The Sun. — London, England, 1838-12-05 00:00:00

THE EARL OF DURHAM, i nhabitant s o f t h e B orough of Plymouth agreed on `Du r ham nit, to p resent t h e f o ll ow i ng address to Lord To • T HE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE EARL OF DURHAM, " MAY G.C.8., & C . & C . IT PLEASE YOUR LORDSHIP : de " We, the inh a bit ants of the Borough of Ply mou th, ePIY deploring the unhappy circumstances which have your Lordship to resign the important trust , w ,ni_nh had been forced upon your acceptance, cannot, never theless, refrain from congratulating- your Lordship upon your safe retur n to the shores of Britain. " Without offering any opinion upon matters which will he more properly reserved for Legislative discussion, or pre suming in the most distant manner to question the motives froth led to your Lord s hip' s res i gnat i on, we cannot re f ra i n 4°in expressing our fervent hope that the individual who ma y be selected for the arduous post of your Lordship's successor, may t rea d i n your Lordship ' s magnanimous and Merciful steps, and earn, like your Lordship, the well merited approbation of all classes and all parties in the un happy country from which your Lordship has just returned. %le" W ishing your L or d s hi p a l engt h ene d en j oyment o f t h e ading laurels which you have so justly acquired by the gramess, imparti a lit y , an d c l emency w hi c h mar k e d your Lordship's admini s t rat i on o f t h e G overnment o f C ana d a, " We beg leave to remain, with profound respect, " Your Lordship's most obedient, humble servants, (Signed on behalf of the meeting) GEO. W. SOLTAN, MAYOR, CHAIRMAN. Hi L. The inhabi --is 4ordship having appointed the hour of 4 p.m. on ii ii ts . urd ay f or receiving the Plymouth Address, Captain I ll'Ps and D r . H am ilt on , w h o h a d b een d epute d to pre nt it, wa i te d on his Lordsh i p at the Government House, ° n n;Mount Wise, fo r th a t p ur p ose , an d were mos t gra "ously received. Captain PHILLIPS opened the business in a neat and emphatic speech, and was followed by a Dr. HAMILTON who said, before I pro cee d t o th e Ad i'ress with which we have been intrusted, allow me to as stire your L or d s hi p that, in complying with the wishes of rir fell ow -townsmen, who have deputed to us the pleas ng office of conveying to your Lordship their heartfelt ; on gratulations on y our sa f e r eturn to you r na ti ve l an d, we e el a more th an common p r ide and sati s f ac ti on a t h av i ng b een, select e d f or th e di sc h ar ge of so honourable and so gra ' „ "Ying a commission. Deeply, however, as we mourn, in "lumen with a large majority of our fellow-countrymen, t he disgraceful intrigues by which you have been interrupted in You r merciful and magnanimous career—and sensible as we are o f th e great and imm easura bl e l oss sus t a ined by our ~ ow-subjects in Canada by your L or d s hip' s departure from that distracted land, we cannot b ut h a il w ith j o y your a uspicio us return to this country at the present momentous " z sig, when, to the numerous other grounds of national discontent arising from the factious resistance opposed to a le d r4 measure of public improvement, are likely to be sit nmtdetorinigour s o f a w i nter o f more th an or dinary seve r thoohoibeutysnuifferings and privations to almost every class no l ess than resulti ng from the cruel and oppressive, laws! u u unwise and impolitic, operation of the Corn- • nder suc h circumstances we hail your Lordship's return with feelings of unmixed gratification, and turn our eyes to you as the Palinurus, whose skilful pilotage pro- Zses to cond uct the vessel of the State unharmed am id st t he danger s and the tempests which beset her. This, my h.. , d ? is no t t h e language of flattery or of exaggeration, „n t he s i mp l e expression of feelings in which we partici pate with millions of our fellow-countrymen, and which You_d will ea _ or s ip find embodied with, perhaps, more jus b ea s 10 the Add ress o f wh i ch we have the h onour t o b e thet soarers, and which, with your Lordship's permission, I shall re ad. He then read the Address, to which his Lord- Was pleated to make the following reply : G entlernen,—l thank you most sincerely for this flat ind"-LI testimony of your regard and confidence. It is vi . e ed gratifying t o me to find the same feeling of sympathy i le h chee re d me on leav i ng t h e s h ores o f N or th - America, t ,r e e t me on my arrival in my nat i ve l an d . 1110 4 t . I f I hav e rece i ve d , as I h ave , more numerous testi- A ro l ? s of regard f rom a ll c l as ses in the North American Nier vi nces, th an ever b e f ore were presen ted to any of their s o 8 ' it has been owing to my determination to recognize t o Pa rty disti nct i ons — to act w ith j u stice and impartiality to,wards all_ and to lay the foundations o f t h ose w i se an d vr e amelio rat i ons in the inst i tut i ons o f th e colonies which "eso i mperatively required. to ,. have the h a p p i ness to know that in effacing the re ? h ave ni a disastrous rebellion, and administering justice-- or nee j not found it necessary to shed one drop of blood, • ha d the p roper ty of a single individual. h conciliated the esteem of a great and powerful afr os d a ' in which were to be found al: the elements of i lte ger or security to our North American possess i ons— l ki g s een commerce and en t er p r i ze rev i v i ng —public con vence restored—and the field at length laid open for me, 11 1) , 4 er e I could raise a Constit u ti ona l edifice, worthy of the f o : ti sh name, and resting on such broad and comprehensive olndati ons , as would ensure the good government of the .4 1 ,„,,"'' Il ics and the perpetuation of their connection with the ' 4 4 Crown. 11:1 this career of, I humbly but fearlessly venture to h, ll, complete success, I have been suddenly arre sted . h il •;" e Persona:Hy, no doubt, such a disappointment is great, tir%, lll , ust be to any man who is deprived of the means o f D ot i "Y and immediately advancing the interests , and pro 14e():it t he happiness of his fellow-creatures — but to the in g 41e of Briti s h N or th America, the crisis is most alarm s" dangerous, an d throws into the shade all the per k': ' c °nsid erat i ons which can a tt ac h t o the treatment that I fa tu t i r eceived. E very f eel i ng, th ere f or e o f my heart, every l'er e t f ). of my mi n d, i s engage d in the task of providing 14 4 the security and the advancement of those impor „ inationid interests. hswe hope I shall be supported by the t he (1 Parliament involved in 401 England, wh ose i n t ere sts are alike titi nn of the great question, as to whether th ese vast t ith Z lcis t valu a bl e C o l on i es are to b e p r eserved to the Bri - , t hey 4113 ipe, or to be abandoned, and with them the supre- ICI British commerce." 44 ,1 1 q 1 1 1 je Putation, in making known his Lordship's answer, tt i elar ot i n e ommunicating to you the powerful and explicit. of nof the Noble Lord's sentiments, contained in tt °Per, • i our °ning lines, we desire only to add, that the nature r ee _ t s lotio n as conveying the expressions of your feel alo., important events re.erre to 44 -4 tile r d in the Address, , ▪ 111" . gratifying, and distinguished by that frankness k m sir:, courtesy which are at once the characteristics of "tened Statesman and a British Nobleman. PLYMOUTH, DEC. 3. I.p CREoI, A MIDSHIPMAN AND THREE OF THE 41 0/ . 