The Sun. — London, England, 1838-11-14 00:00:00

_.,,. ,A 1) , t roPg 0 06 opor'' W l ' Cb a 0 1), fro c, Quebe wailer' fro ° de, fro o 11 1 : rig er: G°t f bo eo° ler, fr° 0 1 io- , P l9terr goer Sin c"i t r o ' ile s in 0 a tioo,- g e aP rd ' aw l 1 0001' ~,.., CLRCULAR Wrsoson, Nov. 13 —Her Majesty, accompanied by the Duchess of Knt, rode out on horseback to-day, with a large party from Cattle, including the fan. 71.1iss Cavendish, - 1 ; 4 1 oness Le' oxen, Miss Quentin, Viscount Melbourne, the czairqudi' =o,rAvrigham, the Earl of Fingal!, the Hon. Colonel Lunv,eine-is4, t he Hon. William Cowper, General Sir William L 0 and General Sir George Quentin. th e "a Byron an d M r. Rarl of Fi n Rich took their departure to-day ; gall arrived at the Castle, and succeeds Lord 4"Li ron as the L ord in Waiting on the Queen. ;: eut enant- Col one l William Drummond, of the Scots Fu aillileyr tGhiusaervdesn,iwngil.l have th e h onour o f di n i ng w i th the Royal rnde Th d e Duk e of C ambridge came to town yesterday, at bridge-hoColonel J ones. His Royal Highness left Cam- Mr. Niayse at fi ve o ' c l ock for Kew. yester. , Co nsu l -G eneral of the Netherlands, left town —ague. " 4 aY morning, w i t h di spatches from M. Dedel, for the Thi Chancellor of the Exchequer left town on Monday eien'ng, for Hastings. peC.:",eral Alava, t h e Spanish Minister, transacted business at the Foreign Office. lThe M arquis and Marchioness of Lansdown e a n d a s ma ll on dined with Lord Holland, at Holland-house, Kensing on Monday evening. h e m Ararquis Conyngham left town on M on d a y, on a v i s it Majesty, a Windsor Castle. 11 lON AB LE INTELLIGENCE. ARRIVALS. ~,:rhe Earl and Countess of Sefton and the Ladies Moly eul, in Arl ington -street, from Stoke Farm, Bucks ; Captain ""Y, of the Grenadier Guards, at the Lansdowne Hotel, fot3nvteirli-esntrteeit ; the Countess of Surrey, in Hamilton-place, ,r.Pin Wiudsor Castle ; Mr. Charles Standish, M. P., from a /i ota , . a tour ; W. Turner, Esq., Minister to Colombia, v.. _ ms seat in Leicestershire; Lord Save and Sele, in G.ros ,oner.. 44 a tr eet) from his seat, the Belvedere, near Dorking b .`-' Eglinton at the Clarendon Hotel, from the north ; Mr. t ditt ' `4• '' erinistr lnn M. P from ditto ; Lord and Lady John Scott, a nd „.::,, from their seat, Whitchurch, Warwickshire ; the Earl ft__ Countess of Galloway and family, in Grosvenor-square, rn their seat, Fasher House, North Britain ; Mr. and Mrs. illi arn. . tad I) otopford, in Chester-square, from a visit to the Hon. ford Robert Stopford, at Windsor; Lord George Beres -14,/ a ; in Charles • strect, St. James's from R ansgate; the Si r -c l ui s of Lansdowne, from Blwood Park, Wilts; Admiral ,41atnes Witshed, at Nerot's Hotel, Clifford-street, from uz rook p ar , , Sussex. ce t LATE S IR ROBERT GRANT.—We per soll've,,._b /I Ythe Current num b er o f t h e O r i enta l H era ld t h a t the p ublie ript ions for the formation of a fund,.to be devoted to the oa th enternernoration of this lamented lade, idual,had amounted e 12th Sept. to very nearly 37,000 rupees* n_llle report about the law courts yesterday s that such "'a as to 1:7. atate of health of Mr. Baron Bolland is hr s 'e but little hope that his Lordship will be able to . resume aintieifßeial duties, and already several names are mentioned,. in ba t ' Pation of the probable vacancy consequent upon the resig. 'licit " ch i ! his Lordship. Among other names that of the So_ li c i t ch i is particularly mentioned. Cr With regret we announce the death of Mrs. Anne lind ati o t t 'i°f Laggan, the author of "Letters from the Mountains," We e k , er w ell-knovvn works. She died at Edinburgh last t ., arid was in her 84th year. t b '3inelair is engaged at Drury-lane, and will make hi s llicebarance with Graham in Rossini' s o pe ra o f Willi am T e ll, - will shortly b e p ro d uce d t h ere. beriaili!riactions have been sent from the Lord Cham of h er e . er.;8 -office to prep are t h e Royal Pavilion for the arrival _ majesty and the Court on Thursday the 30th inst. bitlitl'e Hanoverian and Sicilian Ministers transacted tas yesterday at th e F ore i gn - o ffi ce . be at ° . 41 Abinger will gi ve a gran d dinner on Saturday ' 11l New -street, Spring Gardens. , 1 General Lord and Lady William Bentilick th g e av G e re a e n n p.elatit dinner last evening at Vernon House, o ItZtisteo her Grace the Duchess-Countess fSu l t e herland, Col. Post k, and a select party of twelve. His Lordship has • n his departure for Paris sine die. . Pr ince to , , and Princess Eugene Ga , garin are expected itatzetrit:freo,n:vith their suite, at G . ould s Hotel, Albemarle- Rotterdam. Their Highnesses have been making 10 111 or 01 Italy and sojourned some time at Rome. 13 Highness the Grand Duke of Lucca intends Hi s a" Mivart's Hotel in a few days, for a tour L l3 Ri b t ah li e i re w n il e l ss, who will be accompanied by Baron de ow. not be absent from town more than ten days. $ ,4-,Tince Wiasemski returned to Mivart's Hotel t on f C 11 ( 4); night, from a visit . to Newstead Abbey, the sea ear ly ,e, Wildman. The Prince leaves Mivart's Hotel at an b Y ° ur this morning,with dispatches for the Russian em 'BBY at Paris. 1 ' l , h e Earl and Countess of Darlington, accompanied fr o a dY Augusta Poulett, have arrived at Melton Mowbray 1; r e their seat near Shrewsbury. The Noble Earl purposes utiti eg With Lord Suffield's fine hounds during the season.. The Earl of Errol arrived at Pembroke Lodge, in l aw, mond Park, on Monday, from a visit to his brother-in .t„,. Ilaniel Gurney, Esq., at his seat in Norfolk. The Rl`._'es H y have also arrived at Pembroke Lodge from -,ne's vaastle. t _ Sir Henry Halford has arrived in Curzon-street . 'OM his seat, Winton Hall, near Market Harborough. h Sir s 3 4 :en_r ave his first dinner toher Royal Highness the Duc e n s d Gl Y ou g cester, the Duchess-Countess of Sutherland, Lorda La dy Cowley, and a distinguished party, on Saturday evening... d ; The Earl of Howth having recovered from his . m . - •-. 8 - • . Pesnion, left the London Hotel, Albemarle-street, to join the hunt at Melton Mowbray. t f t „,°p3.. and Lady Maryborough .. will receive the Duke la 'vellington and a distinguished party at Deal Castle, dur a4 tile ensuing week. The Castle has been newly furnished, ' received many additional embellishments. cla t 4 es a ior-Gen era l Si r Henry Wheatley at present offi retai .aa Private S ecretary to t h e Q ueen, t h e G a l lant Off i cer ' li ng 'he Keepership of the Privy Purse. e t , o 4 , tirriiral the Hon. Charles Elphinstone Fleming, rai - ;7 t c c:. Lord Elphinstone, will succeed, it is understood, Ad. kat- Sir Phil D rham as Commander-in-Chief at Ports_ " 11 in April u p next. !...,I,,"it RAL OF THE LATE LADY J9 11 .1:4 itUSSELL. hufbue mortal remains of the above lament .act and distinguished tt:iere deposited on Saturday mor...ing, at to o'clock, in kek 4lni lY vault of the Duke of Tedford in Chenies Church. Man, ow.l i t R T ie h ke ma in n o s a w r o n r f t t or valcade assembled at the Green 414eratIshire te:arn't7,7Fl 11 Wing ord whence it moved forward in the fol rst. The Duke of Bedford's Bucking. Third orseback. Second. Fourteen coteshorse llo"triders. The hearse, drawn by four black oia Ivith three pages on each side. Fourth. Four Z - I, lll g eoaches I the first were Lord John Russell, 'l' ri Iv ern, the carriage e called at the residence of Lord Liat°Webs'eY Russell, the Rector, and Charles and Thomas heetiti,;',B,lre., brothers to the deceased lady ; the second Itl ss ell — a „,l ll ,,e Marquis of Tavistock and his sons, Lord ~.--qui and L.ord Edward Russell ; the third contained . the h'etetikh," Abereorn, the Hon. Charles A. Gore, private ,illie -7, to Lord John Russell, and William Russell, Esq., I;;P'a w d c ," ° ,, t he . Duke of Bedford ,• in the fourth were ht Lord livate '"eatleS ; and then followed a numerous train of 'Res. t etirriages. The service was read by the Hon. and Of whroisther Barrington, the curate, during the performance . oft)es : s h the noble widower ' was so deeply affected, that it e ~.eted he would hP e swooned. After the conclusion (11 Ab "Leurnful eerer av L d John Russell, the Marquis t l l4 4o :r wh:, and "che -l o; n h Y e ' r mourners returned to the Rectory A kttiv " their carriages called to convey them to . t b heir Nark eto - Lord John returning to Cashio ury d t he a nee'' under bill 'eo tt ~. rrangements were the direction of Mr. t o h e sttre',..