The Sun. — London, England, 1836-10-12 00:00:00

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. FRANCE. tis OCT. 9.—lf we may believe a private letter from Madrid, dated October 1, the illness of M. Villiers did not originate from a natural cause. The writer of the letter the founds his opinion on th e di sc h arge o f one o f t h e coo k s o f Legation. After the first visit of the physician, at the departure of the courier, the Ambassador was much better, th ough not cons id ere d to b e wholly out of danger. The !inaular suspicion which the sudden illness of M. Villiers M. excit e d at Madrid, the reports to which the death of M. Rayneval gave occasion, and morbid symptoms from 'which a very strong constitution has not been able to secure !yen the Queen herself—all this suggests to the writer re flections which it would be superfluous to repeat here. A letter from Bayonne says, that Gomez has addressed to the inhabitants of Madrid a proclamation, in which he an nounces to them that he shall speedily arrive before the capital, invites them to submit without resistance to the authority of Don Carlos, and threatens them with the ex ercise of the utmost rigour if they do not take the salutary advice which he gives them. The Nouvelle Minerve affirms, respecting the affairs of .Switzerland, that a secret treaty has lately been signed b etween Messrs. Thiers, d'Appony, Pahlen, and Werther, and that the two principal articles stipulated are :- Ist. That the Powers shall concert together that the S wiss Cantons do not henceforward afford an asylum and Protection to the refugees of the four nations as united by the alliance. 2 d. That these four Cabinets also engage to restore the federal compact, and its primitive conditions, fixed in 1815, Which constituted Switzerland, conformably with the gua rantees which the orders of the affairs of Europe required ; "-Abet is to say, in other terms, that the aristocrats of Berne shall have the influence restored to them of which the revolution of 1830 deprived them.-11fessager, Oct. 10. FRENCH FUNDS.-PARIP, OCT. 10. Five per Cents., 105 f. 45c. 40c. 50c. Four per Cents., 99f. Three per Cents. 78f. 30c. 25c. 20c. 30c. Rank Actions, 2,275 f ltente de Naples, 97f. 50c. Roman Five per Cents., tot N. Spanish Actives, 25 24% 25%. Spanish Passives, 7N %14. Belgian Loan, Five per Cents., 101 10'1%. Portuguese Loan. Three per Cents, 33 33%. kiaytian Loan, 350 E 345£ EXCHANGE ON LONDON. Onemonth, paper, 25c. 30c.; money, 25f. 27%c. Three months, paper, 9.5 f. 10c. ; money, 25f. sc. -fours Authentiguc. BOURS E , QUARTER TO FOUR.-Our market has been very 'el o t-day, before the opening of the Bourse and after. The to -day, Cents., were at 78f. 50c. ; they have since been ( lone at 78f. 2bc., but have improved to 78f. 30c., buyers, with a Very unsteady market. No further news than of the 2d from Madrid. LAST PRICES.-Five per Cents., 105 f. 50c. ; Three Per Cents., 78f. 40c. ; Five per Cents. Spanish, -; Three er Cents. Spanish, -; Cortes, -; Coupons, - Gueb rds) • Differes, 91; New Loan, -; Actives, 25 k; Pas e,g; 7-1; Ducats, 95 70 ; Romans, 1011 ; Pedros, ; B elgians, 1004; Dutch, -1. -c. ; Haytians, 345 f. ; gaels,- Vrabant Bank, -; Belgian Bank, 24 ; Con ttiiation, --c. ; New Differes, -; Five per Cent. Perpe ; Royal Loan, -; Three per Cent. Portuguese, 331. SPAIN. (Extracts from the Madrid Papers of Oct. 2.) The Madrid Gazette of the 2d contains several Royal decre es ann ounc i ng the appointment of various individuals to , superior administrative posts. Don Alava Gomez, ex - Minister of Justice is named Judge of the Superior Tri nun i ' a of Justice, n place of Calatrava, transferred to other functions. Don Antonio Gonzales, President of the last buttes, i s name d J u dge of the same tribunal, in place of o n M. Genvera de Villotta, who has been allowed to prefer his claim to retire. Accordi ng t o th e p rov i s i on s of another decree, no pen -B,a3a On the n a ti ona l Treasury, or upon any other national .1 • funds, will be paid to Spaniards residing in foreign coun tries without the special authority of her Majesty. Even those who may be absent from the country in virtue of a special permission, or mission, will not receive their pen 2T3us or pay unless they can show proof of having sworn to t he Constitution. Those who left the kingdom before the 15th August, in virtue of a permission from the Govern °lent, will neither receive pay nor pension if they do not ( brain a renewal of their permission. C IRCULAR ADDRESSED BY THE MINISTER OF THE INTERIOR TO THE PROVINCIAL POLITICAL CHIEFS. " The mobilization of the National Militia is one of the Most effective measures which the Government could have adopted to render serviceable the efforts of the army, to de fend the fortified places, to pursue the rebels in all direc t-tens, and, while insuring the triumphs of liberty, to restore to the different towns that tranquillity of which they stand 80 much in need. But in proportion to the importance of Measures is the extent of the obstacles which oppose their execution. It is for the Government to consider the amount of those obstacles, and to remove them with strong hand. When the safety and prosperity of !!le country are concerned, no sacrifice ought to be con- Ildered painful, and no p rivate interest should be so in "eential as patriotism. Itis the duty of all Spaniards, and es Pecially of the civil authorities, the provincial deputa tltms, and of the juntas of armament and defence, to pro mote the views of the Government by organizing rapidly as t f t meY battalions of National Militia as will suffice as a de co to to the loyal population of Spain, and to strike terror t al d dismay among the rebellious hordes. For this purpose the above- named authorities and bodies ought to provide Me ans, and collect funds wherever they can find them, to a rm, l , equip, and assist the corps o f Natio nal Militia in th ose places where they are bound to assemble. The au thorities will furnish them with beds, hospitals, and, in a W ord, with whatever may be required by citizens who aban rtheir h omes t o respond to the appeal of their country. irt een days after the receipt of the p resent circu lar by the .11thorities of every provincial capital, the National Mi litia, in the district intended for mobilization, ought to be 3 MPletely equipped and organized. Such is the desire of er Maje s t y the Queen. " Madrid, Sept. 30th, 1836. " LOPEZ." PORTUGAL. PROTEST OF THE PEERS OP PORTUGAL. der Madain e —Th e P e ers of the Kingdom of Portugal, un signed, could not help reading with surprise and regret th e "eeree signed by your Majesty on the 10th of this Month, by which your Majesty acknowledges as the public Se p t ember, of th e realm the Political Constitution published in e O t enther, 1822. h,, T he Constitutional Charter of this Monarchy, granted Aa Portuguese Sovereign, the august father of your Ma lyY, accepted by the orders of the State, solemnly sworn th em d ef . , and by your Majesty, and a first and second time een 'nued by the Portuguese army with feats of the greatest t i n „, B attcy and bravery against military forces by far supe , numbers, though inferior in gallantry, and who had dared to fight against it, could not be revoked or annihilated 4 , 41 4 moment of hallucination, by a fraction of the said lie Y, when this said army, according to the Constitution ev _ Proclaimed by it, and according to the public law of tt e v r e Y civilised nation, is essentially