The Sun. — London, England, 1838-11-07 00:00:00

duce good fruit if you are continually transplanting it from one place to another ? The combined English ard Turkish ficets stir at Vourla, and the most cordial ha r m on y a pp ears t o ex ist b e twe e n the respective officers and men. The plan of placing Turks in the English ships, and Englishmen in the Turkish, is deci dedly a good one; and after a short time you may expect to hear that the Sultan' s nav y:h as emerge d from the physical in ignificance in which it has hitherto been plunged. lam told that when recently the two squadrons went out together, the French schooner of war La Mesance followed and watched them, much to the annoyance of both. On one occasion Admiral Stopford was nearly ordering a shot to be fired across ner bows, because she had the impudence to become one of the party without showing her colours. The French Admiral is lying sulkily in the bay here, and is looking quite yellow with jealousy. Nothing can be more evident than that a bad feel ing between us and the French is fast gaining ground. I learn, on Turkish authority, that the Russian Minister at t7onstantinople has been making heavy complaints about the marked intimacy between the English and Turkish Admirals, and that satisfaction has been given. What that satisfaction vally is we have yet to learn. The Exchange on London was last week at 101 - (bills were offered at that rate, but for want of money in the market no transaction was effected at it), and to-day there are buyers at 1051, making a difference of near four per cent in six days If we bad a currency of a,uniform intrinsic value these unplea sant fluctuations would not occur.—Morning Herald, CONSTANTINOPLE, OCT 12.—The Russian Ambassador, Von Breteniff, seems to have regained part of the ground which Buron Ruckman lost to England. He has constant conferences with the Ministers of the Porte. He ;does not, however, succeed in anything. This, a short time ago, he required that the Ex- Polish General, Chrzanowsky, who is employed in the army, should be dismissed from the Turkish service, on the ground, that he being a Russian sub ject, was not authorised to engage in the service without the consent of the Emperor. The Porte replied that "as Chrza nowsky was outlawed by Russia, the latter had no longer any right over him, and as good officers like Chrzanow sky were very desirable for the Turkish service, it did not see the reasonableness of this demand." General Von Bretenieff is said to have replied angrily, that if his demand were not attended to he would see that the Prussian officers should be removed from the Turkish service, for it could not possibly be a matter of indifference if the Porte, which is bound to Russia by ties of close friendship, gave a high post in the army to a man whose enmity to Russia was notorious. The retirement of the Prussian officers would certainly be a great loss to the Porte ; it appears, however, not to believe that Bretenieffs threat will be realised. The result is impa tiently expected by every body. I have just heard that some of the Prussian officers have applied for their discharge; it should seem therefore that Bretenieff did not not threaten un advisedly. RUSSIA. The Augsburg Gazette, under the head of Russia, contains the following :—" The war against the Transcaucasian moun taineers, in which Europe takes so warm an interest, still con tinues ; but, as the Government looks "upon this war as an affair that regards merely the interior, we are without official intelligence of the progress of events. 'We learn, however, through private letters, that in consequence of the operations of last summer, the mountaineers find it impossible to under take any serious movement against our army. They seemed drtermined to carry on a guerilla warfare to the last, and, even in the event of their subjugation, the Emperor must keep up an army amongst them to maintain them in their obedience. A letter addressed by a General Fesi to a friend at Chux zach contains the following particulars of the recent ope rations against the insurgents :—' Towards the middle of May I attacked and defeated the Ruhules, after an en gagement which lasted five days and five nights. After scour ing the environs of Kuba, I returned here from Derbent, and on the road subjugated some of the independent tribes of Lesghi, and others between Grusinia and Avaria. Whilst awaiting further instructions I am improving the citadel built last year, and constructing a new fort at no great distance. Some young men of the principal families of Georgia are serving under my orders. Our Cabinet has not yet promul gated its resolution on the late movements of the English in Persia, and the relations between the Sultan and Mebemet Ali; but no doubt is entertained of its intervention in favour of Persia, should England continue hostilities, for the treaty of peace of Turochousk imposes upon Russia the obligation to assist Persia in case of aggression from a foreign Power. Besides, our political and commercial interests would not per mit us to remain passive spectators of so unequal a contest. Duke Maximilian of Leachtenberg will shortly arrive at St. Petersburg, and it is said that one of the most important posts of the State will be conferred on him. In the course of the month the Emp eror i ntends to ta k e a j ourney i nto t h e i nter i or, i and n that case will probably proceed to Kischenew, in Bes sarabia, to inspect the division of the army, and also to Sebas topol to review the fleet." " Letters from Cracow," says the Augsburg Gazette, "an-. flounce that the measures taken by the three protecting Pow ers of that free State to save it from the fresh machinations of a party anxious only to disturb and compromise its repose, bave been extremely efficacious. Order is now restored in Cracow, but it is still more deplorable that a few dissatisfied, or ultra-revolutionary individuals, should be enabled to pro voke, by the disorders of which they are the cause, measures similar to those already taken, or about to be adopted. The corps which have been °rioted march from Podgorzo to Cracow will probably be joined ere long by other troops from more remote districts." " This hypocritical article," says the Courrier Francais, " will deceive nobody as to the real au thors of the events that are seized upon by Austria and Russia as a pre text for completing the oppression of the last wreck of Poland." PROGRESS OF FRENCH POSTAGE. (From La France.) We find in the Annuaire des Postes, published by the post office administration in France, some statistics given respecting this service. We at first remark the progression of its re ceipts. In 1821 they were 23,892,698 f. In 1830, 33,727,649 f. In 1831, 33,240,319 f. In 1832, 34,164,604 f. In 1833, 35,361,599 f. In 1834, 36,171,362 f. In 1835, 36,036,599 f. And, lastly, in 1837, 37,405,510 f. The number of letters circulated by the post was, in 1821, 45,382,151. In 1830 this number rose to 63,817,260, and in creased, from year to year, to 78,970,561, which is that of 1836. This, for this last year, gave an average of 216,383 letters daily. In this number of 78,970,561, 19,223,915 letters must be reckoned as rated or franked at Paris, 54,966,416 in the departments; 5,073,230, the circulation of which has been restricted withi❑ the rural arrondissement of each bureau. The number of dead lettres (lettres tombees en rebut) has not followed the general progression. Since 1830 this num ber varied from 1,475,900 to 1,945,183 ; it was only 1,581,698 in 1836. The letters of the authorities, distributed freely, are not comprised in these results ; they form about a third of the total number of letters which pass through the pr st-offiee ; and yet, notwithstanding the considerable mass of administrative de spatches, the expedition of these affairs does not appear more Active in the bureaus. The conveyance of Journals, and the printed