The Sun. — London, England, 1864-09-28 00:00:00

Social Science Congress. YORK, Tuesday Afternoon. The weather still continues all that can be de sired, and many of the members have been amusing themselves by visiting the " lions" of the city—the Roman Catholic pro-Cathedral, the Castle, School for the Blind, Training College, Subscription Library, Industrial School, and Museum. all coming in for a fair share of patronage. Last night a crowded meeting was held in the lecture hall, Good ranagate, for the purpose of hearing speeches on social science, in connection with intemperance and public-houses. There were more than a thousand persons present. Amongst the speakers were the Rev. T. Hutton, M.A. ; F. Thorpe, Esq., Rev. Elias Schrenk, Dr. F. Lees, Mr. John Plummer, Mr. J. H. Paper, and others. This morning the Festival Cancerteroom was again well attended, principally by ladies, the oc casion being the delivery of Sir Charles Hastings's address, as President of the Department of Health. Lied Brougham presided, Sir CHARLES HASTINGS, in the course of his remarks, said :—lt is matter of congratulation that the council have set forth for consideration at this meeting some problems intimately connected with the progress of sanitary science; the three subjects BO pointed out being : The best mode of disposing of the sewage of towns; the causes of, and the means of preventing, excessive mortality among infants ; and the influence on health of the over crowded dwellings of the working classes. Nothing cm be more certain than that the mortality of towns is greatly increased by the imperfection of the means for disposing of their sewage, and that a satisfactory solution of this question is a desidera tum of great importance. The sewage thus col. lected has been heedlessly cast into rivers to pollute their waters, to destroy one source of food supply in their swarms of fish, and to convert the healthful stream into an impure ditch. The revelations that have been made in the returns of the Itegistrar.Gene. ral, and the results of recent laborious investigation in large towns on the subject of infant mcrtality, are absolutely appalling. This mortality cannot be said to be peculiar to any state of society, for it exists under circumstances most dissimilar in our urban and rural population. Infant mortality is very high in rural districts. In the meantime it is clear that in our large towns potent agencies are ever at work to which much of the deadly destruction may be charged. The impure air of crowded, badly venti lated, and badly drained dwellings is singularly inimical to young life, Then, again, the poor form a large proportion of almost all communities, and a deficient supply of nutriment to the in fant is the frequent consequence of the want by the parents of the necessaries of life. Many sues cumb to the influence of epidemics, and thoee who survive grow up a debilitated race, and never bring the fall quota of health to the life of their regene ration. Of these diseases, scarlatina is peculiarly destructive. Considering the progress of sanitary science, it is mortifying to reflect that within the last year we hive had to deplore a serious loss of young life in many parts of the kingdom from this epidemic, Perhaps there is no view of society more dishearten'mg than that which is afforded by the facts lately brought to light respecting the marderaus destruction of infant life. Nearly one third of the number of incrusts last year-6,506-- were held upon infants under seven years old, of whom over 1,0)0 were illegitimate. There were held 3,644 inquests on children under a year old, and of these nearly 1,000 were illegitimate. There can be no doubt that the crime of infanticide is of frightful prevalence. The public meeting o ver which Dr. L Inkester presided some time ago at the Free. masons" Cavern, was a move in the right direction. What is the influence on health of the over crowded dwellings inhabited by the working classes ? The reply to this inquiry is of paramount importance. Over-crowding is not confined to the inhabitants of towns; it exists to a great extent in the rural es well as in the urban districts, and is in each case a pregnant source of disease. There is no doubt that its effects are most conspicuous in towns, but the cottages in country districts are often so over crowded that 103 s than 100 cubic feet of air is ailotted to each inhabitan`. ; and when any epidemic vi3itation appears in such localities, a higher rate of mortality is caused, especially among the young. Perhaps of all the questions relative to the improvement in towns, that of over crowding is most difficult of solution. The misfortune-is that the diminution of the evil in one part of the town has a tendency to increase it in another. Thus the destruction of old streets and the formation of new not unfrequently has the effect of forcing the work. ing people into habitations more crowded and more objectionable than those they have left. Model lodging-houses tiave in many instances been erected to set an example of improvement, and to show how much the health of the worst localities can be im proved. But unless the municipal authorities in our towns can be convinced that it is their duty to take the lead in this movement, it is not probable that anything adequate to the extent of the evil will be achieved. I may observe that the spread of epidemic fever is greatly aided by overcrowding and want of ventilation in houses. Perhaps of all causes this has most to do with incubating and dif fueing fevers which are known as inflammatory or relapsing fever, typhus, enteric, and gastric fever. Model lodging-houses have been instrumental in diminishing the death.rate of crowded localities ; though no doubt improved drainage and water sup. ply have acted powerfully is the same direction. A forcible illustration may be seen in the improved sanitary arrangements of our prisons. It is, how ever, not less certain that alterations of the soil and surface of a country are influential in modifying the "eharacter and abating the prevalence of par ticular diseases of the febrile type. I am in a con• diaion to prove that a very great alteration of the soil and surface of the county of Worcester took place in the latter part of the last century. The chase of Malvern was, up to a comparatively recent period, a Royal forest, and as it was situated in the vale of the Severn, and liable to be inundated, its rank vegetation would be likely to produce miasma of an active kind—a sufficient cause at once for the prevalence of ague. . Towards the end of the last century, nearly the whole of this chase, which con tained many hundred acres o f land, was enclosed. The effect of this enclosure and of the cultiva tion of the soil was considerably to alter the surface of the country, and to make the land drier. There was not, indeed, any such scientific drainage as is now practised with so much advantage to agriculture ; bat the mere effect of ploughing, of making water-courses and ditches, and the substitution of serial crops for rank vegetation, must have had a great effect in remov ing water from the surface of the land, and in diminishing miasmatous exhalations. So that, as regards Worcestershire, the disappearance of ague seems to be accounted for by its being coincident with a very material diminution of the causes which are known to produce the disease. The alte ration of the type of disease in Worcestershire is not confined to intermittent fever, bat I think to some degree an equally satisfactory explanation can be given of other changes. It is possible that the day may come when, as in smallpox, a mild disease may be substituted for scarlet fever ; and some conti nental physicians have brought forward facts which, if duly authenticated, would render it even probable. Bat were such a discovery assured, it is to be feared, shou4l the community at large remain as ignorant of physiological laws as at present, that great in difference would be manifested as to the utilisation of the benefit. The history of vaccination and of the opposition made to its general introduction among our population, is a s t r iki ng proof of the athlete adherence to preconceived notions created by uninformed prejedice. The mortality from smallpox is no doubt greatly diminished, but it is still Considerable, and this, in a great degree, from the igneranee and apathy too much prevailin g on the subje c t. The portion of protection of vaccination is ac cepted by o n l y the community, and that a smaller proportion than in many other civi lised States ; so that the British Isles are deriving less advantage from the g en i us of their immortal countryman than are the inhabitants of other lands. The same remark a pplies to o ur colonies, as is seen from the occurrence of smallpox among our troops stationed in various parts of her Majesty's demi nions. Among the causes which operate to produce this lamentable state of things, the following seem to be the chief :- 1. The carelessness and want of foresight of a large num ber of the population, who seldom think of providing against the evils of a future day, and wh In smallpox is not prevalent, neglect to vaccinate their children. 