The Sun. — London, England, 1864-02-19 00:00:00

am. *awl IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT HOUSE OF LORDS—Last Evening. The LORD CHANCELLOR took his seat on the woolsack at five o'clock. Lord HOLTGHTON presented a petition from a public meeting held in Manchester, against any interference on the part of this country in the Dano-German war. Lord REDESD ALE presented a petition from Finsbury against the scheme for the extension of metropolitan railways. The Marquis of CLANRICARDE gave notice that on Tuesday next b.e should put a question to her Majesty's Government relative to recruiting in Ireland for the Federal States. MUSEUM FOR PATENTS. The Earl of PO WIS asked whether her Majesty's Go vernment intended during the present year to establish a proper museum and library for patents? The noble earl referred to the want of a well-organised establishment of the nature referred to, because if such was really in existence it would afford facilities for persons contemplating bygone inventions, and also allow inventors to bee.ome acquainted with that which had already been discovered. Earl GRANVILLE agreed in many of the observations of the noble lord, and he thought the present accommoda tion ought to be extended. He could give no distinct answer to the question further than assuring his noble friend that the matter was under the consideration of Government The Earl of ROMNEY:called attention to the state of the law with regard to the removal of clerks of the peace from their office, and asked whether Government would consider the subject with a view of amending the 13w in that respect. The LORD CHANCELLOR said the subject would be taken into 2.onsideration with a view of ascertaining whe ther some judicious amendment of the law could not be made. Lord CRANWORTH thought the evil complained of could be met if the power of removing clerks of the peace from office was given to the Lord Chancellor. Their lordships then adjourned. HOUSE• OF COMMONS—Yesterday. The SPEAKER. took the chair shortly before 4 o'clock. NEW MEMBER. iqr. Moon took the oaths and his seat on his election for Brighton, in the room of Mr. Coningham, and was received wig h cheers from the Conservative benches. GREAT EASTERN AND NOR THERN JUNCTION RAILWAY BILL. On the motion for the second reading of this bill, Mr. G. H. PACK E opposed the motion on the ground that there was no necessity for the undertaking,and moved the rejection of the bill. Captain JERVIS supported the motion. Mr. EGERTON, as a director of the Great Northern, said that he did not oppose the bill on the ground of the mere fact that it would introduce competition with the line in which he was interested, but that it enunciated a new principle, namely, as to the rights of a large commer cial company who had no interest in the proposed under taking to come forward and subscrioe a large sum for its construction. He therefore would second the amendment. Lord J. MANNERS opposed the second reading of the bill on principle. After some remarks by Alderman SALOMONS, Mr. MASSEY said that the time had passed when Par liament would take into consideration the question of com petition as being a ground for rejecting a bill. With reference to the second objection, he could only say that the company who had advanced the money for the new line had complied with the standing orders and could not be objected to at present. Sir J. SHELLEY protested against the house being in fluenced by the opinion of the Chairman of Ways and Means, Col. WILSDN-PATTEN took exception to the remark of the last speaker. Mr. PACKE then withdrew his amendment, and the bill was read a second time. ARMY ESTIMATES. Sir H. WILLOUG [IBY asked the Under Secretary of State - :or War if the accounts of the army receipts and ex penditure for the year ending March 31, 1863, would be presented Fevioua to the discussion on the Army Estimates for the current year ? The Marquis of HARTINGTON said he believed that expla=natory statements had already been laid on the table, and the accounts in question would be in the hands of hen. members in the course of a few days. TARIFF BETWEEN AUSTRIA AND THE Z OLLVE REIN . Mr. S. BEAUMONI asked the President of theßoard of Trade for the production of a tariff beta een Austria and the Zeilverein, which was officially published at Vienna in November, 1863. Mr. HUTT said that the document alluded to would be laid on the table shortly. CAPTURE OF BRITISH VESSELS. Mr. H. BAILLI F., asked the Attorney- Gene7al whether he vas of opinion that when an English mcrchantvessel was captured by an American ship of war in the harbour of a neutral State, it was the duty of the Government to wait for the action and decision of a prize court before reparation was demanded from the American Government; and, if so, whether the Government would also have, to wait for the action of a prize court if an English vessel shou.d be taken out as a prize from an English harbour; and, whether, the capture of the British vessel Science by an American ship of war in the Mexican harbour of Matamoros was not a violation of international law, and a direct act of hosti lity against England. rhe ATTORNEY-GENERAL said with regard to the principle involved, it could not be doubted that when an English vessel was captured in neutral waters, the Govern ment should not wait for the action of a prize court. ID reference to the case of the Science, it was denied by the American captain who captured the vessel that it was seiz ?,d in neutral waters, and no answer had yet been received by this Government in reply to their communication with the American Government. All they could have done was to make that representation. He was happy to be able to state that nothing was more distinct and clear than that no neutral vessel could be taken by the American Govern ment in the Mexican waters, and that even if it were driven by stress of weather beyond tha neutral line they would be protected. THE REV. DR. PA/NE. Mr. O'NEILL asked the Under Secretary of State for Foreign &ffaira whether her Majesty's Government had taken any steps to obtain compensation for losses sustained by the Rev. Dr. Payne, in consequence of an assault made upon him by a Greek soldier in April, 1862 ; and, if not, whether it was intended to take any steps for this purpose? Mr. LAY AR I) said that the soldier had been condemned to twelve months' imprisonment, and he thought that punishment was sufficient for his offence. RURAL PARISHES. Mr. ROGERS asked the Secretary of State for the Hoia Department, if, after a county had been divided into highway districts under the Act of 1862, facilities would be afforded to rural parishes, where the population according to the last census was more than 3,000, and such parishes desire to withdraw from such districts by adopting the Local Government Act of 1858 ? Sir G. GREY said that no additional facilities would be afforded for the purpose mentioned by the hon. member. QUEEN'S COLLEGE (CORK). Lord NAAS asked the Chief Secretary for Ireland whe ther the report of the President of the Queen's College, Cork, to her Majesty, for the past year, had yet been of npre- pre sented; and whether that report contained the whole the correspondence which had taken place between the Irish Government, Or. Millen, and Sir R. Kane ; and if it did not whether he would lay the entire correspondence on the talale of the house ? „Sir R. PEEL said the report of the President of the ' 4 ' l "n:a College in Cork had been presented, and was laid on the table of the house yesterday. There would be no objection to publish the correspondence alluded to. LATIONS WITH BRAZIL. Mr. HUNT asked the Under Secretary of State for Fo reign Affairs whether the Portuguese Government had ten dered its good (Aces to bring about a rene xal of diplomatic relations between this country and Brazil, and whether her Majesty's Government had accepted those good offices, and whether any papers upo n th e subj the table ? ect would be lard upon Mr. LAYARD said that the offers of the Portuguese Government made last year had been accepted by his noble friend at the head of the Foreign- o ffi ce, but he could not state whether it had been accepted by the ether Government or not. No correspondence had taken place on the subject. _ VESTRY CESS ABOLITION BILL. Sir R. PEEL, in moving the second reading of this which the bill, said that the object was to abolish a considerable time, as in Ireland had possessed for a co P n e s7d e was found that these powers were no longer desirable, The ri ghtgentleman entered into some details• . lion, support of the bill . ln Sir E. G —FLOG AA- would not oppose the bill, but thought it required much cons ideration. Lord NA.A.s o i,j ected to a o pOrtion of the bill, After some obsez vati ons from Colonel Fre nc h, Mr. Colonel Dunne, and ether hon. members, . Lefroy, The biV was read a se ond time, and or d ere d to b e com mitted on Thursday next PENAL SERirri-it'oUvDinEg forA I CTS AMEN iiMENT. Sir G. GREY, e:ivd that ne the me asure was e to introduc e a bill t o ame nd the Penal Servitude Acts, s