The Sun. — London, England, 1826-10-05 00:00:00

r A.,A )N... 74„,,.4 1 P- > *. ... - i 't, '..t P . 1 1 u 4 FR r 4 ,.. II , § t?l, '.' -:,41, - " 1' .4.77ifift yaltrwil c ivicry .(t6iti - • ; ~,t'v 7.t41` 's BRITISH TNSTITUTION, PALL MALL. THE GALLERY c o n tin ues open, with the COLLECTION of PICTURES from CARLTON PA- . LACE, which HIS MAJESTY has been graciously plesiect to allow the Directors to Exhibit, • Admittance (from Ten till. Six), Is.—Catalogue, llc WILLIAM BARNARD, Keeper. ' - VETERINARY COI,LEGE. MR. COLEMAN will htigln his LECTURES on the ANATOMY, - PHYSIOLOGY, and PATHO LOGY of tin, HORSE, and on the general Functions and Dis eakies of OXRN, SHEEP, DOGS, and other ANIMALS, on MONDAY the 13th of November, at Eleven o'Clock. THE REV. WILLIAM HETHERINGTON'S CHARITY to the BLIND; .established 1774: CHRIST'S HOSPITAL, LONDON. Whereas the above-ninied Gentleman, in hie Life-time, en abled the Governors of this. Hospital to pay Annuities of 10/. to each of Fifty Blind Persons, in the Hope that his Example would be billowed by other benevolent Characters, the Governors give this public Notice, 'that from the very munificent additions made to Mr. Hetfierington's original Fund, by Deed of Gift, and by IVill, they are now enabled to extend the Annuity to upwards of 500 Persons. The Governors give this public Notice, that from the 7th Oc tober to the 3d of NoVemberi in every Year, they are ready to issue from the Counting-houiw of idle Hospital, upon the perso nal 'Application of a Friend,* Petitions for any blind Persons duly qualified. The leading Qualifications are stated hereunder ; and (inlets . • the Parties can respectively preye themselves strictly within them, the applications in their behalf will be entirely fruitless. Birth and Residence in England, to the exclusion of Wales and Berwick-upon-Tweed. - Age, Fifty Years, and upwards, Residence ; Three Years in their present Abode ; and total Blindness during that period. Income, it any, must be under 20/. per annum. Those who have ever begged, received Alms, or are deenied objects for Parish Relief; are excluded from the benefit of .these Charities, which are intended '' for those who have been repu tably brought up, and who want some addition to what they have, to make life more emnfintahle under the misfortune of Blindness." ' TI OMA S WILBY, Clerk. From the great extent of thiS Charity, it is finuid , cable to attend to Letter.. 4. QT. KATHERINE DOCKS.-Notice is hereby given, that the Directors of the St. K a th er in e D ock Com panOvill be ready, on TVESDAY, the 14th day of NoVember :taerit; ,at, One orloelr, to receive Proposals from such' Person* at may be willing to contract: .for the several Works to be done in vpostruct ing the Warehouses and Vaults round the Western Dock; sea ; deo in building ,the Boundary Wall to inclose. the whole of the intended Area for the Docks and Buildings, according to such terms and condition's as shall he prescribed by, the Dock Com pany, and in conforMity with the 'drawings, plans, sections, and specifications of the same, which may. be now inspected at the Office of the Architect to the Dock Company, No. 1, Little Tower la; any (Iv (sundays excepted).. The Contractors will be required to enter into proper security for the due performance of their engagements, and no tender will be noticed unless the parties . making the same, or Softie person duly authorised in his or their behalf; shall be in attendance on the day and at the time appointed. The tenders to be marked outside " Tender for Buildings and 'Works," and to be delivered to the Secretary, at the Dock-office, before One &Clock - on the day panted, and the Directors will not .consider themselves necessarily bound to accept the lowest tender. Katherine Dock-office, JOHN HALL, See. No. 27, Austin-friars, act. 4; 1826. THE LAST WEEK HUT ONE. SIX' OF £BO,OOO ! WEDNESDAY; 18th THIS MONTH. 1 - and J. SIVEWRIGHT , C ontractors for this tri • Last of all Lotteries, beg to remind the Public, that that only Opportunity that will ever be offered to gain au Independent Venom , for a few Pounds; is now before them. The Scheme COll - a greater Number of Capitals of Sterling Magnitude, than was ever known before, being-- PRIZES OF £BO,OOO. No Blanks! Every Ticket a Prise! forming the unequalled aggregat e o f 380,0001. ! All in One Day! WEDNESDAY, IBth This Month, then All Lotteries Eud for Ever ! Tickets and Shares are selling by .1. and J. SIVEWRIGHT, Contractors, No. 37, Cornhill; 11, Holborn ; and 38, Hay market ; who shared and sold 12;478, a Prize of 5,8123, 21,055/.—and in the last Lottery, 1,783, 21,0901.-- 3,925, 91,000/. ! ------ . This Day is published ,in 1 vol. 12mo. price 7s. in boards, the Fourth Edition of PATRIA RCHAL TIMES ; or the Land .of Canaan : in Seven Books. Founded on the Holy Scrip ' By Mks O'KEEFFE. Printed for C. and J, Rivington, St. Paul's Churrl)-yartl, Waterloo-p lace , Pall-Mall. This day was published, A tietv Edition (of nearly 800 pages, in one vol. tivo., price Ss. with a Portrait of the Author),of , t A GUIDE TO HEALTH ; or, ADVICE to BOTH SEXES, in a Variety D. y S. SOLOMON, M. of Complaints. In this useful publication will be found a D treatise on female 7, 44 *(1, ' nervous, hypochondriac, and consumptive complaints; t ue Imptorni, mode of treatment, anti remedies in the different stages of the venereal disease; cautions to young persons of the l Gan ger of improper connexion s on improper treatment, & c., wit h I !' difference . between th e venereal symptoms, and those frequently n " a mett for them - also advice to bathers at Bath,Bnitenr ve Pton, Scarbroi; ' Harrogate, &c.' Soutli lidNervous and Hypochondriac Complaints are ' much more pre r:era in Europe than is generally imagined, a tt en d e d w i t h man y ii Ti c in g sympuns, whichcertainly olaim assistance and prompt at ' he tender female, though by nature destined to be the Pre tionesr:n.the human race, is yet liable to many natur indisposi-, W h ol : 4 'hich often render her condition truly wretched ; a nd those under ve resided in hot cliMates, and are emaciated, or labour i _ nos a continual drain of nature, whereby their bodily strength .