obedient, and can madame,P be assembled to deliberate on and carry resolutions. , by the Constitutional Charter, part of the Na do,„"at Representatation belongs to the Peers of the King of.'" ; it also belongs to them to watch over the keeping C the Constitution : and without the approbation of their tu t 4 i o m ber no alteration can be made in any of the Consti ,roal Articles. th lti n ese are, indeed, great prerogatives, and important s uff e s , which th e i r honour, the sanctity of an oath, and long i e . r ings supported by them, cannot permit to be despised. Ing then on this that they lay the foundation of carry- Cl, er ore the presence of your Majesty, as the Supreme d ee l ef of th e nation, this their protest against the illegal ) oe r r e Lcounte r signed by one of your Ministers ; hoping that tue - s .1 " - " a jesty will make such a use of it, that the Porto 11°Wia as well as the foreign nations , may have means of , ti t h. 4 that the Peers of the kingdom neither promote v a i n a ?Prove revolutions, and that honour and oath are not t na mes to the m . P ee e g the honour of kissing your Majesty's hands, the r of th e ki ng d om D uke of PALMF LI A, PreSidCllt. Count L p a AVRADIO. Tis AlselSCO MANIIEL TRIGOZO. Viseount de LAnoant. Loma de B ANHO . r oL TCARP O JOSE MACHADO. A ILT110:.031 E0 d e G AMBOA L I Z. C o unt LINO IRES • o Junt de FART 1080. B 7: F RANCISCO BRAAMCAMP. u r ite of TERCEIRA. On de RENDRIFFE. v ?"ot V ILLA REAL. L' 8 "1111t SIERR A de PILLAR. , LS CO SIMOEN S MARGIOCIII. P it , x ,fsco Bishop of Coimbra and Count of Arganil. AGoo_asco Lutz DE SOUZA BARRADAS. m.2 11 N110 JOSE FREIRE. 14 :1 11 , 0E L de MACEDO PEREIRA CoNTINHo. I°,l. GONCALVES de MIRANDA. L rq " is de SAmpLto. tr iz de VASCONCELLOS C SOUZA. Viscount p ce, t dount seAucoGRATLo. Covo BANDEIRA. SAMPAIO. unt de MELLo. XAVIERASTIAO i \ - 1 . 4 bon, S ept. 181836.BOTELLO. Lave. l3. T he total Li s b on never taken number of Peers is 41 ; of these two Quo w hen thi their seats, and many were absent from _ en. 3 protest was signed and presented to the 1,/ sun „, bee;:b; 3 l c ;' r. :I.—he tribunal of the public Treasury decree o Tf the 26th ult., abolished, and the attributes which belonged to that office are to be exercised provisionally by the employes of the Finance Department. The salaries of the former office have been considerably re duced, which reduction will come into operation on the Ist of this month. The saving in this one branch only is 5,9041., and including the salaries of the abolished tribu nals, 6,4601., amount together to 12,364/., while the re trenchments made up to the present exceed 150,0001. ster ling per annum. Out of the eleven Councillors of the Treasury, one only, an M. J. F. da Costa Sampayo, has sworn to the Constitution of 1820 ; and he, as a reward for his patriotism, is to receive a subsidy of 2501., being a third part of the salary lie received when belonging to that office, until he can be conveniently employed. As the Constitutional Charter of 1820 provides only for one House of Representatives, the Chamber of Peers has in consequence been dissolved. Her Majesty, taking into consideration the actual state of things, and how beneficial it would be that her Throne and the Constitution of the State should be confided to the loyalty of the citizen soldiers, ordains, that all the corps of the National Guard throughout the kingdom shall assemble every Sunday, to be exercised and inspected, during the space of three months, commencing from the 23d ult. Every regiment of the line, without distinction, is now admitted to the honour of deing duty at the Palace. The commercial intercourse between the ports of Portu gal and Belgium during the first quarter of this year is as follows :—There sailed from Antwerp and Ostend for Por tugal 13 vessels ; and from Portugal to the above ports 8 vessels, one only being Portuguese. Portugal exported in sugar, tobacco, and various merchandise, including one case of wine only, to the value of 172,940 francs, and Belgium in window-glass, books, liqueurs, hats, chairs, and other furni ture, grinding-stones, carpets, gown-pieces, porcelain, glass, hardware, brushes, billiard-tables, picture-frames, carriages, hones, cloths, cutlery, mirrors, painters'-brushes, quills, &c., 248,373 francs, showing a balance in favour of Belgium of 75,433 francs. It is to be hoped the intrigues of the Camarilla will soon be put an end to, and that they will see the propriety of going on quietly, and leavinc , to the discretion of the Cortes the modifications of the Constitution of 1820, which, in many of its provisions, is less liberal than the charter of Don Pedro. His Majesty's steamer put in here for coals, on her way to the West Indies, on the 28th ult., and sailed yesterday. The Opossum packet arrived from England on the 30th ult., with the mail of the 19th. The Espoir, with the mail of the Ist instant, sailed for Falmouth yesterday ; and the Manchester steamer, last from Falmouth, came in last evening. In the Tagus, his Majesty's ships Hastings, Cornwallis, Malabar, Endynion, and Tweed. Exchange on London, at 30 days' sight, 56i to 561, per milree ; discount on paper money, 30 per cent. ; Titulos admissible in the purchase of national property, 36 to 37, variable ; Bonds bearing 4 per cent., 60 to 64, variable ; Bank Actions, 650 to 660, variable ; Pillar dollars, 880 to 890 ; Sovereigns, 4,160 to 4,180 reis. SWITZERLAND. Several English journals announce that Lord Palmerston had given orders to the British Minister in Berne to offer his mediation between the Helvetic Confederacy and the French Government. We are not aware of there existing any foundation for that statement.—Journal des Debats. BERNE, OCT. 6. CIRCULAR OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE SWISS NATIONAL ASSOCIATION TO THE SECTIONARY BRANCHES THEREOF. _ " Confederates !—ln the present alarming situation of Switzerland, the National Association, whose first object is to watch over the honour and independence of the country, hasten to join the well-intentioned citizens in affording every aid and support to the authorities in all the measures they may think proper to adopt. Our circular of the 31st of July last, to which we refer you, contained the following ex pressions respecting the first note of the French Govern ment They cry down our institutions, and seem little anxious to conceal their intention of attacking them.' Our anticipations have been confirmed ; the attack is flagrant ; the new note of the French Government is, from one end to the other, a provocation to overturn institutions which a free, sovereign, and independent people established in the Swiss cantons in the years 1830 and 1831—a provocation to civil war. The present order of things is called a fatal regime— the empire of force—a deplorable change—domestic ty ranny ;' and the Swiss are invited to secede from erring and enslaved Switzerland,' and join enlightened and free Switzerland ! ' The strong union and boundless devotion of the citizens to the common cause can alone, with the help of God (if we do not wish to incur contempt) secure a successful issue to our resistance against an unjust ag gression, and the war with which we are threatened. That union constitutes the basis of Swiss nationality, and requires that all dissenting views, every difference of opinion should cease. Whatever may be the idea entertained of our Fe deration, of the Vorort, and Diet, in whatever point of view the federal revision