The Sun. — London, England, 1838-08-05 00:00:00

k " THE SUN," GOLD ALL OVER. ,-• • ; -*.7.:"Z _ - /7' 7' • s f t•-. ' 4 l c,f2t'rj )tilrY WITH WHICH THE " TRUE SUN" IS NO W INCORPORATED. LONDON : SUNDAY, AUGUST 5, 1838. "Jur publication to-day, containing two medallion portraits of Marshal SOULT and the Duke of WEL- I ' x "ToN . , wh o l ate l y met h armon i ous ly an d f r i en dlil y in this Metropolis, is a type of the peace and union -Abi eb now ex i st b etween F rance an d G reat B r i ta i n. T O co mmemorate this remarkable circumstance, as well as to do honour to our late illustrious guest and Our "n. great countryman, is one of the objects we propose to oursel ves by p u bli s hi ng thi s E xtraor di nary a P e r. A leading article, drawn up in any party 'P i rit, or bearing on any topic of the day, except thi s P e n it Ceful union, would be entirely out of place, and therefor -e, purpose to confine our remarks to that and I ° some subjects connected therewith. nic e th e ileformation, at least, when England and the a"ee taking different sides in religion, a dd e d to Q:many causes which before existed f or r i va l ry , It Y, and str if e, t h e two - greatest and most en igntened peopl e of Europe have lived in almost °` t Petual h ostility. Through a great many years that time they have been actually and actively "gaged in burning each others towns, devas talt,ing each others possessions, capturing each others Of their a 14 Yin each others subjects, and to the ext en t powe ' r, injuring and destroying each other. In that period they have also occasionally borrowed arts 4ndinventions from each other, which it has been the Rugof sUcces s i ve a ener ations to preserve and improv e . , i w hile the looms of one country and the steam- e, i gl i ne3 of the other have been adopted, and the use them extended, it has been the care of both to heal Speedily as possible all traces of the injuries they e mutually inflicted in their contests. Thus, through all t hat time both nations have borne a striking and '''°lnional testimony to the advantaaes of peace ; and through all that time they have severely and practically condemned the ravaa " es - c f war . Y e t th ese a d vantages a nti this cond emnation have been insufficient to con wince the p eop l e and their rulers, of the loveliness of brotherhood, and the sin of national hatred. At no time, .„ and fr " l no on e war, has any gain resulted to either fiB\a.° rty, exe _ e tit b e ga i n to wear each other out, by a col -I,,!hn w hich p , as it goes on, em i ts a few b r illi ant sparks. m at advantarfe can come i nto t h e wo rld from robbery, urd er) and incendiarism, when committed by nations, 1, 7 more than when committed by banditti and 111(11- N lt is grievous to look hack and see the great -11 talents and the mightiest energies employed for so ' at a l oy Years, only in works of devastation ; and lament exie. to think, that some of the most heroic virtues tl e ? bite4 by individuals, have sprung from an odious th str e the inflict injury on others. Nor can it, be said, tha t t ; le People have been wiser than their rulers, or the ministers of religion have, in either country, th? th le4 ed peace. Half these senseless war s h ave had by r rn igin in re li g i on, and been fanned into activity o , Net., 'e Whose duty it was to repress them, while both , and' subjects have hallooed .each other on " the work of mis c hi e f. We do . hope, how ,oer! that this long day of delusion is now Se en to an end. France and England have P il e' : folly of their ways ; all the other States of I,,; ai4 e le) except Spain, are at peace ; no conspicuous t r ' ier sits on any throne ; three of the thrones of 4ild i.° Pe are under the sway of females—the graceful r riak be l'ign infl uence o f w h ose c h aracter w ill , we hope, h er e it self h e :ft felt o n th e age , an d prevent t h e renewa l ii er of those bloody and useless wars which are \ eh more suitable to savages than civilized men. th e C an with a good conscience tender our homage to th at t " great living Generals of the age, who trod le Path whi c h t h e world at large has described as th e y"` to the hi g h est good ; but it is our hope that th et will be amongst the last of their profession, and 4 ,, ( cn tr post er i ty w il l have sense enough to reward rp res Peet o n l y t h e i r b ene f actors. Sen t her e is somethin g very encourag i ng i n t h e pre str.tlt I . 4 Peet of human aff a i rs . Th e one s in g l e tog t' e bphysical—alteration on the s ur f ace o f t h e ~ivre co nnected with the progress of k now l e d ge an d ;s lza tion t 3 th e mu ltipli ca ti on o f t h e h uman race. 1 1 1171.1;Y Part o f E urope, i n the Un i ted States, and in r ap i d r . a ha, that is now going forward with unexampled irr ipr Y' They are a l most everyw h ere c l ose l y connected, tl ays eve d bY a n d i mprov i ng each other. In twenty all the tr avelle r can go with ease, enjoying himself nearly pe time in the spacious cabi n o f a steam - s hi p, f rom tha t etersburgh to New York. In a little more than Yt " da ys be can go fr om L on d on to B ombay, and of co Particul ar i nvent i ons by which this facility l."ninication is accomplished, railroads and steam bii,dgilan, are in their infancy. They, therefore, are e ver ,," together, in friendliness and peace; .and will e arth extend their power, all the nations of the 1)00 t or, remark, that neither of these inventions peacerig to the warrior portion of mankind, but to the 1 4040 ,`" and industrious portion ; and both are i 4crea nt into use to facilitat e traffic, and everywhere E the f oo d, comforts, conveniencies,. luxuries, tl ' iei ‘ i v ,, c e , allll of man. Th ey are established by and for i t the ustrie us c l asses ; and to increase their welfare %tr oct ,great Principle whi c h h as presided over the con he 'an of railroads and steam-ships. They can only ]'reser ve d , th ey ar :' vea by contrib u ti ng to the same ends, and o f such manifest utility, th a t t h ey will neces fitien-eue extend e d, an d w i ll subdue all o ofp,pities' T pposi n3 i n . reat ihe warrionrg are b nterests of whi c h t h ey are the not only at enmity with strife, but the "e t the at th e very best, draws his sword only to pro etre ; and t h e very principle of his existence, hetitecl (") t heir increasi ng power, assures u s t h at they not here i r afte r be trampled on by t h e i ron h oofs of , rier..4 s , l e 'v pea n t - soldiery. W e li ve, t h en, i n an age of ce—when contrivances which tend to abro- A FEW COPIES OF TUE CORONATION SUN MAY NOW BE HAD PRINTED -ALL OVER WITH GOLD, AND BEAUTIFULLY POLISHED. "ICE TWO SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE. 8 " 21 (eke, 112, Strand, London. _ Just published, in two vols. post Bvo., with a New and correct Map of th e Chinese Empire, , price 11. 4s. cloth boards. UHIN A OPENED; Or, A Display o f th e T opogra ph y , Hi s t or y, Customs, Man- IrerB Or, Alanui'actures, Commerce, Literature, Religion, Juris *l"ce, Sce. of the Chinese Empire. By the Rev. CHARLES GITTZLAFF. Revised by the Rev. ANDREW REED, D.D. Smith, Elder and Co., Comilla. 114 ' (lay is published, in ore vol., foolscap Bvo, price 2s. Gd. neatly bound in cloth, JOURNAL OF AN EXPEDITI ONFROM With SINCAPORE TO JAPAN, a Visit to ion Choo; descriptive of these Islands and their I !thabitant s , i n an attempt with the aid of Natives educated in t•ngland, to create an opening for Missionary Labours in Japan. By P. PARKER, M.D., Medical Missionary from the American Missionary Board. Revised by the Rev. ANDREW REED, D.D. Smith, Elder, and Co., Cornhill. gate distance, and link together in bonds of friend ship and mutual interest all the people of the earth, are rapidly extending their beneficial influence: We may trace the advantages of the same principle in every branch of knowledge and of art. From under the sharp and rigid inventions of mechanics, destruc tive, as some assert, of poetry and feeling, grow up .imitative beauty in every form. Our whole publication, including the Medallions, is the offspring Of machinery, the delicate touches 'Of Which also giqte beauty to the copperplate engraving and the woodcut, and send their productions into every hamlet. Our shops, our houses, our libraries abound with imitative beauty, which, like the sublime and steady march of the Great Western across the Atlantic, is the result of machinery. It is a great mistake to. suppose that human skill does not contribute as much to adorn the face of the earth, as to provide for the animal wants of man. Had we time we might fill our whole double sheet with illus trations of this important fact. We must, however, content ourselves with remarking that the moral beauty of general peace, which we chiefly commemorate to day, is accompanied in almost every part of the world by a corresponding increase of physical beauty, and that as the former enables ingenuity to multiply the latter, so the latter exerts its charms on the mind, and tends to ensure the dominion of the former. It is also pleasant as well as true that. the dif ferent classes in each nation, as well as the different nations, are learning to respect and love each other. We, in common