°l Great Russell -street, the . Duke of Bedford's NC bee ' The inscription on the coffin stated her Ladyship INtt born in Of /ft k 180 7. iAn• AIL.--We last week directed the attention o ttrti e t tliereantile readers to the advantages which would a -44 e th , is tow n, if the route of the London mail was changed, e4"a..rth "anietitt.ers.se'nt by coach from Rugby station, via Lutter th4 e the ,Leicester. We again advert to the subject, be he a ti , ' eaan ge we recommend would secure to Sheffield . all ai t t r ,aPoli t/ s ta ges of a direct railway communication with the lif t ; he m t ,"4 all that appertains to correspondence. As yet, ~(e to ntrations that have latterly been made have added but 'Nu `.4 facilities for general correspondence.—Sheifield ti rY tint, e r a• -b, p . Jesty's steam-packet Prospero returned to lAy o. oint Yesterday (Thursday) morning, for a fresh s.up .l4tie 1 c oals, hay. F ou'n e Tuesday morning, vaialy ') b 4 % ° , l2r ing to ite o g w b th ee old t e s o l al e hulk, Tortoise, to Sheerness. )11 e 4 4 , 4 ;ri l tii n r° 2 B _,Was the weather and such an extremely heavy 7k... In fr, Ai, that when off the coast of . Ireland, on Wednesday it et eop' st t le Parted both cables, leaving the old ship to the er . o Colpe,4lll Packet only, with a single hawser. The Pro tOrs, biaitteed within . a certain distance of her for about four t o ter ~ ' " r coals being nearly exhausted, she made the best aile r t a ..!'„ege for Milford Haven, the Tortoise then drifting Itil" 41 1 e " l sh Coast and with every prospect of going on shore,. e tt taowdearB2° unmanageable. Fortunately, the wind shifted 1 4 al itoad:d, whereby the Tortoise was enabled to reach 41 %afett, Yesterday morning some hours after the Prosp er o,_ eoa,s '...,;., The Meteor returned shortly afterwards for 1 Ittv,anzbrian. day ev„1:11'WSIIIRE POLITICAL UNION.--On Mon ;"e inET e g, a n u h rner ß o e u n s fr a e n l, d sh h ir i s g e hly respectable meeting of ' ll kp -r a,,uer s of w elo'' ' s aird's e t h -e r Political Union was held W e il, th e h _ . r 1 1 1 ch, St. Jame 's -street, Paisley. At eight ts ell . li ed in ni for coma ens business, the Church was , eat: of busine_vssery quarter, and shortly after the commence_ toe et . 4 rid p ass : the house was filled even to the backmost The business before the , ,!,,rig was then in . the gallery. lie.,',4ationatle.sending of a delegate to London, and passing sa d ars on, t,k-;h_arter, both of which e were agreed to. Mr. Mr. Purdie, Ntotrher spnee i t c ; e h rs airrnan, opened the business. length, addressed the talloi!no,tinnig.7eTtilineag roefs'oluatti considerablet)ught forward related to the 11"„°1ntt14;:t meet m embers of the ro National Convention, and f to : 1 1: : : :: : : : :: f i oe ,s tebseso ling v t ) h , the NN Reformers uta r, ,ui o o u f i) L , a i . n , ,alr,kt.,i, _d, and dßenre warmlyw 4p hi or il l , re _ ,tai appointment of th . ese ,, delegates. The 1 0 4 ; 41 'd itit e u z Y , t ke meeting, which was one of the most . nunier- J zear i n - door meetings we have seen in Paisley S. CORN-LAW FALLACIES, WITH THE ANSWERS. ( Continued from The Sun of Monday.) 246.--It is felt to be superfluous, in short, to reiterate argu ments, with which the champions of the free. trade party have never yet had the courage or the honesty to grapple.—lllorn ing Herald, Nov. 9,183 M. Answer.—An argument must be very unlucky, if it has never been hit after all the cross-firing there has been. Where are these arguments ? out with them condescend once more, and put the enemy to open shame. [N.B.—The authority cited, speaks of " yesterday ;" which is probably a mistake, as nothing on the subject ap pears on the day preceding, unless it has been in another edition. Which is only mentioned, to guard against the suspicion of intentional omission.] 247. —The Corn-law rhymers, and the Corn-law catechists, and the opponents, in all their varieties, of the Corn-laws, contrive to occupy themselves much more agreeably in re. peatina themselves, and in echoing each other, than they would be likely to do, in the attempt to subvert manfully, and in ac cordance with the laws of logic, the reasonings of the men who stand up in support of the cause of native industry.—ld. A.—The poor men have done their best. But it ap pears they have missed something. Perhaps they have answered it, and the opponent does not know. He should remember, the question is not what he knows of, but other people. 248.--The general question of free trade—including, of course, the question of Corn-laws—is a vital question between the whole body of native producers on the one hand, and the small but formidable minority of idle consumers on the other. The whole body of native producers have one paramount in terest—an interest, namely, in securing a high value for la bour, and all its products. The body of idle consumers, on the contrary, have a deep interest in cheapening labour, and all its products—because as the price of labour, and of its products lessens, to does the power of idle consumers over producers increase. The idle consumers, and their mouth-pieces, the econo mists, are never weary of chanting the praises of cheapness, To whom is cheapness beneficial ? Only to the idle con sumers themselves. Each class of producers appears, at first sight, it is true, to have an interest in buying the produce of the labour of the other classes, cheaply ; but each class of producers loses, in point of fact, more, by the general depression in the value of labour and its products (for as the economists themselves have well shown, labour and all its pro ducts perpetually tend to a common level of value) than they gain by the cheapness induced at the expense of their brother producers. Free trade, in short, affects the different parties to it, ex actly after the following fashion. Each class of producers gains, in the first instance, by the experiment of free trade when tried upon producers of another class ;—and, immediately afterwards, each class of producers loses much more than it had seemed to gain —loses, not merely by the direct extension in turn to itself of free-trade principles, but also by the indi rect and irresistible effect upon the whole body of producers, of that general depreciation, to which we have already alluded, in the value of labour and all its productions —a depreciation, of which even the partial application of free-trade principles is, of necessity, the cause. But how stands the case, on the other hand, with respect to the idle consumers in so ciety? They gain, without any contingent loss, by each successive depreciation in the value of the different kinds of labour. They gain, in short, all that is sacrificed by the various orders of producers in succession. No class of producers has, in point of fact, the slightest in terest in cheapening the productions of any other producing class. All producers gain by a system which sustains the general value of labour. Under such a system, all producers are engaged in the work (so to speak) of mutual insurance. The dearness of the commodities on which they are respectively employed, is merely nominal to them :--it is real dearness only to the idle consumers amongst their customers. Such is a view of the question of free trade, with which none of the champions of free. trade opinions —not the Corn law rhymers, nor the Corn-law catechists, nor the journalists which echo their arguments—have ever yet dared to grapple ; —nor will these ingenious gentlemen, we venture to promise, ever be found simple enough to enter upon the task. No:—Mr. PAULTON, and his candid fellow-labourers have wisely chosen a much easier and more profitable course.—ld. A.