matter by the pon, has not always followed a progressive advance since 1830. That same year it was 39,947,875, of which 32,334,280 were d e s i :atched from Paris. It rose yearly till 1834, when it was 50,803,351, of which 39,255,875 were despatched from Paris; since, it had fallen to 49,286,000 in 1834; it kept a little above tiiztt in 1835 ; and at length again descended, in 1836, to 46,250,930. The average daily being 126,712. In this quantity, 37,871,190 were sent from Paris. The diminu tion for 1836 overbalances the journals of departments, which, from 11,137,000 in 034. have fallen to 7,844,000 in 1836. The number of depoLs_ d'argent in the bureaus had been, in 1836, 668,378, amounting' to a sum of 15,436,797 f. 76c. In 1832, much higher, having ba,en 866,104, giving a sum of 18,264,298. These figures may give some idea of tLe extent of the ser vice of the post to letters in France, and of th. manifold acti vity which the progress of commerce has impressed on it dur ing 15 years. An inquest was held on Monday in King-street, ,Seven Dials, on the body of Joseph Smith, a brass-founder, avd twenty-six, who committed suicide by cutting his throat with a table knife. The widow of the deceased stated that ber inzsbana bad for some time past been in a low dejected state of mind. which was owing to his circumstances being so narrow as to prevent him from completing a small steam engine, respecting which he bad evinced great anxiety. On Friday night he was so deranged that witness was afraid to go to bed. Between twelve and one o'clock he became quite ontrageous, and struck and bit witness very much. Her screams brought assistance, and a strait waistcoat was ob tained from the workhouse; but before it arrived her husband cut his throat in a dreadful manner. Immediately afterwards he fell on the floor and expired. After other witnesses had been examined, who spoke to the poor man's state of mind of late, the jury returned a verdict of " Temporary derange- Went." A young man named Shackle was brought into St. George's Hospital at an early hour yesterday morning, suffer ing under se v ere in j uries received from being run over by a waggon. It appeare d that be had been driving a waggon in the neighbo urhood of Ba y swater, when by some a the wheels t ccident he fell, and befo re be could re g ain his footing., one of passed over his chest, crushing it in a frightful manner. e Every attentio n was p aid to him at the hospital, but withoutn effect, as he die d about two hours after his admission. An inquest will be held on the body this day. An inquest was held yesterday at Guy's Hospital on the body of Frances Gladman, a child between three and four years old. It appeared that the child had gone down stairs in the course of Monday night with a lighted candle in her hand, when by some accident her clothes caught fire, and she was so severely burnt as to survive only a few h children so ours. The jury strongly censured the practice of allowing young Verdict—" Acc idental Death." to carry lights abou t. On Sunday the pastor of the Primitive Methodists' congregation at Donnington, in the efforts of his zeal in preach ing to his congregation first pulled off his coat, then his waist coat, and, as be was suiting the action to the word, he seized the brass candlestick and threw it amongs t the congregation. We are happy to say .6 no further misch; ft ook p c la e Lin colnshire Chronicle. An inquest was held yesterday in Warner-sii - :_ t, Old Kent-road, on the body of an elderly female named Vigs, who committed suicide by hanging herself. Deceased had been blind for twelve years, and lived with her daughters, who treated her very kindly. She had frequently been heard to complain that time hung heavy ou her hands since her me lancholy visitation. Verdict—" Temporary derangement." CORN-LAW FALLACIES, WITH THE ANSWERS —, - (Continued from The Sun of Monday.) 212. But suppose this effect not to take place : suppose that, in consequence of the unrestricted admission of foreign grain, the price of subsistence is permanently lowered to the British consumer, we deny that any benefit whatever would in the end accrue to the working classes of Great Britain. If, indeed, they could succeed in maintaining their money-wages at their present level, they would be very great gainers indeed by the change; although the withering effect of the destruc tion of the agricultural classes would, in the end, come to re act on this temporary prosperity of the manufacturing classes. But could the manufacturing operatives, or any class of la bourers, keep their money-wages up at their present level, if a permanent reduction in the price of the necessaries of life had taken place? Nothing is clearer than that they could not. The money-rate of wages, wholly independent of the price of provisions from year to year, is entirely regulated by it, other things being equal, from ten years to ten years. If by the free importation of foreign grain the money price of it is reduced one-half, the ultimate result will be, that wages will fall one-half also.—Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, No. 277, for November 1838, Art. The Corn-laws.—[Ex tracts from Blackwood's concluded from The Sun of Monday.] ANSWER.—The working classes know better. They know that if the price falls one-half, their wages will fall, but not by one-half. They know that if corn is cheaper, it is because there is more of it to be consumed ; and that more cannot be consumed, unless they, the numerous classes, consume more. They know, consequently, that when corn is cheap, their wages must be such as to enable them to consume more. That is to say, they must get more corn for an hour's work, or a bushel of corn for the work of fewer hours ; and vice versd. 213.—1 t is impossible it can be otherways ; for even if the reduction did not ensue from any other cause, it would inevi tably be brought about by the great impulse given to popu lation, and consequent multiplication of labourers, under the influence of undiminished money-wages and augmented ease of circumstances, and an increased durable fall in the price of the necessaries of life.—/d. A.—Population is happiness ; just as seeing their children destroyed by want or over-work, is misery. What is it to the Corn•law tyrants, if the operatives chuse to lay out their improved wages in population ? 214. —Past history and present experience alike concur in demonstrating this important fact. In the time of the Norman Conquest the price of wheat was from three shillings and six pence to five shillings a quarter: but, nevertheless the la bourers had not half the command of the necessaries and con veniences of life they have now, for the money-wages of labour were a halfpenny a-day during the remainder of the year, and a penny in harvest.—ld. A.