„ monly-eihiusted, but also their vigour and vivacity impaired, "rill tat witha friendly monitor in this small, though important publication. The design of this work is likewise to w arn into *d e l us i ve and destructive hail' youth from falling stroys the health and spirit. of ? t hat fsaoinates the senses, de feeble and inactive fur life. ta votaries, and renders them 1 ,,,* Upwards of 1 10,000 copier harm li g. sotemon's Guide to Health," as certifte:under4l: been sold of must bee hands of the printers:.--a number so uneommonly large best otlf'ethe public. tenon of the merit of the work and of the approba,iot Sold by Mr. Johnson, 68, Combat ; Mr. a nd Co.), 150, Oxford-street; Mr. Ward, S a n g er Hoib e ,,, , (}ate Ike" • Ale. henry Mackeill, ss, Whitechapel, London •• and all Bookseller*. "411.1&5p!.................-.—.:___ ' ,- ....--------..................„.______ - - -------- ...... During the solemnity of a recent burial at 11/I"..."7iddle ton, in Lan cas hi re , a fine robin-red-breast was observ ' ed to fly about the church, and occasionally to perch near the communion table. The plaintive songster seem e d at first much alarmed by the crowd, but when the choristers commenced singin g the funeral anthem, poor robin lifted up his voice most melodiously. There are no less than sixty-five coaches which daily run from Mary-le:bone to the Bank ; each coach kakes four, and some of them five journeys each day, 'ild are licensed to carry thirteen ioassengers. ItPwards of there thousand individual s m y b e COH- Thus, ;eyed d a il y f rom the West End t o the Cit a y, an d re 'urn the same day. , Detween Monday and Tuesday at mid-di v , ten gams loaded with grain arrived at the Broornielaw. ioadn Thursday, a Dutch galliot direct from Rotterdam, the sas h vpli beans and peas, and oats, was towed up 4 e ij e t° Renfrew, by the Hercules steam-b oa t,. w i ll _. 4 good-looking vessel, dravvs ten feet water, and i t is v:rry about 180 tons. As the tides are making, to .4 pected that she will reach the Broomielaw quay di re :7i This will be the first vessel that has arrived the rani the Continent at this quay with grain, since on e ,,;._ 4. - "ing of the ports.--Glasgow Chronicle. tiara. (. ) No. 10,030. ~~ `9' .... ~, .. PRICE ID. rutursil I d Aif • • L Ur, t)t,IOI3IPP 11).h. 1 0), submitted to by other countries; ,and this period arrived when first our American Colonies, began to feel their strength. " If the proceedings of the Government of this country, (says Ileakisson): after the peace of 1763, be closely examined, we eta find that many of the causes which ten years afterwards led to the unfortunate rapture with our Colonies, may be traced to our unreasonable a tt empts to imilOrce, i n their moat rigid and exclusive application; our Colonial and Navigatiou System. Every complaint, every petition, every remonstrance, against the oppressive . tenden c y and vexatious consequences of that system, `on the part o f th e i n h a bi tants of New England—every temperate effort made by them to obtain some slight relaxation of her tram-_ me's, that shackled their disposition to engage in Commercial enterprize,--were only met on the part of the British Goveru ment, by a constant succession of new laws, enforcing still snore restrictive - regulations, framed in a vita of still more vexatious interference. One instance of the elutracter of that legislation will be sufficient ; and I give it as a slight specimen of the Coin menial jealousy which prevailed in our Collodi, in reference both to the Colonic.* and to Ireland. I —p; 10. The instance given ,by Mr. Huskissomie -eery striking: A ship front our American possessions, laden with their produce,- W:11, stranded on the,coast of Ireland. It naturally he sup posed that th e cargo was lauded and the chip repaired in that country; no such thing, the law compelled the owners to send another _English ship from .England fur the purpose of bringing away the:cargo : ----a'cargo, which riot improbably, might then he wanted in • the. Irish market, and.which was perhaps, destined to be ultimately consumed there, afterhaviug been trans-shipped in a port of that country, landed in '• an English port, and again reshipped to Ireland. This is a sample of the real grievances under which'our American Colonies laboured."—p. 11. • After the establishment of peace between this Country and America, the Government of the United States turned against us the saint system which we bad enforced against the Colonies and the rest. of the world. But the Americans went more boldly te work, and far exceeded us hi the policy of restrictions. "It was resolved in the g.ineral Cougrew io 1.;•8:, this all forsign ships trading to kutetica, should pay half which oat siterwsrds raised ix, a &Air, per rot, stin t . beyond what %; , 40 , h aiil lee ustionsi Adis; and, Mrther; tinst goats imported it, Mreilgo donild pay a ditty of- Its Per •cont., over and above what was demand able., oa the. Nam e description of goods imported 45 A Oteciean vessela.......p. 14. ' '• V!ti,Jpue plans were proposed in this country, in -the imps of counteracting the designs of the American Government, but all without russet. After a 'wig struggle, we, found ourselves at last obliged mo s t reluctantly, to adopt the syatem of reciprocity. This we adopted, 'ea the . only wise and safe policy, in the year Isl having liar above twenty year:; made a full trial of the opposite cotirse,--that of trying to counteract their restrictions, and pre serving our own. The printiPle 'of reciprocity is " equality of all charges upon the ships belonging to either country ih the rota ottheotlier ; and alike equality of duty upon all articles, the pro 'thaetion the one country imported into the other, whether such importation be made in the chips of the one or the other." In this place it will be convenient to mention another important alteration, of our ,system, which