led on the report of the commissioners rented to hon. members too late las t sessi r o s n w t o h e " ,:d been an e wasbte pre_ to bring in a bill on the subject. While there h i ncreas e last year in a p ar ' icular descri p tio n of offence, such as to justify t he alarm of the public, still, notwith standingee the increase in the population, it appeared from the report of the commission that there had been a decrease in crime in the United Kingdom. The recom mendations of the commission were of two classes, the first of which related to administrative details, which no doubt Were very important but required no alteration in tI:P exist ing law to give them effect. The second class did require some alterations, and the bill was so frbmed so as to effect tbat object, and amongst that class of recommendations was that the term of penal servitude should riot be less than seven years. He found that in England, since the act was four p tssed in 1857 to the end of 1862, there had been 13,331 sentences of penal servitude punishment ; of these 3,825 were for three years, and 4,432 were for four years, . king to gether 8,257, or two-thirds of the whole numb r. In Scot land, during the same period, there had been 1,292 sentences of penal servitude passed, and of these iLi s ere for three years and 529 for four years, or more than oet-half, In Ire land, during the same period, there had been 2,157 sentences of penal servitude; and of these 711 were for three years and 751 for four years, being considerably above two-thirds of the whole. Her Majesty's Government, coinciding in the opinion of the commission that those sentences ought not to be continued, thought that the minimum period of penal servitude should be increased. The commissioners looked to th e lengthening of the sentences as the best means of pro ducing a salutary effect, and in principle the Government entirely concurred with that recommendation of the commis sioners. But that recommendation was intimately connected with another, which was, that all male convicts not disquali fied for removal to a colony should be sent to Western Aus tralia during the latter part of their punishment. That re commendation was entitled to the greatest weight, and he was bound to say that although the Government hadnot been able to act on it, the commissioners were fully justified in making it. With the exception of the hon. member for Pontefract (Mr. Childers), the commissioners were unanimous. The right hon. gentleman the member for Oxfordshire, who de clined to sign the report of the commission, stated his reason, in which he expressed an opinioa favourable to the removal from this country to Western Australia of as many male convicts as the colony was able and willing to receive. The Lord Chief Justice, though differing in principle from the ' rest of the commissioners, stated that the urgent demand for labour in Western Australia rendered that colony willing to take a very large proportion of our convicts. He saw the wisdom of supplying that demand, by which both the mother country and the colony would be benefited and a new field opened for the convicts themselves. He (Sir G. Grey) agreed with every word that the Load Chief Justice had written on that subject. He was boned to say that they could not have anticipated the extreme apprehension and alarm with which the inhabitants of the Eastern settle ments had received the recommendations of the commission. Those recommendations, however, had created the greatest alarm, to such an extent, indeed, that it had been thought prudent not to carry them into effect. He thought, on the other hand, that there had been an exaggerated feeling in this country as to the benefits likely to accrue from the adoption of the recommendation, because it would be some time before it could have been of any practical effect. He had made a careful calculation of what would be the result of carrying out the recommendation, and he found that for the five years ending 1862 there were 2,900 convicts sen tenced to penal servitude each year. From these had to be deducted 1,400 women and juvenile offenders and others who were unfit for hard labour, so that there remained 1,500 available to be sent to Western Australia, supposing they were sentenced to not lees than seven years. Against these being sent to Western Australia, both her Majesty and the Government had been memorialised and petitioned by the inhabitants of Eastern Australia, Now, he for one, admitting the colonists to express their views on the subject, denied their right of dictating to her Mejesty as to natters affecting the inhabitants of anoth I' colony thousands of miles awry. With regard to sending con • victs to Western Australia, he found that at present as many as 690 were sent every year. That number the Government would continue to send, but they would not carry out the recommendation of the commission. In fact it would be unjust to Western Australia for the Government to turn a deaf ear to their wishes and discon tinue the practice of sending convicts to that colony. Another alteration in the law with regard to Western Aus tralia would tend to remove the apprehensions of the other colonists, namely, the conditional pardon with regard to long sentences. Under the existing system the convict might receive a pardon, and he could return to any town in Europe or go to any other colony, if he had the means to do so and if he so pleased. What the Government proposed now to do was that one condition of a pardon should be that the convict should not quit the colony until the expiration of , he term of his sentence, but every inducement would be held out to him to pursue an honest life, and there would be no undue interference with his movements. With regard to the general question of transportation and penal servitude, the Government had come to the determination of adopting the term of five years as the minimum of penal servitude, and abolishing the sentence of three and foul years. The next important recommendation of the commissioners was one on which there was a difference of opinion. It was that with re gard to cone jets sentenced to penal servitude being subjected to nine months' separate imprisonment, and then to labour on public works for the remainder of their term, that re mainder to depend on their gaod conduct. That was a very important question, and upon it there was a difference of opinion between the Lord Chief Justice and the commission. The evidence showed that the hope of remission of the sentence was the most powerful inducement that could be offered for good conduct. Such was the opinion of the direc tors of all the convict prisons both in England and Ireland, The Lord Chief Justice said hat if the principle had been a good one it would apply equally to short as to long sentences. there was, however, a great difference between them. A prisoner sentenced to twelve months' or two years' im prisonment had the end of his sentence always before him, and he knew when it would arrive; but a prisoner sentenced to twenty years' penal servitude became desperate unless some hop• were given him. It bad been objected that in this system there was a want of certainty in the puntshtnent Upon this point there had been great popular misapprehen sion. There was no want of certainty in the punishment. The punishment was fixed at a certain minimum, which might be reached through the good conduct of the convict. Say, a man was sentenced to twelve years' penal servitude, which might by good conduct be reduced to nine years. That was the minimum punishment, but the punisnment might extend to the twelve years. There was, there ore, no u:.certainty, and the judges, in passing sentence, knew this and framed the sentences accordingly. The recommendation of the commissioners was that no less than three-fourths of the sentence should be absolute, and that the remission. o f the other fourth should depend on the good conduct of the convict. He thought the house would do well in acting on that recommendation and adhering to the present system. The right hone gentleman, in explaining a recommendation of the Royal Commissioners that tickets-of-leave should enable , he holder to proceed beyond the limits of this coun try, said that a revokable license in its terms carried with it the necessity of limiting the convict by the terms of his licence to the jurisdic ion within which that licence et as given. Even if given to go to our own colonies, it would lead to remonstrances from our colonies against the principle. On the whole therefore it had not been thought possible to extend the limits of the licence. The bill would therefore recognise the existing state of things, and not make any alteration in the practice as regards tickets of leave. Fol lowing another recommendation of the commissioners, it was proposed that when a license was revoked the convict should undergo the whole term of imprisonment that he had yet to serve under his sentence at the time the ticket of leave was granted,instead merely of the time which was unexpired at the period of committing the