The Sun. — London, England, 1838-12-25 00:00:00

POST-OFFICE REFORM. The question of the reduc,!on of postage is purely an administrative question—it is tne upon which both Whigs and Tories have laboured unremittingly in the same Com mittee. There are few who imagined, before Mr. Hill's pamphlet was published, that the Post-office was any thing but a well managed machine, aiding and assisting, instead of retarding, the progress of knowledge, and to a very large extent, not only retarding, but actually suppressing it. When Mr. Hill stated to the public that the carriage of a letter from any post town to any other post town in the United Kingdom cost but the one thirty-six'h part of a penny, and that the whole cost of the receipts a.. 4 delivery, added to the carriage, did not amount to a half-penny, the public were astonished and incredulous. They could not credit the calculations till the Postmaster-General, Lord Lichfield, was examined before the Committee, and a demonstration obtained from his own mouth of the truth of Mr. Hill's statement ; and it was shown, that Mr. Hill, who was not in the Post-office, knew more than they who were, and that what they both knew, he knew most accurately. Since then the conviction of Mr. Hill's accuracy has gone on in creasing, till at length the Mercantile Committee produced abundance of evidence, not only of the accuracy of his cal culations, but of the certainty of realizing his anticipations of increase. Lord Lichfield went before the Committee intending to refute, but came out of the Committee having confirmed, all that Mr. Hill had stated upon that subject. Mr. Hill had estimated the Edinburgh mail to weigh eight hundred weight ; but since he wrote the Edinburgh bags have been despatched by the Birmingham railway. Mr. Hill averaged the unchargeable weights t o be about six-ftld the weight of the chargeable letters. Lord Lich field shows the privileged weights to be fourteen times the weight by that mail, and fifteen times the weight when averaged with the Louth, a light mail. This is confirmed by the evidence of Sir Edward Lees, who states, that the weight of the letters that come from London to Edinburgh does not exceed 251b5., while the w eight of other incumbrances, distinct from Newspapers, amount to several hundred weight, including Parliamentary documents. Lord Lichfield's evidence shows clearly the extraordi nary cheapness of transit ; a fact, which, almost beyond all other facts brought to view in Mr. Hill's valuable mine of facts, astonished the public, and which it was very desirable for Illr. Hill to have confirmed by a Nobleman, who, from his position, is so important an authority on this subject. A part of his evidence is worth quoting : " Mr. Hill calculates the cost for one trip of the Edin burgh mail, Si. ; he is right in that calculation, it does cost 51. ; but he divides the whole expense of what is carried by that mail, and then says that the charge of each letter is is only about the 36th of ld. ; he reduces it to that after having calculated it in the first instance, 22-100ths of ld. ; he then says, by other means which are not exactly stated, but which he imagines, certain reductions will take place ; he says by certain arrangements, such as forced* payments, and getting rid of accounts, the business of receiving, sort ing, and delivering letters can be so much facilitated, as to enable the public to perform four times its present work, with a slight increase of expenditure. In order to ascer tain as nearly as I possibly could what is the real amount of each letter, I have had one evening's return of the number of letters conveyed by the Edinburgh mail from London to Edinburgh ; the weight of the Edinburgh mail upon that occasion was 4cwt. 2qrs. 231bs. 13oz. In the first place, Mr. Hill deducts the weight of the sacks ; he has no right to deduct the weight of the sacks any more than to deduct any one part of the correspondence which is carried for nothing, because we pay for the weight they carry, whether it is sacks or letters ; the sacks and bags weighed lcwt. °lbs. Boz. ; 2,296 Newspapers, 2cw t. 2qrs. 31bs. Boz. ; two stamped parcels, lqr. 121bs. ; 484 franks, lqr. 191bs. 150 z..; 1,555 c hargeable letters, lqr. 61bs. 14oz. Now, Mr. Hill defines the natural cost of postage to be that which would be charged by the Post-office on ordinary commercial principles. I conceive the meaning of conducting anybusiness on ordinary commercial principles is this, that supposing, for instance, the Post-office were not a monopoly of the Government, supposing it were undertaken bya private individual upon ordinary com mercial principles, the person undertaking to convey letters would expect a remunerating return for his trouble and his risk ; and, therefore, if he was obliged to carry a certain portion for nothing, he must make that portion which he charges for carrying pay for that which goes free. For instance, suppose he carries a hundred letters, or par cels, or Newspapers, and he was to undertake, at all events, that the Newspapers should go free ; if that was the spe culatioe, that Newspapers and franks were to go free, he must set that against the chargeable correspondence; we will say it is three-fourths ; I do not say that that is the amount, but I take that for example. Suppose lie carries 75 of those parcels for nothing, he must naturally expect the remaining 25 to pay for the 75 and the 25, or he would very soon become bankrupt ; therefore the charge able correspondence must pay for the remainder he carries. I have in this weight of the Edinburgh mail, which I have now been describing, to make the 1,555 chargeable letters account for the Si., which is the cost of the one trip of the Edinburgh mail. If that is the case, the cost of every letter, taking them at 1,555, would be, instead of the thirty-sixth of a penny, id., and one thirty-first part of id , hecaose one thirty-sixth of Id. is over the whole of the cor respondence which is carried free ; therefore, that which fs chargeable must pay for the whole. The fact is, that one trip of the Edinburgh mail costs Si., that must be charged against the number of letters which are chargeable, and that will be found to be id. and one thirty-first part of n u t I cannot consent to the Edinburgh mail being f a ir average of the cost of the conveyance of each taken letter, a s it v l a tat Mr. Hill calls the transit, The Edinburgh mail is a loaded mail, and is a mail that is contracmail ted oil rthat on exceedingly advantageous terms, because it is a fills very well, $ 4. it is maintained at a cheaper rate. I have, therefore, taken a notheF mail, ch i whi is generally a light of the Louth mail on rail, and as is the Lout h mai). ve taken the weight o :turday, the 3d of March that was, • His Lordskip, we apprehend, 100 s by this payment ip lumina, that is, writing on stamped pspOf PaYelorp. THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 25, 1838. shake hands with Mrs. Virrier. Saw several persons there beside s Mr. Carlisle and Mr. Berkeley. Cross-examined by Mr. CROWDER—CouId have heard the whole conversation if she had attended, as she was in a small room in the passage. Had said very little about the case to Mrs. Virrier. Did not know any thing about it till