2. The prejudices of a few who persist in believing that vaccination is irjurious ; who ignore the plain proofs of the enormous benefits it has conferred, and who therefore refuse to have their children vaccinated. 3. The insufficient payment of public vaccinators under the Poor Law Act, the fee usually paid being so low that it fails to induce them to seek out children who have not been vaccinated; and they consequently only vaccinate the chile dren brought to them. 4. the want of a duly authorised medical officer to see that the provisions of the Vaccination Act are properly car ried out, great irregularities consequently occur, especially in the issue and returns of the certificates of vaccination. 6. The want of a more complete registration of births. Many children are born who are not registered, and it be comes impossible to give the notice for vaccination. 6. A general aversion on the part of the public to legis lation in a matter which they believe to involve interference with their natural rights. This feeling, however praise worthy and useful in some cases, is, when acting in the wrong direction, fatal to all combined action for the civilisa tion of man, which requires that many individual tights shall be given up for the benefit of the community. This feeling not only exists among the poorer classes of the population, but even among the wealthy and influential, forms a serious barrier to the adequate carrying out of many sanitary measures. Some of these obstacles in the way of the diminu tion, if we may not hope for the final eradication of a terrible disease, may be removed by legislation, and we ought, as far as possible, to impress on Pars liament the duty it has to perform in this direction. The cry of the liberty of the subject ought to be scouted in every case when the exercise of this so called liberty endangers the lives and health of others. It is just as criminal, and calls as loudly for the interference of police authority, to spread smallpox by the exposure of persons infected, as it is to set fire to a barn or hayrick. Looking, then, at the great advances already made, and the many ef f orts that we see originated around us, we may have good hope for the future. The time will assuredly come when the laws of health will be generally known and obeyed throughout the com munity. None of us are likely to reach that day, but we may hasten its coming for a future genera tion, and even now we may see it and rejoice. Already the average term of human life is increas ing year by year in England and Wales, owing to better drainage, freer ventilation, a wider diffusion of the comforts of life, and greater moderation in the use of fermented liquors. It must be a matter of congratulation to this association that one of our members, and one who has taken a deep interest in our proceedings, is now guiding the destinies of India, Sir John Lawrence has paid much attention to sanitary investigation, and I understand that one of the last steps he took before sailing to the scene of his vice-regal labours, was to obtain from the office of the association the valuable papers of Miss Nightingale on health in India, and others bearing on the same subject. The paper was received with much applause. At the conclusion the labours of the different depart • ments commenced. In the Jurisprudence depart■ meat, papers entitled " On what principle should the law deal with questions of responsibility and mental competence in civil and criminal cases re spectively ?'' were contributed by J. F. Stephen, Esq., barrister-at-law, and S. W. North, M.R.C.S. The reading of these papers was followed by much discussion. In the Reformatory section Miss Car penter read a paper on the " Non••imprisonment of children." Other papers on the subject of crime and reformatories were also read. The General Average section was again attended by most of the foreign delegates at present staying in York. In the second department, that of Education, various papers were read on subjects connected with education, such as Statistics of Elementary Education in York, Adult Education, Lancashire and Cheshire Mechanics' Institutes, The Half-time System, &c. In the Health depart mezit, the questions of the Causes of the Rejection of Recruits in the Manufacturing Districts, Extension of the Factory Laws, Employment of Children in Sweeping Chimneys, To wn and Village Kitchens for Sick-room Cookery for the Pcor, &c., were ventilated. In the Economy and Trade department, Mr. John Noble read a paper contri buted by W. P. Urquhart, M.P., who was pre , vented from attending. Apologising for reading a suhjcct which had been discussed at previous meet ings, he stated that his wish was to show that the theory, or rather certainty, that whatever was most conducive to the gcod of the community wee also the most profitable to each of the various st c tions of which the community was composed, WAS applicable to the question of taxation. He quoted largely from the writings of Locke, the philosopher, in support of his views, and investigated the work ing of local rates, the principle of which he ap proved. He pointed out the injurious effects of heavy taxation upon trade and industry, quoting from Mr. M'Culloch in support of his assertions. Perhaps the most remarkable change in the con dition of the land had taken place in the memory of men now living—he alluded to the time of the Peace of Paris, when Government attempted to bolster the price of wheat up to 80s. per quarter, and when the cry of agricultural districts rang throughout the kingdom. The substitution of direct taxation to some extent in the place of in direct taxation, had remedied these evils. He then discussed the income-tax question, proposing a scheme for the purpose of laying the whole burden of taxation upon rent, leaving trade, agriculture, and commerce absolutely free, and defending his views with much force and ability. The reading of this and the subsequent paper attracted a strong gathering of the Liverpool financial reformers, who manifested great interest in the proceedings. Mr. Noble then read a paper contributed by the Liver pool Financial Reform Association, entitled, "Free Trade and Direct Taxation," which occupied some time in its perusal. It is said that the principles which should regulate the levy of taxation had already been discussed five times, but the op. ponents of direct taxation had failed to make out their case. The poor were the greatest suf ferers uader the system of indirect taxation. All revenue is raised from rents, profits, and wages. By direct taxation we take what is certainly re quired by the state ; by indirect taxation we have to pay a much larger sum, in the shape of profits upon capital advanced to pay duties, and the expenses incurred in the collection of those duties. Direct taxation would save the taxpayer 2-3ds of the money now paid by him in the shape of taxes. Alluding at much length to the arguments in favour of direct taxation, and defending them from the attacks of opponents, it was contended the adoption of direct taxation would be in accordance with the rules laid down by Adam Smith and other political economists, and would enable commerce to go forth freely, leading civilisation with one hand and peace in the other, thereby rendering mankind happier, wiser, and better. The discussion which ensued was of a very spirited nature, and was con tinuing as we left the room. If time permitted, it was intended to read a paper by John Yeats, LL.D , on " The National Exodus : its C onsequences an d Results," in which he showed that increase of popu lation has not equalled the increase of wealth. This he attributed to emigration from this country —as a remedy for which he proposed the application of every available means of increased culture, intel lectual, moral, and physical, amongst the people, Giving statistics respecting the extent of emigra tion during late years, and analysing the various classes of emigrants, he showed that while emigre- tion from old countries to new is necessary to both, yet if enforced by want it becomes dangerous. He would remedy the evils of excessive emigration by 1333kir: ,; the whole population 88f-supporting, by rendering them more intelligent and better in formed. In the new section, Agricultural Economy, E Holland, Dq., M.P., presided, assisted