4 OF H.M.S. RATTLESNAKE, IN PL Y jt • ° AT 4 ft 41 HARBOUR, BY THE UPSETTING OF i . I ) 744, a u gain our painful, duty . to record another of those ; e hl a accidents by which so many lives have lately I ‘ ) ; l _ l 4, Bt ,,_ e this port. On Sunday afternoon, about tip.. t `klto ti ",,a of the boats Df . H.M.S. Rattlesnake, ( a y Oath 'corn the East Indies, .and now lying in Plymouth ship J' Put off from the landing place at Davenport, to we la l'it tlt the ship,having a crew of four men under _th e e of • b • (Mr. T. W. Surtas.) Th . littiLio, h4bemids.,ipmbann yboisterous throughout the day, and t 1 4 41 11 th e afternoonenver- there was a succession of violent dl o th o f tbu o nd r an 4lais aee run ied b the most vivid lightning an oud e The y boat had proceeded to the entranc ‘41 : 14°44 e, when she encountered one of these squalls, t ll lZ i klou; e al 3 si•zed, plunging the whole party into the tem -1 0 -- 8 "; no' aid was at hand, and before boats from tfreehArre could rem h the ltal spot, the midshipman and O N , the c rew were overpowered, and sunk to rise no n 4ttiy:ttoheLf_ourth seaman we was picked up and conveyed 1, hie he "e shore. ) 1 ,1 1 '4 iatt-rendin event, by which the country has lost ; d 7l) • d ° :.(er, cut art-rending without a moment's warning, in the 1 4 4 1) 11 4 Youth, and three British seamen, has warning, t -e IY Bensation in thisneighbourhood, where so many r have tt! l4ll y P"s hed b 44 - arj, y a similar calamity, and the question na kic'a e% e; es, whether in so large and impurta.nyt aport, which il,i'ltA tle 'exit provision ought not to be made, b °WI. e Co uld be promptly rendered in cases .. of the o° a nd an d accident. We hoar of no life-boat, li o ages PParatus having been used in any one of tk, 141 % Which have lately occurred in this har 'ik- Withi n S. se fearful a sacrifice of human life (in every ' 4 4 gunshot from the shore) ought to rouse the most k4ti attentio 4 t lk e :11 s i lo , ii i) to the subject, and the most strenuous t tt. bleb 1 11 _ 1 d be made to provide every means of assist t"'''. toga Po- 4ur nanity and skill can suggest, for the rescue 'ZA N , uo are exposed to such appalling dangers in their ' 8 2 8 " vice. ) ^ "l4 ear nen have been landed to-day from the . ship % ..1 4 tt • Na l ; . The were struck by lightning, off the Lizard, 1 4 4 cahi' a nd One of the men, who was standing on some 4 11 In k . o e ' and clasping an iron bar, is dreadfully f injured, .4tilder !arlY the whole of one side scorched Thero the t it ql , ha 1 2 the foot —his recovery is doubtful.other 41: ill Y O tru ck in the eyes, and for many hours appeared- ,qo' l . l ' it 6 14 1 1 , but has partially ' recovered sight to day, 4 ,t 1 ti. (1 'l ,° Ped may in some degree be permanently re- Nekve been Poor fellows are in a truly pitiable l c i o r nd_i 3 ti . o .... n,. re the 4 41 y, : e n Placed under the skilful care of 1 • I r 4 1t1 1 !len ,2 11 eminent surgeon in thi s t ow n. The names of ' ItijttretC--Alfred B rown, eyes struck ; H enry Cooper, CORN-LAWS TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. have always admired your unwearied advocacy of the interests of the poor and oppressed. You have long, and ably, both asserted and proved to those who are not blinded by self-interest, that the sufferings of thousands are caused by our misanthropic Corn-laws. Notwithstanding the abused misrepresentation of your Conservative Contemporaries, I am happy to find many of their readers who do perceive, and candidly acknowledge, " that justice, truth, and humanity are on your side." But, Sir, since the rays of your Sun have dissipated ig norance and prejudice from the mind, and caused the righteous indignation of suffering Britons, allow me, through the medium of your philanthropic columns, to suggest a plan, both bloodless and constitutional, which I think would break the iron arm of oppression, and emancipate millions from the grasp of destitution. - - The plan is this :—Let the friends of liberty and justice in London form an " Anti-Corn-law Association," for the purpose of sending a number of active and intelligent agents into the provincial towns, to deliver lectures, and organize the people to present such numerous petitions to the Legislature, praying for the repeal of the Corn-laws, that no sane Government could refuse compliance. Almost every town, both in England and Scotland, has a Reform Association, and I am sure these Associations would most willingly assist the agents of mercy in their labours of benevolence. The time to throw off the anti-Christian yoke has now arrived. The people in this neighbourhood are anxiously looking for a movement in the North. When a person who is considered friendly to the poor goes into the ad jacent villages he is frequently asked " What be they doing in the North ?" " Are they coming our way ?" In a moral point of view, the Corn-laws demand our most serious consideration. I have always observed in this county (and I think it is the same generally) that crime prevails in the same ratio as the price of bread advances and labour becomes scarce. There are now hundreds of poor children deprived of the education which they for merly enjoyed, in consequence of their parents being un able to provide them with clothing and pay the trifling sum of one or two pence per week. Grinding barley for the purpose of making bread has become common in this county. 1 remain your humble servant, Devizes, Dec. 4, 1838. A. B. S. M. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. MONDAY EVENING, DEC. 3, 1838. Slit,--I trust the sentiments expressed in your leading ar ticle of this evening, relative to the fresh outbreak in the Ca nadas, will be re-echoed not only by the press generally, but by the British public throughout the three kingdoms. With out intending to question the use of the words liberal and liberality, as opposed to all that is exclusive, bigotted, and monopolizing, whether in religion, politics, or commerce, I humbly submit, with all due deference to certain modern feelosofers (as Cobbett would designate them), that we may go to the other extreme, and sacrifice, under errone ous notions of modern political economy, or intimidated by freebooting invasions, first one colonial dependency and then another, until, shorn of her territorial outposts, Great Bri tain may possibly descend to the rank of a third-rate power, with a numerous pauper population, and but a limited range of country for their support. I am more particularly induced to advert to the question of colonial possessions, from the little value in which they are held by numbers, who, from their station and presumed knowledge, ought to form a better estimate of the import ance of " ships, colonies, and commerce" to a country like Great Britain, feared for her prowess, and envied for her wealth—alike by the Liberal and Despotic Powers of con tinental Europe. Having been a resident in Upper Canada, and enabled from personal observation to form an opinion of the re sources of that magnificent province, it has been with feelings of regret and indignation that I have read the recommendations of several of our political Journalists and Members of Parliament, who, des titute of foresight, and, I may add, patriotism, have advo cated the surrender of our North American possessions, without a struggle, and to sacrifice on the altar of econo mical expediency, not only the vast sums expended in their conquest and subsequent protection, but likewise the sources from which we may yet obtain remuneration for the outlay incurred during their political nonage. But were it even true that, financially considered, they contribute not a beggarly denier to our national revenues, the prestige alone which attaches to the extent and population of a State, ought to prevent so suicidal a proposition. While Russia is silently working her traverses for the ultimate assault of our Indian empire, while France, having conquered Algeria, is meditating the subju gation of Mexico, and the petty province of Maine is disposed to contend, vi et armis, for the possession of a portion of the province of New Brunswick, Eng land is calmly to surrender her dependencies at every petty outbreak, prompted by misrule, or actuated by the frothy ambition of would-be Washingtons and Franklins ! That our colonies are misgoverned, and that they have been a burden to the mother country, is doubtless true ; but it were a poor remedy for past errors to throw them up altogether ; rather (to use a homely phrase) turn over a new leaf, and develop their resources by salutary reforms, which, while they remove every pretext or shadow for re bellion, may have the effect of rendering them integrally as essential a part of England as Kent or the Isle of Wight. