The Sun. — London, England, 1838-11-02 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 2, 1838. use every exertion to promote the best interests of trade and commerce.—(The speech was received with loud cheers.) The healths of the Vice-Presidents, Messrs. Mottley and Abrams, were then drunk, and were acknowledged in eloquent terms. The CHAIRMAN then proposed " Prosperity to the Ramsgate Steam Company," which was acknowledged by Mr. COMM in suitable terms. Mr. CARTER then proposed, with a proper eulogium upon their services, " the healths of the Captains of the Steam Companies." Captain CORBIN briefly acknowledged the toast. The CHAIRMAN then proposed " the healths of the Agents of the various Steam-packet Companies." Mr. CARTER returned thanks, and exposed forcibly the state to which Margate had been reduced by local taxation. He had, after a twenty years' residence there, found himself 1,5001. poorer than he had been before he became an inha bitant of the town. After he had been an agent of the General Steam Navigation Company, he had found that four shillings a chaldron had been exacted by the Pier Company, as a coal duty. He had found, however, that by Act of Parliament the right existed to charge only two shillings a chaldron.—(Hear.) He had on this represented the circumstances to the Company who had sent down Captain Thatcher to investigate the matter with him. They had urged the matter upon Mr. Jervis, who was then the Commissioner, and who stated that they should have discovered the affair before, but that in future only two shillings per chaldron should be charged. This was demurred to, but Mr. Jervis stated that although he would in future charge only two shillings a chaldron, yet for every one re-shipped he would charge one shilling, if they demanded a repayment of the two shillings formerly charged. The Company was therefore bound to submit to the grievance, Again, when the chaldron was altered to the ton, although there was a difference of one-sixth, yet the Pier Company would only allow a difference of one eighth. Then, although the Pier Company had at one' period realized a capital of 14,0001., which was within 11,0001. of its debt, which, if paid, would restore the pier to the inhabitants, yet, as on all similar occasions, when it was found likely that the debt would be paid off, the sum derived for the payment of the debt was immedietely dissipated.—(Hear.) This was the case in all similar in stances, and th as it was that the best interests of Margate were sacrificed to the interests of those who desired to in crease its amount of local taxation.—(Cheers.) Mr. MOTTLEY then forcibly exposed the injury suffered by the town and port of Margate by its local taxation, and hoped for the assistance of the Metropolitan Press to ameliorate abuses. Mr. A NDERSON declared that in any case in which the Metropolitan Press could be informed of such abuses as those referred to, proper notice would be taken of them, and every effort used to crush them.—(Cheers.) The CHAIRMAN observed that before he resigned the office of President, he must say that every effort of Mr. Attwood and of the Steam Navigation. Companies would be given to promote the prosperity of the towns in the Isle of Thanet.—(Cheers.) Several other toasts were then drank, and the company separated, all having been highly delighted with the hilarity and harmony which had distinguished the proceedings of the evening. THE LATE COAL-PIT EXPLOSION (FURTHER PARTICULARS.) One of the most remarkable circumstances connected with this melancholy affair was that of two men and two boys who were in the act of descending the shaft at the moment the ex plosion took place. Their names were John Gill, James Cowper, John Winn, and John Nutter ; they had left the mouth of the pit, and had attained a depth of about one hun dred yards when they encountered the whole force of the exploi6an. John Winn was blown out of the basket perpen dicularly to the month of the shaft, and fell headlong down it again; his death must consequently have been in stantaneous. The other man was thrown up the shaft, and landed on the bank without sustaining much harm. The boy Nutter fell so near the edge of the shaft that his legs lung down it, land on so nar•ow a space was he lodged that bad he been conscious of his position and moved a limb he must inevitably have tumbled down the pit and perished. Yet he remained on his dangerous lodgment for at least five minutes, and at the moment he recovered his senses was seized by the hand and rescued from impending destruction. The other boy crept out of the basket in which he had been lying unobserved, about a quarter of an hour after the blast bad subsided. The greatest number of bodies were discovered at a dis ance of about 200 yards from the shaft, at a place called the Steer, where they bad evidently been congregating whilst the two overmen, who bad preceded them, were travelling round the workings, to ascertain the state of the air. The investigation before the Coroner commenced on Fri day, and was adjourned till the following morning, when the Jury, after a short consultation, returned the following ver dict :—" That Joseph Cape [we merely select the first name upon the list of sufferers, the verdict in :all the other cases was of - course the same], on the 24th day of October, being with other workmen in a certain coal-pit, called John Pit, situate at or near Harrington, and about to go to work there, it so happened that when there, by some means or other, the fire damp or inflammable air, which was lodged in the same pit, took fire and exploded, by means whereof the said Joseph Cape was then and there suffocated and burnt, of which said suffocation and burning the said Joseph Cape did then and there die, and so the said Jurors upon their uhths aforesaid say that the said Joseph Cape accidentally, casually, and by mis fortune came by his death in manner and by means aforesaid and not otherwise ; but lament that due precaution had not been used by Lancelot Tate, the coal-agent, in securing the main air -course, which might have prevented this lamentable accident. "—Abridged from the Cialberland Paquet. