The Sun. — London, England, 1826-01-12 00:00:00

LITERARY NO'FICE. Al Igc E:141,,41 N EOUS MEMOI A3, by J. CaAnocr:, Esq. We . have seldom met with a more amusing sliork than in this production of a venerable Ability, who has passed his second grand ClirMIC• ieric . , but whose meertol faculties are sound, and hi 4 memory remarkably retentive, This volume, which it the'precursor of two or three more, is so vel entoirtiliting. - that we read it with a very strong interest, and hope the Author will soon gratify us with the remainder. Though always a man of fortune, he is not to be numbered with the " mob of geetletneo who write with ease." lie is a scholar, and in the points of judgment, learning, candour, and valuable information, there it no passage in his work which be could wish to blot. flit 'style is easy, correct, and elegant. His situation in life en abled hint to hold a familiar intercourse with the most distinguished characters of his time s as well in the higher ranks of society as with scholn rs, statesmen, Sze. Sze. The volume abounds with humorous anecdotes,: jonNsost, FooTE, and indeed the whole galaxy of Literature that figured in his earlier days, form a 4014 entertaining grotip.—Mr. CRAW:WIC is the author of a Tragedy entitled Zobeide, which was recommended to puhlic favour by its intrinsic merit, as well as by the best per. formers of the time. lie also produced a Tragedy entitled The Czar, which dis• 'plays the .same vigour as marked his Muse in his earlier days. It is impossible to take up this volume and not pursue its contents with terest and pleasure to the close s or without feel ing an impatient desire for its successors. We therefore earnestly hope that the venerable au• thor, whose character is as estimable for moral qualities, as well as for bleb classical attainments and pure literary taste, will lose no time in pre. tenting the remainder of his treasury of poetry and prose to an ,admiring ,public. FRENCH PAPERS. (From the F., toile, dated Monday January O.) _ • PARIS, JAN. 8.---According to ti►e latest letters from Warsaw, and which announce the arrival of the Grand Duke Michael, every thing has been finally settled about the succepsion to the &ape. ror Alexander, and the Grand Duke Nicholas, after a fresh renunciation of the Grand Du ke Constantine, is stated to be Emperor of All the It ussias. (The Mode gives no news from St. Peters- 1 burgh of a later date that the 20th of December, and - Only a few particulars already,communicated through the Hamburgh Papers.] Letters from Odessa of the 20th of December add to the details already known, that Prince WOlchonsky and General DiebitsCh were still at Taganrog, and that the persons present at the death of the Emperor, besides the Empress, Were the two Generals above-mentioned and General Czernischetr. Prince Wolchonsky, w h o bad al ready acquainted the Grand Duke Constantine with the wish of his august brother to see him, Thad dispatched couriers with the news of his Majesty'A death to St. PetersbUrgh and Warsaw (From the Quoadienne qf Sunday, Jan. 8.) Amou the reports in circulation relative to the affairs of Russia, We shall only mention what seems to us the mo a probable, and the most con• formable to what we already. know. It may be considered as certain, that the Eng. peror Alexander, in his last moments, wrote with his own hand rt letter to his brother Constantine, releasing him from the renunciation of tithe Im perial Throne, which he had mnde on his mar riage with the Princess of 'l,nwlex. It was the last will of the 'Emperor Alexander, and not the renunciation of Constantine, with which the errand Duke Michael Was sent to . St. Peters. httrgh ; but while he was. on his way to that capitol Nicholas, .had received the , oath of the Guardi, and taken it hirirlself to the Emperor Constantine. Immediately after the arrival of Prince . Mi chael at St. Petersburg!), a family council was called to learn the List will of Alexander, and the Instructions.sent by his successes.. The coun cil met again the next day, and several senators and officers of State •vere summoned to attend it. Senator A patehitiiii was settt to Warsaw with :the result of the deliberations of the family coun cil. We know that he arrived at Warsaw an the 9.511.1 or 21111 i of December, and that he was we ll received by new Emperor, 'These - facts once established and WPII Con. firmed, the Only probable conjecture is, that the tOisSiOn of the G ra ltd. Doke Michael A u St. Peters burgh, anti the family coUncils held after his arrivol, related to the wife of the new Emperor, tind the rank she will hold at Court.. Some per. sons pretend that she will he first crowned Queett of. Poland, and may, perhaps, in the sequel blinre the I mperial Throne with her consort. All this, however, needs confirmation ; and it is probable that su%ertil days will pass before offi cio( news of what is passing - at Petersburgh can be received. ( Ft oni the EMU,. doled 'l'w!itlay,.7un. ii.) 1 A ilbt, JAN. 9.