The Sun. — London, England, 1808-11-16 00:00:00

revenue and national industry; the great emolu ments it procures excites the most ardent ,cupidity. Those who Ought .not to be honoured with the ap pellation, of merchants, least_ wd should degrade cbtumerce, are still devoting , themselves to criminal • peculations ; they think that they are 'only • braving the shame , of an ordinary transgression, but the pub, lic 'indignation - and vengeance will overtake them, and teach them, that, : under circumstances where the nation employs for its defence, in an unexaMpled war, the iaterdiaion of all commercial relations with the enemy, the violation of these . dispbsrtibris is , an hostile declaratiorre a true alliance with this same enemy ; that consequently every smuggler . renounces the" benefit of the municipal-laws, to be subjected solely to, those of war, and,that he ought to thead the terrible and rapid application of those laws, which authorise the invasion of his fortune ,and personal castigation. • \ "'The Government, penetrated with the situation. of the French commerce, has strove to mitigate the evils, to -provide for its wants: • " Abroad, a treaty with the kingdom of Italy _ secures to France all the advantages which are com patible with reciprocal justice. In the interior va rious sums have been advanced to manufaciurers and proprietors of produce - which puhlic events had 'accumulated or cramped in their stores. Tile Caisse d'Amortissement has interfered in the ouifittings of aeventures. , " A law has limited the bounds of 'the interest on money ; Offices .established at Lyons and at Rouen are prelusive to a grand offacility in the cir culation of the nutrierary and merchandize. "The Exchange and the Commercial Tribunal of Paris see-rising for their accominodation a stately Palace on the scite of the Nunnery of St. Thomas: Coeformably to the new code, an organization of the Tribunals - of Commerce of the Empire is pre paring., The Prefects, the Courts of Appeal, have been consulted on the-most eligible scires for these Tribunals, as wellas on the subjea of their number, the Judges and, their Surrogates: A general projea has been submitted to the discussion of}he Council of-State, and to,the san&ion of his Majesty. AGP I CULT U#.E. - " The Prefeas"the Courts of Appeal, and of the Menibers of the General Councils of Department formed in Commission, are also called upon to dive their advice on a projed of the greatest utility, that of a - rural code;. so Importan; to the prosperity of Agriculture, and so closely interwoven with nation4l prosperity, _ " In the mean time, one of the principal improve merits of which agw - iulture is capable, is daily ef ieaed by the re-organisation of our repositories for the breedol horses. Eight new repositories 01-atal lions. have been formed this year. Premiums held out to the owners of the best horses brought to the fairs, rewards decreed at the departmental races, are so many additional means of favouring the ploduc, tiou of the most eligible species of.this animal. " Tsco new sheep farms have been introduced: Six hundred Merinos, of the best breed, have been ordered.from Spain; and they are already arrived in France, notwithstanding the variety of obstacles that have occurred on their passage. They will be divided in two new establishments, as yet in embryo. The mult-iplication of the flocks increase: rapidly, a n d . w ti may consider the happy revolution introduced in this branch 7 as completed. lay it one day be so also with the culture of cotton. in spite . of .the contrarieties of a hardy spring, and tolerable cold autumn, the attemptS made still give room to hope, for ultimate success. We arcj►;;Cl t•y auger well also of the-attempts made on the subjeLl of the syrup.; cat th' grape. The rich culture of tobacco is daily eF,tending ; that which is , gathered in Cie vicinity of St. Maio equals-in quality those Of America. France• will one day,. to jodve by appearances, not may supply its own wants with that production, - but also export it to her nek,h bouts. • THE iLIET IC TREASURE AVD FINANCES Regula: and-a judicious administratiOn, pre \ vail irr ere!) , ckpartment of the Publii..:Treastify. The national aEcouuts reduced, to a system the tuna scientific und luminous .; it -differs only from the mode adopted by the most merchants the extentiutici tieceswy complication of• the transac tions of Government. ,‘ ` 1 Tite. Finances have been gradually brought by the t-tiptror trout a state of dilapida►ion , and conlo sion, to a stata of order and prosperity unknown itl the GOvertnnems the best -a" dministered. It is a trophy raised by ► .