was necessary in consequence of the conduct of the Americans towards our West India Coloniesses4 site ration, it is to be observed,vuade long bilfeTeistiyisf those ;messily introduced:by Mr. Iluskislion, which are the subject of the peti tion in question. After the peace with' America had been concluded, the English Government allowed its West Indian Colonies to trade directly with the United States iu British shipping. This it permitted, from a regard as well to the interest of the mother country, as for the welfare of the Colonies. But the Government of America would not permit a trade to be carried on, in which only British shipping was to he employed; end entirely prohibited the exportation, in British ships, of all articles fur the me of our . Colonies. In order to avert the threatened inconvenieoc e , and at the same time to avoid - any positive alteration of our navigation laws, the British Government had recourse to another expedient. A sort-of open mart or fair was established, at some halfway plaee between the Coast of America and the Nest Indies, to which the ships of the United States came, and whim the respecti ve p ar ti es interchanged commodities. But the Government of the United States, again interfered, and prohibited their ships from this trade. After' a sUspension of intercourse had continued fur some time, Parliament, in the year 1822, passed an Act, by which American ships were allowed to trade directly between the United States and our-Colonies in the West Indies and North America.p. 50. This is another striking instance, in which, after an ineffectual struggle of above 90 years to maintain the system of our navigation laws in its ancient tiger, we found ourselves 'under the necessity of making an alteration, front a regard to the joint interest of this country and her Coloniee. The English Government acted towards Ireland in the same spirit of commercial jealousy as towards the American Colonies. This policy was as dangerous to this country as it was illiberal and oppressive to the sister kingdom., But the Irish would not tamely bear loch a grievance for ever; they did what every people of any spirit must be expected to do. At the moment when Eng land was in danger, while we were deep in the contest with Americus, they seized the opportunity to assert and maintain their just rights, which had been so long withheld from them. " Ire land refused any• longer to bold her industry 'and trade subject to our system of exclusion. ,To the Parlietneut and volunteer. of Ireland we had to capitulate. If the capitulation was mortifying to the pride of Enghutd, fortunately it neither compromised our honour, nor involved any concession beyond what, was strictly a debt of justice to Ireland. The benefits of our commercial am . _ navigation system were, extended to her. r' She was permitted to trade direct to our colonies, and placed Father wpm the footjpg of of a partner than that of a dependant, in the concerns of a Britiah Empire." —_p. 12. " Another alteration in our navigation system, in favour of rellind,' has been recently adopted, which' certainly ought not to have been ao long delayed, Thi s a lt era ti on consist s i n putt i ng the trade between. (rent Britain and Ireland oprin the footing of a coasting trade. Every one must perceive that from the time at least of the union of the two countries, it was desirable that their inte rests and commercial system should be identified as touch as Pos sible. From ,that period it was absurd to consider the commercial intercourse with Ireland as a part of our foreign trade, and to sub act the shipping employed in it t o th e res t r i ct i ve regulations and gher charges of that trade. "_p. go, " These were not the only deviations from the ancient rules of our navigation system. The revolutions which have occurred in the political,state of the world, in our time, have rendered other changes indispensable. There has grown up Over the continent of America, a situation of affairs similar to that which the United States presented after their separation from the mother country. This change, from a colonial to an independent existence, neces sarily draws after it, in each particular case, the applk:ation of the in 1808, the house of new rule , which: unavoidably grew out of the independence of the United States. The first application of that rule occurred in re spect Great Britain had no choice but to Brazil. From the moment when, Braganze tranaferred the, eeat, of empire to Brazil, that country virtually ceased to be a c olony- Great otot B ap rim ply n :ki t e ho E u u g r it ep o e u a t n oif wl E nc u i rio )l v es e !Q ap tb d e tr u merpe and navig ation ports, upon the admit Portuguese ship ping, and' since the separation of Portugal and Brasil, Brazilian ahipping, coining from that country into our same footing as the ships of any other independent nati on , Thi,, principle has been extended, from time to time, as new States have risen up in America." —P. 28 * 1 4nwitc and in the end must: have proved ineffectual. c)f T t h h e is State, n o e u ti try. A different line of policy would have been ll i h n:i d n is er po. ica oeillwripnegoinhiimpperincigal, szrii;ei,mbpyosgrainsact,einrg. te w axi e ci : e usres a i n i ri i ac o lt u liv s onea to utagu e p n o c o o n u tot rag hteh e sthi t ri l p i manifested by the Aiiiiistils of those States shim wily frequently in the course of the discussion which took ~.1 , reeca between them and the English Qavernment. In there views we have not ae ,the other . quiescea ; nor, on other hand, 'have we comnronliselfallY of the acknowledged prin c i p l es of mar i t i me law, %di e we have explicitly refused to li s t en ' tp an y such emn prorni e e, we have 'disarmed all suspicion, b y f rank l y d ec l ar i ng, that we so ug ht no exc lusive advantages for Britialt ships or British trade, and that th e principle of our intercourse with the New Stateit ) ' Its with the Old States, would be that of a fair and equal recirrocity,_ p 111, H av ing traced the alterations iP our navigation lysie' I fit re 'u , . , America, 1 .'