--Letters Iruro eitrlgnilie an !lattice that on the 25th the' Circit' Duke Nicht). tee i e ad in the Senate the formal renunciation of the Crown by his brother, and declared that he • excepted the tin one. Ire was immediately pro. ~Claimed Emperor of.ltussia. Letters from Marseilles of the id, announce that the Marshal Duke of . A lbufera died on that y,. between four and live Jii the afternoott e of the lone' arid painful disorder with which he has been afflicted nearly two years. 111 OW fe ' W :mo during the last four days in which he was sensible, he made his will, in full possession of 'his faculties.; and on the seennd„ again recover . his fliellltlrS, ft ftel' the evening, eon. feinted end received • the cot elite ; the wise c.altit and COM . remaindsit of. the night he hi the morttieg he did not posed. After seve" again beCoine sensible. The DOchess of A Ihu. fees,. who 'is: doirply affected, will set out. for Peril, Witlk tier children, in t wo o r three days. 141‘04 ver Cents. WPC t•t , ' per Cents. 6131. Stk.—Batik Stock, 2,0751. ltplr, Cif. d o c ._g o y spsnish loin, 490. lisytign 34Y:4—sittisitge 'on London, one month, itif. 16c. ; three months, 24f. 100c.--Wourr ALEXANDER, CONsTANTINE, and NICHOLAS. (From the Journal des Debuts.) The death of the F.;mperor Aletander is an event of so much importance, that at Paris, and at St. Petershurgh, every little event connected with it is eagerly gathered and repeated. The following details we can guarantee :—The day in NnvernCer when an exeTurbion on the water had given him cold, which tva the principal cause of his disease, he desired to gu and, visit a small tribe, which tradition, whether true or not, says are descended from the ancient Spartans. The weather was !milk. The Emperor was in a small carriage, which was driven by a coachman who had always been with him dttring the last seven or eight years, and always supplied tbe place of the common postillions, particularly in bad roads. The carriage was overturned in a terrible manner. The Empprnr, it was expected, would have been severely wounded—he was not ; but he jumped out to rescue his faithful coach man, who remained dead in his arms. Those of is suite who were following iii carringes, or on horseback, haNtened to the spot. " Gentlemen," said Alexander to the first who came up," this man always precedes 11le." Fifteen days after this event Alex; n ►der expired : it is certain that e appeared Affected with the deepest melan• ehniy. -When the President -of the Senate CROW to pay his personal homage, and the . homage of the holly to the Grand Duke Nicholas, the day when the melancholy news reached Petershurgh, this Prince held in his hands a paper still sealed ; he asked the Pre. sident if he hod thought of opening a similar paper, which had been deposited a long time be fore in a 'since which the Prince pointed out.— The President replied not " It is a copy of this which I hold in my hand," said the Prince, " and this paper contains the abdication of 'the Grand Duke Constantine ; but I desire that no attention he paid to it ; on the contrary, 1 wish'' that the oath of fidelity to Constantine should be taken both by me and by the Senate." The Pre sident requested the Prince to go to the Senate and express his desire personally to the. body. -7--. The Prince refused, " because (said he) the con stitutions of the Empire forbid any of the Princes of the Imperial Family from entering the Senate, unless there he an extraordinary and special con vocation by the Emperor ; but (added he) bring to my house all the members who are present." llis orders were executed, and when the Senators had arrived, Ise repeated to them what he had said to the President, " 1 desire that the renun ciation of the Archduke Constantine be of no ef fect. 1 wish, I desire, that he should be pro claimed, and, if necessary, I order it." It can not be doubted, when every thing is known which is said by those who had the best oppor tunity of knowing what passed at the time, that at the moment when Constantine insisted on ob- Wising from his Mother and Alexander con sent to his miriage, there was a •union of three paeans Who ex pressed a wish that the renunciation of the Throne should be the condition ; these three were, the Empress Mother, AleXabder, and Constantine himself, A circumstance not known at Paris till within these two or three days, explains iu part the very sin gular delay which has taken place, and the length of time which elapsed before any definitive news arrived. lt is certain, that after the a rriva I ham Warsaw at' Petersburg's, and the departure from Petersburgh for Warsaw, of the Grand Duke Michael, that after the exchange of one or two couriers, the Empress Mother and the Grand Duke Nicholas sent is Russian Nobleman teWars'aW, Count Ataprhinin, who was at Paris seven yenis ago with Constantine, and was very intimate With' him. Ind', deputy was charged with news and ultimate prayers to determine Constantftse. ft will be perceived, that when the question relates, not to a common courier, whose dispatches may be answered in a few hours, but to a great negoCiation, confided to such a negocietor, that we must not count by hours, but by days. It is impossible that those, who gave credit to theSe details, derived from good authority, should not (Hake the following reflection. The three wills which determined the