with many other writers, have fre quently, and indeed almost continually, to complai❑ of violations of "the rights of the poor ; but we must add, that the motive for these infractions is less hatred or dislike, than a benevolent wish to promote what is supposed to be improvement. The legislator, th, -, ugh we think him grievously mistaken in meddling with the poor man's Sabbath, and the poor man's beer, has no other wish than to make him better, • wiser, and happier. The very efforts which we and others take most pains to check, are the strongest proofs which can be adduced of the benevolence which is now active in the world. It is less the will than the knowledge of the best means to serve each other, which is deficient. Man, who is rather ignorant than wicked, naturally assumes himself to be the type of excellence, and says he is made after the image of GOD. So ind'itiduals, taking not in the whole scheme of society, naturally assume, particularly When they have a high opinion of their own virtue, that they constitute a standard to which all other individuals ought to conform, and they do a great deal of mischief from their narrow ignorance and an active desire to do good. It does not occur to them, that of men, as of plants, each has his peculiar qualities, his appro priate position, and his adapted state of being, all of which constitute the graCe and beauty of each. It is not more unreasonable for the bramble to com plain that the primrose is not as the bramble is, than for the prim and idle Pharisees of the land to murmur because all other individuals are not cast in their mould. We repeat, then, that it is knowledge—know ledge of man himself—knowledge of the laws which guide and impel him, which is more required than be nevolence. That is now, we think, as striking and as active among individuals as mechanical skill and as the moral improvement of which the peace we commemo rate is the sign, and opens to all reflecting men a bright vista to futurity, which the removal every day of some ignorance tends to enlarge and realise. LORD BROUGHAM'S CHARACTER OF HIS CONTEMPORARIES. [We quote the following extracts from a collection just published, in four volumes, of Lord Brougham's speeches, which have undergone, we understand, a careful revision by the noble author ; and thus revised, may be looked upon as the most valuable legacy bequeathed by the first states man of his age, to posterity. The sketches of contempo rary characters which we have given below, are not among the least attractive portions of these volumes. They are drawn with consummate skill, and a rigout:that never flags ; are lofty and generous in their tone ; though here and there—as in the portraits of Creevey and Horner—it may be doubtful whether the warmth of friendship have not somewhat clouded Lord Brougham's clear, manly, and searching intellect. But what a master-piece is the cha racter of Jeremy Bentham! What discriminating touches —what. a nice conception of the minute points of character (points that would have escaped all but the ablest and most observant of men)—what life—what comprehen siveness of intellect—are visible in every sentence of this chef d'oeuvre ! See here the idiosyncracy of Bentham defined, and brought out in vivid relief, in one brief, pregnant passage !—" He pushed every ar gument to the utmost ; he strained every principle till it cracked ; he loaded all the foundations on which his system was built, as if, like arches, they were strengthened by the pressure, until he made them bend and give way be neath the superincumbent weight." If Dr. Bowring, or any thick-and-thin Benthaipite, were to scribble on till dooms-day, they would never furnish us with half as dis criminating a character of the old Utilitarian's mind, as is comprised in the above sentence, every word of which tells—every clause of which contains a thought. In the sketch of Lord Castlereagh we were prepared to meet with something like prejudice. We have been agreeably dis appointed. inted Lord Brougham does every justice to the merits—should we not rather say the demerits ?—of this celebrated person ; and if he errs at all, it is on the side of charity and toleration. The " Emperor Alexander" is another well drawn portrait, though we cannot but thi n k that Lord Brougham underrates his Majesty's sagacity and foresight. When Alexander heard of the marriage of Na poleon with a daughter of Austria, from which all the other continental statesmen augured peace to Europe, he said, " Then the next step will be to drive me back to my forests!" Surely no one, of a mere monarchical order of mind, could have made a shrewd prediction like this We trust Lord Brougham will continue his sketches of contemporary characters. It is a duty he owes to himself, to existing society, and to that posterity who will bless and reverence his name, long after he himself has been gathered to the great and the good of past ages.] MR. CREEVY. " Mr. Creevy was a man of strong natural sense, without much cut tivation, though extremely well informed upon all political subjects. His judgment being so much more remarkable than his imagination, he was apt to hold every thing in contempt which betokened either fancy or refinement. Preferring the shortest and the plainest road to his point, either looking down upon the ornamental parts of eloquence with con tempt, or seeing them from a distance which he never aspired to pass, his style of speaking was that of a plain, reasoning, sensible person, who never left statements of fact and reason, except to deal in somewhat fluent if not course invective. Even his invective consisted more in stating plain facts of an unpleasant nature, than i❑ mere vituperative declamation. His taste, with all this contempt for refinement and de. licacy, was perfectly correct ; perhaps too severe .and unbending ; cer tainly defective in classing the flights of oratory, hOlevever sustained, with the less chaste productions of the rhetorician. - 'Frequently in public, always in private society, his distinguishing excellence was a broad, ini mitable, most successful humour ; for he had a quick sense of the ridi culous in character, and a lively relish of the ludicrous, nor was he slow to indulge in the gratification of it. Mob oratory was never in much estimation with him ; yet he was sure to succeed in it, when he tried, as at the Liverpool election—where his description of the meaning of the Previous Question was much noted, and conveys an idea of his manner. " You often bear when any of our irregular par tisans having framed a motion against some public defaulter, that it is said to have been got rid of by the previous question. Now you may, just as well know what this means. It is, that the whole House says " All these things are very true, and we have no answer to make, and therefore the less that's said / about the matter the better." Ile had some defects of temper which made him an undervalues of all who dif. fered from bins in opinion, and a somewhat fierce enemy. He took mere pleasure in censure than in praise, and was not very patient of the candour towards adversaries.in others, 'which he so much wanted him. self. Put if he was a prejudiced antagonist and a strong hater, he was also a warm supporter and a steady friend, nor grudged any trouble, nor shrunk from any hazard in defence of those to whom lie was at tached. lie is said to have left a minute Journal of political as well as personal occurrences, which he kept for above thirty years of his life ; and although it will require to be read with large allowances for the force of his personal prejudices, it is likely to contain more interesting materials for secret, and indeed for general history, than any collection of the kind which has ever appeared in this country." THE EMPEROR ALEXANDER. The Emperor Alexander was, after the fall of Napoleon, by far the most distinguished Prince in Europe, whether we regard the magnitude of the anirs in which he had been engaged, the extraordinary fortune that had attended his arts rather his arms, or the vast empire over which he despotically ruled. But although by no means an ordinary man, and still less an ordinary monarch, he owed his influmce and his name very much more to the accidental circumstances of Lis position, arid to the errors committed by Napoleon, first in Spain, then in the North, than either to any very admirable personal qualities received from nature, or to any considerable accomplishments derived from education. His preceptor, Colonel La Harpe, though a very worthy and intelligent man, was distinguished neither by profound genius, nor great scientific acquirements; and from his instructions the Imperial pupil could not be said to have profited greatly. His knowledge was exceedingly superficial ; and never relying on his own resources, he adopted the Royal plan of previously ascertaining what were the pursuits of those he would :converie with, And picking up at guests, who, oi ui -1 with w it h it i e c :y h di t c o te T d ega fr i o e m is anything expecting a n l little t a l e fe fr w o e n ° a m n in l. ° : n m - p P a r c o e r s , like discussion by the etiquette of a Coort, were sire to leave the presence dVeply iniPresSed with his information and his powers. If he was su perficial in general knowledge, he could not be said to have any great capacity either for civil or military affairs. Placed In circumstances of unprecedented peril, no passage of his life can be referred to in proof of any resources being displayed by him, which the most ordinary of Princes would not have shown himself possessed of. Stimulated by the exigencies of so many great emergencies, lie never rose with the oc. casion, and unlike any, one with pretensions to emlnente, wtts gonC r dil y fonnd Most, wanting When tl;e crisis witS the ruck trying. At his Sc' bes/ilon, he found the armed neutrality of the North discomfited by the battle of Copenhagen ; and he at once yielded all the points for which his father, a far superior thought an eccentric man, had contended, tin. awed by any difficulties, and unsubdued by any reverses. Joining the third coalition against France, but possessing no General who like Su_ warrow could lead his armies to victory, he sustained one of the most memorable overthrows recorded in history, and was compelled to pur. chase peace, and escape invasion, by abandoning the alliance into which he had voluntarily entered. Stricken to the heart V.