The Sun. — London, England, 1808-07-07 00:00:00

I E i; LAY REPORT. . COUkT OF . iti..lN'G's BENCI-1, TtiL? G. "fYTHES. - ISlr, ABBOTT obtained. Tide to • shew cause why a•\\'rit a Prohibition - should not be dire&ed to the Ecclesiastical Court tirtitChfield,•to prevent theta from :proceeding further in .an aaian for Tythes ) ‘ - v . iwre the question involved'was a temporal one ) and resptaed the 'custom of taking the eleventh cock instea 1 of the tenth, in tythitig barley and oats The grannd was ) that the Spiritual Ceuta had no "- THE HELDER IlittlZE-MONEY. . LORD DUNCAN . V. SIR ANDREW MITCHELL. An application was Made-to put otf' this trial diir= ing the absence of Sir George Collyer, who was sworn to Iva material witness. This was an a..tion fur a share of the Helder prize money,' arose many years since, and the motion was opposed upon the ground that the .Plaintiff only laid claim to ayiet's in future ; after 10,0001. should be appro priated, and that the • llitiritiff had been , non suited five years ago. The Court, however, grams() the itul4, upon condition that if Sir George Collyer, who is,expeCted home from the Braiils, should ar rise, lie should be examined on interrogatories. BLEWETT 1). MARSDEtf. This was an action upon a till of Exchange., and to which theDefendanthad pleaded ! wo Sham Pleas : a judgment recovered in the. Court of Exche r quer in Scotland ; next, a judgment recovered in the Uuurt of Pted-Pouclre; in the Fair of St. Barthulo•• mew, at the last fair held there. Mr. PARKE bad obtained a rule calling on the Detendant'to spew cause why judgment should not be signed against him, notwithstanding the 'above Pleas, on the - ground that the last of them '.was a inockery,•and an insulrto t,ne Court, the Court of Pied Potdre being milonger in exist e nce, and on ly quoted as matte r <lf ridicule. The Defendant had -been served with a . 1191e10 abgle by his Plea, or' plead ixstanter. . The A' , JoRNEY-LiENERAL • now sheaved cause against the Rule, saying, " I am very sorry flan this cam is brought before the • 7 Court, be cause this , is not subject on which 'we ought_ to exercise our ingenuity ; at the same time one is too apt to cast blame upon .the attorney in such a cash as this.—l think, considering.all things, it would be very hard.--I eery much disapprove of the practice of putting on Om Ctiurt the troublesome consider ation of different sorts of Pleas which have in them no merit whatever. I know very well, however, that without some' aid. Hof this' description, toduor certain circumstances•-great 'hardships may fall on e Defendant, which "lie 'may' hi some degree aveil by means of a Shaul Plea. - But the present does not appear to be a • case in which the Court is balled upon to decide a difficult .point of law, as in orne instances is the case by means of a Sham 'Plea. But, however ludicrous this Plea of Judg ment recovered in the Court of Pied Poudre may appear, yet I do not see how to distinguish it in principle from that of a Plea of Judgment in the Court of Common Pleas, when that Plea is false ; and therefore the question here really is, whether the Court shall heueefOrward call for an at to verify a dilatory Plea, as it does in the case of a Plea in abatement ?- If not, I submit that the Court will not interfere in this case. I Shall speak really with a view to the future con- . du& both, of the Bar and of Attornies.—l think that if your Lordships should suffer this Rule to be enlarged, I do not mean by' that to take ad -vantage by the time that would thereby be given, foY no time can be gained by this Plea' in this case. I do not like to argue On Such-a subject as this; but •-whatever Pleas have been pleaded in this case, there has - been a Motion . Rtr"th6 Defendant t o a bid e b y . his plea, o r plead another bye which he will abide, - and he has abided- by it ; so that yotir Lordships see that although' this is not such a plea as can be called serious, yet the 'party is not placed by it in a situation different from that in which he would have • been if he had pleaded a judgment - recovered in the Court of Common Pleas, or in any other well known Court or place." Mr. Justice BA LEY.. " Is not this an a6lion upon a Bill of Exchange ?" Mr. ATToRNEy-GENERAL—" Yes." Mr. Justice. BAILEY._ " Then the Plaintiff might have had judgment in this term if this Plea • had not been.pleaded, by referring it to the Master to com pute principal and interest upon the Bill of Ex change." Mr. Justice GRoSE.