by Professor J. Wilson. The first paper read was by Edwin Chadwick, C. 8., on " Piece Work in Agri culture," in which he said that, if the rudimentary principles to which the great progress in manufac tures is due were applied to the land, large differ ences in sgricuitural and economical results would be obtained. Manufacturing success was principally L due to the system of piece work, or payment for the amount of work actually done. In the metro• politan market gardens, examples are afforded of the more extended application of the prine ciples of piece work, with advanced results, such as practical witnesses declare to be applicable to the working of farms. On the piece work principle the advance in wages obtained by the labourers is equal to an increase of 30 per cent. He contrasted the difference between the farmer and the manufacturer, the labourer and the operative, and asked where Lancashire would have been had work been the rule in its workshops and factories ? He also al luded to the bill brought in by Mr Scholefield, M.P. for the purpose of enabling the principal, or the employer in any concern, to give to his subordinates shares of profits, and also imposed responsibilities for losses, without making them partners. This bill did not receive the attention which it deserved. Such a system was in operation in Holland, where it operated most advantageously. He recommended the subject to the association, who would render much service to agriculture as well as trade by agi tating to free it from such injurious restraints as are at present imposed upon it, and to advance the great social and administrative object of making interest incident with duty. Captain O'BRIEN then read a lengthy paper on "The Sale and Transport of Cattle," in which he alluded to the vast quantities of diseased meat sold in the market, and the evils there occasioned. In spection of cattle seemed to be the only remedy; but all legislation on the subject was beset with difficulty. Many laws which had been passed on the subject had become inoperative. He then traced a plan whereby some amelioration of the evil might, he conceived, be reasonably hoped for, and detailed the arguments in favour of the same. The Rev. Canon RANDOLPH then read a paper on "Statute Hirings," and was followed by the Rev. T. Hutton, M.A., rector of Stilton, and late chaplain of Northampton gaol, who, in a paper on "Agricultural Gangs," gave a fearful picture of rural life in some of the midland and marshland districts. He said that gangs of children, aged from five to 16 years of age, were prevalent in those dis tricts. These gangs general!y numbered about 40 children in each. The children were hired by the masters of their parents, the contract being for 12 months. These masters were generally labour ing men, and lent out the whole or portion of the gang to those farmers who required their services in field work. Very frequently the children had to walk a considerable distance to the scene of their labours. The effects of this state of thicgs was terrible in the extreme. The children were virtu ally slaves, and possessed no means of escape. In one village there were eight gangs of 40 children each. Five of these were mixed gangs, that is consisting of boys and girls; two were of girls only, and one was composed of boys. The demo. ralisation entailed by the admixture of the sexes was frightful. Education was neglected, while vice prevailed in all directions. The younger chil dren were corrupted by the depraved language and behaviour of the elder gangers, and speedily became as bad as them. He knew cases where the children had to seek the ganger as late as 10 o'clock at night in the publichouse, for the purpose of obtain ing their wages. The very worst features of child labour in manufacturing towns were reproduced in the agricultural districts to which he alluded, and he deemed that the case called for Government in terference. He wished that the half-time measure could be introduced, but that, of course, was a matter for consideration. To-night there is to b 3 a grand conversazicne n the Assemby Rooms. THE REGISTRATIONS, MIDDLESEX. Mr Edmond Beaks, revising barrister for the county of Middlesex, held his court yesterday, at the court-house, Edgware, for the revision of the lists of persons claiming to vote in right of their holdin IT in the parishes of Edgware, Finelly, Great Stanmore, Little Stanmore, Harrow, Pinne r, and Kingsbury. Mr William Albert James, agent for the Middlesex Re gistration Association, 22, Parliament-street, represented the Liberal interest; Mr Thomas Alley Jones, 1, Clifford's Inn (with whom was his eldest son, Mr A. Jones), appeared for and represented the committee of the Conservative Socie ty ; and Mr Henry Smith, Norfolk-street, Strand, repre sented the National Conservative Association. On the opening of the court, and before the business of the revision eommenced, The Revising Barrister said—l wish to advert to a report which I have seen in the newspapers that is not quite cor • rect. It states that I decided that in the case of the Rev. Ma Stirling, an Independent minister, his claim to vote was bad on account of his appointment not being for life. That is not the ground upon which I disallowed the claim ; that point was not entered into. It was one that would require very great consideratien. The ground on which I held the vote not to be good was that there was nothing to connect the rev gentleman with the property. Under the deed there was nothing to show that he had any interest whatever in the property in respect to which he claimed to vote. I wish that to be clearly understood. The question as to whether a Dissenting minister claiming in respect to an appointment for life is entitled or not is one which involves very seri-us considerations—one which I should have entered into at much greater length before I decided the vote was bad on account of his appointment not being for life. Mr James—l have not seen the report to-day. The Revising Barrister—lt is a serious question as to Dissenting ministers' appointment not being for life, and I should require it to be argued, and consider it carefully. The ground on which I refused the vote was because under the deed he did not show his appointment was for lile, or that he had any interest in the property he claimed for. The question here dropped, and the Barrister proceeded with the provision of the lists. In the parish of Stanmore F. W. Phipps claimed to have his name inserted in the register in right of a'qualification described as "lease £5B per year." The property not being described at all, the claimant was objected to by both parties. The overseer of th e parish suggested that the omission of description might be supplied. The Liberal and Conservative agents were agreed in opinion that the barrister could not insert a qualification where none was described by the claimant. The Barrister concurred in the views thus expressed, and the name was accordingly expunged. A. similar case occurred in the Edgware polling district, wherein Mr Duncan Davidson claimed to have his name inserted in the register as proprietor, " The H e rmitage." The with which several edeseription sheinerg defective, the clai m was di sa ll owe d, a fate al other claims to the qualification were visited on the ground of insufficient description —a dis appointment which might not have befallen the claimants had they attended the court to describe their qualifications correc' ly, or given instructions to the agents on the one side or the other. The Barrister said that it was with reluctance he was obliged to strike the name out of the lists ; and in reply to an overseer, intimated that where claims were insufficiently filled up, overseers might correct the defect, and perfect the description before publishing the hate. The Barrister will hold his court this day at Hampstead for the revision of the lists of persons desiring to vote in the polling district. * The Revising Barrister says ho did not state that the claim of the Rev. Mr Stribling was bad on the ground that his appointment was not for life. The learned gentle man has a perfect right to correct an error if he considers that he has been misunderstood ; but if be did not say, on looking at the deed of conveyance, and at another deed also handed in, " the appointment is not for life," then why did Mr Smith, the Conservative agent, who opposed the claim, enjoin, " And that being so, the vote would be bad, even if the deeds were connected." Mr Smith's argument in opposing the claim was, that by the trust deed from which he quoted, " the building (chapel) was to be . set apart for the worship of Almighty God, according to certain articles there set out; and should the minister cease to