.. sun the governments on Ate (mu cohtlnculs "ot America, let us now consider' what has been the line of policy adopted by this country towards Prussia and the Northern 141ari time States. In 1829 the Prussian Government, by an order of the Cabinet, increased its port charges on vessels belonging to coun tries between which and Prussia no reciprocity bad been #l-- treaties, and which did not treat Prussian ship and their ear goes as advantageously as their own. This port charge was im posed professedly fur the encouragement of their home shipping, and front a regard to the interest of the ship owners, who were in a deplorable state, in fact, almost ruined. It was doubtless also intended as a measure of retaliation, for the difference of im port duty charged in this country bet Ween goods arriving in Bri tish and foreigu vessels. Prussia bad previously made arrange ments with Holland, Denmark, and America, for establishing such a reciprocity, and the object of the new regulation was, to in duce England toenter into similar arrange' ments.lf the order of the Cabinet had been carried into effect, it must necessarily have opa rated to the great prejudice Of our ship-owners, and must ulti mately have had the effect of driving from the Prussian ports all the carrying trade then in the possession of British vessels. Iu this state of things the English Government immediately commu nicated on the subject with the Prus s i an Mi n i ster i n t hi s country. "'I myself," said Mr. Huskieson, " bad a conference with the Prussian Minister at this court, anti I well recollect the substance of his reply to me You have,' said he, set us the example, by your port' and light . eharges, and by your discriminating du ties on Prussian ships ; and we have not gone f ar beyond the li mits of that example. ' Hitherto we have 'Confined the increase of our port and tonnage chrges to ships only ; but it is the in tention of my Govermnent next year (end of this he /hewed the written proof) to, imitate you still amore closely, by innumiug dis criminating dutieS on 'the goods imported in your ships. Our ob ject is a jitsrprotection to our own navigation, and so long as the measure of our protection dues not exceed that which is afl'orded in your ports to British ships, We cannot see with what reason you can complain.' Against such a reply," coutiuued Mr. IluS s kisson, " what 'remonstrance could we in fairness make to the Prussian Government. The result was, that England agreed to an amicable negociation with the' Prussian Government, upon the principle of our treaty with the United States, and similar con ventions, for similar reasons, were entered into with Denmark sod Sweden."--p. 36-43. We might have addressed ourselves, it may be said by some. to the friendh feelings of that goveretneet ;- -sip might b o o, pleaded long n,age in support of cur discriminat ing anti", ; inicthi'llsve urged the mak swages v. hich Prussis derived from be r 11'111, WI( • Appeals like those were tint 6. , getetiiii ti r air, t,ssiun ; bin they, were of little avail agsimu d. 1'3,1 ststeil by the Prussia', Cousttl—that " the Pressisit .hip °worts were 311 going to p. 43. , Will it be said, that it was our duty to re taliate by increasing our own port charges? In other words, were we to adopt a system of commercial hostility, which, if acted upon ou both sides, would have ended. in reciprocal prohibition? Such conrsC would have beee most impolitic in every point Of viewi , The reasoni ng o f Mr. ilinikisson upon this subject, appears to b e perfectly satistSetory and unanswerable. It will he mate conve- , nient to give the substance of his arguments in the n-inch. England has freely granted to the free Hanseatic Towns of Hamburgh, Bremen, anti Lubeck, what had been hefitre coin; mtmicated to the rest of the world. Surely 110 man Of sense or feeling will blame the English Government for 'not *dotting against those little States restrictions, which hail been relaxed in all other instances, and which those States themselves, if so dispos ed, miglktiltavc easily count erac t e d. tiremustanges; which haVe led to these alterations, it will be remembered, have riot been of our seeking. It was our first wish, as it was our interest, to keep in our hands as much ae pos. sihle of the traffic on the sea, and to raise our own shipping while we kept down that of other states. Immediately that Anierica, became independent, site turned our system against us. For a long course of years we refused to relax, and endeavoured to counteract her designs. We made the experiment fully; end with a perseverance truly English, tried the question, whether reci procity of privation und prohibition is better or worse than reci procity Of interest and advantage. Thu result was sueli as might have been expected. lteeiprocity of gain was proved to be pre ferable to reciprocity of loss. America having. led the way, other powers followed the smote course oil the earliest opportunity. —Thus, in truth, the arrangements, which have been made, may lie said to he the necessary result of the present condition o f Europe. " li, my opinion," said Mr. Iluskisson, " the wisest policy for this country was to leave the question at rest as long as possible, This' wait the policnairsued, until the matter was taken up, net by us, but by the United States of America, and in succession by other Powers.. In that state of things, and after the arrangements which we entered into with those Powers, acting upon the neces sity of the case, I felt that it would be better to make Mir laws square with our practice; better as one general rule,--,first, to tender, to all nations, alike and indiscriminately, equal facilities of commerce and navigation, and equal inducement* to visit the ports of this country with their merchandiie, either ler our owp consumption, or in the way of transit (entrept) to other parts of the world :—secondly, to aboliali all discriminating dutieit affect. ing differently the like productions of foreign countries, and, in lieu thereof, to establish one uniform tariff for the whole :,,,,.and thirdly, to reduce that tariff to the lowest degree, Colleillteta, its each particular article, with the two legitimate objects of all duties—either the collection of the necessary public revenue, or the protection requisite for the maintemusce of our own internal industry. These are the principles, according to which our new book of rates has been formed, And the consolidation of ottr in numerable, and; in many instances, inconsistent and contradictor. laws of customs been etleeted."