may be held, the Swiss national Association, established at Schinznach, forgets the un grounded charges and the undeserved attacks directed of late against it, and stretches a fraternal hand to all parties, inviting them to reconciliation and union, in order that all the children of the country may offer an impene trable barrier to the common foe. It is urgent that the people, since their cause is at stake, should be ready to make every sacrifice to preserve their honour and independence, and give their opinion with regard to the satisfaction de manded of Switzerland. Every citizen must protest with energy against the denial of a fact evidently true, for such condescension would be unworthy of a nation at all careful of its honour. The sections of the association will join their fellow-citizens in the expression of their opinions, agreeably to the usage of the country, either by attending popular meetings or addressing petitions to the Legislature. The sections are accordingly directed to return deputies, who shall hold themselves in readiness to attend the general meetings of the association the moment the convocation takes place. " Receive, dear Confederates, our salutations and the as surance of our devotion to the cause of the nation. " In the name of the Central Committee, " H. DRUEY, President, "J. L. B. LERECHE, Secretary-General. "Lausanne, Oct. 3, 1836."—Observateur Suisse. UNITED STATES. ELECTION OF PRESIDENT. The election by the electoral colleges will be made on Wednesday, the 7th day of December next. The choice of electors in the several States is required to be made within 34 days preceding that day. The election in all the States, we believe, except South Carolina and the new States of Michigan and Arkansas, is ordered by law to be made by general ticket on some day in November, viz. in about half the States on the first Monday, in others on the second Tuesday or second Monday, in one on the second Wed nesday, and in one as late as the fourth Wednesday. The whole number of electors to be chosen, if Michigan becomes a State by agreeing to the conditions of the act of admis sion, will be 294 ; and consequently, if all vote, 148 votes will be necessary to effect a choice. The following table shows the number of electors to be chosen by each State : Maine lO New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island 4 Connecticut S Vermont New York 42 New Jersey 8 Pennsylvania 3O Delaware Maryland Virginia.. 23 North Carolina l5 South Carolina ll Georgia ll Michigan Ohio 2l Indiana 9 Illinois 5 Kentucky l5 Tennessee l3 Alabama 7 Mississippi Missouri . 4 Arkansas ILoursian Total 294 SOUTH AMERICA. BUENOS AYRES, JULY 25.—Early last week intelligence reached us that the Oriental Republic was again in a state of agitation, and the overthrow of the present Government likely to happen. For some time past the Government of General Oribe has been constantly opposed by the partisans of General Rivera, the ex-President. Both parties have been making considerable exertions to gain strength and increase their influence previous to the general elections of October next, which, aecord;eg to the number of deputies in favour of either, will decide Ow nomination of the President who will succeed General Oribe, _ . VY Reports have lately been circulated, that disturbances were to be eApegted about the time of the elections ; but it appears that on the 14th inst. the Government was in forti:ed that secret meetings were held by the chiefs of itoi'a'3 party, that men were igsombling, and arms given Up o n this news the government sent a message to the tt 'e h r em. Permanent Committee of the Chambers, declaring that the country was in danger from rebelli o n, Our latest dates from Monte Video are of the 21st inst., at which period nothing positive was k no wn o f the move ments of General Rivera, nor of the chiefs attached to him. A skirmish had, however, taken pl ace b e t wee n a party of men headed by the Chief of Police of San Jose, and a j apre numerous body, which declared itself in favour of Rivera. The Chief of Police and the oreater part of his detachment, warn e ;,,t,her killed or wounded. Buenos Ayres has hour) ne of a m assacre , so hor rible and barbarous, that WhatPFPF f9a/ 14P the reppns of expediency urged in its defenpe, an intipliblp stain of cold blooded cruelty must for ever be attached to the memory of our present Governor, I)on Juan Manuel de tosas, who ordered it, Not to harrow the minds of our readers with the details of this hateful affair, it suffices to inform you, that a party of about eighty Indians, brought from the South, were shot last week, by six and seven at a time, against the barracks of the Retiro, and their bodies cast into a trench, dug for that parpose, under the walls of the Recoleta Convent. Exchange on England, 7d. 1-16 to per dollar ; Local Six per Cent. Stock, 72 to 73 per cent. (Extract from the British Packet.) BUENOS AYRES, JULY 23.—Considerable excitement was produced in town on Wednesday morning last, in con sequence of intelligence that symptoms of revolution had appeared in the Oriental State. Letters were received were received from Las Vacas, and other places on the Oriental coast, announcing that Lavalle, Medina, and other chieftains, were mustering men to act against the Govern ment ; and that General Fructuoso Rivera was supposed to he at the head of this opposition to the legal authority. The Monte Video letters and papers of the 19th instant notice the insurrectionary movements above-mentioned ; stating, at the same time, that all was tranquil in that capi tal—that the Government was strong, and able to suppress any insurrection, provided its officers in the country districts did their duty. A party of marauding Indians, belonging to the Chilian and Borogan tribes, whose depredations formed the only exception to the security of life and property in the more distant parts of the country, and who, after many attempts to reclaim them, proved incorrigible, were sent hither in the brig Rio de la Plata, and executed in the Plaza of the Re tiro on Thursday morning last. The landing of the above Indians on Wednesday, in company with a number of wo men and children, chiefly captives, who had been re-cap tured from the Indians by the expeditionary army under the command of General Rosas, attracted a considerable crowd to the beach. A military and police guard were in attendance upon the occasion. We believe that during the passage from Bahia Blanca hither, from 15 to 20 Indians were either drowned, or got adrift in a boat. RIO GRANDE.—The following is an extract of a letter, dated Rio Grande, 23d ult. :—" For some days past we have been besieged by the outside party, and who (after forcing a passage of the San Gonzalo, and driving away a gun-boat and armed steam-boat stationed there), now oc cupy the country between this and San Francisco de Paulo. The town is defended by about 800 men and ten or twelve pieces of artillery. Our supplies of cattle have been cut off, and fresh beef being very scarce, we are obliged to have recourse to Marqui. " An official report was received this morning, of a counter-revolution in that city. It is stated that the town has been taken by a party in the Government interest, and that fifty-two of the leading men of the Republican party have been thrown into prison. It is difficult to say what effect this will have on the question, as much will depend on the relative force of Bento Manuel and Bento Gouzal vez. We have heard nothing regarding these gentle men, for a long time past."