hold those articles of faith, he would be subject to removal by a majority of communicants, as he would, also, if guilty of immoral conduct," thus urging the question whether the appointment was one for life. WESTMINSTER. Yesterday Mr T. H. Tyrrell, the barrister appointed to revise the list of voters for the City and Liberty of West minster, held a court for that purpose in the Lords Justices Court, Westminster Hall. Mr 8.. P. Oldershaw appeared on behalf of the Westmin ster Conservative Registration Association, but there was no appearance entered on the part of the Liberal party, Mr Geo. Huggett, who for so many years past, in fact over since the passing of the Reform Bill, has attended on be half of that body, being on this occasion unable to be pre• sent. The consequence is that no objections have been taken this year on the part of the Liberals, and no claims lodged by them, with the exception of a few by parties themselves. On the other side, the Conservative Association has taken 420 objections to parties at present on the register, while they have made some 30 claims on the part of persons wish ing to be placed on it, but these have chiefly arisen on ac count of oversight on the part of the overseers, change of residence, or wrong description as to residency. In the parish of St. George's, Hanover-square, Mr Wm. Atkinson, who is on the register for premises at 17, West bourne-cdreet, was objected to on the ground that he had no residence at that number. Mr Chappell, the vestry clerk, stated that it was simply a case of misplacement of figures, as Mr Atkinson resided at 71, instead of 17. The Barrister—That may be, but I cannot alter it, because of the objection, 71 being an entirely different qualification from number 17. The objeot of publishing the lists on the church doors is to afford persons an opportunity of objecting to parties they may think improperly placed on them ; and here the objection being taken, I must sustain it unless withdrawn, as there is no such party at No. 17. Mr Chappell contended that the act of Parliament never contemplated such objections being taken, It was true that there was no such party at 17; but it was well known there was such a party at 71, and as it was evident it was simply a transposition of figures, he thought such an objection ought not to be persisted in. The Barrister—lf that be so 1 think it ought not to be persisted in ; but until it is withdrawn I have no power to alter the qualification. Ultimately the objection was withdrawn and the voter's name retained on the register, the qualification being altered to 71 in place of 17. In the parish of St. James's, Mr John William Howell, who is on the register as the occupier of premises at 53, Great Windmill-street, was objected to on the ground that he was dead. Mr John William Howell appeared, and said he was still alive, and had occupied the premises in question and paid rates and taxes for them for the past 14 years. Mr Oldershaw—On inquiring at the house in question ho was told that William Howell died on the 12th of last March. Mr Howell—But that is not me—that was my father, and he has not resided on the preu.ises for 14 years. Ho died in the country. The Barrister—lt is a clear case of mistake. I shall re tain the name on the register. Mr Howell—And I claim costs. I have been obliged to leave my business and come here to answer a frivolous and unfounded objection, and I claim remuneration. The Barrister— Yes, I think you are entitled to it, and I allow you a sovereign. c;. Mr Oldershaw contended that the objection was perfectly justified. They had been distinctly told at the house that the party was dead, and even the day of his death was spe cified, and that he considered sufficient ground for the ob jection. The Revising Barrister thought otherwise, and wrote an order to Mr Howell for payment cf the amount, refusing to hear any more of Mr Oldershaw's objections until the amount was paid to the party or deposited in his hands. The sovereign was accordingly deposited in the barris ter's hands and the revision was proceeded with. In the parish of St. Margaret's, Mr J. Jones, who is on the register as the occupier of premises at 15, Broadway, was objected to on the ground of non-residence at that number. It appeared that some time ago the numbers in the street were altered by order of the Board of Works, so that Mr Jones's premises, which were formerly 15, are now No. 17, and the overseers, having failed to correct the num ber in the rate books or the register, and he having failed to lodge a new claim to have it corrected, the barrister held he had no power to make the alteration in the face of Mr Oldershaw's objection, and the name was expunged. A number of other objections in this and the other parishes were taken on the same grounds, and being per sisted in were sustained, and the parties struck off the re gister. _ _ _ With the exceptions mentioned, and a few which were withdrawn, the greater portion of Mr Oldershaw's objec- tions, to the number of at least, 400, were sustained. MIDDLESEX SESSIONS—Sept. 27, (Before Mr Sergeant Gaseice.) James Carles, 18, and Joseph Robson, 21, were severally indicted, the said James Carlos for stealing 4lbs of wool, value 7s, the property of Joseph Baxondale and others; and Joseph Robson for receiving the same, well knowing it to have been stolen, Mr Metcalfe (instructed by Mr T. Beard) prosecuted ; Mr Best defended Robson (instructed by Mr B. J. Abbott, of 'Worship-street); the prisoner Caries was undefended. Although the amount of wool laid in the indictment as stolen was small, yet it formed part of a series of robberies which had been carried on for a considerable time past, and entailing a loss of several hundreds of pounds in value every year to the different wool merchants of London. There are but four places in London at which Australian wool can be legally received, viz ,Iti essrs Gooch and Cozens, Messrs Browne and Eagle, the London Dock Company and Mr J. Cooper, but notwithstanding, those firms and public body have found other persons dealing in wool to a large extent and underselling them in the market. There was little doubt that the wool so obtained was the produce of dif ferent robberies, Mr Metcalfe opened the case, from which it appeared that this prosecution was instituted by Messrs Gooch and Con zenp, and the prisoners were charged re s p e cti ve ly w ith stealing and receiving 4lbs of wool only, the property of Basendale and Co., who were the members of the old firm of " Pickford and C 0.," and were employed in carting the wool from the docks to the different warehouses, and it was during such transit that the robberies were committed, and that to a very great extent. The process was a very simple one. Large numbers of boys and others go behind the vans, rip open the bales, and having got out a handful of wool de camped with it to their homes, then filch more, keeping it until it accumulated to three or four pounds, when it was taken to Cohen's shop in Royal Mint-street, Robson being his son-in-law, and Robson giving as his address, No. 2, Royal Mint-street, No, 4 in the same street was also oc cupied by Cohen as a wool warehouse, When the wool was received at No. 2 it was passed over the wall to No. 4, where it was mixed with other wool, and thus detection was defied. The facts of the case, as would be prived in evidence, were that a witness named Blanchard was watch ing Caries, and saw him steal some wool from one of Pick ford's vans, and he went home with it. On the same day he saw Cartes leave his house with a bundle of wool and take it to Cohen's shop; A detective officer named Under wood had been also watching him, and saw him go into the shop, and afterwards Rt bson was seen to be in the act of putting the wool into a scale and weighing it. Sergeant Foulger also went into the shop, and the prisoner s were taken into custody and charged with the offence. Sergeant Foulger, on searching the shop, found a piece of wool amongst some rags, and at the house No. 4 he found a large quantity of wool of the snme description, and having heard the evidence it would be for the jury to say whether the prisoners were or were not guilty of the charge. Mr Beat, on the part of Robson, submitted that the in dictment could not be sustained against him, and urged that the case of '• The Queen v Wylie," decided by the Court of Criminal Appeal, was " all fonta" with this case, and he contended that the mere act of putting the wool in the scale was not a dealing, for no dealing had taken place. Even had it been contemplated there might be a locus penitentice at the last moment; Mr Metcalfe said that an unlawful possession was quite sufficient. Tho wool was actually taken out of the wrapper in which it was