—p : 49. " I n all cases il l which exclusion is within mu. reaeli,--in this coasting trade—in the Wm-lee —in the trade between this cont. try and our foreign possessions--a strict pionetioly is still retained for the Pritisli ship-owner. This is maintained and enformd, not for his special advantage, but for the public interest. It is the duty, hoWever, as it boa been ever the policy, of the Govern. meat to secure to the ship-owner every legitimate protection in the trade of this country with other Maritime Countries. But ii Any brand, of that trade should be interfered with, either hy new regulations,in those countries, or by the establishllt44 of territo ries, which Were once Cotonies, into an inAependent State, how ever the circumstances Islay he regretted Cs affecting our . ancina navigation 'mein, it may not be in the power of the LtlositaMent to overlye those eiretunitances. In such a state of Ilihigs, our policy %nit be, at th e s ame ti me t h at we r%ain tie moch as p os • sible the important principles of that system, to adapt it t o t h e change of our situation , azul to th e alt ere d situation m which WP stand - With reference to nit parties with which we have to p. 55. _ .„ " After this statement of the ailviations which have been made in our system of navigation laws, it will be convenient now to ad vert to the specific' grounds of complaint set forth in the petition. Some of them involve matters of fact, and are therefore capable of being determined with certainty. Others relate to questions of policy, and depend upon general reasoning, it the principled of gond sense. hash of these shall be taken in order, .. . ' ° First, the Petitioners' complain that Our shipping interest has been, an d i s a t this time; in a rapid state of decline. As to this complaint, let us e*nnine into facts, In 1792, one of the most prosperous ! years the cotintry 'has ever known, .—.the year imme diately preceding the breaking out of that war, in which we were called upon to make such immense efforts to maintain osr naval superlwity,-,the number of registimi shipe in the several parts of the ,British Empire was 10,079; the amount of their tonnage 1,540,145 tons. lit the present year, that is .to say, in the year ships way 24,174, and the. amount of their ' tonnage £ ,642,21 6 ending th e slst of December, 1826, t h e number of registered there has been, oince the condus;(l:4; tons; shewing an increase of one-third in the number of ship*, and' of two-fifths in the tonnage, , within that period. M the close of the last war, in 1815, the number of our registered yew, was 24,860, end the amount of their tonnage 1,68,1,276 ..„. s .. attribute it to t l A t t aP ,a l 7r l , l a ' t t l ie w e r s t :el f9 tSe re' h t t b o a u t r shipping of 68G vessels, d --- Qf tons.—p. 21. the point to be considered. 11te petitioners woldd e-- 1. /ears, la the alterations recently , :, The cause of this r i l i e l c a r d e e as i e n , state :00 'fact* in eupporsoof their allegatior. - sybteut ; but they for believing, that a very sinf i , Thre ia good rea ,„„ to be referred to thv alter a ti on , in iroportion of this decrease t in twin that the .deam. %mai hav _ .question ; and it is almost (-tr.; n . re et. e been very considerably at '. if the ttn,c4slt reArictions imposed I, -t" ..: ~,-. ' / y the nay/aunts act ote A ue#n I still enlorqdi . 00,f:k6. N8::::::::,:vithi.a.:Ii iv a9,06:0 • " 1 s a pOtts l .eripg flue _taatase, we oluth t o t to !b ri m that the tittlia t iOn at this country in the return Of le general peace in 181 5, was in many respeets most materially altered, The commercial marine in the year 181!), rely far exceeded thelleillailli of the coun try ; and though no alteration whatever had been made in the navi gation laws, a derreate in the shipping was the natural conaec I tittence SPEECH ON THE NAVIGATION LAWS, • TO THE EDITOR OF THE . SUN. Sin—You cannot, I am persuaded, do a bet ter service to some of yourßeaders,than by making knoWn to them the very able Speech, delivered by Mr. Huskisson, in the cOurSe of the last Session, on the subject Of. the Navigation Laws. During the leisure of the autumn, such. information cannot fail of being acceptable to many, who might not, perhaps, be in the humou r t o a t ten d to i t at a more bustseason. The subject itself is of the greatest importance. Few can be mentioned, of a political nature, which involve so deeply the best interests of the country. The state of our Navi gation Laws affects, in the first instanee, a large body of men, who invest their capital in ships; through. the ship owners, it touches the merchants, a more numerous body, who elpploy them as the carriers of their goods; through the merchants it extends to the internal trade of the min , try, and thence it speeds to the consumers, who form the 'great mass of the population. Thus, either first oriast, it eOmprehends within its influence, all classes of the com munity.' TO consider the subject in another point of view— on board of the trading ships is the commercial marine; and this constitutes the seminary for the navy,of England. With the . deeline of the shipping interest, therefore„,the security and safety of the nation itself must be endaii;. gored ! Mr. luskisson's speech was delivered on the occasion of a petition, presented on behalf of a body .of ship-owners, who complained that the shipping interest was in a state of decay. They alleged, that our shipping had for some time been rapidly declining ; that the employment of Bri tish ships had decreased, . while that . of foreign vessels trading with this country had increased; these erects thew attributed to' the alterations recently made in . our sys tem of Navigation Laws. But what the -petitioners principally eoMplamed of, is the pol% in tin- tox,, int dutiefg oli the 400 d, ,aud :11ippio g of slid, z. tigrfde fo inipOWA no higher eh w a s upon Hiiiish snit their earitoei. With a visa io remove tlic impre— siOn which such a petitioo, from such gusrter, was cal culated to produce, and to lay before the public a clear exposition of the present state of our system, Mr. Huskis- Son delivered the speech aboVe mentioned. The country is indebted to him for thiS statement, and the information which he has communicated ought to be generally known. 