The Sun. — London, England, 1844-08-27 00:00:00

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. nom THE EVENING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY. GLOBE.—On Friday we communicated the grati fying intelligence that her Majesty contemplates an early visit to her Irish subjects. We added, upon the same well-informed authority, that in the event of the decision of the House of Lords being against the defendants, and the judgment on which they are incarcerated consequently affirmed, that the Royal visit would be deemed a fit opportunity for extend ing to them the clemency of the Crown, by a remis sion of the portion of the sentence then unfulfilled. We are gratified to find that similar information to that we communicated has been received in Dublin, -where it is regarded as true. The anticipated release of O'Connell and his co-agitators is, of course, a sub iect on which the Irish journals express themselves an terms of praise or blame, accordingly as the poli tical party to which they are respectively attached are favourable to coercion or conciliation. The -Evening Mail deprecates any such act of clemency ; and positively raves, in maniac phrase, at the bare idea of such a course. To release O'Connell by an act of royal grace and favour, would, in the opinion of this consistent organ of Orangeism, be fraught with the most calamitous consequences to Ireland. The royal prerogative of mercy would be prostituted— the Q ueen s royal title and dignity would be dis honoured—the public peace would be perilled—and the interests of Protestantism be injured, if not de• stroyed !—The Repeal journals are equally disap pointed at the prospect of this heavy blow and great dliscouragement to agitation. The release of O'Connell, by an act of the royal will, would go far to neutralise the virus of disaffection. The generous spirit of the Irish people would recog nise in the Queen the deliverer of the most popular of her subjects in that part of her do minions. The law having decided that the proceed ings of the Association were illegal, the dissolution of the repeal confederacy would follow. Gratitude for an act so signally appropriate in connexion with the royal visit to Ireland, would effect more than a hun dred proclamations would be able to secure. The mandate of authority may compel a temporary external obedience. The impulse of generous feeling not merely prompts to an abandonment of acts which the law threatens with punishment. It tenders the loyalty of the heart, and is a better security for obedience than fear, though fear be produced by the presence of an armed host. Such, we believe, would be the result of this well timed act of conciliation. At all events it is worth trying. If it succeed, the recollection of it will be sweet. It will be " twice bless'd" the do nor and the recipients would, in their relative posi tions, be advantaged by the deed. The Times adopts a similar view, and recommends the course as one well calculated to strengthen the public safety by conciliating the people :—" After the Judges have delivered judgment, and affirmed the conviction of the conspirators, her Majesty's royal clemency will then, it is said, exert itself; and the royal visit be a signal for their release. This course seems a digni fied and consistent one. The majesty of the law has been vindicated by the conviction of the prisoners, and by the temporary confinement they have had. The meetings are suppressed, and Ireland is tranquil. A continuance of the imprisonment would have the appearance of vindictiveness rather than of justice ; while the generous release of the Irish leaders will cripple their powers afterwards, and put them so much the more in the wrong in case of any future outbreak." STANDARD.—Our anticipation of the effect that would be produced in France by the Tangiers corre • spondence of a morning Contemporary, has been fully verified, and our impression of the fallacy of the statements which it contained, as completely con firmed. The Paris journals received this morning comment, almost without an exception, in terms of natural indignation upon those letters, and the re marks by which public attention was directed to them. "If the writers," says the Journal des Debats, " had confined themselves to criticis ing the operations of the French squadron, the orders of the admiral, the manoeuvres of the ships, or the inaccuracy of their gunnery, there might have been permitted so inoffensive a gratification of their ill-humour; but to accuse a French Admiral, French officers, an l in fact, the French navy, of cowardice, was, indeed, contempti tible." De!)ati asserts with justice that neither the British Government, nor a very great majority of the British people, have the slightest sympathy ith the authors of such mischievous attacks. Indeed, the anxiety displayed by a large and respectable portion- of the British press to disclaim the slightest participation in such attacks has 'been received as evidence how much they have been condemned in this country. Several of our Paris Contemporaries, judging from the style of the letters, appear to have inferred that they were not writrten by naval officers. The use of the editorial plural personal pronoun by one, and the designation by another of his letter as his " article," would cer tainly appear to have favoured such a conclusion. The confusion between the language of naval and military men supplied an additional argument against their authenticity; for although the im pression conveyed by the words " another officer," prefixed to a communication which is immediately preceded by a letter headed " From a Naval Officer," would imply that the whole of the letters were from officers of that arm of the service, such is not pre tended to have been the fact ; and however erroneous our belief, arising from the internal evidence supplied by their style, that they were of home production, we were not far wrong in assuming that they were not the productions of sailors. The Journal des Debuts publishes a letter from a French naval officer, which affirms that " the ignorance of naval manoeuvres in these letters" forbids the belief that they were written by naval officers, so that we were not singular in our opinion on the subject. All that now can be said is, that they must have been the productions of very . young officers, whether naval or military ; or their authors would have known their duty beiefer than to have given cir culation to representations which, setting aside the insulting language in which they are couched, are in all important particulars unfounded. One of the charges brought against the Prince de Joinville in these letters is, that he was deficient in daring in not having advanced nearer the town than 800 yards. The letter of the French officer, to which we have already referred, states a fact that fully confirms the opinion we expressed on Wed nesday last, and which must have been, or ought to have been known to every officer, military or naval, connected with the British squadron. Previously to taking up his position, the Prince had had the channel for his ships carefully buoyed out, in order that he might place them as close to the works as the depth of water would allow ; when it was discovered that it was impossible for them to take up their position nearer than some 800 yards. The flag-ship, indeed, is said to have had only five feet water beneath her keel during the bombardment ! That this sta tion, however, was sufficiently close to be one of considerable danger, may be gathered from the fact, confessed by the " Naval Officer" of the Times, that the Sufiren received fifty cannon shots in her hull ; and surely the deliberation with which the squadron took its station, in the face of an enemy who, according to these authorities, might have destroyed the greater part of it during the opera tion, would, if shown to be imprudent, reflect any thing but discredit on the boldness of the move ment. The fact appears to have been, that the Moors permitted the French ships to take up their position unmolested, in the belief that the shallow ness of the water would protect them from too near an approach. It cannot be doubted that it was the duty of the Prince to profit by this delusion, a blunder which enabled him to bring up his force at }.is leisure. Of what consequence was it that, in exe cuting this manoeuvre, some of the ships may have been placed in a raking position if he was satisfied that the enemy had no intention of firing upon them, lest they should divert him from the difficulty into which they supposed him to be hastening ? So much for the imputations on the daring and nautical experience of the French Admiral. Equally unfounded would seem to be the account of these green-eyed " naval t rne 5 1 " of the ineffectiveness of the French fire. The fortifications of Tangiers, instead of being, as was affirmed, only slightly injured, were, in most instances, reduced - to ruins, and the guns dismounted. The total destruction of the town formed no part of the intentions or instructions of the Prince. MOST DISTRESSING CASE. Two young persons, named Mary Ann and Sarah Ann Ann Johnson, of lady-like manners, and evi dently of superior education, about four months ago engaged an apartment at the house of Mr. Stai . nsbury, No. 27, Charlot te-street West, White Conduit-fields, at the rent of 43. per week. They commenced s mall school, and obtai ned a fe w scholars, butt they were not enabled to support themselves or to pa their rent, and th e y became involved in arrears to the amount of 21. 