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, 4G, Whitcombe-street, Pall-mall-East. W. C. BRITISH POLICY IN INDIA. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sta,—The lead which The Sun takes in all that con cerns our foreign relations, and the zeal with which its best energies are displayed in attempting to arouse the Govern ment from its lethargy to a sense of the dangers which sur round us, induce me to trouble you with some observations on the recent intelligence from India. A question is now agitated in military circles whether or not it is prudent to push our whole disposable force, con sisting of but 30,000 or 40,000 men, into Affghanistan, whilst disaffection and revolt are in our rear, and we are threatened simultaneously by the Nepaulese, 40,000 strong, in the east ; by the military tribes of Rajpoots in the west ; and by the Burmese on our north-eastern fron tier. These several states are arming, and only await the issue of events to the north of the Indus to declare hostili ties. Intercepted despatches evince how hollow are their professions, and how widely spread are the seeds of disaf fection. The Nepaulese frontier extends more than four hundred and fifty miles, and they threaten us at three points—Dar jeling, on the Himalaya—the district of Goruckpoor—and Kumdon, which is also in the Himalaya, and was the province wrested from the Nepaulese in the war of 1615. Darjeling is garrisoned by a weak detachment ; in Goruck poor we have but a single native regiment and two six pounders ; and Benares and Dinapoor, where our troops are assembling, are at a distance of 200 miles from the frontier, where the Nepaulese are in force. In Kumdon we have only one native regiment, besides the provincial corps, and of the former 350 men are at Al morah, the capital of the province, two companies at Pitoragurh and two at Lohoogat, which are twenty-five miles asunder, and more than double the dis tance from Almorah, and separated from each other by high ranges of mountains. There are no better nor braver troops in the world than the Nepaulese, and we had infinite trouble to subdue them in the last war ; with their habits of enterprise and daring, they may pour into our provinces, and cut our detachments in pieces, long before reinforce ments can come up. The points immediately threatened on our north, east, and west frontiers are many hundred miles apart. Neither Nepaul nor Rajisthan are approachable by rivers or mili tary roads, and from the extent of the force likely to be brought against us, a prompt and vigorous display of power is requisite. Rajisthan has a population of about eight mil lions, and our force consists of 10,000 infantry (including the new levies), 2,500 cavalry, and a proportion of artillery, centoned at Mow, Neemuck, and Nusseerabad—stations respectively 150 miles apart. On the Burmese frontier we have but 900 men, including provincial troops, stretching along a line, from Suddya in Assam to Tavoy, of 1,200 geographical miles, broken into separate forces, a n d with imperfect means of communication. A partial defeat in any quarter at this moment would, besides giving confidence to the enemy, and drawing thousands of warriors to his standard, occasion revolt and insurrection throughout the extensive regions which otherwise may continue faithful to our sway. This it is which renders it essential that any displey of force on our part against the Affghans should be such as to ensure victory. The brilliant careers of u Wellesley and a Hastings, the dif ficulties they surmounted, and the efficiency the army attained under their effective Administration, makes the contrast the gr eater in the present dep lorable state of our militar y force. Lord Auckland certainly is not to blame for this ; it is on his prerlecessors that we must rest the charge. The timorous and terniserising policy of Lord Amherst involved India in a war with the King of Burmah. Instead of resenting t the first outrage cornizqed by that haughty po tentate, recourse 14,7;15 had to treaty, aaegetiation, and re monstrance—a course ,ce t - tr regarded by the heir civilized w na 4 t AB i j o y : s s emd a as byl l a sign nduetnal cbotefi numbers, she enemy, over ,a4.L.sseetint't in a p n: ie in n s't es, and see.ecely a man escaped to recount the extent of our folly. The fame of a victory, trivial k i itself, shot with incredible rapidity from one end of India to to ether, and thousands of our troops perished in the marshes and the jangles of Arracan, and ten millions were ,added to the Public debt before we regained the Erouga we h lgst i n pative Ou: inotive THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1838 in halting before Ameerapoora, the capital of Ave, and saving it from pillage, as we did Katmandoo, the metro polis of Nepaul, seems but to have passed for a further evi dence of weakness. We should at least have dictated terms from within the walls of the capital. This war, which gained for Lord Amherst two steps in the peerage, often left the troops without common necessaries, notwith standing the most lavish expenditure ; and the climate, the worst enemy our troops had, reduced the army one-half. To recruit the exhausted coffers of the Treasury all sorts of expedients were resorted to, and Lord William Bentinck came prepared at all risks to follow out his schemes of retrenchment. His first aim was the reduction of the pay and efficiency of the army by whose bravery victory had been achieved. Regu lations wisely planned and maturely perfected by the Mar quis of Hastings, during his twelve years' administratio n , were recklessly swept away ; regiments were so far reduced as not to leave a sufficiency of troops for the duty of the great military stations, and it was found necessary to call in corps from the outposts, whilst whole districts were shorn of their troops altogether. This has led to continual revolts and disturbances, and rebellions which were formerly promptly checked, now assume a formidable head, and cause much waste of money and sacrifice of human life. Lord Bentinck, not content with reducing the strength of of the cavalry and infantry of the line, disbanded one half of the local horse, and swept away the provincial battalions. These battalions supplied the place of a local militia, and would have been usefully employed at this juncture in taking the duties temporarily of regiments of the line. The most unwise measure of all, however, of his Lordship's administration as regards the efficiency of the army, was that of supplying the place of horses to a great number of the field batteries with bullocks. This called forth at the time remonstrances from every artillery officer of eminence in the service. His Lordship knew full well that guns drawn by bullocks never can keep up with an army on a march, and it would be ludicrous, if we could divest ourselves of the consequences of employing such animals in a campaign, to observe the impotent efforts of the drivers to drill the bullocks into anything like order. What a sorry figure would our artillery cut should they ever be called on to ma noeuvre their bullock ordnance against the light galloper guns of the Russian army ? It has been said that the advantages held out by our Government to enlist, secure us against a want of recruits, and that the strength of the native army can be augmented at pleasure. Though the stipend of the soldier has been reduced, and his comforts abridged, since the time of Lords Lake and Hastings, yet it is not of a deficiency of recruits, so long as they are paid with regularity, that we are likely to have to complain. It is of a want of discipline that we must sorely feel