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. N ov , 1. —The following is an able summary of the Drysal tery trade during, the past month, as furnished by an eminent broker : Indigo has advanced 4d. to 6d. per lb. since the termination of the quarterly sales, in consequence of information from Calcutta, to the end of August last, that a great part of the crop had been destroyed by inundations, and several hundred chests have changed hands at those rates, chiefly at 4d., and a further advance is expected by many ; the quantity delivered from the warehouses during the past month amounts to 3,415 chests, making nearly 12,000 chests in three months—a greater quantity, by far, than ever took place before in the same period of time. Lae-dye is in more request for exportation, and some of the ordinary qualities have obtained rather higher prices ; fine qualities continue scarce, and are much wanted for home use. Cochineal continues in good demand, both for home use and for exportation ; but the competition in realizing, on the part of the consignees, immediately on ar:ival, prevents any advance, notwithstanding the severe loss to the importers ; and at the public sales last week, prices declined 2d. per lb. ; it is now, however, impossible to buy at these rates, at which there are several orders. 150 bags of Mexican are advertised for to morrow ; and 76 Honduras for Wednesday next. Wool, TRADE.-The Wool trade continues steady. The imports in the week ending to-day have been only 1,652 bales, of which 466 bales were from Germany, 1,16 S from Sydney, and the rest from Turkey. The accounts received to-day from Swan River, dated the 14th of March, mention that an other loss of cattle had lately taken place in William's dis trict. The disorder which attacked the animals, notwithstand ing theie high condition, carried them off in a few hours. The cause of the epidemic, which had appeared in most of the located districts of the colony, remained unexplained, farther than that it was attribdtcd to their being what was termed " hoveti," or blown. The advices from Launceston and Hobart Town to the 30th of June, still remark upon the great mortality which prevailed among the flocks. From New York we learn, under the date of the 14th ult., that there had been some activity in the wool-market, and that prices were steady. We stated a short time ago thaw application had been made to the Mag • strates at the Town Hall, Southwark, the disposal of a female infant which had been placed under tl, . o care of a woman named Carter, by a surgeon at Camden T's , and which it was then sought to remove, although there': Mrs. Carter at thatats' a considerable sum due for nurs ing.ime refused to give up the child till assured that it would be fairly treated. Yesterday, Mr. Clarke, the surgeon referred to, had a private interview with Alderman Venables, the sittin Magistrate, and subsequently a very lengthened investiati g took place in the public office, from which, how ever nn Ti tl n i t e only facts that could be gleaned were these:— N a lr. nu C r . lsaork fore hadthe infant been e mployed profession a ll y to p parents, soon after its birth, by t h e , whos e names b e did n ot mention publicly, on th e g : nts that it wou ld serve families ; no good pur and that the in pose, ana wou fant ld d h a d istrernssun:Lo e highly respectabl e first h entrusted to a Mrs. Goodbody, and subsequently t o Mrs.eC n arter, wh o , a f ter s ome time, refused, from some motive unknown, the child when called upon , alleging that she feared to ed s o g me foul i ve up _ play. She had also suddenl y mov ed from her residence and at one time represente d to Mr. Clarke th at the child Nhildirwasciead. A number of letters , written to Mrs. C arter by were read, intimating that unless she agreed to deliver up child when called upon, no money would be paid . , . and ihith e appeared to be the reason why there were arr ears due. Ni ,. s Clarke having satisfied the Magi,trate that he had authority to receive the child, it was ultimately arranged that it should be given up this day. Nothing transpired respecting the p a _ rents, except that the father is an elderly gentleman of fortune. - - , - LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY AFTERNOON.--The London and Birmingham mail, which should have arrived here early this morning, did not reach Liverpool until noon. This detention was caused by the negligence of a workman, whose duty it is to attend to what in railroad phraseology is termed the " switches," by which the train was guided to a wrong line, thus throwing the engine against an embankment. Fortunately the steam was instantly let off, and no damage was done. CIVIC HORSENIANSIIIP.—It turns out that up wards of 1201. was said out of the Corporation funds for teaching the Alderman and Common Councilmen to ride, to whom the equestrian part of the pr o c ess i on , on th e Q ueen ' s Visit to the City, a;signed. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TO.DIORROW. Nl,rnino 53 minutes after 2 Evening l5 minutes after 3 The publication of THE SUN NEWSPAPER commenced this day at 20 minutes past Three o' Cloth. ~~~~ ._ ~~~' -7; " i t f'''-- - y*, ) r i2,p, Zin 'A.tal+ WITH WHICH THE " TRUE SUN" IS NOW INCORPORATED. LONDON: FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 2, 1838. In resuming the subject of the dangers which threaten the British power in India, if measures be not forthwith adopted to bridle the ambition of Russia, we cannot avoid alluding with some degree of satisfac tion to the growing unanimity of the metropolitan Press upon this very important question. Even those Tory Journals who only a few months ago held up the Emperor NICHOLAS, the despoiler of Poland, as a pattern of regal virtue—as combining in himself all the great and good qualities that could adorn a Throne—as the bulwark of Britain against the spolia tion-plots of the Radicals of London, Birmingham, and Glasgow—and as the idol of Tory worship, as represented in the adulations of such Statesmen as the Marquis of LONDONDERRY-have suddenly joined the most Liberal Papers in denouncing what the servile supporters of Ministers have affected to ap plaud as the " pacific policy" of our Govern ment. As we are in the habit of quoting the articles of our Morning Contemporaries, it is possible that many of our readers may remember the red-hot zeal with which the Post defended the seizure of the Vixen, in a free port of the Black Sea, by Russia, and the confiscation of the ship and cargo, for the benefit of the Imperial Treasury. The Post was in raptures with the spirit displayed by the CZAR on that occasion, and gravely maintained that his MAJESTY was too deeply read in international law-- was too exemplary in his observance of his alliances with other Powers—to commit the shadow of an in fraction of the law of nations. In fact, the CZAR was then represented as deploring the excessive exten • siveness of his empire, which he sought to consolidate and protect from piratical aggression ; but which, in reality, he had not the remotest idea of extending. How different was