The Sun. — London, England, 1818-11-13 00:00:00

. -' 1-igt ►qs. pr. 95. 1):1; ow' 'teC 9` 13; 1.(10i Abe' : after a] 11l t t i via° irs of Wen t SO' of ied qOl O r th. 'ob i ' ore r of ill° rell [s°l ipi' of Y 0 et, Pri * s 9 ► ifjg f' -ng yesterday to the Painter of tie Prince - 7 ; e" of E ngland', Sir Thomas Lawrence. This a : *Sr ' who possesses highly distinguished talents, Has perfectly Seized the traits of the Emperor of Austria, tvhose Portrait is a finished resemblance. "The' Grand Duke Michael set out last night 4401' The Minute examination which it is understood that C aPt. Ross has been able to make of the whole the fadingsurrou land of Baffin's Bay , will be Productive of most ithportant benefit to Geogra "al and Hydrographical Science. From the Mort account given by Baffin, and the hasty tttan net in which he appears to have coasted this : rge B ay, modern Hydrograhers have been led e "ehtde p in that th e account of Baffin was ficti tins ' and a ccor di ngly dismissed the land from their charts. Captain Ross will he able to restore ti t : n its proper positions, with all the soundings, kt th &e. Th e Ad miralty will, no doubt, sanction, " e Y have d one on all similar occasions, an --tuenlie Publication of both voyages, for which :h":t PoSe C aptain Ross, i n part i cu l ar, h as, we T ersta nd, coll ecte d most ample materials.— h es t', with the journals and Collections, will of e4tr 'se be transmitted to that Office on the arrival of the ships. refer our Realers to an article in our Paper f 164 day tind er the head of TH E CoLoNtus, taken t 'l ' ll a Quebe c P aper, and we regret that, on ac i"et N " of it s l ength, we could not give it an earlier 41 P"r ta i ". ne It rela tes to a su bj ect of the utmost : 'lc eto c i v ili zed society, and is written with Legisl at i ve t, of th e nature of mankind, and of the it,l:l'" o f moral evil. Otte great political l is "Ithy of the notice of modern Re -44:11er5,3 if they are really actuated by a re kl(l f "r the People, and not by views of selL 1 4 ,.! 4111141 4)n, or a despicable thirst for popn lii, tY * Mr. LocKe, one of the wisest and most lt,:"°r Politicians and Philosophers, as is well ti:"' a nd as i s ment i oned in the article in ques devised a form of Government and system of lr for South Carolina, which were found to d et et erY respe c t i mpract i ca b le. Can, then, mo. 4411 Reformers suppose that they possess more voi °lvied ge of human nature, and more political tt e , 4l . than. Mr. L o c KB ? Th e truth is, a truth th kt er t° be too often repeated i n a refll ° orming age, e,ri Government founded upon mere theory, 5 11 d be eff ectua l, h owever ably constructed, tiu~ehe''erore we o ug h t to regard with the deepest fi q "4 , 4 ' 11 that h a pp y C onstitution, gradually I txt e u l 1 e - the wisdom of our ancestors, and the ll 'ored ° ( 1 which has been confirmed and Peri epcc' ue progressive operation of time and fr RA f , , 111 lli, (L i Is ) B URDETT.—The following Letter the 11 add itteman, in answer to one which had : i ecto rt ssed to him on the part of some of the cl or, " of Vo '-- , I • - ' YeSt MillSter, requesting him to take 4,,,. 'air a , 'in, - a Meeting for the purpose of consi ,4,e9ae'lieweht measures should he adopted in con 'asio ) f the vacancy in the Representation, 111)R, inert by t i 1 ) f ~•-• 1( 01 , t ,. le 11 11f0VItIllsite i death of Sir SA -1 'lle Li dr 'LLY, is so honourab e to . the _feelings 11 h ave _°',et that we insert it with pleasure, qt,,, o o h to add 0! si sic amnia : t,;;'tAte r , Kirby Park, Nov. 9, 1818 . 14 1. r " ite, i ~ - " -- On my arrival here, I found a numerou . sly i '' 'tt ' w quid ij.s•ti "" front the City of Westminster, requesting • so, r e t he 14,,,; ( ta ke the Chair at a Meeting intended to be li . el d o. itti,:tlai,t44,':e. of considering what, under the distre%itt, s kid vi j,. in which a recent misfortune has placed us, .i s It lose 1 r)le t o b e e gii .. 11, t i , . hour, 'hi tt i, n , '''e In expressing my readiness to accede to the •• - 411 ' con s i' d ",'I in assuring the Electors of Westminster, * tr.', W herl.l.. S e r 't a pleasure, as wall as a duty, to obey their ' l ce " r they judge me capable of rendering them any th e 'ti, res It, 4 e,•,,j'ect to the Cause, the sad cause, which has created lor,: tl aiii % o_ ' - •f . a f r esh strugg le for the independence of e,,,,"tit, t . 