—Buenos Ayres British Packet, July 23. COVENT GARDEN THEATRE. The first piece at this theatre last night was the Clan destine Marriage. It is scarcely necessary to say that it was admirably performed, for the principal characters were filled by Farren, Mrs. Glover, and Webster. This being Mrs. Glover's first appearance at Covent-Garden she was warmly greeted by the audience. The comedy was followed by a new farce in two acts, called Mutual Expense ; or, a Female 7'ravelling Companion. The incidents, so far as they could be collected, in the midst of uproar, almost un rivalled since the days of the 0. P. row, were these :—Mr. Harmony Honeysuckle (Mr. Webster), a retired perfumer, now able to keep his britschka, being desirous of taking a tour of pleasure upon economical terms, advertises for a companion, willing to bear half the expenses of the journey. His overtures are accepted by Miss Prudentia Peppercorn (Mrs. Glover), who is desirous to enjoy the pleasures of Harrogate and Newmarket with as little intrusion as pos sible upon her own pecuniary resources. The annoyances of the perfumer commence before they set off, for Mrs. Peppercorn and her servant insist upon the best places in the vehicle, and poor Honeysuckle is so loaded with trunks, books, bandboxes, and other items, that he be gins to repent very seriously of his advertisement. Their first halting-place is at a country inn, where there is but fil thy and poor accommodation, with the additional inconve nience of a drunken serjeant and a party of clodhoppers, his recruits. Here Honeysuckle's nerves are put to a se vere trial by the delays of the lady, and the necessity he is under of paying the whole bill. Besides this, the ser jeant picks a quarrel with him, and they are about fighting a duel. Up to this point in the piece it was heard with some patience, but a violent contest of hisses and declama tions now commenced, and it would not be easy to deter mine which party was the more numerous. The greatest confusion prevailed in all parts of the house, and some slight specimens of pugilism were given, both in the pit and galleries. The second act, however, commenced, and with it the uproar so loud and long, that Mr. Osbaldiston came forward. He held a letter in his hand, which be said he had received that morning, intimating that a party had been formed to oppose the three. He requested it might be heard to the close, and if then it should not meet with the approbation of the audience it would not be perse vered in. It was heard, and hissed to the close—damned, and withdrawn. The fate it met with was not undeserved. EXTRAORDINARY CIRCUMSTANCE.—On the Ist instant, Thomas Rapley, late shepherd in the employ of Mr. Gosley, an extensive farmer at Ewell, Surrey, hung two favourite sheep-dogs with one cord across the bough of a tree, and then committed suicide by hanging himself with his neckerchief to the next tree. The poor fellow, who was not more than nineteen years old, was a sober and most trust-worthy servant, but of a very irritable disposi tion ; he was known to be much attached to his faithful dogs, for one of which he had lately been offered thirty shillings ; this sum he refused to take, adding, that he should l i keep them as long as they lived. Nothing particular was observed in his conduct previous to this act that led to a supposition that he was insane ; but on the day of his death he bade two of his fellow-servants good-by (an unusual cir cumstance) as he was, with his dogs, going towards thn field in which he was found suspended, as abaw desceibed. The underwood round the tree to which he was hanging had been cut away, as if to aid his determination. On examining his person, it was found that his hand had been bitten by a dog. No evidence appearing to account for the rash act, the jury was much divided as to their verdict, but at length returned one to the effect " That the de ceased hung himself in a fit of temporary derangement." ENGLISH NAVAL EXPLOITS.—On this day (October 12), in the year 1702, Admiral Sir George Rooke, with the allied fleet, entered the port of Nego, in Galicia, and captured four Spanish galleons, and five large men-of-war ; while the Dutch took five galleons and one first-rate ; besides which there were destroyed six galleons and fourteen men-of-war, with a great part of the riches they contained. On the same day, in 1798, the Brest squadron, consisting of one first-rate man-of-war, eight frigates, a schooner, and a brig, destined to land forces on the N.W. coast of Ireland, was attacked by Sir John Bor. lace Warren, who had three ships of the line, five frigates, and one sloop of war. After a sharp engagement, the French man-of-war La Hoche and four frigates were captured. Registration Courts for the north division of Essex will be held at Saffron Walden, October the 15th ; at Dunmow, 18th ; Barking, 19th ; Castle Hedinghaus, 20th ; Halstead, 21st ; Manningtree, 24th ; Harwich, 25th ; Thorpe, 26th ; Colchester, 27th ; and Witham, 29th. Barristers—Messrs. Montague Chambers and Charles Hope Maclean. On Monday afternoon, an inquest was held at the Holland Arms Tavern Kensington, on the body of Mrs. Betty Carter, an aged lady of property, residing in Ed wades-square, Kensington, who died from the effects of the extensive injuries she had sustained from her clothes catching fire. The deceased was in a very imbecile state, and was found by the servant holding her apron, which was blazing, to the fire. Before the flames could be extin guished the old lady was severely burnt. Verdiet—Acci i dental Death. THE WRONGS or IRELAND.—At Middleton we got fresh horses at a respectable looking hotel, where, to our surprise, the horses were led out of th shop door to be put to. " How many miles to Cork ?" we asked gf man who was helping to harness them, ‘i Why, ;fir," replied ho, "it was eleven miles /cyst year, but it's thirteen this, owing to a message the master had from one of the Judges, in spring last, plase your Honor," "" And what was the mean ing of that ?" said we, " Oh, by dad, I don't know at all, your Honor," added our Informant," unless it's doing away wid every thing th a t's ould and Irish ; th e y t oo k awa y the Parliament ; bail lock to them, at the Union ; and now they're for carrying Mt all our ould Irish miles, and laving us nothing but their short English ones."— Ulster Times. The following is an extract of a letter from Captain To.ylor, of the ilannony, from Labrador, dated off Dover, Oct, 10, YOPPIYO at Lloyd's ye§terclay 0 11 the @,d Oct., in the mornmg, §4W 4 cl 4 qrStp4 anloi water logged, it still blowing strong. We rap tp see who she was, but to Oil!' grout mrprin finwi tlytt thm Were getae people still on board. How to ;Tilder tliete assistance I did not know, having lost opr boat in the gale, qreat praise is due to my sailors Wh9 TiSlc.ed it in the small Shell of a haat and saved nine gut pc elevens TWA Were se weak they could not get into the boat, and QUO of th© nine that w ere taken on board. L.arne stela. ua.,e. and in a deranged state, and on the same night he died. Had we been one half hour later there would not have been one man alive, for the gale came on so strong that we obliged to hand all sail, and run under the reeepdforesail right, before the Wind. The ship's name is the Superior, of Cardiff, John Dunn master, from Miramiehi to Cardiff, and timber laden," DREADFUL SHIPWRECK. (FROM OUR CORRESPONDENT.) Portsmouth, Oct. 11, 1836. From some unaccountable error, or fatal mistake in reckoning, a lamentable shipwreck took place this morning at. five o'clock in Mile Bay, at the back of the Isle of Wight : the ship LI/arentimt, Walker, master, from St. Kitts, came on shore at that hour in a tremendous gale of wind, and shortly went to pieces. Twenty-four persons were drowned, but the second mate and two seamen got on shore alive. The beach is strewed with puncheons of rum. Letters from Portsmouth state that the Clarendon, Walker, from St. Kitt's, bound to London, was totally wrecked in Chalde Bay, Isle of \\Tight, the second mate and two seamen only saved. The following are the names of the passengers :—Licut. Shaw, his wife, four daughters, and servant ; William Pemberton, Esq., of Nevis, Miss Pemberton, Miss Gourley, of Portsmouth ; Miss Shepherd, of Exeter. (FROM ANOTHER CORRESPONDENT.) Cowes, Oct. MELANCHOLY LOSS OF THE CLAP.ENDON VEST INDIA MAN.