offence, or in other words that the convict should begin where he left off. It was pro posed also to make certain breaches of the licence cognisable by magistrates, and punishable when of an inferior character by :summary conviction, instead of remission to prison to serve out the remainder of the original sentence. Under the provisions of the bill there would be no sentence of penal servitude for less than five years. If a ticket of leave holder committed an indictable offence the licence would be revoked, and if forfeited by a conviction the whole of the original sentence would be undergone from the date when the licence was granted ; if the breach of the licence was of a character cognisable by a magistrate, then the punishment would be summary conviction. The convict would be called upon to produce his licence when required, and if he was suspected of a breach of his licence, then he would be apprehended, taken before a magistrate, and the case inquired into, and if coming within the magistrate's jurisdiction, the case would be punished by imprisonment, but in that case the conviction was to be reported to the Secretary of State for the Home Department, who would, according to his discre tion, revoke the licence or not. Another recommendation of the Royal Commissioners was to give to local magistrates the power of ordering the immediate infliction of corporal punishment in the case of prisoners guilty of insubordina tion in convict prisons. As the law at present stood, such punishment could only be inflicted by the authority of the directors of the prison. As it was desirable, for the sake of example, that such punishment should take pl ice at once, and as it was difficult to communicate with all the directors, he proposed to embody such recommendation in the bill, and give power for any two local magistrates to be called in, take evidence on oath, and exercise the power of ordering corporal punishment in the case referred to. The right hon gentle • man concluded by moving for leave to bring in the bill. Mr. ADDERLEY submitted the scheme of the Govern ment to a rigid and searching scrutiny, contending that it was based upon an unsound principle, inasmuch as it pro posed to remedy the inefficiency of the existing law by fur• ther extending a principle which had already failed. The right hon. gentleman stated several objections to the mea sure, and laid particular stress upon the fact that it pre tended to embody the recommendations of the Royal com mission, whereas it omitted the most essential feature of them. He would legislate so as to make punishment the sole object, and the punishment should be precisely under• stood by all, and should be definite, uniform, and bitter. Ho would abolish tickets of leave, and make the sentence liter icily coincide with the punishment to follow. There should be no alleviati, n of the man's punishment in prison, except by his promotion, through industry and cetn,cferosmbouoinde never r s to be another, and unless s e length Hoecit•lelli:seoßnediltthe Royal clumene be Leta g measure of t gt b ht a he t punishment would be simple and kind be passed, and it xouldY. the first time in this country for a I would be fewer prisoners crowded an effectual one. The intelligible to all ; there into the gaols, and, for oe something like terror attached i nal to the punishment for his misd a t transportation to Western Australia, that ° t t l i' l l° long period,. there would I d le mind of tne crimi nal NAAS thought, in reference t question of the Government i v a e r r g n e m , e e n x t . had come to a hasty conclusion, and that a tension of the system might be adopted eover, he believed that the inhabitants of the other Australian°r ments would become satisfied that that might be done with out inflicting' any evil upon them. Tho measure waZialhs-o objectionable in not providing an adequate supervision by THE SUN, LOND the police over ticket-of-leave men. In other respects it met with his approval. Mr. WHIT BREAD spoke in favour of the measure,'and argued that without stimulants to good behaviour on the part of the convict it would be impossible to keep eight hundred or a thoußand prisoners in order, and useless to hope for their reformation, and that the ticket-of leave system hid not failed. Mr. CAVE discussed the general question of crime and its correctives in an able and interesting speech. Mr. C. FORTESCUE treated the subject from the Colo- vial-office point of view, and justified the Government in not proposing any more extended system of transportation to Western Australia than the capacity of that colony ad mitted of. He thought that those prisoners who were sen tenced to long terms of imprisonment should receive a large portion of their sentences at home, and should only even tually find their way to Australia as a boon, and as a mode of dealing with them at the end of their sentences ; in fact, that transportation should partake of the character of exile rather than anything else. He believed that the proposals of the Government would eventually satisfy both the inha- bitants of "Western Australia and of the Australian colonies generally. Sir J. PAKINGTON said that as a memter of the Royal commission, and t eeling deeply interested in the sub ject, he wished to make a few remarks on the plan submitted by the Government. He felt bound to admit that the right hon. gentleman had evinced a desire to follow out the re commendation of the Royal Commission as closely as he fairly could. The right hon. baronet had referred to the act of 1857, and the causes whioh led to the change that then took place. He (Sir J Pakington) had before re marked on the great jumps in the sentenc.s from two years' imprisonment to seven years' transportation, and an inter- mediate period was fixed upon, shorter sentences of penal servitude being substituted for seven years' transportation The right hon. gentleman said the commissioners had re ported unfavourably of the experiment. As one of the com missioners he entirely concurred in the report. He thought that those short sentences had not answ.q.ed well, %rid he had no idea that 'he criminal courts would have acted upon them to the extent that they had done. If the courts of justice would carry out their sentences in this spirit ot lenity, it was a matter of miuor importance what system ot punishment the Government should adopt. He thought therefore that Government were correct in the course they had taken, and that at all events the term of penal servitude should be made longer He would next avert o a most important topic. namely, the determination of the Govern ment to disregard the recommendation of the Royal Cam mission on the subject of carrying out transportation to Western Australia on a greatly extended scale. he was of opiL ion that they could not lo , k to Western Australia to carry out transportation, and he looked with anxiety to the agitation which had taken place iu that co:ony oa this subject. If there was a serious objection to carry ing out transportation in Western Australia by the colonists generally, it was the duty of the Government to concede to this objection; but it ought to be recollected that the greatness of Australia was to be dlted to the ad vantages derived from convict labour. Tne cause of the cry against transportation had arisen from he great extent of emigration to Australia in connexion with the gold digging. But the views entertained by the c)lonists as regarded the introduction of convicts were exaggerated ones. Yet, al though he thought this circumstance had been greatly ex aggerated by the colonists of Australia, he still thought that the G,verument were right in concurring in the opinion expressed by the people of Australia on the subject, He begged now to observe that he was favourable to the prin ciple of the remission of punishment, as it was calculated to reform the convict, although this was in opposition to the opinion of the Lord Chief Justice of England ; and he was therefore glad that the Government had retained iu this bill the principle of remission of punishment. He, however, thought the remission of punishment ought to be accom panied by proper supervision of the ticket-of-leave convict. The right hon. gentleman then referred to the evidence of Sir Richard Mayne, in which that gentleman stated that he had told the police not to take cognizance of ticket-of leave men. This showed that supervision was clearly ob jected to by the head of the London police. The right hon. gentleman the Secretary of State seemed not to concur in the course pursued by Sir Richard Mayne in this respect. Well, that might be so, but it was clear that the head of the London police had given the directions to which ho had referred, and be (Sir J. Pakington) was now glad to find that the Home Secretary did not concur in this instruction to the police, for he (Sir J. Pakington) considered that they should have a system of supervision carried on by the police over the ticket •of-leave men. (Hear, hear.) Upon the whole he concurred in the general views taken on this subject by the right