10s. They were pressed for the money, csr a portion of it, but were unable to answer the de mand, and kept their distressed and starving condi tion a secret until it was discovered by their landlord, who told them if they would leave the lodging he would forgive them the whole of the rent. This, towever, they declined doing. The y oun g er sister, Sarah Ann, ' whose previous system had been wrought upon by grief, want of nourishment, and the anxieties attendant upon the school, fell into a state of con sumption and insanity. Every step she heard she fancied to be a fresh application for rent, and she in dulged in loud exclamations to her sister, such as Here they are; they are coming for the rent." Last Saturday week a noise attracted the attention of Mrs. Ftainsbury, who proceeded up stairs to the young ladies apartment, and found them struggling violently toget a he s r iate Th o e f ' you . nger. sister sprung upon the other in and would ravin madness, pulled and dragged her about,have . choked her had abe not been prevented by timely assistance. It was not until now that the real destitution of the unfortunate creatures was exhibited. Medical aid was called in, and Mr. Kitt, surgeon, of No. 15, Upper Copenhagen-street, and Mr. Duncombe, at tended, but the youngest sister lingered until the fol lowing Monday, when she expired, the doctor having no doubt that she died through want of nourishment. The remains of the deceased lay in the room with the surviving sister (alone) until Friday, when, from their decomposed state, the sister having no friends nor means to bury the body, the landlord applied to the parish authorities. A coffin was sent to the house, and the remains were interred on Monday last in the burial-ground of the Chapel-of-Ease at Hol loway, her sister being the only mourner. The sister has been visited by one or two humane persons, who have afforded her temporary relief. She is a most in telligent person, and states that they were orphans of respectable parents, who came from Dumfries, in Scotland, about ten years since. The parents died and left property, and the sisters lived for some time afterwards at Lewisham, in Kent ; but in their in experience they speculated in building, and were cheated of their money, and reduced to distress. They were often starving. Her sister and herself had re peatedly lived on a penny loaf and cold water, in preference to exposing their distress ; and on being asked if they ever applied to the parish for relief, she said they chose rather to bear their misfortunes than go to the workhouse. They had no friends, and they entered upon a small school, which was too precarious for a livelihood. The unfortunate young lady is still in the house, depending upon casual bounty, and in great grief. THE LAND COMMISSION. THE ORMONDS, AND OWNEY AND ARRA. The Tipperary Vindicator publishes the following evidence of a witness, who, it is stated, has been ac quainted with the above-named baronies for the last forty years, " who is a proprietor in fee, and whose evidence on oath is indisputable." STATE or AGRICULTURE.—The agricultural state is not improving in consequence of the want of proper manure. FARMS.—The effects of improved tillage are an increased demand of labour, but grazing land has di minished that demand. RENT.—AII lands are set by proposal ; and such is the desire to obtain it that tenants will give for land a rent which has been ruinous to former and indus trious tenants. Land is set by the acre, except moun tain and barren lands. There are no particular class of persons usually employed in valuing land. The average rent is about 303. per Irish acre, or 50 per cent. higher than the poor-law valuation. It is usually demanded in about four months after it be comes due, and is paid in some instances by bills. Tenants, in many cases, depend on local usurers to meet their rent or the bills they have given for rent, and after renew these bills at an interest of 20, 30, and 40 per cent., in some cases higher. Rent is re covered by distress or civil bill at a quarter session. In many instances arrears are held over the tenants till a large sum accumulates, which naturally causes the tenant to fear his inability to discharge the amount. If any arrears remain due receipts are only given on account. This creates great misunder standing between landlord and tenant. TENURE.—The greater part of land in the three baronies above-mentioned are held under the owner in fee. Tenants under the court are better circum stanced than those under proprietors, but they have to depend on an uncertain tenure. In most cases tenures are held at will, or for very short terms, with a covenant not to sublet or burn the land. These short tenures prevent the tenants from making any improvements in the lands, such as fencing or ma nuring them properly, tenants considering that any improvement made by them is of benefit only to the landlord. IMPROVEMENTS.—In general the permanent im provement of land is impeded by the lesser of the estate having only a life interest in it. In all cases witness has seen of land held for ever, the improve ment has been greater than in other cases ; nor has witness ever seen tenants for ever implicated in any agrarian outrage. No remuneration is ever given by a landlord to a tenant quitting a farm for any im provements he may have made. If longer leases were given, improvements would speedily be made ; but tenants are at present deterred from making any im provements by the uncertainty of the tenure. TENANT'S RIGHT, OR SALE OP GOODWILL.—Un- Iess in cases where tenants emigrate they have seldom an opportunity of selling their goodwill, but the in coming tenant will Frequently give the ejected tenant a sum of money, to avoid outrage, assassina tion, or the destroying of his stock. This amount is regulated by the number of friends the evicted tenant may have, or his or their character for revenge. A tenant taking land from which another has been evicted without obtaining the goodwill of the evicted tenant, is sure to be annoyed, his property destroyed, and, in many cases, his life taken. CONSOLIDATION or FARMS.—Within the last few years this plan has become very general. It is ac complished by extensive evictions, and its conse quences are dreadful. Landlords are frequently murdered, or bailiffs, or in-coming tenants. In this consolidation of farms agrarian outrages have chiefly originated. It has diminished labour and caused great distress and misery, driving many of the evicted tenants to desperation. SUB-LETTING OR SUB-DIVIDING FARMS.—SiIb - letting is very little practised in these baronies. The new letting on sub-tenants, in these cases where it has had recourse to, is of great service. FARMING POPULATION.—Large farmers with grass lands, are in some cases in a comfortable condition. With tillage lands the contrary is generally the case. Small farmers are generally struggling for a liveli hood; and labourers are in the most wretched state. Wages where employment can be had seldom exceed sixpence per day, without food. Witness knows many families who can get no more than one meal of pota toes and salt a day. The Government Loan Fund is of great service to labourers. The rent on small farms is generally higher than on the larger ones—the rent of small farms is generally paid in cash, and witness believes more punctually than that of large farms. The children of tenants, on the death of their parents, are left to the care of friends, who, in general perform the duties of guar dians, if the farms are left to them. Labourers in the country usually hold cabins with little or no land from farmers, but they usually reside near or in towns, where their condition is miserable in the extreme. In the country the rent is paid by distress or civil bill at quarter sessions. The con-acre system which prevails in some parts, is of infinite service—but for this they would be unable to obtain provisions. Con acre is usually set at 101. per acre, and taken from farmers. In many cases, employment cannot be obtained at any rate of wages. The wages usually given are Bd. per day in summer, and 6d. in winter. Witness has known labourers to go seven or eight miles at four o'clock in the morning, and offer to work the day for 6d. Agrarian outrage in almost every case has arisen from the eviction of tenantry. AGENCIES.--The lands of resident proprietors are in general best managed. The duties of agents con sist in collecting rent, &c. CHARGES ON LAND.—The amount of county cess varies in this county, but is generally about 3s. per acre. It is collected in January and June of each year. The poor-rate varies in each electoral division of the union. In the division of Nenagh it is 15.51 d. in the pound. The amount of poor-rate division is about 7s. 31d. per acre. The landlord allows half the rate in the rent, provided there are no arrears. The rent charge is paid by the tenant ; in cases where he refuses to do so he is evicted. EVICTING FOR NON-TITLE AND. NON-PAYMENT OF RENT.