she went to Mr. Harmer's. Could not tell when it was that Mrs. Virrier first mentioned the caso to her. Mary Love, examimed by Mr. TALBOT—Was 16 years of age ; was in Mrs. Virrier's employ during the election in 1837. Did not sleep in the house. She ran about with newspapers, and cleaned the house. When Mr. Berkeley's canvassing party came round, witness was on the top of the cellar stairs. Upon hearing Mr. Berkeley's name men tioned, witness, wishing to see him, ran to the fire-place, where he could see the whole party. Mr. Carlisle asked Mrs. Virrier for whom her husband intended to vote, and upon her stating one and one, he said he was a wise man, and should be sure to have the 61. at Christmas. - _ Cross-examined by Mr. ADOLPHUS—Had been on and off at Mr. Virrier's for four or five years. When the party came witness was out of the room. Saw Mrs. Virrier show Mr. Virrier a sovereign, and throw the Paper, in which it was wrapped, in the fire. Was no re lation to Mrs. Virrier. Sarah Plummer examined by Mr. THESIGER—In July, 18 37, witness lived a servant with a Mr. Rigge. Was in the habit of going for water to the Adam and Eve-passage. Saw a crowd of persons there on the day in question, which she discovered to be Mr. Berkeley and the Low P ar ty.— (Laughter.) This witness corroborated the other witness as to Mr. Carlisle's stating he would endeavour to get Virrier the 61. at Christmas. Cross-examined by Mr. CRowDER—Did not know Mrs. Virrier until the present prosecution ; and when it was in stituted, she called upon her, and told her what she had heard. _ _ _ Catherine Knight, examined by Mr. TALBOT. — Lived l Adam and Eve-passage. I saw the canvassing party e 0 _come up to Mrs. Virrier's. Mr. Berkeley and Mr. Carlisle knocked at the door. Mr. Carlisle asked which way Mr. .Virrier.intended to vote ? To which she replied, one and one , In answer to which Carlisle said that was right , and if he toted for Mr. Berkeley he would get him the 6/. at Christ mas, to which Mr. Berkeley added, " Yes, if you can do it, as I think they are deserving people." Cross-examined by Mr. ADoLnius—After she left Bris tol went to reside at Cardiff, where she was now in service. Several tracts were then put in and read, which had been distributed about at the election. This closed the case for the defence. Mr. CROWDER then addressed the Jury in reply. It had now become his duty to offer some observations in reply to the case made by his Learned Friend, and al though his Learned Friend's speech commenced with various complaints, one of them was, not that Mrs. Virrier bad not the means—the full means of conducting her defence : she has had the most able Counsel in this Court, notwithstanding the statements that had been made respecting her poverty. His Learned Friend had said, that he (Mr. C.) was not justified in calling Mrs. Virrier a wretch, and that he had done so for the purpose of stigmatizing her before the Jury. He would fearlessly assert, that that person was not better than a wretch who had sworn falsely and against whom a charge of perjury had been preferred. Now what was the charge made by the person whom he had called a wretch, why that Mr. Berkeley and the other gentlemen with whom he had associated , had pro stituted the public money for political purposes. He (Mr. Crowder) thought the attack of his Learned Friend, Mr. Thessiger, on Mr. Ball the Attorney-General for__ Ireland, most unwarranted and uncalled for. He had charged that gentleman with putting questions to the defendant in the Committee of the House of Commons, for the purpose of entrapping her ; so far from doing so, be had called her attention from moment to moment to what she had said ; he asked her did you not say so and se, and what do you mean by conditions ; and his Learned Friend had said that was affected ignorance for the purpose of entrapping the witness. Now, what was the fact ? Why, that during the whole course of the examination of the defendant before the Committee, there was nothing but prevarication on her part, stating One thing at one time, and another at another. He trusted, therefore, the Jury would think that his Learned Friend's attack was most unfair. Another complaint of his Learned Friend was against the manner of the ro psecution that four p erso ns were indicted for perjury in order to make them stigmatised witnesses. He (Mr. C.) thought that celoplaint totally unfounded ; there would, however, have bee n something in it if they had been indicted for a con spiracy, because then they would all have been indicted t oge th e r and could not have given evidence. His Learned Friend had thought it expedient to attack Mr. Berkeley and to make those inquiries about his private mode of living which the Jury had heard. If his Learned Friend thought it would have any effect on the mind of the Jury, he (Mr. C.) had no right to complain of it, but if he (Mr. C.) took a right estimate of the understanding of the Jury on those matters, such subjects would not affect Mr. Berkeley in their opinion when his credibility was attacked. His friend had also made a direct attack against the Trus tees of the Charities of Bristol ; he had boldly stated that the, had prostituted in the most disgraceful manner the charity funds to political purposes ; and his Learned Friend had thought proper to put into the hands of Mr. Somerton a paragraph that was in the Bristol Mer cury, i n order to make the Jury believe that the Trustees had sanctioned it. Now he (Mr. Crowder) would request the Jury to look at the tracts that had been read, and having done so, be would defy any person to wren c h from them the construction that his Learned Friend had put upon them. Now, what were the facts, upon looking at those tracts ? why, that the trust funds were not now administered by the old Cor poration—that it was not until the Municipal Act Passed, that there was any alteration in these charities, and that the present trustees were appointed by the Court of Chancery, after the Master of that Court had made every inquiry into their fitness. Now, the first tract was an attack upon M r. Fripps, the Tory sitting Member ; it stated that Tory trustees had misapplied the fund ; that now there were new trustees ; and that they were determined that in future the funds should not be applied for political purposes. So far from this being a statement to the freemen that the Charity property would be misapplied, it was a direct statement to them, that they need not expect in fu ture to be paid for their m ust vo t :es out of the Cha rit y funds—that they in futur„e vote according to their consciences and that ev er y poor freeman entitled under the will of the founder of the charity would be entitled to the benefit of let him vote which way he would. The whole object 0; the tract was to express the determina tion of the trustee: to administer the Charity Funds pro perly ; for after going ,' .. nto the defalcations t hat took p lace in 1814, it stated " that the principle of being generous with other people's money Iva,: bad, but it was peculiarly so in Charity Trustees." H e vr ,s sorry to occupy the time of the Jury so long upo► this point, but his Learned Friend, Mr. Thesiger, bad endeavoured to cast such a stigma upon the Trustees generay, and upon