—NITON, ISLE OF WIGHT, ()CT. 11.—We have been visited with a succession of gales of wind and rain for some days, but those of last night were, if possible, more violent than any which preceded them. Soon after day light this morning the ship Clarendon, Capt. Walker, from St. Kitt's, for London, came on shore in Chale Bay, near Black Gang Chine, and instantly became a wreck. Out of 27 persons overboard, only the second mate (William Harris) and 2 men were saved. Very little, if any, of the cargo is expected to be saved, as it continues to blow so hard from the S.W. ; a few puncheons are floating about. ROYAL YACHT' SQUADRON.—We are authorised, from the best source, to contradict a statement which has ap peared in many of the papers, " That the Duke of Buccleuch was to succeed Lord Yarborough as Commander of the Royal Yacht Squadron." So far from his Lordship's having retired from that situation, he has ordered Mr. Joseph White, ship builder, of East Cowes, to build him a new yacht, and has selected a tree from his park at Appul durcombe, of which to form the keel. His Lordship is rapidly gaining strength, and is almost restored to perfect health since his return to this healthy spot. IRELAND. CONSERVATIVE MEETING.—On Tuesday there was a meeting of the Conservative Society at Cork. The Earl of Bandon took the chair ; when, amongst other things, it was declared that the royal squadron was an " awkward squad"—the three registering barristers, " the very scum of the profession," and the anniversary of the gunpowaier plot, was chosen for a feed, in reference to which occa sion milk and water Protestants were denounced, and those who would leave their glass unemptied at the spirit-stirring toast of " Old Glorious." It was gravely stated, and that too by the son of the Lord Bishop of Cork, that on a re cent occasion the Honourable E. Phipps, brother of the Lord Lieutenant, declared that no Protestant Clergyman should receive more than 3301. per annum, and that the Lord Lieutenant was determined, by that means, to .starve men into compliance with his wishes. What a glorious starving process ! We should like to know how the tithe-hunted would like to pine upon such a pittance. TITHE MARTYRS.—The work goes bravely on in Meath —the number of persons, sacrificing their comforts and their liberty sooner than pay tithes, is increasing in Trim Gaol. Mr. Bernard Ford, of Aungierstown, was added to that number on Friday last. He was arrested while superin tending his business on his farm. The special bailiff ern-' ployed on this occasion, was Robert Hammond, the son of Samuel Hammond, who was transported some years ago for life. This Samuel Hammond was a noted highwayman and robber, and evaded justice for many years ; but he was caught at last, and although the law awarded his crime the gallows, yet the prerogative of mercy sent him out of the country. He had a brother, Robert Hammond, after whom the special bailiff was called, and this Robert was hanged for murder. What a pity it is that the law has de prived young Hammond in his tithe career of such worthy assistants as his father and uncle would have been ! But the public are not to imagine that Robert Hammond is without fit and proper assistants—oh, no! On the occasion of Mr. Ford's arrest he was accompanied by —, of Navan, and a Master —; the latter of' whom is the nephew to the former, and the son of an attorney from the south of Ireland. Graduates under Mr. Hammond, and assistant catch-poles, will, of course, from such a respecta ble school, have strong claims on the Honourable Mr. Plunket, to be appointed bailiffs to him for the levying of civil bill decrees under the late act. Mr. Ford was super intending the spreading of some flax ; seeing Hammond ap proach he ordered him off his land, and while attracted by Hammond —.came in his roar, and had his pistol le velled at his head before he was perceived, and thus was Mr. Ford obliged to surrender at discretion, and is now in gaol rather than pay tithes. This is the second time that Mr. Ford has been tithe-martyred, and has been put to upwards of 40/. costs ! ! ! STIPENDIARIES.—The Government are bound to look particularly to the conduct of their officials, and to see that their time, for which the people pay handsomely, is really devoted to the public service. Will it be believed that Mr. T. Brew the Clare stipendiary, who was advanced from a chief constable at Oran to the Clare police magis tracy, pro tem., as was then stated, unites the duties of his office to the business of an extensive grazier, and at tends the fairs for the double purpose of buying old cows and catching old drunkards. Yet so it is—and it is even hinted that if he offers within a few shillings of what an other would give, it will not be refused by the peasant, who may be in the " Justice's" power before the fair is over. Mr. Brew has pocketed between 3,000/. and 4,000/. of the pub lic money since he came to Clare, with a temporary ra;;; K for the suppresion of the " Terrys." This is go-,,t1 pay ment, and, if not returned to his tllef constbleship, he ought to be sent away from Isis farms. passing over the case of " Michael Wilkey," we tliink he is not the person for Clare, f ill , Many reasons. --:Pilot. hi:44 O E RENT.—II appears by the return, that for the week ending Oc.t. 6, the amount is 93/. Gs. 7,1. Oftalloltsm.—We trust that the activity displayed by the magistrates of Enniskillen will speedily purge the town of the scandalous evil consequent upon the unrestrained demonstrations of party. On Monday last the case of Thomas Gilleese against Christopher Irwin was called on at the Petty Sessions, when, according to the Enniskillen Chronicle, the following facts were elicited : From the evidence of Gilleese, and his son Henry, it appeared that on the evening of the 29th of August last, when the Rev. Mr. Reade and Mr. Hudson were pro ceeding at the head of the military through Henry -street, Irwin came forward to Gilleese, who was standing at his own door, and calling out " No Pope," made an attempt to strike Gilleese with a stick. Gilleese avoided the blow by stepping back, and immediately called on the magistrates to arrest the defendant, The magistrates having each a man in custody at the time, were too much occupied to observe the transaction. Irwin, when called on for his defence, said he could not find his witness. The Court, who were at first disposed, from the trivial nature of the assault, to deal leniently, expressed great indignation at the tone of insolence and defiance assumed by Irwin on the table. Both Major Burke and Mr. Gabbett announced their deteimination to maintain the respect and authority of the Court, and to commit any person who should dare to beard it by such insolent and audacious conduct. Irwin was sentenced to pay five shillings fine, and sixpence costs, or in default of payment to be imprisoned for one month. He doggedly refused to pay the fine, but eventually a girl, a servant in Carmiehael's public-house, volunteered to pay it h erse lf , though against the wish' of the de fendant, The daring of the fellow in the first instance was only equalled by his subsequent contumacy ; and we rejoiced that the latter awakened even Captain Gabbett to a sense of the outrageous character of the party with which he is identified. A Mr. Maguire came before the Court to lodge informations against an individual for assault on the 29th August ; but on the recommenlij on o f Major Burke, the application was deferred for a few d a y s _ that gentl eman stat i ng that he expee.'sed a communication from G overnment on the subject all the proceedings whi c h occurred o the day of the Lord Lieutenant's visit.