—Witness never knew much sympathy for te nants evicted for non-payment of rent, unless such as paid a rack-rent or arrears accumulated. There is always sympathy for persons turned out for non-title —and this, in witness's opinion, is the cause of agrarian outrage. Lord DEVON—WouId small farmers with farms from four to ten acres be able to pay their rent and support themselves ? Answer—l know of small farmers with four to six acres being more independent than large tillage farm ers ; because farmers of this class will till with ma nual labour, and thus the ground is better tilled and more productive; they also keep two or three pigs in the year, and this enables them to pay their rent. On the contrary, farmers with from twenty to twenty five acres will keep a couple of horses, whose support takes away nearly all the profits, and a great portion of the produce of the farm. Lord DEVON—Do the Catholic clergy assist by ad vice to put down agrarian outrage ? Answer—Yes, always—and but for the advice of the Catholic clergy—the dread of future punishment, and the hope of future reward, I am confident assassi nations would be more frequent. Lord DEVON—How did these outrages originate? Answer—Before the passing of the Emancipation Ant, gentlemen gave leases to a numerous tenantry for the purchase of making them 40s. freeholders, and had frequent intercourse with these tenants for dif ferent purposes ; but since the passing of that Bill, the landlords have consolidated their farms, and driven the smaller farmers to seek employment as labourers when no employment could be obtained. If the landed proprietors e d had such and dper snore grievances intercourse a s lay withn their r r te power,nants, feel confident that the tenants would do all they could to cultivate their friendship. But the rents are chiefly, paid through agents, who, having no in terest in the welfare of the tenantry, do not care, with some honourable exceptions, what becomes of the tenant so that the rent is • papa •-. Now, as the rents are frequently demanded at a. time when the tenant is unable to pay it, from not hizving sold his crops—an eviction takes place, and the tenant is driven out on the world. From the number of these evictions, the tenants look on the landlord with sus , picion—the landlord, on the contrary, equOly fears THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 27, 1844. road, on Saturday evening, when the prisoner told him he was wholly mistaken in the man, for he had no wife, but a friend of the prisoner shortly after came up and addressed him, when the prisoner acknow ledged that he was a widower, and that more than two years ago he had abandoned his three children, without any one to look after them, in a parish in Kent, and that they had been carried to the Maid stone union-house, where they they now were. Hol land said the authorities of the union were so exaspe rated at the prisoner's conduct, that they had offered a reward for his apprehension. The prisoner had also acknowledged, that though he had married his wife in the name of Stevens, that was a false name. The prisoner, in defence, attempted to take advan tage of this circumstance, and contended, on that ground, that the marriage was invalid. Mr. BROUGHTON, however, told him that he was wholly mistaken in this, for as the wife had never known him by any other name than that of Stevens, he could not be allowed to take advantage of his own wrong, and he could assure him that the marriage was perfectly valid. He did not consider that he should be doing his duty, under such aggravated cir cumstances, if he did not sentence the prisoner to a month's imprisonment in the House of Correction, with hard labour, as a rogue and vagabond; and Holland must give the parish authorities in the coun try notice of his apprehension, that he might be also prosecuted by them for abandoning his children. LAMBETH-STREET. Yesterday Saul Fichell, a German Jew, was placed before Mr. Norton, the sitting Magistrate, charged with robbing his employer, Mr. Adolphus Lipman, outfitter, :80, Pearson's-street, Ratcliff-highway, of one gold and nine silver watches, value 35/., under the following heartless circumstances : Mr. Lipman deposed that he had known the pri soner for two years, and as he was a foreigner and of the same persuasion as himself (a Jew), and knowing that he was in great distress, he did all he could to assist him, and gave him occasional relief. He had lost sight of the prisoner for a considerable time, and about a fortnight ago he went in search of him, and found him in a most pitiable plight in the Minories, gaining a precarious subsistence by selling a few trifling articles in the streets; the prisoner was clothed in rags, and nearly half starved. In answer to some questions put to him by Mr. Lipman, the prisoner said he was dreadfully ill, and had just come out of the Jews' Hospital, Mile-end. The prosecutor told the prisoner that if he would promise to be a faithful, honest, and industrious servant he would take him into his employ, as he had just parted with his shop man, and would give him board arid lodging and ss. per week ; and if he served him (the prosecutor) faithfully, he should never want a friend as long as he lived. The prisoner was then taken home by Mr. Lipman, and clothed from head to foot; the prosecu tor also gave him a small gratuity in money, and made the prisoner a present of half a dozen new shirts, giving him, at the same time, the most nourish ing food. This benevolent Jew, it would seem, had really acted the part of the good Samaritan towards the prisoner, who, before he had been in his master's service twelve - days, robbed him of the watches in question. John Bray, a policeman of the H division, said that, in consequence of information received at the station-house, he apprehended the prisoner adjoining the Shoreditch station, while asking for the Brighton Railway. On searching bias he found the property now produced—viz., six silver watches and one gold one, which the prosecutor identified ; he afterwards ascertained that one of the watches had been sold for 7s. 61., in Rosemary-lane, which he also now produced. The prisoner owned having taken the watches, and said he was instigated to it by a person, who was a notorious coiner in Rosemary-lane, who told him he had now a good opportunity to rob his master, and said that they could both easily escape to Brighton, where they could go by railway, and cross over to the Continent without being discovered. The MAGISTRATE asked the prisoner if he was will ing to give the name and description of this person to the police ?—The prisoner said he was willing to do so. Mr. NoaroN said he was a most ungrateful fellow, and remanded the prisoner to afford time to appre hend his accomplice. UNION-HALL Yesterday Thomas Hold was brought before Mr. Traill charged with making a very determined at tempt to deprive himself of life in the King's Arms public-house, Prince's-street, Lambeth, on the pre ceding day. Mr. Reed, the landlord of the house, stated, that on the preceding day the defendant entered his tap room, and had not been there long before he (witness) was informed that a man was in a fit. He (witness) immediately went into the room, and found the de fendant lying on the floor apparently dead, and quite black in the face. Witness, without loss of time, proceeded to unloosen his clothes, when he discovered that the man's neck was tightly bound round with a neckerchief in such a manner as to produce strangu lation. He therefore instantly cut the handkerchief with a knife, and a surgeon having been sent for, the defendant, after some considerable time, was recovered; and he subsequently acknowledged that he committed the act to deprive himself of life. In reply to Mr. Trail], the defendant said that he had been drinking to excess, and had remained away from home all night , and that the sensations on his re covering from the effects of his dissipation were of such a frightful nature as to induce him to put an end to his life. The defendant was locked up in default of finding TEA SALE A T BRISTOL.—After the stagnation which has prevailed for some some time past in the trade, it was cheering to witness the animated competi tion at the sale held on Wednesday morning, at the Assembly Rooms, when a selection of 3,500 chests from the imports per Anna Maria, Eagle, and Malacca were brought forward, and upwards of 3,000 chests sold at full prices. W e observed se vera l s t r angers from the London and Liverpool markets amongst the purchasers; and, upon the whole, the re su lt, as a s p ec imen of the re vival of this important trade in Bristol, is very manifest, and must prove very gratifying to the parties concerned. We are glad to see that the direct import to this place has begun to attract more general notice, by the esta blishment of some new concerns amongst us.