The Sun. — London, England, 1864-12-13 00:00:00

Speech of General Cialdini. The following is a literal translation of the full report of the speech of Gen. Cialdini, published in the Turin official Gazette : " It is with the greatest hesitation that I rise to speak, gentlemen, on the project of law now under discussion, not only from the respect with which the senate inspires me, but because this is the first time of my addressing this grave assembly, to which must also be added the importance of the question itself and the great and deserved authority of the Oppo. sition, in whose ranks I see excellent and most diem tinguished men whose talents, character, and ante. cedents I highly honour and esteem. Sach coned. derations ought, perhaps, to arrest the words on my lips, and condemn me to silence, if my position as a soldier and a citizen, my titles of General and Sena tor, did not seem to impose on me the duty of ex. pressing,without arrogance,but with a firm and clear conviction, my opinion upon a bill of such great im• portanee, and which seems fated to exercise the greatest influence on the destinies of the country. As the hon. senator Mamiani well said in his speech of elegant and enviable eloquence, this question, - which for nearly three months has been the theme of the European press, been discussed at length in the other House of Parliament, and now debated for several days here, may be considered as completely exhausted. It becomes, therefore, very difficult, if not impossible, to speak of it without falling into a continual repetition of what has been already said and written,and such repetitions are to be eschewed as useless. Nevertheless, if my memory does not be• tray me, in reading all that has been written on this grave argument, I have vainly sought a clear and logical exposition of the military ideas which in my opinion, more than any other consideration of a political or administrative order, counsel the trans. for of the capital, even independently of the Convene tion of the 15th of Sept. This omission encourages, determines me to speak ; not that I can hope to fill it completely and usefully, but because I may at least attempt to do so without incurring the risk of the dreaded repetitions. As a soldier, intrusted with a great command in the national army, from the duties of my position, habits of study, love of my country, and I confess, from an instinct of respone sibility, I have necessarily had to take the defence of the State into serious consideration. From the beginning of 1862, after my return from Naples, I have constantly reflected that we have an enemy permanently established in our country, intrenched in one of the most formidable military positions known. The:enemy is powerful from the strength of his armies, his vigorous organisation, his antique traditions. There is no truce, no transaction with him possible, so long as he has a foot in Italy. War is therefore inevitable sooner or later, and war, per haps, is only a question of opportunity both for him and us. Oa the other hand, I reflected that we have a fortunate and most useful alliance, but, perhaps, a conditional and transitory one, because due to the policy set forth by a great monarch, who may one day or another disappear from the scene of the world. Heaven avert such a misfortune! but we must think of it, precisely because it would be a great misfortune. If the Emperor of the French, I continued to think, were to die, ho would leave the French outposts on the Mount Cennis, at Sospello, Scarena, and Turbia, all positions illustrated by the Piedmontese arms, and which the history of Savoy recalls with just pride, positions all of which we lost by the cession of Nice and Savoy, and by the demar cation of our new frontier towards France, if on the death of the Emperor there ensued a change of policy inFrance,if there were a return to that policy traditionally hostile to the idea of the resurrection and unity of Italy, which even the Republican Governments of Lamartino and Cavaignac main• tained against us, if our friend became an enemy, to what risks would not Turin, capital of the King dom, be exposed ? If, at the same time, Austria, profiting by the altered circumstances, were sud denly to attack us, what terrible dangers, what tree mendous embarrassments, would not threaten Italy ? Why do we not think seriously, why do we not labour diligently, to create a new system of general defence of the State, apt to protect it against these different, perhaps distant, but possible eventuali ties; apt to ward off a disaster, a surprise, a coali. tion,or an European reaction ? The wise do not shut their eyes to danger and await it unprepared. Cowards only refuse to see it, and are dismayed. Political and military wisdom consists in calmly scanning its extent, considering the remedy, and providing it. Such disturbing thoughts haunted me, gentlemen, in my occupations and my daily walks, Such disturbing thoughts frequently troubled my sleep at night. In this disposition of mind and soil I received a letter from the Ministry of War, inviting me and several Generals to report our views concerning a project of defence against Austria, concerning tetes•de•ponts to be constructed hece or there, this or that city to be fortified, and so forth. I answered these various questions in detail, but then, observing that this project was incomplete, transitory, end restricted, while, according to me, a wide, general, and permanent system was indispen sably necessary, I added some considerations of my own, which, by a singular coincidence, are neither foreign nor inapposite to the present discussion. The Senate will allow me to communicate these, remarking that I wrote and forwarded them to the Ministry of War on the 4th of June, 1862, when:the Convention of the 15th of September was not—could not be foreseen, when I could not be suspected of over deference to the Minghetti Ministry, or of cowardly servility to France. This is what I said to the Ministry, beyond answering the special questions : " The moment seems to me come for preparing the great ' changes which the political eventualities to which we are exposed must entail in our general system of defence of the State. We are now allied with France and in permanent hostility toAustria. The death of the Emperor, the Eastern question, that of Rome, or any other whatsoever, may one day completely reverse existing alliances, and smooth down ancient enmities, creating new views, combinations, lute rests, and sympathies both of peoples and governments. By some strange accident we might to-morrow find our selves the allies of Austria and the enemies of France (I do not admit the hypothesis as possible, but in considering the general system of defence of the State, even the most remote possibilities must be taken into account). Besides, the transfer of the the capital would be henceforth a military, if it were not even convenient politically. It is a question of time. The cession of Nice and Savoy, the new demarca tion of our frontiers towards France, do not allow the capi tal of the kingdom to be any longer at Turin, on which 200,000 French may descend by different roads in a few marches. The capital of Italy, if not Rome, ought certainly to be Florence or Naples. It seems to me, therefore, that our general system of defence of the State foreseeing a pos sible change of alliances, and a speedy removal of the capi tal, ought henceforth to embrace these most serious contin gencies, and prepare us for the necessary transition. The defence of the State can no longer he considered from thii Piedmontese point of view exclusively modelled on the ideas of Buonaparre, who, starting from France to conquer