taken to the shop, and put into the buyer's scale. The wool was in the buyer's scale. and there was abundant evidence that he knew the wool had been impro perly come by for the case to go to a jury. Mr Sergeant Gaselee said the prisoner Caries had the right to take the wool out of the scale again it the price offered for it was not considered 'Sufficient. It did not give Robson possession of it by its being merely put into the scale. Mr Metcalfe said some of the wool found on the ledge in the shop was a portion of that taken in by Caries. Mr Best said that was evidence against him, but it ought not to be limper' ed into the case. Mr Sergeant Gaselee said Mr Metcalfe had given no evi dence of Robson being the owner of the shop, or of its being his scallf that the wool was put into. Mr Metcalfe said that Robson was the only person found there, and he was weighing the wool. Mr Serjrant Gaselee said he had shown no ownership of the shop,:but, on the contrary, had carefully avoided doing so. Mr Metcalfe—But still there is abundant evidence to go to a jury. Mr Sergeant Gaselee—But if you go to the jury you will gain nothing by that, as I tell you candidly, if you do so, I shall recommend the jut) , to acquit Robson. Mr Metcalfe suggested that, as the case of "The Queen v. Wylie" had been decided after a previous appeal, in which case a contrary decision was given, the point should be reserved for the further consideration of the Court of Criminal Appeal. Mr Sergeant Gaselee said he did not see any necessity for sending the case to the Court of Criminal Appeal. Hi s opinion was very strong that there was no case for the jury to consider. He might be wrong, but he would advise the jury not to convict, and juries generally took the law from the judge. He then told the jury that there was not suffi • dent evidence of possession with respect to Robson, but it was quite different as regarded Caries. The jury found Carlea Guilty, and Robson Not Guilty. A juryman wished to remark that, had it not been for the strong ruling of his lordship, they considered there was averystro g n u g il e t a y. se aga i ns t Robson , and the y should have found him Mr Sergeant Gaselee (addressing Robson) said—You hear what the jury think of you, and I advise you to be very cautious for the future. Mr Sergeant Gaselee said although Caries had avoided detection he did not think this was his first offence, and sentenced him to be impriscned and kept to hard labour for nine months. SECOND COURT. (Before Ur Payne.) George Smith, 17, described as a seaman, was indicted for stealing a horse, the property of Samuel Trindall. Samuel Trindall said he was a cowkeeper, residing at Houaerton, and on the 9ch instant he saw the prisoner put a halter on the horse. Witness went up to him, and stopped him, The prisoner said he was going to take it to Mr Scott, of Old Ford. John Farrow, police•contable 393 N, said he took the prisoner into custody, when he said he was ordered to go and fetch the horse. The jury found him Guilf y, and he was sentenced to 12 calendar months' hard labour. _ _ Joseph Morris was place d a t the bar charged with steal ing three co a t s , George Jarvis, a c oac h ma n, of No, G f Brietoi-mows, Pad four pairs of trousers, and other articles, value £B, the pr o p erty of George Jarvis. dington, said he left the prisoner in charge of a stable, and when he returned he found the prisoner had absconded with three coats, four pairs of trousers, and other articles, value £B. Several pawnbrokers' assistants were examined, whe proved that the prisoner pledged several articles which the prosecutor identified as his property. The prisoner here said he was very hard up, or ho would not have done it. He then pleaded guilty. Mr Payne sentenced him to 12 months' hard labour. James Johnson, 57, was indicted for stealing a coat, value £3 108., the property of John Haynes, to which he pleaded not guilty. The prosecutor said he was a coachman, living at Bromp ton. On the 12th instant the coat was safe in a stable, and from what he was told he went after the prisoner and found him with the coat on his shoulder. Patrick O'Connor, 58 B, said he took the prisoner into custody, and he denied the charge. The Jury found him guilty, and Mr Payne sentenced him to two years' hard labour. John Reynolds, 19, a labourer, was indicted for stealing a silver watch, the property of Charles Nichol], from his person. The prosecutor in this case said he was looking at a man selling money—(laughter)—when he felt a tug, and ho looked down and saw his chain in the prisoner's hand. He seized bold of him and gave him into custody. The Jury found him guilty. A previous conviction having been proved against him, Mr Payne sentenced him to two years' hard labour. The Wreck Register and Chart for 1863. The return of the Registrar-General of Seamen recently published shows that during the past year 413,962 vessels, representing a tonnage of nearly 62 millions, entered in wards and cleared outwards from British ports. The esti mated value of the goods carried on board these ships was upwards of 400 millions sterling. The number of wrecks and casualties, including collisions, reported as having occurred on the coasts of the United Kingdom during 1863 is 2,001. This number, which is in excess by 174 of the wrecks re ported in 1862, is above the annual average of the 10 years ending 1863. The numbers for the last five years are as fol low—viz,, 1859, 1,416; 1860, 1,379; 1861, 1,491; 1862, 1,827; and 1863, 2,ool—total, 8,117. The increase in 1863 was owing to the great number of casualties in the gales of October, November, and December of that year, and the marked increase in 1862 is owing mainly to the 542 wrecks and casualties which happened in the gales of January, October, and December. Out of the 2,001 wrecks and casualties in 1863, 882 are reported to have occurred by stress of weather and 214 from various and unknown causes. Again, 61 were lost from defects in the ships or in their gear or equipment, and 176 from inattention and negligence. During the same period 5;096 lives were saved by life-boats, the rocket apparatus, fishing-boats, and other means. The number of collisions reported in 1863 is 331, against 338 in 1862 and 323 in 1861, or 317, being the annual average of the seven years ended 1863. Of these 331 collisions, 216 happened at night and 115 in the day time; 133 were caused by bad look-cut, neglecting to show lights, and ne glect or a misapplication of the road at sea. The remainder were more or less the result of accident, unsound gear, or negligence. During the past six years 399 lives have been lost from collisions in our seas. The total number of wrecks and casualties from all causes reported during the year 1863 is 2,001, against 1,827 reported in 1862. It is above tho number reported during any one of the eight years preced ing, and is 661 above the annual average of the eight years ending 1862. The tonnage of these wrecks is thus given —Vessels under 50 tons, 404; 51 and under 100 tons, 494 ; 101 and under 300 tons, 867 ; 301 and under 600 tons, 158 ; 601 and under 900 tons, 46 ; 901 and under 1,200 tons, 18 ; 1,201 tons and upwards, 14-,total, 2,001, Of the total number of ships to which casualties have happened in 1863, 1,649 were British ships, 272 foreiga ships, and the country and employment of 80 were unknown. The greatest num ber of casualties happened to ships laden with coals, ores, bricks, &c,, or, in other words, to ships of the collier class, as will be seen from the accompanying list, viz. :—Colliers laden, 614; colliers light, 114 ; iron and copper ore, &e., 146 ; stone, &o , 115 ; timber, 101; fishing smacks and other laden vessels, 619 ; vessels in ballast (not colliers) 174 ; passengers and general cargo, 48—total, 2,001. The winds most fatal during 1863 were from the N.W., S.W., W.S.W., and W. During the former year (1862) the most fatal winds were S,S. W., S.W., W.S.W., W.N. W. Again, it appears that 614 casualties happened with the wind at and under force 7, or from a calm to a moderate gale ; and that 1,050 happened with the wind above force 7, or from a fresh gale to a hurricane. The number of persons who perished in 1863 from wrecks was 620, while in 1862 it was 690. It is satisfactory to know that, notwithstanding the larger number of casualties in 1863, there is a great falling off in the number of lives lost, and that it is 161 below the annual average of the last 12 . years. The number of lives saved during the past year was 5,096, and the total number of lives rescued by life boats, the rocket and mortar apparatus, smacks, and other means,:during the pest eight years, is 25,251. There are at present 182 life-boats on the coasts of the United King dom belonging to the Royal National Life-boat Institution and other bodies. The mortar and rocket apparatus stations now number 239, and are under the management of the Coast-guard and the Board of Trade. During the past year 417 lives—besides 17 vessels—were saved by the life boats of the National Institution alone, and upwards of 300 by shore boats and other means for which the institution granted rewards. A sum of £1,297 was expended by it in rewarde—and £13,819 on its various establishments round, our coasts. STATE OF TRADE. MANCHESTER ; Sept. 27.