the three trustees that had been called before them, that he felt bound to adopt the course he had done. Now, what had been the statement of 111 r. Berkeley with respect to those tracts ? Why, that he knew of them, and of every word contained therein. Mr. Visger had said the same thing, and both those gentlemen had distinctly told the electors that they were not now to look to those funds, for that in future they would be dis tributed only according to the will of the founder. Now having stated thus much, what were the facts of the case ? The jury had before them several gentlemen, w respect to Mr. Berkeley be would give his friend the whi hale benefit of the hit he bad endeav oured to make against the m. If Mr. Berkeley had any alarm or apprehension did jury think he would have come forward to have instituted the present prosecution ; Mr. Berkeley felt that it was a duty to himself and the trustees that he should bring the present prosecution forward, and he (Mr. C.) would fearlessly as sert that unless the Jury believed Mr. Berkeley, Mr.Visger, Air. Carlisle, Mr. Saunders, Mr. Rankin, and Mr. Somer ton were all perjured, it would be their duty to find the def ena lpt guilty. Mr. Berkeley had sworn most positively that Cari l .;sle had never said any such thing, as that he would give at Christmas to the Virriers. Mr. Visger had said that if suCb a statement had been made lie should have recollected it. h r sp was at a loss to know what his friend had to say against alt those gen tlemen. Did h e mean to say they were all perjured ? Who were they ? Men of th e highest character and )-eputation in Bristol, above all suspicion. But some of the Nyitnesses had said that Mr. Berkeley had given money in a whib•per. Now what was the evidence upon that ? Why all stated tha: Mr. Berkeley spoke in his usual tone of voice. Mr. Carlisle might be strongly Prlljudicad with respect to his politics, but there was nothing at all to induce the Jury to doubt his veracity. Then as to Mr. Somerton, what could be said against him ? fie was a man of acknowledged integrity in Bristol, and the con ductor o f a p u blic journal there. The same observation might be made with respect to all the other witnesses for the prosecution. Indeed in his ( Mr. C.'s) opinion, a stronger I "dy of high and unimpeachable testimony than had been adduced on the part of the prosecution never had been brought forward in any Court of Justice, and all that he asked wag that the Jury would contrast it with that hteug-ht forward on behalf of the defendants, all of whom were either relations, friends, or servants of the accused, and some of whom bad beer, raked up mast 31arvel lotialy a t t h e l ast mo ment ; indeJ, one witness, ga lah I !lumer, had so much philanthropy abotit her that, upon e aring that a charffe had. b e en made against Mrs , Virrier, 41 e„ Caine voluntarily forward to protect injured innocever ' 4l Conclusion, the Learned Counsel felt convinced the Jury would find the defendant guilty—for no person, life, or property would be safe, if parties were allowed to come forward with impunity in a Court of Justice, and make statements that were totally without foundation. Lord DENMAN then proceeded to sum up the case to the Jury—He said that it was an indict ment preferred by Mr. Berkeley, one of the sitting Members for Bristol, against Sarah Virrier for perjury, in stating that Mr. Berkeley bad been guilty of bribery at the last Bristol Election, that bribery, as it was alleged, having taken place at the time when Mr. Berkeley called at the house of Virrier. The first assignment of perjury wasin the statement that Mr. Carlisle had promised Mr. Virrier N. at Christmas ; and the second, that he had given Mrs. Virrier a sovereign into her hand. The question for the Jury to consider was, whether that was true or false. They were doubtless aware perfectly well that in every allegation of perjury they must be satisfied upon the evidence of two witnesses that the party accused was guilty. It might be possible, although he (Lord Denman) would not give au opinion upon that because the Jury had nothing but facts to decide upon, that they might find no second witness as to the fact of Mr. Berkeley giving the sovereign to Mrs. Virrier ; but if they should be of opinion that Mr. Berkeley did not give the sovereign, that would have some weight with respect to the other part of the case, as there they would have before them a person telling a deliberate falsehood. The other assignment of perjury was, that Mrs. Virrier had falsely stated that Mr. Car lisle had promised to give her 61. out of the charity at Christmas. Now, upon that part of the case they bad positive evidence that it could not have been stated, and as the questions the Jury had to decide were pure matter of fact, he (Lord Denman) thought he could not do better than read his notes of the evidence to them. [The Learned Judge then read the evidence.] With respect to the paragraph in the Bristol Mercury, it did not appear that it had been authorised by any of the gentlemen that had given evidence to-day. As to the tracts, the time at which they were issued did not appear to his Lordship to be material. The question was the animus with which they were issued ; and with respect to that, he (Lord Denman) thought the argument had been carried rather too far on both sides. If the Jury believed the evidence on the part of the prosecution, then the question would be, whether the charge of perjury had been made out ? If those witnesses were not contradicted, it appeared to his Lordship to be impossible that any such statement as had been charged to have been made could have taken place. It was for the Jury, looking at the whole case, to say what set of witnesses they believed, and looking at the time some of them had come forward, it would be for them to say whether they were stating that which was true or false. If the witnesses for the defence had said that which was true, the whole of the witnesses for the prosecution were clearly convicted of perjury. The witnesses on the part of the prosecution were persons of the highest character, and it was a strong thing to say that persons in their situations should come forward, within the knowledge of each other, and state that which was false. The Jury were, however, bound to consider on the other hand that the feelings of parties often got enlisted in the cause of those they advocated. Unless Mr. Ber keley and his witnesses were perjured, the attempt to set up the promise of Mr. Carlisle fell to the ground. The Jury would consider both sets of evidence, and dispose of the case according to their view of where the truth lay. The Jury retired at six minutes past twelve o'clock, and returned into Court at twenty minutes past two o'clock, and delivered their verdict to the following effect, in writing : " The J ury have much difficulty, from the confficting evidence, in coming to a conclusion. They find the defendant Not Guilty on the first assignment, but Guilty on the second." sacks and bags 251 b. ; 866 newspapers, lcwt. 141bs. ; 365 chargeable letters, 81bs. ; 108 franks Blbs. I2oz. ; Coat came to lcwt. 2qrs. 271bs. 12oz. I should mention, that from London to Louth is only 148 miles ; there is a great difference, therefore, between that and Edinburgh. The total cost of conveying the mail once from London to Louth by the present contract, which is just about to expire, for a new contract is just entered into, and I might be almost jus tified in taking the expense under the new contract, but, taking it under the present contract, one trip is 1/. 