—Do not attack us with the Norman Conquest ; it was too like the time present, when the feudal tyrants ride over us rough-shod. But hear Hallam, who is quite as likely to be correct as the other. " There is one very unpleasing remark which every one who attends to the subject of prices will be induced to make, that the labouring classes, especially those engaged in agriculture, were better provided with the means of subsistence in the reign of Ed. 111. or Hen. VI. than they are at present. In the 14th century, Sir John Cullum ob serves, a harvest man had fourpence a-day, which enabled him in a week to buy a comb of wheat ; but to buy a comb of wheat, a man must now (1784) work ten or twelve days ( Hist. of Hawsted, p. 228.) So under Hen.Vl., if meat was at a farthing and a half the pound, which I suppose was about the truth, a labourer earning threepence a-day, or eighteenpenee in the week, could buy a bushel of wheat, at six shillings the quarter, and twenty-four pounds of meat for his family. A labourer at present, earning twelve shillings a-week, can only buy half a bushel of wheat, at eighty shillings the quarter, and twelve pounds of meat at sevenpence. * * I should feel much satisfaction in being con vinced that no deterioration in the state of the labouring classes had taken place ; yet it cannot, 1 think, appear ex traordinary to those who reflect, that the whole population of England, in the year 1377, did not much exceed 2,300,000 souls, about one-fifth of the results upon the last enumeration, an increase with which that of the fruits of the earth cannot be supposed to have kept an even pace —Hallam's Middle Ages, iii. 9. It is reasonable enough that twelve millions should not live in a given island, as well as a fifth of that number used to do ; unless they can increase the quantity of food by im portation. And here it is that the feudal tyranny steps in to prevent. _ Again, it was remarked by Sir John Fortescue, that the English lived far more upon animal diet than their rivals the French ; and it was natural to ascribe their strength and courage to this cause (Difference between Absolute and Limited Monarchy, p. 19). Alas, the beef-eating days of the English labourer are gone. Consult the New Poor-law records, for the ounces of bacon ha gets in a twelvemonth. 215. —Provirions ate incomparably cheaper ie Poland and in Russia than in this country ; but are the Polish or Russian peasants half as comfortably fed, lodged, or clothed, as the correspondibg classes in this country ? Every one knows that so far from being so, or obtaining any benefit whatever from the cheap price of provisions in their own country, they are, in truth, the most miserable labourers in Europe, and feed upon miserable rye-bread, in the midst of the splendid wheat crops which they raise for the more opulent consumers in this country.—ld. A.—Tenterden steeple, that was the cause of Goodwin Sands. What the working classes get, depends every where on the proportion between the work that is to be done, and the number that are to do it. If the Polish or Russian peasants are willing to breed down to rye, that forms no reason why the British manufacturer should be cut off from foreign sales, as a step to-wards bringing him to rye too. And the same for all the rest. 216.—As little is there any foundation for the opinion which commonly passes as an axiom incapable of dispute with the opponents of the Corn-laws, that a free trade in grain with the Continent would immensely extend the market that would be opened for our manufactures in the states benefited by our purchases of grain. For, in the first place, what secu rity have we that these grain countries, particularly Russia, Poland, and Prussia, which are at this moment entirely sub ject to the influence of the Czar, will ever make any conces sions in return for the favour of their produce ? All past ex perience demonstrates that they will gladly accept any relaxa tion on our part in favour of their agriculture, but as strenu ously resist any relaxation on their part in favour of our menu factures.—ld. A.—We do not want concessions in return. We shall be glad enough to have them, but we are not such fools as to wait for them. We want to have the advantages we might have to-morrow, if the government of the landed interest would let us. We want only what foreigners are begging us to take. The endeavour, therefore, to persuade us we ought to wait for something to be done by foreign ers, is to be viewed as of the nature of an attempted hoax. 217.—Their reciprocity is all on one side. They will thankfully take everything, but give nothing.—ld. A.—They will surely give us corn ; which is what we want. It is a pure leading off from the question. The question is, whether we are to be allowed to take what fo reigners are quite willing to give us ; and not whether we can or cannot get from them something totally distinct, which goes under the title of reciprocity. All that fol lows about the Prusso-Germanic league, and the Cabinet of the Tuileries, and Sweden and Norway, and Belgium and Portugal, is a prolongation of the same attempt, viz. to substitute the question of whether foreign nations will take off certain duties on our manufactures, for the ques tion whether our manufacturers shall be allowed to pur chase corn with such of their manufactures as foreigners are quite willing to take. In fact the great feature of the Prusso-Germanic league, and others of the appearances alluded to, is, that they impose prohibitions on our manu factures, with the avowed object of forcing us to take their corn and timber in payment for our goods. The manufacturers are shut out from foreign commerce at two ends at once ; once to please the landed tyranny at home, and another tim e i n consequ ence of the exertions of fo reigners to br ea k d own th a t tyranny by retaliation. for our 218.—But even if i t were ot h erw i se , and we possessed a perfect security th a t b y a b o li s hi ng t h e duties on foreign corn, we should s uccee d i n o b ta i ning a f ree importation goods into the northern states, we positively deny—and of _ here is the v it a l p o i nt o f the argument—that suc h extension the forei gn mar k et wou ld , upon the whole, affor d any b ene fit to the British manufacturers. No one, indeed, can for an in stant doubt that if our manufacturers could retain the home market for their produce at its present level, and at the same time obtain, by the free importation of foreign grain, a pro portional extension of the foreign market for their produce in the great grain states of the Continent, they would be very great gainers indeed by the change. But would they be able to do this ? And wsuld not the transference of our orders for grain from domestic to foreign agriculturists necessarily in duce as great a diminution in the home market for our manu factures as it occasioned an increase in the foreign ?—ld. A.—Telling the manufacturers that the home market which gives them two bushels of corn for a yard of cloth, is as good as the foreign market which gives three ; and that they ought to set off one against the other. Advising the men of Birmingham to keep fast their gates, and live on the corn grown in flower-pots within their walls, because to open them would only be " a transference of their orders for grain frout domestic to foreign agriculturists," and must " necessarily induce as great a diminution in the home market for their manufactures as it occasioned an increase in the foreign." 219.—1 f, in consequence of living in great part on Polish grain, the Polish landholders and cultivators are so much en riched as to be able to purchase a greater quantity of our ma nufactures, it is quite clear th at t h e British farmers, who at nre sent exclusively supply the home market, would be impo ' to the same extent, and that what is gained at the verisne“ is a yard of wcu , l 4 b to e l s o a s y t at t thee menother. wh purchase jod. would be superseded by men who cloth with two 'Which the one A e . — nd, That with tbrce. manufacturers are in purchase it . bushels, vited to believe, is losing at one end what is gained at the of her. T ;erg can bs - no doubt of tte manufacturers being a stupid race. Without having ascertained that fact, nobody would take such liberties with them. 220.—8ut, in truth, this is putting the argument a great deal too favourably for the anti-Corn-law party; for nothing can be clearer than that, by such a transfer of agriculture from the British islands to the shores of the Vistula, the possible, or perhaps probable extension of the market for our manufac tures, by the increased wealth thrown into foreign states, would hear no sort of proportion to the certain diminution of the home market from the depression of our agriculture. Mr. Smith hang ago stated, that the most profitable trade for every state is that which is carried on between the town and the country, and that the home market for our manufactures is worth all foreign markets put together. It is a much more profitable thing to have a good market in our next-door neigh bour than in a distant state.