hon. the Secretary for the Home Department, and he would hereafter give the measure his most careful con sideration. Mr. CHILDE RS, after some remarks upon the system of transp. tation, the ch4nges it unaerwent, its results and its failures, strongly insisted upon the repugnance enter tained by the Australian colonists to transportation, gni their d, sire to see it come to an end, so that the whole of that continent should be settled by free people. Mr. NEW DEGATE combated these views of the Australian colonist, and urged the injustice of their refus ing to one of the colonies means it desired of augmenting its resources by convict labour. He repudiated the idea thiat,at the dictation of any body of its colonists, this country should be deterred from seeking an outlet for its criminals tor the benefit of its colonists no iess than for its own benefit. After a few observations by Mr. MARSH, Mr. WALPOLE compared the scheme proposed by the Government with that propounded by the ri 6 ht hon mem ber for Staffordshire (Ur. Adderley), and confessed a pre ference for the former. In reiereuce to the subject ot granting tickets-et-leave, he observed that men in all stages end conditions of life were ope,ated upon by the encourage ments ot hope and the dete ring eff-:cts of fear; and he re minded the house that, if they only offered fear and denied the pleasure ot hope, they would only debase the prisoner and turn him out of prison a worse man than he was when he went into it. He deplored the opposition of the southern and eastern colonies ot Australia to a system ot transpLrtation, and hoped that the difficulties on that point might still be overcome. He attributed the increase of crime in 1861 and 1562, in Ireknd, to the failure of the crops, and in England to commercial pressure; but as that increase of crime was concurrent with the diminution of sentences to penal servitude to three years, he be lieved that the increase of the minimum punishment from three to five years, as proposed by the Government, would have a good effect in reducing the number of criu.i nals. As to the rewi-sion of sentences, he suggested that, instead of the convict being under the supervision or espionage of the police, he should be permitted to return to a known place of abode, and should report himself privately to the police if he left that place during the time his condi tional licence lasted. The last point was a difficult one ; but when a prisoner out upon his conditional licence, by com mitting a new offence, abused the Crown's mercy towards him, he ought to be made to undergo the whole of the punishment which had been remitted. (Hear, hear.) Upon the whole he could not but give his cordial approbation to the bill whim had been introduced that night. (Hear.) But we ought, in his opinion, to obtain some penal station near to England, to which the worst criminals could at once be sent, and treated with a severer punishment than that now inflicted on the public works. That was not a matter of legislation, but of regulation on the part of the Govern ment. That, superadded to the provisions now proposed, would make the system as good as it could be proved, and make it more efficient in deterricg criminals from crime, while it did not exclude the principle of reformation. After a few words in reply from Sir G. GREY, the motion was then agreed to, the bill read a first time, and ordered for a second reading on Monday week. THE METRIC SYSTE NI OF WEIGHTS AND Mr, W. EWART obtained leave to bring in a bill to render permissive the metric system of weights and measures. The house adjourned at twelve o'clock. RELIGION OF THE IRIS/I.—The Census of Ire land in 1861 found in that country 4,505,266 Itomat. Catholics 693,357 persons belonging to the Established Church, 623,291 Presbyterians, 45.399 Methodists, 4,532 Independents, 4,237 Baptists, 3,695 Quakers, 393 Jews, and 15,666 of various other persuasions. The number o' persons belonging to the Es , ablished Church is ratber less than the population of the diocese of Lincoln. Of the Roman Catholics five years old and upwards 45.8 per cent. could neither read nor write, of the Established Church 15 per cent., IPI per cent, of the Presbyterians, 9 per cent. of the Methodists, 6.8 of the Independents, 9 2 of the Baptists, 41 of the Quakers. Many persons lescribed themselves as belonging to communions little known to the outside world There were 2,756 Covenanters—there were Kellyites, Darbyites, Walkerites,and s.lorrissonians. The religion o' two persons is described as " Palatine;' one man puss down his religion as "self ()pinion," There are 7 " Oul Lights," and 18 " New Lights." There is a " Crom wellian Protestant," but he stands alone. So does a "Positivist." There are 11 persons "of no particular sect," two "doubttul," one unbeliever, ono Atheist, and 72 point-blank " of no religion." [ADVERTISEMENT ]—Consumption, all nervous, bilious, liver, and stomach 3omplaints, i i every st.g, - re, are only lig ' gravate and accelerated by drugs of every description, but I..eriec ly curable by Du Barry's health restoring Revalents Arabica Food, as proved by thousands of cases which na i been considered hopeless. We quote a few. —Cure No. 62,1114. Miss Lange, is years of age, cured after the medical men had abandoned all hope , of her recovery from the last stage of pulmonary consumption, with f -arful co,igh, expectoration. exhaustion, spitting of blood, perspirations, hollow cheeks, emaciated to a skeleton. She is now, thank God, a perfectly healthy, blooming, fleshy girl.—N. Lange, Commissaire de Police. Cure, No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of lt'rimley Surrey, of hirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement , and partial deafness.—Cure, No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cure, No. 54,816. the Rev. James I'. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, of indigestion and torpidity of the liver, which had resisted all medical reatment. In tins, 11b, 2s 9d; 21b, 4s 8d ; 51b, us; 12ib, 225; 241 b, 40s. Barry du Barry and Cu., No. 77, Regent-street, London ; also Fortnum and Mason; and all grocers and chemists in every town 01 the United Kingdom. IN, FRIDAY EVENING, THE SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN WAR. (From the Times Special Correspondent with the Danish Army.) DANISH HEADQUARTERS, SONDEREURG, ISLE OF ALSEN, Feb. 8. A week has barely expired since I landed at this place from Korsor and Copenhagen, on my way to the headquarters of the Danish army, with a hope to be still in time to witness some of the incidents of the fight for the D•nnewerk, and here I am, already, back again at the end of six days, after seeing the close of that fight. I was at Schleswig on Friday evening, the sth, somewhat disposed to lay aside all expectation of any great events for the night, although there was a talk about a contemplated attack on the part of the enemy, when an artillery officer, with whom I had become intimate, and with whom I had dined and sat after dinner that very day, oame back after a few minutes' absence, and with an altered voice and under the strictest reserve told me that " the Council of War, upon receiving positive intelligence that the enemy had been that very day reinforced to the full extent of 35,000 men, had resolved upon the sudden abandonment of the position of the D tn newerk and an immediate retreat upon Flensburg and Aleen. He asked my word of honour not to telegraph the sad news for the whole of that night, but it was a superfluous precaution ; the whole tele graphic establishment at Schleswig was already picked up in vans at the he'd of the retreating columns, and I since found the same measures had been taken at Flensburg and every where on the road till I came to this place, where I am assured all telegraphic communicgtion With Englant. is inter rupted, not only at Sonderburg, but at Copenhagen I was not the earliest, but certainly by no means the latest, to receive a hint of the inteneed back ward move of the Danish army. One of the brigs diers in command placed himself at the head of his column at 10 o'clock in the evening with the full underetinding that he was to march to the advaeced posts at Fredericksburg and Bustrup, when, on the very ground, he received orders to take the road to F'ensburg. fhe surprise, the humiliation, the rage of the Denish officers may better be conceived than described. I did not see them breaking their sword blades on the ground, as I saw French officers do on the marble tables at the Milan cafes atter the armistice and Peace otVillafranca, but the indigna- tion of these Nerthmen, although less demonstrative, was no less heartfelt and genuine. They all asked, " Wny was not the D:nnewerk given up on the first summons by Wrangel it D ntnerk was tint sufficiently strong to defend it with honour; and it there was a chance of a generous, however ultimately unsuccessful, resistance, why were we not at least allowed to strike a blow fur that costly line of citadels; why were we made to quit the spot like a duellist who refuses to