the language which The Sign then, and for many years before, held, is sufficiently known to the readers of this Journal. Well, the Post has come over to our views at last. The CZAR is fairly flung overboard ; and that the sincerity of our Con temporary's conversion may be liable to no suspicion, he thus, on Monday last, opened his well-directed fire upon the Imperial flag : The crisis has at length arrived when the artful policy of Russia, as directed against the noblest and most valuable colo nial possessions of this country, must per force impress itself upon the attention of the English people—hitherto but too supine in measuring the weight, condition, and importance of those territories of Great Britain which are immediately con. netted with that main source and secret of all her power and glory—her naval pre-eminence and empire on the seas. • • • * it * India is attacked, and we are at war iiith Persia, or Russia, or with both. The Morning Post of Saturday published exclusively, in a second edition, the importar t intelligence which makes it imperative upon the community to prepare their minds for all that may happen —best or worst—by atten tive consideration' of (what, spite of repeated warnings, they have too long disregarded) the ambitious views of Russia upon British India, and how well her ambition is backed by the genuine advantages, wealth, and aggrandisement which such a possession would secure. The whole question, too, enlarges as we look at it, and becomes one of European peace or war. We will not be so hasty as some of our Even ing and Sunday Contemporaries, who have reprinted our intel ligence under the prominent large-lettered head of " War with' Russia," because present advices only tell us that some Russians assisted the Persian forces, and that an officer was killed, as is since asserted, by accident. But there is quite enough in the news to bring a war with Russia within the range of immediate probability, if not even of non-avoidance. The increased importance of India, and the increased anxiety of Russia artfully and secretly to wind her way to its very gates, have long thrust themselves before Lord Palmerston and his Colleagues, who, however, have always been blind, halt, and lame, in all matters of foreign and colonial policy, and more especially in those of most moment to the empire. Giving the Post all due credit for sincerity in this exposition of the real policy of the CZAR, we may be allowed to express our surprise that a Journal which so recently applauded the views of the noble represen tative of the late Lord CASTLEREAGII—the base betrayer of the independence of Poland in 1815 should all at once express such virtuous indigna nation at the line of Foreign policy, as regards Russia, hitherto pursued by Lord PALMER ton. That our Contemporary's attack on the Govern , ment is richly deserved, we freely admit, but it comes with an exceedingly ill grace from a Journal which dared to advocate the right of Russia, based on the treaty of Unkiar-Skelessi, to close the Black Sea against the British flag ; nay, more, to confiscate that flag, and thus hold up our boasted sovereignty of the seas to the ridicule of every tribe, from the Black Sea to the Indus. We are heartily sick of having every great question perverted into a petty contest for office ; and we are the more sick of this from witnessing how few considerations, beyond those arising from the emoluments and honours of office, enter into the calcu lations of the leaders of either party. In all that re lates to the Foreign policy of Great Britain, the Tories have proved themselves as arrant bun , - lers as the Whigs ; and their wars have been carried on with a degree of prodigality abroad and corruption ac home, the fatal consequences of w hich will he long and painfully felt by the work ing classes of this country. Nevertheless, so con vinced are we of the absolute necessity of adopting such measures as shall effectualy check the progress of Russia in the East, that we would support any Go vernment which would pledge itself to the opening of the Black Sea, the restoration of Polish independence, and the strengthening of our Oriental alliances— trusting to the House of Commons for effectual checks upon everything like an extravagant expenditure. I3e_ sides, if Russia will provoke us to defend ourselves— to protect the rights of British commerce—measures must be had recourse to which shall saddle her with the cost. We have long pursued the system of subsidizing nations to defend themselves, or at least not to unite with our enemies. Is it not time that we should learn, if a tyrant compel us to have recourse to arms, that we are entitled to claim a full indem nity in the event of our being successful ? So much for the absence of Whig and Tory spirit in the views which we take of a war with Russia. We care not a rush for the pretensions of faction to a superior skill in the guidance of public affairs during the continuance of hostilities. We look simply and directly to the interests of the people—the nation at large. But will there be a war ? Not immediately, if the leaders of either party can avoid it. Russia has discovered by this time that she has com mitted a blunder in Persia, and she is quite sensible that in the event of a rupture we would command the moral, if no part of the physical, support of Western Europe. plumed b eaver Her wily Ministe r w ill doff' his to Lord PA LALE s ß te S r T , O ti zsr le , p an os d sib d i e li p ty lor o e f , in the name of his Imperial A any misunderstanding between two Powers, on account of acts which the Em PEROR reg ar d s with horror; ' and— if the people can be gulled to permit such a shameful abandonment of British interests —the quarrel, for the present, may end in smoke, as far as concerns Et,land. Not so as regards R uss i a . T he first moment of b our w i i n ll en be a r e i ; 1,1- i l e le ha S r l n l l A le i s l s easy confidence will b ie e ld a e b d use to d. dicukd for having y of our Envoy, and Russia will labour both day and night to recover by intrigues, by bribes, and by menaces, the ground both in the East and West, of which England, in a moment of unexampled good fortune, all at once deprived her. When Russia, to speak the language of her semi-official oracle, finds herself prepared to contest the Sovereignty of India with us at Calcutta, then—and we fear not till then, if left to itself--would our Cabinet, whether Whig or Tory, declare war against the AUTOCRAT. But where will England then look for the gallant spirits who all but gave independence to Poland ? Shall we have the SULTAN, and Austria, for not