Italy, was in a position diametrically opposed to ours. We accept the precise conditions under which tho Romans lived, and militarily speaking, Italy must be regarded from the point of view of that warlike people—that is to say, completely reversing the actual system. The ca pital, the depots, the reserves, the magazines, the factories the arsenals, the resources of every sort should be in that part of thepeninsula which lies in the midst of the sea. Turning our backs on Southern Italy, we should fix our eyes on the circle of the Alps, from which alone can descend the enemies of Italy, whether German or of any uther nation. The Lombard and Piedmontese plains may still be the scene of great battles ag a i ns t th e i nvaders, without renouncing be forehand the defence which. the double slope of the Apen nines offers to whoever has skill and de termination to profit by it. On this general idea, which I have barely touched, I would fain see discussed, planned out, and established a wide system of defence of the State, answering to the wants both of to-day and to-morrow, and embracing all contingencie s , the present and the future, th e near and the remote. Far fro m this, I only see narrow scheme s , h ardly sufficing for the po litical and military conditions in which the country actually is, sufficing only while the Empe ror of the French lives, while France is our ally, while Austria is our enemy, and has a footing in Italy, while Turin is the Italian capital,'lcc. As I said, I wrote this to the Ministry on the 4th of June, 1662. Two years and a half have gone by since, and the lapse of time, far from weakening, has only strengthened my conviction. I do not pre.. tend to turn the Senate into a conference of Ge nerals, or a council of war, nor to submit to its ex amination and judgment a general system of de fence of the State, such as 1 see and feel ought to exist. But I would fain demonstrate and make the Senate comprehend how and why a good general system of defence of the State exacts by implication in my opinion the removal of the capital beyond the Apennines. As the ideas and considerations on which this system rests are of the greatest clear. ness and simplicity, as they do not require speoial knowledge nor technical language to be understood, as every senator, doubtless, has the general struc ture and configuration of our country impressed on his mind, as love for it and its interests are engraved his heart, I hope to be easily followed in my retie soning. Italy, gentlemen, has two-thirds and more of her frontier washed by the sea. The other third is joined to the continent by the circle of the Alps. In a sublime contrast at the foot of these gigantic and snowy Alps stretch out the vast and fertile plains of Lombardy and Piedmont. The Appe, nines, as if weary of the Mediterranean, bend back and cross over to the Adriatic, forming a great cur tain, an immense towering curtain between the two seas, from Genoa to La Cattolica. After this rapid glance, let us reflect. In front of the Apennines you have the vast and beautiful valley of the Po, in which you find the Austrian encamped in his strong quadrilateral, end of which—l mean the valley of the Po—we can neither fortify nor defend the principal outlets, because they are not in our hands. The valley of the Po therefore shows us an enemy solidly established in a house which has its door open to whoever chooses to enter. Can it be pretended or desired that the capital of the kingdom should be in this valley of the Po ? On this point I remember that the honourable Farina said that he desired to cone serve the capital at Turin, that it might perpetually remain under the protection of the French empire. I have a great regard and esteem for the honourable Farina, and was therefore deeply grieved to hear from his lips a thought, an idea, so wounding to my sentiments as a soldier and a citizen. I see with regret that there is an abyss between me and the honourable Farina. I see that we are at the antipodes. He desires the capital of the Italian kingdom under the perpetual protection of the French empire. I desire to see it placed under the sole protection of our own bayonets, of Italian arms, and Italian valour. (Applause.) I beg pardon of the Senate, but at this moment I remember another point. Yesterday the honourable Farina quoted a sentence of Napoleon, taken from the memorial of St. Helena. I confess that I did not quite seize the sense of that phrase, that maxim, nor have I had time to refer to it to understand it perfectly. Its meaning, however, seemed to be that Florence was not sufficiently central to become the capital of Italy, I fully concur in that opinion, and exactly for that reason I desire and hope to go to Rome. But, gentlemen, if Florence is not central enough to be even the provisional capital of Italy, what shall be said of Turin ? Returning to the basis of my reasoning, I will tell you that behind the Apen nines you have, on the contrary, a territory sure rounded by the sea, and closed in by the Apenninee themselves, easy of defence, without an enemy, unless you choose to qualify as such the army about to be enlisted by the Court of Rome, which can never be of a force to excite serious apprehension. It seems to me, gentlemen, that a doubt is not permitted, that hesitation is not possible. Let us hasten to remove behind the Apen nines, not only the capital, but the arse nals,'.the depots, the reserves, all our resources, all our most vital interests ; then let the passes of the Appenines be put in a state of defence. From Genoa to La Cattolica the roads across them are only seven or eight. All these roads, gentlemen, offer gorges, defiles which are real Thermopylae, where a few earthworks, a few guns, and a hand ful of brave men can arrest a whole army. Let us erect some solid fortifications at La Cattolica to secure the flank, and then multiply as far as pos. sible the permanent and portable means of passing from one bank of the Po to the other, and thus pre pare the possibility of useful, rapid, and decisive manoeuvres. Whenever this general system of de fence of the State is accepted and carried out, the destinies of Italy can never depend upon the uncer tain issue of a battle. At our pleasure, and accord ing to circumstances, we can retire behind the Po and beyond the Apennines to await better days, or if it suits us, if we are in a position to fight, we may come down and try the fate of arms in the valley of the Po, The political action of the Government will acquire strength and power from the very solidity of our mili tary system ; whereas the want of a connected and strong military system does not allow our policy to take a bold flight, to follow a brave inspiration, without putting the State to the greatest peril, without compromising the country and the throne. As to my ideas concerning Venice, the means of penetrating the Quadrilateral, and of directing a new war against Austria, with regard to the trans• fer of the capital, I do not deem it prudent or opp3r. tune to explain them. As I already said, the Senate is not a council of war, and, besides, the Senators know that there are questions not to be treated of here nor made public. (Bravo.) A great mas ter, an extraordinary genius for war, dictated a maxim at St. Helena, a sentence which, illeinter preted or ill-applied, might one day become most injurious to our country. Napoleon said,.; The fate of Italy is decided on the Po,' and the honour- , able Ricotti invoked the precept in erudite and conscientious language, and the honourable Durando recalled it in his grand and profound speech. In order well to understand and to appre ciate at its just value the impart of that maxim we must