17s. 7d.; therefore, on 1/. 17s. 7d., the 365 letters being charged to it, it turns out that each letter comes to lid., and seven tenths of a id., instead of being one thirty-sixth of a 1 d., for the cost of transmission, as stated by Mr. Hill. In this case, for only 148 miles, the cost will Le I id. and seven tenths ; if we take the averag e, perhaps it would be abo u t Id. a letter. According to ''Mr. Hill's calculation, taking it on his own figures, the average cost of the transmission of letters is I d., instead of one thirty-sixth of Id." " The cost of a trip to Edinburgh is Si. The cost of a single trip to Louth 1/. 17s. 7d. by the present contract. The day on which this experiment was mach is an average day." _ _ The question may be shortly stated thus : If 6951 b. 9oz. (the weight of the two mails) cost 61. 17s. 7d., how much will one quarter of an ounce cost ? This may be worked mentally with great ease, and with sufficient nearness for the purpose, if the weight be taken as 7001 b., and the cost as 71. Now let us look at the facts established by his Lordship, and then at his reasons. His Lordship establishes— That Mr. Hill's estimate as to .5/. being the cost of the conveyance of the mail to Edinburgh, is correct. That the average weight of both mails 6951 b. 9oz. That the weight of the newspapers and privileged weights is 6521 b. 81oz. That the weight of the chargeable letters by the two mails is 421 b. 14oz. That the number of franks by the two mails is 592. That the number of chargeable letters by the two mails is 1,920. That 592 Parliamentary franks weigh more than 1,920 chargeable letters. We proceed to examine his Lordship's reasons. The question to which his Lordship is speaking, is the actual cost of the transit of a letter which Mr. Hill had stated to be one thirty-sixth part of a penny from London to Edinburgh ; and his Lordship tells the Committee that Mr. Hill is right in his gross calculation, but wrong in dividing the amount by the weight conveyed. And why ? Because, says his Lordship, I carry 15-16ths of the weightfor nothing, and, therefore, I am entitled to say the other sixteenth costs the whole! Now let us suppose that the writer of the sixteenth letter did not choose to send it on any given night—and this self-paying class of correspondence is leaving the Post-office very rapidly—to whom would his Lordship debit the letters of the nobility and privileged gentry ? Could he then say, that the letter that stayed at home, put him to the expense of carrying the other fifteen. The question being between the People and the Go vernment, as public carriers, the cost of conveying a given weight ; his Lordship converts it into a question between the Government and himself as their servant, and then deals with his substituted question, and takes no further notice of Mr. Hill's, which his Lordship veiled as he passed by it. If the Government were finding fault with his Lordship for paying the mail contractor for carrying the fifteen privileged weights, then his Lordship would have a right to say, I must charge you for those weights which you compel me to carry. But that not being the question be fore the Committee, and to which his Lordship professed to be speaking, his reasoning does not answer the question. Put the case thus—sixteen distinct passengers start to gether for Edinburgh, and the gross sum to be paid for the journey is 801. The question being raised, what is the cost of each ? Ordinary calculators would say 51. If the coachman were to insist upon one of the passengers paying the whole 801., we think his Lordship would see the in justice of saying, that any one of them cost 80/., because the coachman chose to fix the whole upon him. Suppose that the coach proprietors had issued free tickets to fifteen of those passengers, and had directed the coachman to take those tickets as cash, would the coach proprietors be en titled to say to the coachman, when he presented the fifteen tickets and a Si. note, we will not receive these fifteen tickets, you most go back to the sixteenth passenger, and insist that he cost the whole expense of the journey, and if his name is Rowland Hill, persuade him that he does not understand arithmetic. The irrelevancy of the case put by his Lordship, and the fallacy of his Lordship's reasoning, consists in his not debiting the parties who oblige him to carry for nothing with the cost of the carriage they impose ; it is not because that party refuses to pay that the account is not to be truly stated, or that the sixteenth ounce occasions the whole outlay. It is one thing to bear the whole outlay, and another thing to occasion it ; and this his Lordship has overlooked. For the same cost of carriage, then, fifteen times the quantity of chargeable letters could be conveyed, for there is no propriety in language, if, in arguing the case of the chargeable letters, any increase caused by the unpaid is put down as an item against the chargeable. The fact that 592 franked letters weigh more than 2,368 chargeable letters, should be attended to. There cannot be a doubt, that if postage were reduced to one penny, a large proportion of those franks would become chargeable letters, as the indulgence of official franks is now largely granted on account of the heaviness of postage, and as to Members' franks, it is within common observa tion, that more than one half of those are given away by the Members, who would not be intruded upon if postage were reduced to one penny. It is therefore a warrantable sup position, that one-third of those franks, which would of itself nearly double the number of chargeable letters, would be brought into the class of chargeable letters. Every chargeable letter, out of London, is shown by his Lordship to carry 15 others, and it follows, that the mail could carry fifteen fold the present amount of chargeable letters, without any increase of expenditure on their ac count. An increase of fivefold and a half only is required to sus tain the present revenue, and far more than that number is shown by the evidence to be certain. The increase, therefore, beyond that number will be nearly all profit, as the carrying of 2,000 letters instead of 1,000, though it would double the amount to be paid to Government, would but slightly increase their expenditure for carriage and dis tribution, and there would be no attendant increase of dead weight. Six thousand letters weigh about 1 cwt., and the cost of their conveyance to Scotland, by weight, would be, let us suppose 205.; the Government would get for that number, at one penny, 251. Then let it be considered, that the evidence before the Committee demonstrates, that if postage were reduced to one penny, an increase in letters might be confidently looked for, to the extent of from twelve to twentyfold. Govern ment would then get, if twelvefold 501. for 12,000 letters paid in advance to the Stamp-office, and would have to pay less than 40s. for carriage. The