reluctant allies and witnesses of the humiliation of the CZAR ? Shall we gain, at the expence of millions, what the outlay of thousands would now purchase for us and for Europe ? These questions are worthy the attention of the people of England, and with them it will rest to decide whether Great Britain shall assert her independence in every part of the world, o r continue the nominal ally, while descending to the indignity of appearing in the eyes of the world as the vassal, of a ruthless barbarian. We beg leave to inform the writer in Blackwood's Magazine, and the Country Gentlemen in general, that his and their hopes that the Landed Interest will escape a sever e pres sure " ne xt Session," are wholly without foundation. A formidable Anti-Corn -law Association has been formed at Manchester, the P ro _ visional Committee of which consists of 70 members, among whom are to be found some of the first Spinners, Calico-printers, &c., in the town and neighbour hood. JOHN BENJAMIN SMITH, Esq., one o f the Magistrates of Lancashire, is Treasurer, and the Society has already commenced its pro ceedings by inviting Mr. PAULTON, of Bolton, to lecture at Manchester. We have already noticed this gentleman's beneficial labours, and we arc gial to learn that they have given as much satisfaction at Manchester as at Bolton. His lecture yesterday week at Manchester was attended, we are informed, by at least one thousand persons ; and it is worthy of notice by the landowners, that those parts of his lecture which most bitterly condemned them, were received with the most hearty approbation. The application for tickets to attend his next lecture have been so numer ous, that it has been found not possible to grant them all. The Manchester Association, therefore, have wisely proposed, as one of their first operations, to engage Mr. PAULTON to lecture on the subject of t he Corn-laws in all the large towns of England during the winter. If they succeed in that, we are assured, from the applause he has received at Bolton and Manchester, that the flame he will kindle in the North will not only destroy the Corn Laws but scorch the landowners. Let them look to this in time. They have no hold on the affections of the country. They are of no use in society. Their dependents, and the agricultural labourers, hate them almost as much do the manufacturing labourers. They are now de servedly branded as a selfish, cruel, and unjust race of men, who sacrifice the interest of the public, and starve the labourers, for their own advantage ; and, if they persist in such an unrighteous course of proceed ing—if they obstinately support the Devil's laws, they can only expect severe and condign punishment. We have warned them, and we have warned the middle classes, that they can only stave off silent, creeping, withering ruin, or violent revolution, by exerting them selves to procure the repeal of the Devil's laws. On this account, mainly, we are glad to see the Manchester mcn at length bestirring themselves, and we do hope and trust that their example will be imitated by all who have at heart the peace and welfare of the community. If, as has been suggested, Mr. PA UL TON'S tour in the north were backed by some person or , persons lecturing in the agricultural districts, in order to convince the farmers that their interest is injured by the Corn-laws, as it really and effectively is, we should anticipate complete and quiet success. But whatever measures may be adopted, there is, w e are persuaded, no time to lose. Discontent is ripen. ing apace amongst the agricultural labourers, as well as in the manufacturing districts, and if hunger should sharpen discontent, the whole of our institu tions would be endangered. We beg the attention of our relders to the corres pondence between the Bishop of DURHAM and the Archdeacon of that Diocese, which will be found in another column. The Archdeacon, it appears, felt it his duty, in consequence of the " strong feeling" excited among the Clergy of the Arehdeaconry by the Right Rev. Prelate's subscription to Mr. TURNER'S sermons, to call his Diocesan's atten- Lion to the subject. The Bishop of Dull- HAM'S reply will, we are sure, be considered by every man possessing the least pretension to a Christian temper, as perfectly complete and satis factory. He states, what every one not carried away by blind bigotry, or unreasoning party spirit, must have well known, that in subscribing to thc publi cation of a volume of sermons, which he was assured were to be of a practical, not of a controversial na ture, he h a d n ot th e mos t di s tant intention of su b scr ibi ng to t h e pecu li ar op i n ions of the aut h or , or o f countenanc i ng an y doctrines at varian ce w ith t h ose o f t h e Ch urc h t o w hich he be longs, but that he acceded to Mr. TuRNER's wish that his name should appear in the list of subscribers as a personal compliment to that Reverend Gentleman, whose character and attainments he highly esteems. He a dd s , i n t h e true sp i r i t o f a m i n i ster o f that Gosp e l which enjoins men to avoid giving offence to a weak brother, that though << perfectly justified in his own mind," he would not have subscribed could he have foreseen the construction which his brethren have put upon his conduct. Well, indeed, may this amiable Prelate complain of the misrepresentation and calumny of which lie has been made the object by a set of fanatics and hypo crites. Well may he allude to the more liberal and charitable temper of the Church, when half the Bench subscribed, uncensurcd, to Dr. LARDNER'S which were known to contain an open avowal and de fence of those Unitarian doctrines which now excite so much horror in the minds of Churchmen. What will such pious persons say to the following extract from a letter to that great heretic from Dr. SEcKER, Arch bishop of Canterbury ? " Good Dr. Lardner,—l beg you will pray God to give me patience, and such degree of ease as he s h a ll think'fit ; and can only add, that as I hope my spirit is truly Chrisiiaq towards all who love the Lord Jesus in sincerity, so I am, with oblicring partbehiculaviour ar este to me dem an hrough li thankful.nefe,s s for th e w h o l e of your t " Your faithful friend and servant, Lambeth, July 13, 1768." THOMAS CANT. What ! an Archbishop ask a Unitarian Minister to pray for him ! How shocking ! What dreadful impiety I Was there no Archdeacon to ca ll his Grace to account for this dereliction of allegiance to orthodoxy ? The Morning Post of the 27 th ult. contai ns i n i ts leading columns a gross misrep r esentation both of th e circumstances which led to t he Treaty of li n ki ar