1 . ,, it nut be p roper for me to say more at 1' 11r, 41 "4 gr:"! t hat 1 share, with rvery honest heart, in the tri,: l cs 11 0 ,_ e r; an event so tutlootted for and overwhelming, 4 te k o ll ' i lf . '.it once to our bosoms the poignant anguish of °ion, and deep sense of public calamity. I reinain,,Gentlemen, lour roost obedient and very humble servant, (Signet!) FRANCIS BUIWETT. t"iia n , c vr tit . ent was yesterday further prorovied, h' l li , v ,,' 10 the 29th of December. The Lone( ,-4,44,-11.E;Lott ;Ind Lord 1 - lAaitowsv sat in the t - i tli( J P eers, and OK. Clerks Tres Messengersf 'st ti,`"r)tilltions attended as Repentatives o m u ,. t e ste • 4 1 4 ri es "ay the Duke of YORK transacted mil . itary . 91 14 3 vt.'itll the PRINCE REGENT at Carlton l' • "Jel. (111 1's • 11 r e. ~, 4°1171-t BANix..—lt is understood, that . I ` ll r I 'Y EXTE NTS could be issued against the at 1 1 41 st: n„:l,essrs. ( innwl N and Co. Bankers, v i ")? i: ", a Comnrissior► bad been opened, an( l e tlt st e l e (4clared Bankrupts ; and that, to pre et. t:'"tat i'l' in l'lry to the general Creditors, a provi 1111.),411.11.7)4itl., a_ricl sale and assignit i rent, l_ill . ( e l s b s e e e n n . k; r : Wet, I►y tl'e Commissioners, on( the 111 O'll r). In Possession of the property before the lik.'llt l''ess could get down. :s I i t "g 6A;lt-TeL ItomiLLY.—The remains of this eit'y'''eil and lamented man passed through ii r ,-rtil . , '''' Monday ; the cavalcade consisted of 1.0 six 14ttiders a hearse and six, arid a coach t,vl:e'lltil'a• roWci)ltih,vt,ile butler only; the body lay at (I I li • 4 A ol3Ciay ni.lit, and was expecte, to, Jet ()ill , rear /., '- t t . r eilnii . resteign, yesterday evening. t etl ' l 'l W t il l of Lady ROM' LLY arrived at (.lotices-, 14 4 f "esday last, and next morn i ❑ pro -4 "P XI I ' t il t , itatii the 'II, but the interment has been.de -I.4tieral arrival of Sir SAMUEL'S remains ; Ne 'vas expected to take place this day.— sten Jo 141 ' 141 , Nov. 1 1.) SHIP NEWS. DEAL, Nov. 12.—Ti.e 3d Regiment of Foot, or Buffs, embarked this morning on board tl►e Sir George Osborne and A...3l°ra transports, and the 29:b Regiment is now embarking on board the Brilliant and Lady Hamilton transports, for Ireland —Five o'Clock, the Stranger, and the Urania, are just getting under weigh. DOVER, Nov. the course of the last two days 46 vessels have arrived from France, bringing over the w4ole of the 3d Dragoon Guards, and the greate3t part of the 12th Lancers, con sisting of 600 men and GOO horses. RAMSGATE, Nor. 12.—Sailed several trans ports for Calais. . PORTSMOUTH, NOV. 12.-7—Came into harbour His Majesty's ship Esk to be paid off. LIVERPOOL, Nov. 11.--The Maria, HILT, for Savannah, parted last night from both cnbles in the river, ;and drove out to sea : she is now heat ing off the floating light.—N.B. The .-I‘laria has been supplied with an anchor al4d cable, and has come to outside. BRAtJMARIS, Nov. 11.— The brig Gladwin, CLARK, from Jamaica for Liverpool, was driven on shore, about 3 miles from this place, last night about eight o'clock, and is a complete wreck— her cargo consists of cotton, coffee, ginger, su gar, &c. &c., a part of which is expected to be saved. (('ustorn-house Li:t to-morrow.) THE MARKETS CORN EXCHANGE, Nov. 13. We have had no arrivals from our own coast since Wed nesday, yet the Wheat Trade was very heavy this morning, and only that of fine qualities could he disposed of, but for which last Monday's prices were obtained. Fine English Barley supports Wednesday's prices, not having any fresh supply to-day; but Foreign was dull in sale, and rather cheaper. Oats arc full Is. per quarter dearer, notwithstand ing the large arrivals from abroad. Id Pease and Beans there is no alteration. SMITHFIELD, Nov. 13. Our show of Beasts this morning was very large, and sales in Beef were brisk, and prices dearer than on Monday. The supply of Sheep was uncommonly short, and all sales were effected in the early part of the morning at higher prices than last week. There was a good supply of Pigs at market, and Pork was cheaper; but very few Calves, and prices nominal as per last.