-ith the fear of France, and hardly knowing artiethei ttt seek for safety in resistance or in sub_ Mission to her dictation, he again had recourse to war, for which he had no kind of genius. Again defeated in one of the greatest and most decisive battles of modern times; lie formed the closest alliance with his victorious enemy; Who scion found it easy to mould which way soever he pleased a person quite as vain and as shallow as he was nirriblk and plausible. At length came the great crisis both of Alexander's fate and of the world's. Napoleon, obstinately bent on subduing the Penh]. sula, while he continued to make war in the North, was worsted IT. peatedly by the English arms; pushed his forces in unexampled num bers through Germany, to attack the Russian empire; and penetrated to its ancient capital, after many bloody engagements, and on immense loss sustained on either side. Thai savage determination of Rostopsehin prevented, by burning the city, a renewal on the Moskwa of the scenes five years before enacted on the Niemen. Alekander was prevented Proin Making epee and t6ldiiring itibritiSsion; by the enterprising Spirit of that barbarous Chief; and thitt prompt decision and reso lute determination of Sir Robert Wilson. The inclemency of an unusually early and severe northern winter did all the rest, and Europe was saved by the physical powers brought happily to bear upon and to destroy the greatest army ever sent, into the field. No trait of military genius —no passage of civil capa city —no instance of shining pubic virtue—can be cited as displayed by him during a struggle so singularly calculated to Oa* fotth itien;A powers ; to fire thttm With generous ardOur, to nerve their arms with new vigour, to kindle the sparks of latent genius ttntil it blaied out to enlighten and to save a world. When the struggle was Over and fits empire restored .to peace, he shoWed no inatnAnimons gratitude to the brave people who had gene. rdtisly Made stieh unparalleled sacrifices, and had cheerfully suffered such cruel miseries for the defence of his Crown. He joined his Royal associates in breaking all the promises that had been made during the perils of the tear; and in imitating the very worst part of his conduct wh:nn, with the words of justice, peace, and tight on their lips, they had, with the aid of their gallant subjects, overthrown. His shallow vanity was displayed during the visit of the Princes to England. When, among other party leaders, Lord Grenville was presented to him ; he thought it was hitting on an excellent improvement ifi the Coodutt of party conCerns, to rcommend that, instead of tirgiiiig objecilons in Parliatrient to the Ministerial measures, the Opposition should seek private audiences of their adversaries from time to time, and confiden. tially offer their objections, or propose their amendments. Nor was this vain and superficial Prince made at all sensible of the folly he bad committed, by the somewhat peremptory negative which a few charac teristic words and gestures of the veteran party-man suddenly put upon his shallow and ignorant scheme. Although the Emperor repeattdly testified a somewhat marked disrespect for our Regent, he yet suffered himself to be overpowered by the Carlton Hotise emissaries, and avoided the ordinary civility of visiting the Princess of Wales, then, as alwayt, the object of her Royal husband's unceasing persecution. The English people drew from thetice a cericitision highly tinfaVottrable to the inde petidettee of his Character, as Well as to the kindliness of his nature! and he nude quite as littie impression upon them a his more unpretending, though certainly not much less distinguished brother of Prussia. His reputation for honesty stood extremtly low, even among persons of his pre-eminent station. Napoleon, who knew his imperial brother thoroughly, applied to him the uncourtl3, and indeed rather unce remonious description of "faux, fin, et fourlie, .comme on Grec do lids empire." It would be highly unjust tb taft hini with any par. ticipation in his f'ather's murder; nor would the Certainty, if it existed, of his privity to it, be any stain upon his character, unless we were also assured, contrary to all probability, that he liati any power whatever to pret•ent it. But he was certainly boUnd in conimoit decency to distonnlenance, if he dared not punish, the men whose dag gers had opened for him the way to a throne; and more unthinking folly, greater indecorum, worse judgment in every way, can hardly be imagined, than his referring to the blood shed in palaces; When h'e with his confederates., the Manifesto againit THE SUN, LONDON, SUNDAY, AUGUST 5, 188. . . might he said to be the first legal philosopher that,htid .appeared in the world. None ever before Mr. Bentham took in the whole departMent of legislation. None before him can be said td liave treated it as a science, mnd by so treating, made it one. This is his pre-eminent dis tinction ; to this praise he is most justly entitled; and it is as proud a title to fame as any philosopher ever possessed. To the performance of the magnificent task which he had set before him, this great man brought a capacity, of which it is saying every thing to affirm, that it seas not inadequate to so mighty a labour. Acute, sagacious, reflecting, suspicious to a fault of all outward appearances, nor ever to be satisfied without the !Post close; Sifting; Unsparing Scrhtiny, lid had an industry Which no &eeis of toil could weary, and applied himielf irith as unre mitting perseverance to master every minute portion of each subject, as if he had not possessed a quickness of apprehension which could at a glance become acquainted with all its general features. In him were blended, to a degree perhaps unequalled in any other philosopher, the love and appreciation of general principles, with the avidity for minute details : the Power of embracing and following out general views, with the capacity for pursuing each one of numberless pat ticular facts. His learning was Various, ektensite, and accurate. History, and of all nations and all ages; was families to hini, eetierally iti the languages in which it was re. • corded. With the poets and the orators of all times he was equally well acquainted, though he undervalue the productions of both. The writings of philosophers of every country, and of every age, were tho roughly known to him, and had deeply occupied his attention. It was only the walks Gf the exacter s.ciences that he had not frequented; and he regarded them, very erroneously, as unworthy of being explored, or valued them only for the inventions useful to common life, which flowed from them, altogether neglecting the pleasures of scientific contemplation which form their main object and chief aaractinh. In the laws of his own country he was perfectly well versed, having been educated as a lawyer, and called to the English bar, at which his success Would have been certain, had he not preferred the life of a sage. But of all his qualities, the one that chiefly distinguished Mr. Bentham, and was the most fruitful in its results, Was the boldness with which he pur sued his inquiriet. , And if this was dt once the distinguishing quality of his mind, and the great cause of his success; so its it Alto the source of nearly all his errors, and the principal obstacle to the progress of his philosophy. For it often, especially in the latter part of his life, prevented him from seeing real difficulties and solid objections to his proposals : it made him too regardless of the quarter from which oppo sitionmight proceed ; it gave an appearance of impracticability to many of his plans; and, what was far more fatal, it rendered many of his theories wholly inapplicable to any existing, and almost to any possible state of httmah altaitsi by Making him too generally forget that all laws must both be executed by, and operate upon ; men—men Whose passions and fbelingS are made to the lawgiver's hand, and cannot all at once be