the need on any emergency ; and when we recollect that the native soldier, in addition to the difficulty of acquiring a knowledge of military tactics, has to learn those tactics through the medium of a language to which he is an entire stranger, the matter becomes one of serious moment. Even the soldier who has been years in our service, will forget, during a six months' furlough, so much of military tactics, as to require his being drilled anew. To defer raising an army, then, until required for active service cannot but endanger its defeat, and yet our Government has suffered itself to be placed in this dilemma. The doubts I have expressed (in the little pamphlet on " Tile Present and Future Prospects of our Indian Em pire," which you have done me the favour to notice) relative to the sincerity of Runjeet Singh towards us, appear, from recent intelligence, to be confirmed ; and our folly in hav ing neglected to secure a frontier on the Indus, is becoming daily more apparent. Runjeet Singh cannot fail to per ceive that the establishment of a British force in Affghanis tan, whence alone our empire is secured against invasion, must lead to the subversion of his kingdom. We never could permit a great military power to occupy the inter mediate country between the Attock and the Sutlej, and thus, at any moment, intercept our convoys, levy imposts on our merchandise, and obstruct our military movements. Are we prepared, then, to risk a war with Runjeet Singh, which must bring in its train that of Burmah, Nepaul, and the Rajpoots, by forcing a passage through his territory to to Affghanistan ? The distance by the only good road through the Punjaub from Delhi to Cabool is 700 miles, and Herat 1,200. Any other line is circuitous, and from the sandy end mountainous nature of the country, next to impracticable for an army. The route by Shikarpoor and Sinde, to the extreme west of the Punjaub, is spoken of, but I doubt if it be practicable for artillery, and neither water, provisions, nor forage are procurable for an army of 30,000 men. If we include camp-followers, always a very nume rous body with an Eastern army, the number to be pro vided for will be at least 90,000. Time must be given to collect supplies, and money freely expended. We are not in a position to defy Runjeet Singh, who only waits a fit ting moment to dissolve his connection with our Govern ment—yet the necessity of occupying Affghanistan presses. The raising of the siege of Herat, if it lull us into a belief that all danger of invasion is past, will be disastrous. When has Russia abandoned a project once entertained—where has she placed her foot that she has not ultimately made good her ground ? It is understood that Lord Auckland has applied for an additional force from England, but how it is to be rendered in the present state of the army I am at a loss to conceive. The project of re-establishing Shoojah, the ex-King of Cabool, on the throne of the Affghans, is so impolitic, that I cannot believe it is put forward for any other purpose than to mask ulterior designs. All who know the man, and have a knowledge of the Affghans, entertain but one opinion on the subject. The tribes of Affghans have an antipathy to a monarchical Government, and love their own wild independence too well to desire the porn and expense s o f roya l ty . M y i nterview with the ex-King, and the information I obtained respecting him during a visit I made to Loodianah, satisfied me that whatever hi s personal qualifications, he is unfit to govern the Affghans, and never would be acceptable to them. Ahmud Shah, the Dooranee Chief had alone the military talent and ca pacity to unite the four millions of Affghans, and make the rival clans stifle, if they did not forget, their animosities. His descendant, Shoojah, is unpopular from the vain and foolish airs he gave himself during the short time he was in power. No deputation has invited him to the throne, and on what pretext then does our Government interfere in his behalf ? Did we desire to add to the difficulties we have to encounter in overcoming the Affghans, who, in ad dition to the succour Persia and Russia may afford, are promised the aid of Bokhara, we could not have devised any thing more effective than that of adopting Shoojah's pretensions, in opposition to the tribe of Barukzee, who hold the governments of Cabool and Ghiznee, that of Kandahar, and all the offices of State, and are possessed of great wealth and influence in the country. As to the probability of a Russian invasion of India, the Asiatic Journal and other writers, consider it a chimera from the impracticability of transporting a European army of sufficient strength for effective purposes beyond the Indus. So long as Persia and ACranistan preserve their independence, we have nothing to fear, but this once lost, Russia can accomplish all she desires with out incurring a risk of failure or a lavish expen diture of money. Were she to send a corps of 5,000 or 6,000 men into middle Asia or the Punjaub, it would form a nucleus for the nomade hordes of Tartars who would flock in thousands to her banner ready mounted and equipped, and content to serve in consideration of being allowed to retain the spoil they might gather on the plains of Delhi. Gengis Khan, Timour, Baber, and Nadir are examples of what may be accomplished in the way of levies in Central Asia by a leader of military renown ; and Rus sia, who has already incorporated Mussulmans in her armies, would have the advantage of European experience to organise her schemes and accomplish her plans. Whe ther such an expedition should succeed in conquering India, or merely in crossing the Sutlej, or entrenching itself be hind the Indus, disaster must follow in its train. Its proxi mity to our frontier would have the effect of raising all the Native Powers against us—of creating disaffection in our subjects—and adding enormously to our financial embar rassments. G. E. WESTMACOTT, Captain, Bengal Army. London, December 3, 1838. IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORDS, DEC. 4. This being the day to which Parliament stood prorogued, both Houses met profor»za. Shortly after two o'clock the LORD CHANCELLOR, the Marquis of LANSDOWNE, and Lord GLENELG, took their seats as Lords Commissioners, when the Lotto CHAN cEr.Loa directed the Usher of the Black Rod to summon the House o f C ommons to h ear h er M a j esty ' s C ommi ssion read for further proroguing Parliament. In a few minutes Mr. Rickman and a number of the officers of the Commons appeared at the bar, when her Ma jesty's Commission was read. The LORD CHANCELLOR then said, by virtue of the Commission j us t rea d , we declare this present Parlia ment prorogued until Tuesday, the sth day of February next, then to be here holden. Both Houses then were declared adjourned until the sth of February. Sir Robert Inglis was the only Member of the Commons present. NAPLES, Nov. 17.---Her Majesty the Queen Dowager of England sailed from this port the before ye s terday ; the weat h er was not very favourable. On the p rec edipg day h er M a j esty was present at the Theatre of St. Charl es , w h ere young Nourrit taa4 his debut with great applause, evening GOTTTNCrEN, Nov. 19.