—Little or no business was done in the Hay market this morning, there being but few buyers at market, and what sales were got off were at the same prices as our last quotations. Clover has drooped in price; Straw was Qs. per load cheaper this morning; and the trade in general brisk. The annexed is a correct statement of the Numbers and Prices at market:— (To sink the Offal; per Stone of Albs.) Beef ls. Ad. to ss. Od. Veal 4s. 6d. to Gs. 8d I Mutton ..4s. 6d. to 6s. 2d. Pork 4s. 6d. to 7s. Od CATTLE AT MARKET. Beasts Calves HAY AND STRAW PER LOAD. Hay.... k 5 0 0 to,CB 00( Clover.. ,C 6 00to k 9 0 0 Straw A: . 4 8 oto [2 18 0 Sir GREGOR M'GReGoa has sailed from the Dovrns with his Staff, which is composed of Col. O'HARA, Capt . :Lave, the Hon. Capt. SEMPLE, Capt. COLCLOUGH, and several other fine young men. j The Coroner's Inquest met at the sign of the Duke ot Wellington public-house, Cannon -street, St. George's in the East, last night, between eight and nine o'clock, on the body of L. George, a child about two years old, son ot Mr. George, butcher, whose house was burnt on Tuesday night last, as mentioned in THa Surf of Wednesday.— After taking a view ot tl►,e body, which lay at an undertaker's in the neighbourhood, and hearing evidence, they brought in their verdict " Acci dental Death." It appears the little sufferer, when found, had his hand over his face, and was very little burnt ; suffocation seemed to have caned his death. It is supposed the fire was occasioned through the carelessness of a servant. ACCIDENTS TO MAIL COACHES.—On Monday morning the driver of the Edinburgl► mail , wLile at Huntingdon, having left the box; the horses sud denly ran off; but had not proceeded far before the leaders both fell,and were soon secured,and no no material injury sustained. A similar occur rence took place the same morning at Greetham : but we are sorry to say was attended with more serious consequences. The horses of the Glas gow mail took fright, and the driver, running up to stop them, made a sudden snatch at the reins, but was thrown down in the attempt ; and the wheels passing over his neck, he (lied in a few hours. Both mails were nearly an hour be hind their usual time of arriving at Grantham. A new invention of considerable merit - bas made its appearance in the manufacture, on an entire new principle, of that most useful accompaniment of the toilet, the Hair Brush. It is, we under stand, the invention of Mrssus. Ross and SONS, of Bishopsgate-street. A new musical keyed instrument has been in vented, called the CEdephone, which rivals the Harmonica in brilliance and stability of tone, and possesses such a rapidity of enunciation as will execute any music. Its particular destination, however, would appear to be, from its great power of expression, to accompany a Piano-torte in playing the parts usually given to the bowed in struments, or to play the words to any music what ever. It is unfortunate that a Professor cannot immediately satisfy himself of the powers of the CEdeplione, as a particular tact, compounded of the difficulty of playing both bowed and keyed instruments, and the acquisition of which can only be expected from practice, is indispensable. The Inventor himself seems unable to play any thing but slow and simple music upon his own in strujnent, or indeed upon any other. P 0 E T It Y. WELLINGTON'S ADDRESS TO THE ARMY ON QUITTING FRANCE; ALTERED FROM "BRUCE'S ADDRESS TO HIS ARMY BRITONS Who with MARLBRO' bled, ye whom VvELL'SLEY often led, Welcome to your peaceful bed, • And to liberty. Haii ! all hail this happy hour ! See your native mountains tower, You who crush'd th' Usurper's power, And set Europe free. R . ho, that loves his Country's laws, ‘Vho, that sanctions Freedom's cause, Dare oppose the World's applause Of British Soldiery ? Who, when King and Country call, Battle's rage nor Death appal, Nobly stand or nobly fall, Merits to be free Ye who, spite of woes and pains, Ye who bled your dearest veins, To unlink oppression's chains, Setting thousands free; See all nature wears a smile, Myriads greet you void of guile, Welcome to your native Isle, Peace, and Liberty. AI. D. SHAKSPEARE. As any thing that relates to our great Dra matic Bard must be interesting to every reader of taste, - and who feels the laudable impulse of patriotic pride, we copy the snhjoined article from an Evening Paper ; but there have been so many attempts at imposition respecting professed Portraits of him, that we may he well excused if we are sceptical as to the authenticity of the Pic ture to 'which it relates.