Skelessi, and the Treaty of 6th July, 1827 ; asserting that the latter "laid the foundation of the circumstances, whereof the Treaty of Adrianople was the comple tion." The truth is, that the increased power of Russia, at the expense of her rival, Turkey, has arisen entirely from the able policy of Mr. CANNING being left to be carried into execution by his politica! and persowil rival, r,dio was actuated, according to the I system of English party feeling, by a desire to injure his credit, and indifferent to the consequences, as far as the country's welfare was concerned. The object of Mr. CANNING was to put an end to the piracy by which our Levant trade was nearly ruined, by re-esta blishing Greece as a nation, and opening a more valu able commerce with her people than was permitted to them in their then state of slavish dependence on Turkey. This project being concocted whilst Lord LIVERPOOL was the Prime Minister, and the Duke of WELLINGTON having undertaken to obtain Russian accession to it, during the severe season, and even whilst labouring under severe illness, shows that he himself, in common with the rest of the Cabinet, was then a willing party to it. Shortly after this, Lord LIVERPOOL became politically defunct; and upon the struggle for the post of Prime "Mi nister, arising out of that event, amongst his colleagues, Mr. CANNING was successful. The consequent breaking up of the purely Tory Government, and the prospect of more liberality, induced some of the more moderate of his Whig opponents to take office with him and give him their best support; whilst those with whom he had long acted in concert, particularly the Duke of WELLING TON, became his most bitter opponents. They were joined in this enmity to Mr. CANNING personally, by Lord GREY and a few of his particular adherents, whose ostensibleground for their personal dislike was Mr. CAN NING'S opposition to Parliamentary Reform. The Duke of WELLINGTON, upon becoming Premier, termed the battle which arose out of the Treaty an " untoward event," although it facilitated the complete execu tion of Mr. CANNING'S treaty, to which he had now become opposed. Those on the spot, in common with the Turkish and Egyptian politicians, saw in this term a termination of the triple al liance, and contemplated a hostile feeling on the part of England towards Russia, by which Power a very marked approbation of the action had been shown. In the hope, therefore, of drawing Eng land into her support, Turkey insulted Russia, by openly disavowing any intention of fulfilling the Treaty of Akerman, which she had previously and with due solemnity made with Russia, knowing that the latter must immediately avenge the insult by war, and relying upon English support in her resist ance of the consequences. But political party feeling— the predominant feeling in all English councils—joined with total ignorance of the probable results, beyond the opportunity of throwing obloquy upon Mr. CANNING'S Treaty, led to our leaving our ancient ally, as Turkey has been emphatically termed, for party purposes, in the lurch, and abandoning her to her fate, under an ill-founded conviction that no Russian army could ever pass the Balkan. Next arose the consternation on the part of our Government, which encouraged DI EBITSCII to deceive the Turks into the Treaty of Adrianople, when a proper interference might have enabled the Turks to turn the scale. Our very wonder in duced Russia to demand a still more ruinous sum of money, as indemnity for her forbearance, than Turkey had agreed to pay. So much for the conduct of the Tory party Government, who quitted office with the taunt to their successors that they could not preserve peace for six months. This taunt made peace, upon any terms, the main purpose of the Whigs. And thus the Whig Government, guided by similar party considerations, refused assistance to the SULTAN, when asked to protect him against MEHEMET ALI, for fear of being led into difficulty and expense, and thereby drove him to claim the protection of Russia as the only means of pre serving his Throne. As to the Whigs being the cause of the present state of affairs in the East, as stated in the Morning Post, is therefore as fallacious as it is impudent. But they are justly blameable for not profiting by so favourable an opportunity of retrieving the errors of their Tory predecessors, by not sending at once into the Black Sea a British squa dron. With respect to the injury done to Turkey by the battle of Navarin, party writers are equally in error. The Turkish ships of the line in that port were so leaky as to be obliged to pump night and day, to keep them from sinking ; and when In HA rir contrary to his word of honour, attempted to enter the Gulph of Lepanto, and was met off Patras and driven back by a part of the English squadron, he did not venture to take any of those ships of the line with him, knowing the probability of their foundering__ as one of them subsequently did on her passage to Alexandria, and the others not destroyed in the battle, were obliged to be run aground withi❑ the port, to save the lives of the crew. Moreover, besides having sent only such ships as would be no loss, the SULTAN saddled MEHEMET ALI with the whole expense of the expedition, fleet, and troops. Had Mr. CANNING lived, he might possibly have acceded to the proposal of Russia, that in con sequence of the insult offered to the Allied flags, we should insist upon that agreement with the object of the Treaty which had been refused by the Turks, whilst it was readily given by the Greeks ; the three Powers binding themselves to each other not to benefit in any way, by territory or other advantages, by what ever measures an obstinate perseverance on the part of the SULTAN might render necessary to effect the joint object. Had this proposition been assented to by the English Government, the English Admiral would have had the execution of it, the EMPEROR having proposed that he should continue in the com mand of the three squadrons"; and had his army hesi tated to retreat from any advance they might have made into the Turkish territory, a French army was ready to be conveyed to the point necessary for enforc ing it. Taking this view of the consequences of Mr. CANNING'S measure being executed under his aus pices, it is not to be doubted that Turkey would have been benefited rather than injured, by receiving the regular tribute from Greece, instead of being at the expense of endeavouring to suppress a revolt which was endangering the whole of her Asiatic terri tory ; piracy would have been put down effectually ; and Russia would have remained as she