renunciation made six years, and evidently rene less than three years, were also agreed in December, 1 525. The Ent :peror in dying tippers to have persisted in his resolution. There is no reason to believe that the Empress4qother, who, it is presumed, was not thelserson who the least regarded this renun ciation as necessary, has changed her - opinion. ..rite Grand Duke Censtantine persists in his de termination of remaining faithful to his engage., tnents. How then can it . be said, how in the' midst of so many circumstances is it that the Grand Duke Nicholas has had a necessity for something more than the first impulse, full of grandeur and nobleness, which induced him to order Constantine to be proclaimed ? How cause the Grand Duke Nicholas to persist in pressing his brother, after one-,and, as it appears certain after two declarations of Constantine, posterior to his being proclaimed 141mperor, declaratrons confirming Isis renunciation, which th us became a true and free, and solemn abdication. How can this objection to the truth; of what has pre-' ceded be replied- to:? We must first °f 'ull. suppose an incredible transmission of the stir.' Weis of Alexander to Isis whole felony,. and recognize in the Grand Doke- Nicholas h ome. `thieg more magnanimous, awl more heroic than the sentiment renounces a Crown. What .appears capable alone!of explaining the jhuitances at Nicholas, and, by whioPeoPle seek to explain 1111 equal energy in Constantine's per sistingln his refusal, is , this. It appears that his ina rriace sires . the most important event of Ws . life. The attach, ~,,t, o f a moat: rare nature, which determined his decision, is as - lively and pantos.' as,itWaS lit first,. The &cline of his wife's. health seems -only-. to increase it, and fur nish it fresh aliment. It 11'11180 known, that the Princess his wif e is a very zealous Rmnats Cathelie, nod' very 'much - liked by the Poles;" her countrymen sited fenow.Catholics, and that site is less liked by the Russians and by' the Greek Christians it is known, that NORIO there was' some .conversation in her pre sence of Madame de IVlaintenon of the mar- riage of the late King of Naples, of the recent' marriage of the King of Prussia, she declared aloud that she comprehended every thing of that kind, except being the wife of a Sovereign, with. out the Sovereign, and except being able to play such a part. We acknowledge that facts will be more important and more curious than all which precedes: but after the events, when ex planations ranted, whatever couttibotes to make us comprehend the causes and the delays may not be destitute of interest. THE CO'!'TON TRADE. We have now before us the Statement of tliv Import of Cotton into Liverpool, London, and C lasgow, during the past year, as well as the Stock estimated to remain in the ports on the 31st of December last. We shall first state what has been the total import of cotton into the ports during the year 1025, contrasting it with the int. port In 1824. 1825. 1824. Incr. in 1820. import into Liverpool 708,319 447,980 250,359 London 83,320 64,297 19,1123 Glasgow 31,6J7 28,719 2,908 821,266 . 540,976 2119„290. From this comparative statement it will be seen that the Im. bort In the bust exceeds that in the preceding year by 280,290 ags. Of, this increase, 258,339 bans have been imparted into Liverpool, and only 21,931 into the ports of London and Glasgow. . . The largest previous import of cotton into the kingdom was In the year 1023, when it amounted to 6118,f84 bags, less by 152,5132 than the import of the la.t year. But though the import of 11125 was greater than that of any previous year since the commencement of the cotton trade, the fact cannot surprise any man who has devoted the least attention to the commercial transactions of the past year ; much less can it surptise mer cantile men who took so prominent and so active a part in these transactions. The wonder, as we observed nearly two months ago, would have been if the import had been small, and not that it has been unprecedentedly large. When, indeed, we review the extraordinary speculative operations of the pre ' ceding year, wa are surprised that the import of cotton into the kingdom has' not been nearer 900,000 bags. But it may not be uninteresting, if we should contrast the descriptions of cotton in which the greatest increase in the im port has taken place. In American kinds the increase has been not less, compared with the import of 1824, than 142,647 bags —an increase more than one-half of the total import from the United Statei in that year. But the import of cotton frOm America, during the past year, great as it was, did not equal the import from the country in'the year . 11123; as the following statement will chew Bap. Total import of American in 1823 . 449,255 Ditto ditto • • 1824 . 425,195 Excess in 1023 . . . . 