-protts exertion, by combinations ,the ino,t j,P,licious, and by a perseverance which has unravelled the Inost iinfleate details, and surmounted incredible difficulties. The pation enjoys the bene fits t.vh;ch result :from this new sort of conquest. Sinc,', France' has generously consented to the adop tion of indireCt taxation, the finances have really been consolidated, and the utmost facility given for carry ing on the functions of every department of the pub lic service. . " The Finances in modern timei may be consi dered_ as the security' of States, and the measure of their stability. If they furnish Government only with inadequate, precarious, or oppressive resources, its energies becom paialyzed, individuals insoltent, and if \var, or any other calamity, should visit a na tion under these 'circumstances, it must subscribe to its own dishonour, or be involved in irretrievable ruin; " The Finalictfs of a State are not' eSfentially and efficiently good until they become independent of circumstances—until they can be maintained inde tiendently of the' ruinous expedient of resorting :to. loans and excessive contributions—until, in tine, they are so conneaed and identified with national prospe rity,.that they constitute a dirt emanation from it 3 then only csn'they be deemed solid, efficient, per manent, and essentially national, and particularly if they have received an organiiation sufficiently situ pie, so that in an extraordihary emergency all the property; and all the individ6als, may be called upon, promptly to furnish their respeetiverputas in advance., " The endeavOurs of his Majesty havebeen in dessantly direded to the attainment of this desirable object, 'and they have been crowned by the Lutist complete success, and the finances are calculatgd in future to meet with equal effeet the-exigences of war and of peace. " In a period of peke, 6A nZillions will be suffi cient to defray the public expences, and wily leave a large surplus for national improvements. The re ceipts; Which amount at the present moment to 80() millions, will, 'according to this arrangement, be re duced on-fourth. " In time of war, it is not in the contemplation of his Imperial Majttstv to resort to the illusory, ex pedients of imposing taxes of a noVel description, or to hold out temptation to raise - new supplies._ The contributions on the recurrence _of war will be brought beck to the war standard—i. e. E:00. lians;_ancl_eventhett raised only .by___tou cir. ,tso mil lions at a time, in case of need; and this will be - done by a simple scale or table of propositions, which will enable evert itizen to judge of the share he has in the good or bad fortune of the State. ".Observe, Gefitlemen, that this simplicity has no affinity or connexion - with that so considerably extolled as the result of a single dire& contribution ; it is, on the contrary, founded on a convidion that taxes 'ought to be laid on Various objects,. that our Jaws of finance.include all the taxes which it was expedient to establish, an t i that all that is just and reasonable has been ededed. " It remains only t 9 advet r , to the Survey or Regis,. ter, without will:101p.; it'or unm pilogress of the scold of increase or diminution would be deficient, in pro portion, and would continue to area the proprietors of the funds atito: , l:y surcharged 3 the making up of this Register, which ought to efface so much ine quality, to repair so triu,ch involuntary and inevita ble injustice, is pursued with so much constancy, that those who di.belive the praCricability of this' immense wor, no hinger doubt of its speedy exe cutioir:, I must not here / omit, Gentlemen, the creation of the Court. of Accounts, to the establish ment of which you co-operated in your last Session. We wanted a new institution, powertol in its unity, present' to all the depositaries of the pub lic property, by the rapidity of its'action embracing all the responsibility of interior Accountants con necled-,with the public income and expenditure. This Court. ought, by the . distribution of its duties, and the number oftts ,Members, to be adequate to all the occasions, and responsible fir all the labours that may be 'entrusted to it. The principles on which this establishment rests, the choice. of its members, the consideration in which they are held, every thing guarantees