condescend to any reasonable apology before appearing on the ground, then flies the ground just as the time has come when there Can be no retreat without ignominy ?" They ail° wed indeed that the line was too long, the defending army too small, the disproportion with the enemy too great, and that by tarrying on their position the Danish army might have been taken in the rear by some of the Austro-Prussians breaking throueh the line of the Schlei ; but all these difficulties could and shou'Al have been foreseen from the beginning, more than 10 days ago. Nothing, since Wrangel's intimation had been met with such bold defiance, had occurred to alter the position. Either that posi tion was too weak to attempt any defence whatever, or such defence should have been pushed up to the broadest exigencies of honour, regardless of conse quences; the Dantiewerk should not have been e iven up without at least some deed of arms worthy of the high respect with which the world had been taught to pronounce the name of that etronghola. The conduct of the Grrvernment and of the Com mander-in-enief appeared to the T) .nes inexplica ble, and they thought that their warlike fame had been sacrificed to the pitiful shifts of a craven home policy or to the treacherous intrigues of a remorse- Less foreign diplomacy. I had nothing to fear for myself had I made up my mind quietly to await the arrival of the Austro- Prussians at Schleswig, but I was, in a certain man n a fortunes,r my , and v h m e a r e d v e eirt they t p l u in n g e h f t h b o :. o u A e l tier, attached as a correspondent to the Danish i t lt o h e t. o m i i o n w e s itst Potosi, I felt sure, could not at that pinch have nelped me to a horse or a conveyance; but , he friendly captain, to whom I was already indebted if I ever got a chair to sleep in or a table to write at since I had come to headquarters, off red me a sect on his military van, aed I have been travelling with him ever since. Taey had given nice the post )f honour at the rearguard, and it was past 10 when we set out with leis battery on the road to Ftensburg. Tne weather bad been soft and sloppy for the lest five or six days at Schleswig, but the allow, which I cad been falling in large slu4gish flakes on Friday morning, began to gain consistency before we set out in the evening ; the wind rose, keen and boisterous, 'rom the nortn-eest, and at its very first reast tr e state of the atmosphere and the look of the country ,vere changed as it by magic. The snow tnickeueo Ind hardened on tneground,the road became smooth and bright as glass, torses and !nen slipped dread fally, end fell almost at every step. Not one horse in the whole Danish army was roughshod that !,igte—on the contrary, the shoes both of saddle and draught horses were worn smooth by the last five or six days' incessant march on muddy ground, and the progress of the army met with terriole hin drance at the outset. The wind was so chill and violent, the melting snow in our faces was so blind ing, that in spite of my multitudinous wrappings I soon found my seat in the open van intolerable, and alighted, together with the motley crowd from thou sands of vehicles (not two of which were covered), and took my place in the line of march by the side of my brave captain, who had also quitted his saddle and was tramping along, now at the bead, now at the rear of his battery. It was not long before our march began to exhibit, on a small scale, some of the horrors of the famous retreat of the French from Moscow. The night was dark, the cold terrible ; the thermometer, I dare say, did not mark more than four or five degrees below the freezing point, but the chill in our veins told a very different tale, and the slipperiness of the road was perfectly awful. Tee snow, which was falling thick and fast at frequent intervals, lay in the fields three or four inches deep, nod fringed the :rees in the forests with the most plcturesque fret work; but it was trodden to the thinnest layer by all the feet, hoofs, arid wheels of a whole host, till it glistened like ice in the occasional gleam of some pale star, as one or two peeped out in the sky through the gaps opened in the mass of clouds by the fitful 131 " t ' Dra goons, artillerymen, a ll who travel on saddle, were dismounted, even led-horses were put to the direct exertions to keep their tooting ; draught horses bad to be held up, and cannon's, o .i ee ons, and ammunition or luggage waggons to be dragged by the shear strength of men, whose read was no steadier. The falling of men and heasts, the crackin g of wheels and axletrees, was prodigious. It took us a ll nine h ours to go er he first Danish mile and a half (less than seven English) of ground. Morning broke upon us long nefore we were half way between Schleswig and Fensburg, and we reached the latter place about 4 o'clock p.m. on Saturday, having accomplished rhe whole distance of 22 E glish miles in 18 hour s. Die halt at Flensburg was of only two h o urs. Soon after dark we were agein toilingonto/ ,rds in the direction of Kt asap and Graveuetein ; we reached the latter place at about 8 den., atter a second uieht rehearieng all the horrors of t he previous one in an aggravated form, and only cern., to the end of our journey here at sunset last eve nin g . after little less than 48 hours' unmitigeeed suffering . The cut, ing wind, the drifting snow, the darkness, the slipperi ness of the roads, were the sae e throughout. Even at Sonderburg, even in the streets and open places of the town and environs, where horses had to be picketed and the soldiers to l ie b y their side as they best could, men and cattle ha d to strive hard with t he treacherous ground, they had to weather the furious storm as Heaven sent it, not a few of them cursing in their hearts the avidness of Kings who must needs go to war and m ust needs wage war in deep winter! I have touched, in of few Yf orde, and without the 'ERRUARY 19, 1864, least exaggeraiion, on the hardships ono difficulties toe Danish army had to contend with in its retreat, because I think, on the whole, that this retreat was effected in as admirable order ss could be expected under the circumstances, and these brave troops evinced throughout a hardy spirit and a manly en durance above any high praise that my poor pen could bestow upon it. We had tint gone half a mile from Schleswig before we found a very heavy piece of siege artillery forsaken on the road. The eight horses which dragged it had become, owing to the state of the roads, as powerless as so many new littered kittens, and all the efforts of the men to share the work with them had proved unavailing. In the same manner, as we advanced on our dismal march, we, who were in the rear, came up with broken carriages, dismounted caissons, and horses fallen never to rise. The ob. struction to our progress was indescribable. We moved inch by inch; it was one step, two steps, and a halt, and especially at night, as we approached some krog, or public-house, the throng of convey ances, especially of sutlers and other camp followers of every description, who insisted upon stoppingon the highway to feed their cattle, could not be broken through either by entreaty or menace, by love or force. Human selfishness, improvidence, cowardice, could not fail to exhibit their most hideous features on tois occasion as in other great calamitous occurrences. I passed wretches on the road, on the second night, who lay on the stones by the wayside, regardless of the snow that was cover ing them like a pall. I roused some of them, trying to awaken them to their danger, but in vain, ann went my way, shrugging my shoulders, speculat ing on the awakening which might or might not await them in the morning. How many may have perished by the cold, how many of the horses and how much of the ?materiel were left behind, I have co means to tell, but I am sure all was done that ournan valour and determination could achieve. Not a little confusion indeed reigned during the night, but order came in the morning. The battalions of infantry marched steadily and compactly in their ranks; the men, who in the midst ot their suffer ings had no reason tocomplain of hunger, toiled on resolutely ; the houses, hospitably open to them on toe road, did not lure them to unreasonably long delays. Whanever any delay or obstruction on the road occurred of any inconvenient length, the bight of an officer—the clear, sharp, ringing voice ot my friend the artillery captain, for instance, who showed throughout an energy and strength of will perfectly indomitable—had on the few laggards all the effecqi of a trumpet. Up they Is! aaed, ready and willing, more instantly amenable to duty and subordination than any other troops I ever marched with. I nave now seen regiment after regi ment cumiog in, not much the worse for their 48 hours' dreadful tear and wear. Most of the field pieces, also, have been safely conveyed to their new positions, though the same may not be said ot some of the heaviest ammunition waggons. Glen. Wilster, who commanded at Fredericketedt, has been able to bring