moulded to his will. The same Undaunted boldness of speculation led to Anbilier and a kindred errot. Ho pushed every argement to the utterniost; he strained eadh prinCiple till it cracked : he loaded all the foundations on which his system was built, as if, like arches, they were strengthened by the pressure, until be made them bend and give way beneath the superincumbent weight. " The greater qualities of Mr. Bentham's understanding have been described ; but he also excelled in the light works of fancy. An habi tual despiser of eloquence, he was one Of the most eloquent of men .when it pleased him to write naturally, and befsre he had adopted that harsh style, full of involved periods and new made words, whieh, how accurately Sperm* it toniseyed his ideas, was almost as hard to learn as a foreign language. Thus his earlier writings are models of force as well as of precision; but some of them are also highly rhetorical; nor are the justly celebrated Defence of Usury' and ' Protest against Law Taxes,' more finished models of moral demonstration, than the Address to the French National Assembly on Colonial Emancipation is of an eloquence at once declamatory and argumentative. The peculiar manner of scrutinizing every subject, into which Ile latterly fell, which, indeed, lie adopted during the greater portion of his life, and which has been happily enough termed the exhaustive mode;' was little adapted to combine with • eloquence, or With any kind of disCuseion calculated to produce a great popular effect ; roi it c6itolsted In abaiefiil er.ariThiaticin of every ciiciimstLhe which could by any possibility affect either side of a given question, and it tidily iece gave the same expansion to alt considerations, however varying in Point of i mportance; whereas, to convince or to strike an audiencenecessary a r o y r a t h c a t n irso t z e reader,selecti no on thing ng t h e e a n morebe more important essen - lly objects, and making them stand boldly out in relief above the rest. Another consequence of his addiction to this method was, that it ins. are paired to his b 6 p o o m weer less of powerful abstract r attention e aone rs andpr etty paired his st rength b oth of memory, and of reasoning. He investigated with a pen in hi s hand, trusted to his eye as much as to his recollection, h e i investigators n' e e e than s ana gdomtriislanS. It thhs happened that although he disliked con,ersa. tion in Which m ore t han one J oined, confining himself to a lete.a.tete, or what hetermed single-handed co nversat i on, ' he exceeding ' y disre lished, at le ast f or the last thirty years of his life, anything like argu ment, pref err i ng anecdote, or remark, or pleasantry, in which last henn Was, though soetimei happy, y e t o f ten unsuccessful. But, as not un 17i and s enfeebled, frequently happens, ha felt far more jealmis of any disrespect shown to the jokes with which his istter writings Were filled, than of any dissent from his reasonings, although the former were for the most part ovule housed, far-fetched, and lumbering. It was a result of similar preju dice, that made him undervalue not only eloquence but poetry; and he wa s wont to express his thankfulness that we should never see any more e pic poems. That he might greatly prefer other exertions of original genius to those which have produced the wonders of song, is easily un derstood. But that he should deny the existence of the pleasure derived from works of imagination, orquestion the reality of the desire, or refuse it gratification, seems wholly incomprensible, and only the more so, be cause his whole theory of motives proceeds upset the assumption, that man's constitution leads him to take delight in certain enjoyments; and no one surely can doubt the fact of the fine arts giving pleasure—plea sure, too ; of a refined, hot of a gross description. Nor could the devo tion of some men's talents to poetry be rationally grudged, whin it was considered how few those are whom such pursuits can ever withdraw from severer studies, and how often they are persons in whom such studieS would find ungenial dispositions. The moral character of this eminent person was, in the most important particulars, perfect and unblemished. His honesty was unimpeachable, and his word might, upon any subject, be taken as absolutely conclusive, what ever motives he might have for distorting or exaggerating the truth. But he was, especially of late years, of a somewhat jealous dispo. sition—betrayed it if to another was ascribed any part what ever of the improvements in jurisprudence, which all originated in his own tabours, but to effect which different kinds of men were re quired—and even showed some disinclination to see any one interfere, although as a coadjutor, and for the forthertmecof his own designs. It is said that he suffered a severe mortifiation in not being brought early in life into Parliament; although he must have felt that a worse ser vice never could have been rendered to the cause he had most at heart, than to remove him from his own peculiar sphere to one in which, even if he had excelled, he yet never could have been nearly so useful to mankind. It is certain that he showed, upon many oeca sions, a harshness as well as coldness disposition to_ of wards individuals to wh ose unremitting friendship he owed great •mpatience to see the splend i d re f orms obli gat i ons; and his s which his genius had projected, accomplished before his death, time of his departure drew nigh, made him latterly increasing as the time miller friends only as instruments of refiwmation, his most a regard even indeedrevolting a spec t o f 'lendable and a and gave a very u to his feelings towards them. For the sudden and mournful death o f one old and truly ill us trous friend, he felt, as he expres se d, no p a i n at all; towards the person of a more recent friend he never concealed hi s disrespect, he disappointed some extravagant hope s whi c h h e because had formed that the bulk of a large fortune, acquired by h ones t i n d us t ry, would be expendedin promoting Parliamentary infl uence to b e use d i n f urt h er i n g great po litical changes. Into all these unamiable features of his character, f e very furrow which was deepened, and every s h a d e dark e ned by increasing years, there entered not hi ng base or hypocritical. If he felt little for a friend, he pretended to no mo re titans he felt. MR. CANNI NG LORD DUDLEY, AND MR. NUS __ LORD CASTLEREAGH. " Fcsv men of more limited capacity, or more meagre acquirements than Lord Castlereagh possessed, had before his time ever risen to any station of eminence in our free country ; fewer still have long retained It in a State, where mere Court intrigue and princely favour have so little to do with men's advancement. But we have lived to see persons of more obscure merit than Lord Castle reagh rise to equal station in this country. Of sober and industrious habits, and become possessed of business-like talents by long expe rience, he was a person of the most common-place abilities. lie had a reasonable quickness of apprehension and clearness of understanding, bu; nothing brilliant or In any way admirable marked either his con ceptions or his elocution. Nay, to judge of his intellect by his clo. quence, we should certainly have formed a very unfair estimate of its perspicacity. For, though it was hardly possible to underrate its extent or eumpfehensiveness, it was very far from being confused and per plexed in the proportiori of his sentences; and the listener, who knew how distinctly the speaker could form his plans, and how clearly his ideas were known to himself, might, coniparirig small things with great, be reminded of the prodigious contrast between the distinet nest of Oliver Cromwell's understanding, fled the hopeless confusion and obscurity of his speech: No man, besides, ever attained the station of a regular debater in our Parliament with such an entire want of all classical accomplishment, or indeed of all literary provision whatsoever. While he never shewed the least symptoms of an information extending beyond the snore resent volumes of the Par liamentary Debates, or possibly the files of the newspapers only, his diction set all imitation, perhaps all escription, at defiance. It was with some an amusement to beguile the tedious hours of their unavoid able attendance upon the poor, tawdry, ravelled thread of his sorry discourse, to collect a kind of rifle from the fragments of mixed, incongruous, and disjointed images that frequently appeared in it. 