t he 'success the Government has promised its'elF, that of a salutary controul over the several accountants. • • ADMINISTRA - PION OF TILE WAR DEPARTMENT. " - The,same principles of Order, 'and the same views foie the acceleration of the service; have in fluenced the general diredion of the Commisariat, whose first essays justify the eiyeaations that had been formed. This AdirPuitration: renders the sUp 7 plies,Cif the army indelTpdent of coulrattors, who have so frequently dope injury, at • the same, time that it secures the advantage of au economy, very sensible to the public funds. N All f.N,E. " Though during tie present campaign the Go vernment has bin ted ins maruhne operations, still a squadron armed at 'Toulon, a 7 i if by enelLintnieliti l and conducted ith Skill, has been able to defeat, by, able manmuvres, the combinations of the enemy, by conveying to Cut fu two years supplies of;men, artillery, provisions, and ammunition. After hav ing thus.rendered usees4 the expedition With which that barrier of the, Adriatic was' threatened, the Fleet of Admiral GANTHEAUME returned safe through all . the difficulties of C a boisterous naviga tion, and all. the dangers ocontinUed tempests. — The-colonies have in like manner been successflully supplied with provisions, by squadrons of frigates , and corvettes, which, while they.. fulfilled that im portant object, had,' Lite the squadron that went to 'Corfu, the advantage of making prizes of a great number of the enerny's,ships, richly laden.' In India, prizes to the-value of I 5 millions have been the result oft he cruizes of our frigates, one of which duly sur rendered, rind that after a o glorious contest against a super)or force*. - " Our cruiztrs in all parts of the world, and above all in the Seas of India and Guadaloupe, have proved themselves formidable to-the enemy. But it, is. not so much with a iew to what if has done, but to what it may do, with time, that our Marine ought to be considered.' l'en. Snips of the Line, con siructed in the docks of Antwerp, and fitted tbr,sea many mouths since, are awaiting their destination. Tile Flotilla .of Boulo/ne, kept up and equipped, is.itill in readiness to undertiake the operations for 'which it was readiness created. Twelve Ships of 'the Line and as man" Frigates have been launched within the year, and twenty-five inure, and as many Frigates, on the storks, ..attest the ai..-tivity of our dock-yards. Our p,t.rts are preserved in perfe& order, and the creation of that of Cherbourg is so far advanced, that it i basin may be expected to be in 3 state to comain Squadrons before the lapse of two campaigns. Speizia, is abota to become' a second Toulon.— The union of ahnofat all the coast of the Mediterra-; nean io France, secures to our arsenals and our ships abundant supplies of provisions, stores, and men.— Venice, Ancona, Naples, and all the means of Hol land and Italy are in motion. - TUE PRESENT WAR. " At the epoch of your last Sitting, Gentlemen, every thing - conibined to deliver Europe from its long _agitations, but England, the enemy of the world, still repeated the ,cry of perpetual war, and war coati- , nues. What then is the Obje&—what will be the issue ? The objeit of this war is the slavery of the world, by the exclusive possession of the'seas. There is. no doubt, that by subscribing treatiLs of bondage, disguised under the holy name of Peace, nationl may obtain repose; but this shameful repose would be death. In this alternative the choice bet ween, sub mission and resistance could not be long doubtful. " The war which England has provoked, which she continues with so much pride and obstinacy, is the termination of the ambitions system which she c4e:i.itied during two celiLurks. 'Mixing, in the politieS of the c . , , nt incur, .she Las succeeded in, hold ing Europe in a pc:petual agitation, and in exciting . against Prance au the envious and jealous passions,. It was her wish ; to humble or destroy France, ~by keeping the people of the, Continent constantly un (lr arms ; but thus detaching the Maritime Powers, she had the art to profit from the divisions she fo 7mented among neighbours, in order to forward her distant conquests. . _ " In this manner bas she extended her Colonies, and augmented her Naval •.Power.; and, by the aid * Our Readers will recolloa, that the alfair here alluded to, is the capture of the Picchriontaise French Frigate, in which the superiority of lore:: was in diced opposition to the ;:tatanznt