masses of letters which arrive in any large town are taken by a few principal houses, and are either fetched or put into a box at the Post-office for those houses, and this practice would increase as the number of letters increased ; and, the distribution added, the whole outlay need not be more than a farthing per letter. The Post-office now frequently do not deliver letters when they arrive at post towns without charging an extra penny for delivery, unless the persons addressed live within a very short distance of the Post-office ; they confine them selves, in most borough towns to the limits of the old Par liamentary boroughs. The extra penny is a constant source of complaint to the Post-office authorities, from all parts of the Kingdom, politely answered, but seldom remedied. The following correction applies to an article which we inserted yesterday from the Chronicle :—We have an apology to offer to the Weekly Chronicle, for an error of the Press in our yesterday's Paper. We had written, "As a specimen of the criminations in question we take the following, which the Weekly Chronicle at tributes to one of their leaders, Mr. Bronterre O'Brien, their Sunday organ." Instead of this, the printer, by transposing the words, makes the Weekly Chroniclethe Sunday organ of the Chartists. All who read the IVeekly Chronicle know that it combats the Chart ists a outrance. In the same article, for " This is a ca ricature of a fracuion of the middle classes drawn lately by a hand from whom better things might have been cx pected,i' read portrait in place of fraction.—Morning Chronicle. An inquest was held yesterday afternoon, at St. George's Hospital, on the body of a y )ung man named Stokes, who died in that institution on Friday night, from the effects of fire. It apr,eared that the deceased was a bargeman, and while on board a barge off Chelsea, had in cautiously gone to sleep near a fire which was placed on the deck, when his clothes ignited, and he was dreadfully burnt. Verdict—Accidental death. PARISH BENEFACTIONS.—Yesterday coals, amounting in weight to upwards of forty tons, were distri buted to the poor of the parish of St. Bride's, which was provided for them by a subscription of the inhabitant house holders of the above parish. There are still left at the only remain for now applicants. depot in Bride-lane between thi r ty and forty tons, which annual custom, by a grant ma d e by t w o maiden ladies to On Sunday morning, at eight o'clock, according to the :parish of St. Mary, Paddington, a quantity of small loaves of bread and slices of cheese were distributed to the poor of the parish of Paddington. By the terms of the grpt the loaves must b e thrown from the steeple of the chuF"eli intq tlle 949rchrrd vly which was aceordin done. , • ; 7 HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TO-MORROW. Morning 23 minutes after 9 Evening......... 59 minutes after 9 The publication of THE SUN NEWSPAPER commenced this day ai 10 minutes past Three o' Clock. - 4,.... , CIVP: ti's $ • ~ ..7 .1,, .. 4 .°' ) 4 ; 7' .; -.1101% „ ° ',,,a, AI., ..,,,- -.. Z4...1m s ~. •:,4;-..„,„„ , 4,11111,, u ' : „ .. ;` "::•,,7., ..., „ J ON ,t..........z.11,5--- LONDON: TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 25, 1838. 'We rejoice to see in the terrors of the Herald the growing fruit of the " solemn" meeting at Manchester. Our Contemporary is quite wild with agony, from cor rectly supposing that the meeting of the Chamber of Commerce is the commencement of a severe and de termined struggle on the part of the manufacturers to save their property from annihilation, and the millions who inhabit our manufacturing districts from misery and starvation, by procuring the unconditional re peal of the Corn-laws. It will be time enough to examine the Herald's arguments when it can muster, as it hopes to do to-morrow, calmness enough to state them ; its observations to-clay, which we insert, are as curious a specimen of raving as we have lately encountered. The restric tions on the trade in money, which were enacted in 1819 by the Tories, are, with a total forgetfulness of this fact, ascribed to the free traders. In the same manner, while the country has been pining since 1815 under a restricted corn trade, which has gradually ex cluded us from foreign markets, and limited us to the narrow resources of our own soil, when the whole world offered its bounties to supply our wants, the Herald bawls out that its decline has been caused by free trade, which its Tory patrons and the stupid suicidal landlords have never tolerated for a single moment. With free trade and cheap food the handloom-weavers, over whose fate all men must mourn, would have continued to flourish ; but they have been starved by the Corn laws, and the Herald stupidly ascribes their miseries to a non-existing free-trade. Such rhodomontade, so totally contrary to facts, is worthy of no other notice than to be preserved as a curious specimen of the perverting effects of fear. We have no consolation for our Contemporary. An anti-Corn-law Association has been formed at Stock port as well as at Manchester, and similar asso ciations are in progress in almost every large town, in the manufacturing districts. Mr. PA ULTON'S lectures, which he continues to deliver at different places, are every where attended by crowds, and heard with enthusiastic applause. At length the ma nufacturers have formed a manly resolution, and are determined to rescue themselves and the nation from the villainous griping rule of a selfish Aristocracy, which carries on robbery by law. It is, indeed, time that the dominion of the corrupt descendants of the feudal Barons, who retain, as the Corn-laws show, all their love of plunder, but want their courage, who have adopted the low, safe tricks of their ancestors' slaves, instead of using the strong hand, which would be attended with some danger, as their ancestors did, it is indeed time that this villainous dominion, which has subsituted le gal fraud for open force, should in its turn be brought to an end, as it will be by overthrowing the Corn laws. The manufacturers, however, have no easy task before them ; they must take Lord MELBOURNE'S advice, and resolve earnestly to accomplish their object. Never, in the whole course of our history was justice obtained from our selfish landowning lawmakers, but through the medium of their fears. Too zealous, and too earnest, the manufacturers cannot possibly be. Every moment between this and the meeting of Par liament, must be diligently employed. There is, how ever, great hope of success, for now all the Liberal Journals seem inclined to prefer the Corn-law agita tion to the question of the Suffrage, which, as Mr. PAULTON observed at Stockport, will be ripened, not delayed by our success. We wish, however, to learn, as a general stir is now beginning, what the anti- Corn law Association of the metropolis has done to promote it, and what that Society is doing ? Nobody hears of its existence. We perceive the sages of the Marylebone Vestry have been at loggerheads about the annual decoration of their parish Church with holly. The Vestry, it seems, had, on Saturday se'nnight, very much to their credit, voted the discontinuance of this foolish custom, which had its origin in