first put ourselves in the point of view of him who wrote it; we must recollect what Italy was in his day. .Napoleon spoke as a master, but he spoke as a conqueror who twice came from France to snatch Italy from the Austrian domination. His maxim is everything for foreign armies, contending for the possession of Italy. And, in fact, let us reflect. Whence, from whet part, can foreign armies come down into Italy ? Only from the gorges of the Alps. What is the base of operations, what the possible line of retreat of these foreign armies ? Evidently the way by which they came, or an analogous and neighbouring one; at any rate one of the roads which cross the Alps. it is therefore clear that foreign armies entering Italy to contend for or seize dominion over her are neces. eerily tied down to the line of the Po, to guard their base of operations or to cover their line of retreat, till one of the two armies has been beaten by the other, till one has retired and yielded the field to the victor. In the Italy of those days there was no State with means and will to oppose a serious resistance to an army triumphant on the Po, which thus, after its victory, easily obtained the entire submission of all Italy. From this point of view there is no doubt that the maxim of Bona , parte is true and correct. The fate of Italy is decided on the Po when Italy is incapable of fight ing and defending herself ; when Italy, unarmed, unwarlike, cowardly, looks on inactively at the struggle of two foreign armies, to fall a victim to whichever of them is victorious on the Po—oh ! then, gentlemen, the precept of Bonaparte is just, the destinies of Italy decided on the Po. (Bravo Very well.) But the campaign of Hannibal— the most memorable of ancient or modern times, because that great man first dared to brave obstacles not overcome before his day and held to be insuperable, because he first dared strike at the heart of the most power ful and warlike peop!e that ever existed—the cam paign of Hannibal, I say, gives the lie to that pre cept, too abinlute, too general, too exclusive. The battle of the Trebbia, won by Hannibal in the val ley of the Po, did not decide the Roman destinies. Hannibal won two other battles still more terrible and bloody, at Thrasymene and at Canr m, and Rome did not go down either then or after; on the contrary, Hannibal, the first captain in the world, was forced to retreat, was forced to abandon his enterprise. Gentlemen, I insist much, too much, perhaps, on this argument, because I should grieve, most deeply grieve, if a fatal error could prevail in Italian minds—if it were believed is Italy there is no defence, no safety out of the valley of the Po. Fortunately, great changes, great novelties, have occurred in Italy since that time. Passing over the electric telegraphs and railways which enrich the defence with extraordinary resources, I allude to points of far greater importance. Italy, inert for many centuries, with aspirations, s prun g with national tio up nal bg has ardour.ndin of the dead h as seen 300,000 soldiers, wit wT h hit e eh Oo llainf o ed ; forth from her cemeteries. (Bra vo .) 600cannon,start The land of the dead counts 200 battalions of mobi lized National Guards, and an infinite number of Volunteers, who in the hour of a supreme struggle would, I am sure, return to the side and the van guard of the army. (Applause.) The land of the dead possesses fortresses, entrenched camps, a re spectable fleet, and counts 22 millions of inhabitants forming a single State. There is more yet. Those Italians of whom it was said a few years ago," Ita lians do not fight"—those Italians have dared sevee ral not inglorious campaigns, both under the grey capotes of the soldiery and the red shirts of the vo lunteers. (Bravo.) And, by an evenhanded decree of Divine justice, those Italians who do not fight held prisoner in their hands the celebrated man, the illustrious General, who in an incomprehensible, inexplicable moment of ill humour, had flung that atrocious and undeserved insult in our teeth. (Ape plause.) All these novelties, all these changes, gene tlemen, constitute a material and moral force which deserves to be taken into serious consideration, and would certainly have been appreciated by the calculating genius of Bonaparte. If that eagle eye had seen thsecapital behind the Apennines, all the resources of a great State protected by a numerous and warlike army, by a people in whom national sentiment and military spirit had cast abundant and fertile seeds, oh, certainly he would have modified his sentence. But, gentlemen, by removing the capital to Florence,do we give up fighting on the Po Who ever said, ever thought such a thing? We shall still de scend into the valley of the Po whenever the march of the war requires it, whenever it is necessary for the defence of the State; but with this difference—that instead of turning our backs on the Alps we shall face them ; in case of a disaster, in case of a lost battle (which may happen to the best armies in the world), we shall not be pushed, pressed, hemmed in by the Alps, driven on the French frontier; we shall withdraw, instead, behind the Appenines, where we have a territory of 900 kilometres, defensible inch by inch, in which woods, hills, marshes alternate, in which there are no enemies entrenched, which is protected by the sea, and closed by the Apennines, in which the defence may be long, may become eternal. Some orators have expressed an idea that the transfer of the capital weakens the defence of the Po. The hon. President of the Council of Ministers answered very opportunely that the cabinet is not a com bative body, not a fortress, taking a direct part in the de fence. He observed that to remove the capital from the valley of the Po signifies to prepare the means of fighting and manoeuvring in it, without the embarrassment and responsibility of protecting an exposed capital close at hand. Gentlemen, affection for Turin and sorrow at seeing her dethroned have suggested strange ideas, singular com parisons, unexpected deductions. I have myself heard per sons of great judgment, great learning, and in every way to be respected, affirm that theApennin es and the Po are insig nificant obstacles ; on the contrary, the watercourses on the left of the Po are barriers of great importance. I have heard it said, as I hinted just now, that the presence of the capital en the Po strengthens itsdeience ; that the transfer weakens it, and °thee tanxims of the same kind, which I have al ready more or less answered by anticipation, with reluct ance, however, as they are arguments which really do not require a serious confutation. Gentlemen, let us speak plainly. I too have a heart which profoundly feels the bitternesses of political life, and can understand gteat affec tions and great sorrows. Heaven forbid, therefore, that a word, a single syllable should fall from my lips which should in any degree wound those affections, those sorrows which I fully comprehend and thoroughly respect. But when the security, the greatness, the future, the life of Italy are at stake, gentlemen, affection must be silent, the heart must not speak; logic alone, cold and inexorable, must reason. (Bravo! Very well I) An eye filled with tears does not see. (Well I) A heart wrung by profound pain has only sad provisions, mournful presentiments. A suffering brain is oppressed by black images, by sorrowful ideas. But are we, gentlemen, to pause dismayed by pre sentiments, previsions, fears? (Well I) Ob, if all the prophecies of misfortunes had been verified, what would have become of us, what would have become of Italy ? Let us take heart, and recognise that a secret force more quick