--Bristol Mirror. DEATH FROM TAKING I MPROPER M E DICINE: On Saturday , evening, an inquest was held at the Globe Tavern, Greenwich, before Mr. C. J. Carttar, upon the Elizabeth Sage, Esq., surgeon, Royal hil l ) , Sage, aged 19 years (late house maidbod yo t f Sarah o J ar r ett Dashwood, who came by her death under the following circum stances :—Ann Hughes Sage, aged 21, deposed that she was sister to the deceased, and had lived three months in Dr. D as h wo od's family. Her sister's health had been very bad lately. She had taken an old woman's advice belonging to a harden at the back of the circus. The old woman said she would get something for her. She took the prescription on Thursday. It was two penny worth of pennyroyal mixed with a pennyworth of hysteric water, purchased at Riche's shop, a chemist in London-street. She also got pennyroyal in a green state from Mr. Morley's son on Royal-hill. The mix ture made . three glasses, to which was added a penny worth of g irt. She did not take it by her master's advice. She took it in three doses, and it seemed to give relief. At eleven o'clock on Friday night she became much worse, and Mrs. Dashwood gave her a little brandy and water, and paid her every attention. She remained in great a g on y until half-past four on Saturday morning, when she ex pired. Mr. Jarrett Dashwood, surgeon, deposed that deceased had not been quite well in health for some time, and had tried various remedies. From Christmas last she had been in the habit of taking medicines from per sons not qualified. Had also taken two or three doses of Widow Welch's pills. All advertised medicines con tain drugs of a deadly quality, such as aloes, gamboge, calomel, &c. The mucous membrane of the bowels was highly inflamed. Witness returned from London at five o'clock on Friday afternoon, and found deceased in a very dangerous state. Her pulse was at 140. She was suffering from vertigo, fainting, and nausea, with, the ex tremities cold and rigid. He took the most energetic means, and ordered bleeding. Her blood was still highly inflamed. Administered Dr. James's powders, chalk, &c., and applied a blister to the abdomen, and saw her four times during the night. Had she con sulted a pro fessional man, instead of quacking herself , she would, in all probability, have been still alive. The mixture taken in the state her stomach was then in caused it to bo highly inflamed. The jury, after conferring for a short time, returned the follow in g verdict :—" That the deceased died from natural causes, hastened by her taking a decoction of a vegetable herb, while the stomach was in a state of inflammation. The much-talked-of measure to grant soldiers a free discharge after ten years' service, appears to have been abandoned, or, like all boons of late years,. deferred as long as possible. The advant a g es are so obvious, in a financial view of the question, that we wonder it has not been pressed in Parliament by the i Economists. The enormous reduction it would ultimately effect n the Pension List merits more consideration than the matter has yet received ; and, as a mea sure calculated to intro duce a better class of 'men into the se rvice ' , it is most desirable in a military view. We well know that in every regiment there are many men who enlisted. under the heavy pressure of circumstances , pecun iary or moral, who would now gladly return to civil life after ten years ' ser vice. Under the p rese nt engagemen t of unlimited service, this class of soldier is a disconten ted, unhappy being, only held to his colours by the chains of martial law. We would see with gratification these men allowed, after their ten years' service, to depart free. The country would be amply repaid lily ten years work, and bene ficially freed from the future cha r g e of pens ion to indi viduals unwillingly eking out the time of discharge in slack and sulky performance of as little duty as possible. What objections can exist which are strong enough to counteract these great national and professional advan tages, we know not. We well remember when pur chased discharges were exceedingly rare• but in due time it was admitted, that by rea dil y permitting them, under ordinary circumstances, the country was largely, totriae I,oool.sub- benefited by the sum paid, and the army recruited, al most without charge, and with more facility.—Waval and Military Gazette. sub scriptLlcions =Ter Z i e Eg in T from Jones Loyd and Co.—Manchester Guardian. A FARMER CHAaGED WITH INCENDIARISM. Mr. Thomas C'hinery, a respectable farmer, of Belchamp St. Paul, was brought up at the Castle Hedingham Petty Session, last week, in custody of the police, charged on suspicion of setting fire to farming buildings, in his occupation, the property of S. M. Raymond, Esq., on the evening of July 3. Mr. Raymond deposed as follows :—The prisoner is in the occupation of a farm called " New Barns," my property. On Wednesday evening, July 3, be tween nine and ten o'clock, I was alarmed by a per son named Stammers, coming to my house, and stating that Chinery's barn was on fire, meaning the prisoner's. On going out of my house, I saw the sparks coming towards my farming buildings at home ; I set some person to protect them. I called my son, and went immediately to the fire, which is about a quarter of a mile off; when I arrived, the premises, which consisted of barn and buildings were burnt down ; after being at the fire a little time I saw prisoner, when I said, this comes of your hav ing so much haulm in the yard (having seen prisoner about fourteen days before the fire, and objected to so much haulm being in the yard in stacks and walls, on account of the prevalence of fires). Prisoner re plied, as any other farmer would have done, " Had it been wet weather, it would have all been made into manure before this time." I asked him if he had sus picion of any person having caused the fire ? He re plied, " No." By Mr. Goocu—Did you go up to him, or he come to you ? Mr. R.—l spoke to him first. I had given him notice to quit next Michaelmas, as he did not pay his rent regularly; about a fortnight after the notice was served, he paid me his rent, and left the notice to quit at my house, saying, " He did not know what it meant," and there was an end of it, as I did not want to turn him out if he paid his rent. On the Monday following, Mr. Blunden came over and valued the damage, when I said to him (prisoner), have you quarrelled with any one ? He replied, " No." I then told him, it would have been much better for him to have sold his wheat, and paid his rent, and then it would not have been burnt. By , Mr. Goocu—When was the rent due ? Mr. R.—He had not paid the Michaelmas rent when the notice was served. By the BENCII—The Lady-day rent was not paid till after the fire. Amos, labourer, deposed, that when he got to the fire he saw several persons removing a roll ; he saw prisoner when it had been burning nine or ten minutes ; witness assisted in removing the roll, when he with several others went up the yard towards the south side, which occupied about three minutes ; some one then called out " There comes Thomas Chinery" (meaning prisoner), who was getting over a gap at the corner of a wheat-field near the premises ; witness asked him where he was when he saw the fire ; pri soner replied, " At Mr. John Pratt's, at Otten Bel champ. Witness told him that was impossible, for the fire had not been burning more than ten minutes, and that Mr. Raymond had not got a pigeon in his dove house that could fly the distance in the time. By the BENCH-It is more than two and a half miles by the road. In a straight line it is nearer. Prisoner said that he came over hedge and ditch, and he did not know which way he came. About a quarter of an hour after saw prisoner go up a barley-field belonging to Mr. Raymond, which was near the old castle (a mock ruin, which was built by the late Mr. Raymond) ; he was by himself, and then came round the back of the premises and over the same gap as in the first instance. Thomas Edwards, labourer, corroborated the last witness, and added, it was impossible, as a pigeon could not have flown the distance in the time. He also saw him go into the barley-field and return again to the fire as described. He (Edwards) did not lose sight of the prisoner at the fire because he thought he looked like a guilty man. William Stammers corroborated the last two wit nesses, and stated in reply to the Bench that the thatch was burnt off when he saw prisoner, but the sparks had not fallen in. William Deal confirmed the testimony of the former witnesses as to the prisoner coming over the gap near the premises, and in answer to a question from the Bench, said he did not notice whether he was hot, but he had his coat on his arm when he saw him. Henry Farrow and five other witnesses were ex amined, but nothing further was elicited to connect the prisoner with the charge. Mr. Mayhew, solicitor, of Coggeshall, appeared to watch the case for the prisoner, and called six wit nesses for the defence, one of whom spoke positively as to passing him (prisoner) on his way from Mr. Pratt's towards the fire. Another proved that he saw him coming to the fire, and advised him to g.) round the premises, as the farm-yard was impassable from the fire burning, and which accounted for his enter ing it by the gap at the rear of the premises, as de scribed by the witnesses in support of the charge. The Bench here retired for a short time, and on their return Mr. BADRAm addressed the prisoner, telling him they had given his case the greatest at tention, and were of opinion that the evidence was insufficient to sustain the charge against him. If, however, any further evidence could be obtained, he would be brought up again; but his (Mr. B.'s) own private opinion was, that he (prisoner) left that room without the least stain upon his character. Other magistrates were of a different opinion, but that was in their own breasts.