` In the time of VAN DYCK. S,HAKSPRA46 was by no means so popular as he has since become, and it is not very likely that VANDYCK, a foreigner, should have employed himself in the illustration of .a particular scene of a Poet, who was then comparatively little talked of, and whose excellence he could not possibly understand. We therefore cannot persuade our selves, that though the work in question may be ' a good picture, that it was painted by VAN DYCK. We are rather inclined to consider the story as an ingenious fabrication to draw atten tion to the Picture that it may be disposed of to the greater advantage SHAKSPEARE AND VANDYCK. An English Gentleman residing at Brussels has had the good fortune to rescue from oblivion, and to become possessed of an original picture of VANDYCK, representing the interesting scene of our immortal SH AKSPRA RE—Hamlet contemplating the Skull of 'Yorick. The picture was accidentally discovered among the rubbish of a coach-house at Brussels, but so completely covered with (lust and dirty varnish, that it was scarcely visible.— It was pronounced by some of the Flemish con noisseurs to be a picture of some merit—but the story of a Doctor or an Apothecary examining a hu►nan skull was considered to he triste, and the picture was sold for a trifle. On its being care fully cleaned, it was found to be in perfect pre servation--the colouring as fresh and brilliant as it came from the easel of the painter- It is halt length, the countenance of Hamlet full of expres Sion, the hands touched with all the truth of na ture, and with the exquisite delicacy of the pencil of VANDYCK. This inestimable picture, which has excited much attention at Brussels, particu larly among the amateurs, is now ascertained to have formerly belonged to the Count AYLESBURY, who married the Princess of HORNE, and that it was originally painted for CHARLES the First, by VANDYCK, when he was in England. WALPOLE, in his " Anecdotes of Painting in England," men tions, that after the Icing's eeath many of his finest pictures were taken away by his servants for their wages, and carried into Holland and Flanders, where they were sold. EXECUTION AT ABEnor.EN.-.—Friday, John Bar net, alias 111‘Barnet, was executed at Aberdeen, for various acts of house-breaking and theft, pur suant to his sentence at the last Circuit Court of Justiciary. He died with great struggle; and, after hanging the usual time, the body was cut down, and conveyed, under the attending escort of the 38th Regiment, to a boat ready ti . ) receive it, in which it was carried out and sunk at sea. BIRTHS. On Thursday morning, Mrs. William Kew, of New Palace yat d, of a daughter. On the 1 id) inst. in Welbecli-strcet, Cavendish-square, the lady of Ralph Deane, Esq. of a daughter. MARRIED. Yesterday, at St. Andrew's, Holborn, the Rev. Richard Birch, Rector of Viddington and Bradwell. Essex, to Eliza beth, second (laughter of the late William Wchb, Esq. of Great James•street, Bedford-row. On Wednesday, the 11th inst. at Mary-le-hone Church, John Ansley, Esq. to Miss Sophia Tyler. DIED. At Chichester, on the 14th of October last, in the 40th year of her age, Maria, wife of Benjamin Ridge, 'Esq. late Surgeon in the Hun. East India Co►apany's Service, married in the New Church of Calcutta, Bengal, on the 22d of Au gust, 180.2, and has left eight children. Mrs. Ridge was dis tinguished for accomplishments of the highest order, and qualities of the most amiable kind. Her memory will be long and sincerely cherished by her family and numerous friends. Yesterday, aged 85, at his seat, Ashtead Park, in the county of Surrey (and of Castle Rising, in the county of Norfolk), Richard Howard, Esq. brother of the late, and uncle of the present Lord Bdgot. Yesterday, at his house at Feltham, Mr. Richard Taylor, many years principal door-keeper to the House ofCommons. PROVINCIAL MARRIAGES AND DEATHS. MARRIED. On Monday last, at Harhorne, Mr. Henry Pollard, of Bir mingham, to Miss Caroline ATM Price, of Stourbridge. On Friday last, at St. Philip's Church, Mr..lames Bishlip, of Ludlow, to Miss A. Budd, of Anne-street, Birmingham. DI . On the 4th i ns t. Mr. Reece, ED of Newent, Gloucestershire, father of Mr. John Reece, of High-street, Birmingham. On Saturday, Mrs. Sibley, wife of Mr. ThOmas Sibley, of Duke-street, Birmingham. On the sth inst. in Brunswick -street, Cork, the Reverend Terence Prendergast, of lee Order of