sighted, stronger, more enlightened than we, guides Italy on a determined course ; let us acknowledge that the Italian revolution pursues its march, slow and pacific, but more irresistible than we could have imagined or desired, beyond the limits which we ourselves had imagined and traced out. (Well.) I deplore the injury to Turin as much as any one, as on the field of battle I have often wept over fallen soldiers and friends; but, not to lose soldiers and friends, ought we to renounce combats and victories ? (Applause.) Not to cause local injury or sorrows, shall we sacrifice the general interest, shall we sacrifice the public weal ? To Turin, seated at the foot of the Alps, at the extremity of the State, but a few miles from the French frontier, in the most eccentric conditions which can be laid down, I dis pute with pain, but with entire conviction, the title of a capital. As a duty of civic gratitude, with a feeling of infi nite reverence, I join with all Italians in proclaiming Turin the most deserving city of the Italian resurrection. (Bravo !) I have never forgotten a saying of the hon. Bet tino Ricasoli, and I always recall it, because it made a pro found impression on my mind, because it seemed to me dic tated by an exquisite sense of patriotism. Bettino Ricasoli said one day, The greatest good fortune, the greatest re compense to which a citizen can aspire, is that of rendering a signal service to his country.' That happy and sublime phrase of fimtino Ricaeoli may be appropriately applied not only to single citizens,. but to the cities, to the provinces of the kingdom. And this noble Turin will, doubtless, hence forth feel with patriotic pride that no city in the world can equal her in the measure of sacrifices to the country. (Bravo.) I therefore vote in favour of a prcject of law which removes the capital beyond the Apeunines—a necessity which I have felt and supported for a long time ; and I vote for it because especially and before all, I desire a country strongly and militarily constituted so as to defy foreign ambition and audacity. I vote for it because net until I see my country strong► shall I hope that she may live long, free, glorious, and independent, that she may assume that rank and influ ence in Europe which belong to her by geographical posi tion, by the nature and richness of her soil, by the number, temper, and genius of her inhabitants. As to the Conven tion of Sept. 15, no doubt, gentlemen, all that has been said for and against it :nakes it very difficult to find, at least for me, a formula which justifies the reasonableness of a deci sion, and is a conscientious explanation of the vote. The Convention seems to me to have become a question of faith; and you know, gentlemen, faith cannot always be reasoned with; can never be commanded—faith is felt and inspired. Nevertheless, I cannot but reflect that the Convention assurer me that the French troops will leave Rome, and this seems to me an infinite good; for I do not love foreign troops in Italy, however much they may be friends and allies. I hope the French sentiment will not be hurt by these words of mine, since I am thoroughly persuaded there is not a single Frenchman who could tolerate the presence of English or Russian troops in France. I vote for the Convention, because it seems to me to awake us from the lethargy into which we had sunk for two years, and to have a salutary effect in rousing the national sentiment. I vote for it because it sanctions, confirms, consecrates the thought and spirit which truly inspired the Italian resurrection by transplanting the capital and the dynasty into one of the annexed provinces. Before sitting down, allow me, gentle men, to toll you that this discussion as a whole leaves in my mind a serious and painful doubt. Rather than to allow, tolerate, encourage the rivalry of local Interests and conve nience, rather than to speak in favour of this or that city, of this or that province, might it not, perchance, be more useful, more opportune, more prudent, more noble always and exclusively to advocate general interests, to speak al ways and exclusively in the name of Italy? Rather than to deplore and grieve over the sacrifices necessary for the public weal, might it not, perchance, be better to encourage the country to endure them ? If from this solemn place, gentlemen, you tell the cities and provinces whence you come that the sacrifices asked are indispensable for the safety, the strength, the future of Italy, be snre,gentlemen, the people will believe you. If you tell them that liberty, independence, national unity are blessings for which too high a price can never be paid, the people will believe you. Tell them so, gentlemen, I implore you. The sehool of sacrifice ennobles great causes, retempers the:soul, and mag nifies the national character of peoples. (Well.) Prome theus could transform clay into men. Sacrifice alone changes men into heroes." (General and prolonged ap plause.) Ever since the beginning of the week it has been reported in Turin that the French Govern• meet had voluntarily extended the time assigned for the transfer of the capital. There does not apr pear to be the least foundation for the rumour, to which I refer, only because it has been very widely spread, and has obtained credit from many. The Loft of the Chamber of Deputies has sent an address to Cialdini expressive of the satisfaction they feel at the declarations contained in his speech. PATENT-OFFICE MUSEUM, SOUTH KENSINGTON. —Number of visitors for the week ending Dec. 10, 1,708. Total number since the opening of the museum free daily (12th May, 1858), 873,917. BREAKFAST BEVERAGE.—TIOMOnpathio practitioners, and the medical profession generally, recommend cocoa as being the most healthful of all beverages. When the doc trine of homoeopathy was first introduced into this country, there were to be obt:fined no preparations of cocoa either at tractive to the taste or acceptable to the stomach ; the nut was either supplied in the crude state, or so unskilfully manufactured as to obtain little notice. J. Epps, of London, Homoeopathic Chemist, was induced in the year 1833 to turn his attention to this subject, and at length succeeded, with the assistance of elaborate machinery, in being the first to produce an article pure in its composition, and so refined by the perfect trituration it receives in the process it passes through, as to be most acceptable to the delicate stomach. For general use Epps's Cocoa is distinguished as an invigo rating, grateful breakfast beverage, possessing a most deli cious aroma. Dr. Hassall, in his work, "Food and its Adulterations," says —" Cocoa contains a great variety of im portant nutritive principles —every ingredient necessary to the growth and sustenance of the body." Again: "As a nutritive, cocoa stands very much higher than either coffee or tea." Directions—Two teaspoonfuls of the powder in a breakfast cup, filled up with boiling water or milk. Secured in tin-lined alb., ilia., and 11b. labelled packets, and sold by all groOers, confectioners, and chemists.— [Aim.) THE SUN, LONDON', TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 13, 1864. ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE. MIDLAND CIRCUIT.