—The attempts at business to day have been a little more successful for shipping yarns, and some few orders have been given out at about the same prices that would have been taken on Friday last. Some people, both buyers and sellers, appear to consider that prices have now touched the lowest point, and that without some fresh cause for disturbance of confidence, we may look for ward to some little improvement. Home trade yarns also show a little more steadiness, and there has been rather more business in the finer counts. The gradually drooping state of the cloth market, and the more general disposition on the pelt of manufacturers to realise at the decline, were noticed in Friday's rept rt. There has not been much change. But few offers have since been made, and such as have been made have been pretty generally taken. The con sequence is that stocks have been cleared to a considerable extent. Yesterday and to-day there seem to have been a greater number of people willing to operate, which is re garded as a better feature in the market, although the prices they offer aro very low—lower than over, and such as to cause a good deal of hesitation on the part of sellers. There have been reports in market of some considerable transac tions in cloth to-day, but they cannot be trace I to any authentic source. So far as we can learn, the business of the day has been on a small scale, and in the aggregate of less amount than on some days towards the close of last week. In shirtings sellers have altered their quotations to figures more nearly approximating to the rate at which sales have been made than for some time past, and 71b shirtings are offering at 15s per piece, while 8111) ditto are at 18s. There is great irregularity, however, and some of the latter, which have been at 225, are reported in some instances to have been sold at 16s. 91b shirtings are quoted at 225, and 91b printers at 2]s : 51b and 61b T cloths are Os 9d and Ils 9d, and Bilb long cloths 16s. While these quotations generally show a great decline, they hardly represent the lowest rate at which business has been done. Messrs. John Stagg and Co. report of this day's cloth-market:--- " The downward tendency of prides has continued since Tuesday last, and the reduced prices offered have been to a fair extent accepted by holders. To-day our market is somewhat steadied by the increased disposition to put chase, but the offers made are still very low, and the actual busi ness has not been of large amount." LEEDS, 27th.—There has been a very fair attendance of both buyers and sellers in the cloth halls tc-dey and a tolerable amount of business has been done in both ordinary and heavy goods. A few samples of spring patterns have also been sold, but not to so great an extent as to be of much significance. All things considered, there is a satisfactory amount of business doing in the woollen trade of the dis trict; but the failure of the Leeds Banking Company hav ing been followed by that of several woollen merchants has imparted a degree of caution to transactions in some quar ters which did not exist a few days ago. Though there may yet be a few small failures, public confidence is un doubtedly strong in the general soundness of the trade of the town and district, and the manufacturers are as a rule well employed. Prices of both wool and goods are steady. NOTTINGHAM, 27th, —The attendance on 'Change to-day was very moderate. The demand for laces, however, was very dull, prices undergoing little or no alteration. In hosiery yarns the trade was also flat, and prices more irre gular. Silks may be quoted at late rates. The demand for brown nets was dull, at list week's prices. ROCHDALE, 26th.—The quietness of our trade has been more extensively felt during the past week. The dulness proceeds from a large falling off in the number of orders which usually come to hand daring the September quarter. Merchants warehouse engagements have only been of a tri vial character, but with scarcely an exception manufacturers are fully employed, because of the unfinished state of orders of long standing. To-day's market was only scantily at tended, and business was limited. The value of flannel was well sustained, but Yorkshire woollens were so little inquired after that quotations were merely nominal. It is not to be denied that the Leeds Bank calamity has for a time paralysed operations in this department. The business done to-day in wool was quite of a hand-to-mouth charac ter. The high price continues 'to deter manufacturers from making pt :chases in anticipation of wants. [ADVERTISaMENT.] - Holloway's Pills.—Nervousness toad Want of Energy.—When first the nerves feel unstrung, and listlessness supplants energy, it is the right time to take some alterative, as Holloway's pills, to prevent dis order running into disease. These excellent pills correct all irregularities and weaknesses. They act so kindly, yet so energetically, on the functions of digestion and assimila tion, that the whole body is revived. tho blood is rendered richer and purer, the muscles become firmer and stronger, and the nervous and absorbent systems are invigorated. These pills are suitable for all classes and all ages. They have a most marvellous effect on persons who are "out o f condition ;" they soon rectify whatever is in fault, restore strength to the body, and confidence to the mind. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—The two States of Maryland and Kens tucky have been kept within the Union by force. Had not the Federal Government occupied them both by strong bodies of troops, the feeling of the population would probably have carried these ter ritories into the Southern Conf e deracy. At first the public opinion was sufficiently divided to retain them from throwing in their l o t w ith the South. But time gradually increased their Southern sym pathies, and they were held within the Union only by the Federal arms.. Kentucky is a central State in which the Northern troops had the special mis sion to " discover Union opinion." It was assumed that a mass of this sentiment existed unable to ex press itself, and requiring liberation. There has been ample time for the Unionists to declare them selves. Every protection and encou ragemen t h ave been given them, yet the cause of the North has not been strengthened. The Federal authorities have lost their influence, and are at last compelled to re sort to a severity without precedent. Kentucky is subject to a treatment harsher than martial law. It is handed over to the caprice of a Federal General, who has devised a peculiar system of tempting men into " loyalty." Kentucky fares worse under its military occupation than Louisiana ander General Butler, who is exceeded in cruelty and fanaticism. The object of the conquest of a revolted State is os tensibly to occupy it and treat with the population for the restoration of the old political relation with the North. But the manner in which Kentucky and Louisiana have been governed has been calcu lated to deepen the hostility of the South, and make any accommodation impossible. Since the 20th of July the western district of Kentucky has been ad ministered by a General Paine, one of those officers who are far more " Federal" than the Government he serves with such furious zeal. The President insists on the restoration of the Union as a question of policy; his deputy insists on it as an object of religion—something to ba accepted and worshipped. He professes to preach " Federal salvation" to un be. lievers, and announces that he will enforce the creed by any degree of violence. If the population are not ready to accept the Union " they must die." It does not require any overt act of disloyalty to bring them under the ban. Neutrality or doubtful opinions are to be punished with exile. All business is to be suspended for those who cannot prove their alle giance. For the vague offence of disloyalty, which may have many degrees, citizens are to be punished by deprivation of every right. They are not simply brought under martial law; they are placed beyond the pale of all law whatever. The disloyal are not to be permitted to pay money or receive it. They may, indeed, lodge money in a bank, but Gan give no draught on the