all his garrison to Sonderborg without the toss either of one man or horse, or even of any part of nis heavy siege train. In the midst of all this magic drama of the retreat from the Dannewerk occasional flashes of comic in cident were not wanting. The oddity of the head gear, the variety of skull caps, hoods, wrappers, and blankets, with which every man strove to shelter himself from the wintry blast, according as his fancy suggested or his means afforded, gave the whole train a quaint, ludicrous appearance. The few men who lay exhausted in the waggons, swathed and muffled, were covered with the thick falling flakes till they looked like statues or snow-men, and alto gether there was something so ghastly and unreal in the whole mass of men tied things that the state of my imagination, disturbed by long unrest, jumbled together the present with a distant past, and made meat times fancy I was moving along a train of masquerading carriages on an Italian torso, such a one tot instance as I saw last year at Turin just a twelvemonth ago, only the procession was silent and not gay, so that it was rather the ghost of a mummery than the thing itself. I saw burly officers of a fine cirayoon regiment, men who are tignt as birds when in the saddle, but who have rio more legs than the Queen of Spain is supposed to have—l saw them, I say, blundering and stumbling along the road the ettioae way, put ting, and panting, tumbling also occasionally (I had myself two rather heavy faits on the villainous hard ice)—and swearing rather savagely at the unwonted, ann to them unendurabe mode of loco motion; but here they were at dinner last evening safe and whoie, all of teem laughing at the sore trial (hey bad to suomit to in their 48 flours' stroll, and not a little vain, in their heart of hearts, at the lea: which they had, wil y r illy, been able toaccomplish. The Austrians, we were told, only entereo Schles wig at 4 o'clock in the morning ot Saturday ; bur ii was no, long before they gave chase, and we had them in our rear betore we were ten miles on our way. They met, however, With not a few ot the aifficuliies we had to contend with, and although we hear of frequent skirmishes on the whole of the long and wide line of retreat, still I have not been able to obtain certain information of any serious engage ment except at a phece cllled Biteculu Itrug, at about four miles from Flensburg, on the very road we hit:J followed from Schleswig, where two regi ments of infantry, the let and 11th, with two field pieces, under Colonel Beck, commanding the let Regiment of Foot, came into collision with a widely superior force cf Austrians—who had, we are told, 16 cannon with them—and made good their ground for some time, twice attacking the enemy with the bayonet, but falling back at last, after suffering severe losses, especially in officers. Ail the staff of one of the companies of the Ist Regiment was left on the well contested field. The main part of the Danish army is now concen trated here, relying on the natural strength of this sea-girt little island, and on the outworks at Dapped which guard the only approaches to the narrow Sound on the mainland. The enemy is close on their track, and at the moment I am writ ing I hear the hurrahing of the various detach ments, which are marching to the outposts in the expectation of a brush with the Austrians. It is rather cdd that so little should ever be heard of the Prussians. With the exception of their first not very successful attack on Missunde on Tuesday last, the troops'of that nation have hardly been seen or heard of anywhere at the front, and all the toil and honour of the campaign seems to have been left to the Austrians, in whom the Danes recognise worthy adversaries, while they speak of their Prus sian foes with contempt. Altogether, I do not believe any army in the world could have behaved more honourably under so great a variety of untoward circumstances than the 7) tnes have done in this unfortunate retreat. Should any chance be offered them of retrieving (heir losses by any trial at all amounting to fair fight, I nave nu doubt they will acquit themselves to the fullest credit, and if the Austrians or Prus sians choose to employ all their overwhelming strength against this position of Alsen, where their vast saperiority of numbers will avail them lees, they may find out that the Danes are not as easily dislodged as it seemed good to their leaders that they should be at the Dannewerk. The whole population along the road, and even at Flensburg, gave proof the utmost sympathy with the toiling and sulfuring troops. Every door was open ; food and assistance of every description were every where at band, a proof either that the Danes are not so implacably hated by their Schleswig sub jects as their German friends,describe them, or that the kindliest feelings ot humanity had got the better of political animosity. CRYSTAL PALACE.—ONE SHILLING DAY, Thursday, Feb. 18.—Admissions on payment, 938; ditto season tickers, 863—total visitors, 1,861. _ _ [ADVERTISEMENT.] — Holloway ' s Pills.—This purifying and regulating medicine should omisi. , nally be had recourse to during foggy, cold, and wet weather. These Pills an; the best preventives of hoarseness, sore throat, diphtheria, pleurisy, and asthma, and are sure remedies for congestion, bronchitis, and inflammation. Moderate attention to the directions around each box will enable every inValid to take the Pills in the most advantageous manner. They can thus be taught the proper doses, and the circumstances under which they must be increased or diminished. Hol loway's Pills act as a:teratives, aperients, and tonics. Wh ene ver these Pills have been taken as the only resource, the results have always been the most gratifying , even when they fail to cure , they always msuage the severity of symptoms and diminish danger. / SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMKS.—The Arneriefins are beginning to look ai their fi❑ancial policy in a new light. Toe Federal House of R.presentatives has actually entertained a proposal to raise by taxation a sum equivalent to our entire revenue. It is true that the idea has not yet taken any practical shape, and we should think it exceedingly doubtful whether the expectations which it implies could ever be realised, but at any rate it marks a new conception of circumstances and obligations. Hitherto the proceedings of the Americans have been an strangely contrasted with our own methods of finance that we could but look with am,zement upon the operation of a doctrine so novel. It seems to be understood that the Fe deral States will require for the ordinary and ex traordinary expenses of their Government during the ensuing financial year a sum of money amount ing, in our currency, to at least S.:180,000,000. Tais, it is calculated, may cover all outgoings on account of civil, military, and naval administration; but it includes no provision for the interest of the na tional debt. That item is reckoned et £11,000,000, though the rate of interest actually current has re cently been made matter of active controversy among economists in this country. However, we may assume for the purpose of our present remarks that Mr.Criase must provide a gross sum of £190,000,000 for the requirements of the financial year. How is all this money to be raised? Mr. Cnase understands as well as Mr. Glandatone the various expedients at the command of a financier. It is competent to him, as he knows, to adopt in any proportions any or ell of three great courses. He may raise money by Cus toms, by Excise, or by an Income Tex, and he pro poses, it seems, to press all these instruments into nib service. But there is this singularity about his prac tice—that, whereas he places the heaviest burdens ei.ctly where we should place the lightest, be does not by all his proposals together profess to raise any thing like the amount which the Government will require. After acknowledging that £190,000,000 will be wanted, he proceeded to explain a scheme of taxation from which he expects at the outside a pro duct ofonly £45.000,0000, thus leaving more than three-fourths of the neediul sum to be procured in some other manner. Tnis enormous residue, it is unnecessary to say, he intends to borrow; so that, in fact, the essence of his budget is a gigantic mete completely eclipsing, all other sources of revenu On these principles the whole finance of Americo reso,ves i , srlt into a system of living on bortoweo .notiey, It Mr. Cnase is to borrow £145,000,000 eut of £190.000,000, here rea'ly appears very little not son why he should not tike the whole sum on loan at once, and save himself and the people all the vexa •ion ot tries. A . this conjuncture, however, the House of Representatives instructs the Committee of Ways and Means to inquire into the expediency ot so increasing the duties on foreign and domestic arieles of luxury as to make them :yield a sum of £70,000,000 a year. 11 suers a measure could be s neck:SSW ily cerried out, it would effect ti tle lees r hill a revoiution in the Federal system