—ld. A.—As long as it is a good one. But it is not a more profitable thing to have a bad market in our next-door neighbour, than a good one in a distant state. The ques tion is between taking two bushels for a yard of cloth from our next-door neighbour, and three bushels from the dis tant state. Why do men ever walk across the street for a better market, when they might have the other for stand ing still? 221.—1 f ten millions' worth of Baltic grain is purchased for the supply of the British market, a considerable part of it will, no doubt, return to our operatives in the shape of an extended demand for British manufactures. But a much larger pro portion of the same sum will take that profitable direction, if it is laid out in the purchase of grain raised in Great Britain and Ireland. —ld. A.--If a million yards of cloth are sold to the home_ growers, two million bushels of corn are received by the manufacturers in return ; if they are sold in the Baltic, three millions. Here is the real question of returns. A man wants to exchange his cloth for corn to eat ; and the attempt to frighten him into taking the smaller quantity in stead of the greater, by the threat of what may happen afterwards, is a mere money fallacy. The trade takes place then, and not afterwards. A man must not be frightened out of the exchange he may make now, by the ghost of some exchange he is told will or will not take place i❑ a state of things that is to come. 222.—Further, it appears, from the most correct calcula tions which have recently been made, that the total amount of agricultural produce annually raised in Great Britain and Ire land, is two hundred and forty-six millions sterling ; and the total amount of its manufactures annually reared is only one hundred and forty-eight millions. —ld. A.—This and all that follows of the same kind, is only the argument of the foot-pad, who should resist the hear ing of the complaint of the robbed man, on the ground that he was a poor devil with his pockets turned inside out, by the act of him the robber. If the manufacturers are the poorest, it is because they have been robbed. Let them rob the agriculturalists long enough, by a tax upon home grown corn, and see who will be the poorest then. But the statement of numbers advanced, is not to be taken without examination. It is not long since one of the speakers at agricultural meetings was fairly admitting, that the manufacturing and commercial population was double the agricultural. The truth may lie between both ; but wherever it is, it is of little reel importance to the argu ment. The question is, who robs not who are richest or most numerous afterwards. 223.—Further, when the working-classes are to exceed ingly willing to impose upon the British fa rmers t h e b ur d en of unrestrained foreign competition, are they equally ready to give them the benefit of a similar burd en o f restr i ct i ons exist ing in favour of their ownindustry ?—ld. A.—They are ; at least the wise ones. STROUD had the honour of being the first place to declare the desire, that all manufacturing monopolies might be swept away, on condition that the great monopoly, of corn, was swept along with them. Of course there are little jobbing blockheads among the manufacturers, as there are elsewhere ; and it is not exactly to any set of the immediately concerned, that we are to look for strict justice against their own side. But there is or ought to be a public, and there is or ought to be a Government, to settle these matters without reference to the wishes of knaves on either side ; and if something of this kind is not forthcoming soon, the working classes will do the business for them. 224.—Perharw, the most effectual way to stop the senseless clamour on this subject would be for the agricultural interest to besiege Parliament with petitions that, in the event of the Corn-laws being repealed, all duties on foreign manufactures should at the same time be swept away ?—ld. A.—Let them begin to-morrow. It will hasten the conclusion of the siege. 225.—Holding it, therefore, as clear that the manufactures raised for the export sale are not a half of those which are consumed in the home market, the question comes to be, even with reference to the interests of the manufacturing classes weveroirprodent to force on a change watch may seriously affect the property of those c 1 whose pro ductive industry constitutes the main-spring from which the wealth is obtained by which these manufactures for the home market are purchased?—/d. A.—That is to say, because the manufactures raised for exportation under the oppression of exportation, are less than those consumed by the oppressors on paying two bushels of corn instead of three,—do not destroy the op. pression, lest you should exchange a market that gives you two bushels, for one that gives you three. Apply the same reasoning to the growing corn in flower pots ; and suppose that you were told, that the trade you contrive to carry on outside in - spite of all that the owners of flower-pots can do to hinder you, is " not a half" of what you carry on with the growers in flower-pots inside, and therefore you ought to keep your gates shut, at the advice of the men of flower-pots. 226.—Considered merely as a matter of pounds, shillings, and pence, as a calculation of profit and loss, it is surely an unwise thing to attempt to push the lesser market at the expense of the greater—to seek to extend a distant market of half the dimensions, by crippling a nearer one of double. —ld. A.—To push the market that is profitable, be it greater or less, at the expense of the market that is at a loss ;—to extend the distant market by which we gain, by crippling the nearer one, were it of infinite dimensions, by which we lose. How long will the agriculturists whistle, before they whistle the manufacturers to the other ? 227.—8ut the case becomes incomparably stronger, and, in fact, altogether invincible, when it is recollected what is the differen ce b etween t h e description of persons w h o constitute the foreign and compose th e h ome mar k e t. The foreign mar ket is, in great p art , compose d o f i n di v id ua l s ow i ng allegiance toindependent potentates, and who either have been, or may become, our inveterate enemies. The home market is made up of our own countrymen, brothers, and friends, the bone of our bone, and flesh of our flesh—the sinews of the state, by whom its independence is to be maintained against foreign invasion, and its prosperity secured against domestic calamity.—ld. A.—This makes no reason why we should give our bro thers and friends for two bushels, what we might sell to other people for three. We do not deal so tenderly in ge neral, with the brother who takes from us the value of a bushel of corn ;we transport him to Botany Bay. Bro thers and friends of that kind, are not bone of our bone and flesh of our flesh, but a torment in the bone and a plague in the flesh ; and all we wish is to get rid of them the shortest possible way. By the same rule, we should never trade with the foreigner, while we can find a brother at home to take our goods off our hands for less. 228.—8ut the folly Of such a proceeding becomes still more apparent, when it is recollected that the power at whose mercy we are so d es i rous to p l ace ourse l ves, i n t hi s v i ta l artic l e o f national subsistence, is the very power whose hostility, at the same time, we have so much cause to apprehend—against whom the national passion is at this time so strongly arousing, arid between whom and thin eountry a more permanent cause of variance is t o b e f oun d i n t h e oppos i te ten d ency o f t h e i r national interests.—ld. A.