St. Augustine. • THE COLONIES. fFroni the Quebec Griette.] THE PENITENTIARY SYSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES. This System has been established in the United States of America longer than in any other coon try. The following document throws more light on the result than any other publication which we have seen. We have subjoined an account, ex• tracted front papers laid before Parliament, of the • expenses of the General Penitentiary established at Milbank, near London, by which it appeals, that each person confined there costs the commu nity nearly forty pounds sterling per annum, .in addition to the amount of his earnings, and with out counting the capital employed in buildings and repairs. If it were true, as asserted in the American Report, that the Penitentiary System has a tendency to increase the number of offend ers, it would, in a pecuniary point of view, be come an intolerable burden to the nation, reduc ing the honest and industrious to poverty, ex posing them also to become offenders, and there by increase, in a rapid proportion, the mischiefs of the system —We have heard that this system has some advocates in this country. We should he glad to see them answer, satisfactorily, the American Report and subjoined statement. LEGISLATURE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, Dec. 1817. The Committee appointed at the close of the last Session, " To inquire if it be expedient to alter the Penal Code of this State; and if expedient, what alteration _were re quired," beg leave to It E PORT, That they were prevented, by circumstances, from assem bling during the recess of the Legislature, and have there fore not given to the subject that protracted considei at tall which its importance would seem to require. The result, however, of such enquiries as the Committee have been able to matte since the commencement of the present Session, they now beg leave to submit; leaving it to the Legislature to de termine whether further information be necessary to an ulti• mate decision. An alteration of the Penal Code of the State appears, from reiterated executive recommendations, to have been much desired, and long expected :—as yet, legislative caution has not yielded to executive importunity. This caution, it is be lieved, has been the effect, not of any supposed perfection in our criminal law, but of doubts as to the policy of adopting the particular alterations recommended. That some altera tions were required, has never beeis denied; that some altera tions are now necessary, the returns of convictions prove. Many offences are frequently committed which our P e n a l Code was intended to suppress, and which, it is believed, can be suppressed, or very much lessened. For these evils, two remedies have been suggested. The adoption of the Penitentiary System, or only SO to alter our present laws, as to increase or diminish the quantum of pu nishment now apportioned. Each of these remedies has its advocates; both in the opi nion of your Committee are entitled to consideration. The Penitent: I.y System will be first examined. Before, however, we proceed to this examination, a few ob. nervations will be suggested. intended to establish certain propositions, which, without pretending to axiomatic truth, are supposed sutficiently correct to induce general acquies- tenet. Although the novel situation in which the people of the United States have been placed, has rendered the lessons of experience of less universal importance here than elsewhere, it is nevertheless believed that experience here, as elsewhere, will ever prove the best source of wisdom, and surest founda tion of policy. This truth, though seldom denied, is not un freqnently forgotten, or totally disregarded. It may not be unimportant on this occasion, to recall to mind a memorable instance of the fallacy of human wisdom. When speculating upon laws and Goverment, recorded in the early annals of our own country, Mr. Locke, the pro foundest philosopher of his age, furnished a form of Govern ment and system of laws for South Carolina. Mr. Locke's Government and laws are known to have failed in every re spect. The only laws which have been able to stand the test of ages have grown out of the progressive exigencies of man kind. are the lessons of experience, not the sugges tions of speculation. The laws of Solon and Lycurgus hare passed away. The