those days when the rulers of the Christian Church deemed it advisable to conciliate Paganism by incorporating its usages with those of Christianity. At this horrible innovation the so-called friends of the Church took alarm. The abrogation of so ancient a custom, Pagan as they acknowledged it to be, would, they con tended, infallibly lead to the downfall of the Establishment. They accordingly, on Saturday last, rescinded the vote of the former week, and directed the Church to be ornamented as usual T. We heartily wish this practice were altogether discontinued, on this, if on no other ground, that it leads to extensive depreda tions on the gardens in the vicinity of large towns. There is hardly a garden, within ten miles of London, where a holly is to be found that does not bear testi mony to the piety of the metropolitan Church decorators. We inserted yesterday a letter containing a deplo rable account of the labourer's condition in Dorset shire, and some equally deplorable accounts have been made public of their condition in Wiltshire. We do not affirm that the incendiarism which unhappily prevails in the latter county, and of which two fresh instances are contained in The Sun of to-day, are the " natural results" of that wretched condition, but the facts are conjoined, and seem to be cause and effect. In some counties, as in Sussex, we understand that the landowners and farmers have generally agreed to increase their labourers' wages, and the people are said to be comparatively well off and contented. The landowners and farmers of Essex were sometime ago recommended to adopt the same plan, but we apprehend they have declined. In the last number of the Essex, Hens, and Kent M ercury we fi n d th e re port of a meeting held at Chelmsford, on M on d a y week, in which a Mr. JOIN STONE made the following statement " I have been in houses where a loaf of bread or a potato was not to b e f oun d . I h ave b ee n in houses in the neighbour hood of Ti ptree Common, Wi c kham Bishops, Littl e an d Great Totham, Goidhanger, and Beckenham , where the people are recei v i ng only 75., Bs., an d 9 s . a-week. In th e a dj o i n i ng parish of Springfield, many are receiving but 9s. a-week. Children are crying for bread before Saturday night ar rives, when th e f at h e r comes home with his scanty allow ance. F rom P att i sw i c k, a m other is enduring 14 days' im prisonment in the Conv i ct G ao l for taking a few turnips of the value of twopence. She was fined with costs 13 s. 6 d., and c ou ld not pay. H er h u sband has had six month s ' sick ness ; and he and their children are deprived of the only com fort of their hearts, the solace of his mind, and the protector of his children, and all this for twopence.—( Loud cries of Shame I)" As long as such statements are uncontradicted, and as lon g as they are a tolerably correct representation of the condition of the people, theft, outrage, and in cendiarism may be anticipated. The Paris Papers of Saturday, delayed by stress of weather, and the whole of the Journals of Sunday, have been received this morning. On Saturday the Chamber of Deputies proceeded to the olectiou of a c9iipmittet 9f ;title Members to re are an 0,44(9§5, in answer to the Speech from the Throne. In this grand trial of the strength of parties the Ministers were signally defeated—six of the nine Members elected being decided anti-Ministerialists. What must add to the mortification of Count MOLE and his colleagues, they are all men of distinguished ability, so that the Chamber will not lightly set aside any pa ragraph in the draft of an address prepared by them. Their names are MM. TRIERS, GUIZOT, PASSY, ETIENNE, DUVERGIER DE BAURANNE, and MATIIIEU DE LA REDORTE. The systems they re present, the extent of their hostility to the Cabinet, and their influence in the Chamber, are well summed up in the following article on the election of the Com mittee, which we extract from the Courrier Francais of Sunday : " Six out of nine members of this Committee belong to the different fractions of the Opposition. They are, moreover, among the most able of the Chamber, and are distinguished for their decided hostility to the system. M. Passy , for in stance, represents the principle that " the King reigns, but does not govern ;" M. Guizot, in consentinc , to be chosen, wished to prove to the country that he concurred in the opinions his partisans had hitherto defended in his name ; M. Thiers is the personification of the antipathy of France for a system of foreign policy, which induces incessant concessions to the Holy Alliance ; M. Mathieu de la Redorte professes the principles and shares the national feelings of the left ; M. Etienne is the antagonist of the priest and Court parties ; finally, M. Duvergier de Hauranne, as a man of sense and cou rage, has levelled the barrier which hitherto divided parties. To crown the work, M. Dupin reprobated, in the Standing Committee, of which he is a member, the system of the Ca binet, and voted in favour of M. Passy. " The effect of these appointments, is as nothing in comparison with the tone of the debates which preceded them. Messrs. Guizot and Duchatel, in the third Com mittee, warmly attacked the tendency of our foreign po licy. M. Odillon Barrot and M. Thiers, in the sixth, silenced all the arguments adduced by the Ministerial ists in support thereof, who contended that the principles advocated by the Opposition would necessarily lead to a war. M. Jouffroy, in the seventh, severely stigmatized the corrup tion employed by Ministers to gain partisans to their cause. M. Mathieu de la Redorte forcibly pointed out the dangerous consequences which might accrue to France out of the dis solution of her alliance with England.' M. Dufaure and M. lsambert described the stupidity of the apostolical zeal of our rulers, who seek proselytes even in our African posses sions. 'Jo sum up, here are six appointments against three, and two hundred votes against one hundred and seventy-four. Such is the bulletin of the day." The three partisans of the Ministry are—MM. DEBELLEYISIE, DE JUSSIEU, and LA PINSON NIERE—aII Members of little note and less influence. DUPIN, President of the Chamber, is ex-officio Chairman of the Committee, but DUPIN is too crochety, and too subject to fits of independence to serve the purposes of any party. He was evidently seized with one of these fits on Saturday, for on assuming the Presidency of the Chamber he stated that he was wholly unconnected with party, and laid so much stress on his determination to maintain the privileges of the Deputies as to elicit loud cheers. It is rumoured that the KING has already consulted several influential Members of both Chambers about the appointment of a new Cabinet. A well-informed Journal has the following announcement : " At a late hour last night the King had a long conference with the Duke de Cazes, who appears to be called to replace Prince Talleyrand in critical circumstances. This evening ( Saturday), at ten o'clock, the Ministers were still at the Tuile ries, where several political personages likewise attended." The evacuation of Ancona by the French has been followed by some disturbances between the citizens and the Papal troops, in which one young man has al ready lost his life. He was shot in a scuffle with some police. We are happy to learn, that favourable accounts of the health of the Duchess of WURTEMBERG (Princess MARY of ORLEANS) have reached Paris. The worst symptoms of her complaint have disappeared since her removal to Pisa. The settlement of the Belgian question continues to excite a good deal of attention in Paris. We un derstand from other and more authentic sources, that the final adjustment of this affair will take place very shortly. FRENCH FUNDS.