—YORK, Dec. 12. (Before Mr. Justice Keating.) Alice Wilson was indicted for the wilful murder of her child, Thomas Wilson, aged 9 months. Mr Perronet Thomson and Mr Newton conducted the prosecution; Mr Campbell Foster, at the request of his Lordship, defended the prisoner. It appeared from the evidence that the prisoner was mar ried in 1857, and there were two children by the marriage; the eldest child died, but the youngest, a little girl of three years old, still survives. In 1862 her husband deserted her ; from that time till last March she was in service, when she returned to her mother's house at Booth, and gave birth to a male child. whose death forms the subject of the present inquiry. She afterwards went with her two children to the union workhouse, and then to the union at Beverley, where she remained until Friday, the 11th of November last,when she left the workhouse with the two children, who were both in good health, with the exception that the youngest was suffering from an eruption, by which it was subse quently identified. It appeared that the prisoner slept at South Cave on the Friday night, and on the Saturday morning she went with Wm. Robinson, the carrier, to How den. Soon after she had got into the cart a Mrs Gibson got in, in whose service the prisoner had been six years ago. The prisoner told her that she was going home to her mother's and that she intended getting hired at the statute hirings at Howden, and that she was going to put her children out to be nursed—whereon Mrs Gibson told her she would not be able to maintain them. She appeared at that time kind and affectionate to the child. , At a quar ter to 1, the cart having arrived at Howden, she got out and told the carrier she had no money, but she would go to her mother's, who lived at Howden, and get it (which was untrue, as her mother lives at Booth, which is two miles from Howden.) She was next seen by Mrs Dennis carry ing her youngest child and going towards Booth, who heard her talking to her children. Mrs Dennis noticed that the younger child had a gray hood on. She was seen next by Mary Barker, a little girl of 12 years old, at 3 o'clock, carrying a bundle on one arm and the elder child on the other arm. It seems, therefore, that between half-past 1 and 3 o'clock the child disappeared. Mary Barker accom panied her to her mother's house, but she found the door locked, and therefore sat down on the steps for a few mi nutes. The prisoner then wont to the house of her sister Maria Harrison, at half-past 3, who 'asked her where her youngest child was. The prisoner answered, t' the child was dead, that it had died on the Monday before, and was buried on the Wednesday, and that she had come out of the Beverley Union on the Friday. The prisoner got the key of the house from Maria Harrison. Her mother, who ,is a most respectable woman, and was greatly distressed while giving her evidence, returned home from work at half-past 6, and. hiding the prisoner, asked her where the other child was. In reply she said she had buried it. Her mother no ticed that there was a small bundle on the chair (which it was found contained all the clothes of a child,including the hood, and which were perfectly dry.) Her mother had to go out to market, and returned again at half-past 7 to tea, and having put her own children to bed, being alarmed at only seeing one child, she asked the prisoner when she had buried the other child. She answered " This week." Her mother then said, " Surely you have done nothing at the other." She answered, "I may as well tell you the truth; the child is in Sarah Ling's pigsty" (who occupies the next cottage to Ann Harrison, the prisoner's mother). The mother then said, "If it is in Sarah Ling's pigsty, fetch it out directly." She answered, " I can't ; I have buried it." The prisoner afterwards said she had dropped it into the well, The mother then inquired if it was still in the well. The prisoner then repeated that it was in the pig sty. The mother then said, If it had been in the well, you would never have got it out." There is a well about a yard from the pigsty, 23ft deep, with 20ft of water in it. The pri soner asked her mother to say nothing about it ; but the mother said she could not live in the house with the child there. The prisoner then said to her mother, "If you had had the same to do as I have had to do, you would have made an end of yourself, the other, and all." The prisoner after this made an attempt to get out of the house, and said she was ping to drown herself, but her mother locked the door and seat for the police, who searched the pigsty, and found the child buried about a foot below the surface in the pigsty, entirely naked, with the exception of a cloth round its head, The police had some difficulty in getting the child out, as it was most carefully buried and the soil was stamped down, with stones placed over it. The cloth over the child's head was damp, but the hair was dry. From the evidence of Dr Grieve it appeared that the deceased child met with its death from suffocation, and most probably by the process of drowning. And although there was no water in the lungs or stomach, as people generally might expect, yet that would be easily accounted for, if the child's head was held under water and had no opportunity of breathing from its first submersion. Mr C. Foster contended that the child met its death by accidental suffocation while being carried by the prisoner. The jury, after three hours' deliberation, found tho pri. soner Guilty, but recommended her to mercy. Sentence of death was passed in the usual form. OXFORD CIRCUIT.—WORCESTER, Dec. 12, Mr Justice Byles opened the Corarnission, and attended divine service here this afternoon, The county calendar contains the names of 27 prisoners, whose offences are comprised in the following cases :—Mur der, 2; manelaugtaei, 2, az mon, 2; hurZlaly, 3 , uulawful wounding, 2 ; robbery with violence, 2 ; larceny from tho person, 1 ; perjury, 2; forgery, 1 ; larceny, 2 ; damaging a house by throwing gunpowder therein, 1; doing grievous bodily harm by throwing hot water, 1, The city calendar contains the names of four prisoners, of whom one is charged with receiving btolen property know ingly, two with coinage offences, and one with falsifying the books of a gas company with intent to defraud. POLICE INTELLIGENCE.---Dec. 12. MANSION-HOUSE.—A well dressed man, who gave the name of John Parnell, and describ e d hi mse lf as a sur place, Wolverhampton, was beforeia- Mr Alderman Phillip s , charged with bigamy. vbreoyuogrhrtesinapinogn atremVaincdtor lair Frederick Buckle, solicitor, of Eastcheap, conducted the prosecution. 3", one day l as t wee k , at t h e William Smith, a city detective officer, proved that on th of er Pa h r i n s ei n i anae was not , and declined t t co a o k aa i s g e xw t ee h hr e a n p a i e s q, o u n he e es r t gave o n a nv t into a c ts u h s et t o o n d : ee StubLer. On the way to the Bow -lane Police-station the prisoner asked where ho should be tried. The reply was first at this court, and eventually, if he should be com mitted, at the Central Criminal Court. At the station he was formally charged by Mr Green, a member of the Coal Exchange,with having married Elizabeth Green, his sister, his wife being then alive. He was asked where his first wife was, and ho refused to answer. He afterwards in quired what the punishment was for such a crime. Witness replied that it would depend on circumstances—from a month's imprisonment upwards. The prisoner said he thought it was penal servitude, and asked if " the wife" would be called to give evidence, to which wit ness rep li e d thot he did not know. in Glocester-st ree t, Queen square,hadknown the prisoner since J a n., 1861. 