—lt has been proved by personal experiment, that Czars arc in more danger from the stoppage of trade than we are. In fact, the mutual damage from the cessation of commerce, is the grand check to the game of war, which posterity must look to. And to weaken this check, and keep us all in the " fighting-cock" condition, ready to cut any throats our betters bid us, is an object of the feudal tyrants now, as it has always been. 229.—N0r is there the slightest foundation for the opinion which is sometimes entertained, even by well-informed persons, that, such is the magnitude of our manufacturing population, that the supply of the country with foreign grain has been, or soon will becomo a matter of necessity, and that the evils which have now been described, however great, are unavoid able. It appears, from the table quoted below, that there were, in 1827, 46,500,000 arable acres cultivated in Great o c nowers, th a t t h ey can And t o thi s are re ducible w Britain and Ireland , and 15,000,000 unculhntievatehe might uncultivated, mbuthiapparbole. of improvement, being , as nearl y as p oss ible , two acres under cultivation to each inhabitant. —ld. A.—The manufacturer is a fool, wh o is persuaded to alwaysewuorrpro curekits i elsewherex g tt r he weoen assurances hs e so n uu o r r u a sn g forc h T fora e . s htehe twelve. c peck of r o They can grow all that you will get, if you give them all that they will ask. It is nothing to the community if there are a million of acres to each inha bitant, if the final fact is that corn is not to be got out of them as cheap as it is to be had somewhere else. 230.—8ut, almost boundless as is the capability of increase in British agriculture, it canno t be denied th at it is necessarily lt liable to considerable variations of p rice, * *: is Or r essential importance, therefore, that som e means shoul d exist to provide against the severe vicissitudes of p rice p ecu liarly severe to a dense population, to which all latitudes, an d more especiallyall northern , latitudes, are subject. It is here that th e ad mirable wisdom of the present Corn-law becomes apparent; and it is by its operation that a p ermanent g r anary is provided for the subsistence of the peop l e in p er i od s when the home supply has, from unfavourable seasons, proved dePcient, and, when but for its operation, no such resource could Imp existed.—lS . _ A.—Pay double for your corn, and keep a quantity al- ways rotting in bond ; and so you will have a permanent granary. What would become of a private man's affairs, 1 if 1:2 ! fi , r ilfttr an ildmir, i,le wisdom 'of thiskiud ? 231.—Speculators purchase up grain largely on the Conti: nent during years of plenty, and store them in the British bonded warehouses, in anticipation of the rise of prices on the first unfavourable season. There the ample store lies innocu ous to the British farrier during seasons of prosperity, when it; aid is not required by the British consumer ; but no sooner does the expected period of adversity arrive than it issues forth in vast quantities to area the calamity, and diffuse the stream of plenty through every village and hamlet in the realm. —ld. A. How very nice !"--as somebody says of secret tribunals in Lady Morgan's " Princess." And all to en able the feudal people to rob the public of one quarter of corn in three. 232. —And it is particularly worthy of observation that this admirable effect could not possibly have taken place if an un restricted trade in cons had existed ; and that it is the crea tion of the Corn-law, and the Corn-law alone.—ld. A,—Setordp the evil, and then the cessation of it will be a good. A man might as well put his finger in the fire for the luxury of taking it out again. This admirable effect could not possibly have taken place, unless the finger had been put in first. 233. —We are enjoying the full ben'fit of this wise provision at the present moment ; scarcity, perhaps famine, were staring us in the face, when they were averted by the fund which le gislative wisdom had providod ; and, when the blind and mis led manufacturers are clamouring for a repeal of the Corn laws, they are indebted to those very laws, and to them alone, for the rescuing of themselves and their families from want during the next twelve months.—ld. A. - -" They made the giants first, and then they kill'd them." What we ought to have been eating, is kept bobbing before our noses till it is rotten ; and then we are told to be thankful for the tid-bit, -when it suits our masters to cry " Catch." Truly we are spaniels, and spaniel's fare is as much as we deserve. From the above sifting of the crack defender of the food monopolists, two things are evident. First—That the Corn-laws are fast going off. Secondly—That the industrious classes can secure that consummation, at any moment when they have the sense to agree upon it. (TO EX CONTINUED.) CASE OF MARY WOOLFREY. A letter has been published in the Times in explanation of the conduct of the Rev. Mr. Breeks, of which the following is the substance : In the course of the last summer the friends of a person of the name of Woolfrey, lately deceased, proposed to place a tombstone to his memory in the churchyard at Carisbrooke. It was exhibited for some time in the stonemason's yard, and from the singular and conspicuous character of its inscription naturally attracted much attention. Some members of the Church of England conceiving that the inscription was opposed to the doctrines of the Church, and therefore ought not to be received into the burial-ground, applied to Mr. Breeks on the subject, suggesting that he ought not to permit its erection. Shortly afterwards the parties made their application to Mr. Breeks for permission to erect the stone. He replied, that in his opinion the inscription was of such a nature that he could not possibly allow the erection of the tombstone, but advised the fiends of the deceased to apply to the Bishop of Winchester, stating, that if he (the Bishop) considered the tombstone unobjectionable, the difficulty would be removed, but till then he must decline sanctioning the erection of the stone. Mr. Breeks heard eo more of the matter till, to his great surprise, he was informed that the stone had actually been put up. The parties were then applied to, to know un der what authority they had acted. The answer at first was, that the Bishop had been written to and his sanction obtained. On further inquiry, however, it turned out that this was a gross misstatement. The Bishop, it is true, had been applied to, but had declined giving any sanction whatever to the erection of the stone, stating at the same time his opinion that the inscription was inconsis tent with the doctrines of the Church, and therefore ought not to be admitted. Mr. Breeks having thus ascertained the opinion of his diocesan, felt that he could not with propriety suffer the matter to rest. Accordingly application was made to the parties either to remove the stone or alter the inscrip tion. This application was repeated several times, and every influence was exerted to induce them to avoid the alternative of legal proceedings. These endeavours failed ; and Mr. Breeks then applied to the Bishop for advice as to the course he ought to take. The Bishop's reply was, that in his opinion the only proper course was to institute proceedings in the Ecclesiastical Court to compel the parties to remove the stone. He recommended, however, in the first instance, that the opinion of a civilian should be taken on the question. Ac cordingly a statement of the facts was laid before Sir John Dodson, the Queen's Advocate, who also advised that the only proper course was to institute proceedings. Under these circumstances another application was made to the parties apprising them of the opinions which had been taken, and pointing out the necessary alternative of a suit, unless the atone war rcr.ercd, or the iu,cription altered. This, however, was not attended to, and Mr. Breeks, with much reluctance, felt himself compelled to proceed. The tombstone in question has been erected in the most conspicuous