of the,French Orator. of that power, she hopes hioceforth - to enjoy het usurpation. and to arrogate to herself the exclusive pos,ession of the seas. " But until these latter times, she paid at least some.re , :peet to the laws of nations : she seemed ,to rtzs.pt3a the rights of her allies, and even, by some returns towards peace, allowed her enemies to breathe. " This , condual is, however, no longer suitable to the devetopeznent of a system which she can no far ther dissemble. All who do not promote her inte- rests are her enemies. The abandonment of her al liance is a cause of war; neutrality is a revolt; and ,all the nations that resist her, yoke are made subjea to her cruel ravages. " It is impossible to foresee.what might have been the consequence of so much audacity, bad not for : tune, on our.part, raised up a man of a superior or . der, destined to repel, the evils with which England threatens the . world. ". He had always to combat the AllieS of trim Power on -the Contiiient, an.l to conquer the rising enemies she succeeded in creating. Always attacked, . always threatened, he' found it necessary td regulate hip policy hy'that state of things, and felt that to lay the contest.. it was necessary to augment our forces, and weaken those of our enemies. " The. Emperor, tilt/us pacifies., but always' arm ed by necessity, was not. ambitious of aggrandising the Empire. Prudence always dire&ed his Views.— became neces , ary foe him to relieve our ancient frontiers from the too near danger of sudden attacks, and to found their security on limits fortified by na ture ; finally, it became nece,sau so to separate France, by alliances, from hex rivals, that even the sight of an enemy's- standard 'lever could alarm tile territory of the Empire. ' England, defeated in the disputes she so often xenewed, profited, how*er, of them, to increase her wealth, by: the utkerz;al wopopoly of Corn, wertie. • ". She had iimpoverished her allies by wars, in which they fought only for her interests. Aban doned at the nicni,?nt in whi; h their arms ceased to 'serve those interests, their fate became the more in ditllirent to her, as, she preserved some c,ommercial relations with them, even while she continued the war wiz!) France. Even, France herself left to the English the hope of a•shameful subjugation to. the want of cer- taiu objets, the- privation-of which they believe our generous population could.not support. They thought' that it they could not-enter the territory of the Em pire by their arms, they might penetrate it., heart by a commtlrce now become its most dangerous ene my, and the admission of which would have ex hausted its tuost valuable resources. • " genius,..and the prudence of the Emperor have not overlooked this danger. Involved in the difrkunies of the Continental war, be ceased not, however, to : repel from his States the monopoly of English Commerce. He , has since completed the measures of an etfeaual resistance. " .No one can 'now be deceived on that subjea; since the English have declared this new. ,kind of war, all the ports of the Continent are blockaded,, the ocean' is interlided to every neutral Ship which will not pay to the British Treasury .a tribute which is meant to be imposed on the _whole population of the gli,be. To this Law of Slavery other nations have re plied by measures of -reprisal, and by wishes for the annihilation of such a' tyranny. " The' English nation has separated itself from every other nation. England is fixed in this situa tion. All' her social relations with the Continent are suspended : she is smitten by the excommunica tion which she has herself provoked. - " The war will henceforth consist in rep e lli n g from all points the'English Commerce, and in em ploying all the means calculated to promote that end.' France has energetically concurred in the ex. elusion of the monopoly of commerce; she has re signed herself to privations which long habits must have, rendered most painful. Some branches of her agriculture and her • industry have suffered, and still suffer, but the prosperity of the great body of the nation is • not atfe6ted : she is familiarised with that transitory, ,state, the hardship' of which she be holds without fear. The allies of France, and the United States, sacrifice like her, and with a resolu tion equally generous, their private conveniencies.