—Pilot. HELL S .,--,Ti l e Freeman's Journal has been threat ened with an action for calling attention to these moral nuisances, Our fearless and able Contemporary is not to be driveti from discharging an important public duty by the infamous threats of the hell-keepers and their infernal agents. He is determined to persevere in calling for their suppression, and promises in a few days " to show how many murders and suicides have originated in the hells of Dublin." The Freeman retains a conviction that an active Lord Mayor might put down all the hells in Dublin, BOXING MATCH EXTRAORDINArty,—A laughable de scription of a boxing match, which oeeurred between the Rev. Mr. Nunnssen, an(l hfs own Rebellion Ruffian, John Conston, appeays in the SbutAern Reporter, The follow ing desokiPiion of the first two rounds are unique :—The First Round—They commenced with a very cautious sp ar superior mi g h t , ring, the Ruffian being evidently afraid of the Parso n 's He danced about the ring for many minutes, so th a t hi s reverence cou ld not ma ke asingle t iow tell, until a ft er two or t h ree well executed fets, he touched on the nob, an d d own went Itch-'ion. Second Round—, on. This round Iv 7 s prightly affair, bath go,.in to n they had t a k en eac h other's mcastlll4 in No first. The Parson, wh om I s h a ll occ asionally pall the Lily-white, f rom the colour of hi s c l o th, let fly left-handed lunge at th e ffi Ruan's jugular, which was stopped most scientifically, and returned by a well pl a nted chopper on the wing, th a t sappe d g work .. • . more sprig his reverence's claret freely. Derry took it kindly, and finished the round by flooring Conston with a tremendous cross-buttock, RANGOON PRIZE-MONEY. Considerable discontent has been manifested, and with great justice, at the delay which has taken place in distributing the prize money to the troops who were at Rangoon, now so many ' years ago. It is a sad reproach to the Government, whether of the East India Company, or the British monarchy, to allow many years to pass after every war in which the troops en gaged are entitled to prize-money. The larger nortion of the men and officers who in this instance escaped the danger of war, disease, and famine, are now dead and gone, and that small pittance, which would have been a very slight recom T , pense to them, will now perhaps be lost to their relations, or will pass to those by whom the deceased never intended that it should be received. We hope there will not soon be any war to admit of prize-money, but if there should be one, w e would call the attention of the Government of England and of India to the distribution of the prize-money, which is so une qual as to hold out no encouragement to the men to enter the army and navy, and encounter the perils of warfare. The pub lic are much alive to the punishments in the navy and army, and the commission have recommended to the Government to hold out encouragement of every kind to get good men into the ser vice, and thus dispense with corporal punishments altogether. General orders have been issued by the Horse Guards, making some parade of encouragement to the privates, but, if examined, these will be found very inadequate. We are enabled to give, for the satisfaction of the numerous inquirers, a copy of the or ders issued in India on the 26th of April. 1836, for the distri. bution of the Rangoon prize -money. It will be se e n thP: t a private soldier and a seaman are to receive only 2J- shares, whilst a colonel is to receive 900, a flag offl°; :r t o rece i ve 4,500, and the commander-in-chief 14,000 --fourteen thousand shares ! Is that right? There is no. want of officers ; then why give them such large porkus of the prize -money, whilst the private soldiers, whom you wish to encourage, get a pit tance scarcely worth taking? This is a matter of serious consilaraCon for the Govern ment ; we call their attention to it. (Extract from the Calcutta Courier, dated April 27.) RANGOON PRIZE MONEY. We have been favoured with the following table and scale of distribution of the Rangoon prize-money, the uncertainty at tending which is at length to find its termination, and the troops employed in that arduous warfare to receive the mites that revert to them. Schedule of Classification of the different grades in the Mili tary and Naval Services, with the number of Shares of Prize. money assigned to the former on ordinary occasions, and the rates of war batta received by the latter FIRST CLASS —Commander-in-chief, flag officers, and gene ral officers. SECOND CLASS.—Colonels, lieutenant-colonels, post cap tain.s, majors, commanders, captains (naval), masters.' TIIIRD CLASS.—Captains of the army, captains of marines, lieutenants (naval), pursers, surgeons (naval), surgeons, chap lain (naval), commanders of pilot vessels and of divisions of gun-boats and others, receiving from 400 to 600 rupees per month ; engineer (one), receiving a monthly allowance of 350 rupees per month. _ _ . FOURTH CLASS.—Lieutenants, ensigns, and quartermasters, lieutenants or marines, quartermasters of marines, boatswains and gunners, assistant surgeons (naval), assistant surgeons, carpenters, second masters ; mates, schoolmasters, master's mates, volunteers, commanders of pilot vessels and others re ceiving 200 rupees v6r month, commanders of transports em ployed onshore. Cuss.—Midshipmen, captains' clerks, clerks (naval) conductors, apothecaries, &c. ; subadar majors, subadars, rue saldars, and woordee majors, jemadars, russaldars, &c. ; sub conductors and staff sergeants, Ist class ; sergeants of ma rines, sergeants (military), staff sergeants, 2d class ; petty offi cers, Ist and second classes; havildars and drum and trumpet majors ; mates, gunners, carpenters and others, receiving from 50 to 100 rupees per month. SIXTH CLASS.—Quarter gunners, seamen, marines, and soldiers. First 1 Second ' Third I Fourth' Fifth Sixth Class. Class. Class. I Class. Class. Class. Bengal Troops Madras Troops , 1 47 132 : 33 4 Cr 2 19,721 Naval Troops i 2 37 145 103 118 2,500 Ditto Marine force, ' from Bengal 1 . 2 63 213 4, 1 20 i 8 432 1,761 Two at ! 14,000 Six at 44.71:3 PROBABLE AMOUNT OF SHARES IN THE AVA PRIZE DISTRIBUTION. Shares each. Commander-in-Chief General and Flag Officers 4,500 Field Officers and Captains in the Navy Captains and Officers of corresponding rank l3O Subalterns and ditto 5O Warrant Officers and ditto 3O Soldiers and Seamen . 