—Prisoner was then discharged. The case excited the greatest interest in the neigh bourhood, and the hearing lasted upwards of four hours. The room was crowded nearly to suffocation, principally by farmers of the neighbourhood, amongst whom the greatest sympathy seemed to exist on be half of the prisoner, who had been incarcerated several days in the police station. On the acquittal of the prisoner great applause was manifested.— Chelmsford Chronicle. and suspects the tenant, and thus originate the agra rian outrages. Some landlords and agents ask their rents in a harsh and intemperate manner—this ap pears to the tenant as if the landlord or agent owed him some ill-will, and he is, therefore, afraid that they will evict him. Tenants will make great sacri fices to serve a landlord or agent who deals with them in a kind and courteous manner. I know of some landlords and agents who are more kind and generous to tenants of a desperate character, than to their more industrious and peaceable. tenants. CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT. OLD COURT. _ (Before Mr. Baron GURNEY and Mr. Justice WIGHTMAN.) The Court was occupied in the early part of yester day in disposing of cases of an atrocious character, the details of which are not fit to meet the public eye. John Joyce, 20, a young man of very respectable appearance, was indicted for feloniously demanding money of Frederick Randall, under a threat of charg ing him with an offence of the above description. Mr. Ballantine conducted the prosecution, and the prisoner was defended by Mr. Clarkson and Mr. Bodkin. The particulars connected with the charge are unfit to be published. The prisoner was said to be re spectably connected. The jury returned a verdict of Guilty.—Judgment was respited. Henry Brown, 41, Emma Brown, 16, and Eliza beth Jones, 23, were indicted for feloniously making counterfeit shillings and sixpences, and also for hav ing in their possession moulds calculated to make counterfeit coin. _ Mr. Bodkin conducted the prosecution. It appeared, from the evidence, that, from informa tion received by the parties, an inspector, named Penny, accompanied by Sergeant Brennan, and a constable named Redman, proceeded to a room in one of the houses in Broad Arrow-court, St. Luke's, where they found all the prisoners busily engaged in the act of coining, and surrounded by the implements made use of by persons of that description. They all made a violent resistance, the man attempting to swallow four counterfeit shillings, and was nearly choked before the officers could get them out of his mouth. The women also resisted, and when they were at length secured, they said they had had quite enough of this - country, and should be glad to get out of it. The prisoners, in their defence, declared that they were the victims of a plot laid by a woman named Allen, who had placed the thins in their room, and who, they declared, had " sold' them, for the sake of the reward usually paid by the Mint for the detection of offences of this description. The jury convicted the prisoners, but recommended the younger one to the mercy of the Court. Mr. Baron GURNEY sentenced the male prisoner and Elizabeth Jones to be transported for twelve years, and Emma Brown was ordered to be kept to hard labour for six months. The prisoner Jones was very insolent when the sentence was pronounced upon her, and she left the bar declaring she had been " sold" by the police. Thomas Corby was indicted for feloniously forging an acceptance to a bill of exchange for 61., with intent to defraud William Franks. The case was of rather a peculiar description. The prosecutor is connected with a loan society, to which application was made for a loan of 6/. for a person named Elliott, and the name of the proposed security was given as John Scott. Application was made at the place indicated as the residence of this person, and the prisoner represented himself to be him, and signed the promissory note as John Scott, upon which the money was advanced. The real Scott was examined as a witness, and he of course said that the signature to the bill was a forgery, but in answer to a question put by the prisoner, he admitted that he had told the prisoner he might use his name to obtain a loan; although he understood that it was not to be done without his knowledge. It was also proved that Scott's wife had received 3/, of the money that was advanced, from the prisoner, in the shape of rent. ' The jury returned a verdict of Not Guilty. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. (YESTERDAY.) BOW-STREET. Yesterday Frederick Grosgane, a ranting preacher, was charged with creating a mob and obstructing the carriage and footway in Covent-garden, at an early hour on Sunday morning. By the evidence of the constables it was proved that about 200 persons had been collected together by the defendant, who refused to desist when cautioned by the policeman, and was consequently taken into custody ; he was, however, let out again by the in spector, upon the understanding that he would go away. Instead of doing so he went and resumed his harangue, and was dwelling upon the " martyrdom" which he was enduring when again apprehended and conducted to the station-house amidst the laughter and hooting of the mob. A young man in the Court stepped forward in be half of the defendant, and stated that he was present when the preaching was going on ; that there were not mot more than thirty persons assembled, of whom only two or three were seriously listening to the sermon ; and that no obstruction whatever wad occasioned. The defendant, who was respectably dressed, said he was a tailor, and that he preached in the same place five years prior to 1838, without interruption. On some occasions he lectured against drinking, but generally speaking his mission was to preac the Gospel. On the above morning, having seen a greit deal of depravity in the neighbourhood, such as boys selling newspapers, &c., he felt it his duty to express his abhorrence of such sinful doings. He wondered why they who were thus desecrating the Sabbath were not taken into custody, instead of one who was enjoined to preach the word of God—for this was his only offence. The defendant was showing the stri4t analogy of his own case with that of the Apostle Paul, who was exposed to similar persecution when preach ing in the open air, when Mr. HALL interrupted him, remarking that he did not wish to prevent his preaching out of doors while he selected a proper place, where his hearers might assemble without annoying the public. If he was again found haranguing in Covent-garden (whith was generally as well-conducted a place as any in London) he would be required to find bail. The defendant left the bar, declaring, with smile vehemence, that so long as God gave him strength he would continue to preach in the open air, in spite of any punishment that might be inflicted. CLERKENWELL. A smartly-attired young man, who gave the very dubious name of Smith, was charged with numerous robberies of ready-furnished lodgings. Mrs. Peat, a lady residing in Hedden-court, Re gent-street, deposed that, on the 19th inst., the pri soner took ready-furnished lodgings from her, and on the same evening occupied them. In the morning her servant found the street-door open, and they soon after ascertained that during the night the prisoner had robbed the parlour and bed-room of every port able article they contained—bed•clothes, men and women's wearing apparel, and some jewellery. Wit ness identified a handkerchief on the prisoner's neck when arrested as a portion of the stolen property. Mrs. Anne Bradley, residing at University-street, Tottenham-court-road, deposed that, on Saturday last, the prisoner took a parlour from her and retired to rest at ten o'clock. On Sunday night she care fully locked and bolted the street door. In the morn ing she saw the street door open, and it was found that the prisoner had decamped during the night, taking with him bed clothes, wearing apparel, house linen, &c. Police-constable Morris, 75 E, deposed that he met the prisoner carrying two large bundles on that (Monday) morning, and not being able to satisfac torily account for the possession of them, took him into custody. He treated witness in a very cavalier way, said the property was his sister's, and threatened witness with the consequences of so grave an infrac tion of the liberty of the subject. The property having been identified, the deposi tions for trial were taken down. TVORSHIP-STREET. Yesterday a middle-aged man, having the appear ance of a respectable mechanic, who gave the name of Charles Stevens, was placed at the bar before Mr. Broughton, charged by the parish authorities of Shoreditch with deserting his wife, Eliza Stevens, in a heartless manner, and leaving her chargeable to their parish. The wife, a good-looking young woman in an ad vanced state of pregnancy, stated that about a twelve month ago, while in comfortable service in a highly respectable family at Ball's