--=. l( This arises from our prac tice not being lilAe Oat of the Common - Pleas." • A.Trottark.Y-GlsSlcaat....—" The Role would not apply to this case, because this is a single plea." CHIEF JUSTICE.—" I -"cannot help thinking that there is a great difference between the Court's not inquiring very nicely into the truth of a plea of judgment recovered; nor would it 'perhaps be too severe on the party who availed himself of that mode of pleading to gain time. The• Court would not in quire minutely into the fads ; but when a suitor of the Court so impudently,puts on the face of his plea, totally without foundation, *a falsehood, which ought, instead of being called . "« a ilea in his behalf," it should be,'and, if we encourage thisTrattice, I sup - pose will be styled, a Sitar: Plea hi his behalf, which would be disgracefal. to the Court, that should • be resented by the Court: But'the Party who Shews a respect for the Court,•and conducts' himself with de corum, will 'hot be regarded in the same measure. I know, in point of fat% that these pleas of jUdg- Anent recovered are pleaded and the Court has been srimetime-puft to much thdonvenience" in deciding minute points thud brOught before it by special pleas ; cud the Court is not extreafiely nice in Illtrking what is done amiss. But the :court must n o t b e made the vehicle of indecent jests ; and the Court fins frequently been put to much trouble on account of the Sham Pleas, as to the manner ofdisposingof them, for theynow and then introduce the' greatest nicety in pleading.' The ATTORNEY GENERAL.--" No such incon venience can arise here, for no boy who has been in an office tor-half a year would have any difficulty in knowing how to reply t'O this plea." . Curt)? insTlCE:,_ ,t But these Sham Pl ea are . multiplied upon us ; ifid• I do not see why we rhotilei que3tiohi of tiiec.t . ty which tla;tist oc c a porkion of that .thrie of which we have out too wtich.- Mr. Justice LE BL ANC. —" Too much ingenuity entnitnot be indulged in.the Irarning of a plea." Mr. -ATTORNEY GE NER A•Le• -- " : 111e application `which is made on the part Of t h e Pl a i ntiff is, t h at h e should:be at liberty to sign judgment ,as for want of a plea:' • CHIEF 4SIICE.--"Yes,l think that thil only way in-coring the party to-a sense of the chierenCe between the present acid a decent mode of pleading, is,to make this plea pass fur nothing.". Mr. Justice - La BLANC.—" It is, high time to cor re6t this prance." Mr. Justice GROSE.—." All this is intended to ren der it difficult to'reply." • CH 61 , dtiSTICE.....-•" These. things give a great deal -of trouble, and consume time, and I remember Mr. Justice LAWRiNCE taking notice of this abusive prac tice. There really is 'an indecorum -iu this plea which the. Court 'cannot suffer." Rule absolute for judgment, notwithstanding this plea. OLIVER V. COMPTON. 'This was - an action to recover damages sustained by the Plaintiff, the,sliip of the Defendant having rundown the vessel of Xlaintiff. The Plaintiff re sides in England, the Defendant in Scotland, without the limits of the jurisdiction of the Court. The ap plication was brought by Mr. ADANs, jun. to shew cause why the trial should not be deferred, the Captain and the sail-maker of the Defendant's ship being abroad in Jamaica, and being important witnes,es. The ATTORNEY-GENErtAL resisted the rule. He said that the Defendant had taken every means to elude the purposes of justice. He supposed that he could not be, brought within the authority of an English Court; and, therefore, hp presumed to write to the Plaintiffa letter of defiance, saying that he would not pay - tid: for the injury his ship had occasioned, threatening, that if an aCiioh Werebrought into a Court of Scotland, he would set up a counter-claim ; and 'intimating' that the youngest of the parties, from the delay incident to the proceedings, would ndt be likely to outlive the ultimate determination. It was, however, a little unlucky for the Defendant, that he afterwards had a Ship which came within