—Here then is the argument of arguments, unin terrupted by saucy comment. The answer has been dinned into the public, in reviews, in pamphlets, and in lectures, at any time since 1830 ; and if any great originality had been claimed for it then, it would have been declared to be all traceable in Adam Smith. But if the opponent did not know of it, what more is to be said ? The answerers, then, answered as follows ; which they repeat with many thanks for the opportunity. They said, that when the trade is stopped in an article from abroad, for the sake of producing the like article dearer at home, —for example, if the importation of gloves at two shillings a pair from France, is stopped to enable English glovers to produce gloves of the same quality for three shillings at home,—the several effects produced are these. That for each pair of gloves prevented from being imported, a trade to the value of two shillings is taken from the manu facturers or traders concerned in making the goods with e o smga t a h l aotil trade y bd nasSysh wouldlmf far,ri o n e mg wt a sai ilhvaegeoni trader erc e ea.a . ndpn eetnrunTo expended theh: sdhtpofurther, which payment used to be made in France, and is given to o glove-maker, twl k i e h nt trh: e l iwa o nnvh v du e o tl-mwumt taken u k he fene places,r s an: % 00 Englishe t n v d i e .f r the h h e e had been let alone. So far, balance again. And that be sides all this, which left a balance to English trade in the aggregate, th ere i s t h e fact behind, that the consume gets nothing inst ea d o f someth i ng for his money. Sotart if the consumer was Satan or a duchess, no gain to Eng lish trade in the aggregate, would arise out of the consu mer's wrong. But inasmuch as a number of the consumers are neither Satan nor duchesses, but the working classes themselves, they in the aggregate bite off their own noses, to the exact extent to which they happen to be consumers of the article in question. The answerers said, that the existence of this double loss for a single gain, in the case of the difference of price between the foreign and the protected article, was as palpable as in the case where a wood-cutter should ba direeted to cut with a blunt axe instead of a sharp, with the intent of charging his employer two shillings for two days' labour, instead of a shilling for one. That it is undeniable an additional shilling would be given to the fraternity of wood-cutters ; but it is also undeniable that the same shilling would be taken from some trader, suppose the snuff-merchant, with whom the owner would have expended it, if left to have his wood cut with the sharp axe ; and that after these have made a ba lance to trade in the aggregate, comes the further fact that the owner has parted with a shilling for nothing, instead of the snuff he would have had for it if let alone. So that if any society could be supposed blockhead enough to estab lish such a system for general use, there would not be a man that lives by warming himself, that would not feel the effects of the irrational invention. And that this case, on reflection, is just as clear, as that an insulated fool who should invent cutting his own wood with a blunt axe on purpose, must lose by the result ; the only difference being, that in the more complicated instance, one loss and one gain fall upon separate individuals, and after these are set off against each other, there remains an aggregate or final balance, of the consumer's loss. They said, further, that for the industrious classes to comfort themselves with the idea that they had the advan tage turn-and-turn about, was the same folly as if they should agree to take a penny from each other day and-day about, as they passed by Charing-cross, with the understand ing that at every payment one halfpenny was to be thrown into the Thames. That it is just as visible, that on the whole they cannot gain, and must lose. That if there was a scramble for who should take most or oftenest, there is a bare possibility that somebody or other might pocket more than he lost in his turn ; but that this again must be got by the increased suffering of somebody less lucky, and therefore the working classes who could seriously set up such a system at Charing-cross, would exhibit a compound of knavery arid gullibility, which cut them off from compassion for any mischief to themselves that should ensue. They further said, that as no prohibition of foreign articles can be made, without cutting off as much trade in one place as is added in another, and robbing the con sumers besides,—it follows that employment and wages must be reduced in one place as much as they are raised in another, and a loss inflicted on the industrious classes, so far as they stand in the situation of consumers, besides ; from all of which, so increase of employment or wages can arise in the aggregate, however numerous the experi ments may be, any more than the surface of a pond can be raised, by taking water from one place to add it in an other ; and that remains, after all, the naked comfort to the working classes, of losing the difference of price, in any foreign commodity (for instance corn) they happened to consume. All of which is equally applicable, to the converse else of the removal of restriction ; where it is equally clear, no general depression of the rewards of labour can take place, because they are raised in one place whenever they are lowered in another, and after all comes the sweeping benefit to the working classes, of being allowed to consume cheap corn. All this has been said over and over again, and nobody has attempted to gainsay it. Nobody has pointed out where, and when, and how, the industrious classes are to be the gainers in the aggregate by the invention of employ ing the blunt axe instead of the sharp ; and nobody means to do it. If the working classes want the property of the " idle consumers," let them go and take it. But do not let them be persuaded to go about it in a way which, for every time it takes fourpence in the shilling from a pen sioned duchess in the bread she eats, takes it also from the starving manufacturer who can worse afford it. Yet this bait has been extensively gulped down by the working classes ; and, like other gudgeons, they must digest the hook they swallow. sumers" (all the non-productive ones, assuredly) " assert that the Corn-laws rob and plunder them."--Id: A.—When men struggle for a purse in the street, the question is not whether one man's gain will be the other's loss, but who had the original right. If the manufacturers had laid a tax on home-grown corn, with a view to increase their sales for corn abroad, then the would have been the robbers, and to I,be put down by all the means for such cases made and provided. When the agriculturists lay a tax on the exchange of the manufacturers' goods for corn, then they come under the same predicament. The question is not, why this man is to rob or that, but Why any man is to be robbed at all. 250.—Have not farmers invested in the cultivation of the soil of England, property to the amount of many millions, on the guarantee of the national faith ?—ld. A.—" Force by force, is well ejected when the conquered can." If the manufacturers had got a tax on home-grow❑ corn, how long would the agriculturists stand upon the right of property ? But there is a worse rod in pickle for our feudal lords ; which is, that the farmers shall be brought over to take side against them. 251.—Has not property to an immense amount been in vested in the purchase of land—and have not the burdens to c‘hich the land is peculiarly subject, been cheerfully borne_ on the faith of the value guaranteed to land by the existing Corn-laws ?—ld. A.—The landlords first kept everybody else out of law-making, and then proceeded to burden themselves. Sancho whipping himself, was just as pathetic an object. 252.—The whole body, besides, of the labouring poor of Er gland have a properly-interest in this question. The new Nor-law throws every unemployed labourer "on his own re sources," even in the matter of finding a market for his la bour. To close up, therefore, a vast labour-market, is to rob a large class of labourers of what to them stands, a 3 _ suredly, in the relation of properly —ld. A.—This is rather ticklish ground. Why shall we not throw the landowners "on their own resources ?" And the labourers will not stand upon their " vast labour-market," after it is shown to them that ten equally vast are shut up in consequence. 253.—1 f " the tax, which is the produce of the Corn-laws" is to be scornfully denied the character of property, what, let us ask, is to be said in reference to those taxes, of which THE FUNDS are representative? Is it the doctrine of our contempo rary, that to describe the produce of the fund tuxes, as pro perty, is ridiculous? Or what distinctive character does our contemporary assign to the funds, and to the t.ixes, by which they are supported? If the fundowners possess the guarantee of national faith for the security of their property—so do the farmers and the landowners of England ;.---and to play fast and loose with that vuarantee, may, perhaps, be found a perilous experiment.—ld. A.