Pond, she accidentally became acquainted with the prisoner, who repre sented himself as a widower, and, after paying her attentions for three or four months, persuaded her to leave her situation and marry him. She did as he desired, and the ceremony took place, in the name of Stevens, at St. John's Church, Hoxton. The pri soner's conduct towards her had afterwards been uni formly very bad, but on his discovery that she was in the family way, he lost all control over himself and com menced a series of most brutal usage, beating, ne glecting, and abusing her for her condition, and finally, about eleven weeks since, abandoned her al together and left her to shift for herself. After endu ring three weeks' privation, she was obliged to apply to the parish for support, and they, upon ascertaining her situation, immediately took her into the work- house, where she had been ever since, and was now in expectation of being momentarily confined. Mary Smith, the wife's mother, a poor washer woman, corroborated her daughters statement, and gave a detail of the most heartless conduct on the part of the prisoner toward's his wife ; whose marriage to the prisoner was also formally put in proof. Holland, one of the warrant officers, who assisted Waller, the beadle, in apprehending the prisoner, proved taking him in Macclesfild-street, Kingsland- HEART-RENDING CASE. The 53d Regiment sailed from this port (Liverpool) on Saturday, for Calcutta. There is one circumstance connected with that sailing, most painful in its de tails, which we have deemed it right to bring thus particularly under the notice of the public, in the hope that it may meet the eyes, and bespeak the sympathy, of the commanding officer of that gallant corps. It appears that, about a fortnight since, one of the privates, who left for Calcutta on Saturday, obtained liberty from the commanding officer, at Manchester, for himself and his wife, a fine young woman, only nineteen years of age, to whom he had been married only about a year and a-half, to pay a short visit to their friends in Ireland, previous to leaving the country. The private returned to Manchester at the expiration of his furlough, but the wife remained in Ireland a few days longer, not expecting the de tachment to sail until the end of the present month, or the beginning of the next. On Wednesday last, however, she received a letter from her husband, stating, that they were under orders to leave Liver pool for their destination on Saturday, and that it was absolutely necessary for her to be in Man chester on Friday, in order that, as she was one of the women selected to go to Calcutta, there might be no difficulty in getting her passed with the detach ment by the commanding officer. She immediately proceeded to Dublin, where she arrived on Thurs day, but, to her inexpressible regret, found that the Liverpool steamer had just left the quay, and that she must remain for the night. She was, therefore, unable to reach Liverpool before Saturday morning; and, on coming here, she found the detachment in the act of shipping on board the Nith, at the Prince's Dock, and learned from her husband that, as she was not in Manchester on the previous day, the wife of one of the other privates had been seleced in her stead by the commanding officer. A most heart rending scene succeeded. The parties burst into floods of tears ; embraced each other several times, in the belief that the period of their last parting had arrived ; and the soldier, a fine, atheletic young fellow, took his child, an infant about five months old, re peatedly out of its mother's arms, and kissed it with all the fervour of an attached and most affectionate father. After this affecting interview, one that was witnessed with lively feelings of sympathy by a crowd of spectators on the quay, had lasted for some time, the afflicted mother, in a paroxys m o f gr i e f an d d e infant - spair, ran, with the in her arms, to the railway station, in Lime-street, with the view of going on to Manchester and entreating the commanding officer to allow her to proceed with the detachment. She had been informed that the Nith, after having taken the companies on board, would lie in the river until yesterday, and she hoped to be able to re turn in time for the sailing, and with the joyful intel ligence that she had achieved her object. On reaching the station, however, she discovered, what she had been too much grieved to think of before, that she was all but penniless, and wholly unable to pay her fare. She was, therefore, compelled to return to the dock, where she arrived just in time to see the vessel sailing out of the harbour for Calcutta. Hope now forsook her, and the poignant anguish she felt may be much more easily conceived than described. Inspector Bibby found her on the Prince's Pierhead soon after, and, ascertaining that she was without money, friends, or even acquaintance in the town, he, much to his credit, took her to his -house, provided her with food, and is interesting himself to get her on to Manchester, to see whether the commanding officer will allow her to proceed to Calcutta with the next detachment.— Liverpool Albion. RAILWAY ACCIDENT.—Friday afternoon, as one of the Paisley trains, drawn by the llecate, one of the Greenock Company's engines, was on its way to Glas gow, and when about two miles from Paisley, the axle of the tender broke, when both tender and engine were thrown off the line. None of the passengers or servants were seriously hurt ; three of the former were slightly injured, and were able to walk away soon after the acci dent happened. The tender, engine, and a third-class carriage, were considerably damaged. A detention to several trains took place in consequence of the obstruc tion, but, by about half-past three o'clock, the rails were laid and the line clear.—Glasgow National. THE HARVEST. Considerable progress has been made with the har vest in this neighbourhood during the present week. The weather has been extremely favourable ; and the scythe and sickle have been in active operation both early and late. In some situations, the wheat is so fully ripe that the labours of reaping and loading have been going on in the same fields at the same time. The grain also is so remarkably plump and so liable to shake, that great care is required whilst pitching sheaves for the purpose of stacking. There is but one opinion, indeed, as to the wheat crop, viz., that it is most bountiful, that it will weigh very heavy, and prove of superior quality. A considerable portion of wheat is cut in the neigh bourhood of Castle Donington. The head is very fine and bold, and bids fair to yield well. Batley and oats are also much improved since the rains, and are expected to be average crops. Should the weather continue favourable, a great part of the grain will be housed in another fortnight. Such has been the anxiety of one farmer, at Melbourne, to get his corn before continued rain set in, that he has been carry ing it for the three last successive Sundays, assigning as his reason for so doing that it was easier to get assistance on those days than on others !—Nottingham Review. Excepting Sunday, which was dry, warm, and de lightfully bright, we have had more or less rain every day during the week. The rain has not fallen in any considerable quantity; and being generally followed by light winds and occasional intervals of sunshine, the moisture has not yet been productive of any more serious injury than that of retarding the work of the sickle. Every dry interval is now eagerly seized to carry forward the important operations of the harvest, and in the earlier districts a considerable breadth is already in stook. Everywhere in this neighbourhood, and to the east and west, there is much grain ready for being cut, and dry breezy weather is looked for with the utmost anxiety. All accounts agree as to the great bulk of the crop ; what the quality and yield may be cannot be ascertained till it be brought to the test of the barn floor. No doubt wheat will be coarser than what we have •been accustomed to for the two past years ; but if there be no sprout, a slight degree of coarseness will be no serious evil, and will be amply atoned for by the great bulk of the crop. Potatoes and turnips are thriving beyond all precedent; and, judging from the samples of the former, which we see and taste daily, the quality promises to be ex cellent, being in general dry and mealy, and having already attained their delicious October taste. — Scotsman. CAPTURE OF BUSHRANGERS IN VAN DIEMEN'S LAND, It is with sincere pleasure that we have to an nounce the capture of the bushrangers Jones and his two companions, being the remaining tail of Cash, Kavenagh, and Jones's party. The capture was ef fected in a very masterly style by district-constable Morton, of the Brighton police. This officer, having received information, proceeded to a spot near the Pear-tree, where,' after having watched upon the hills for two days and two nights, he at last saw circumstances which convinced him the bushrangers were in a thatched store but a short distance from his look-out. Hereupon Morton returned to a gully where he had planted three of his constables out of sight, and also called at Mr. Turnbull's house, when he requested Mrs. Turnbull to