the, juris -dielion of the Court of Admiralty, and-this ship was 'very prudently attached by the Plaintiff. The date of the letter of defiance was in o.etober, the attach-. ment. was in December, and the'attion was brought in January last. The,Learned Counsel said that his Client bad already expended 14b1. in bringing his Witnesses here, and he-hoped the rule for procras tination would not be granted, unless the Defendan't would pay the charge of the subsistence of those wit nesses until' the time of trial. _ Lord ELLENBOROUGH—" No circumstances have been shewn to satisfy the Court that there has been any Wilful delay, and I see no objection to deter the trial, if the Defendant will bring into Court the costs already incurred, to be impounded, and to abide the event of the trial." Mr. ADAM—" The Defendant is solvent, and - fully competent to answer any demand of this nature." Lord ELI ENBOROUGH—" Then there will be no difliculzy in his - compliance with tlipterms on.which. • the rule is granted." THE KING V. FORRESTER. In our report of this case, yesterday, we unin tentionally erred, by stating, that application for a Critninal Information against George Forrester„Esq. 'Scc. at the of the Rev. Mr. Wardel, was granted. The fact was, that the Court refused the Rule: re. commending at the same time, that the parties should apply to the Ecclesiastical Court. —This was the last day of term. PCLICE . Bow- . STlthri%-;-- 4 Vesterclay a man Was brOtight beture Mr.-GRAHAM' charged its suspicion o: !rov ing CM a, young womaii"s throat in the neighbour= hood of Hampstead, on ,Tuesday ~evening, The ground of suspicion is extremely slight ; it is as fol loWs :—The man had been at work on Tuesday as a haymaker, for the. Earkof It"faFiSfield; betwee n eight and nine o'cl oc k iris the'e% : duip g he was observ ed by three men sitting °pa bank in a lane, by.the side of a young wom a n ; on . their approach h e ; called to' them for assistance when they came up they found the young woman's throat was cut; and blood was flowing very fresh froth the wound; they went in pursuit of a Surgeon ; while they were gone two men, : who had been at work TIX 1 . 1 11 the prisoner in the course of the day\ for the Earl of Mansfield, passed by, and assisted him in conveying the young woman to the nearest public-house, where Mr, .Snow, a surgeon„ soon arrived, who examined the wound, dressed it, and pronounced it not dan gerous, the wind-pipe nut being cut through,:and had but little doubt of her surviving, Tile young woman remained insensible, and not able to tell how she came by the wound, and the prisoner having been seen with her under 'suspicious circumstances i he was taken into custody. She is a servant in a fa mily at Hampstead. Mary Haynes was charged with stealing Martha Phillips, the infant chid of Jesse Phillips, a glass idler, of Drury-lane.—The infant is about four, years of age. About half-past six o'clock, on `T ues d ay evening, she was playing near her' father's door, when the prisoner was observed _to take her up in her arms, and had taken her aboUt five doors off, when she was stopped.—The prisoner was com mitted for further examination. i t Yl A KLBOhOUdEI-STIEET.---Yesterday John Hunt, and another post•boy in the seri)ice•of Mr. Wilson, of Port; .an-street,, POrtman-square,hackneyman, were charged with irritating ,the horses drawing a sociable, and being insolent to the passengers. The facts were these : two Gentlemen. and• two Ladies had hired the carriage, &c. to take them down to Ascot Heath ItaceS. At one time they drove so slowly, that every :carriage : on the road distanced them. When spoke to, Hunt was particularly aliu sive,"and the other manjoined him in the insolent language. They then drove for some time with such fury, that the company were afraid of the coach being overturned. In the same manner they drove alternately extremely slow,or violently fast„all the way almost, frequently abusing the Gendeinen when Iliey attempted toremonstrate w iththern as to theirconduel. The master said, that he brought - these.men before a Magistrate only that!' the example might be'ilie means of deterring other coachmen from'aeriiiig' in' A .similar manner. The man Hunt sald,-that ho kneW how to manage horses better than the Gen-ftenien, and besides that 'they were not his masters. Ihe Magistrate, however, informed him that every per son who hired. a carriage of any sort, was for the time the rhaster of the servant that drove it, as nnich as if he had engaged him to ser ve by the year. Th e fads were fully and clearly proved, and he never felt more satisfaCtion in the. performance oL . any a& of public justice than he did in ordering therm to be commuted to prison for a month. WORSHIP-STREET.