'The features of the clause'—' the ignorant impatience of the re laxation of taxation'—' sets of circumstances coming up and cir_ cumstanccs going down'—' men turning their backs upon themselves' —` the Honourable and Learned Gentleman's wedge gelding into the loyal feelings of the manufacturing classes'—' the constitutional principle wound up in. the bowels of the monarchical principle'--- ' the Herculean labour of the Honourable. and Learned Member, who will find himself quite disappointed when he has at last brought forth his Hercules'—(by a slight confounding of the mother's labour, who produced that hero, with his own exploits which gained him immortality) —these are but a few, and not the richest samples, by any means, o r a rhetoric which often baffled alike the gravity of the Treasury Bench and the art of the Reporter, and left the wondering audience at a loss to eo n _ jecture how any one could ever exist, endowed with humbler pretensions to the name of orator. Lord Castlereagh gad some qualities well. fitted to conciliate favour, and even to provoke admiration, in the absence of every thing like eloquence. He was a bold and fearless man ; the very courage with which he exposed himself unabashed to the most critical audience in the world, while incapable of littering two sentences of any thing but the meanest matter, in the most wretched language; the gallantry with which he faced the greatest difficulties of a question ; the unflinching perseverance with which he went through a whole subject, leaving untouched not one of its points, whether he could grapple with it or no, and not one of the adverse argu_ men's, however forcibly amt felicitously they had been urged, neither daunted by recollecting the impression just made by his antagoni,t's brilliant display, nor damped by consciousness of the very rags in which he now presented himself—all this made him upon the whole rather a favourite with the audience whose patience he was taxing mercilessly, and whose gravity he ever and anon put to a very severe trial. Nor can any one have forgotten) the kind of pride that mantled on the fronts of the Tory phalanx, when, after being overwhelmed with the powerful fire of the Whig opposition, or galled by the fierce denunciations of the Moun. tain, or harrassed by the splendid displays of Mr. Canning, their chosen leader stood forth, and presenting the graces of his eminently patrician figure, flung open his coat, displayed an azure riband traversing a snow.white chest, and declared ' his high satisfaction that lie could now meet the charges against him face to face, and repel with indignse. tiou all that his adversaries had been bold and rash enough to advance.' Such he was in debate ; in council he certainly had far more resources. He possessed a considerable fund of plain sense, not to be misled by any refinement of speculation, or clouded by any fanciful notions. He went straight to his point ; he was brave politically as well as person. ally. Of this his conduct on :the Irish Union had given abundant proof; and nothing could be more just than the rebuke which, as connected with the topic of personal courage, we may recollect his ad. ministering to a great man who had passed the limits of Parliamentary courtesy. Every one must be sensible,' he said, that if any personal quarrel were desired, any insulting language used publicly, where it could not be met as it deserved, was the way to prevent and not to produce such a rencounter.' No one after that treated him with disrespect. The complaints made of his Irish administration were perfectly well.grounded as regarded the corruption of the Parliament by which he accomplished the Union; hut they were entirely unfounded as regarded the Cruelties practised during and after the Rebellion. F ar ttom partaking in these atrocities, he uniformly and strenuously set his face against them. He was of a cold temperament and determined Cha racter, but not of a cruel disposition ; and to him, more than perhaps to any one else, was owing the termination of the system stained with blood. His foreign administration was as destitute of all merit as possible• MR. HORNER. Mr. Muter haying entered publie, life without any advantage of rank or fortune, had in a very short time raised himself to a high place among alike from s tl i l n e ce n r l e em c b o e n lof tio t n h , e alia h f ie ron p i Warty (to which he was attached private friendship with its chiefs), by the o n i d aio virtuous nsin po c i l i i t a i e ra: t t a er lo i , i t i s o p i r . i vate life, a es a very high o lfi r e d eac ti ) , °' af a d n an d e i r' i le t o f T o s'et r e m i E m o i n orda a eb t ri o ae n te c a e accurate and extensive upon all subjects connected with state affairs. Not that his studies had been confined to_ these; for his education, chiefly at Edinburgh, had been most libera l, e e . s o n f t] and generala put p l h i s o in p h p y, o s thansessio f t lst o of far more lot knowledge iv moste(i thee E t n e g i l o i t s i h sta s t u es o m jc All the departments of moral science he had cultivated in an especia l , manner; and he was well grounded in the exacter sciences, although he had not pursued these with the same ass id u ity . The ind profes sion of the law, which he followed, ra th er di sc i p li ne d his ra than distracted it from the more attractive and elegant pur suits of literary leisure ; and, his taste, the guide and eau , trot of eloquence, wa s man ly an d c h aste, err i ng on the safer s ide fastidiousness. Accordingly, when lie joined his party in Parliamen t, his oratory was of a kind which never failed to produce a very great effect, and he only did no t reac h the highest place among de baters, because he w a s cu t o ff prematurely, while steadily advancing upon the form er successes of his career. The gre at question of the Cur rency h a d been thoroughly studied by him at an early period of lif e, w h en the writings of Mr. Henry Thorn ton and Lord King first opened me n ' s eyes to the depreciation w hich Mr. Pitt's ill starred poli c y h a d occasioned. With the Ibriner he ha d partaken of the doubts by which his work left the questicu overcast in 1802 ; the admirable and indeed decisive demonitration of the latter in the next year entirely removed those doubts : and Mr. Horner, follow ing up the able paper upon the subject which he had contributed to th e Edinburgh Review at its first appearance, with a second upon Lord King's work, avowed his conversion, and joined mo s t p ower fully with those who asserted that th e currency had been depreciated, and the metallic money displaced by • the inconvertible Eank paper. In 1810 he moved for the famous Bullion Committee, and the two speeches which he made, upon moving his resolutions the year after, may justly be regarded as finished models of eloquence applied to such sub jects. The fame which they acquired for him was great solid, lasting. .JEREMY BENTHAM. The age of Law Reform and the age of Jeremy Bentham are one and the same. He is the father of the most important of all the branches of Reform, the loading and r u li ng department of human improve ment l` e' He it was who first made the mighty step of trying the whole provi s i ons of our jurisprudence by the test of ex. pediency, fearlessly examining how far each part was connected with the rest; and with a yet more undaunted courage, inquiring how far even its most consistent and symmetrical arrangements were framed accord ing to the principle which should pervade a Code of Laws— their adap tation to the circumstances of society, to the wants of men, and to the promotion of human happiness. Not only was he thus eminently origi nal among the lawyers and the legal philosophers of his own country; he KISSON. to overrate the effects of this resistance in obstructing ffissc'eliftreform. Mr. Canning and Lord Dudley es • .pecially, the m en of the greatest talents in the party, were truly formidable Possessingante in an equal degree all the resources of accurate and gonists. extensive information, all the powers of acute reasoning and lively d all the accomplishments of the most finished classical educe fancy, an in the degrees to they differed rather . the t pr is eg d i l e•• • which habit and accident had tion, in every kind fitted them for actual business, and in the strength of their understand_ nnuenced by their inclinations, than in thegenins or the acquire_ ight inspire or had trained their oratory. Mr. Canning ings a s s w i inch m nl wa e s nt the move powerful declaimer—Lord Dudley had the more fanc y and the sharper wit ; although of wit and humour Mr.' Canning, too, greatly excelled most other men . Lord Dudley could follow an argument with more sustained original acuteness, mo bile liar. Canning possessed a skill in s t atement which frequent l y disposed of the matter in dispute before his adversary was aware that his flank had been, as it were, turned, an d th us sparest him self the labour of an elaborate attack by argumentation. Both pre. pared for their g reater exhibitions with extreme care, and wrote more than almost any other mode L r o n r, o i r D at o o c r i s i ; but Mr. Canning had powers of extempore debati n g which Dudley had either never acquired, or ventured to exert. In habits of business, and the ' hardly ever vetfaculties which these whet, or train, or possibly bestow, Mr. Canning had, of coursacting e, all the advant age which could be derived from a l ong l i fe in o upon abils of so high an order. But that Lord D u dl ey ffice only wanted such training to equal him in the se respects, was apparent from the master l y p erformance of hisofficial duties, which marked his • stra tion of the Foreign department in 15.7 .