24,060 We may fairly presume, therefore, that no inconsiderable portion of the cotton imported in 1825 was from the- stocks which • had accumulated in the American ports during the preceding year. The next great increase of import is in liraztl cotton, the excess over the hihport in 1824 being 55,475 bags. The import from Egypt was in 1824, the first year of its coming into the English market, 33,227 bags; in • 1825, it increased to 103,069, being an excess over the import in 1824 of not less than 69,842 bags; an excess more than twice the quantity imported during the previous year. The imports from Demerara-and Berbice show an increase of 5,465 bags; and from the East Indies of 9,310. The only places from which there has been a falling • off in the supplies are those which the brokers class thus :-.West Indies, Spain, .Smyrna, and Europe. • Great as has been the import of cotton into Great Britain during the previous year, there is reason to suppose, however, that the other consuming countries of Europe did not, in con sequence of the high prices in this country, receive their usual supplies. The stocks of cotton in the hands in the continental 'dealers and manufacturers must, therefore, be deficient, com pared with the stocks 'held by them at the 'close of the previous year. If prices should, in consequence of the diminished stocks on the continent, run /higher there than in England, may we not reasonably expect that most of the first shipments of cotton . from-the American ports will be made to the former ?' We come how to the stock remaining in the ports on the 31st of December last. 1 t was as follows :- 1825. 1821. Incr. in 1825. • - •Stock in' Liverpool 311,000 121,000 190,000 London 97,910 108,000 Glasgow - 7,040 5,550 1,490 416,850 235,3.50 191,490 COTTON.--Thus the stock at the close of last year exceeded that of 1024 by 1110,000 bags. Of this stock 1011,440 a re Bra zil, whilst in 1824 there were 48,190 only, showing an increase ' ) of 62,259 ; Rini - 82,710 are Egyptian, against 15,910 in'lB24, being an increase of 66,000 in tills description alone! But, in comparin,, ,, the total stock in the ports at the two periods, we must recollect that the Stocks held by the 'dealers and onion faeturers are much less , than ,in previous years; and this fact will show that a deduction equal to the probable quantity held ought to be made from the stocks in the ports. We have no means of ascertaining the stock in the manufacturing districts, and all estimates of its amount must necessarily be segue. The quantity of cotton taken out-of the ports for home con. gumption, during the past year, amounted to 504,576 bags.— Tint shows ,a weekly consumption of 10,050 only ; whilst the consumption in 1824 was estimated at 12,223 bags per week. But, in calculating the probable amount of consumption during the year, we must take intoaccount the largee - stock held by the trade at its commencenient. • If this be included, we have no doubt that the consumption of 1825 equalled, if it did not ex. ceed the consumption during the present yoar.—( Liverpool SPECULATION IN SPELTR.E. A late number of the liur•sen Halle, a Ham burgh paper, contains among its commercial in formation the following article respecting the trade in speltre, or zinc, by which name this metal is more generally know n. refers but vaguely to the late disgraceful speculation In speltre which took place in this country, although what is said is quite sufficient to establish its real character; but it evinces very clearly that the parties who engt,ged in it have been disap pointed in their oli • {ect, and that they must ulti mately SUStati u -very serious loss of money as well as of reputation hy it. (Pram the Barren Halle.) SPELTIIE Olt ZINC. . . A speCulation ea singular, but not. quite laudable nature, has distinguished this article in the year just ending. Heal sales took place in the first f e w months; b u t b e t ween April and, Octobei the price was driven up from 13 to 26 marks, it wits occasioned In the following manner :---London speculators Of sufficient capital, as early as the beginning . of the year, bought the whole of what Silesia produces of this metal during .the year. Baying succeeded thus fur, they began buy large par cels for delivery at a ftiture time, but which, as may be imp posed, could not he procured when that time arrived. Th e a d. , Mrs were, in consequence,obliget to come to an understanding with the speculators, and of course with very'coosiderable,loSs to the. former: Now if we consider that the shipments for the East. Indies in the course of the year were but small ; that the price at present is languishing, and shows no tendency towards *a rise; and that it will in consequence be neglected In Europe, it is tauty to conceive, that although these speculators or jobbers could succeed for once, in their secret transactlowt, yet when they are disclosed, the whOle Is put an end to in an instant. This article, which, as late as October last, was at 25 marks, can at present be obtained at 14, for delivery in the spving.of 1020. There are but feW buyers at 12 marks. Formerly the pro dticc of zinc in Silesia was computed at about 300,000 cwt., but in consequence of the demand and the high price, it increased to near 500,000 cwt.; ,and if we consider that according to late accounts trim Cali:luta; the stock on hand is equal to three year's consumption, too t h at i n London as well as here the stock is also very considerable, we cannot (without some particular occurrence) except a