—We have now six hun dred students ; that 10 fewer icy 4hove two hundred than before the events of the 19th December last year. More than four hundred chambers are vacant. LITERATURE. LONDON AND WESTMINSTER REVIEW, No. LXIL _Hooper, London, 1838. We know of no quarterly periodical that has exhibited such striking evidences of improvement within the last year as the London and Westminster Review. Instead of run ing like a blind horse in a mill, the same eternal hackneyed round, and canvassing the same literary common-places, the Editor has ventured into tracts hitherto nearly untrodden, in quest of variety, and been singularly succesful in his search, in proof of which we may adduce his admirable essay, half critical, half biographical, on " Caricature," which appeared in a late number ; and the equally admir able articles entitled " The Martyr Age of the United States," and the " Songs of the Metropolis," which consti tute the chief recommendations of the one now before us, The " Martyr Age," which stands first in the number, gives a full and succinct history of the rise and progress of the American Abolition Societies from the year 1829, when they were first started, down to the pre sent, 1838, when they are actively on the stir throughout the United States, threatening, at no distant period, the entire overthrow of the accursed slave system. " Ten years ago," says the Reviewer, " there was external quiet on the subject of trans-atlantic slavery. Jefferson and other great men had prophecied national peril from it, and the institution had been abolished in some of the northern States, where the work of emancipation was easy ; but no such thing had been heard of as a comprehensive objection to the whole system ; the surface of society was heaving, but no one surge had yet broken into voice." At this period there rose one of those master-minds, who seem to be raised up by Providence for the express purpose of setting in motion a great moral revo lution. The name of this illustrious man—who still lives to do honour to human nature—was William Lloyd Garrison, and at the period of which we are speakin g (ten years ago), he was " a poor pr i nter ' s lad " gaining with difficulty " some superficial improvement in a country college." On reach ing manhood, he made himself intimately acquainted with the slave system, and struck with its horrors, made a sacred vow henceforth to devote himself exclusively to the cause. With this view, he commenced a course of lectures on the subject, which exposed him to fine, imprisonment, contumely, and every species of persecution most likely to work on a susceptible nature. But Garrison's spirit was not to be thus bowed down. In the cause of humanity he showed that he had nerves of iron. Living in a garret, on bread and water, he expended all his spare earnings and time in the publication of the " Liberator," now a handsome and flourishing newspaper, but in 1831 a small shabby sheet printed with old types. In the first number of this Journal the oracular and prophetic voice of the philanthropist thus broke forth :—" I will be harsh as truth, and uncompromising as justice. lam sternly in earnest. I will not equivocate. I will not excuse. I will not retreat a single inch—and I will be heard." And he has been heard ! Yes—the voice from the poor printer's garret has made itself heard throughout America. Its thunder has scared the southern planter from slumber, and been caught up and multiplied by a thousand echoes. At this present moment Abolition Societies are actively bestirring themselves in every nook and corner of the United States ; some of the noblest names which that country can boast, foremost among which is that of the ce lebrated ex-President, John Quincey Adams, are enlisted in the cause of emancipation—" to the death," as some of their manifestos nobly proclaim—and all this has resulted from the chance way-side seeds scattered by the poor, humble, unbefriended Garrison ! The wife of this transatlantic Howard is every way worthy of him, as will appear by the following anecdote, which relates to a public meeting, at Boston, of the heroic women of the " Anti-Slavery Society" there : " The women who were at the meeting of this memorable day were worthy of the occasion, not from being strong enough to follow the lead of such a female as Maria Chap man, but from having a strength independent of her. The reason of Garriso n b e i ng t h ere , was t h at h e went to escort his young wife, who was near her confinement. She was one of the last to depart, and it could not be concealed from her that her husband was in the hands of a ferocious mob. She stepped out of the window upon a shed, in the fearful excitement of the moment. He was in the extremest danger. His hat was lost, and brickbats were rained upon his head, while he was hustled along in the direction of the tar kettle, which was inheatig w h i t t h e e l i n p e s x o t f s t t h r e e street g T h w e o fe n l w y e w r • e o , r words w t h h i n i c k h s my c a h p o e s d . the band will not d en y hi s pr i nc i p l es—l am sure he will never deny his principles.' Garrison was rescued by a stout truck man, and safely lodged in gaol, without having in the least flinched from the consequences of his principles." The " Maria Chapman" spoken of in the above passage is one of those women whose rare and magnanimous quali ties have been drawn forth by the example of Garrison. She, too, like him, has braved the fiery ordeal of persecution, and held true to humanity even while the sound of death was ringin g in h er ears. " She was e d uca t e d," o b serves t h e Reviewer, "in England, in the enjoyment of wealth, luxury, and fashion, and married a merchant of Boston. She is a woman of rare, intellectual accomplishments, beau tiful as the day, tall in her person, and noble in her carriage, with a voice as sw ee t as a s il ver b ell, and speech as clear and sparkling as a running brook." Another of those master minds whom Garrison's example summoned to action was Elijah Lovejoy, who, after the roasting alive of the brave Scotch Abolitionist Mackintosh, by the blood thirsty miscreants of St. Louis, started a newspaper there, in which he spoke out boldly on the subject of that atro city. For this his press and types were destroyed, and he was driven to Alton, a town on the opposite side of the * Missouri, in the free State of Illinois. But here, too, he was just as unsafe as at St. Louis. Mob s cont i nua ll y be set his house, clamouring for his blood ; the tar-b arre l was heated in the street where he resided ; his steps were tracked by assassins ; and at last the vengeance of the po pulace rose to such a height, that the civil aut h or i t i es publicly summoned him before the, in the hope that they might prevail on him to ensure his safety by th e surren d er of the most obnoxious of his principles . A n d w h at was h i s heroic answer ? Here is a portion of it, as reported verbatim publish a newspaper by a person who was present :--. which was given me I feel, Mr. Chairman , . that is the most . solemn moment of my life. Ido not admit that it is the business of this assem sht hallo o i r t_ shall 1; 7 1 : by my Maker, and is solemnly guaranteed . to me by the Con stitution. What I wish to know . of . you is, whether you will in the exercise of this right, or whether, as protect me here tofore, I am to be subjected to personal indignity . and outrage. As for compromise, what have Ito compromise ? If freely to • those who have so greatly injured . roe ;if to pray for forgive their temporal and eternal happiness ; .. if still to wish for the prosperity of your State,. notwithstanding all . the indignities I hav e suffered in it ; if this be the compromise intended, then do I willi n gly make it. But if by a compromise is mea n t th at I should cease doing that which duty requires of me, then I cann o t—dare not—make it. And the reason is, th a t I f ear God, m o r e than I fear man 1 An awful voice comes t o me calling upon m e in the name of all that is dea r t o h eaven or earth, to stand fast; and , by the help of God, I WILL STAND ! I know lam but one, and you are many. Y ou may crush me, if you will, but I shall die at my post. You cannot disgrace me. Scandal, falsehood, and calumny have don e th e i r worst. My shoulders have borne the burden till it sits easy upon them. Yon may b an g me up as the mob hung up the individuals at Vicksburg; you may burn me at the stake, as they burnt Mackintosh, at St. !otus; you may t ar an d f eather me, and throw me into the Mississippi, as you have often threatened to do ; but you cannot disgrace me 1 I alone can disgrace myself, and the deepest of all disgrace