was when the Treaty was signed. Another county meeting in Ireland is announced for the Bth of this month. The general object of the meeting is, in the words of Mr. O'CoNNELL, " for the equalization of civil and religious liberty with the rest of the British empire," but its especial and im mediate object is for the abolition of tithes. Sir RO BERT PEEL and his party now regret, and will re aret to their last moments, the fatal obstinacy with which they resisted every species of Parliamentary Reform ; yet they have ever since the memorable discussions on the East Retford question been following precisely the same course as regards the question of Tithes in Ireland, and every day adds new proofs that their labours in this cause, will, in a very few years, have the same reward. The High Church Journalists begin to see the danger, and are frantic with rage against the Marquis of HEADFORT and Lord HOWICK, and every man who looks dispassionately on the subject, and leave no means untried to excite the Protestants of this country against the Government, and against their Catholic fellow -subjects in Ireland. But the " No Popery' cry has had its day. Many of our clergy pre fast verging towards the doctrin es o f t h e Church of Rome ; and the great body of the people, namely, all who are not Tories, begin to see that it is not for the sake of religion, but for filthy lucre, that the ultra- Church party make such determined resistance to the just claims of the Irish nation. They cannot fail to s ee also that a struggle with seven millions in such an unjust cause would be utterly hopeless. If the Scot tish nation, amounting to little more than a seventh part of that number, wrested the Tithes from the Episcopal clergy, and conferred them on a Church which differs more from the Church of England than that Church differs from the Church of Rome, what chance has any Tory Government of resisting the united efforts of nearly the whole population of Ire land ? Catholic landlords, and Catholic peasantry, are unanimous on the subject—the Protestant land lords in their hearts wish them success, or openly join with them, and were Sir ROBERT PEEL in office to morrow, he would be forced to make concessions ten times greater than would have satisfied the Catholics only five years ago. This is the natural and the just consequence of resisting reasonable demands. He has already received two great lessons on the folly of Tory ism, and notwithstanding all the aid of Lord STANLEY and Sir JAMES GRAHAM, and the new born zeal of such men as Sir FRANCIS BURDETT, he must speedily submit to a third. We are glad to see that the case of 'WILLIAMS which appeared in The Sun yesterday, has furnished our Contemporary, the Morning Chronicle, with an opportunity of resuming those dissertations on the in equality of the English laws which formerly earned for it a deservedly great reputation. We quote, in support of the views we yesterday took, the following para graph.:— " Law in England is deemed an advantage, from which the poor ought to be excluded. We see, for instance, in the case of a poor Welsh weaver, a Parson Magistrate coolly fixing bail at a sum far beyond what the friends and neigh bours of such a man can possibly give, and this because he felt it of importance that threats of violence against officers in the administration of justice should be repressed. And this is in the year 1838, just one hundred and fifty years since the fine of 30,0001. imposed on the Earl of Devonshire, and the high bails exacted from several other individuals, led to the famous stipulation in the Bill of Rights. In England the lord is everything and the poor man nothing ; and while the whole country rung with the injustice done to the Whig aristocracy before the Revolution, poor men are dragged o gaol day after day from inability to find bail, and the thing passes as a matter of course. The whole legislation of England has for its object only the ease and comfort of the rich ; and the higher classes, we know, will turn up their noses at the presumption of any one thinking that the rights and comforts of the poor should be deemed woolly of a moment's regard." The public will learn with great pleasure that the Great Western has weathered the severe gale of Monday last, in gallant style, having been spoken with, all well, some hundred miles on her passage across the Atlantic. We direct particular attention to the letter of a " Manufacturer," respecting the Manchester and Rugby Extension Railway. If it be true that the great monopolists of the London and Birmingham and Grand Junction Railway Companies have at length made com mon cause with the Manchester and Birmingham Company, the public will do well to look to themselves. We are, and always have been, advocates for the ex tension of Railways ; but it does not, therefore, fol low that we are advocates for monopoly. As compe tition is the soul of enterprise, so is it the safety guardian of the public against imposition and oppres sion. In this feeling alone do we caution, not . only the public, but the promoters of Railway undertak ings, to act prudently and with circumspection, for no party will long put up with undue demands by the other. We direct the attention of our readers to the Report of what took place between Lord PALMER STON and a deputation of merchants on the subject of the Mexican blockade, at the Foreign Office, on Tuesday, which will be found in another part of The Sun. It is with pleasure we observe that his Lord ship appears at last alive to the importance of pro tecting our commerce, and the honour of our flag, in all parts of the world. A case which has just been decided at the Michael mas Quarter Sessions, in Essex, illustrates the views we have presented to the public of the opposition of interest betwixt the titheowners and the landowners, and the prospects of what will ensue when the Corn laws are abolished. The inhabitants of South Weald, Essex, rated the Vicar to the poor on account of his tithe-rent charge amounting to 5641. at 4501., thus abating twenty per cent. This, however, did not satisfy the Reverend Incumbent, who, urged on by the general demands now made by the great body of the priesthood, and acting in their avaricious spirit, appealed against the rate. The appeal was heard by two clerical Magistrates, who, according to Mr. KNox's statement at the Quarter Sessions, sus tained the appeal without inquiry, and further reduced the sum to be rated to the poor 50 per cent., or mak ing it 2251. instead of the full sum of 5641. That was the clerical view of what is justice towards the re ceivers of tithes. From this clerical deci