-Yesterday Stephen diked. a young man about nineteen years of age, was charged with a street robbery. The prosecutor, Joseph Ro bertson, stated, that on hiS way home he wasae costed in Old-street Road, by the prisoner, together w ith a woman, whom he could not secure, and that they forcibly took from him a . , silver watch, with chain and seals. Whilst the prisoner was +ander exa mination,' a woman came into the Office, who offered to coutradiCi the substance of the prosecutor's evidence; but he immediately recognized her - to be th e woman who was in company with the prisoner when the robbery took place,' and it afterwards turned out that she passed as the prisoner's wife.--4 They . were both committed for trial. MANSION HOUSE.—Yesterday the Gentleman who was fOitnerly examined before the LORD MAYOR, charged on suspicion pf robbing a parish church in Bishopsgate-street, of all the church plate to the amount of 4601, again underwent a long ex amination, but the LORD MAJOR thought it still a doubtful case, and wanting farther proof. The ser vants of the Parish Charity attended,'and swore to their giving the Prisoner the church keys, and re ceiving them back on Fridayat half -past three o'clock; and a Gentleman from Pimlico said he spoke JO the Prisoner at the turnpike about four o'clock; he was a foreigner of exceeding good charaater, and very in genious in his business, and didnot think him capable of such an a6t.. The name of the Prisoner; or further partiCulars we, decline giving, as the LORD MAYOR remanded hiM for another hearing. He persists in 'saying he gave back the keys about:ten minutes past two. • RUCAL Thrale Fair, Somerset, on ;Monday, there was- an unusual display of gymnas tic talent, to as'numerou s a field of amateurs as ever was winessed 'on any similar occasion.: At six o'clock in the moromg the pastimes commenced with a damsel race for chemises ; then several matches of single-stick_playing took place for various prizes, the greater part of which were won by Male and Robson, scientific players. A pitched battle was fought at noon, betwixt Robinson, a yeo man from the west, and Harnold, a - coachman, for 20 'guineas a-side. This' match was diverting to :the lovers of t Ito sport, as it lasted .two hours without . in.: termission. The combatants were fresh young men of promise, Who had never before been pitted, and they proved themselveS to possess no inconsiderable knowledge at giving and taking. -Each alternately had the best of contest, and their powers did not forsake them until the, minbat had lasted one hour and a half. 'I he contest Was continued half an hour longer, when Robinson was declared the viar: A melancholy accident occurred yesterday morn ing, in the Strand, at the house ofa SitoeMaker, near Holywelt-street. A fine child of seventeen months old, through the carelessness ofa . girl, 'its'sister, fell down a privy, and was .suffocited before any assist ante could be rendered. The. poor infant was ex tricated by the humane exertions of a coal-pofter, in ten minutes after it fell in ; but it was found that its skull was frOured by the wall against which it fell on its descent. .~IiEI.~N~ DLTBLR", SUL Y conimitnicatidil betweon the , Royal Canal and the River Litfv was ol o eiied yestvday, by the passage of so m e 'Luggage *oats, on hoard of which were a _noinb,, , .r of th:2 Direaors, and other Official persons, who cele; brated' the desirable event by the dis . charge of t;iti min, and the decoration Of the barg-::s with various . national flags, &c. A nurinber of speaators - 2020111-- paiiied the cavalcade on each"bank of the river, and Joined their colignitutation on this . national occasion; Last night the Earl 01 SHAEWSBURY arrived in this City, from England. ExtraEt •of a private Letter.