2A * This Officer sharina. with Captains in the Na v y i s a t var i ance with the King's Warrant.a THE BISHOP OF EXETER. (From the Falmouth Packet.) During the recent progress of Bishop Phillpotts through this county, a circumstance occurred at St. Ives, which has occasioned a very strong sensation in that town, exhibiting a fresh display of the vacillatory character of this Protean theologist and politician. It seems that the curacy of that town has for the last three years been served by the Rev. J. Malkin, a gentleman of highly respectable character, and who has discharged the duties of his situation with much credit to himself and satisfaction to the followers of the Church. But, notwithstanding the general propriety of his conduct, secret slander worked its loathsome course, in the shape of a private charge to the Bishop ; and on Mr. Malt-1 proceeding to meet the Rev. Prelate, as was his duty.: at Lelant, his Lordship told him he had some serious, el , ', rges to make against him, and of these a most irrei-or`,,ant one was, that he, the curate, was In the " habit tri: attending a conventicle." To this t'ile curate replied that he had not been to a convent3cle for the last two years. His Lordship then sai , ..l he had been informed that his wife and fe:inily went to these places. The curate rejoined that lie could not dictate to his wife, nor prevent her attend ing occasionally a methodist meeting, if she telt inclined so to do. Dr. Phillpotts then expressed himself to this effect : —" If you cannot command your wife and family, Sir, not to visit such places, you are not fit to be a Minister of the Establishment." The curate thus publicly addressed by his diocesan, with the honest indignation of a liberal and con scientious mind, said, " My Lord, I received this gown from your Lordship's hands, and I now return it to you without a blemish." The affair, as we sai( l . before, has caused considerable excitement at St. he!, where the in habitants have subscribed for a handsorae piece of plate, of the value of 45 guineas, to the curate ; and a deputation, consisting of four respectable Parsons from the town, waited upon the Bishop with an adareos signed by several hun dred persons, praying that Mr. Malkin might be restored to their church. The Bishop received them in his courtier like manner, but refused the prayer of their petition. The whole business has since been submitted to Lord John Russell, where it at present rests. There are many more particulars connected with the affair, which we for bear at present from going into, till we are further in formed, and until the result. of the application to the Home Secretary is known. In the meantime we cannot help calling the recollection of our readers to the fact, that Dr. Phillpotts on his last visit to this county, in his charge, publicly invited the Methodists to commune with the Church, to unite their flocks, and become parts and parcels of one religious union. And now this consistent Prelate tells a Minister of the Establishment he is unfit for his office, if, under any circumstance, he allows a member of his family to visit a Methodist Meeting ! We really think the good Bishop has in this case outdone himself. Can he possibly forget his ad captanduin charge to the Methodists at his last visitation ? Does he suppose them so ie:,.aorant as a body that they cou ld b e so eas il y ca j o l e d b y absurd invitation ? or that they can now look with i':idifference on his present virulent hatred and opposition to them ? We have formed a wrong estimate of the r s eneral character of the Wesleyan Methodists, if they 1 1 . - 0 not view with amuse ment the deceptive invitation bf the Bishop of Exeter on his last visit, and with scorn and indignation, the insulting tergiversation, with which, on his present advent, he has abjured the slightest communication with their chapels, and has visited with a heavy penalty one of his clergy, for permitting his wife co nscientiously to receive comfort and instruction at the hands of their body. W, have heard and read the glaring inconsistencies and contra dictions of Bishop Phillpotts, usque ad nauseum, so muc h so, that we are rejoiced his transit through this county is over ; and we trust, for the credit of the establishment, for the cause of religion, and for the honour of publi c charac ter, that this may be his last visit. We t rus t t h at w h en the period comes ro und for the next episcopal administra tion in Cornwall, Dr. Phillpotts, may have been translated, and our county spared another absurd exhibition of his ver satility. Of his talents and private qualities we say no thing l • but viewing him as a p o li t i c i an i n Parliament, and a prelate in his provinc e , we pronounce him the most nar row-minded Statesman, and the most unsteady theologian, that ever put on the lawn, and the most unpopular Bishop that has visited this diocese for the last century. We shall revert to this affair at St. Ives, and furni s h oti readers with a more detailed statement of the facts, at an early opportunity. In proof of the rapid is m a ki ng i n th Vale -olf P r ' - gress which the iron trade law! w as bro g e h • '..;lyde, especially since the black two hundred u - t1 ".. + .0 play, we have to mention that about lonrrin- • • ..cres of ironstone on the Airdrie estate , be • to the Right lion. Sir William Alexander, was lately let on a nineteen years' lease, at 12,050/. a year, or an option in favour of the landlord, at a certain price per calcined ton. The lease is to five respectable iron-masters in that neigilhoprhood.—Glasgow Herald. The accounts from La Guayra to the 11th of August state that the Executive authorities had received on the Gth a despatch from the Government of New Gre nada, expressing a strong desire for another meeting of Plenipotentiaries of the three States, either at Caraccas, Cuito, or Bogota, for a division of the Colombian Debt, SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS, We expected much from the Poor Law Amendment • Act; but we certainly did not expect that it would in so short a time, as that during which it has been in operation, produce such astmiishing results as 'lava taken place n herever unions have been form , cd. ha character of the agricultural population has hen so much improved, by restoring them to the itulgpendenco of which they bad gradually been deprived under tl - N abuses of the old system, that altcady theyy e 'pear quite a new race. The connection between ir.depend 3 / 4 cnce and virtue which had been remarked so early as the days of Homer is equally evident in our time, The sullen refractory paupers of 01_:r agricultural dish tricts have become cheerful nit?, prudent labourers, We have perused with the utmost satisfaction a pamphlet full of very instr.uctive details resp#cting the workin g of the new law in Kent, by Edward Hughes, of Smer,th-hill-house, Kent. Vice-Chair man of the East Ashford Union, just published, under the title of " A Compendium of the Ope ration's of the Pour Law Amendment Act, with 'seine Practical Oliservation s on its Present Results and Future Apparent Usefulness." Mr. Hughes commences with a very ingenious account of the doubts he at first entertained as to the possibility of overcoming some of the obstacles to carrying the new law into execution. He was, however, not only an intelligent but an honest man, and he put his shoul der fairly to the wheel, determined to give his best aid to the work. In his own and all the other 'unions in East Kent, one of the most pauperised di.e:tricts in the kingdom, there is but one opinion amon g all the well informed classes as to the beneficial results. It has been significantly hinted to the fauners by the Times, that they must not suppose their landlords will allow them to reap the whole benefit of the reduced poor rp.tes. It was never intended that they should mono polize all the benefit. In not a few cases, we fear, the farmers even gained, for a time at least, by the scan dalous system of deriving part of the wages of their labourers from rates towards which those who paid a fair market price for their urn labourers c ontributed as well as themselves. But it would be a poor argument against an improverner.t, that it cannot be effected without benefiting only one party. The money ex pended on idle paupers is now expended on industrious labourers; am.