write a note to Mr. Foster, the police-magistrate at Brighton, inform ing him of the position of the bushrangers, and re questing immediate aid. Morton then made arrange ments with his four constables, and proceeded towards the place. When near enough they made a dash upon the hut, and, according to the preconcerted scheme of attack, each man occupied his. post. Mor ton then called out for every one in the hut to sur render and come out unarmed; upon which five free men presented themselves, and were ordered to ad vance about twenty yards and then lie down, under a threat of being shot if they attempted to stir. Mor ton then called upon Jones to come out, instead of which the bushranger fired several shots out of the window. Morton called them cowards, and told them, if they wanted any firing, they had better come out of the hut; upon which Jones rushed out, and fired his gun at one of the constables, but without effect ; the constable, however, returned the fire upon Jones, and shot him in the head, and a second shot told upon one of his arms. Jones dropped, and crawled into the hut, and in a few minutes crawled out again, and lay down about twenty yards from the hut. Morton then again called upon the others to surrender and come out, which they said they would not do so long as they had a round of ammunition left. Morton then gave directions to set fire to the, thatch of the hut, and again called upon them to surrender and creep out on their hands and knees; which Moore, one of the bushrangers, did, but 'no sooner got out of the hut than he endeavoured to get possession of Jones's gun, which was on the ground. Morton called upon. him to stop, which, however, he did not do; and one of the constables fired, and severely wounded him in the head. The other man (Platt) and a woman (Bridget Brown) then came out, and surrendered themselves. The, two men (Jones and Platt) were brought into town the next day, and are now in the Hobart Town gaol. Moore is too severely wounded to be removed, and we understand his life is despaired of.—Hobart Town Courier, March 22. PASSENGERS' BAGGAGE.—Applications having been made to the Customs authorities by certain passengers who have recently arrived at this port from Sierra Leone and New South Wales, praying that some skins and other articles of trifling value, intended as presents, and found in their baggage, might be delivered upon payment of the British possession duty, notwithstanding that they were not included in the certificates of clearance, the board having conferred with their practical officers, and being of opinion that in cases of this kind, where the high duty on the articles may not exceed lOs , and the principal landing officers are satisfied that the goods are im ported from a British possession, and are intended for private use, the articles may be delivered at the low duty, without a special application being made. Orders have been issued to that effect, of which the several depart ments have been apprised.—Morning Herald. FEARGUS O'CONNOR.—A correspondent informs us that Mr. O'Connor appeared in the Market-place, at Hanley, on Monday evening last, according to previous announcement, for the purpose of addressing the people, when the numbers who attended were so very few, that, after speaking a few minutes, he gave it up as a hope less case. About seven shillings .were collected on the occasion towards the expenses.—Macclesfield Chronicle. A TERRA-COTTA. CHURCH.—At Ha - ugh, near this town, a beautiful church has recently been built, entirely of terra-cotta—burnt clay. The inside, outside, tower, and basement, are all of the same material, a kind of fine clay, found near the spot, between the beds of coal, in Mrs. Fletcher's mines, which, after being subjected to a great pressure, is burnt. The colour is rather good, a kind of tawny. The situation, too, is very pretty. The architecture is florid Gothic. The interior is much decorated—the roof of dark stained oak; the floor is of tile, inlaid with numbers of crosses; the steps of the communion, encaustic tile; and all other matters in con formity. The seats are open, not formed into pews. The architect is Mr. Sharp, of Lancaster.—Manchester Guardian. IMPORTANT TO HIGH-CONSTABLES. —An Act of Parliament has just been passed " for facilitating the collection of county rates, and for relieving high-con stables from attendance in certain cases, and from cer tain other cases." Under the system in practice hitherto, high-constables of the hundreds had to receive the amount of the county rates after they had been collected by the overseers, and then personally pay over the same to the county treasurer. They had also to attend per sonally at each quarter sessions, on pain of a heavy fine. By the Act just passed, they are relieved from having anything to do with the county rate, nor are they re quired in future to attend the quarter sessions. The rates are to be collected by the boards of guardians of the poor-law unions, and by them paid to the county treasurer. WOODCOCKS.—Last year we noticed that two woodcock's nests were discovered in Melkinthorpe Woods, near Lowther, by Mr. George Harrison, game keeper to the Earl of Lonsdale, and that in both in stances the eggs were all hatched. At that time both Mr. Harrison and his brother (his Lordship's principal gamekeeper) expressed their decided opinion that many of these delicate birds, if unmolested in their favourite retreats after the beginning of February, would become naturalised and breed in this part of the country. In support of their opinion, we have now to report that five fine young birds, strong upon the wing, were sprung a few days ago in the same locality. As these woods are strictly and carefully preserved, and seldom entered during the summer months, probably many more breeds yet remain to be discovered.—Lancaster Guardian. THE BIRKENHEAD DOCK WAREHOUSES.—On Tuesday last, from twenty to thirty of the most influen tial gentlemen from various parts of the country as sembled at the Monk's Ferry Hotel, for the purpose of discussing the propriety of erecting warehouses round the Birkenhead Dock, and adopting the most advisable course of bringing the subject prominently before the public. We understand that the project met with una nimous concurrence, and that every gentleman present agreed to become a shareholder in the undertaking to a. considerable extent.. The parties dined together at the Monk's Ferry Hotel.—Liverpool Journal. Mrs. Drummond, the widow of the late Under Secretary for Ireland, lately paid a visit to the Royal Exchange, in order to inspect the marble statue of her late husband, executed by Hogan, The visit was strictly private, and Mrs. Drummond remained fir a consider able time contemplating the work, which so vividly re called the features of the departed.—Cork Southern Re porter. KILGERRAN FAIR.—Our fair last Wednesday was a bad one as compared with former ones. It used to be one of the best fairs in the country ; but this week the show exhibited a falling off, and what is worse, prices ruled in the same downward direction, stock of all sorts fetching inferior prices to those obtained at the last Car • marthen Laminas fair.— Welshnzan. FACTORY CASE.—At the Borough Court on Friday, Thomas Shorrocks, a spinner, in the employment of Messrs. Simpson, Thompson, and Co., Collyhurst, was convicted, at the instance of Mr. Armstrong, sub-inspec tor of factories, of overworking his brother, and not sending him to school, the boy being under 13 years of age. He was fined 195.,' including costs.—Manchester Guardian. LONDON PEACE SOCIETY. Memorial of the London Peace Society on the affairs of Morocco, Hayti, and Otaheite. To the Right Hon. Sir Robert Peel, Bart, Firs t Lord of the Treasury ; the Right Hon. the Earl of Aberdeen, Secretary of State for the Foreign De partment ; and the other Right Hon. Members of • her Majesty's Government. The Memorial of the Committee of the London Peso Society, Showeth,—That your memorialists are fully per" suaded that war is repugnant to the spirit and princi ples of the Christian religion, subversive of the true in terests of mankind, and as unnecessary as it is una vailing as a mode of settling international difference s. That whilst your memorialists regard with pecly liar satisfaction the continuance of peace among the nations of Europe they are deeply and painfully at " fected by the hostilities which at the present time pre: vailin some other parts of the globe •'especially the empire of Morocco, the island of Hayti in the West Indies, and the island of Otaheite in e Southern Pacific. That your memorialists as the Committee of t' Society whose sole object is the promotion of peril'ii; rient and universal peace, abstain from expressing en. opinion on the political questions supposed to be issue at these various regions ; but they venture r e b t ; specttully and earnestly to press upon the Big t Honourable Members of her Majesty's Governur n „' the importance of employing (as your memorial is t thankfully acknowledge that they have often a n d successfully done) their best efforts by argument and persuasion, founded on principles of true reason e n policy, as well as on benevolent and religious o rr e siderations, to put a speedy determination to til es . t distressing