‘ short admini . Here, however, a ll parallel between these eminent individ ua l s ends. In strength of mind, in that firmness of purpose which makes both a man V a nd a statesman,ere was, indeed, little compari son between them.ent , a p sensitive and even ir r it a bl e temperament Both were of 1 ' • end this, while it affected their manner, and f o ll owe d them into debate, q uitted theta not in the closet or the Cabinet. But in Mr. Canning the weakness hart limits which were not traced in the nervous tempera ment of Lord Dudley. lie suffered all his life under what afterwards prayed to be a diseased state of the system, and, after making the misery of part of his existent); and shading the happiness even of its brightest portions, it ended in adark drawing and dismal curtain over his whole faculties towards the close of If • life. T is T he result of the same morbid temperament . affeeted his judgment lent was a want of fixed inclination—a wavering that g t ment as well as his feelings —an incapacity to form, or after formin j isk o i s a o bide by any fixed resolution. With these men was joined Mr. It ' than whom few have ever attained as great in.. fluence in this country, try, with so few of the advantages which are apt to captivate Senates or to win popul a r app l ause, and, at the same time, the with so few of extrinsic qualities which - in the noble and the wealthy can always mina of speech make up for suc h natural deficiencies. Ile was not naturally, nor had much practice rendered him a ready speaker; he had none of the graces ofdictien, whether he prepared himself (ir he ever did sot, or trusted to the moment. His manner was peculiarly ungsinly. Hi • s statements were calculated •tl ra ler to excite distrust than to win confidence• let, .- of Commons, rem . II made him as much listened to as the most con summate debaters; and upon the questions to which he, generally speaking, confinedhimself, the great matters of commerce and finance, he delivered Thin successliwed himself with almost oracular certainty of effect. to the thorou g h k now l e d ge which he possessed of his subjects; the perfect "clearness of his understanding ; the. keenness dt with which he could apply his information t\l the purpose of the t expose the acuteness with Weakness, u w e hich he could unraye the argumen l t i , t an re e an adversary's vrec p t of his political purity y k lin : It or expound his own doc . t i rines. rut he had id not stand very high with the same intense love i thaneyvipce party. his whole party, and to which tlleofoffice which Ivas a r rifice3 reducing indeed into a principle, what was onyl have Made SU.O .1 ' us * error, ' the source of all un. worthy compliances, cloakthe‘yanio,sft for every proceeding, that no one . can effectually serve the 'ae in private station. Yet whoever has known either of these three 'l t i a li e l l ' i and casts his eye on those fol. lowers whom they have left behind, greatm may ' be 'le:tilled in heas'ing a sigh as lie exclaims, .li ' .. v ' . ' , /sari, • 'lot ! quani multo meaus e s! cum ), ique6 qua»z tut nee • • , Inillad. MIL STEPHEN'S. ga Ye a memorable proof of his public virtue, by at once abandon. inc the Ministry, and resigning his seat in Parliament, because they pursued a course which he disapproved, upon the great subject of Colo. nial Sla very. He retired into private life, a b an doned all the political questions in whi c h h e took so warm an interest, gave up the public busi ness, in which he still had strength sufficient to bear a very active part, and relinquished Without a struggle or a sigh all the advantages of pro m3tion, both f., r hi mself and his family, a l t h oug h agreeing with the Government in every other part of their policy, because on that which he believed conscientiously to be the most important of all their prat. tical views, they diff ered from his own. It wou ld i n deed be well if we bad now and then instances of so rare a N. Irtue ; and down 'lion this emin en t an d exce ll ent person , as not haviwho looked ng answered they the expectations formed of his Parliamentary career, or sneered at his enthusiastic real for opinions its his mind of paramount importance, would have done well to respect at a distance merit which they could not hope to imitate—perhaps could not well comprehend—merit b2side which the lustre of the statesman's triumph and the orator's fame grows 'Ole. - MR. MILL. In all the relations of private life he was irreproachable ; and he afforded a rare eiampie done born in humble circumstances, and strug. gling, during the greater part of his laborions fife, with the inconveni ences of restricted means, nobly maintaining an independence as abso lute, in all respects, as that of the first subject in the land—an independ-; ence indeed, which but few of the pampered children of rank and wealth are ever seen to enjoy. For he could at all times restrain his wishes within the limits of his resources; was firmly resolved that his own hands alone should ever minister to his wants ; and would, at every period of his useful and virtuous life, have treated with indignation any Project that should trammel his opinions or his conduct with the re. straints which external infitienee; of whatever kind, could impose. THOMAS CLA.RKSON. —• • Granville Sharpe ;vas followed in his bright course Thomas Clark son, of whom it has been justly said (nor can higher praise be earned by man), that to the great and good qualities of Las Casas—his bene volence—his unwearied perseverance—his inflexible determination of purpose—piety which would honour a saint—courage which would ac complish a martyr--he added the sound judgment lnd strict sense of justice which were wanting in the otherwise perfect character of the Spatiish philanthropist. While pursuing his studies at Cambridge, he made the Slave Trade the subject of an Essay, which gained one of the University prizes, and this accident having tailed his special attention to the iniquity of that execrable commerce, he devoted Ms hfe to waging an implacable hostility with it. The evidence which he col lected and brought before a Committee formed to obtain its abolition, drew the attention of Mr. Wilberforce, and secured at once the ser_ via% of that great man as the leader in the cause. . LITERATURE, LONDON AND WESTMINSTER REVIEW. No. LXI. There is a striking improvement in this " Review." It has thrown overboard a vast deal of its flippant arrogance and Cockney Conceit; and has substituted for them sound healthy feeling and deep thOUght. The change will recom mend it to a wide circle of readers. The thole of the contents of the present Number is above mediocrity. We have first a short and exquisite article on wood engraving. It is full of knowledge and good taste. The writer rightly appreciates the inestimable value of the beautiful in art, the cultivation of which he recommends ; and points out how much some cheap modern publications have promoted amongst the people a knowledge and a love of art. It is alttigether written in an admirable spirit, and the closing recommendation to the ladies of England to cultivate the art of wood engraving, will be welcomed iu the same kindly spirit in which it is made. The illustrations by Which the progress of the art and different styles are made apparent are all gems, and worth more than the cost Of the " Review." Those who possess this - Number will have, at a small expense, a sketch of the art of wood engraving, illustrated by some of its most exquisite productions. A disquisition on the characters of the statesmen and cour tiers of female reigns follows. It is discriminating, phi losophic, and rich in interest. We subscribe not to all its opinions, but have read it with pleasure and advantage, and so may most readers. Bolingbroke occupies, as he deserves, the largest share of it ; for Bolingbroke—wit, author, orator, and statesmen—was one of the most extra ordinary and powerful men who ever lived in England. From the next article we learn that Mr, Milnes, M.P. for Pontefract, is a passable poet of the Coleridge school. He belongs to a class of politicians who are called by the Reviewer, Coleridgian Tories, and who wish to make the Church and Aristocracy as practically as they are theoreti cally beneficial. Mr. Milnes, however shortcoming may be his popularity as a poet, will be much more successful in writing verses than in governing states. The article is written in a very different spirit from the criticisms in the Quarterly and Edinburgh, in which the productions of every author are judged of by his politics not their merit. The example of praising Mr. Milner's poetry, who is a thorough Conservative, will not be lost on the older rivals of the Westminster. The character of Montaigne, written, apparently, eon amore, is buried, like a beautiful Greek temple behind a Turkish mosque, by a somewhat verbose, ambitious, and tireschne introduction. The outline given of the worthy old Seigneur and of his house, is a pleasant addition to our biography. " England and Brittany" is a notice made up chiefly by judicious extracts from Howett's " Rural Life " and Souvestre's " Darniers Bretons," of the manners, tradi tions, amusements. and pursuits of the agricultural classes in England and Brittany. The only comparison which is drawn between them is mu c h t o th e a d van t a ge of England, and any