account to a " rebel." Tenants are released from the obligation of paying their rents except to " unswerving, unconditional, and undeviating Union persons or corporations." A spacial permission from headquarters must be ob tained to authorise any bank to pay out or transfer any sum of money. These prohibitions are described without the slightest doubt that they will be effec tual. " Capital," it is said, " the ever-ehanging lever of trade, commerce, and war, is virtually dead within the district." Or rather, the capital and rents of the " disloyal" are transferredto the agents of the Federal Government, who are to decide what deficiency of enthusiasm for the cause is to incur the penalty of forfeiture. It is difficult to believe that such decrees are expected to have any effect. The regulations will be evaded in every possible manner. Of course, all payments of money into the banks will cease. The most unimpeachable certifi cates of character will be produced, and it will be discovered that all who have anything to receive have entertained the most profound admiration for the Union all their lives. There will be an increase of professed support of the Federal Government, which will break down the moment the pressure is lightened. The system adopted in Kentucky is an extension of the practice of exacting an oath of adherence to the Union from everybody suspected of doubtful allegiance. It has never strengthened the power of any Government. In New Orleans taking the oath became a mere mockery, and it will be impossible to draw all the distinctiona of cha racter that entitle men to an exemption from the official orders. The theory of General Paine is that no "disloyal" person has any rights the Government is bound to respect. By his decree a citizen of a State, not held by conquest, but occupied merely or "pro tected," a non-combatant, whose hostility has never gone beyond the passive form of disapproval of the system of government, may have all his property confiscated. No civilised nation has ever inflicted such penalties on an army, even when it had yielded to the fortune of war, and was defenceless, as a con quered people. The armies of France occupied most of the great cities o. Europe, but the Govern. went of Napoleon never forced the citizens to buy and sell, and pay and receive their debts. The aversion to the French occupation was as strong as national feeling could be. But the Emperor did not punish that adverse opinion so long as it pro duced no overt act. The truth is, that opinions held by an entire community, with few exceptions, must be recognised and dealt with in some discri minating manner. The attempt to exterminate it is futile, except by destroying the community itself. General Paine seems to contemplate this measure as possible, but he will be baffled. " I am going to manage this district so that when I have done with it the men and women who remain can come together in the name of the Lord, and say, 'We belong to the United States.' " And what would the Federation have gained in the aeherence of ihis poor remnant of population ? It must admit that Governments were made for men, and that no political system ever yet existed for which the ex termination of a whole people could be justified. There is nothing more sacred in the American Union than in a score of other Governments that have been created and set aside, leaving the commu nity little the worse for its many changes. The Americans are making a fearful mistake in eleva ting the Union into something divine and immus table, to which they are bound to sacrifice all who do not yield it th e most abject sub mission. They have inverted the importance of a population and its Government. One is essential to the existence of the nation ; the other may be modified whenever necessity dee mends it. If the people could perceive how favour able would have been their condition if they had assented to some political compromise four years ago, contrasted with their present state 1 After all the sacrifices of lire and money wasted for an extinct Union, they must regret the spirit that can produce such bigots as General Paine, and lift them into an authority they have too little common sense to use. Such men are obliged to hide their real weakness under violent language or acts of revolting ferocity. FosT.—A Minister who comes into the ,field to pass a review of the policy of his Administration so late in the season as Lord De Grey has but a poor alternative before him. He must either be content to run in the old ruts of his colleagues who have preceded him in the same task, or he must content himself with the discussion of those subordinate questions which they had passed over in silence. Lord De Grey, however, on this occasion has chosen the former course. The agricultural society at Ripon had a right to hear his opinions upon the Danish question, and he therefore prefers to go over the old ground. The gist of his remarks may be ap prehended in a word. It is, that the first principle of our foreign policy is non-intervention; and that the only exceptions to its application must lie where either our national honour has been pledged, or oar national interests command us to intervene. It is very reasonable to suppose that, upon the latter point, different individuals may entertain opposite opinions in particular cases. Lord De Grey places the Danish war, the Italian war, and the American war together, as the three most remarkable in stances, during the reign of the present Adminis tration, of our observance of the - principle of non-in tervention. It is quite clear that the Danish question has been an extreme illustration of this policy ; and it does not serve to bear out the doctrine of M. niers that England would at any time take up arms to save territory on the German Ocean from falling under the dominion of one of the great Continental Powers. If, therefore, we have not taken so bold a part as many perhaps would have desired, we have at any rate not shown ourselves so selfish or so sensi tively jealous as the French historian describes us. The Danish question, however, as we perhaps succeeded in showing on a recent occasion, is not a question by any means past and gone, and the delays inevitably incident to the progress of an almost insoluble difficulty admit of many fresh phases yet presenting themselves before a settlement can be had. It is therefore as a living rather than as a historical question that Lord De Grey now deals with it. His sympathy with the Danish cause finds an echo in every heart; nor is it possible to deny that the momentous conclusion at which we arrived on the break up of the London Conference has a nearly similar parallel in the coarse adopted by the French Government on the Polish question in the previous year. When we declined to follow France in a course of diplomacy amounting to an intervention on be half of the Poles, France refused to take on herself the responsibility of proceeding alone ; and Lord Do Grey argues much in the manner before adopted by Lerd Russell, that we did no more than decline for ourselves alone in Denmark the responsibility which France singly had refused to assume in Poland. This is certainly a fair precedent, so far as concerns the dignity of Great Britain, whatever may be thought of the course that was the Trost expedient for our Government to adopt. Lord De Grey turns with more felicity to the subject of the department of which he is master. The Government, he says, have not lost sight of the necessity of com bining financial reform with the exigencies of our distant empire and our scattered commence. This, in fact, is the difficulty of all com bi na tions. The Treasury cries out for retrenchment, the Adm iralty and the War Office for more money for fresh ships. and fresh guns, dictated by fresh experiments; an d the Prime Minister holds his authority to preserve a juste milieu between these conflicting demands: That we are living in an experimental age of naval and military art is the sourc e of oar greatest difficult/ in united efficiency with economy. Sir J. Paklngtoo came forward, as First Lord of the Admiralty, ua 1858 with a grandiose plan of "reconstructing the navy." It is true that t he Warrior was laid dovi ¢ . under his rule at the Admiralty ; bat, with th at es ceptlon, his " reconstruction" chiefly consisted , laying down a number of fresh wooden ships, chiefli differing in point of construction from those the! already afloat in the fact that they were o..oraevill e . k larger. The Duke of Somerset •succeeded hut: 1 , 1 ;o 11 1859, and it was then v e ry so on discovered that tu' wooden reconstruction of the navy was alm os ti, worthless. Now we are building nothing but IN,. and iron-plated ships; but at the same time our a rt !'