11 r s E deposed. C Hew h a c s es thatm t e henan she residing introduced to her at her house by his aunt, Mrs Winter, His father was then with him. He re • mained in London until May, and she saw him very fre quently in the interim. She went to Ireland on a visit in May, 1861, with the prisoner's father and his aunt, and the prisoner himself. His wife was with him. She went by the name of Fanny, and she hed been a Miss Flood. Wit ness was on a visit to his mother's, and they ware all living under the same roof. He then went by the name of Millard, and she knew him by no other.sisfather was oalled Stub. " a pr o p er t y name. " Sh e h b e a r d , h w a h t i c s h e e s n h e t understood r sii b c e e June or July, 1861, when they parted in Ireland. Witness, in answer to the prisoner, disclaimed having any vindictive feeling against him. Mr W. Green, 7, Coal Exchange, said, I know the prisoner. He m with my si s t er Eli za b e th i n th e tr t roa of tleBd6 Uppingham,2a ,mand r r a n ge was R present at the marriage. It took place a ne tlandshire, at the chapel of the Independents. The pri soner was married by the name of John Parnell, and I did not know him by any other. A Miss Burbidge was lik ew i se present, as was also my brother cmo Samuel, who is now in Australia. The marriage register produced I received from the registrar at Uppingham, whom I know persokallY. After the marriage they lived at different places in London, and latterly in Wolverhampton. Mrs Cheeseman was recalled, and said she had been in correspondence with his first wife within the last month, and she had every reason to believe she was now alive. Mr Robert Palmer, of Beckfield-houso, Rathdown, Queen's County, and a Justice of the Peace for that county, said ho had known the prisoner from his boyhood, and was sorry to see him in such a position, for he was a relation of his. Me was married to bliss Frances Howard Flood in July, 1814, in the Round Churoh, St. Andrew's parish, Dublin, and witness was present at the marriage, and sub scribed the register. Stubber was a name in the prisoner's family, but witness had always known him by the name of Millard. He lived with his wife up to 1860 in Queen's County. His wife afterwards applied to witness for assist ance, prisoner having left her without means in Ireland. She was now living, and witness had seen her a week ago. The prisoner, on being cautioned, declined to make any answer to the charge, Mr Alderman Phillips committed him to Newgato for trial. Garnham, a well drossod young man, surrendered to his bail beforo Mr Alderman Waterlow, charged with receiving stolen goods. Mr Lewis, jun., prosecuted, and Mc Abrahams defended the prisoner, A burglary was committed on the 22d of June last on the premises of Messrs Edward M'Morland and Co., shaw warehousemen, of 25, St. Paul's. churchyard. The property stolen on that occasion consisted of shawls to the value of £4OO, Nothing further was heard of them until a few days back, when they were offered for sale at a city warehouse in the presence of one of Messrs M'Morland's young men, who recognised them as goods stolen from his employers. The young man, who was discharged on the first hear ing, produced, as the persons from whom he obtained them, Messrs Woof, linendrapers in Shoreditch, and they pro duced the prisoner Garnham. On that occasion Garnham gave the name of the person from whom he purchased them, but he could not bo found, and the prisoner was let out on bail, himself in MOP, and one surety in the same amount, and the case was remanded till yesterday, in order to give Garnham an opportunity of finding the man from whom he bought the goods. Mr Abrahams said his client had not been able to find the man,but he had found the person by whom he had been in. troduced to him. Mr Alderman Waterlow said that under the circumstances he should again remand the case, and release Garnham on his own recognisances. Mr Woof stated that an impression had got abroad that he was one of the !persons charged, and was out on bail, whereas the actual fact was that he was bail for Mr Garn ham. WORSHIP-STREET.—Patrick Kelly, 31, a shoemaker in Queen-square, Eldon-street, Finsbury, was charged with attempted suicide. A shoemaker named Smith, living in Ropemaker.street, Finsbury-pavement, stated that on the morning of the 2d ult. the prisoner,whom he had known for a good many years and who is a single man, called upon him at his lodgings. He asked him to lend him a shilling. As the prisoner had been discharged from his situation a short time before, and witness thought that, though a hard-working and well-be haved man, ho probably intended to spend it in drink, he told him he would not lend it for such a purpose. The pri soner then asked him to lend him as much as would pay for a pint of beer. He consented to that, crossed the room to his coat, from the pockets of which he took a quantity of halfpence, and, having handed the prisoner as much as he had last asked for, again went to his coat to return the ba lance. The witness's son suddenly screamed out, " Oh, father I father I he is cutting his throat." On turning round he was shocked at seeing the prisoner leaning over a work bench, cutting his throat with a paring knife. He jumped across the room to him, grasped him by the arm, and after a violent struggle, he got possession of the knife, during which the prisoner made a stab at him ; he at last got his arm round him, and pulled his right hand back. The prisoner dropped the knife. Tho witness's hand was cut in several places in the course of the contest for the knife, but the moment that it was got from the prisoner he seized another small French knife off the working seat, and made another cut at his throat. The witness again grasped him and shouted for assistance, which brought downstairs two other workmen, who pulled the witness back and secured the prisoner, while the witness went out in search of the police. Tho prisoner exclaimed, " I'll do it, I'll do it," and these were the only words in the way of explanation he could get from him. Isaac Wiseman, 126 of the city force, said he was called to 22, Ropemaker-street, on the 2d of last month, to see to a man who he was told had cut his own throat, and at tempted to stab two others. On reaching ono of the upper rooms ho found the prisoner stretched upon the floor, and bleeding profusely from a wound in the throat. A surgeon was present, who attended to him, and ordered his removal to St. Bartholomew's Hospit Al, to which he was at once taken, and where he had been till that morning. The sur geon there had not given him a certificate, but ho understood that for some time it was doubtful if he could recover• Tie prisoner said in a faint voice that what Mr Smith had stated was perfectly true, and that he could not say any thing about the affair. Ho was remanded for a week. SOUTHWARK.—Wm. Lawrence was charged with assaulting and robbing James Lewis, near St, George's Church, High-street, Borcugh. The prosecutor said that shortly after 12 on Saturday night he was passing St. George's Church on his way home, when he saw the prisoner and another man illusing an old woman. He stopped and asked why they did so, when one of them rushed upon him and struck him. The prisoner caught hold of him and struck him a violent blow on the back of the neck, and at the same time put his hands in his breast pocket. They had a struggle together for a few seconds, sad then the prisoner and his-companion ran off. He missed a silk handkerchief. A police constable shortly afterwards came up, and the prisoner was secured. Police-constable 122 M said, about half-past 12 o'clock he was on duty in Blackman-street, when he heard cries of "Police 1" near St. George's Church. Ho proceeded there, and saw the prosecutor bleeding from the face, and the pri soner running up Kent-street. He pursued him, and after a smart chase secured him and brought him back. The prosecutor then identified him and gave him into custody, The prisoner, who denied the charge, was committed for trial. LAMBETH.