• England was on the eve of the moment when her exclusion from the Continent was about to be con summated : • but she availed herself of the last 'cir cumstance to the Genius of Evil over Spain, and to excite in that unhappy country all the rage of furious passions. She has sought for alliances even in the support of the inquisition, and even in the roost barbarous prejudices. Unhappy people, to whom do you confide your destiny ? *fo the con temner of all moral obligations—to the enemies of .your religiOn—to those who, violating 'their pro mises, have elevated on your territory a monument of their impudence, an affront, the impunity of which, for above a century, would bear testimony against your courage, if the weakness of your Go yernment had ant been alone to blame. You ally yourself with the English, who have, so • often wounded your pride and your independence, who have so long ravished from you, by open violence, and even in time of peace, the commerce of your colonies ; who, in order to intimate to you their pro hi6ition of your neutrality, caused their decrees to be preceded' by the plunder of your treasures,' and the massacre of your navigators ; who, in fine, have covered, Europe with proofs of their contempt for their,allies, and for the deceitful promises they had made to them. You will without dotibt recover from your error. You will then 0-mu for the new peef,sdies that are reserved for you. ' But how much blood _will flow - before this tardy return to 'your senses . ? The English, hitherto absent from all great corrflias,-try a new fortune on the Continent. 'They ungarrison their island, and leave 4 almost without defence, in the presence of an enterprising and va liant King, who commatids a French army, and who has already snatched from. them the strong position of the island of Caprea. What then wit! be the fruit Of their efforts ? Can they hope to be able to exclude the French from Spain and Portugal ? Can the success be doubtful ? The Emperor himself will command his invincible legions. What a presage . does the h ero i c A rmy o f P ortuga l offer to us, which, struggling against double its force, has been able to raise trophies of victory on the very land where it fought to such disadvantage, and to dictate the con ditions-of a glorious retreat > In preparing for a struggle against our only enemy, the Empero; " o f done all that was necessar y for the maintename it peace on the Conti n e n t., _He must reckon without doubt,. inasmuch as Austria, the ° 9 lO Power which could disturb it, has given strongest assurances of her disposition, in ing her Ambassador fro m London, and &sista', from all i political communication witls England. 4, " Still Austria had recen tly made armamen ts' but they took place cert a i n ly without any hos t "' • intention. Prudence, never th e l ess , dictated ever getic measures of precaution. The armies of G e i. r ; many and Italy are .strengthened by levies a t h e new Conseriptioh. The troops of the Confede ra l ' Lion of the Rhine are c om pl ete , we ll organized an disciplined. One hundred thousand of. the Grand Arrbit leave the Prussian Stat es t o occu py the camp 1 , 1 Boulogne, while Denm a rk, h ence f ort h s afe from n n r i English invasion, is evacuated by our troops, Nvl'' e , are concentrated and centralizing themselves. fore the end of Janteiry, the battalions withdrawn i ° Spain will be r e placed on th e B an k s o f t h e Elbe an d the Rhine. " Those which quelled Italy, last year, return t ° their former destination. Such, Messieurs, is the exte rna l s ituation o • France. • rt; '" In the interior, the g r eat est or d er i n a ll 1 33- of the administration, important amelioratiors , be great number of new in s tit u ti ons , h ave exc i te d t gratitude of the people. ol • " The ::rear len of titles of nobility h ave en vir°- n 1 the throne with a new splendour. This syst e tts creates in all. hearts a laud a bl e e mu l at i on . It p er,. petuates the recollection of 'the most illustrious s cr. vices paid by the most honourable reward. " The Clergy have distinguished themselves by their pateiotisin, and by their sittachinent to the', Sovereign and their duties. Respect to the Minis ters of the Altar, who honour Religion by'a dev cr , Lion so pure, and virtues so disinterested ! The Magistrates of all classes every where 31 with their utmost efforts, the vi ews o f the Soverei ; g l and the people, by their ze a l f ac ili tate t h e o perati °o Of their authority, and by the man ife sta ti o n' of th e most attesting sentiments, e x a l t t h e carr ia ge and do& of the troops. 