of finance ai'herto, the Americans, though so prodigal in their expenditure, have raised coreperatively little b 3, taxation, and next tr nothing by any taxes except Customs. Last year Mr. Chase calculated on oh raining £14,000,000 from Customs, £25,000,000 from Excise duties, and about £6,0001)00 from le come Tax; so the!. his whole regular revenue would nave amounted to some £45,000,000. But his esti• mates were not realised. rhe Customs did not yield the produce expected from them, but .he Excise produced only some £6,000,000 or £7,000,000 in stead of £25,000.000 and the returns of the Income Tax are sri 1 unknown. Nor have these disappoint ments induced Mr. Cease to reconsider his policy, for he has proposed to do no more this year than raise the sum of £45,000,000 by the same meals and in the same proportions, but, as he hopes, with more complete success. Altogether, as we have said. he would only raise by taxation a quarter of the re venue required for the needs of the State, and then borrow all the rest. The scheme now suggested, though it is silent on the vital question of direct taxation, proceeds upon the principle of meeting expenditure by taxation of some kind, and not. mainly by loans. If carried successfully into exe cution, it would provide for nearly half the outgo ings of the year from a regular yearly income, and would teave proportionately less to be raised by borrowing. In fact, it would bring the ordinary revenue of the Federal States up to some 1:80 000 ; 000 a year—a resp: ctuble contribution trom people ac cult owed to provide on ly £15,000,000 eri16,000,000. The question is on what principles or by what con siderations Mr Chase's policy has been hitherto recommended. It is a policy diametrically oppose() to all the principles of finance recognised by modern economists, and especially to such as are most ardently advocated by the admirers of American in stitu'ions in this country. Protective tariffs and ruinous loans are its principal features, while, scarcely any attempt is made to raise revenue by direct taxation. It is of course natural to supp ere that Mr. Chase knew the temper of his countrymen, and shaped hi. 4 policy accordingly. He and his cot -agues m ty have seen that an expenditure was re quired for the purposes of tee war eo large as to be er beyond the scope of any ordinary budget. A people unaccustomed to taxatton,and babitu ted to budgets of X 15,000,000 a year, could hardly be ex oeco d, perhaps, to contribute on a sudeen some £210.000,e011 from their own pie kets, and there was , tie less redeem for pressing them in this resprc inasmuch es they enj.ryed the singular re e outce o Antnlinhed public credit. America ad no asinine -tent, and was therefor. , ai liber?y to incur th:s obligation in place of oppressing thra,lt by burdens ,otoierable it t h.. moment. einem bur im,igint t.:at these were really the views which prevailed with President Lincoln's Government, and to som extent, indeed, we must reg.,rcl them es sound. An a-tempt to iocre , -se tenfold the imuteCiate taxatto, of the people would probehly have produced, it rev rtsistauce to the Government, at least. opposition to the war, and it may well have seemed a more judi cioas policy to draw upon the rich Lund of public credit. intact and avreleble. Bat etiq it is extraor dinary that this fund should have been absorbed .vith so little hesitation, and with much very little relief from present taxation—nor can we omit to mention that the whole system is characterised by some American writers, not as a makshitt or tie ecesity under extraordinary ciicumstences, but as ;he expression of an admirable financial polity ahsomtely transcending all systems at work in flit o.d World. According to these expositions the wealth and productiveness of the country are suc cessfully preserved by Mr. Cnase's plata of opera tions, and the result will be that the nation, after carrying on a war of incredible costliness with -camel' , a sensation of pressure, will find itself upon the conclusion of peace, not exhausted and impove rished as Great Britain was in 1815, but abounding in means and money, and able consequently to sustain. or liquidate its debt without the slightest difficulty. If these curious doctrines contain any truth, the new scheme will do rather harm than good. We need hardly say that we regard the measure now proposed as based on sounder views, but between the inquiries of a committee into a system of taxation and the actual realisation of revenue from the taxes discussed there is a very wide interval indeed. Moreover, it appears doubt ful in the extreme whether so large a sum as £70,000,000 could ever be obtained from the sources in question. We are not told bow the burden is to be distributed between) Customs and Inland Revenue; but, if t he division is to be equal, Customs must produce £351'00,000 a year instead of £14,000,000, and Excise £35,000 000, t° id of 17,00000. Can these resu l ts b e secured, ins and from taxes on luxuries only ? We are certainly told that the Americans are living most sump , uously, but the description applies princi all - to the great cities of the North -East, and the Pr o) i w ch . au .i g h g er e e st i s s t a he el e i x g t h rr to e n an d o e a f e ti t o i oh s n fe k ilort for f ) ,-o op pbt w rh e le n i o ee: s to Pe b ri e tY ho w il h o heavy a superstrac.ure. Sooner or later the Ame ,,glacntaitnoanstism; e u as s ni t dn d dt i ih s c c ias o t v e discover sr resolutionl h r r i (e):81 of tweightapprehensionh e House actuallyt fair,ru t h a o n w d aervr a ei vr desire at tn, t x o confront wuhpeonn ltuhxe t u h rd e i :syd will ffi o o t n! be y e . t. reckoningouW nd utterly inadequate io meet the accumulation of demands. POST.—The important not e address ed by Austri a and Prussia to the minor German States must have the effect ot bringing to an issue the q has virtually, if not ostensibly , agitated whichorsom y time past the two secti ons o f the Confederation. Tee Diet has submitted t.) much at th he grea t Powers, it re mains tobe to be seeenhaWnhdestohlert will allow its authority completely superseded. When the toe jo , ity of t fie r epreseritali res at F ran k tort refused to i ns i st on burg's withd rawa l fro _t he Dik e o f Augtisten m the Duchies, t ie AustroeP ruse i en and rejec‘rd prop-teal t or M a ki ng tee inva sion of Schleswig con of he C.,n•ii.utioll of N , ingent on the non sus p ens ion "verilh' r. A .Stria anti Prtls sea disrega r d e d the F ede ral troop- through dec - sima, marched their lave Ki„l, whichhe Holstein, oblged the pretender to had made his head quarters. and invaded Schleswig onhe ground of tne non- e°mPtiatic e o t the Dan ish G overnment with the de 'winds ma d e on it in e atuution. In a ll this resp Pct to the obnoxious Con the Diet, though with no good grac e , qu i et l y acquies ced . Schleswig having been occupied by the allie d armies, armies, another slow was directed aga i nst th authority of the Diet by the Prussian Comm an d e er•in Chief. Without any previ ous communication of the pr o t es t of with the Diet, and in defiance the Federal Commissioners, he garrisoned the pri ncipal towns in Holstein with Prussian troops. This, however, was an indignity to which the maj ority in the Diet could not be ex pected to submit • Several of the minor States ad dressed their protests to the Council of Frankfort g4inst the vicka tion of Federa l territory, end ft‘' committee Was 4pp mired to illeire into and rtpell upon tne 'Acts completned of. Feuding the decieiere however, the great Powers have now gone a ate? farther, and, not content e d with occupying 11(4- stein with their own troops, have demanded the withdrawal of those which constitute the artny of !he Confederation. Tnis is in effect the substance of the note addressed by Austria and Prussia to the minor Powers. Looking on the Saxon and iieniE, verian troops in the light of a F,derat reserve,atio assuming that their forces constitute, in truth, the Federal army, they state that there is 130 1013ger any necessity for such a reserve. They vvill them selves take care that execution is properly nerriel out, and, should a reserve bon übsequently decrie d necessary, they willtake upthemselves the del, of supplying it. Such is the nature of the deMeou now made by Austria and Prussia on the m;-or Powers, and we shall await with no little curiosity the response which will be given to it. arum thet course now taken by the great German Pewe re " f is not only apparent that they intend to dispose o the Duchies as to them seems best., but that dr tnode of disposition en which they have resolved to not one which they believe will fi nd fay AO in tin' eyes of the lesser Sates. Whether Austria atiu, Prussia intend to abide by the Tree y of ISO, a" restore the Duchies to the King of Denwaric t it soon as he shalt h.t.ve made certain concessions, •:: w hether they intend to retain them themselves, it is clear h that they do not propose to op t what nn or e regarded as the national programme. They iti ir Powersintentions, have, however, for some tune suspecteiter and have gone so far as to organise ie.,4 sures to frustrate them. At the inetance of Bacel 1 ; _...:eruments of that kingdom, :cectonfrencebetwevn the Ministers of the respeet_l_r ~,W rteo3berg, the two Hrisses, and B idol he e t o ummoned to agree upon a course of actiou in en , event b of the recognition of the Duke of Augaltsho _u o r n g bring disallowed by the other members in io U .. 