'His speech is distinguished by his usual good sense and disCriminating judgment. It shows great observation and 'very extensive practical knowledge, and is highly valuable also from the statesnum-like views with which it 'abounds. In one species of merit, this performance, as a composi tion, is defective, it is not well arranged. Some of the topics and arguments are out or theirproinir place; ,and it is to be feared, that many who heard the speech delivered, could not fully appreciate its excellence, After stating the several questions, which would nun, rallY arise from the subject matter of the petition,,Mr.Htis7 kisson proce e d s t o cOnsitliVi the Origin and progress of our navigation syitem. " The great charter of the navigation system or thi, country," he says, ." is the act of the 12th of Charles 11. The different modes which that act provided for the encouragenient of shipping, may be arranged under the five folloWing heads:--First, the Fisheries. Me ocean is a common field, alike open to all the people of the earth. Its producti ons bel ong to no particular nation. It was therefore our interest to take care, that so much of those productions as might be wanted for the consumption of Great Britain, should lie e.relusively procured by British industry, and imported in British ships." —p. 7. " The second object: which the Navigation Laws had in view, was to give to the shipping of this country employ ment in what is called the Coasting Trade. When those, laws were' passed,' that trade was confined to England only. But since we haVe become legislative:, united with Scot-, land and Ireland, it has embraced the whole of the British Islands."Hp: 8. ," The third object of our navigation system, was the European trade. The rule laid down in regard, to this trade was, that the ships of the other States of Europe were to be at liberty to bring, from any. part of Europe, any articles of European production, with the ex ception of certain articles, since known in trade ',Yule name of the enumerated articles. They amount in number to 28, and include those commoditiei, which; being of the most bulky nature, employ the greatest quantity of shipping.— With respect to these enumerated articles, the exception was this—that they should not be brought to our ports in any other than British ships, or Ships of the, country in which they were produced, proceeding directly from such country to this. This was the general state of the law, in respect to European commerce, from the time of its enact ment, in the•l2th of Chas. 11. down to a recent period. Its provisions,' however, ,were more rigorous and exdusiii towards Holland and the Low Countries. The regulations of that period' were not framed merely for the preservation, and encouragement' of our own commerce, but also to weaken the pOWerful marine of Holland. Guided ,by this policy, our ancesto rs a ppli e d more severe measures towards the Dutch, than they thought necessary towards any other nation. In this Spirit it was, that. they prohibited the its portation,generelly, of the productions of the other Coun tries of Europe' from ifolland; instead of confining that prohibition to the 28 'enumerated artielea."-4. 9. " The fourth object of our Navigation , System was to regulate our commerce"ibith Asia, 4frica, and .thnerica,....:. The rule'of our laW on this head was, that no article, the produce of either of these three 3uarters of the Gl o b e , shoukl be allowed to be brought into an English port, ex cept ship."--p. o9f, J. " The in a Britishfithe systepi of our Navigation The Laws related to our Colonies. The prin c ipl es on which h lastip we acted towards those Colonies MS strictly to confine them, in all matters of trade, to an intercourse with th e Mother Country. They were not allowed to dispose Of any of their produce otherwise than by sending it in Bri tish vessels to this country. They were equally restricted from receiving any articles necessary for their consump tion IL 9.1 except from this country and In British vessels."-. Charter of our Navigation The has been called) was System (as the statute of Chas. 1 1. ial marine ; and this principal object of this Char to create and ciaintain a great Con m4 nifekly, for the of upholding purpose ma rune and the Navy of England. lobjein . ct view, The / gislature had also :mower. . from Commercial though of lest imp° , ent other nations of the world. rears clear, that, rtance, to prel . o f thereat the National engrossing too larq e a portion of the navigation .statute . was extremely trictive lual exclusive. Englun w ished • , a s to have a monopoly, to gain for herself, and to reta i n, much as possible or the navigation and trade of the world .....- would In this , we did no more than every other country the policy of this wish to do. But let us not be so sweak as to flatter our . e eltirs, that such a n exclusive system could continue for vli The period -i n which the syst em w a s estashed/ was one peculiarly favourable. The leading nations bli of the jeal ous of ships or trade; such Continent were no t th en things were di sregar d ed as beneath monarchy'. Our policy was not opp o s e d or cou nteracted and, with the advantages of a long peis ee ' , produced gratin, the notice of a great ally very considerable effect. From that. tim e we advanced in manufactures and conMler!::P, anti eYen oketstrippAti or neighbours of I-1011and and the 'Netherlan, The success of this policy continued uninterrupted for a early a century. But in the progress of the world, a tim e was soo o when such a restrictive system would not; bepat i e n t l y 4 1, \ . 