situation in the churchyard, and has obviously been placed there for the purpose of attracting public notice. THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1838. STATE OF THE NAVY. (From the Examiner.) Louis Philippe is the King of Grocers, and the Times, very probably with truth, attributes to him, or his dictation, an ar ticle in the Journal des Debats, which begins about sugar and ends about navies. No one certainly would have expected a paper of high po litical pretension under the introduction graced with the rhe toric of the epicerie, " The sugar question appears to be on the eve of a solution." But in melting the sugar question the wholesale grocer also melts the British navy, and throwns in a boast, sweet to the French palate, on the maritime equality of France with the Queen of the Ocean : " In consequence of the strenuous exertions of the Go vernment of the R es t ora ti on , an d o f t h e st ill more deci sive measures adopted by the Government of July, the French navy possesses at present a materiel which does not fear a comparison with that of any other nation in the world ; f or if we str ik e out o f t h e pompous list of the British navy published by the British A dmiraity the ves sels unfit for sea, we shall find that Great Britain herself, the Queen of the Ocean, cannot muster a greater number of vessels than France. With those admirable ships—the scientifi c proportions and perfect armament of which are the envy of all other nations, we have a personnel of officers, who unite - to French valour, knowledge, experience, and dis cipline." Upon this text the Times puts forth a very angry article, which, as it is well written and able, is evidently not edito rial, and which, as it sets the fashion of tracing the parentage of anonymous writings, we should attribute to a gentleman of great talents not very scrupulously exercised, who once filled a high office in the Admiralty. The article is Croking, but clever. We extract a passage : " The boast may for all that, however, be not unfounded in truth. If so, what must every Englishman think of the nefari ous negligence of the same British Admiralty,' taunted by the French writer with the publication of a 'pompous' navy list, so fallacious as to be in part made up of vessels unfit for service ! We can believe anything disgraceful of Lord Minto's naval ad ministration, without the authority of the Journal des Debuts, for a fact so monstrous as that which it has stated, having had , so late as the last session of Parliament, the far higher tes timony of the Duke of Wellington, who told the First Lord of the Admiralty to his teeth that the British navy was in a state of lamentable decay, and unequal to the emergencies by which, even then, the peace of Europe and the safety of this empire were threatened. Every man in England will agree with us, when at the close of the war with Bonaparte we had 150 sale of the line, and France not more than 20 fit for ser vice, nothing can be so disgraceful as the conduct of the Admiralty, which has permitted a foreign and a rival power to come up with Great Britain within twenty years, notwith ,triet so vast a superiority. A navy list having been handed to us, we there find, upon the explanation of a pro fessional friend, that Great Britain does not now possess al together more than 75 sail of the line, about half the amount of her-fleet in the year 1815, besides 13 ships which are said to be building, some of the m w i t h li tt l e more than the keels laid down Of the 75 sail of the line, how few, besides the squadrons, making up altogether some 18 or 20 ships scattered over the whole world--how few, we repeat, are now fit for immediate service, should the existing broil with Russia pro ceed (as it must do), or the chronic jealousy of France break out in any sudden explosion!" We have quoted this passage for the sake of the concluding question, which does seem to us highly important. It may b e shown, it no doubt will be shown, that the ships which appear in the Navy List are not " faggot" ships, as pretended by the Journal des Debats, but ships fit for sea, and good in point of materiel; but the question about 4vhich we feel less confidence is, whether the ships in commission are properly manned, whether they have their full complements of men. We have too much reason to apprehend that so far from being generally in good fighting strength they are barely in working strength, barely furnished with crews adequate to the ordinary duties of the service—in a word, what is termed weak-handed. W e published some short time ago a statement to this effect from an excellent naval authority, who showed that the consequence of urdermanning our ships was such an increase of discomfort, worry, and toil to the men, as rendered the service odious, and destroyed the disposition to volunteer into the navy which it is so desirable to cultivate at any price in lieu of impressment. This i s a state of things which must be reformed. Ships, if wanting, can be built speedily enough, but seamen are not to be formed rapidly. Let no penny-wise and pound foolish system of pseudo-economy dry up the very life• blood of our naval power and resources. Every ship in commissio n should' be in the highest state of efficiently ; and of the two things, it would be more desirable to have fewer ships, and those overmanned, than more ships at sea, and those under_ manned. But the true wisdom and the true ecoriorey is to r. adapt the scale of the naval establishment to exiffencies re sent and probable, and to give it, to the extent of ita se p 4l . a, the most eernple;e ef. l.. eicncY: By 'suct ! , 4 1 . 40 • SyStem our y will be formidable in the eles popular at heRV: in the world, and -rd Lora at Holland House, Ken sington, from Paris. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. urPly there must sonic I realec p cfs,,,A (_:.,on,tion have no, yet been paid. I trust you will think with me, that it ought to be exposed in the public prints, and by giving it a place in your valuable Journal, much oblige A CHORISTER, Engaged at the paltry sum of 2/. 2s. for two days, and find his own surplice. Nov. 6, 1838. FENCING. AN INTRODUCTORY COURSE OF FENCING. LY GEORGE ROLAND, Fencing -Master of the Royal Academu, the Scottish and Naval Military Academy, the Edinburgh Academy, and Author of a Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Fencing, and an Introductory Course of Ggnznastics. " A very riband in the cap of youth, And needful too."—SHAKSPEARE. Edinburgh : Oliver and Boyd ; and Simpkin and Marshall, London. We have great pleasure in noticing this excellent in troductory work, on an art, which though not so much in vogue as it was a century or two ago, when every gentle man carried a sword, is yet an important—we had almost said, an essential requisite in the education of a gentleman at the present day. And perhaps the best service we could do, both to the work before us, and to the art of which it treats, for which we profess ourselves somewhat enthusias tic advocates, will be to quote some passages from divers weighty authorities in its favour, which form not the least interesting portion of this book ; merely premising that we allude to fencing with, the foils, the science, that is of the rapier, or small-sword, in contradistinction to what is called single-stick, or the use of the broad-sword ; the former being incomparably a more elegant, graceful exercise than the latter cut and thrust, and rather vulgar kind of work. Earl Chatham, writing to his nephew, says, " I am very glad you have taken a fencing -master ; that exercise will give you some manly, firm, and graceful attitudes, open your chest, place your head upright, and plant you well on your legs." Locke writes thus in his Treatise on Educa tion :—" Fencing is considered so necessary a qualification in the breeding of a gentleman, and has so many advantages in regard to health and personal