'O O " Soldiers, Magistrates, Citizens, all have hot Q ,, f , object, the service of the St a t e but one sentirnei 0 r e , that of admiration for th e - S overe i gn ; b u t one ' sire, that-of seeing Heaven wat c h over hi s days, t o t just recompense for a Mona r ch w h o h as no , thought, no other ambition, than those 01 the OPP ness and the glory of the French nautili." S t The orater dsecended front' the Tribune,. 00 the applauses of the As,embly.' of L oa E Pt ESIDENT '—."; Monsieur t h e Min i ste r 0 Interior, and Gentlemen Counsellors Of State, i re , ~ have painted the tru e geseete„,ei the Prince, tracing all the good he has dune. The annual pie tures.of his internal administration trill one d a Y t be the finest monuments of his reign. Unhappy, at e Sovereign who is great only at the head of, 1 0 a s mies ; happy the one who,knows how to gover n sat' well as to conquer, who 'occupies himself ince o Lo o ly with u*setul works, in order to rest himself il ys s, the fatigues of war, and whose provident hand 5 , c d5 in the midst of so 'wily ravages, the frditful ° v ia of public feiiity. Ono single' fnifiti,'d t rio t two great destinies. He has subdued pow e rp t, States; he has traversed Europe, as a co niV f e rot o under triumphal arches, erected to his glory, I)e' the bounds of Italy to the farthest extremities o . ot land. 'lt was enough for the first of heroes, hat,r o s enough for the first of Kings. In the fields of i' d e rengo and of Jena that indefatigable genius E nc o f sated the happiness . of nations. All the ide a s public order—all those safe c o u nse l s w hi c h pr ° oo societies and empires, have always accompanied the in his warlike tent. It, was he that re-openemoil temples of desolated religion, and who saveclio lity and the laws from qi ruin which was alMos t i o evitable. In one wo rd, lie has founded Wore 'l o s others had-d e stroy e d. B e h o ld t h at w hi c h re :b e mends his memory to eternity In the midst o' r oi most magnificent of our sqtiares, a column, of the age of the Antonioes or the Trojans, h 35 " to t elevated in opposition to the voice of the hero cien is above such things. Our expl o it s w ill be engr a s e on the glorious bronzes with which it is to n e s cig vered. ViCtory erect on this triumphal colut r liOs point to Italy twice subdued, to Vienna, to )-- a ldo and Warsaw, opening their 'gates ; our star t he . floating on the Pyramids ; the Po, the Danub e ' ea tb Rhine, the Spree; the ; Vistula, stooping b(sil tbG our laws. Frenchmen 'will stop with fef foot of this monument". The day is perhaps distant; when we may be able to creel, to the Ka ficator of Europe, a monument still more Iv °l. o l o. of huh. Let all the arts decorate him with cies emblems of agriculture and industry ; let the itn° o b e of peace and abundance preside above ; let ther e bpt represented with them,: not cities destroyeL. t o cities rebuilt—not captive rivers, but rivers o' 6 l ' e ldi their streams for the benefit of commerce—no t 1 ,0 of slaughter, but fields fertilized—not the war v s e 'oo' shatters thrones, but the wisdom which re bushes them. Let them engiave on', them, 1- ei par'. as a substitute for all other inscriptions, the I v i ta pPV able words 1 have felt that in order to o o r it wasTecessary for me first to be assured of th e piness of France." • n pride att " This triumphal arch, of a new descriptio an d never be beholden without emotions of resPe - for ti" • love. If is there that every heart u. ill send di d without effort, the most ex al te d eu l e gy of 11 1O ie matt who has been the auth o r o f so m uch g oo ro d' Cannot render hiM our homage 'in a better o r , than by putting up vows, that his talents as n Intl, i rior may soon bec ome us e l ess , S ecure is he t ing within himself other sources of gre atness' oe ( 01 us not doubt that, thanks t o a ll th a t be has d° c on' t the happiness of the nation, his renown ' O5 3 a ft queror will henceforth-be b u t t h e mo st feeble P a his glory." . The Assembly renewed its applauses, of ac' • The Legislative Bodi e s gat e formal deed knowledgment to the orators of the Exto se • • '' they had presented i n th e reline of his 1 1/10 . 1 Tnu ro o ,, which they ordered to be entered on thy o f 10 - .. and also to be printed an d di str ib ute d to each Members. lio a" i" VIENNA, Nov. 2.—Some Greek spectilat °r !' v e‘ l :. spread - a report that a peace was ne gotiatine the Porte and England, through the ni Cd be .a I