3' 4r Ski ' '7l -••- 4 . --. 1 .94 _,,,,,_, ~,*, 5.,! , \ • ..,..,,st,, i4t i., ~ , :-„.5. . , ~., ~, _ • ,7:14„..,,,,,,,, t, ~ „ c ":"' ~ 'At A i ,A, • •,,. t i. . a ., , ..,.....: . 4, ~ 4--- - - 1 ‘ eio ..-- IV ---4 , tdiVit..i.' 't • **if Make the extant of our eiim atmeilial marina following :—ln the beyond what wee requisite, ;I a). -"r to bethe commerce of the world first place, on th e reetoration of ). 'eaee, t h e ~, „, u . tan nations vrere began to revert to its ancient chan "mu, 1 ," g. ”V_ _ shins. eva, desirous of carryingun their own to 1 stee in their ow" ar il - _...a, also gave a check to the shipping of the Itoited States, uor i ' secondly, the abolition o felt by the shipping of this country. S. s . h) rams for our the slitie trade put an end to one sources o. in 11115, exam:sive 11101 . 1, ~ 1., kidnappmg t st been before employed in the nefarious traffic 01 ..... chan .e took sleet* for the West Indian markets. ' Thirdly, a firer. ' vessels On the Coast of Africa ; those vese e j a , '..suction of place in the Metliterraneim sea, in consequence of the e 1 ‘ hi, the that piratical warfare, which had hem so Jong carried us. 4 aer. , States of Barbary.. Formerly,' no trading vessels of the .114. aa. e i nP Y t which had rowan States could enpear off the masts of their native sea in mirky ; and the coasting and carrying trade , Was emit-a on b English ships. But, now, *ince the bombardment of Algiers, the flag of every petty state bordering on the 'Mediterranean, floats to ; freely and securely:as our own. 'There.' is good auth or i ty f or esti mating the decrease in the employment of British shipping-, from this change alone,'lmetweenaleven 'out] eight hundred British vessels. Fourthly, on the termination of hostilities, there was necessarily a diminished demand 'for ships in the public service. The greateet proportion of those,' which had been taken up as lured trausporte, was discharged. This diminution •is not lees than 1,2116 vestals, amounting to MA..2 torn, p. 16-19. These are some of the causes.; Which, on the return of pence, would lessen the demand of Bri , t , cemmercial marine. and unavoidably produce a great d ecrees . i u t h e ii S l e i : l l: P dl P y i , nri' The Petitioners complain„ that in consequence sf the alteration made in the navigation laws within the last three or four years, the employment of British shipping has &Tressed, aid statement the employm en t o f f ore i gn vessels trading with this country has increased. Thi s , lik e t h e f ormer, is best answered by a state of fists.. Iu the year ending on the etith December, 19;11, the euinher of _British vesseli that entered inwards, was 19,16 e, toad the amount of their tonnage 2,364,249 tons. The nutittaki of ibreip t vessels that entered inwards ditrinE,... the same year, was Zi.,940, the amount of their Mintage 6945680 tons. Its the year ending on 9.sthDecember, ISO, a year, in Which the motlitica tituis made in Our navigation laws were in full operation, the number of British vessels that elitertil inwards, sous •21,766 ; the /moment of their tonnage 9,70ti,84•1 toes. The lonelier of .tiwelyn Vessels 'during the sank! )ear, that entered inwards, bats Mentor() to ti;b6l,.and . the mown of their tonnage is 892,C01 toile. ' Thus it appears that she positive inereuee of !trio's/. vessels, that entered inwards, as compared with dui year ISX4, was in number 2,622, and iii :tonnage -te9,595 ; while the increase offiweign venele, was in number 1,1181, and in tonnage. 197,7,21 tons. 'Phis at least is no unsatisfactory result. The increased employment of &Welt shipping alone in that you, exceed s the aggregate increase of employment to the 'pippins of all other nations' of the worlil."---p. 93. The last, insl erissaia.il esessekisil mist.. hy the Peiisionese daiesimo the 1;,, ersembie ;. tie' Seirodeetioss of a l aw w hi eheeahiee ~ .'rats". sVi fit I liA , I kicil ii' the Priv, I :,ii,,,•ji. so ~ , ,,ir ill (lit. iiiii.,,i, l swim, ,i, di. ? ,,,,,it ~,,, 11 iiiiii14, , of 5,,, 1, i4iiiii,io. as iiii.y . 1 4-rre to linpust , Ili higiii, , 1,, ;,., ite iliiti;, , oillithO lititimiL ships, 411V1 the goods imported tlici-io. 11...1, op.o the', ot, s 44.. and the like .A.4.dr imported ii. such .I.ipt. Th. orottcc. girsi.LN Mr. Iluskis son to this part of the Petitisse, is full of spirit; sod unite conclusive. A mict-t,th onlyof his reasoning is 'here attempted. . If the system ottliscrintinattuo. ditties for the enceintigenteut of slapping, were u secret known to w,;, country idoue ; ' if a similar system were not, or could not be . pat i n fo rce i n ee ary ' o o m• country, the measure it; question would 1 .. t admit of defence. Bet since the L'isiteil States o f A mer i ca, h i the end blatancy, fur the purpose of connteracting Our navigation l aws , tultqh in their utmost rigour, the' rules of those laws, anti carried, eve', fu r th er than we had ever done, this priliciple of discriminating cite;,, against our shipping, and since' Other Maims hew hallowed, te., prohi are follewing their example; in such an altered state of the syit t i d, it became our duty seriously to inquire, whether a system . of Cow _ mercial hostility, of which the ultimate tendency is rel litusi duties upon f b o i r t e io ig n iT e sh w il l l4 etli l e v r i . th a t s t r i s e te i t t l i t or o ail Iti.iegrlttaindtiyserintine::iog a' '. fully retaliat e d upon our own shippint seeing throw d ut i es in the ports of foreigu Wil l ett Liglanit was likely to gitin, uad countries, was a co n t es t i u out of which, if P ersevere d i n, eke was likely t o none with dignity