—The funds were a quid pro quo; the Corn-laws were a gratuitous robbery. To apply the sponge to the na tional debt, would only be robbing Peter to profit Paul, and would not add one jot to the national wealth, strength, or happiness. To demolish the Corn-laws, would be to cut off a devouring plague, where for a small and disputed ad vantage to our feudal masters, damage to an incalculable amount is inflicted on every other interest it is possible to enumerate. The droit de seigneur would have made just as good a subject, for an experiment upon " the na tional faith." TO BE CONTINUED. THE VENGEUR. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Since the period of Lord Howe's victory, on Ist June, 1794, the story of the Vengeur French 74 gun ship going down with colours flying, and her crew crying " \live la Republique I—Vive la Liberte I" &c.. and the further absurdity that they continued firing the main deck guns, after her lower deck was immersed, has been repeatedly declared, and has been very re cently re-asserted by a French author. It originated no doubt, on the part of the French, in political and exciting motives—precisely as Bonaparte caused HIS victory at Trafalgar to be promulgated through France. While these reports and confident assertions were confined to our neighbours, it seemed little worth the while to contradict it. But now, when two English authors of celebrity, Alr. Allison, in his his tory of Europe during the French Revolution, and Mr. Carlisle, in his similar work, give it the confirma tion of English authority, I consider it right thus to declare, the whole story is a ridiculous piece of non-, sence. At the time the Vengeur sunk the action had ceased some time. The French fleet were making off before the wind, and Captain Renaudin and his son had been nearly half an hour prisoners on board H.M.S. Culloden, of which ship I was the Fourth Lieu tenant, and about 127 of the crew were also prisoners, either on board the Culloden, or in her boats, besides, I believe, 100 in the Ay - red s, and some 40 in the hired cutter, commanded by Lieut. (the late Rear Ad. miral) Winne. The Vengeur was taken possession of by the boats of the Culloden, Lieut. Rotherham, and the Alfred, Lieut. Deschamps ; and Capt. Renaudin and mys e lf, who were, by Captain Schomberg's desire, at lunch in his cabin, hearing the cries of distress, ran to the star board quarter gallery, and thence witnessed the me lancholy scene. Never were men in distress more ready to save themselves. ABond-street. M. , Nov. GRIFFITHI3.S, Rear-Admi ra l. Royal N ava l Club, TREATMENT OF PAUPERS. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. saw to-day, in Blackfriars-road, three men in workhouse dresses, drawing a truck like brute beasts, and one pushing behind. This, no doubt, was a shocking sight, and probably will afford, as it did some three weeks ago, matter for two or three letters to the Papers from some of the friends of the poor in Southwark, on the cruelty of the Workhouse System. lam a friend of the poor also, and particularly of that class of poor persons who submit to great deprivations, and work hard to maintain themselves by honest industry. In case th ese gent l emen, therefore, should give only a one-sided view, I will supply the defi ciency. Besides this truck, I saw three others at the same time, one drawn by two boys, with a man pushing behind; another drawn by two men, and a third by a man and a dog, the latter with a load fully as heavy as that drawn by the paupers. I leave you to judge which deserved the most sympathy, and what credit is due to the lamentations of those friends of the poor who never take up their cause till they have put on a workhouse dress. The poor who are not in a workhouse pay a hundred per cent. tax ou tea— one of the necessaries of life—they pay fifty par cent. on another, to keep up the rents of the rich—and they are half-starved in the inclement weather on account of the tax on coals; yet the Tory organs remain silent on these op pressive imposts, or defend them. Nov. 12. MISOJUDAS. CHELTENHAM-MONDAY. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sia,—Having been at Weymouth, I was much surprised to find on going to Trinity Chapel, (Chapel of Ease,) a few Sun days since, a demand of Is. for admission, and nothing less, or wait until the second lesson was read, and go in for nothing. I have asked several persons if the sum can be demanded, but cannot be satisfactorily answered. Can you shine a little on my unenlightened mind with your refulgent rays, and tell me if the payment can be resisted, or if they dare demand money for admission to a public place of worship ; to my mind, it is much more repulsive to any Christian mind than the truly worthy Durham Bishop's subscribing to Mr. Turner's Ser mons, about which so much canting hypocrisy has been preached by the Tory Papers. lam also told by a gentleman, who has lately been in Devonshire, that at Teignmouth or Tor quay, the latter I think, a similar demand is made for a Chapel of Ease there. Your's, truly obedient, H. N. OLIVER DR. VAUGHAN'S " PROTECTORATE OFh Distin- CROMWELL ; a Series of Original Letters by able work we are reminded that we are seeking truth ildis undisguised safest way to it—that we are admitted to read thee c u erning the guished Men of the Time."—ln this interestin; eandinvatihu-e utterances of great men in bygone times, e rs in as they with them is such as to permit our being at . their a p o a m rt n ie s s e a n n a d et o t c n eu h r e re n n f ee t s he o i f r t f h r e a i t r er d n a j y ty -th a a n t d w t c h c a a .t n r n e n a dr l l e o c iv on e v d e , of argument task their powers in tracing out the labyrinths of diplomacy, their an d in a is ever which, whether conducted in Cabinets or Senates, orients, a p e r , ov e i a d c i h n providing a p i e fi n s i t n i g ts t hsenar otheres— f t o h r e thatw keenestar intellects arising out of the great business of nations. Such too, are interesting in other respects than in disclosures as are here hinted at. " The importance," as Dr. observes, ~ attached by such correspondents to the talk and doings of Courts, to the passing humours of the people—in. short, their care to make a full report of the news of t forth hour, and the free and natural manner in which they se . details of this sort, upon which the general historian rarely descends to touch all contribute to give to such papers an such interest of their own, so that they are sometimes found to bear in the truest of the noise and change, and struggle—the the reader . away from the world around him, and to place Inn ever bubbling life o f ot h er lands and other days. " A duel took pl ace at Seacombe, on Tuesday n i g h t , but fatal conseq uences were prevented by the seconds pru dently omitting t o l oa d the pistols with any more dangerous charge than po w d er an d paper. A proclamation against th e practice of duelling in that " b orough, " we understan d, has bech iistt,;.l by Ow clerk of th e peac,,---- 111. rrrn,l Malt The Post-offi ce aut h or i ties have it in contemplation to give Newcastle the ad vantage of two daily communications, morning and evening, with L ondon, via Carlisle. 24 9.—Aceording to our contemporary, it is ridiculous to maintain that the abolition of the Corn-laws would " rob the landowners and farmers"—so long as " the bulk of the con- THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 14, lE3' MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF EXETER. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESFONDRNT.) The election of Mayor has been a great triumph to the Li. berals, and will prove a heavy blow and great discouragement to the friends of Sir W. Follett. At the first election, under the Municipal Act, the Reformers and Tories were even on the returns. One Gentleman (a Quaker) refused to sign the declaration—that gave the Toricsa majority of one—with that one they elected eleven Tory Aldermen and one Reformer, and he only slipped in through a breach of a point of form. This conduct of the Tories excited a deal of indignation in the minds of the citizens ; but it served the Tory purpose, as it enabled theni to quarter all their old staff on the new bcdy, and to fill up the places of the Corporation with their own fa vourites. The Burgesses have, however, taken the best satis faction they can, and at every succeeding Municipal election the Tories have been rejected, till from the overwhelming ma. jority which they had, they have now come down to a miserable minority of 11 out of 36 elected Councillors, and have only 16 in the whole Council, including the remnants of their Al. dermanie batch. _ _ At the election of Aldermen yesterday, the following Gen tlemen were triumphantly returned :—Doctor M'Gowan, and Messrs. Sayall, W. Lee, W. Tombs, W. Drewe, and J. D. Osborn. Dr. M'Gowan was unanimously elected Mayor, the Tories not having power to oppose, prudently let him pass in silent and reluctant acquiescence. The Mayor was proposed by Mr. Mark Kennaway, one of the ablest men possessed by the city of Exeter, and whose talents and patriotism would advance any community. His speech was most brilliant and effective—he took a review of the Tory proceedings in our Corporation since the com mencement of the new system, and showed its whole politi cal and corrupt tendency. He showed that the Municipal Elections were every where regarded as political struggles, and that it was in the inevitable necessity of things that it should be so. As a politician, he proposed Dr. M'Gowan for the office of Chief Magistrate, in the belief that though he would never suffer politics to attend him in the judicial seat, he would yet give their (the Reformers) principles every sup port in the Council consistent with his duty. Mr. J. C. Scrcombe seconded the motion, which was car ried with triumphant acclamatiors. Dr. M'Gowan, who has not hitherto taken a very active part in politics, although his politics have been sufficiently known, adopted all that the mover and seconder had said in his behalf, and expressed a belief that the principles of Reform were ordained by God, for the progression of society, as much as the laws that regulate the planetary system on the human fi ame. Thanks were voted to the late Mayor. D. B. Davy, Esq., was appointed High Sheriff, and the meeting separated highly pleasd with the result. The Council gave a dinner to the Mayor last evening, at the Half Moon Hotel. The Tories turned " sulky," and not one of them would attend the meeting, although they had all voted for him as Alderman. — Exeter, Nov 12. SAFETY GUARDS ON RAILWAYS. The following letter lately appeared in the Preston Chronicle. The subject is of so much importance, not merely t o ra il way managers , b ut to t h e pu bli c in general, that it well deserves to be made widely known : Mr. Editor,—l take the liberty to hand to you an ex tract from a very interesting work on the Civil Engineer ing of North America, published July, 1838, written by David Stevenson, Esq., Civil Engineer of Edinburgh (one of the engineers employed by our Ribble Navigation Com pany.) The subject will be interesting to many of our readers, and is, I think, worth consideration by the Rail way Directors in this country. Speaking of the North American railways, Mr. Steven son says, " From the unprotected state of most of the railways, which are seldom fenced, cattle often stray upon the line, and are run down by the engines, which are in some cases thrown o ff th e ra il s b y t h e concuss i on, producing very serious consequences. To obviate this, and render railway travelling more safe, an apparatus, called a guard, has been very generally introduced. The guard consists of a strong framework of wood fixed to the fore-axle of the locomotive carriage, and supported on two small wheels about two feet in diameter, which run on the rails about three feet in advance of the engine. The outer extremity of the frame-work is shod with iron, slightly bent up, and comes to within an inch of the top of the rails. The upp6r part of the surface of the guard is covered with wood, and the lower part with an iron grating. The apparatus affords a complete protection to the wheels of the engine. I experienced the good effects of it on one occasion on the Camden and Amboy Rail Way ; the train in which I travelled, while moving with considerable rapidity, came in contact with a large waggon loaded with fire-wood, which was literally shivered to atoms by the con cussion. The fragments of the broken waggon and the wood with which it was loaded, were distributed on each side of the railway ; but the guard prevented any part of them from falling before the engine wheels, and thus obvi ated what might in that case have proved a very serious accident." This apparatus might be introduced with much advantage on the railways in this country, on which acci dents, attended with the loss of several lives, have happened from similar cases. I am, &c. Preston, Oct. 30, 1838. P. PARK. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. FRANCE. The Moniteur contains a Royal ordinance, dated the 31st ult., for regulating the civil administration of " Algeria," and which is to remain under the superior jurisdiction of the Governor-General, who is to have under his orders a Director of the Home Department, an Attorney-General, and a Di rector of the Finance. The Director of the Home Depart ment is to be charged with the general, provincial, and district administration, the public works, agriculture, commerce, public inst: uction, e cclesiastical affairs, &c. The Director of the Finances is to superintend and direct the registering of pro perty and Stamp-office, the administration of the national property, the Custo ms and Taxes, the Post.office, &c. By a Royal ordinance of the same date, Count Eugene Guyot, Deputy-Civil-Intendant of Constantine, is appointed Director of the Home Department, and M. Dussert, the Mayor of Bona, Under-Director of the Province of Oran. TuE DUKE DE BORDEAUX.—The Legitimatist Journals are much occupied with the plans proposed for completing the education of the Duke de Bordeaux. The Quotidienne states that the Prince is about to travel through Italy, Germany, and Russia, and even to visit Constantinople, Syria, and Egypt. The Moniteur publishes Royal Ordinances appointing M. de 13uurlon, Master of Requests of the Council of State, to be Prefect of the Marne, in the room of the Viscount de Jessaint, who retires, and the Viscount de Germiny, Master of Requests Extraordinary, to be Prefect of the Seine et Marne, in the room of the Baron de St. Didier, who retires ; and also creat retiring Prefects Peers of France' ing the two R AI LROADS. —A g eneral meetin g of the shareholders of the Versailles and Meudon Railroad Company was held yesterday, M. Chai d E s t_Ange in the Chair. A Report drawn up by the Board of M ana g ement of the Compan y was rea d , de tailing the circumstance s in which the affairs of the Com pany were placed, and the steps taken to remedy the difficul ties that were found to exist. It appeared from this docu ment, that, according to the survey and plans of M. Cur rcard, verified by the Council of the Ponts et Chaussees, and approved of by th e Government as the basis of the grant of line, that the total expenses of the undertaking were esti mated at less than 4,000,000 f. Upon this the Company pro ceeded, constituting a capital of 8,000,000 f., and keeping a reserved fund out of it of IP:000,000f. (or 4,000 shares of 500 f at par). The works were then commenced, but it has since proved that the road, as far only as it has hitherto been car ried, has nearly absorbed 8,000,000 f., and must definiti ve l y cost, according to the best calculations, 15,000,000 f. Under these circumstances negotiations were opened with the Ver sailles and St. Cloud Company, as our readers are already aware, but the conditions proposed by the latter were so exor bitant that they could not be accepted. Application was then made to Government for a loan of 5,000,000 E, but the only result was a dilatory answer that did not suit the views of the Company. Penetrated, therefore, with a sense of the importance of not suspending the works, the administration of the Company, as the Report went on to state, had decided on proposing to rais e a l oan o f 5,000,000 f. on ll mortgageof the railroad. This proposition was well received by the meeting, a n d the generousconductand spirited in c of one of the principal shareholders, M. F s id e° degree to thi s resu l t. That eminentbanker t has offer a ed g th re a a t t in case the loan of 5,000,000 f. shall be subscribed for, he will purchase the 4,000 reserved shares at par, notwithstanding their present depressed price (285 f.), and until the loan shall be realized, or Government shall come forward to help the Company, he will open a credit to the Company in his books to the am ount o f 600,000 f. The report of the Board of Management was unanimously adopted, and the proposals contained in it fully agreed to. CRIMINAL ADMINISTRATION.