Icilli3nt market. Ott the LoudonExc • t the probable los s of 1411 =t! the speculutos in Speltre is estimated at 100,0001, - DEATH BY DIUNKING:—A man unmet! Thos. Truelove,• who resid e d i n Young-street, Little Sheffield, the. fell victim to. intemperance hot Week- lie undertook, for trilling wager ai .s o-, out of bravado. to drink a whole bottle of .i.rum in a short time, anti died soon after he had triumphed M winning his wager, APPENDIX. Plan of a Chartered Company, to be called " The London Bank," to promote the Establishment of Country Banks, and for placing them on a Footing of Public Security and Private Advantage (originally painted in 1817). The advantage derived from country banks, when prudently conducted, are far beyond what are commonly apprehended. By these means, country districts enjoy the some benefits, result ing from abundant circulation, that formerly was almost exclu sively possessed by the metropolis, and the farmer is furnished with capital at his own door, with asmuch facility as the manu. facturing and mercantile interests, to which the success of menu. factures and commerce has been principally owing. There is every reason also, now to believe, that country banking, by en. crurtging production an d c i rcu l a ti on , has more e ff ectually pro. mote I the general prosperity of the country than any other cir. Cu atstance whatever. This is easily accounted for. An ade. spate circulation in coin cannot be obtained in any district unless it be purchased. Hence the expence of procuring the precious metals impoverishes a district, anti checks the pro. greys of its improvement. But remove that obstacle, establish an adequate circulation without expence, and the remotest cor. ner of a country feels an impetus which insures its prosperity. Nothing, therefore, can be more mischievous than the idea of annihilating the circulation of small notes, in country districts. It is of the highest importance, that a system, whose results are so truly beneficial, should be placed on a footing of security; and the best mode of effecting that objeFt would be, through the medium of a Chartered Company, with . 4 large capital, who would act as " A General Agent," to such country banks as chose to apply to it.. Such a company would be enabled, by its capital to supply country bankers, possessed of property ade quate to their business, with money in cases of emergency. They would'not- then . be liable to the same sudden reverses as .they have been ; more confidence would be placed in their sta. * See Hint s on Ci rcu l at i on , by t h e Ri g h t Hon. tqr John Sinclair, Bart,, published an. 1822, where the Scotch system is described: In the Appendix, No. 3. An account is there given of the six banks which had suspended their payments in Scotland, during the last .50 years. t See Chalmers'; p. 297, edit. 1804. Nothing can he more absurd then the idea, when bank grants security, or deposits stock, that it locks up its capital.— Has not the Bank of England lent the public many millions, and cannot it carry on its business ? Suppose a private bank deposits witba Board of Commissioners 100,000/. in stock: It not 9nly,receives the interest of that sum, but it is authorised to circulate 60,000/. in notes (for 130,0001. of 3 per cent. stock can. not be valued at par), 'it' will receive all the profits to be de rived from their circulation. § With great, deference to the oinion of others, I would pre. o ; ritteed4,nru abtergejurelYr fer silver for' the following reasons';-Silver indispensable for the smaller, and consequently the more n'unierous payments; It i i w t e c a a t n t ri l ol n be go e l x d p j s r i p la r r o d fi e t r a , b r y d ri3 l e e l s.s ted i a d b o l4t risk and heavier charges our accounts ere kept in pounds and shillings, or in reference to silver ; it is the least subject to variation ;—and it is the general legal tender in Europe and America. Indeed, silver ever has held, and probably ever will - bold, tbeprerogative of being the general standard in com mercial eouttries; gold being always valued by silver, but not silver by gold. Had silver been the standard, it would not have been so easy to have drawn from the banks their me , Who currency, during the late alarm. BANKING ESTABLI "HMI NTS.. capitals would be prevented. =— The advantages of this plan are, hints , ; and the mischiefs which have arisen from insufficient On the means of Relieving the present Pecuniary Embarrass lie Commissioner ; whereas, at present, it is quite a mystery. menus of the Country, and Preventing their Reiktrrince 1. That the amount of the circulation would be know to pub 2. That no circulating paper could be issued without together with the plan of a Chartered _Company for Pro moting the Security of Country Banks. ade quate security, By the Right Hon. Sir J oner SINCLAIR,. Bart. 3. That its amount might be limitedi and kept within due •-; - - It is quite practicable by placing the circulation of the coup- bounds. And, - try on a proper footing, to prevent the recurrence of those me- 1 . That it would ultimately be convertible into the precious la_ lancholy scenes of distress, which are So frequently experienced ' , m