or advantage? " I will 154 amide," said Air, H oi d a i a ,,, , .a t o r the numment, every c Ol*kration of a higher "attire, mural or political, which would "eaturally lead us to look with some repug nance to tit* cokaging in such a contest. I will equally, lay aside 11l eetroddieration for the intereit ()four manufacturers, and for the general well-being of our population, who, as cOnstinters, would obviously have to p a y fo r this systoM of eustout,house warfare. and reciprocal restrictio n ; and 1 will view the tetestion solely Ist reference to the 'hipping interest. In dna comparatively narrow, but, I admit, not unimpurteut, view of the 'question, I have 11111 dittienitk in stating my coneletiott,-4 conviction at which I LSO* arrived lifter worth anxious consideration, —that, in the louren, this war of di scr i m i nating duties, if persevered its g on both sides, Must Operate must ttsthe injury of the country which, at the time of entering upon it, !!assesse s the greatest commercial marine. How eau it be otherwise? What are these discriminatiug duties. but a tax upon commerce and nevigation? ; Will not th e h eav i est share of that tax fail, therefore, upon those' Who have the greatest *maw of shipping and of trade ?".„..p. 32. ‘, Before we eniburk iu sucha contest, we ovve to the charec-.. ter of the country,. as wellan to he interests, to satisfy ourselves, lino, that it is neeessary for its welfere; and, eeeontlly., ttit ono* commoitted.to the trial with all the commercial Powers of Europe. the country would have the fi rmness and fortitude meoeseary- to go through with it. Du tint let gentlemen too hastily detide thie last point in the utFirmatiVe. Let them call to their - recollecti on t h at 'famous Orders in Council ;. let them, a b ove all, 'bear iu mind„ 'that we have yet had but one 'trial of this discriminating wartioaa, the trial with the (Mittel States o f A me ri ee, and that we mos,' out of thet trial, after several years''perseverance, by e mtoe di ug .the very object, ii3l. the InititliSilanee of wilidt it had bee n . . ,: tving at the sante starriest on. Would, it be politic, or dignified , to engage i i like struggle in Europe, with the risk of ar result : ? .. Bs commerce, in navigation, in oo w power, and init.. e ,or not Withholding from Pi ritinte pretensions ) tbst. Un i t ed fitat i".S am our most formidable eta and the country, eto plum e to America i"---p. 33. , r u irm a l a ; d and we I,Alo,holt•tarir,eaitgl:nl however suppose that, it all hazards, Mayo, eonourred in yieldite is .-- " Let us for a ume, ierit, We have embarke,', in this warfare of counteracting, eistiee. They policy have no; right to mums. that, iu th e i "vrt° g r Z in i :"( l e i l e 3dtilis struggle, time diecritninuting duties imposed in the foreign eouutry, (Prussia, for exuniple) on British whipping; will not be, at least, equivalent to the like duties levied its England on possess shipping. The United States did not ceutent them selves with equivideney,—they went more boldly to work ;O.- at, *tight any European power. Ifequivelent dutiea be established on both aides, how will they Operetta? It is Ow that the shiopillg at: each country will loam) in the mote relative situation to that of diss s Other, as if no such duties had been imposed; the defies, therefore. In both countries will bee tax, a n d a very objectiouable one, upon formerr p rinc ipal expo rts wel:lptl:rdtse t arl the in the interchange of their' respective, productions. But, as those. productions are di ff erent, these duties will affect di ff erently t h e i t ,. tol du t s i tr o y th o e f r tl r i a e w eo m nt a e t n e d r i i t a ig h. pa rT ti thse . North of Europe are nurtures:Owed goods and colonial I'droduce; 4—our imports, timber, hemp, fl ax, pitch, tar (oecasior.ally corn) the foreign country,—the latter in this countrY)--by all the amount of the tax. What is this in the foreign ,Country, but a premium against bur manufacture. in favour of the rival to of other statee, or of the itnporting state itself; and in this countty, but a tax upon raw materials requisite for carrying " our own manufactures? A 1 : , 5 ... snip, tor instance, is 11 manufactereil article,' and, to encourage our shipping, here is an udditional tax upon the raw materials of that manufecture t Our eotton goods. our woollen stuffs, barely maintain a ccrepetitiou with those of other countries, end here is nn additieinal [WC tin their importa ra tiott into t h ose countries, to tu 'the' ' scale against us; Our West India planters complain be the law price of their Pmalic": tinny, and we provoke ...,, „ddi t i mi ut Oa, which kettle to Shoe them Altogether out 1 or ,e. f o reign ' i snarket!—li. 0.5. t . i Acting upon Oleo principles, the Engli s h . Governm ent thought 0... ii' more Prud• - Sit and more tlignifted'to inter into aat i l l !ca t hl: st il i t rsa t, meats vii oth er pewere, - founded the h on ..asis of tr u n k I_ l4 a t cola.. of advantages, rather than e . hi i 4 nd r , ntire reciprocity ul reciprocal exclusion ;--a *poem, seat of commercial host ilityti ' t i o l the :;hipping' !Worm;---involvin g at hest, of doehtfill ilup l , to all the other important interests of the certainty of greet would, at last, . place Pit - haute:it end the the country ; , an d % %Italia; alternative, either 4 turnin g ; deaf ear Government in t : mi. ' i e )f i the many who would suffer train the contest, to the cotor --- . it, act other contests of a like nature haveheto or of ternsinating omion bringing with it slot only immediate terminated. by cone t rwts w.tci .h 'ration, hut other eonseipte , , sin li•t nut end with t he huini ) . PIULA,LETIMS. . tionvesaion itselt. ArFAnt 01? noNoun !—Mr. s h o p ooto , to m r . C—c, and Mr. shopman to Mr. F-- 7 -11, both of this town, with their seconds and medical at tendants, met in Earl Behnore's deer-park on Friday morning. The ground being measured, and even , preparation made, a friend slept forward, and the mat ter was easily and amicably adjusted, without