sion the parish appealed to the Quarter Ses sions —and, as on the Bench, the laymen and landowners outnumbered the clerks, the Quarter Sessions, by a considerable majority, quashed the order of the two clerical Magistrates, and restored the original rate. On the Bench there were four clergy men, and they all voted for enforcing the order made by their two brethren, while all the lay Magistrates present, except Mr. G. PALMER, M.P. for Essex, by the grace of the Parsons, voted for rescinding it. The lay Magistrates' ideas of justice differed totally from those of the clergymen, and it redounds not much to the credit of either, that both decided accord ing to their own interest and in their own fa vour. Now, when gentlemen on the Bench, take such different views, and so openly wrest the law to their purposes, what can be expected from them when they make the laws ? Let the abolition of the Devil's laws, then, but once bring the greedy;and impoverished landlords into direct collision with the owners of the tithe-rent charge on their estates, and it will be not worth six months' purchase. If the people of Ireland, who are now so vehemently reproved for demanding a total abolition of tithes, should find no countenance till the Corn-laws be abolished, they will then assuredly be fully justified by the conduct of the English landlords. Advices from Constantinople of the 10th ult., re ceived this day, state positively that Mr. M'NEIL, our Ambassador in Persia, has returned to Teheran, and that agents from the SHAH, with explanatory letters for Lord PALNIERSTON, are on their way to England. The SHAH has offered to guarantee by treaty the independence of Herat, stipulating only for the liberty of retiring from before it unmolested. We have received letters and papers from Madrid to the 23d ult., inclusive. General NA RWAEZ con tinued in the capital, where the QUEEN had com manded him to remain till after the meeting of the Cortes. The journals bring no news from the theatre of war, with exception of stale rumours not worth re peating if even true. We copy from the Gazette the only paragraph that attracted any notice It having been maliciously reported " that the same har mony did not now exist as formerly between the Governments of Spain and England, in consequence of the fact of the charge d'affaires of her Britannic Majesty (Lord William Hervey), who has given many proofs of his desire to maintain that harmony, not having attended at the late besamoros at the Palace, we are authorised to state that never, at any period, wera the relations between the tao Cabinets more intimate and friendly than at the present moment, and that there never was a time when the enemies of our cause, covert or de. dared, had less grounds for spreading the reports to which we have alluded." The Paris papers of Wednesday are full of specu lations on the question of a war between England and Russia, and the probable formation of a closer alliance between France and this country. The Siecle alludes to a report of a secret alliance between the CITIZEN KING and the CzAtt, but only for the purpose of expressing a disbelief in it—adding, that h a ve rupie Treaty has shown that France can allies, so long as the Chamber shall want Fatresolutio assume the initiative in her foreign relations. r different is the language of the Editor of the Couroe f Francais, who gravely states that the friendship France has become an object of European solicittl7: the Gnat and in a spirit of barter, intimates that the mu. desired alliance is not likely to be formed wit ll ° ll. valuable consideration ! We take the following Cr tract from a long article, filled with abuse of the E ° lish Press, in order to make a few passing rei n°. upon the grave statements which it contains and Th n e organs of the most opposite parties, Tories, ''." 13 1 7,ir adtcals, divided upon every otherpoint, unite 1 0 clamours against France. Sometimes it is he v i nes, r i e l ; cently converted to Toryism, which demands from us an ac, c , 1 , ° , 13 0 of the conquest of Algiers, an enterprise undertaken ri"",go the consent of England, as though we were not a sore ,f r e r ' r people, but the vassals of a foreigner Sometimes the nett ing Chronicle accuses us of meditating the invasion of and, doubtless to awake the susceptibilit of Lord Palmerst °°; of exciting the United States to take up y arms in favour of dal bandits whom in our justice we must chastise. Anotberolg the Courier reproaches the French J o urnals with Pre a . c i l o ur war and seeking to embroil England with Russia , as for articles had set in motion the troops which left lq ll % ra- dics l Bombay. To-day here is another story ; The Sun (a nj : dis' paper, par excellence), clearing at one leap the most v 4 ",,tits tauces, pretends that England France have only tog", to word, only to frown together, like another enraged JuPltelbst re-establish Polish nationality, and to annihilate Russia ;pg. if France refuses to associate herself in the campaign ° f t , be' lish radicalism, it will be, as the editor of The San saJ forehand, a signal perfidy. al • e it England needs our alliance. If she expects to g ir ie• easier and more completely by this language, in wh; e i h i naces dispute with injury, it is an illusion 'Which v",'; to be sipate itself; a nation like France will not allow herse:, intimidated. Doubtless there is no power in the. " -r e Russia not excepted, which could withstand a coaltlict France and England; such a coalition is in the r egular ° jot of things, and the course of events ought to bring it about' bs Po it must only be entered upon'on an en ti re equality. v e he re run the career of battles and advent ures enough, an d %f a re joining ourselves to a people so little chival rous in thCir It " ti we ought to calculate what we should derive from it. b France may close her eyes upon facts which only.h et v r- ,llc. minor ambition. When England took possession of the pef land Islands, and spoke of colonising them. the subjectarot not important enough to move us. But if they wish t° us into a war with Ru;sia, into a war which must ne c t become European, into a war which Engl a nd undertn , sse order to protect or extend her territorial possessions, IP' A ought to consider what England means to do for 119 '106 people who do all for themselves, and f or th e mselves A , t bei will not think it strange that we sho u ld as k them v 7115 ' 1 0 0 mean to do for us, and remind them of their favourit e " Nothing for nothing." -i" When the Empress of Russia, CA T HARINB an 1786, resolved upon the division of the ° tte t - to empire, she generously made an offer