would be, at a ti me lik e this, to deny my Master by forsaking his cause. He died for me, and I were most unworthy to bear his name, should I refuse, if need be, to die for him." __, ........, ___ In order to feel the full heroism of this reply, the reader must bear in mind the position in which Lovejoy was placed, at the moment of it s d e li very. A ferocious mob is thundering outside the d oors o f t h e Assembly-house ; voices are heard even within the - hall calling aloud for his blood ; not a voice—not so much as one poor solitary voice—is heard to plead in his favour, for his very judges are his enemies ; s v i e la ri p n e g , t s h t a i s r e r s e phiy him! i nt Yet lie t r i a l () c u e , g h h i s d e s a p t i h r i , t i (i n u i a t s i l s m n o o s t t such is the . frightf u l position in which Lovejoy is placed appalling h before the ghastly vision, but is calm and undisturbed, as if assured of perfect safety. In the whole annals of history we know of no su b limer instance of moral courage than this. It soars in its pure, simple grandeur " above all Greek, above all Roman fame." We need scarcely add that Love joy was murder e d . Three days after he had made this magnanimous r emonstrance, he was found dead in his room, with five bullets in his body. His age was thirty-two, But he has not died i n vain. From his ashes a stern, indestruc tible spirit ,, has arisen that goes forth " conquering and to conquer. The opposition to slavery is now universal throughout the N ort h ern States, and Garrison states that he hopes to live to see t h e day when not a vestige of the fiendish system sh a ll b e l e f t i n Amer i ca . G o d grant t h at his sanguine prediction may be justified by the event 1 , 'We have mentioned the chief article in this Number, but there ar e several others well worthy of nottco." Prince Napoleon L ou i s, and his Prospects, " iis written in a tone of great mod erat i on and impartiality, and justly observes ticable in Prance, that a revolution, by means of the army, is no longer prep head,. will not do so for the expulsi i an 4D.f d man, but of a principle, that of a fioapcial and trading Aristocracy, re who, " if she again lift up her degraded Simonide s " is a brief biographical sketch of this eminent Greek lyric writer, of whom little is known. The article ,. " Yankeeana' . is a a i ly fe t l i v Ae s s p p ir n i r t i e o d usk r i n g s hi ti p ol:, o s,. fthe Orleans branch." a crit;ei 4 m p,n . the peculiarities of SamAnerian discriminating In d. a t i n as el;bibited in the poPubq warkz Jack Downing, and Colonel qpackett. " Songs of . the Metropolis," is an amusing and novel theme, treated in •,,, light, of Slick, familiar manner. It is an account of som . , i 3 i it . q l fa - .0-rite rite flash songs of London, from whict tins, Ai eviewvx draws . several ingenious inferenc,—. ',` A ieloise and Abelard" is humour, full of interestinm fl,f tion, an d condems the charactcharacter. . _ „,:, . arkna ANSWERS. Suppose the manufacturers were to say, " Without a tax on home-grown corn, there are such and such classes of spinning jennies we find remunerating. But enliven the demand for goods to purchase foreign corn, by a duty of ten per cent upon home-grown, and we have such and such other machines, now laid by as incompetent, which would remunerate us instantly ; we demand therefore to be re munerated. And if instead of ten you would make the duty twenty, there is yet another class of machines, quite worthless to us now, which would remunerate immediately. We hope that Parliament will immediately fix us a rea sonable standard of remuneration. The only rule by which manufactures can be adequately protected is this, that home-grown corn shall not, at any time, or under any cir cumstances, be admitted for sale, in any part of her Ma j esty's European dominions, until the price falls below what' the Legislature shall deem to be a reasonable standard of remuneration to the British owner of spinning-jennies." This would display all the unreasonableness, and no more, of the demand for remuneration put forward by the owners of the land. Why is the owner of the one kind of machinery, to have his bad machines made remunerating out of his neighbours' pockets, any more than the other 294.—Without such protection, no country, burdened with a load of taxes, can stand a competition with poor nations, nearly untaxed, who live scantily on homely fare, whose rents are paid in prod uce , an d w h ose cattle or horses employed in labour, cost but a trifle, and are cheaply maintained. The plan of exclusion, therefore, until symptoms of scarcity appear, is essential ; and no encouragement ought to be given, to the culture of foreign countries, with British capital, unless from necessity. —ld. A.—Why not the manufacturers equally set up the plea, that it is impossible for a country to stand a competition with poor nations, nearly untaxed, and whose labourers live scantily on homely fare, unless its own manufactures are protected by a duty upon home-grown corn ? All the rea son shown for the one, is good for the other. 295.-It is a most unfortunate circumstance, that any in dividual, friendly to agriculture, should be inclined to give up the protection by averages, "which is the only one that can be safety relied on." Importation on a fixed duty, without re ference to the average price of home produce, may suit the speculative merchant, but would ruin agriculture. The farmer must be enabled to form some general idea, of the price be is likely to receive for the grain he raises, otherwise he cannot calculate, what rent he ought to agree to pay,—ls hat quantity of land to cultivate for grain, —what nu m b er o f l a b ourers to hire,—and whether i t would be advisable for hint to engage in expensive improvements.—ld. A.—lf the manufacturers were trying to bring their in ferior spinning-jennies into action by taxing the landlords' corn, they might urge the same arguments for doing it by means of a system of averages. But precisely because this was most convenient to them, it ought to be opposed by everybody else. " Neither the averages nor the fixed duty,"—would be what all wise people would demand. 29G.—How is it possible that any calculation of - the probable prices of grain can be formed, ff the whole world is opened to the efforts of speculation ?—ld. A.—And so the whole world is to be shut to commerce, that landlords may better calculate the probable amount of their unjust rents. 297.—Dependence on a fixed duty therefore, unless at a rate higher than ever could be enforced, would discourage the British farmer, whom it affects to protect ; would expose him to that uncertainty which he most deprecates ;—ld. A.—Let all these objections and inutilities be carefully noted, when the proposal is made for a fixed duty ; which will be the next attempt. By all means, do not discourage the British farmer by affecting to protect him with a fixed duty. 298. —and is far from securing to him the command of the home market, to which he has so just a claim, for it is impossi ble to know, how cheap corn may be grown in other countries, or what may be the rashness of speculators, in importing quan tities of foreign corn, which they may be compelled to sell, even with a loss.— ld. A.—A man has a just claim to get a certain price from you, because there is no knowing how cheap you may get the article somewhere else. Fancy this transferred to the ge neral concerns of life ; and what would, by the end. of the week, have become of the proposer ? 299.—The dealers in foreign corn say " that abroad, the price of wheat is so high, that a duty ofl2s. per quarter would be sufficient." But even 20s. on what may be bought at Odessa for 14s. or 155., and in Sicily also for 19s. per quarter, would be no adequate protection, because the merchant not only buys the corn cheap, but may receive, 1. Advan tages from the state of the exchange ; and, 2. Mercantile pro. fits on the goods sent abroad, in return for the grain imported. He may therefore lose by the grain be imports to the ruin of the British farmer, (for the effects of a small addition to a quantity already sufficient are well known), but ho may gain by the whole speculation, when lie exports goods, as well as imports grain. No attainable protecting duty therefore, can be effectual. —ld. A.