Frenchman aware of the existence in Brittany of the game of Soule, can never vent ure t o re p roac h th e Eng lish with brutality. It is quite equal to, if it do not surpass, an Irish row at a fair. The article is pleasant and in. structive. Under the title " Dease and Simpson's Narrative" the re cent discoveries made in the Arctic region are distinctly narrated and illustrated by a map. The attempt at making a penal cob for India is shortly described, but we differ from the Reviewer,, denying both the possibility of making a complete code—and an incom plete code leaves all the evil of an unwritten law in full force on some points--and the utility of such a code, if it could be made. The Reviewer also considers, contrary to others—we have formed no opinion on the subject our selves—that Mr. Macauley has been eminently successful. " Domestic Service" makes the unpleasantness of the existing relation between employer and employed pain fully apparent, but by noting the causes of the unplea santness, partially suggests the remedy. We learn from the article that a series of works is in the course of publication to instruct and prepare young people for their occupations, and put them in a way of choosing the one to which they are best adapted—a valuable ob ject. To direct philosophic observation to this domes tic and intrinsically important relation, is one of the best signs we have lately seen of that real and benevolent spirit of improvement which is now busily at work in al most every part of the world, but particularly in England. We presume that this very useful, curious, and well-timed article is the production of a lady. We have also a brief and yet comprehensive notice of the history and wonders of the Tower, including more par ticulars of the notorious Blood, " the bully in the bad house of Charles 1I.," than have yet been collected—a severe but very short and just attack on Sir Francis Head, and an ad mirable disquisition on the philosophy of Mr. Bentham, which is at length beginning to be justly appreciated by his disciples. We conclude as we began, by saying that there is a wonderful improvement in the presiding spirit of this Review, the present Number of which, for variety, interest, and information, is the very best Review we have seen for a long period. NICHOLAS NICKLEBY. The Kenwige family—the conception of which is another feather in Boz's cap—come famously out in this Number. The individuals composing this domestic circle are imbued with far more life and vigour than Madame D'Arblay's over-rated Cockney characters, and may fairly take rank beside the best of Foote's. A quick and ready conception, and an equal readiness and facility in working out character, are indeed Mr. Dickens's prominent 'excel lencies. In this respect, he is unquestionably the best writer of his age—atleast in the homely walks of life. And the great secret o f hi s suc c es s is, that he does not take his information second-hand from books; but judges from per sonal observation—draws direct from life. We subjoin a favourable specimen of his descriptive faculty : " Within the precincts of the ancient city of Westminster, and within half a quarter of a mile of its ancient sanctuary, is a narrow and dirty region, the sanctuary of the smaller Members of Parliament in modern days. It is all comprised in one street of gloomy lodging. houses, from whose windows in vacation-timo there frown long melan. choly rows of bills, which say as plainly as did the countenances of their occupiers, ranged on Ministerial and Opposition benches in the Session which slumbers with its fathers, "To Let"—" To Let." In busier periods of the year these bills disappear; and the houses swarm with legislators. There are legislators in the parlours, in the first floor, in the second, in the third, in the garrets ; the small apartments reek with the breath of deputations and delegates. In damp weather the place is rendered close by the steams of moist Acts of Parliament and frowsy pe titions ; general postmen grow faint as they enter its infected limbs, and shabby figures in quest of franks, flit restlessly to and fro, like the troubled ghosts of Compl e te Letter-writers departed. Thi s i s Manches. ter -buildings i and here, at all hotirs of the night, may be heard the rat. fling of latch keys in their ..respective keyholes, with now and then— when a gust of wind sweeping across the water which washes the Build. ings' feet impels the sound towards the entrance—the weak shrill voice . p Member practising the morrow's speech. of some young All the live and clashing and clanging of little long day there is a grinding of organs boxes of music, for Manchester-buildings is an eel-pot, which has no outlet but its awkward mouth—a case.bottle which has no thorough fare, and a short and narrow neck—and in this respect it may be typical of the fate of some few among its more adventurous residents, who, after wriggling themselves into Parliament by violent efforts and contortions, find that it, too, is no thoroughfare for them ; that, like Manchester buildings, it leads to nothing beyond itself ; and that they are fain at last to back out, no wiser, no richer, not one whit more famous, - than they went in. THE DUBLIN REVIEW.—No: IX. London, Booker and Dolman. There are no s y m pt oms o f a filling off in the great abi lity which distinguished the early numbers of this religious and political organ of the Roman Catholic body. On the contrary, we think we can discover in the Number before us . an accession o f s t rengt h ; t h oug h, t o th e disappointment of readers who take little interest in the discussion of questions . appertai n ing as muc h t o th eo l og y as t o hi s t o ry, the fresh mind thrown into it has added nothing to the only featu re i n w hi c h it was from the first wanting—Na tionality. Th e D u bli n R ev i ew i s t oo C a th o li c , w ith ou t being sufficiently Irish. Hence one great cause of its not being more popular in England and Scotland. Let us test the truth of this assertion by a reference to the table of contents. ,Out of nine several articles which compose this Number, only one can be said to have direct reference to Ireland—and . that one is confined to a -discussion of the, a t present , very un i nv i t i ng su bj ec t of Irish Election C omm i t t ees ! S ure ly, i n th e long list ofim portant question; relative to Ireland 'that have occu pied the attention of Parliament since the commence ment of the Present Session, more than one might been select e d f or di scuss i on in have the pages of th e Dahlia Repiew,_ Without detracting from the merits of . the in genious article with which this Number commences, it would have been more gratifying to us, and we would venture to affirm, to the British public generally, to read a clever• elucidation of the present relative position of parties in Ire-- land—of the progress of national education--of semo philanthrophic effort to promote a knowledge of books in the interior of the country by means of the establishment of cheap circulating libraries and reading clubs. th m to learn that the true locality of the Boman Forum is yet disputed, and moreover, that to the true philosopher it is question of very little importance whether or not it be rightly ascertained. But while we question the sound policy of devoting the great bulk of Ireland's only" Quarterly" to subjects in which , Ireland takes no exclusive interest—to the prejudice of questions which are to her of vital importance—we have much reason to be well satisfied with the ability displayed in most of the articles in the Number now before us. The positive indifference with which the writer of the opening article on " The Roman Forum"affects to regard the la bours of the antiquarians of the " Eternal City," gives quite a relish to his descriptions. Passing over his account of the English amateur excavators, whose children " learnt • to turn up the soil with their walking -sticks for bits of mar ble, and to pilfer fragments of Mosaic ;" and who them-, , selves " buy an unopened Etruscan sepulchre, as they would • buy a pipe of wine at home, only with a tolerable chance of finding it empty ;" we come to the excavators of " real utility" employed, by the Papal Government, with a view to make out the plan of ancient Rome. With what inex prelsible contempt would an Irish hodman survey such a group as the following : " The labourers are nose of your brawney, square-built, men of pick.axe and barrow. They are a motley race of every age from the mere boy to the ' lean and slippercd pantakon ;' arranged in every va riety of costume, most of them preserving seine remains of cast-off finery about their persons. They wear their hats rith a certain air, that for all its jauntiness provokes you to ridicule, and tilts handle their spades with as much taste as they would do a loaded rifle. As caelr workman brings his barrow to be, not filled, but sprinkled with earth ; he sits down to converse with his friend of the shovel, who, in thq quietest way possible, measures him out just his load. When this is obtained he forms a link in the processional train, moving at the slowest conceivable pace. The line never proceeds far without a general stop