—The following is a summary of the report made by the President of the Tribunal Civil de Premiere Instance at the recent opening of the annual Session of that Court : —The number of causes entered on the list from November 1, 1837, to the same day in the present year, was 9,151 ; increase upon the preceding year, 809. Number of causes remaining unde cided on the lst of November in the last year, 1,444; new causes, 7,449 ; total, 8,805 ; increase upon the preceding year, 1,043. Number of judgments delivered, 9,143 ; causes with drawn or settled out of court, 447; remaining to be tried, 2,4985; increase upon the last year, 1,054. Orders for con finement as a paternal correction, 340—viz., boys, 231 ; girls, 109. Personal arrests, number of visa of processes by the verificator of the gardes du commerce, 1,848; Frenchmen arrested, 437 ; recommandations of Frenchmen, 143 ; fo reigners arrested, 27 ; recommandations of foreigners, 9. In all, 616 arrests or rec9mmandations, and 2,464 processes, criminal and correctional cases. Entered at the register's office, 12,442 ; at the Procureur-General's office, 12,540 ; increase upon the preceding year, 1,060. Number of priso ners interrogated, 9,452 ; increase upon the preceding year, 812 ; committed, 5,656 ; set at liberty, 3,795. Number of cases referred to the examining magistrates, 5,242; cases determined upon, 4,101 ; remaining under investigation, 1,327. Total number of persons in custody during the year, 2,023 ; remaining on November 1, 324; orders for trial before the Court of Assizes, 676 ; before the Tribunal of Correctional l'el;..e. 1,349 ; hefore Tribunal of Sia , ple Police, 4 ; tiers of ciismissai of complaints, 1,573 ; orders founded or. the incompetence of the tribunals, for commissions to examine witnesses, &c., 609 ; total of orders, 4,211. Number of judgments by the Tribunal of Correctional Police, 6th Cham ber, 3,1;18; 7th Chamber, 3,484; Bth Chamber, 1,601; total, 8,223; increase Upon the preceding year, 711. The Droll publishes softie particulars in ratification of a statement whieli has appeared in several Papers relative to some legal proceedings which have been commenced against the Infante Don Francisco de Paula, at present in Paris. It states that previously to 1830 an intrigue was set on foot in Spain to place the Infante on the throne of Mexico, but that his brother, ping Ferdinand. was undecided in his support of it. Negociations were commenced with certain French per sonages, and amongst the number Prince Talleyrand, to bring the matter to a favourable conclusion, and ail agent of the Prince was invested with full powers to follow it up . The French Revolution of 1830, however, and the death of Ferdi nand, put an end to the negotiation, for which the negotia tor had made considerable advances, amounting, it is said, to 316,000 f„ of which he now demands 216,000 f. An attempt at an amicable arrangement before the Juge de Paix of the Tenth Arrondissement having proved unavailing, judicial pro ceedings have been commenced accordingly. The Temps expatiates on the tottering state of the Ministry, and its inability to meet the Chambers with either the mea sures or the men calculated to conciliate or command it. " The Ministry has but one support—the Court. When advised to reduce the Five per Cents., it answers, ' We should be right glad to do so, but the Court will not consent.' Then propose a degree of Electoral Reform,' is the next counsel. 'We can't do that either,' is the rejoinder; 'it is impossible to overcome the prejudices of the Court.' But how face the Chamber, which was tolerant in the last session solely on the understanding that changes would immediately take place, and more capable men be admitted into the Cabinet ? Efforts are now making for this purpose, and for gaining over certain Parliamentary Chiefs. But all these men refuse posi. tively (we are certain of what we advance) to take office as long as Mfg are to make but a minority/ in the Cabinet, and with both 'oreign affairs and home affairs placed beyond their controul." FRENCH FUNDS.—PARts, NOVEMBER U. Fire per Cents., 1101. 60c. 80c. 85c. 75c. Four and 8 ITAif ner Cents. 106 f. Four per Cents., 1051; three per Cents., 82f. 81f. 35d. Bank Actions, 2,700 f. 2,71 cf. 2,705 E fiente de Napl:m, 102 f. 101 f. 90c. Roman. Five per Cents., 101%. Spanish Actives, 17X Belgian Five per Cents., 103. Belgian Bank, 1,47Lf. 1,477 E SOe. 1,480 t: Portuguese Loan, Threes per Cents. 20 , 4. Ilaytiar, Loan, 420 f. OXCHA NCR ON LONDON. o , ,eznonth, paper, --f. —e. ; money, 25f 4rc Eiree months, paper, 9.5 f. 23^.: money, 2.5 . : 23c LATEST PRICES. Five per Cents. 110 f. 85c. Three per Cents., 81f. 95c. Bank Actions, 2,705 f. Romans ' 101 N. Belgian Loan, 103 Belgian Bank, 1,480 f. Spanish Actives, 17% Harian loan, 424 E SPAIN. MADRID, Nov. 4.—The " demonstration" of last night has terminated apparently for the present. The judicious and orderly conduct of the great body of the National Guard and of the people on the occasion, completely prevented the ex tension of the flame which broke out in the early part of the evening under such threatening circumstances and appearances. Some half dozen of disorderly persons were arrested and placed in confinement. In noticing this ebullition, the Cor reo Nacional of this morning relates the facts as they occur red, hut offers no opinions on its origin or objects. The Eco del Comercio, on the contrary, disavows it as the work of the militia and liberal inhabitants of Madrid, insinuating pretty roundly that the Government were the authors of it. The Espana, the Government Journal, comes out this morning without account or comment on the transaction. The Gazette gives a short notice, merely stating that an attempt had been made to disturb the peace, but that the Government, aware of what was to have taken place, adopted the necessary precautions, and succeeded in putting the attempt down. It also gives the proclamation of the state of siege , which is as follo tiss " DECREE. The public tranquillity of the capital having been dis turbed, and considering the circumstances of this disturbance of the peace, and also the declarations of the Political Chief, whose measures have been unequal to its re-establishment, it is resolved that a case has arisen to employ the means fur nished by the law for the preservation of the tranquillity of this city; and, therefore declare the capital in a state of siege. To carry this measure into effect, l therefore decree as follows : Art. I. From the publication of this proclamation all as semblies of five or more individuals, except the armed force intended for the preservation of order, are prohibited. " Art. 2. All who viol a t e thi s or d er w ill b e i mme di a t e ly tried as guilty of treason, by Court-martial sitting in the Post-office . " Madrid, Nov. 3, 1838. ANTONIO QUIROG A." The Gazette also contains a Decree appointing Moscoso de Attamira President of the Senate, and as Vice-Presidents the Bishop of Cordova and the Conde do Espeleta, in the next Session of the Legislature, which opens on Thursday next. These individuals belong to the foremost rank of the Court and Moderado party. The defeat Of Merino, noticed in my letter of last night, is thus described in the correspondence of the Gazette to-day: —" Soria, 31st of October.—Tbe following notice has just been posted up in this city :—The faction of Merino was beaten and dispersed by Brigadier Hayas on the 29th, in Bel viestre del Pinar, causing them much loss in killed, some pri soners, arms, horses, and papers. Many of them are in a state of dispersion; the great body of this faction having entered yesterday into Molinos, taking the direction of Vincusa, with Hayas close upon them." The Journals state that the diploma conferring the title and honours of a grandee of Spain on the Conde de Toreno has been made out, and forwarded to him free of all ex pense. Considering the other freaks of the present Cabinet there is nothing very improbable or extraordinary in this . -- Morning Chronicle. ST. JEAN PIED. DR. PORT, Nov. 7.