et a ls in , England.. In Scotland, where a judicious system. of bank- gold, for the purposes ing is established, i n si di o us attacks of foreign enemies on the . principal source or and where any number of persons can assn- at the current price, to den merely,, or to prornotathe ss hot to encourage a run for lama le, _when really wanted, for legitimate purposes. princifiallY by transferring to England the same system, which ciate for.banking purposes, they are scarcely known ; it is our prosperity and power, but that gold might always be at the experince of above half a century has sanctioned in Scotland, that the great object in view, an advantageous system of paper circulation, may be attained. • •In Scotland, during a period of above fi fty years, only six banks have suspended payment,—only in two instances were there any.deficiencies,—and these, in all, did not amount to 30,0001. ; whefeas in Ithgland, 71 banks stopped payment in one year-f •, and great losses were sustained. Recent events have fully. proved the superior excellence of the Scotch system. In England, in the short period of three weeks, sixty-one banking establishments in the country, and six in London, suspended their payments. These failures were attended with the most disastro6 consequences, for they not only occasioned much individual misery, produced' great depreciation of pro. petty, and brought sudden ruin on numbers of industrious persons, but materially injured public, as well us private credit, and essentially affected the revenue. Daring this frightful convulsion in England, in Scotland not one banking house has stopped. • In various parts of England also, the same fortunate circumstance has taken place, but at the expence of immense sacrifices' in the part of the bankers, or by means of the support they received from the great landholders, and most respectable mercantile interests, in their immediate neighbourhood. The necessity," however, of applying to. a number of individuals foretteh aid, placed. those banking tetalilisinnents in a most painfulipredicament.. It would take a lengthened discussion to explain, in detail, the plan I now beg to offer, as a preventive of such mischiefs. Some general outline of it therefore, is alone given, which may be extended if necessary. 1. The establishment of respectable banks by public licence, in every county of England where required, is the basis of the whole system. The advantages of such establishments, when properly regulated, cannot be questioned (see Appendix); and to place them on a footing of' security, I am persuaded that the Bank of England would forego its exclusive privilege of bank ing with more than six partners, in so far as regards country districts ; us the Directors of the Bank must be aware that the mischiefs which have lately been experienced, originated in a great measure from the existence of that monopoly. In order, however, to induce the Bank to make that sacrifice willingly, time public should guarantee the existing dividend, during the continuance of the present charter, and should agree to give one year additional of charter, for one year relinquish ment of claim ; the monopoly, however, to be continued to the Bank, in so far as regards London and its immediate neigh bourhood. 2. That a board of seven commissioners, not members of either House of Parliament, shall be appointed for licensing country bankers, without authority from whom no engraved or printed notes payable to bearer on demand, shall be circulated, nor even then beyond the sums for which landed, funded, or personal security, has been given to the Commissioners. It is quite an anomaly that we should hung one individual for coin. mg .1 shilling, and suffer another to pass with impunity, who has circulated thousands of promissory notes, payable on de mand, without the means of retiring them 3. That a great corporation shall be erected in London, to be called " The London Bank," to act as a correspondent to such of time principal bunks as cho ose t o emp l oy i t. This is a most important part of the plan. No private banker in London can stand his ground, when there is a great run on u number of his country correspondents. (A plan for erecting a great cor. poration, in the centre of country circulation, was drawn up by me some years ago ; but unfortunately the public were not the e circulation iia tikof then ripe for its adoption. An abstract of it is annexed.) Stich a corporation might likewise have the 'liberty of circulating neighbourhood t ul l in o nc t i notes a,l%n)tuhireoc)county', 1 trust, will always be found entitled to the confidence thext exclusively sl b ie l va i eel! leaving g to t a it i s ni th i a ts t ofE n i irla n h d d o n ; In times of distress in country districts, how much easier could a supply be conveyed, and a panic dispelled, could alarm be met, by the•notes of such a corporation, issued under the sanction of public cenunissioners, than by imperfect supplies of gold or silver ? 