circumstances, with a full regard to st ric justice towards all the parties who are variously CO cerned in them. And your memorialists venture further to exPr e° their earnest desire and hope, that the entire Pr ° ; ceedings of her Majesty's Government may be s o as shall promote a peaceable spirit and conduct an',° f ', t all classes of British subjects • and minister no ground of offence, either to the great and nations of Europe, or any of those States whielP,,,, s some respects, may be esteemed more feeble no important, but whose natural rights are equally sat 0 and inviolable, and dear to themselves ; and very weakness, in a political point of view, claims „ them the sympathy and moral assistance, and prof tion of the more powerful nations of the world, an especially of Great Britain. And your memorialists will ever pray, &c. N.B. A similar memorial was sent at the same 0.5 tcohis Majesty the King of the French; both of wi ll ,. have been favourably received, and duly $ knowledged. STOPPING FOOT-ROADS. atee In Nottingham a highly respectable Comm• - the (through a public meeting) has been formed, fo r b .r purpose of preventing any further illegal stopp . illg b - 0 of foot-roads (which has been frequently done i n t o locality latterly) belonging to the public, and foi l ! ) , purpose of re-opening those which have been illeg' re , closed. Some of those roads have already bee° • o • opened to the public by the Committee, and 0101), tions to aid them are handing in. The " ° l o t stoppers" have now a force against them they relish. The Committee have obtained °poi° counsel. Subjoined is a copy : i f ire" " The law relating to public roads is very - ,tc rent from that which relates to private roads ; years' usor or disusor has no reference to the f°rL4 The Crown (that is, in effect, the public) are hn i i by no lapse of time, except in cases provided fb r i o particular statutes, none of which apply to P li Ac t, roads. Previous to the last General IlighwaY_4l3, any person might dedicate his land for a public 4,r and when once dedicated, it becomes a public ro 3u , ever, unless stopped up by legal proceedings, n °rl ket , which have been adopted in this case ; since that 'O. a party cannot dedicate a road except as therein Po vided. Before that Act, no precise number of I . c to permission for the public to use it was neces s3 o 'olf constitute it a public road; length of time wa s de ar evidence, more or less strong, of an intention to 0 .0 cate, and an usor of much less than twenty ye ars held sufficient. , " Applying these principles to the present e' l 7,iic the ground proprietor set out roads which the PO have used for several years, much less than tt c tho the public have the right now to use those road' is, assuming they were set out and used before gust, 1835 (the date of the Highway Act). t " The non-usor of the other roads would 11°,0, tinguish them; the only effect non-usor would e u ty i would be to render it a question for the juryllorlt they ever were public roads ; if it can be c 0 0' shown they were, they are not extinguished by usor. " This answers the first and second queries. , e re Committee may legally insist on all roads which t i.‘` public all the year being open all the year ; buv e ir fact of their having been closed nine months is e o dente that they are not public roads all the 9 1 ,31 What evidence the Committee have to rebut this not know; it is a question of fact for the not of law. " C. H. WHIT.EUVI'' " Temple, June 18, 1844." r A o: A SCHOOL EXHIBITION GAINED BY A - - e l'ofr . BOY.—Mr. Saunders, the factory insp ector for t ot shire, in his report for the quarter ended the 30th;ies, last, says :—" That the education of factory C lll .v b e where sufficient attention is paid to the subject, tlsi; efficiently conducted, has been proved during t"„; s sfe,' quarter, by a factory worker having been the stl e— bot . candidate for an exhibition to the York Training,scebel which was open to the competition of all National 00, children in Leeds. A second factory boy Wh ° °I V himself was favourably noticed by the examinersjoteell boy, Edwin Spencer, now between fourteen all u „ Iz el is years old, who has gained the exhibition, has w ci ' n if O.; a factory since he was ten years old ; and the ° I ., - g itlr struction he obtained during that time was $ 5 , 15 8 ,13, es' half-time attendant at the National School at -""ge_ _ 4 551 " tablished almost expressly for factory ehildren• ht In Hives and Atkinson, in whose employment be ' 79 0 0 1 r, - t to sti r t be i (for the sake partly of reward, and partly all to exert themselves), permit four children , s f , te bs ir have obtained the age of thirteen, to continue if ec timers, but in the receipt of the same wages as ue the ployed full time, on condition that they c ontin, ig cl I` attendance at school. Had these boys been obihirtgli; work twelve hours from the time they hectar e t wo) t i it would, of course, have been impossible fer," h ti lf , have undergone the same stiff examination to wl e p ene, o were subject on this occasion. The success of B• ttg oV i; there is no doubt, will excite others to greater flof g : s~ and regularity, and will, I am convinced, Prove retoius service to many. The principle of giving mil s v` Jo to a limited number of well-conducted boys ; 0 0 e t adopted by other mill-occupiers; and the el l - , bet'' each case will doubtless be in part repaid, b? w eV by conduct of the whole number of children eniP 0 40, I , The Admiralty have issued orders to P __one e r contract, two second-rate iron s t ea m-frigst es o 0 031 work with paddle-wheels, and the other to , hr o gtb , r 4 pmeller. They are each to be 203 feet iol e s oD l lti ii` , fret in breadth, about 1,300 tons burthen, sou. ge orl• i ` iti power. On the 27th July we stated that " ---- Fairburn and Co., of Al illwall, were in daily ei c r o s e . l ii , of an order from the Admiralty to build an Ir)veSti`oce frigate, on a new patent principle of their o'llllllo9 They have now received the order, and will forthwith.— United Service Gazette. 4000 , ... 11 04 ,f‘ BIRTHS. . On the 22d inst., at Mountfort House, ins pea, 3' nelius Paine, of a son. I role . On the 22d, inst., the wife of the Rev. Riel li/r ‘ it' e son, still-born. r ii, tell ba'll. On the 22d inst., at Lansdown-crescent, w-e l • il'' lady of Captain R. Nugent Everard, of a daugh ter 'd O . On the 23d inst., at Brailes Vicarage, the wi fe 1 50 13 Cornwall Smalley, jun., of a daughter. u grs• i On the 22d inst., at Grove. lane, CamherWe i " , O r ' Stevens, of a son. ,I, 0 1 On the 23d inst., in Arlington-street, the 18 " 1 7,(0• Stanhdpe Illingworth, Esq., of a daughter. _wer e ' 4 On the 23d inst., at South-street, Finsburl red s Michael Henry, of a daughter. A , ff rej 1 , o On the 23d inst., at Cheshunt, Herts, the l'" 1 , , PIP / Robert Crowder, Esq., of a son. t I%l°' .), On the 23d inst., at Commercial-road Eat' lips, of a son. e t On the 24th inst., in Portland-place, the lad ' s' tlf,,Cl;s4l rie • ' ' Bevan, Esq., of a son. eho r, ~, On the 24th inst., the lady of Robert Fla w ' ' 7 of'fb‘ a son. if e_ .,„,, ,/ ...... On the 25th inst., at Champion-hill, the -9/ 1, Hilton Bothamley, Esq., of a ion. MARRIED. Ai r ' d j .r. n xii dles e— ' On the 24th inst., at Bromley Ch . urch , .-- ---j Ag e* feci e Durham, cutler, of Regent-street, 0 Church, " ‘ ,7 11 ,-eA l lpot, daughter of John Edie, Esq., of Bromley, M an ' wen ° at' fidential clerk to Frederick Hod on tsq., br e 0 o pea honey moon at the Middlesex. The happy pair immediately s et off o es 0 0° li lsleofivight. ge , sto es On the 20th inst., at St. George's Chare';sabell*,,,i. Lieutenant James Jarvis, 88th Regiment, to g t. iac it ' e , ir s . daughter of the late James Rose, Esq., Be c t ia Al fi lei lg ° ' 01 On the 20th inst., at Christ Church , 0 - 1 4th - ter Deverell, eldest son of Robert Pyper, nD , Irish) Dragoon Guards, to Harriette, y„, r om il e l -' 3. plte . lat: t aloe of Captain Cuthbert Featherstone Daly, R- L ',.' ji lon't i ,. lo 'of Wight, Alexander Oswald, Esq., On the 15th inst., at the Church of 0" - e Low - 044 stone, widow of the late Sir Frederic Jobo _Writs6°,or" Weaterhall, and only daughter of the late Earliti;tlih. Jo* On the 22d inst., at All Saints Church, Bea u Afirfoti to I DI. ~ to LadY o _ e 13 .. wood, Surrey, John Coates, Esq., of Demerara,scp o iv eldest daughter of the late Charles Bingham' fi 1 4 i 41) .0 ‘ C ' lieu-hill, Norwood, Surrey. b bf r ' ' 01* On the 22d inst ,at West Hackney Churc , ._. e i 0 s ierS biref fr e l s son, jun., of Mark-lane to Elizabeth Cat.herw ' woe, daughter of the late Mr. 'Mills of Spitalfiela the 22d inst., at Rencicomb, Glouce.a. Aoae,..siei Miler, Esq., of Precton, Lancashire, to Car . ol' u , * „ , s fea daughter of the late R. Robbins, Esq., of LncCe.. DIED. On the 23d t ins t., at Bridgewater, Jeffery's . ,• On the 24th G. Blandford, last survival& late W. Burgess, Esq., of St. John's, Southwark. colo° surgeon, Perth, Swan River, E 94. tit° On the 11th inst., at London Mr.. James Crichtou, <O , a' 1 0 London : Printed and Published 1,1 BiußDo_ Western Australis. No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sus 011reonliv Strand, in the Precinct of tbe Savoy, tu9 Middlesex, Tueslay, August W I VW.