- Yesterday Sir ARTEVUIt WELLESLEY sent otT his horses for Cork: He intends to fellow herself this-day or to-inorrow, in order to take the command of the Expedition.-- The Inspector-General yesterday afis.; , noon stoppA : the use of grain in the. distilleries, _by order of (3-J 7 tertrtent. Yestertkiy a criminal information was tranted, on the prorseCution of Patrick Ludlow, against a Ma &trate. It appeared from the affidavits, as stated by Mr. Serjeatit BALL that Ludlovi had beet brought before the Defendant,. on suspicion of hay ing Stolen some bacon from -a person of the name of - Branigan, when the Defendant stri&ly examtned • him, and he persevering in asserting his innocence, the Defendant caused thin to be stripped naked, and tied up te a gun-rack., where the Defendant himself flogged him with a beech-rod until he fainted ; that he was then taken down, and sent to the Biack Lion, in a little village abont three mica distant from the Defendant's house, where he was kept a close prisoner for three or tour days, without any medical assistance, although his back and loins were bruised and ulcerated by the punishment he had suffered,;and that the Defendant had him then veyed from thence to Dublin, to Major Sir, to be put on ship board ; but that the Major thought it prudent to liberate him. - Mr. BALL, who was Counsel for the Defendant, in extenuation of the illegal and oppressive condud_ imputed tolls client, endeavoured to inikess-upou the 'Court the, very doubtful c h ara a er o f L u dl ow, the prosecutor,. who had been before charged with ing stolen a pair of brogues, and who,. be said, but. which was denied by the prosecutor,. whilst tied up and under punishment, had confessed his guilt he insisted the Defendant - had r*)t flogged hilt him 4elf,- hut - had employed ofie'of his sere ants tbr thai purpose, and that Ludlow had not ativally fainted ;, he. admitted he had sent him to Major Sirr, to ba - put Ain board ship, which, in his (the Defendant's) idea was a milder treatment than connoiiting hiin to g4l, where he might remain for a long time; ,arid, - ir t ru . tand guilty, he-would- kCe. transported., Ludlow is a'o`easatit about Bor 19 years of age. • • • .• • • An Encampment i s n ow f orthing at Danbury, in, Essex; the 37 th, lately from Ireland, hLve aheady pitched their terns, and several Other's are expecied. The Nottingham Militia have quitted - Le.wes Bar racks. !Ur Blelchington. They w;re relieved at Lewes by the Northumberland Militia. We mentioned a few - dgs ago, that a soldier's wife, at Chatham, having gone Out to work, left* ber.child and her room in the care of a woman, who eloped with every thing valuable in the apart- Ment, and the child : after much anxiety the Int - Aber has recovered her infant. - - The circumstantes at -tending its recovery are etraOrdinary. The woman who had committed_ the robbery went direcily tor Lbndon ; when she arrived there, and had walked for some time through several of streets, she saw a poor woman standing in a door, whom she quested to hold the child for a fewriti . itutes, whim she carri e d a bundle into the nett sheet: - ithe good woman readily consented,. but the other never re turned. Th e c hild thus bebame an additional hut . - den'to a person who had already a very largeefainiiy. .and it was kept two days and .pightS: with, no ot her expthation than that they should have to bring u? the child, when the husband of the poor woman aC cidentAlly saw au account of the transaction, and, wrote down to the - father of the child, .a(Cliathahly who immediately came to town, and returned with the infant in safety. SHIP NEWS. CRAVISLND, JULY S. Passed by— the G o ld en Grove; %Veils, from ;am-lira; Ann, Attis, for Malta • Mary,. Bennett, and A texandeb Nt!iier, from St. Salvadore. BIRTH. Yesterday, in Wine -Of - Hal -court, Flcet-strtut, Mrs. A• Flocknart, oki Son. -' MAR • • On Tuesday the 28th ult. at Chigwell, Essex, the Ref' W. F. Sptudens, of Nurth. Walshain, Norfolk, to Miss Giti. man„ eldest daugtiter of Daniel Gillman, Esq. of.Whiteiialh' Chigwell-rote, Ess : x. • .