4. That, subject to the above regulations, the privileges of the Bank of England shall be continued ; for it is a corporation, Which, on many trying occasions, has been eminently useful, and is conducted with much ability ; that its notes a mall be a legal tender in all public and private payments ; and converti ble into old, at its avera ge p r i ce f or the preceding quarter, to be periodically inserted in the London Gazette. § Gold and ' silver, like other commodities, must vary in price; and if those who require them, can get them at time market price, • it is a ll they are entitled to expect. After having thought on the subject for a number of years, I ant convinced, that a plan fourided on the principles of this brief outline, would place the circulation of Englund (on which the pfosperity of Scotland "and Ireland so greatly depends). on a secure footing—advance the national prosperity.und prevent those sudden reverses, to which, under the present system, we are constantly exposed. But, to attain these great objects, pre judices must be got rid Of, 'and sacrifices tirade. Th at such a plan may be improyed upon is readily admitted; but, if the principles arc in general recognised and acted on, any defects which experience may point out would 'easily be remedied. Time great object is, to secure a circulation, distinguished by by two, great advantages; 1. Safety; and, 2, Ab un d ance. When that great blessing is attained, all the industrious classes of the community are employed, the revenue flourishes and the nation prospers. Whereas ' ,when circulation i s di m i n i shed, confidence is d es t ro y e d, an d the whole nation, with the excep. tion of a few opulent classes, must experience great distress. JOH N. SINCLAI/L 133, George-street, Edi n b urg h, Jan. 1, 1826. CORONERS' INQUESTS. THE ACCIDENT IN ST. JAMES'S PARK. Yesterday evening an Inquest wusheld before Mr. GELL, Coroner for Westminster, at the Red Lion public house, Princes -street, Westunnsfer, to ,inquire into the death of the two young men who were drowned in the Canal of St. James's.rark on Tuesday afternoon. There was only one wit ness, namely, Edmund Fullager, of No. 2, Bell-yard, Doc• tors'-commons ' who came forward to give evidence. He stat ed, that about half-past two o'clock in the afternoon of the above named day, a number of youths had been sliding on the Canal, and had stopped on the ice to await the arrival of more, that all might start together, when, from their weight, as be supposed, the ice gave way, and they were all immersed.-- Some persona instantly rescued five or six, but for a consi derable time the remain er were in great peril, and the two deceased persons sunk,- baring grasped each other so tightly in their struggling, as to losesensibility. , The witness considered that the whole was tt,piere accident: every thing w a s done to rescue them without ;_Several persons risked their own lives. The'Juri.then viewed the bodies, which were at differ ent public-houses, and retiiiried vOdicta of—" Accidentally drowned."—Neither of the bodies have betn owned. Two Inqtrisitionsrviere taken before Tiiostas Hum, Esrl• TWO CHILDREN, BURNT. in the Board Room of the Westminster infirmary, in James street, near Buckingharn-gate, on the bodies of Matilda Turn- penny, aged six years and four months, and Mary Hock, about six years of age, who were unfortunately burnt to death. Mrs. Sarah Weblin, of No. 10, Al illbank-street, stated, that the de. , ceased (31atilda Turnpenny's) parents resided in the same house. . On Tuesday, about ten minutes before five o'clock, while sitting in her room, she heard a violent screaming, and on going to the door, saw the deceased running down stairs all in a blaze; the deceased appeared frantic, and ran into several of the losigisre rooms ; witness procured 'IS blanket, and placed it round her, but by that time her clothes were literally burnt of ' The deceased's father came in at the moment, and carne( her to the hospital. The mother was out at work; there were two other children in the same room, one ten, the other . two years old. The eldest child said, she was playing with her sisters ; the deceased was hanging a pair of bellow* up by the side of the fire place, when her pinafore went I against the bars of the grate, and it instantly caught fire, in j which condition she ran down stairs in a blaze.—Mr. John. Maitland, house sur g eon a t IV es t m i ns t er H os pital, attended the deceased, and found her severely burnt all over the body; her face, one thigh, and an arm literally to atoms ; owl thing possible was done for her, but. she expired the same evening from thedreadful burns. When deceased was brenght in, she seemed sensibl e , a nd did not com pl a i n o f a ny bodY' On the next inquiry, con cern i ng t h e d eat h o f Di a ry Rock, t; appeared from the evid ence o f Eli za b et h H anso n, of NO. 8, Vine -street, Westminster, that t h e d ecease d' s parentsre sided is the same house. Abo u t n i ne o ' c l oc k i n the toorhiDg iof Wednesday week, she h ear d l ou d screa ming in the kitchen, and on going to the s pot saw a lighted candle' 'on the table, and a fire in th e g ra t e . The deceased's clothes were in flam ; witness from the alarm exPecte d it was - fire ; and accordingly too a sack with her, which etc placed round the deceased, whose clothes were nearly eh l '' sumed. She was immediately rubbed with oil, a nd on her mother coming in was t a k en to the Hospital. Two other chil dren were also in the s ame room , one about four and the ot her two years old.