common acid civil laws have lasted for ages, and will probably continue of force for ages to come. That the only proper object of punisltrpent is the preven tion of crimes, is a proposition, though Not universally ad-. witted, essentially correct in the estimation of your COUP' mittee. Vindictive justice is disclaimed. The law, which punishes, cannot feel ; the law therefore cannot he vindictive. If the most enormous crime could not be repeated by the offender or another, that crime the law ought nut to punish. Retributive justice is regarded as fanciful, not practical : society cannot he compensated for a crime : felony cannot be worked out—and if felony could he worked out, it must al ways cost more labour, or what is equivaleut to labour, to secure the labour of a criminal, than his labour can be worth. Any other proportion between punishment and crime, theta that which effects the suppression of the crime, is regarded as visionary. Could the smallest offence be suppressed by the greatest punishment, it ought to be attached. If the greatest crimes could be ptevented by the smallest punish ment, they ought to be apportioned ; would the same penalty prevent every crime, there should be but one penalty. To proportion the punishments with any degree of preci sion to the crime, would appear to involve the following difficulties : In the first place, the sensibility of the criminal ought to be ascertained ; for the same punishment would affect very differently persons of different degrees of sensibility : to on e , that punishment might be tort Ore, which to another would be little more than unpleasant. 2dly. The effect of each crime on society ought to be ascer tained, and this, it is apprehended, can only be approached in a very remote degree. To kill A, who is a virtuous, intel.. and active member of society, is much more injurious than to hill 13, who is a worthless vagrant; on the life of the first the happiness of society may materially depend—the death of the last may be so far beneficial, as to disencumber society of a drone. No lawgiver, however, has ever yen. tared to discriminate between these cases. Extremely dan gerous would it be to discriminate, and yet without such dis criminatirni, what pretension catethere be to proportion ? silly. Difficult' as it is to ascertain with any precision the sensibility of the criminal and the effect of the crime, more difficult dust it be to penetrate the motives of the criminal, Man is seltiol influenced by a simple motive, and yet when so influenced, it is difficult of detection. The more complex his motives, the more difficult is the task of fixing his crimi nality, and yet if proportion between punishment and crisis mean any thing more than the quantum of punishment. ne cessary to the suppression of the crime, it would seem to refer to the sensibility of the criminal, the effect of the crime, and the motives with which it was perpetrated But if the exact proportion could be ascertained, it is difficult to perceive the benefit that would result. We admire proportion in architecture; the mind is gratified when all the parts of a building appear calculated .to effect the purpose for which the.) , were intended. That a criminal, however, has been puiiished exactly in proportion to his •ensibility, the effect of his crime, and the motives with which he perpetrated the crime, would afford no pleasure, it is apprehended, argon ne'eted with the hope that the crime would not be repeated. On the other hand, it would appear fastidious in the extreme, to object to a punishment which suppressed the crime, only because it was not in enact proportion to the sensibility of the criminal, the effect of the offence, and the motives with which it bad been perpetrated. With these observations, your Committee will proceed to the consideration of the penitentiary system. The reltictance with which this subject has always beers considered by the legislatoreatheff pressed upon their atten tion by executive recommendations, was the effect it is be- Bared (as before stated) of great doubts as to fhe' practical effects of a theory, which though brilliant had not heen fully tried, and upon which the growing experience of other states would iu no protracted length of time shed a light which mould dissipate all doubt, and procure a decision in every respect satisfactory. It is to the experience of those