-P►RIS. DECEMIIZA 22. - Five per Cents., 1091.45 c. 50c. 40c Latest Prices-109f. 50c. Four per Cents., 10lf. 60c. Three per Cents., 78f. 70c 65c. Bank Actions, 2,68)f. Nente de Naples, 98L 85c. 80c. Roman Five per Cents., 10034 Ditto 100 A Spanish Actives, 16 15% 16 Ditto 16 Belgian Five per Cents., 98 L'Ssai Ditto 99 Belgian Bank, 590 E 550 f. 560 f. Haytaan Loan. 370 f. EICHANON on LeNnoN.—One montkpaper, 25L 20c I money, 251. 15c; rkree months, paper, .25t; —c ; money, 9.5 F. --, Letters and Papers from Madrid, of the 15th inst., have arrived this morning. The Chambers were treating the new Ministers with remarkable forbear ance, in the expectation of receiving from them, so soon as they should have matured their plans, an exposition of that system which General ALAIX has declared adequate to the regeneration of Spain. General CORDOVA was at Osuna, and General NAR VAEZ at the camp of Gibraltar, where they had each received directions to prepare for trial by a Court-martial. As for ESPARTERO, he is so occupied with procuring their condemnation that he has not time for the adoption of any measures against the Carlists. He is now the uncontrouled ruler of Spain, and dictates every proceeding of the QUEEN and the Cabinet. On the 30th ult. Prince GEORGE of Cambridge landed for a few hours at Ceuta. In the course of the day the Wasp, having his Royal Highness on board, sailed for Tetuan. Of warlike intelligence we find nothing but what is contained in the following paragraph from a French journal : The Phare de Bayonne of the 20th has the following article : We learn by express that Baron de Meer fell in with the Cata lonian bands on the 10th, and defeated them. That a second ac tion took place on the 12th, between Astaron and Llavorsi, in which the factious were completely routed and lost many men, killed, wounded, and dispersed. The main body of the rebels retreated in disorder to Avis Santa Crew and Castello. The Count d'Espagne entered Novis on the 12th, and on the 14th continued his march towards Organza, where all the bands are to meet. On the same day the Baron de Meer and his troops oc cupied Realp, Llavorsi, and Esterry. THE Moorr.—M. Arago, the French philcs;opher and astronomer, has been engaged for some time in labo rious researches respecting the supposed influence of this planet on the atmosphere, and on animal and vegetable bo dies, and has come to the conclusion that the popular no tions concerning the influence of the lunar phases (change of moon) have no foundation in theory, and no correspond ence with observed facts. This will astonish sailors and shepherds—the great and undoubted weather -prophets from time immemorial, but he is about to astonish the mad doctors also, and prove that the " Queen of Night" has been cruelly maligned, and that she is entirely innocent of the murders and other countless crimes committed by lunatics. The Great Supply of New Publications issuing from the Press, a n d th e approach i ng N ew Year, induce Mr. Bull, Public Librarian, to remind Private Families, Book Societies, and Literary Institutions, throughout Eng land, Scotland, and Ireland, of the favourable opportunity offered to avail themselves of his New System of supplying all Works, Magazines, and Reviews regularly for perusal, in any quantity, upon the most advantageous terms. Full particulars can be had (gratis), with a List annexed, of all the valuable New Publications, or sent by post as a single letter, on application to Mr. Bull, Librarian, 19, Holies street, Cavendish-square, London. The navigable canals used for the transport of good s and produce in England alone are estimated now to ex ceed 2,200 miles in length, while the navigable rivers ex ceed 1,800 miles, making, together, more than 4,000 miles of inland navigation, the greater part of which has been created or rendered available during the last eighty years. The whole extent of navigable canals at this moment avail able in Ireland does not amount to 300 miles ; and, includ ing navigable rivers, the entire water communication does not exceed 400 miles for the whole island. INFAMOUS PUBLICATIONS.—A correspondent of the Advertiser suggests the formation of a Society for the Protection of Private Character. He truly enough says, " So atrocious have been some of these attacks that the excitement to the nervous system has been too great to bear, and the innocent object of the attack has been snatched to a premature grave ; o ther poor victims , ilaye been or, wounded in ~eir fee li n g s so ac utely as la bring upon th 4nat malady—the total'depsivati4n of reason." (TT. , 1/4-/ WITH WHICH THE " TRUE SUN" IS NOW INCORPORATED. RIGH TON. MONDAY.—The weather still continues so wet that her Majesty could to-day only take exercise in the riding-school. Mr. Brand joined the Royal party at dinner yesterday evening. General Sir William Lumley succeeds the Hon. Major Keppel, on Wednesday, as groom in waiting. There were very few calls at the Palace yesterday, nor were there many this afternoon. Among the names left were those of Lord and Lady Teignmouth. COURT CIRCULAR. MONDAY.—The Duke of Cambridge, attended by Capt. Stephens, returned to town on Friday evening from a visit to the Earl of Lichfield, at Ranton Abbey, Staffordshire. The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and the Princess Augusta of Cambridge attended Divine Service yesterday at Grosvenor Chapel. Mr. Buxton, Colonel O'Reilly, and Colonel M'Neill had an interview with Lord Glenelg, on Saturday, at the Colo. nial-office. M. Van de Weyer, the Belgian Minister, had an inter view on Saturday with the Right Hon. C. Poulett Thom son, at the office of the Board of Trade. Despatches were received on Saturday at the Colonial office from Sir John Colborne, Governor of Lower Canada ; from Sir George Arthur, Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada ; from Sir G. Gipps, Governor of New South Wales ; from Sir J. Franklin, Governor of Van Diemen's Land ; from Sir W. Nicolay, Governor of the Mauritius ; from Major-General Napier, Governor of the Cape of Good Hope ; and from Governor Light, at British Guiana, The Marquis of Normanby had an interview with Viscount Melbourne on Saturday in Downing• street. The Judicial Committee of her Majesty's Most Hon. Privy Council held a meeting on Saturday in the Council chamber, to consider their judgment. The Lords present were Lord Brougham, Mr. Baron Parke, Mr. Justice Bo s inquet, and the Chief Judge in Bankruptcy. Dispatches were received yesterday at the Colonial office, from Colonel Macdonald, Governor of Honduras, and from the Governor of Malta. Viscount Palmerston left town on Saturday for his seat at Broadlands, Hants. Lord Holland entertained Viscount Melbourne and a small party at dinner, on Friday, at his residence in South street. TUESDAY.