.. lerists are exerting their perverse faculties in d evel f ing cannon of a calibre to pierce any thickn ee° ° 1 iron that can possibly float. What is true of nev s e architecture being an experimental science lst r n il , in a lees degree of the expenditure of the arroY• aih d invention is ever warring upon retrenchment, 1-4•0 De Gray, however, does the tax-paying public es more than justice when he says that they ° o be unwilling to pay for whatever is needL e ' t d defend us, and to protect our shipping, scatter as i t is over the whole globe. The public vvl s ; naturally enough, to have all they can for the : o money—to make it go as far as it will ; and, eb° t all, to see that what is necessary is done at the lets, possible cost. The failure of financial refortnef: has been caused by their disposition to opposeille sures of preparation which are needful for public safety. If they could prove, on the o th er at hand, that the same measures could be executeo, 11 a less cost, their arguments would be irresistible; It was impossible for Lord De Grey to turn aw s („, from a discussion of public affairs before an agrl eu 0 tural society and forbear allusion to the pros. at o f peaceful legislation. He says, very troll, th it has been one main result of po li t i ca l e couo o1 p . to simplify the labours of Ministers and Pe rl/El d m ents. After so much ingenuity had been dev ise d in determining what degree of protection she lll be conferred, first on one industrial interest 0 0 then upon another, it wAs at last discovered that t hcs .. discussions started from a false basis, and that it Wa s the true interest both of industry and co mmerce t t be left alone, at once without shackles and wit hetl d protection, to make their own way, and to 0. their own level among rival nations. He is bably old enough to remember the hard battle wi t h his father, the late Lord Ripon, had to fight vit" o the Yorkshire agriculturists when he went ov er ' d the cause of free trade:with Sir It. Peel in 1846,.610 brought the bill for the repeal of the corn laW ol . ll `i the House of Lords. Those who so vehementlyase al : ct o Lord Ripon among the north country P r otection l ° v have before this learnt that the free-trading P°l,,ic:o has largely augmented their own wealth, while i t l';„ increased the total rental of the country by 031 thing like 20 per cent. The Yorkshire agricul tere d interest may fairly, therefore, put itself under Le r a de Grey's lead as that of one of the more advan ee t Liberals in the Government, and may rely ti lt , l , o ' whatever measures will be found bene fi cial to t 't country in general, will promote also the cau se ° he farming, and tend to raise at once the rents of t' landowner, the profits of the farmer, and the Nveg eo of the agricultural labourer. COUNTRY MARKETS. LEEDS—TUESDAY. Olt There was a moderate show of g r a in to-day bo ils market. The demand for wheat i s st ill li m ited, 5 12 '-' ( ir old and new descriptions must be quoted is to 25 P e e r. lower since last Tuesday. Barley also is is p e r qr for Oats and beans at late prices. Averages—Sept. 26—Wheat 42s 2id per q r. —Oats 238 2d —Beans . 42s —Peas .38s 31 , 1 —Barley 33s lld —R ye -8 Od LIVERPOOL—TUESDAY. a. There was a better attendance of both town and canal dealers at market to-day,and the business done was of a 133° r 0 active character, and English wheat sold at fully Frida94 prices, or a decline of Id to 2d per cental on the prices last Tuesday. Flour neglected, and may be quoted at u s i per barrel and sack lower on the wer•K Oats and satnt a t without much change. Beans and ley as before, Pre peas at is to 2s per qr below late rates. Indian corn 120 active. SHEFFIELD—TUESDAY. • Or A numerous attendance of farmers and factors agalli 6 day, but the trade on the whole ruled dull, an d there Wt, an absence of speculation. White wheat mainta ned P m vious rates, but red wheat declined is per load. T he tin in barley was quiet, and at late rates. Flour, oatOt 1111 beans supported last week's prices. Oci Red wheat, per load of 3 imperial bushels...lss Od to 16s a If White / ...17s Od to 1,' IQ 0 5 o d New red ...15s Od to 16s,a New white „ It ...16s 6 d to 17s v„a Beans 7) I) ...15s 6d to 16 3 '', l Peas, per qr 40s Od to 449 1 4 Grinding barley, per qr. Malting ditto, „ .. 32 s Od to 365 vod Oats / ) 22s Od to 265 Flour, is 5d to is 10d per 14 lb. BRISTOL—TUESDAY. iti A fair attendance to day, but a amall business doingio wheat, sand prices slightly lower on the week. lud corn rather dull. Barley easier. Beans and peas &lII' MELTON MOWBRAY—TUESDAY. w--heat' The followingiwere the currencies :—New white , 0 ; 40s„Od to 44s Od ; new red, 37s Od to 41s "per 36 o ,t ,° ?- beans, 38s to 42s for old ; new sorts, 35s to 37s per 3° S r, or barley, —s to —s for malting, and 27s to 29s per g• os grinding; new oats, 20s to 25s Od per 24 stone; olef to 295. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. n 13' ' Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton..... ton '''' . v!a Marseilles Get .l Brazil and Cape Verds, by British packet. t2B. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena Sep" China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southarupton 00t. via Marseilles Sept' Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton SeP t • Q. `" India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Oct. I t. via Marseilles Sep t ' 25. India (Bombay), via Southampton Sept.„ via Marseilles Oct. y ' Portugal.... Oct. 3 2 ' 5, Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Sep t ' 27. via Marseilles Newfoundland . . Sep t ' Oporto and Vigo; .. t • o' U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet • . — g eP ' by U.S. packet.... ~. 30. by Canadian packet.S e p b All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, i S e pt. °' California. and British Columbia.. 1 JAVANESE PRINCES.—Amongst the passer:4l: on board were two Javanese youths, which r . costume and numerous retinue betokened persons ni7 in ; and whom we afterwards discovered to be princes. •Lw--t he came to see them off, and while the crew were raising . 0. anchor, the last farewells were said—the ceremony, sirbi nr . occupied a longer time than our good-byes, being to a iy Min extent both novel and curious. :Each one advanced its turn, and taking the right hand of one of the princes " ting both his own, the two stood a short time repel d o some words in whispers, after which they drew their ilE tri do away simultaneously and kissed them. Then s hakingh i ' v , in the European fashion they came closer to eac h othe i i; and once more saying a few words and kissing their they separated, Only a few of the more distinguished c le w , tors, however, took part in the ceremony; the others, s'iqo came within a yard of the princess, con fi ning themsel/ ee n. a low and lengthy obeisance.—. Life in Java, by Ir. Births. CORBETT.—On the 25th inst. at at the British Leg ati°l3l Darmstadt, the Hon. Mrs. Corbett, of a daughter. 0, KERB.--On the 26th inst., at Hampton Court, LadY 1. derick Kerr, of a son. PAULL.—On the 25th inst., at 33, Devonshire - po et the wife of Henry Paull, Esq., M.P., of a daughtc r ' po t i VILLIEns.--On the 25th inst., at Adisham RectorY , •"*" the Lady Victoria Villiers, of a daughter. Marriages. „ fir ellt GILMAN—BEST.—On the 26th inst., at St Mary's ti' ;,, 0 11 Lambeth, John Gilman, Esq., to Cl .ra Georgianalcoo. surviving daughter of the late John Best, Esq., ° I terbury. OP E. WALKERSON—WALzusow.—On the 22d inst., 11 ,- I. ? D V. t hill, Essex, Hy. Walkerson, Lg., of Eversden!. O h - bcl tfi . to Kezia, second daughter of Clear Walterson, bury, Herts, Deaths. i l l t i rleY EARLE.—On the 26th inst., at Liverpool, William Esq., aged 78. HERRING.—On the 27th inst ,at Tha Heath, W e Y brid Eget Surrey, Thomas Herring, Esq,, aged 80. o ne, HONE.—On the 26th i ns t ,at Stoke Newington, Mrs . p, '' y widow of Willi a m Hone, tuthor' of the . 6 Ever Book," &e., ag e d 83, ir f i e STLVESTER.— On the 25th inst., at The Beeches, 1 Bromwich, Thom a s Sil ves t er , Esq., aged 80. .. otre (4 TROUGHTON.—On the 27th inst , at Great Tow G ' ' Elias John Troughton, Esq , aged 81. l ir 0 , SUTTON.—On the 24th inst. ,at Hove, Brighto n, " ' Sutton, Esq., aged 78. F , lA' WARD.—On the 23d inst., at Chandos•street. cavd square, Henry Seytner Ward, Esq., aged 34. la' WIsE —On the 25th inst. , at Shrublands Hall , Leal ton, Matthew Wise, Esq., aged 62. __.—.... S. London: PrinZed and Prbfished by WILLIAM AND",, A 113. of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at 'DIE SUN Office bn o f Strand, in the Precinct of the 3avoy • the ectlll,7 liftlegeX,—Wednesday, September 26, 1864. THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 2.8, 1E434.