appearance, that every gentleman ought to have so striking a mark of distinction." And some of our highest medical authorities speak in the strongest terms of the advantages to be derived from the exercise. Mr. Roland's work is an easy and perspicuous exposition of the art. Every movement is made plain and intelligible to the youngest begimier, while for more advanced pupils a variety of lessons are furnished, by which he may practise himself, even without the aid of a master. The whole is—as an elementary work should be—thoroughly simplified and practical, wnile, to prevent any possibility of mistake, it is enriched by numerous illustrative engravings, accurately representing every position, so that all the mysteries of guard and lunge, quart and tierce, circle and octave, are ocularly, visibly, demonstrated. We cannot conclude without mentioning that the author is brother to the veteran fencing-master, Roland, so well known in the Great Metropolis." GETTING TIP A NEWSPAPER. So many articles have been written upon the peculiar woes and troubles, cares and anxieties of Newspaper Edi tors, that the subject has became somewhat stale. For that reason we have always as much as possible avoided any allusion to the topics upon which so many Jeremiads have been written. To-day, however, in the absence of every thing like news, we are tempted to administer a little reproof to some people, who expect that every article, in every Paper, should suit every body. What would a shoemaker, for instance, say to a customer, who should find fault because every pair of boots in the store would not fit his foot ; and, thereupon undertake to tell him that he was no workman, but a bo.ch ? Or if he even were more reasonable than this, and merely denounced all boots that did not fit him'as good for nothing, and useless to every body, would he not write himself down an ass Yet such is precisely the conduct of those who measure a newspaper by their own standard of taste, and expect it uniformly to conform to that. Now be it known to such sapient judges, that the endea vour of an experienced caterer for a Newspaper, is to avoid pleasing them every day, If a shoemaker turned out all his work upon one last, he would find his patrons in a mi nority of the boot-wearing public. The best evidence of editorial skill is to present such a varied melange, from day to day, as shall offer to all tastes, not too hypercritical, a chance to find something for their peculiar gratification. Other critics expect uniform correctness, and infallibility in a Newspaper. They would have it that Editors should be perfect in knowledge, upon all subjects, incapable of error, and above the failings to which poor human nature is liable. They expect comments upon all that is passing in the world, and that rumours be published while they are new—and that there must notwithstanding be no mistake in any statement. There must be no omission of any cir cumstance—no delay to procure attested accounts—and yet the story must be such as to leave no errors to be cor rected. A very little reflection would show such critics that they are expecting a little more than they would like to be compelled themselves to accomplish. Having had some years experience in conducting a Newspaper we have arrived at some philosophical conclu sions that enable us to keep the even tenor of our way without any feelings of annoyance from impudent anony mous letters, impudent advice, impudent comments, suits at law for libels, or any of the other disagreeables to which the profession is subjected. We endeavour to tell the truth in all matters of fact—to do justice to all individuals and communities where comment is necessary—to expose vice without fear or favour—to defend the right in all that pertains to our province. That we effect all this, is not pretended—as no claims are made to perfection, One word at parting, and we have done. We have no complaint to make of the bearing of the readers proper of the Sun toward the Paper. Their approval is sufficiently indicated by the circulation of the Paper, which exceeds that ever enjoyed by any other periodical in the country. Among thirty thousand purchasers of the Paper, it is but reasonable to expect that every day's Paper will not suit every purchaser. So, all we have to say is, if you do not like to-day's Sun—wait for the next Paper.—NewYork Sun. THE MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS. (Continued from The Sun of yesterday.) HULL—The Reformers here appear to have been indiffer ent to results, and the municipal elections accordingly have terminated in the return of ten Reformers and four Tories-- the latter party, for the first time these three elections, obtain ing the advantage, and that only in a small degree. BEVERLEY.—We have here three Reformers, and three Tories. The political complexion of the council is not affected by this ; but we understand that the pasture question was made a prominent subject, and the advocates for the pastures remain ing as they are succeeded in displacing Messrs J. D. Dawson and Nutchey, two of the strongest asserters of the right of the borough to this property, STAasFO&D.-TlJe six Liberal candidates were defeated by intimidation and base influence; and the Stanford Mercury says that " prosecutions will arise from the proceedings of Thursday last," BOSTON.-Both parties strained every nerve to bring their friends up to the poll ; but the Reformers triumphed. In the two wards, each of which returns three, there were three Re formers in one, and two in the other. LINCOLN. —The Tories were beaten, though they fought well. The five Liberal candidates had an average majority over their opponents of about 70 votes. GLASOOW..—The election of municipal officers for Glasgow appears to excite considerable interest in that city. The election not having taken place this year before yesterday, we are not yet in possession of results. At Paisley, on the con trary, according to the Glasgow Chronicle, the elections this year are creating comparatively little interest, from the general understanding that the Reformers have it all their own way with the constituency, and that they will be able to return whoever they fix on. The Tories, after having been again and again fairly defeated in every ward in the town, now turn up their noses, like the fox at the sour grapes, and affect to say, " Who would go into the Council ?" The anniversary dinner of the East London Pension Society was held on Monday, at the London Coffee-house, Ludgate-bill. Upwards of fifty gentlemen were present, and the venerable Member for the County, Mr. Byng, acted as Chairman. This Society was founded in 1826, for the allow ance of pensions t o th e poor an d aged of both sexes residing within ten miles of London, whose only qualification is their being of good reputation, and having attained the age of sixty years, provided they have not been in the receipt of parochial relief for twelve months. Since its formation the Society has done considerable good, and well deserves encouragement. On Saturday night a young woman was found lying in a dit c h near Chalk Farm in a state of extreme misery, from starvation and the inclemency of the weather. It was with the greatest difficulty that she could be revived. Being admitted into St. Pancras workhouse, she stated her name to be Har riet Pulley, and that she had been in service at No. 226, Ox ford -street. She left her situation about three months ago and had not since been able to obtain another. She had been obliged to part with her clothes to procure food, and at length when nearly naked, she became a homeless wanderer, and her Miserable appearance preventing her application to those parties she had formerly been acquainted with, she bad for the last three or four days and ,nights wandered about the fields. Inquiries will be made into her case. STATE OF TRADE.