—Munagorri, with the whale of his force, arrived here yesterday morning, intending to continue his march across the frontier in some place in the vicinity of the term of Valcarlos. This movement, from which so much was expected, and which caused so much ex citement on this side the frontier, and so terrified the faction upon the other, is not, I regret to say, likely to be attended with any other result for the present. This want of means is partly owing to the want of proper management on the part of Munagorri, but principally, I feel convinced, to the jealousy of the Christino generals, who are violently opposed to the prin ciples of Munagorri. In consequence of orders received from the Conde Luchan s, Aguirri, the commandant of Valcarlos, has declared his determination not to permit the Fuerists to pass the frontier near the limit of his command. For the sake of Spain, this opposition on the part of the Christino Chiefs to Munagorri and his party is to be deeply lamented. The common small arms and ammuni tion, which the French General commanding here had sent on as far as the town of Lusade, have been ordered back an i placed in the arsenal of the fortress here, but will be sent to any part that Munagorri may hereafter select. Indeed, I could not help observing that General Harispe and all the French authorities, civil as well zs military, have displayed a most lively interest in the success of the Fuerists. Every as sistance in the power of the French Commander-in-Chief and all the authorities has been most freely rendered to Munagorri and his party, and I must say I never saw a better conducted set of men in my life than the Fuerists have been, not only during their march, but since their arrival here. PRUSSIA. BERLIN, Nov. 7.—The scandalous scenes which appeared at Cologne on the 26th ult. form another of those bitter fruits which we reap from our system of temporizing and of half measures. The ceremonies of the Ursula feast had been one of the innovations of Archbishop Vischering, or rather a renewal of obsolete usages. The authorities had well-grounded apprehensions that an uproar would ensue, for every body might easily foresee that the fanatic priest Beckers would not let slip the occasion of working on the heated heads of the mob. This the authorities were prepared against, and the military was held in readiness. But much more credit would have been done to their sagacity had they prevented the cause which heated the people's fancy, and thus at once cut off the occasion of at all working upon it. I am, however, persuaded that government itself is now becoming aware of this ( truth, and there is every reason to believe that at no very distant pe riod a uniform and rigorous system will be pursued throughout all the monarchy against the treasonable efforts of the Ro man clergy. Indeed, no alternative is left; and in spite of all the predictions, the result will be the most effec. tual repression of all demands incompatible with the v ereignty of our native ruler. France moved an sovereignty y towards Switzerland to expel the shadow of a Pretender ; much more ought Prussia to put an end, if need be by dint of arms, to the pretender Gregory XVI., whose machinations are only formidable as long as they are not met with as they ought. Our relations to Rome are now managed by a conference of three of our Ministers, those of the foreign, the interior, and the financial branches. The Minister for Religious Affairs, to whose department this subject would seem exclusively to be long, is prevented by old age and illness from taking an active part in the transactions. Persons who have been for a consi derable time in Italy, among them also one of our celebrated savans, just returned from France, and who had an audience with his Holiness, are of opinion that Gregory XVI. is re solved not to shrink from any extreme. Never mind, even if he were of the mettle of his energetic predecessor and name sake, the mettle of the times lies a different way. In the opera of Auber, The Black Domino, there is, as your the atre-going readers may know, a dance of the nuns. We were on the point of being deprived of this part of the piece from a regard to the deference due to religious orders, but some how or other it happens that the prohibition of it has been withdrawn. A Berlin wag observed, that this was one of the first fruits of the Pope's second allocution. Redscbid Pasha's presence at Berlin has been of a perfectly diplomatic character. Russia leaves no stone unturned to wriggle herself into the advantages the commercial treaty concluded at Constantinople secures to the other maritime powers. Whether we have been promised to share in those advantages when obtained I cannot tell, but it is considered as a matter of fact that Prussia exerted her interceding influence on Russia's bebalf, and exerted it with so much success that her Northern ally already begins to slacken in his martial pre parations, as no longer necessary to urge his cause. Pone, Nov. 2 —The late accounts in the French and in several German Journals, of arrests in Warsaw, and transporta tion of individuals, use in part complete fictions, or part exag gerated. Ac cor di ng to the letter from the Polish Capital, b which I hav e b e f ore me, and to which entire credit may be given, th e l a t est measures of the Government ag rainsttpoeflson ten su , pected oGnecs, .ire coDfined to the or twelve d ee pl y i mplicated individuals, who remain re sult of th e i nvest i gation appears, and are k ept in very decent places of confinem ent i n W arsaw i tse lf. If the French Jour till the a nalists would look with unprejudiced eyes, they would find that certainly three times as many persons in proportion are imprisoned in the highly extolled France as in the much de_ cried Poland, that the situation of the prisoners here (from the easiness of the inferior officers) is much more supportable than in that Eldorado of the manufacturers of insurrection which has already seen the heads of so many regicides fall under the axe. ITALY. Roma, OCT. 30.—Up to this moment we know nothing whatever respecting the accounts brought from Berlin, which say that in consequence of the last allocution of the pope, the Prussian legation would be withdrawn from Rome, and all diplomatic intercourse broken off. If it should be ;,-;,sagined that such statements would cause a sensation here, this wouM be a great mistake. We can assert that hardly any piece or fr.telligence would be received with more indif ference by the Govornment than this. The important con. sequences of such a step tare as fully appreciated at Berlin as elsewhere. Should it realty be taken, it would be only advantageous for the Roman Curia, for it will be found ne cessary, sooner or later, to have a representative to protect the R ussians residing here, who would Then certainly not be received except on terms of reciprocity, that is to say on condition that a nuncio shall be received at Berlin. Is it not probable that many misunderstandings and differences, if the very equitable proposal (that made by Mons. Capaccini when h e was at Berlin) to receive there a Charge d'Affaires ol the Pope, had been agreed to ?—would not many many stew have certainly not been taken if there had been a man on the spot qualified clearly to lay before the Government the rights of the aorch, of which the Pope himself, with all his power, cannot sacrifice the smallest tittle ?—would the Legation here ever have been in the sitution in which it now is had there been means to negoci.lte at Berlin ? The situation of the Prussian Legation, at the;'cad of which M. Von Buch now is, is doubtless very embarrassing; but the Roman Go vernment has on all occasions shown to Ns highly esteemed diplomatist that it will do everything in its Dower to restore the former amicable relations, and much will be willingly con ceded to him that another might find it impossible to obtain. REDSCHID PASHA. On Saturday evening Redschid Pasha, the Minister of Fo reign Affairs, and Extraordinary Ambassador of the Ottoman Porte in London, arrived in Paris. Besides his three young children, Redscl:d Pasha has with him Ali Effendi, a Coun cillor of Legation, Rdnuf Bey, a Secretary, and Ayoub Bey, a Colonel of Infantry. o:‘r countryman, M. Cor, one of the most distinguished pupils of M. de Sacy, also accompanies the Ambassador. Last year, about this time, Redschid Pasha passed through Paris on his way to Constantinople, whither be was called by Sultan Mahmoud to fill th e s i tuat i on o f Mi n i ster of Foreign Affairs. All diplomatists know with what ability ti: at states man discharged the duties of that difficult post. U n sler his auspices several useful and important innovations were intro duced into the interior administration of the Ottoman eni-- pire. Turkey was infested by three scourges—monopo lies, the plague, and the depredations of public func tionaries. An administrative penal code was published by his direction, which enacts severe penalties against the officers of Government who, forgetting their duties, are guilty of prevarication. A Council of State, instituted with that view, and