• On man-street, to 114.1rg:Ltet, youngest daught e r o f t h e Tilesdatiast, Thomas Chittenden, E sq. o f N ew Mil l . ' Knapp ' Re for Of Englefi..thl, Berks. The saute day; at •Kilvarstone, in Norfolk, the Rev. 1 , 77 1 • !erid Stuart Macketrzie,:lte•Aor pt Bracon - A;11 and Quiderilianft Petpettial. Cuzate of Thetford St, Mmy. to Miss IV rights eldest daugliwr . of the late Rev. lohn Wright, of F..ilverstfAi'"" Hail. • , DIED On Friday l as t; at h i s house at Darlington, after a linyer— ing-illness, Mr. 11; 24gins,.aged 5. The pine clay, oa liorgh•llail, Norfolk: a f ter a short b''- RaMtui Illness, the y , :lte Or Maur l' cYn'' the aston, or A ppl e t 0 n . " . rith •Ittt. Mrs. Nlargarct F"..illarton, uniinge l: dwghter of the cko.:eased General Fullartoti, of :_- k.eicfun, tvi r4 Of ;41r—fames D.Arymple, Merchant, in Llinhurgh. on the 29th 'alt. sudd en l y, at Worthing, Ors. Mary 5; ' ve.nson, aged 7;3, relict ot, the late William Stevenson, 1 ;-(1" of Unity, in the Island otiamaica. • • Lately, at: ~ ..hesTer, Mrs. Egerton Leigh, widow of thel:tfr 1.,- Rev. Archdeae9n•Letgh. A-few4lays Sitic:,•the Rev. Samuel Kettilby; D.D. 1:.,:! .... Fellow', f S t , ', Ain ' s C ollege, and leCtor Ut Sutton, tic fordshire. OCKS A LUNATIC. An unhappy woman, Dear 70 years of age, ha s frequented th e Courts in W esttn i nster Hall, during a considerable length of time, in a state of - mental deratgetnent. Her appearance is distressing to inanity: A cadaverous visage and, settled mania in her expression attracts general notice. Among the various propensities of a bewildered imagination, nondis more remarkable than the pursuits of this _wretched female. She says, she is concerned in law -suits in every Court, and.the J•udges cannot be more pun6tual in' their attendance at Westminster than she is. Her attention has not been . confined to the Courts in London ; she lately followed Sir J. 11eANsFIELp on the Circuit, was, seen at Welsh Pool, and has travelled to other distant towns in the Assize Circuits. Yesterday she took her seat in the Court of Com mon ,Pleas, and pulling asmall . bundl e f rom her poCket, told the Judges that she. had important do .cuments to prove that her cause ought to be tried immediately'. Sir J; MANSFIELD, who Was no stranger t, the unfortunate applicant, -pacified her by übservincr, that it was not likely her cause would come on that day..---Sh e then remained quiet, and very deliberately took out her work-bag, and began sewing a piece of ragged linen. Mr. Serge pt C—, wh ose h uman i ty i s C— , known with out t h e 'aitrol. panezyric, after so in- quiry, sent t h e bbj e a of commisseration a me liberal pecuniary relief, but she refused to accept it, ex claiming, will n®t take it, because they won't try my cause." She is perfealy gentle and harm less, but talks incoherently. • 4114 SUMMER CIRCUITS, Home—Lord ELLENBoROUIIa and Chef Baron N./nein- NALD. Hertfordshire—Monday, August 1, at HertfOrd. Essex—Wetinesday, August 3, at Chelmsford. Kent—Monday, August 8, at Maidstone. Sussex—Saturday, August 13, at LeWes. • Surrey-1 hursday, August 18, at Guildford. '•NORFOLK CIRCUIT. Before Sir lAMEs MANjFIFLD and Mr. ILlStiCe.nt Tll • Bu ckinghainshire—Monday,• August f, at Buckingham. Bedifordshire—Thurstiay, August 4, at Bedturd. Huntiiigdontitire—Satiaday, August 6, at Huntingdon. Cainbridg, shire -- Monday, August 8, at Cambridge, Sulthlk- , --Thursday, 'August .11, at Bury St,Edmund's. Norfolk —Monday, August 15, at the City of Norwich. City of Norwich —Same day, ,at the Guildhall, said City. Mary Bowdell, a poor woman, Go years of age,, lately spun a yank of Merino Wool into yarn, so very fine, that it measured in length 29 miles and 200 ylnis. Pi? ICE 0 F YttTE L'g N ON : Priuted by RICHARD fIARRIS,()f No. 4, Nintlctt-court, -80 w-street ; and published by WILLIAM ARMICER. SCRIPrs South Molton-street, Grosvenor-square; At the Stm-Opvtcg No, I 1.? ; Ado?, tic,nFnis. Orders tor the Paper, Viers for the Editor, &c, mast be addressed. RDAY. Bank Stock, I ndca Stock, : ! Navy 5 per Lt. 93i i ex. div.. In.lia 80 - nds, is. dis. ts , P r ' 4 per Cent. 84i Sj i Exchequer 13ilis, 2i. 6s Pr' 3 per Cent. Red. 69,E 69 i .thnnhlrn, 3 !ki 3 1 3 per cent. Con. 611 , 1 11., i.• Iniperiat 3 per Cent. 67 i • Bank L. Ann. IS 13 - totnsi Cuts. fur 22,1 inst. 7o ik el POlO Short Ann. IT=C•ii WATER AT LONDON llgiljGE tO-NiGg• _ G Morning, 26 min. ( 3fter 2. j Afternoon, 47 min. asset 2e •