—A duty must be laid on corn, because it might otherwise be bought for 19s. a quarter in Sicily, and 14s. in Odessa, and a gain be made on the manufactures exported besides. So long as men will receive such a reason, let them receive it. 300.—Besides, if foreign grain wero to be at all admissible, the rate of admission is of little consequence ; for the pro prietors in poor countries, as Poland and Russia, who receive their rents in kind, umst sett it at any price it will fetch.—ld, A.—Why de not they do the same now ? The question is of no consequence, except as showing the vagueness of the arguments on which men are advised to pay double for their bread. 301.--But the most material objection to a fixed duty is this, that when most wanted, it would not be enforced. If the price became very high, no government would venture to exact a tax upon corn.—/d. A.---There is no doubt, that one of the mischiefs of a graduated duty is, that it gives way whenever popular re sistanco is most likely to accumulate. It produces there fore a given pressure on the community, with the least danger to the actors engaged ; in which it does the work of the valve to a steam-engine. It may be truly said, that without the valve, no government could meet the chances of explosion from a tax on corn. 302. —The payment of the duty would be suspended, though the entire ruin of the farmer would result from it.--/d. A.—The ruin of the expectations lie bad built upon an unjust price of corn. Or more exactly, the ruin of the ex pectations his landlord had formed of increased rents upon the same. For the farmer would fall back upon the land lord ; or better still, he would preserve himself by pru dence in hia engagements as other men do, if he was not tempted into gambling, by the assurance that his landlord can go to Parliament and take the difference out of the pockets of the community when he pleases. 303.—1 t has been well observed, that a fixed duty upon the importation of foreign corn, would be a mere delusion upon the British corn grower. The present system is founded upon the principle, of affording to the farmer, a compensation dur ing years of abundance, for the loss which, in seasons of scarcity, he is d oome d to sustain, by the laws of nature and humanity.—ld. A.—Why does not Le find his compensation as other , pok.:10 kie , , , trviithout a t ax ? The palpable oh** is, to find a uewpensation for the variation of tbo seasons, uponfla 6 stones, fi 3 , °4 7 — T i , , «! Projects of superseding this system, by opposing 4 • 4 .11 4 mere device, to deprive thq british corn of the latter, as much as it exalts that of the former. Of the political article on " Lord Durham's Return," we have already spoken ; we need say, therefore, nothing more in this place. Altogether, the Number is an excellent one. CORN-LAW FALLACIES, WITH THE (Continued from The Sun of Wednesday.) 293.—0 n the System of protecting averages , as indispensa ble for the safety of the British Farmer. —The only rule by which agriculture can be adequately protected is this, " That foreign grain shall not, at any time, or under any circumstances, be admitted for sale, into any part of his Majesty's European dominions, until the price rises beyond what the Legislature shall deem to be a reasonable standard of remuneration to the British farmer."—On the Corn Laws. By the Right Hon. Sir John Sinclair, Bart. Addenda to " The Code of Agri culture." No. rr.—( Continued.] ANSWER.—What is the legislature to "deem a reason able standard of remuneration to the British farmer ?" He can get remuneration and pay a rent out of the better kinds of land, without any exclusion of foreign corn at all. He can do so out of the sand at high-water mark, if through the exclusion of other corn the wants of the public create a sufficient price. And when the public has consented to remunerate him for growing corn on the sand at high water mark, it will be asked to remunerate him for growing it on flag-stones next. The remuneration demanded, is for doing what no man has a right to be remunerated for. It is as if a messenger should demand to be remunerated, for hopping all the way on one leg. Nobody asked him to put himself to the trouble ; there were plenty of people to carry it at a lower price on two. But the artifice is not so much with the farmers as the landowners. The landowners inveigle the farmer into an engagement for such rent, as can only be paid by his re ceiving a forced price from the public ; and then the land lords go into their places in Parliament and say, " Do you not sce that this price is absolutely necessary to give re muneration to the farmer ? Diminish it and he will be be hindhand with his engagements ; he must take part of his expected profit to pay his rent ; he must be a ruined man, unless preserved by the forbearance of his landlord." The secret being all the time, that rent is the thing mainly at stake. The farmer may have a certain interest, in seeing the sand at high-water mark brought into cultivation, and thus the land on which farming capital can be employed in creased. But it is the landlord who has the sweeping interest, in getting rent from land where in justice he would have none. 305. —lndeed the Government has been compelled, in timer of scarcity, to grant a bounty on importation. How then can A DUTY be enacted?—/d. A.—lt is true enough. The landlords naturally regret their valve. They will make up their minds, to do without either one or the other. (TO BE CONTINUED.) CASE OF MARY WOOLFREY. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Plymouth, Dec. 1, 1838. Sin,—The case of Mary Woolfrey having excited con siderable attention in the country, it may not prove unin teresting to your numerous readers, and especially the Clergy, to learn from me that a similar instance of praying for the souls of the dead exists in the county of Cornwall, under the spiritual jurisdiction of that well known Pre late., Bishop Phillpotts. Nearly every Cornishman well knows St. Neots, its beautifully ornamented church is the pride of the county, richly-stained windows present to the de lighted eye pictures of its patrons and saints; added to this the situation on which it stands, renders it one of the most interesting spots in the county. But in all parts of this holy place, pious Christians, who understand are requested to " pray for the souls of the dead." If, Sir, judgment is pronounced against the Catholic widow for the possession of an unhealthy soul, she may with justice pIePA ignorance, and whatever punishment is inflicted on her must, if the kiw is no respecter of person, fall on the Bishop of Exeter, who cannot advance the plea of igno rance. Persecution has never yet effected its object, and if the Clergy of the Establishment would understand th , 3 " signs of the times," they would hesitate in appearing before the public with such cases as that of Mary Woolfrey. An inscription considered heretical in a churckrard, must also be heretical in a church. I am, Sir, your obedient servant , J. H.F. EAST INDIA SHIPPING. Arrived. -The John Deniston, Barker, from Bonal'ay, in the Downs, sailed Aug. 10, St. Helena Oct. 16 ; Achilles, Duncan, from Ceylon, in the Downs, sailed fro.' Colombo Aug. 15, Point de Galle Aug. 23, Mauritius Bept. 5, Cape Oct. 1, and St. Helena Oct. 15 ; Anna Maria, Edwards, from China, at Bristol, sailed July 12, and St. Helena, Oct. 6. Arrivals in Table Bay (Cape of Good Hope).he Comet, Sept. 15 ; Conch, Bell, Sept. 16 ; and Helen, Hen derson, Sept. 17, all from Algoa Bay; David, Adair, Sept. 19, from Rio Janeiro ; Gironde (F.), Pacilly, Sept. 19, from. Nantes ; Maitland, Baker, Sept. 19, from London ; Rich. mond, M`Leod, Sept. 2 0, f rom London, and sailed on t) - , a 28th for Calcutta ; Hamilton Ross, Robb, September r:lst, from London ; Mauritian, Reed, Sept. 21, from Liv,rpool ; St. George, Weakner, Sept. 22, from Greenorftt. und Oban, for New South Wales; Yeoman, Rogers, Sept. 27, from Boston ; Gazelle, Robertson, Sept. 28, Sep Liverpool; Hero, Wright, Sept. 29, from Al'; 4 - oa. Bay. Departures from Table Bay (Cape of Good Hope ).