composed of several members, sits in judgment on the high functionaries accused of that crime by their superiors or by the people themselves. The cordon, that monstrous creation of the lower empire, was abolished for ever, and the Capidji Bashi, or bearers of lettres de cachet, will no longer be despatched from Constantinople to poison or murder public officers condemned without trial. Redschid Pasha succeeded also, not however without much trouble, in persuading Mussulman theologians that the adoption of sanatory measures against the plague was not a violation of the doctrines of the Koran. It required the most powerful arguments and vast erudition to conquer the obstinacy of those fanatics. The Tavid-ve- Quim, or Turkish Monitor, was accordingly obliged to publish daily some remarkable article on that great question. The Minister at last gained his point, and a batti-sherif, issued some months hence, denounced death against whoever should impede the exe cution of the vs;.?"' measures which the Turkish Government has lately adopted, in prder to save from destruction the re mainder of the population of the empire. The sanatory boards, composed of the most enlightene4 men of the country, are in cessantly labouring to accomplish that philanthropic work, and have succeeded in checking the progres . s of the malady, wherever it app eare d. L et us h ope t h at, i n e course of a few years, the plague will h ave cease d to existinTurkey , " well - as in the rest of Europe. " In the question of monopolies, no obstacle could a.Ster Redschid Pasha from his purpose. He represented to his So- vereign that the system of monopolies prevented the propa gation of instruction, and was contrary to the welfare of hiss people; that monopolists alone benefit thereby ; and that the public treasury, as well as the people, were impoverished by that anti-national system. The Council of Ministers ap proved the project of abolishing monopolies, which the Sui tors subsequently sanctioned. Not long since a law was promulgated to that effect. Redienid Pasha afterwards noti fied to the Ambassadors of Foreign Powei:s that the Ottoman Porte had suppressed all monopolies, and inv;ted the Govern ments of Europe to conclude new treaties of comn - lerce with Turkey. England and several other nations have already acquiesced in his demand. France will soon follow t i :eir example. Among other important improvements, whieti were the work of Redschid, we must also notice the new or ganization of the island of Cyprus. It is a trial which the Turkish Government was desirous to make. The French commercial code, which, notwithstanding its imperfections, is . nevertheless the best in Europe, is now translating by his directions. Redschid intends to promulgate it in Turkey, and to appoint commercial courts, on the plan of those exist ing in France. Young jurisconsults are on the point of leaving Constantinople, for the purpose of studying the dif ferent European systems of legislation, and forwarding the re sult of their observations to the Council of Material Interests,' or Legislative Society, established likewise by Redschid Pasha. The Minister wisely resolved on calling into that Council Representatives of All the nations which constitute the Ottoman empire, without heeding their political or reli gious creeds. " These are certainly novel achievements, well worthy of a statesman. Redschid was able to realize all these innova tions during the eleven menths he held the office of President of the Council of Sultan Mahmoud."—Journal des Debats. EFFECTIVE FORCE OF THE REJS- SIAN ARMY. The Russian army consists at present of the following corps:—The Imperial Guard, composed of six divisions, three cavalry and three infantry. Of these there are twelve cavalry and twelve infantry regiments, one battalion of sappers, one of marines, one of chasseurs, one of veterans, four of horse-artillery, and twelve of foot-artillery. The Grenadier corps is composed of one division of light cavalry,. consisting of four regiments; of three divisions of infantry, made up of twelve regiments ; of two batteries of horse artillery, and fifteen of foot-artillery. The Regiments of the Guard consist of seven squadrons of cavalry, and three batta lions of infantry. The six Corps of the Line are composed each of one division of light cavalry, made up of four regi ments ; of three divisions of infantry, each of four regiments, two of a re g i ment o f f our act i ve battal i ons: in all twelve regiments, besides two batteries of horse-artillery, and two of foot -artillery ; the total of the six Corps of the Line con sists of twenty_four regiments of light cavalry, seventy-two of infantry, twelve, batteries of horse artillery, and ninety of foot-artillery. Of the third corps of Cavalry of Reserve, each corps has two divisions, and each division four re giments; making a total of twenty-four regiments, and twelve batteries of horse-artillery. The two Reserve Corps of the Line are formed each of three divisions, and each division is composed of twenty_four battalions. The Corps of the Caucasus consists of one regiment of dragoons, three divisions of infantry, and sixteen batte ries of foot artillery. The Corps of Orembourg is formed of one division of infantry of sixteen battalions, and the same number of batteries ; the Corps of Siberia of one di vision of infantry; the Corps of Finland of the same. The troops of the interior consist of ten battalions of sappers, fifty battalions of home militia, and one division of horse artillery, composed of nine batteries. Of Cossacks there are stationed in different countrie. one hundred and forty six regiments. The Russian territory has been militarily divided into two parts ; the first, consisting of the distant provinces, thinly peopled, has been condemned as a recruit ing district, it _furnishes no men to the army ; the other, formed out of the centre of the empire, of thickly inhabited tracts, supplies the country with all its soldiers. From this arrangement it results that the army is recruited out of population of forty millions of natives, and that the limits of the territory within which this recruitment takes place are not too distinctly removed from each other to admit of an expeditious formation or renovation of a military force. The army arising out of the above-mentioned copu lation has been organised into regiments of six battalions ; a seventh skeleton battalion is always stationed in the recruiting districts, to receive and discipline young sol diers, and afterwards to hand them over to the reserve e battalions. Four battalions of each regiment beleng_toth active force of the country. Four regiments, that sixteen The an fifth and sixth f b o a r t m tal a io d n i s vi ( s t i w on o ; ba t t h ta re li e on d s i f v r i o s m ion e s ac a h regiment nt being e d r e e 'd corps at present complete and effective. ve division. This battalion of twelve regiments form a reserve battalions ; three division consists consequently of twenty - fourr s.IT 2 p One thousand n c b o tatea divisions of reserve constitute a reserv e lo in % ofTph peace Horn_ c e b y n i adiers and that of the five hundred men. The corps ofgrenadiers, d'arineL . The Cossack men bcr o f f o a r m re t s h e e r battalion plem en t i s o completed o a m n p laeetteidv active guards constitute each a noble co r p s b ov eorganization contain eight hundred men each. regiments not incluclei f T rs t h h e e / a /Ilarmont's Travels. On Monday after noon an altercation who were repairing the outside of t h e Barley Mow public-house, in Duke-street, Grosvenor-square, took pla ce among some workmen when liquor, one attempted f t h e m, who was evidently under the influence of to ascend the ladder. He had not proceeded far, w hen his foot slipped, and he came down with great vio lence. On being picked up he appeared to be in a state of insensibility, and be was immediately conveyed to Middlesex o Hospital, where he now lies in a very dangerous state. On Wednesday evening, a seaman going aboard the Sovereign steam- ship, in Leith harbour, missed his footing on the plank, and was precipitated into the water. His cries were heard, but as the water was swollen with the rains, and the tide receding, it was impossible to render assistance. He was one of the crew, and has left a wife and family in Aberdeen..., Edinburgh Courant. 4. i° bt lig r ' di Pe H- ,••• ' e ris te s g 01' i 0 rot "I) 0 0 0 ;11 p r o ar Job ° 0 0 % a be 0 t, 0 11 i. coolo lov' „e b P litc : r e S pa, PlB ai ',I.