—The mother of the deceased said that her daughter told her one of the children had lighted the candler' when she got upon the' chair to put it put and her clothe* caught fire. Witness at the time was attending on hermotheli Iwho was very ill, and has since departed this life.—The flousc Surgeon of the Infirmary proved examining the deceased• whom he discov'erte isevsrely burht on' the body, neck, and arms, the deceased - lingered several days, but eventually expired from the dreadful injuries. —The Jury deeply regretted the less of the two unfortunife Children. They expressed themselY. :. satisfied with.the evidence adduced; and the attention paid ~, br the medical gentleman to resto re them but uns ucce ssfully They, however, hoped through the publicity of this case, dor' parents would prevent such a recurrence by placing them under, . -. the protection of some person during their absence, and returnea verdtcts of ," Accidental Death,". in both instances. SHOCKING DEATH Yesterday an Inquest was held before 3lr. HIGt39, Cure'. nrr, at the King's Bead, near the wooden bridge, Chelsea, on the body of. the Reverend James Brown, resident l _t No. 30, St. George's-row, near the above place, death was caused by falling into the fire on Sunday las; the ec Mrs. Sa ea ra s h ed lhousekeeper Pettier rbterhe stated , tic olas 78 years of age, and had' been very feeble in body' for t t y lt e,s at rh s . he ihientl wasb years, : and had only once walked from home for five past. On Sunday last the witness and deceased were Atl i ?. In the house,. the other inmates having gone out ; 'WO ' l ' past 11 in the morning witnt,s went to the kitchen to , make preparations for the dinner, and on going up stairs to the ° ca r d e rcl l er ) g u rtut e n e , 4_uuu t , ing room, above twenty minutes afterwards, found the &con, lying on the fire, his right side on the bars, his right arm in th e fire, and his head on the , hob. Although much alarrnedt 511 ,„ instantly threw him off, and poured two pitchers of w ater 0 : his burning, clothes ; he then revived a little, and cried ont a t' she immediately ran for assistance, his clothes were taken n"; and he was put-to.bed, and a surgeon was sent for. Wi t 1 1:: had frequently left him atone before.. There was no noise she went down stairs , or she must have heard it, nor were titer° any of the tire-irons ' disarranged. The deceased died on 111 1: day morning. Mr. John Perry, surgeon, deposed to being 43 , he ed in on Sunday , and administering the.ttual applications; v" deceased was too feeble to speak. The burns were the a' s° of his death. A person,. who claimed a distant relationship to the deceased, her e o b serve d , t h at he was an American lollu is, " and received a pension of one hundred and twenty pound*, I I ; year. The deceas e d h a d ma d e a w i ll, he understood, lea Virlft all to his housekeeper, to whom he thought some negligenc e ,. was attributable. - The Jury,. however, were unanimoulaY opinion, th a t n o bl ame whatever could be atta -lied to any Pe r : son, and the Coroner observed, that the housekeeper had all in her power directly the accident happened, and it was ' ll ' possible she could ful fi l her master's commands down stair'', and be in the same room with him at one time.—Mr. land, landlord of the house in which the deceased 11Yedl and an executor to ids will, stated-that the whole of the cash fount after Mr. Brown's death was 291.-L.The Jury returned a vet diet of " Accidental. Death." WATERLOOROAD.-.-Thera isaOtkit and veil inferior railing, about three feet high, at the north end of the buildings midway, botween Waterloo-bridge 'and Stamford-street, which it accidentally pushed against would precipital , the party at least 50 Pet. The Trustees of the road are called upon to protect the public agains t the danger at once, or we shall sp ea k O u r min" more freely upon the dreadful and dangerou s neglect. Yesterday morning, an accident, which toarli proved fatal to five individuals, a nd entirell owing, it is said, to t h e - i h e nut i ous a nd ralil," , driving of the coachmen, Kent. As the Un ion on the doc k* vity of Chatha m in Dover coach was on m its way fro t o wn, it, fro"' the cause above stated, came in violent 0 : 1 " tact with th e. Dover mail on its jo u rney (0 td : county. The concussion was so tremendou s to upset the former, and precipitated the five outside passengers to the ground, who all, how' ever, we are happy to add, escaped with conll'' ra r - , tive safety. The injuries received by the coaciso la d were of so seri ous a nature , t h at it w as fou n necessary to leave bins ut a neighbouring in ii ° and for the guard to driVe to the next stage , . where a substitute was provided, wit& dr° v l it into town. The mail su ff ered a good tie! . by collision, its splinter-bar was sbas A tered to atoms, but it 'nevertheless manor; to proceed on i ts j ourne y. W e t rus t the ab°v will se rve as a caut i on to d r i vers , an d teach-Loo m o attention for the future.