0 tederaion, or the dioluemberaleot of it" 4tioe S ',cone, 1103°I;i's of the e rctty not being effeeted Ly the finarsep.ra ,0 Duchy of Schleswig from that kingeoto. :0. far as the States are concerned which b ale C tented to accept the above•mentioned hae' s ci e t s _l -' ,n, ther II renc,.of opinion can subsist purplyP rigid c nisei domestic real , °b.it'ets with which that scr of c into tff'et , by them in Holstein v v . e te olf suppose that there are any who coneclen-Were Pilet —Federal execution--.,:e(10 c o ot elleved wrien the Federal Commissioners .:to deep ached to Holstein that it was the intentil;id of the majority of the Diet that itleY„::,l ' Or ta only temporerily administer the: D4ll t!" it jog; bur ili grievances were redressed by the D4"le",s i e .ve Wriell We notice the course which ea% wit h the taken it is impossible to avoid beiog sf' n e e mo rlt was serious i disadvantages under which PtenproOgn w4uoitspleiince:dw i t b h y t hheerG7retnidaennituNcl orr.efl,adt ieornaot i b o i n P: 0 ,,,: olo i ti f i ll . ~o,imatFeederal execution .weacaomepelled tocouesei tile evacuationeftha'n„ the .tiork "` obi. ~ ‘ powers of the Diet, and Deew, wing n,tig...it; to accede to that advice for the sake to P f oo eution was an set Wit"l"„,4l in the right in the eyes ot Ear"P°' i; wito the e it B i h e er England or Denmark believed tnatcitier tention of the Confederation siMeli a rook th e the trouble province, e f veilingand their German u co s coo l trate at decent disguise. Now, however, all conceetpioar 'Pew an end ; and, at the instance of tii h ' e Powers of the Confederation, the Diet i e tcl:„; ado upon to direct that te uchy which Nvf's °";",tosili lterPio°:cleer:i;ll; nor acknowledged of a ministerial- ct, and *Won ,ch4ifig, shall the sovereignty of the 11)60'Ll'rinis is .11 be handed over - of to another rt esi d " 1 one of the objects with which,under the P r . 00 0 of Bavari a, a meeting of th® repreeeoteti Toe& several of the German States has been ne,seeii 00 The Schleswig-Holstein question has e v e a e fruitf u of complications, that we e%Perculti surprise vitot at the discovery of the singular 1; anal e' of necessity must arise, not 00 ra,ll(3clioi garde of the the mode, but as to the right e` E-040 e' two Duchies. The unanimetle ' io air Germany declares that tne Dechiea are t he soiubl crime united, and must in any event 1.15100arlt• fate, But. although wrested Ono li t e h eed ° ' they a Holstein at the present moment in differenprjee• is in the possession of the Coofe ;000 cl whereas Schleswig is in the position of aP r 00 of rquered by Austria and Prussia in the ir c o ve n e yeit European Powers. The Confederation o pt t i e t the ex tent in the disposal of Schleswig; an d ' Iris 611 1 xtent of their votes in the Diet, APA,torti 0. .„..,.Prussia,is are powerless to determine the '.7leit 00 ti the tein. That this difficulty has faced toot leose r attention both of tee greater and of to4t 0015. ~German Powers is apparent from their ren,,, that I i s in order to get r id o f this diffieoe'Joieer Austria and Prussia have called upon tnipeiveli composed powers to withdraw the Federal reserve, e% e g fro° r, e posed of Saxon and Haooverian t oot t 0 ,0! 0.. Duchy of Holstein ; and it. is viitn tPeapitekt tohl:' h c e t that some of the lesser Stateshsve °pool Diet the expediency of despatching 0 . Oa ° troopstif into Schleswig. Such then ie the to id 0 ,1 the D ;no-German dispute, snd it e/!heot it° seem that the despoilers of Denmark 6113,;:csitii* wrangle with eac h other • the 111 ' reepecting of the booty. COUNTiYT ---------A ----- •-'" a 010 MANCHE sTEß—Toviov,-110 olieavivo An average attendance et warset and D0%4; in " y ol do ll, 0 .0 milted demand. at the currency of ;hs NI gl ue t declined 2d per ttlolb. Fiour neglecteci, t i ot 10 - t r 0 lower. aits and datmeai acre quiet. "l i 6 d I to 0 Pe changed in price. Indi an c,,in Geolined and beans a dull sale at tomer rates. and t effect ------. This mornii.g there was a t.ir suppl ° I • es ot' - s 13 1 0 13 :: 4t Peas,4 is —English 3p6 esr to3w64h2es Atonea t p e w r BlRMlNGHANl—Traasoluitilsh . 01 sates a reduction upon the P. d to, oil. pear 30 o er qr ; grindin a 3 g rso 6 , rB : 2 : 4l l e .t . : tie nnight in some caste had to be subraitte id i e r 0 460 again cheaper. Oats, beans. and ra ° 8 ,, ° . ,bite...,1 0 5. ,,1° There was ßU stone ; Irish, 18s to 24g, Bealah '''' ----- cohualnr whitee in pwrhillcaeuaTstt,a.OirN44.stOt e N n daftil{::BiloNf, arrrhee;:::::11.:::19: 1, to 0, New do OOO. 0 , 110 9 ~. 44s to 47a I Malting b . Grinding dom .' to v " 4802ai10ey4,60.91r old, toait4iroissrator 71:. •s to 4 1 -s I Yew d 0.....:.•;; to arley. .350 to 38s I Oats ~.• ----- ,seleltrD: .. ' .2Bs to 320 I Beaus ...... BRISTOL---10171151)'kAl; 013 ' - ° ,:ii There was a fair show of wheat to•-11130600. 0 a sl l o m w os a t t aundseaclelianbeloo.f lßsarpieerygor.oaroorres;ig.ll I d on 0° beansTeloo. .d•ln ------- fEI 3 . 11 ' 'ob de EDINBURGH GRAI--t 9/111 d, slow sale, at Is quarto under last vOOlll7O 0 09 pric y ' ley rterad°4l3fortiler Oats met butwas6cla tioarlgsepeBru;al c)f. When.t '''riceitiloPesej--. lihea ii a ready sale for due qua oel m O. Beans as before. 00 ic i t io Wheat ....age ; . on the top is 6d down •. alu'Lis II id thico Barley on the top Os 6d down ....... " a l u m 00 odo ' Oats on the top 6d up. •• . . ....... • •a l f er ao (1° 9 1 Beans on the top 4s Od up ....... •••i" P O 4 Average Prieeo. ~... • ' ..,5 3 • 4 . Wheat .............. 38s 9ti I Oats. ..... ' .....' ' Barley .............. 37s Od I Beans ..... ' sold ynlitwnhaleirle Oats i n limi t ed reque 0 t. ilr 6 Total Suly and Sale s. 94 5 0 , Wheat ..... -.1705 qrs. ....... sold 00 g o; Barley... ..... 1483 qrs ........ Solo. , 8 0 cl __ Oats ........ 2951 qrs ........ Sill 1 133 cir r oi 04 8ean5........ '292 qrs ........ S°, 0004 Flour sells as follows :—Whites, 41 Oa ; w oo superfine, 3sOd ; fine, 35s tai. ~.., oak" 0 - - -- r .yiog o t o il , Persons who have been is the habit or E,„ pi s ,i% borrowers of Sewing Machines will do wen , d c0.'0.00 tb. and become members of Messrs. Watts ..31:t o il °.., tial Machine Clubs. By so doing they Will not the o af tto' 110' the 10' money they now foolishly throw aWAY. b_.. o of d ...- le d secure to themselves the posseasioa otboe.livet.. sPoel O f t. most celebrated sewing rnachiare iii letter Vldr°10"tl• formation given on application; or bY d _ .. , co ., VA, or a 0 a stamped envelope, to Messrs. Viratts where buildings. strand, London, VI.C., ,coricl rolled daily between 10 and 4; SatardW• ~,,----- ----------- - --___—_-- - e at. iv - . Births. wi 0 tA. derehot, tll tha AxEas.—On the 17th blot-. 6 " — 1 pliblin, Akers, tI.E., ot a daughter. LeePoo-6 t r eet" Or BLossE —On the tsth inst., at _ __,,, p atli 1. , T war. Lady liartiet Lynch Blosse, at . b' a u % 00 0 MASS! —On the ,sth inst., at, 4. , tl th e fe of I' ton, Lady Lucy Massy, of a s °ll* t o s tbi VANDERSPAII.- Oa the 17th irost., 0 Louts Vauderepar, t he'r DiarriageS* So ik ii . t aei, ~,, wt., 1 % 0 1. 0 04 0 BARNETT—WEEIKS.--00 the laTi. sq.,,seeloti 000 Laughatn-piaet., Sitauel 1 3 'rn 'iloarY„ollerg Weeks eldest daughter of James ~.,4, ,tb granddaughter of Edward floworto Barns'. 8,q., ot s son. London, at Sit 08 114 ion " is lfr tb to gt,oo' FIRISTIAN—rOOLP.--on theolio itba I,oll° third &tight er of Jusepn eoole, Frtiocis Christi4u, ot of I ;°r /ignore, Loudon. ~, e Deaths , o , ,„ a' fit 1. b."' ' CARRtiTnEns.--On the 17th ins... ,1,00131;:•14 ' 13 I°l 'l'lls lionsingt n, L eut.-Colonal tia • ife' Ole , 2•1 Regt., aged 4 El ie Lodger CIIRTSTIE --On the 161 12 last,' Si .... pci orPlll9fr John a Chrysti , Esq. • cbeefiel CHEEsE —On the 16th inat.. 191°436„1 66, ;re f CoPt m____ltdol:ou_rifferetorrishire• ligy nerbyeb OO HALL —O the 161 h inst., ar Rieley, 1/ V I t'r# Of til° W. H. Hall, N.N., and 63 ' vr Jolor' JoyNER.- On the 16th jag, Alf. W. _ Bor if t.: office, Pali-mall, aged 41. borl' P for l je ' t Yourtg" f. PULLER—Oa the 16th foot., a_.,.,,, 004., Christopher 'William piles ft.l , fordshire, agdd 67. 00 -SO. -)-eCkill O. - - jaid fo e to. f V ill' $ 0 joy 4- LOndOII: Prln:,ed and Pe-dished D/ 100 sti _ so colt of No. HA Strand, Printer, r be 500. i n Strand, in the Precinct 01,,, it , 18 10 Xiiamez.---Fridtti, rartif" _.,--- W it .4 :p P tvkis: 1(IN A This pti t 4 It! pn , , k BOl4 wt ^ , e catE ~r),„h, ,,,„fttor, ,o ti 't4 P i.. / 14u 4Potit of t ' i ctlna t 4 1 ,0 I ttYr;" 4 e LA _ ) 14 t at' -Av 1 41:ekl P Ni kto Nti e s k =lei Z 4 6 0141 4 E 1, Th; o * E "4 .e . keli t St T" the t vB 4l. 14 404 t 't i ll 4 4 tees Pt 1111,44 T4 i3 ro I' A ' I Tit ( 4,„ w „ M PB4 ~ 1E6 9 ~~ha