% as labour creates additional property, all are there'oy benefited. The following extract from a dialogue between the landlord and farmer on this head, given by Mr. Hughes, reminds us somewhat of the Giles Joherheads of Cobbett " Landlord—You and I have gone on pretty smoothly together, and I trust we shall continue to do so. I have been thinking that we should bot:n of us partake of the benefit of this change. Ido no' s wish to be hard upon you, as you know, but I hope yr,u will agree to pay me now one of the two fifty pound.. s a year I took off during the time things were so desr,erately bad with us all. Tenant—Why, 'Sir, I heard this question argued the other day ; my neighbour Mr. C. said, that although the saving appeared very large in amount, that he did not con sider it was all gold that glittered,' for although the men looked out for work a good deal more than they used to do, yet that they must all live, and that their pay still came front farmers. " Landlord—Well, suppose that to be the case, now they get work on their farms performed for their money ; before the work done on the road was worth next to nothing to them. " Tenant—But, Sir, he made out that we farmers would have more to pay out of our pockets ; but I thought I should like to tell you about it, Sir ; and therefore 1 took it down. " Landlord—Well, let me hear how did tie make it out? Ido not know. " Tenant—He said, before the law was altered, we had thirty paupers on the books, and that wr_: had but fifteen now ; but as there were fifteen less paupers, there were just so many more to work ; and as tl'.ey were all paid from the pocket of the farmer, this came to more money than the charge of keeping them withor,t work. " Landlord—Well, it may possibly be as he says ; but suppose it is, the farmer gets land better cultivated, and will, in all probability, gro'. more corn from it ; this, if ju diciously done, ought to Tray him well. " Tenant (drawing at paper from his pocket)—Mr. C. made it out in this r,rp 4 . There arc 15 men 'Arore to employ, he said, at 52 weeks. Its. per week s £9 0 0 Say for 52 cc eA s the amount is Then he r' , ckoned 2s. a week more for the chil dren of Pact► family 78 0 0 Making A ar.Lwbael: of two days in a month for illness '.nd bad weather.. 44 11 5 £5Ol 8 7 Now, Sir, if we take the saving of poor's.rate at 300 0 0 It leaves us more to pay every year " I cannot make out how this is to be done ; for 'twas almost impossible to pay the poor's-rate before, and now we seem to have a good deal more to pay ; 'tis a kind of co nundrunz to me how it's to be done. " Landlord : It appears to me that the statement cannot be much wrong, as we all agree that it must be right to em ploy the men ; but the improved culture should doubly pay the difference. I trust this and the price will enable you to give me the little increase of rent." One of the most baneful of the results of the abuses of the old Poor-law was the destruction of that most invaluable class of men, the small farmers. A great deal of nonsense has often been uttered by men igno rant of agriculture of the disadvantages of large farms with reference to production. The truth, we believe, lies in general the other way. But the small farmer had not a fair trial under the old Poor-law. He was compelled to pay in the shape of rates part of the wages of his rich neighbours ; so that his expenses were unjustly increased. But people ignorant of agriculture have twaddled about small farmers ; we fear political economists, on the other hand, in their admiration of an increased net produce, have not sufficiently es timated the benefit which morality derives from the existence of a class of small farmers. They are in ge neral models of industry and order, for they tnu strug gle hard to keep their footing. "My experience (I hope based upon rigid impartiality)," says Mr. Hughes, 4 , has for upwards of thirty years uniformly led me to believe that there is no class of persons M the country who work and fare ha-..der than the littlefarmer ; not only lees he rise up early, take little rest, and eat the bread of carefulness, but necessity obliges him to abridge himself from th ose indulgences enjoyed by the worktueu." It is not only of importance that the labourer should have the prospect opened to him of being able to enjoy independence at last by investing his savings on a small farm ; but these small farmers are examples and puides to the labourers around them, and a useful link in the social chain. What can the rich know of the habits and ways of thinking of men so differently circumstanced from themselves as the com mon labourers ? Mr. Hughes, with a feeling highlycre ditable to him, observes, ""I have imagined for some time past, and frequently expressed it, that these alterations and improvements will eventually create another grade in society ; a grade of peasants above the paupers ; this, would stimulate a man to value reputation, and prize it even to veneration. " We were lately conversing with a most intelligent g entleman, who had much struck, on a visit to orthumberl n d and Berwickshire, with the superiority of the agriculture, compared with that of the South of England, The farmer, he observed, was a great manufactnrer of food, and every operation was conducted with, the economy a manufact ur i ng g i e n however, ha s it s and the arrangement observable a-l e i t t her all th e resu l ts o f t h e establishment. Every adv drawback. We question wh experiment are yet perceptible. The present race of labo, - re rs in these highly -improved di str i cts st i ll reta i l* litany of the virtues of their fathers. It is difficult to i magin e, however, that the impossibility of employing their little savings in any other way than in emigrating to our colonies will not in time undermine the virtue of the labourers. It is always beneficial that there should be the means of employing beneficially small as well as large capitals ; but in these districts there is no employment for such small capitals as an industrious labourer can save. But to return to East Kent and its Unions. The first Union of which the parti culars are detailed by Mr. Hughes is that of Sheppev. The saving here is a fraction over 25i per cent. Mr. Chambers, the Chairman, in an swer to an application from Mr. Hughes, states that " for several years I have not known the labourers so generally employed as at this time ; I am n.ot aware of one able-bodied man of good character be;.ng out of employ, The inmates of the house are toir THE SU - N, LONDON, WEDNESDAY OCTOBER 1836.