—The Duke of Cambridge, attended by Baron Knesebeek, went to Richmond-park yesterday morn ing, and spent the day in shooting. His Royal Highness, returned to Cambridge house in the evening. The Marquis of Normanby, and Mr. Shiel, M.P., bad interviews with Viscount Melbourne yesterday, in Down_ ing-strcet. Mr. Burge and Mr. Macqueen had an interview with Lord Glenelg yesterday at the Colonial-office. The Judicial Committee of her Majoe - ey's Most Honour able Privy Council sat yesterday morning in the Council chamber to give judgment in an appeal, Barry v. Butlin in the goods of Pendock Barry, Esq. deceased. Mr. Baron Parke gave judgment on the part of their Lordships, affirming the decree of the Court below, and dismissing the appeal with costs. The Court then rose. The Lords present were Lord Brougham, Mr. Baron Parke, Mr. Jug tice Bosanquet, and the Chief Judge in Bankruptcy. Mr. C. Greville was the clerk of the council in waiting. Dispatches were received yesterday afternoon at the Colonial-office from Captain Prescott, Governor of New foundland. MONEY AND COMMERCIAL NEWS CITY (THIS DAY), TWELVE O'CLOCK. LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, DEC. 24.—A great ac tivity continues in the Market, both on the part of the trade and speculators, which may be attributed to the re cent accounts from the United States. The sales on Sa turday were from 10,000 to 12,000 bags, and the sung quantity was sold this day, chiefly of American descrip tions, half of which was on speculation at an advaoot o f ed. to Id. per lb. on low qualities. Our arrivals this morning are two French mails, and ship letters from Honduras and Fernando Po. The Eliza both, from Prince Edward's Island, arrived at Cork, passed the Royal William, from hence for New York, on Tuesday last, at 9 A.M., in lat. 46, long. 14k, an American liner two miles a head. This being Christmas-day, most of the public resorts, coffee-houses, &c. are ziosed, as well as the Bank of Eng land, Stock Exchange, and Lloyd's ; consequently no bu siness doing of any description. Our arrivals this morning are of a very scanty descrip tion, and they d 3 not bring any intelligence of the least im portance. There will be no second delivery at the Post-office this day. COURSE OF EXCHANGE YESTERDAY. Amsterdam. C.F. 12 4 igibrattar.......•... ....... ...... .... .... 48 RotteDitto, at sight ....... ........... 12 1% Leghorn...... ....... ............. ... 31 rdam 2U.12 4% Genoa ........... —...... i.;.5 0 .......... Antwerp. 31 B M.B l3 10% Venice .......• . ........ . ... 4 8 Paris, . .................. ........ Hamburg........ Altona.... ................. Paris, 3 days' sight 2513 4150 PNalaPlel77:o... .. ......... .....................per oz. 1 3 1 Ti Ditt0.......... ........... 3Mc25 70 I) 7:Lion .. ..... ... ................... .... 53% Marseilles. 53 Bourdeaux Frankfort on Maine, Ex.M 151% Bahia .......... ....... .......... . ..... 26 Petersbutgh, ruble. 3 Us, 16% Buenos Ayres ............. ... .. ..... Berlin ~ Moo ...... 7 0 New York. :21 days' sight ...... 46% Vienna, efte ctive.l4......2 M. 10 6 Philadelphia ..... .. ....... ... .. 46 Neste (1 11.*........... ..... 10 9 PRICE OF MILLION, PER Z . liadrid.„ 36% Portugal Gold, coin .... ...e0 0 0 Midis.... • Etilbea ~,...... 36 New Doubloons ........ ..... 00 0 Saville Barcelona 'l6 , New D o ll ars ...... ..... ...... 041(1 36 , Silver. bar s , s t andard...... 0 4_10%% PRICES OF IRISH STOCKS, DUBLIN, DEC. 22. 3 per sent, Consols 3% per Cent. Stock Ditto Reduced ................. Ditto New, 1830 ....... 1 014 !City of Dubli , :. Stearn eompany -- 36 per Cent. Debentures - Bank Stock debentures, Office Deberitures,4 per Royal Canal Stock Grand Canal Stock - cent ...... ..................»........ .... ........ ---. ...—......................___ We shall take the opportunity of giving Sir James Graham's ina ugura l speech at Glasgow, when a corrected copy reaches us, as all the reports of it which we have yet seen are very imperfect ; the reporters themselves admit ting that the Right Hon. Baronet spoke so quickly that it was next to impossible to follow him. This day, December 25, is the anniversary of the birth-day of Sir Isaac Newton, who was born in 164.!/. It is also the anniversary of the day on which Sir Matthew Hale died in 1676. TITE WEATHER.-It has been - minin g i n L on d on for the last 60 hours. Mr. Murphy p rop h es i ed frost at the end of the month—and to-day (Christmas) it freezes with a vengeance. TIIE TEA TRADE, MONDAY. —The a public sa_lpproachin g P ds continue to limit b us i ness i n this article. The de l 2, - veries last week amounted to 3 96,3001b5. ROYAL EXCHANGE.—The plan suggested for building a new Royal Exchange, it is understood, will be adopted with little, if any, alteration. All the buildi ngs ge and immediately con ti guous to the late Royal Exchan West of that b u ildi ng are to b e thrown down, to make ro om for a grand f ron t to t h e new building facing the Win best styl e o f arc hi tecture. The side-front est, the , oposite the Bank, will b e a l so on a sp l endid scale, and the Opposite the Bank, will be also on a splendid scale, and the new build ing will be much larger than the old Exchange, and extend nearly as far as Freeman's-place. Finch-lane, according to the plan, will be flagged, and no longer a passage for horses or carriages, and there will be no building at eittser side of the new edifice, to obstruct its view. It will be com pletely insulated, and be a considerable improvement to that part of the City when finished. An inquest was held yesterday, in Dean -street, Holborn, on the body of a young married woman, named Callaghan, who committed suicide by hanging herself. It appeared that the husband of the deceased, who i s a tailor, of very dissolute habits, had frequently been in the habit of ill-treating her, and at the time of her death both her eyes were blackened. She was a sober indus trious woman. Verdict—Temporary derangement. THE CANADIAN PRISONERS.--Some misconcep tion seems to exist as to the prisoners from Canada, who arrived a few days since at Live r p oo l. I t has been neouslyerro supposed that they ha ve b een sent to this country for trial. The fact is, they were n o t at a ll concerned in the reecnt insurrection ; they have been tried and convicted in the due course of law in Canada, and have been sent here to be transported, pursuant to their sentences, to what olony her Maje s ty, b y t h e a d v i ce of her Privy Conn• eve r c cil may select and appoint. The result of cold winds, dense fogs, damp atmos pheres, &c. are frequently subversiv e of female comfort and attraction, by generating cracks, chaps, and a harsh rough skin, and signalising a prominent feature of an other w:se beautiful countenance with unseemly coarseness. To successfully oppose those innovations, the ladies have a powerful friend in " Rowland's Kalydor," and where the results mentioned have obtained progress or completion, this infallible specific excludes and resists with an effective ead rapid energy truly astonishing, rendering the skin de lightfully smooth and pleasant ; and, as increasing the fair ness and transparency of the skin, exceeds all competition. •C;, , ~~!r ; $ l, IF .> ~;