page. One of the first halts to take snuff, and arrests the entire train; yet not a murmur of complaint is heard. After many such interrur tions, each labourer reaches his destination only to assist in forming:* mount of earth, which, in three months, must be as quietly conveyed few hundred yards farther. It is altogether a scene from entomology on a gigantic scale--men performing the office of ants without anyof their industry." Talk of the establishment of r a il roa d s i n It a l y a f ter this vivid sk e tch of Italian industry! What would Brother Jonathan think of such a " go a-head" pace as a recom mendation for a settlement in the Back Woods ? The Review of " Ranke's History of the Popes," is rather an apology for the secular domination of the Holy See from the 10th to the middle of the 15th century, than an attempt to prove any necessity on the part of the Church of' God to ally itself with the State. We are quite willing to admit that, " under the bias of religious or political fanaticism," many eminent writers have attributed to the Roman Pontiffs the commission of crimes of which they were innocent : but is it equally true that they at tributed to them any power, any secular domination over the kingdoms of the earth to which these most sanctified servants of the servants of God did ncit lay claim? The Reviewer seems to intimate that in the then state of the Christian world the patrimony of St. Peter was necessary to obtain for the Pope a proper' degree of influence out of Italy. If so, how was it that the Redeemer in sending forth his Apostles to preach the Gospel happened to overlook so necessary an adjunct to the Divine Commission How was it that instead of sending them forth wanderers from city to city, without earthly heritage or possessions, and with not so much as a second garment, he did not bestow upon them crowns, and mitres, and palaceS, and secular dominion over all Kings, Princes, and Potentates ? But these questions admit of no satisfactory solution at the hands of the Reviewer. The power of the Roman Pontiff originated in fraud, and in this, as in all other cases, power was ne cessary to secure i mpun i ty f or a flagrant vio lation of a g enera ll y rece i ve d l aw. H av i ng corrupted— we will not offend any Catholic by saying the faith—but the ceremonial of the Christian religion, the patrimony of St. Peter was necessary, not to obtain due re spect for religion, but to maintain such corruption. The " Prejudices of Early Education" is a caustic review of a whole catalogue of School-books in general use in nearly all respectable Protestant schools. Extracts are made from them of facts impressed upon, and opinions instilled into, the minds of mere infants, not only flagrantly false, but most uncharitable as regards the Roman Catholic community. We recommend the Secretary of the fiber nian Bible Society to read this article on the " Prejudices of Early Education," to his patrons at the next annual mebting of that Saintly body. The article on " Galileo— The Roman Inquisition," is one of the most laboured and erudite essays that we ever met with on the subject of the ecclesiastical persecution of that celebrated astronomer. The object of it is to prove that Galileo never languished in the dungeons of the Inquisition ; that he was merely censured by that body for pertinaciously insisting upon de nouncing as erroneous a passage in the Old Testament ; and that so far from being inhumanly persecuted, he was openly patronised by Cardinal Bellarmine, by Prince Cesi, and even by the Pope himself. As we could not enter into the merits of this much contested question within the ordinary limits of a Newspaper criticism, we will in justice to the writer quote the concluding paragraph, in which he gives the retort courteous to his anti-Papal opponents:— " Should any one take it into his head to move in the next Session of Parliament for aid to promote any one object of education at Maynooth —how would the loudest declaimers about the ignorance and supersti tion of the Church of ]lone be found to vote? Our lives for it—against the motion; though even for the sake of trying to distract the attention of the Irish priest f rom hi s much dreaded electioneering avocation, the experiment would be worth the making. Will they vote for a grant to erect a printing press there ? for the enlargement of its scanty library for a modern philosophic apparatus ? With the strongest desire to see the scientific education of their alumni achieved, and every facility fur that purpose attained, are not the Trustees notoriously apprehensive of rousing the rabid hostility of the declaimers against ignorance and po pery by a demand for Parliamentary aid for these purposes ? If these Persons truly love science, let them conic forward and vote a few thou sands for this lauded and laudable purpose. But why do we speak of such things ? Ar_ they not at this very hour throwing every obstacle in the way of the education of a whole nation, because they are Papists and not to be proaelytized ? Have they not recently displayed the sem.- spirit against their fellow-Protestants by opposing their admission to the Universities, simply because they were more practically Protestant than themselves, having dared to use their right of private judgment, and differ with the Establishment ?" These questions are regular home-thrusts—questions which your staunch churchmen will be as ready to pronounce ill-mannered, as were the spinsters on the Pension List Mr. Spring Rice's inquiries respecting their ages, and the naturt of their public services. Your high Tory priests resemble the fair sex in more than the mere article of duelling. There are certain delicate points upon which it is equally rude and indiscreet to press either ecclesiastics or ladies to say more than may be convenient for themselves. The Review of the Life of Wallenstein embraces a summary of the general history of the thirty years' war in Germany. The Reviewer attempts a justification of the conduct of the Emperor, who, after he began to suspect the loyalty of the Duke of Friedland, and even after he had issued secret Letters Patent for his apprehension, alive or dead, continued to hold his wonted friendly correspondence withb im. Such conduct was certainly in accordance with the morality of thelmperial Court, but we do not see that at this time of day it admits of the shadow of justification. At this distance of time, and owing to the conflicting testimony of different historians, it is impossible to deter mine with certainty whether the murderers of Wallenstein were instigated to perpetrate that crime by private revenge or the especial orders of the Emperor ; but it may be safely affirmed that were the assassins not previously con vinced that they would stand a greater chance of being re warded than punished by the Imperial Government, they would not have embrued their hands in the blood of their General. Passin g over the articles " O n th e St ate o f P eru b e f ore and at the Spanish Invasion," and the " Authority of the Holy See in South America," we come to a joint criticism on Serjeant Talfourd's " Athenian Captive," and She. ridan Knowles' " Woman's Wit, or Love's Disguises," to the excellence of neither of which we think the Reviewer does sufficient justice. Still, as his remarks are penned in a most friendly spirit, and as he supports his opinions, where they are favourable, by copious extracts from these dramas, we shall content ourselves with simply dissenting from him. We preceded the public in our judgment of both works, and by that tribunal has our decision been fully confirmed. • LARDNER' S CYCLOPEDIA.—No. 106. Longman, London, 1838. .1 1 We have here Memoirs of some of the most eminent literary and scientific men of France, penned in a candid spirit, and with a singular freedom from all prejudice. The life of Montaigne, in particular, does credit to M rs . Sh e '. ley's sagacity. She rightly estimates the character of this thoughtful, but somewhat fantastic, essayist—the only in tellectual Mayor we ever heard of. Montaigne would have been a far more agreeable writer, if he had n o t b een so inordinately addicted to the vice of quotation. In his il'lhal-Igo ' t c h a e r r h y l s o n s uh c, re a b b , r e, u e st t a c i: d t ia e i e7 s i t t: e u l l ,frh r i , n i b ees e s c : t the t rain solemn and subtle reflections on death, a subject en which without:o the doesahegtuvoatsactioonns.taritillyistli of his reflections were; suddenly produces di disturbed subject in hand—an' s s r i o e d m a e d r e e i n r g , t deeplyhat it iis a interestinglady s t l i t i e k c e t s il a t t h i c o speculations, written Memoir. But no female can ever do ju n s is t l—i ic ici e sac , tobn c loY r -f enter into, the spirit of this iiis t extraordinary Tii writer. E ver y e_anthese thing about him is masculine. s tyle of reflection—his learning—ltis quainitinsss humour—his are exclusively of a stern and masculine character. How should a lady ever enter into the recondite drollery of the immortal " Voyage to the Holy Bottle ?" With 11 , 1olierte and especially Fenelon, Mrs. Shelley may possibly hat e sympathies in common ; a n d accordingly these are tilde