of EgY s ivc France, as the reward of an offensive and cie le- ve a alliance between the two Powers. Now we are ffer more munificent than the E m p re s s , for we , s „ s es, France to appropriate as mu c h o f Af r i ca a s she P e " t he without once remindi n g h er o f a T rea ty, whi ch e $ Courier Francais may possibly remem b e r, gi ves s oot rather annoying right of asking a world of lor e : - her questions about the right of France to esrab, a lisil d i t er power on the African shores of the l' e , t ramean. We have, moreover, overlooked a l l t ° ' v is suspicious circumstances connected with " I ":ty; PHILIPPE'S observance of the Quadruple ' r- roe t. and even permitted pra n k s to b e pl a y e d with our less cantile navy in the Mexican Gulf, which a P° wer cu lti observant of polite attenti ons th a n Franc e e hardly deny would give us strong claims to her g offices. tha t But enough of the force of this question' mor e we may approach the g i s t o f it a little us nearly. Would the Courrier Francais h ay . e rn ply believe that the friendship of France is s p i- e f o re a purchasable commodity ? Must England, • pohs h engaging her in a war for the restoration of cure ndependence, enter into an engagement to se cure her against the possibility of risk ? The Coe xtend r' Francais talks about our making war to e, l ) our territory. Now, we never dr eam t of s° Jr . , i f posterous an undertaking ; neith er did this ° ," r , nal ever recommend or sugges t t h e ann ihila tle f of Russia. All that we seek is the independence the Porte, the restoration of Polish independence; the free navigation of the Black Sea, and the malci r ", the Caucasian ridg e , an d th e W e stern shore of the Casa pian the limits of the Russian empire, o n the Ea ster side ; and in the realization of these projects we canoe& an cern the true interests of France to be less at stake ° nee our own. Seriously to propose an indemnity to Frg . for co-operating in an effort to restore the of Poland, would be to treat her with the grosseskid dignity ; and yet the Courrier Francais, while have us to enhance the value of her friendship, would ;„ter believe that such a proposal would be cordially °lois' tamed by her Government ! Surely no English j t, of ever aimed such 'a blow at the boasted chivalry oatiootal:, France. v ; rite' Of domestic intelligence there is none of any es . rest in the papers of Wed nes d a y. The followolotti, tracts from them contain all th e n ews they c°ll/ cate of any moment to an English reader :--- " Advices from Bagdad had been received in !gdYir:rfigCd , ~, nouncing that anoth e r cor p s o f B r i t i s h tro ops 00;a in the Persian Gulf, with a small °e park of artillerY, tsoisb tion, &c.; that regular communications had bee n es role between Bushi re and India, and that two British Oserfe , were stationed off Bu ssora h. Th ose troops were ti be poStb' a rallying point for th e numerous malcontents of l western provinces of Persia. —Courrier F ranc ais. „ h i s et; The Ministry has d e p r i ve d R ear- Ad m i ra l G a llois h i c ht mand in the Mediterranean. To the observation s w oe tiv measure has called forth, it has been rumoured tha t st ess vernment does full justice to one of the bravest and ul „, ° 6 of 'w e rienced officers of our navy, and that the sole roe t ', ts . measure is to diminish the expense of our aroute l t - we are always inclined to approve of retrenchments , YTh. v ices regret that the country should be deprived of the s , e t beg ts i be one of its ablest naval officers. It appears to us tha t th at ; „'4 of things in the Mediterranean is not so satisfactorYwe th' ye moment is well chosen to reduce our naval force. pi h s be too in choosing between two Admirals, the MinistrYwf, to,lbs been blamed by nobody if it had given the prefere n ', of ' brilliant o ffi cer who got possession of Ancona by on boldest co ema ups ph de main that our navy boasts. fon °. Sore of Marseilles of the 27th has t" - itt article : „ ‘, The arrival of the En g li s h p ac k e t the Corroofer"o our port, with important despatches from the Britis b . o ment, is said t o h ave b een i n consequence of e ertal on IP- tat respecting which th e E ng li s h P ress w ill d ou btless 5o t he P ° be it some information. It i s sa id t h at E ng l an d was /1. g iO of coming t o an arrangement w i t h t h e Sh a h o f Per e l roe p g Russian int r i gue succee d e d i n persua di ng him to e tr °° o hostile; that Russia had sent to his assistance se i °l in and a Gener a l, th a t t h e R uss i an G enera l w as :be action betwe e n th e P ers i an an d t h e E ng li s h ; se ul o uble s ter had pro o f s t h at t h e C zar was concerned i n the "„ P° Persia. This last news is said to have come by v ia l d so Constitutionnel. , A re BRUSSELS, OCT. 31.—The average prices 0 , t ober'• Rye, in the week ending on Saturda the 27th u c hec toli t ., o as follows :—Wheat, 25f. 45c. ; Re y , , l4f. 20c. Pe r es porta ti- s t Wheat is therefore free from impor t duty, and the 0 0 'ofit is prohibited. The import duty on RY e 21f. 50c. per 1,000 kilogrammes. cha r.. tb , The Marquis of Douro, accompan ied by Colons rdsi' coming from Ghent, arrived at p An i twerp on satu ad! 27th, and set out on the following day for Brussels' w as re • o s• SNIYRNA, OCT. 3.--The Capitan Pacha, whe inten ts A d to enter the Dardanelles, has suddenly changed bl s ua droOr e ol and steered to the South. Admiral Stopford's sc l e d jhi joined that of the Capitan Pacha, and almost seem ;oine" t be it. The English and Turkish sailors have been e e , r J tol d so their Admirals to live in harmony with each 0 4: 1 , 5 ' c i r si severest punishments are threatened on both 11 'AclOi re , cause should be given for di s p utes between theto•adrocs,ri Gallois is on the point of following the two liclu-tradict n specting the desti nat i on o f wh i c h the most co o reports are in circulation. FRENCH FUNDS.—Paats, OCToss* 51. Five per Cents., 1091. 95c. 1101. Four per Cents., 102 f. 40c. Three per Cents. 811. 40c. 45c. 5' e• Bank Actions, .:6751. 2,6 3 01. 2,r 83f. liente ~e Napies, 1011. 55c. 50c. Roman Five per Cents., 103% Spanish Actives, 18. Spanish Passives, 4. Belgian Five per Cents., 103 103 W• Belgian Bank, 1,450 f: Hay tian Loan, 3731. IntcHANGS ON LONDON. onf One month, paper,money, 21% 43 . Three months, paper, 25f. 27%c.; money, LATEST PRICES. Five per Cents. 109 f. 93c. Three per Cents., 81f. LOc. Bank Actions, 2,685 f. Romans ' 103%. Belgian Loan, HAM. Belgian Bani,L4s o f. Portuguese Three per Cent', 20W. Spanish Actives, 18. Spanish Passives, 4. /lapis!) Loan, NM