—The demand is still tolera bly brisk, but the manufacturers find it difficult to realise the advance upon yarns, Wools are more in request. Shippi ng orders fer . spring goods are received, and it Is anticipated there will to a fair shipping business duTing the remainder of th e three ' Obituary inchve,s , year.—Lehi ad mirals, three captains, seven commanders, ten lieutenants, six masters, nine surgeons, six pursers, and cite captain an d trio lieutenants of marines, HIGH WATER AT LONOON BRIDGE TO.MOR. 7O W . 7 tes .titvr G I Evoniru: 5 mimite, ' 4 ' DOUBLE suN," CONTAINING BEAUTIFUL MEDALLION OF PORTRAITS SOULT AND YVELLINGTON, AND THE CORONATION WS PRINTED IN GOLD, WITH A BEAU TIFUL MEDALLION PORTRAIT!' OF THE QUEEN, MAY BE HAD 4 ° ALL NEWSMEN BOTH IN TOWN AND COUNTRY. SUN Office, 112, Strand, Nov. 7, 1838. This day was published, in One Volume, Bvo., with numerous Coloured Engravings and Wood-cuts. Price 14s. cloth boards. lit C U T C Or RANDOM SKETCHES, of Taken during a residence in one o f th e N ort h ern P rOV IIICe9 Western India, interspersed with Legends and Traditions. By MRS. POSTANS, Now and for some time past a Resident in the Province of Co° . Smith, Elder, and Co., Cornhill. —..---- ILLUSTRATED BY GEORGE CRUIKSHANK. COIVIPLETION OF OLIVER TWIS T ' By " ROZ." " 4 4 ' This new Work, by the Author of the " Pickwick Paper ! ' &c., was published this day by Mr. Bentley, New Burling t°, street, COMPLETE in 3 vols., p os t B vo ., price 255., bound, ein bellished with Twenty-four Illustrations by George Cruikshank• Orders received by all Booksellers in the United Kingdoms This day was published, THE SECOND EDITION OF MR. JAMES'S ROB BE I t. fl' " The best of Mr. James's romances. "—Spectator. " As full of the deepest interest, the sweetest philosophy, mirable portraits of character, and gorgeous and powerful &sel l , tions, as any book we have read for many y ears ."—C ourt J o ur° . " Full of incident and adventure."—Metropolitan Couservat i°e Journal. London : Longman, Orme, and Co. The publication of THE SUN NEWSPAPER commenced this d4' at 10 minutes past Three o' Clock LONDON : WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 7,1836' Nothing of l a t e h as g i ven us more sat i s f act i on o t to observe the honest and bold manner in which me t of different c l asses an d op i n i ons h ave come to speak of the Corn-laws. The hearty language of Mr. PA Vii TON at Manchester, which was listened to with thn ders of applause, and part of which we inserted 1 : our Journal of M on d ay , i s an ill ustrat i on of wha' s W e mean. Nor do the a d voca t es o f t h e l an d owner s 'min e e the matter. In f ac t, th ey never h ave m i nce d the rsat, ter, and always have stigmatized those who have deavoured to remove the various monopolies vai i ? ; check the growth of national prosperity, and inf il on society the ev il s o f a stat i onary or retrograle; condition, as being prompted by no other mat il te than envy or avarice, and as desiring only nt get possessi o n o f th e property o f ot h ers. At present the same ar ms are emp l oye d aga i nst t h em , an d they s re i.e described, not as mere l y d es i r i ng to appro priate property of o th ers , b ut as h av i ng actua lly, and far several years, most unjustly appropriated it. In a t : angry and queru l ous art i c l e attac ki ng M r . P.A.v" ° d which is a homage to his usefulness, the Herald to-day says that the aim of the Anti-Corn-law faction" including expressly the Association at Manchester"' the avowed aim " is not merely to rob and ruin lan d° owners and farmers, but, after having ruined the ir ' to convert th e i r d esperat i on i nto an instrument of ruining eve r y o th er c l ass w h ose possessions or pr i v ilege s may remain to be a question of desire to Mr. PAU L ; TON'S paym as t ers ." Thi s b r i ngs t h e matter to ed short iss ue . Th e C orn -l aws are no longer d e fend e as a means of securing national indtpendence, of P o r t , moting ag r i cu lt ure , an d of inr,:reasing employ nle se we are no longer required to investigate the P ree d difference of th e expenses of cultivation at h om e an ps abroad, no l onger required to consider the bur d en s f are sa id to we i gh exclusively on landlords gee farmers; the Co rn -l aws , or the tax which i s t h e pro of the Corn-laws, is their property, and to abolish th e laws is to rob the landowners and farmers. Th e i s it of th e consumers, t h e manufacturing and commercial classes, assert t h at t h e C orn-laws rob and Plunder t heme and thu s thi s i mportant quest i on, which has harms' est and perpl exe d t h e i nte ll ect of the most acute an d r et men of th e na ti on i s re d uce d to a narrow cluest.`°"st right a n d wrong . Th e l an dl ords have no occasion woo their scr ib es to wor k any l onger to prove that aboliti on o f t h e C orn -l aws would throw land outvo of culti va ti on an d l a b ourers out of emploYmed that it would first destroy the agriculturists 2. Vie next the manufact urers ; t h ey may rest secur e o n single high ground now taken for them by the Her a Let them prov e th at t h e C orn- l aws are their rope r tenty, arid the resp ec t f or property i s so strong that not a go men in the country will be found publicly to irr'P to l their ri g ht. I t i s p l a i n l y impossible, after these leer, accusations, th a t thi s quest i on can b e su ff ere d CO sbese or that it can b e d ec id e d on ot h er principles 'than of morality, or of right or wrong ? deePlY Our Anti-Ministerial Contemporaries are - oh distressed at fi n di ng t h at t h e people of Ireland, th°%• otherwise a qu i c k- w i tte d race, cannot be wa de 10 u f ° derstand the excess i ve injury that th e ex peuditl on o sd loan of some five or six millions sterling in th e re tion of railroads, under the direction of the u'r e t hei ment, would inflict upon that country. Pos sib./ a the small amount of the national, debt of Ireland , all A few , ' consequent inexperience of all but a favo ure d among the resident Irish in the managemen t (" ; j o ie . upon an extensive scale, prevents them from ent r er ri e rf mg that horror of monopolies so characteristic 01 iv' politicians on this side of the water. For th e ob , tu g s eo of Irish understanding s upon this point may -° o 7 w ed reasons might be advanced. England has b °rr n on and jobbed more extensively than any other oa ti ° l - o hn the earth, and, due allowance being made for n ji , Bull's habit of grumbling, our ° present i c-n to tion, social, moral, and intellectual, is not such'' make us envious of the happiness of any o f t" - I t to countries in which the Governments were •zonten, to , live within their i ncome . W e allude to tbis merely iiv, excuse the dulness of such Irishmen as see nn thini " p lo our fate to deter them from following our exarn c i a Eo Besides they may possibly suspect that there is a , n 0 of profitable and pleasurable vices which na ,, ti° ,, n p s ell' less than individuals, are always seeking to ' c li e s; tirely to themselves. Servants may loiter and tell aring but masters only cart assume the privilege of svve _ jot! roundly, breaking the S a bb a th, and publicly sa,corsoto; decency.. ,, , to 'pleasure. Loan -contracting sa vou bunt"' strongly of i n d epen d ence. J o bbi n g, like stag- Tories Ilevef is rol - Imperial amu s ement. The mi ce, trouble thems e l ves a b ou t the miseries whi ch ignm" __ol, compulsory idl eness , an d periodical famine , bring 7.0 - seq eo- Ireland. Th ey are never alarmed for the con . 'Pei of the vices engendered by hunger and despa g • , the r,, f a ilure 0 ' can talk with the greatest apathy of the _ iii i oo s potatoe crop—of the sufferings of n earl y two 01 .0 or f the finest co wl"' of people, located in one o --xv - 44A .H ,l L ‘..._ ~,,,- , • .*,. ~,, ,4 ..... . ..........._),y.,-v=3_,...4-47 . ' ° -",,,, ' ~,.„ • ,;.- , 1 , , • , . ~,, , WITH WHICH r THE " TRUE SUN" IS NOW INCORPORATED. _,I,