—WiIIiam Murray, aged 19, was charged with cutting and wounding Mary Ann Green. Police-constable Posse°, 17 L, said, that about half-past 8 o'clock on the evening before he was informed that a young woman had been stabbed in Frances-court, Lambeth Walk. On going there he found complainant covered with blood. She pointed out the prisoner as the person who had inflicted tho wound. She was so weak from the loss of blood that he deemed it necessary to remove her at once to St. Thomas's Hospital. Ho called there yesterday morning, when he received a cert ficate that she was not in a fit state to be removed to give her evidence in the case. Two or three persons, inhabitants of the neighbourhood, gave evidence, from which it appeared that Frances-court is inhabited by quarrelsome and lawless persons, and that on Saturday evening a drunken row commenced there, wuten 111 b tine I ilia ou -with rot fury the whylo of Oatut day night and Sunday. After a lengthened investigation the prisoner was re. manded. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIM Ea. —B y the merest accident in the world, a vessel which had been the terror of Fe deral merchants and shipowners was run down as she was lying quietly off Norfolk, in the James River, and atter warde sunk from the effects of the collision. Her name was the Florida, and our readers can scarcely have forgotten that a casual misapprehension on the part of a Federal captain, who mistook the neutral harbour of Bahia for the high seas, was the cause of her presence in Federal waters. Of course she would have been restored, crew and all, to the Brazilian Government, had this "fortuitous concur rence" not taken place ; but, as ill-luck would have it, while she was coaling previous to being taken up the river to Newport News, down came the transport steamer Alliance, under heavy pressure of steam, and caught her just on the bow. No time was lost in setting the pumps to work, but the same fatality pursued this doomed vessel, and the water steadily gained. Desperate efforts were made to save her by rigging out new pumps and baling vigorously, and " a very strict watch was kept day and night, as it was supposed that measures might be taken by the rebels to attempt her destruction front the shore." But alas! it was but labour lost. One night, at half-past 12 o'clock, the acting master, Mr. Biker, retired to bad, after satisfying himself that there was no immediate danger of going down ; but within an hour he was woke up by a report from the engineer that " he could not keep the vessel clear." According to the correspondent of the New York World, it is not definitely known what caused the water suddenly to pour into the Florida in so much greater volume after midnight," but the engineer fancied that " something had happened to the sea-cocks of the engines," and others con jectured that "some portion of the bottom planks had given way." Both of these suggestions seem probable, but all that is known for certain is that the untoward circumstance was entirely due to chance, of which we cannot have a better proof than the alacrity with which Captain Woodward, of the ram Atlanta, came on board a to see what could be done to keep her afloat." This officer nearly fell a victim to his devotion on behalf of the Florida, for he stood by her to the last, and had not Admiral Porter, by some providential inspiration, bethought himself of despatching a tug steamer to the scene of action in the nick of time, Captain Woodward and the prize crew would doubtless have gone to the bottom. As it was, this crowning misfortune was averted, and no sooner was every one well out of her than " the Florida careened over, and disappeared stern foremost." The only consideration which qualifies the purely casual nature of this occurrence is the fact that it had been frequently predicted. Whether it were because men are prone to forebode what they most dread, or whether in some mysterious sense the coming event cast its shadow before, it so happened that a very general impression prevailed at New York that the Florida would meet such a fate as we have described. There was a certain discrepancy, indeed, between the prophecies, for whereas some predicted that she would founder as she did, others were of opinion that she would perish by fire. Destiny willed that the former lot should be hers, and also that the fatal blow which stove in her side should be in. flitted by a Government vessel. As to the effect produced by the news on the Northern people, the accounts aro rat her conflicting. The informant of the New York World, after premising, rather super fluously, that " the cause of her sinking is consi dered undoubtedly to be the collision with the trans port steamer,'' expresses a conviction that " the Government will call upon the owner of that vessel for damages." He proceeds, as if by an undesigned coincidence, to present another American view of the matter ;—" There is a feeling of general satis faction among naval officers hero at the fate of the Florida. It is considered much preferable to have her disposed of here, and that indemnity be offered to the Brazilian a overntnent, than suffer the humi hatian of taking her Jack and seeing her saluted as she would enter the harbour of Rio Janeiro in triumph with the rebel flag flying. Thi s would have been a most bitter pill to the Ame rican officers who would have to accompany her." This is very frank, and gives significance to the statement which reaches us from another quarter, that " it is possible the Government had no come plicity in the transaction.". A third authority, writing for the information of one of our conterapee caries, explains why it is impossible to entertain the idea of any such complicity:--" Every one can see that the enemies of the North will labour sedulously to create the impression abroad that it is a Yankee trick." However, their malice will be signally frus trated, for "Admiral Porter has ordered a full in. vestigation of the affair, and if it shall be proved to have been a deliberate act the perpetrators will doubtless be punished as they deserve." Now let us assume for a moment that the disappearance of the notorious Florida was the result, not of accident, but of design ; in fact, that it was the fulfilment of a little plot arranged by Mr Barnum or some other master of patriotic smartness. Upon this supposi. tion what ought to be our feelings about it ? Per haps it betrays a want of sensitiveness in the con+ science, but the truth is that we are not disposed to waste much indignation on the subject. Granted that it was a Yankee trick of no very legitimate kind to make specific performance of an interna- tional duty impossible by destroying the property in dispute, what are we to say of the proceedings to which the Florida owed her existence ? If her cap ture was a lawless violation of neutrality, what was her equipment; if underhand means were employed to get rid of her, what sort of means were employed to procure her ? Far be it from us to justify or pal+ liate one immoral act by another; but the question here turns, not on the morality of those who con+ trived the accident, but on the claim of those who suffered by it to our sympathy. Quis tulcrit Gracchos de seditione quorontes? Those who sacrifice means to ends in the prosecu tion of their own objects cannot be pitied when the tables are turned on them by equally unscrupulous opponents. The party whose rights have really been outraged on our present supposition is the Brazilian Government, and from this point of view the origi nal seizure of the Florida was a more lawless act than her accidental submersion. What apology or atonement Mr Seward will think it consistent with his dignity to maker remains to be proved, but we venture to anticipate that it will be ample and