-The Munster Lass, Carrew, Sept. 19, for St. Helena ; Argyll, M'Donald, Sept. 20, for Bombay • Herald, Watt, Sept. 20, for Ceylon ; Maitland, Baker, gept. Herald, for New South Wales; Velox, Falconer, Sept. 26, for Algoa Bay; Courier, Proudfoot, Sept. 28, for Algoa Bay ; True Briton, Beacb, Sept. 28, for Madras. Arrivals in Algoa Bay,-The Transit, Cobern, Sept. 12, from Table Bay ; Mazeppa, Tate, Sept. 16, from Mauritius; Arab, Lower, Sept. 17, from Table Bay. Departure from Algoa Bay.- 21, for K uysma. The Jemima, Findl ay , S ept. Arrival in Symon's Bay.-Her Maesty's s L saLquet, i n Oct. from Mauritius (saile j d loth hip Sept.)eret, Bo- Arrival at St. Helena. -The La Grange, Brown, Oct. 15, from Sumatra, fn; Trieste. Arrivals a!,, China _The Ty rer , Elli s, July 7, from Liver pool ; I, :icly Gra n t, J e ff rey, July 7, from Bombay and Singa pore. Arrival at Siam. -The Catherine, Ditchin, in June from Singapore. Arrival at the Cape of Good Hope.-The Madras, Hen niker, O c t. 1 , from London to Launceston, Van Diemen's Land. All well. If the following notice of the recent meeting of the Precursor Society be not absolutely proof demonstrative of the Post' s peculiar politcssc, it wer e at least rather difficult to imagine what more conc l us i ve evidence of mortification could be adduced. The Post naturally enough loses its temper, seeing that its party now wins neither smiles nor sovereigns. Still downright abuse and nicknames ought to be avoided :—" The great omnibus and mail coachman of this green isle (Ireland), Mr. Peter Purcell, presided to day at the Rebel, or Precursor Association, at the Corn Exchange. Great additions were announced to the lists of the Precursors, but the Agitator was sadly • down i' the mouth.' The public are sickened with the stuff which this antique driveller pours forth from day to day. The result of his mission to the ragmen of Mary's-lane, was evidence„ by Arkins, the King of that classic region, howling in 401. as he said himself (without any deduction ), I t was de tained f rom 8 00 Precursors, who were able to wa ll op 1600 Oastlers.'" NEW MOTIVE POWER Ch .--The W orcestershire ronicle says--- , . We have been favoured by a Correspcn_ dent with the following account of an invention which, if what is said of it be correct, promises to make some stir in the world :—" Her Majesty's letters patent have been granted to Mr. Bryon l'Anson Bromwich, of Clifton -on-Tome, in this county, for an improved method of propelling all kinds of ma chinery, both stationary and locomotive. The p3wer is of equal magnitude to that of steam ; it can be obtained at one sixteenth part of the cost of that power, witho the incum brance of a boiler, and its ponderous and objectionable ap pendages ; consequently, carriages constructed almost as light and elegant as those now drawn by horses, can be propelled by this power along the common roads or railways at any speed consistent with safety. As a motive power applied to ships and boats, it Rill be invaluable, there being no danger from explosion, nor any annoyance from smoke, steam, or noise ; and the space now devoted to the boiler, fuel, &c., will b 0 at liberty to be more profitably employed. The inven tion will be submitted to the ordeal of public opinion as soon as the patent rights for France, Belgium, and Holland have been disposed of." A man named John Heycroft, about forty years of age, residing in Gloucester-mews, Portman-square, who has been from his youth a gentleman's coachman, but for a long time out of a situation, had lately at intervals exhibited strong symptoms of insanity. His wife had been for the last few days attending the wife of a baker, named Brown, in Spring-street, Paddin g t on , an d on Saturday afternoon was sent for from thence by her husband with a message. that he had something particular to say to her ; she imw.e. diately hurried home, and on entering her apartment he, without saying a word, seized the poker, and aiming t blow at her head felled her to the ground, and while she lay continued violently beating her with the saute weapon. Her cries having at length alarmed the neighbours, they rushed in, when the infuriated man, catching up a knife which lay on the table, made a desperate attempt to cut his own throat, but his arm was fortunately arrested, the skin being only slightly grazed. Mr. Carter, surgeon, of Dorset street, was immediately sent for to attend the wife, and, on examination, discovered that her skull and jaw bone were fractured, besides being otherwise injured. She now lies in a very dangerous state. Heycroft was at length cured and con veye d on a stre tcher - by four policemen to the Mary., lebone Infirmary, where he remains in a state madness. H e was a l ways a remarkably quiet and sober man. On Friday a f ternoon an inquisition was taken be.. fore Mr. Payne and a Jury, at St. Thomas's Hospital, oon the body of James Saunders, aged 70, late a resident of Sutton, in Surrey. It appeared that about twenty minutes past eight o'clock on the evening of the 21st inst. t'ae de ceased, whose sight was bad, was in the act of crossing over London Bridge, on the Surrey side, when .he pole of the Bromley stage, driven by Mr. Geary, the proprietor, ran against the deceased, and knocked him down. The horses trampled over the deceased, and broke the bones of the back of the right hand, and laid the joint of the thumb bare. He was conveyed to the above hospital, and in consequence of mortification taking place, he died on Thursday morning. No blame was attached to the pro prietor o f the coach, and the Jury returned a verdict of " Accidental Death." NATIONAL LOAN FUND—DEFERRED ANNIu/.. TlEs.—On Friday evening last, a lecture was delivered in the Court House, Rotherham, by the Rev. W. T. Butler, M.A., Rector of St. Nicholas's, Nottingham, on def erre d annuities, and the benefits to be derived by the workin g that 'pl classes from the National Loan Fund Society. The, an of deferred annuities had been opened to the publie . , b y Society, so that persons were enabled by induF',,ry and fru gality in early life, to secure from small inyet l : cments, a pro vision for their declining years. The I .ecturer ill us t ra t e d the benefits to be derived from tl- ;* t Society by diff eren t calculations, and he clearly pro , ; e O . i ts superiority over any o ther, as the best investrne ''.'t for savin gs . Th e R ev. Gen tleman observed that p-, personal inter es t h a d i n d uce d hi nt to deliver this lect; ':re—he w as ac t uate d by no other motive, but for the bcr a di t of the working classes,—he was not the agent r:.; any society, neither had he any shares in the I\ Troonal Loan Fund Society. At the conclusion of the ',ecture, the Rev. W. A. Shirley, Rector of Whiston, moved a vote of thanks to Mr. Butler, which was warmly responded to by the audience.—(From the Doncaster Ga zette. grower of this equitable compensation, without giving him any adequate equivalent. It would fail him in his ►.'tmost need, and place him in a most invidious position, in rel %don to the rest of his fellow subjects.—.M. A.—lf the merchant and manufacturer demanded a tax, as the means of enabling them to insure against the effects of weather, would they place themselves " in a most invi dious position" or not ? Why cannot the landlord insure against the seasons, without a tax ? The plain English is, he wants to increase his rents at other people's expense, in foul weather and fair.