they kept up their cheering in vary success ful style, to the great annoyance of the agriculturists, who, ho.vever, carried their petitions, resolutions, &-c., by an overwhelming majority. About 300 persons were present. The muster of the agriculturists was very influential. An interesting case of breach of promise of marriage is forthcoming at our ensuing asiizes fur this county ; the parties concerned in which are well known in the neighbourhood of Marlborough. In truth, the recent marriage of one of the principals, a rzsident in that town, is the proximate cause of bringing the transaction before the public. The damages are laid at no inconsiderabla sum.—Devizes Gazette. Fox COVERT ASSOCIATION.—Thursday week, a number of gentleman, resident in York and the neighbourhood, dined together at the Black Swan Hotel, P. B. Thompson, Esq., ill the chair, and George Lloyd, ESq., in the vice chair. —Amongst the company were,. H. S. Thompson, Esq , R. Gilbert, Esq.. H. Max ! well, Esq , Col. Thompson, E. Hodgson, Esq., N. E. Vaughan, Esq., &e. &c. An association was formed for the purpose of form ing additional fox coverts within a distance of fifteen miles of that city. Several resolutions, in accordance with this object, were passed, and a committee was appointed to carry them into effect. About 3004 were subscribed on the occasion, for the purpose of forming the coverts, and annual subscriptions to the amount of 100/. were received. The evening was sp:nt with the greatest conviviality. We have been favoured with the sight of a le:ter front Demefari ef si late date, which states that the Christmas holy . days i ad been observed by the nezioes with the usual festivity, and they were again quietly settling down to work.—Bristol Gazette. CO ., TR. °EPA' H E th e UNIT LAND March riex such Nis, bistribui Glue, and No Ten of Treaty, Agent for i min T, lon alt. ar for those for G r evonsibl e sou tencleri the Contra, qn th,, . a u I I'EFFI QT 1 lip r ill 1 2/ t,at Tr 4 'qer, ;r1 Dater! th Of T N