pros fuse. It costs nothing to confess a fault—on the con. trary, there is a sort of luxury in doing so—when the blame of it can be thrown on a subordinate, and the only reparation that would be disagreeable to make has ceased to be possible. American pride will not bo offended by volunteering the assurance that but for this mishap the Florida would have been restored, for between saying that in a given contingency one would have submitted to humiliation and actually submitting to it there is much the same difference as between considering oneself horse whipped and being horsewhipped in fact. We cannot suppose that the ingenuity which has sufficed to play the game so far will be unequal to the successful termination of it ; indeed, we forsee but one serious difficulty to be overcome. That difficulty is, how to avoid censur ing or punishing the Captain of Wachusetts, in case Brazil should require it. It will obviously be easy enough to reprimand the master of the transport for his unseamanlike conduct, whereby the United States have been compromised and their honour. able intentions defeated. But the night attack upon the Florida in the harbour of Bahia, and the towing her out to sea under the guns of the Bra zilian forts, does not wear the aspect of an accident, and the attempt to represent it in that light may, perhaps, be met as Sancho Panza met the assertion that ho had been himself tossed in the blanket by fairy hands. More delicate handling wilbthere be required . than was exhibited either in capturing the Florida or in running her down, but to doubt that it will be forthcoming at the right time would be an insult to the American character. HERALD.—The speech of General Cialdini, in the Senate of Turin, applauded as it was by the cheers of an unmistakeable majority, furnishes another proof of the revolutionary policy which renders the Italian Government dangerous to Europe. It was a plain prediction of two wars to come—a war almost imminent with Austria, and a war remotely threatened with France. We are at a loss to understand why the eulogiums of those who profess to have at heart the peace of Europe and the pro. gross of human civilisation should be lavished upon declamation of this character. The question at issue was, virtually, the choice between Turin and Florence as the capital of the new Italian kingdom. That, we imagined, had been practically settled before General Cialdini rose to present himself as an orator. The town which contains some crumbling ruin supposed to have been the prison of O vid, which was suddenly swelled out to suit the convenience of a new Royalty, which has overpassed its old fortifications, and bulged upon the country in square suburbs, could never be re garded as the permanent metropolis of such an Italian realm as exists for the time, because it is out of the way ; perilously situated ; supportedb e y ia t bo. he public establishments; unreal; the seat o f an rate Court without being the centre of a strictly national population—a sort of Edinburgh, with a hill and a river, but without the associations or tra ditions which could reconcile Italy to regard it as a living substitute for Rome. Rome, we have con• tinually said, is beyond the reach of the party of action, so styled, and, if not, might be an affliction to it rather than a boon. It is the ideal, the dream, the hankering greed of a few visionary revolutionists who forget that they have within their already cum. brous territories an immense amount of work to accomplish before Piedmont can he said to have justified the actual lengthening of her sceptre by foreign and insurrectionary alliance. So with Venetia, although General Cialdini declares rheto riesl war against its Austrian garrisons with the unction of a heedless patriot, who delights in being a soldier while fancying himself a statesman. Flo rence, however, is at any rate worthy of the expo. riment about to be tried. It is ancient, historical, superb, and beloved by the Italian race. its epic annals glance at once over the plains of Lombardy and the mountains of Calabria; it deserves on every account to be a capital, even as when Pope Boniface VIII. exclaimed; " Earth, air, fire, water, and Flo rentines are to be found everywhere," and the arts del cambia, or money trade, attracted to Florence all the banking agents of Europe. The ruins and rem. mints of that famous city are comparable with the highest splendour of many erected in the modern epochs, and we cannot wonder, therefore, that those who desire for Italy no empty diadem, but solid and rational progress, should bid her bestow her thought, after the change from Turin to Florence, upon the work of renovating "Danka'a fairest and most renowned of the daughters of Rome," rather than upon that of scheming against Venice and troubling the Roman frontiers. To Florence, M. cnza, the Tribune, gave t h e banner of Italy, " in which Rome was represented between two other females," as Pappencordt quaintly puts it, "desig nating Italy and the Christian faith." General Cialdini refuses to accept this tradition. He regards the new capital as a citadel whence assaults may be directed against Austria and aggressions resisted from France. This sort of oratory, as was history,- according to Talleyrand, is a general conspiracy against truth. The Italian general must have known, when he appealed vaguely to the future, traced maps of chimerical campaigns, and Imo■ claimed the coming annals of Italy to be a series of tumults and battles—that he was merely endear• vouring to keep alive a dangerous fire, kindled by the irresponsible demagoguism of the most reckless among his countrymen during the last twenty years. Yet the cheers of the Senate, and the disguised ap proval of Victor Einsuanuel's Ministers, tempted him, and ho rushed into a licence of inflammatory bombast, suggesting the old saying, that " who peppers highest is sure to please.' Certain classes in Italy, of course, relish the taste of this unwise adulation ; they forget duty and think of destiny, as though the history of their beautiful peninsula were written in an almanac; they neglect what is due to themselves in the crazy passion of believing that everything must be wrested from Austria, and nothing loft to Rome. If this Italian people were blessed with a conscientious and thoughtful friend, of authority, in the Tribune, he would tell them how difficult it is to establish upon a solid basis a constitutional Government, how little the enthusi asm and excitement of agitated multitudes avail, and how, if Italy aspires again to become the child and heir of Jacobinism, her new independence will rot away beneath the influence of principles which have compassed more ruin than armies ever accom plished. With these views we naturally deprecate both the recent speech of Gen. Cialdini at Turin, and the acclamations with which it was welcomed. Tho pretence of moderation assumed by the valiant orator made the effect of his harangue all the more mischievous. We hear him, reasonably enough, championing the transfer of the capital upon several grounds; but nothing would serve him except dilating upon the immediate military considerations which Justified the change. Italy, thirty years since, he declared, had, and has now, he suggested, a powerful enemy, with whom no truce or transaction was possible and with whom war was sooner or later inevitable. Is the Parlia ment of Turin, in time of peace, fulfilling it s d u t y to Europ e by encouraging language of this charac ter? We say emphatically—Not. Austria, pro. ceeded the general, wants another opportunity, and Italy needs more aid. The Italians might wisely and honourably abstain from menacing the civilised world with a great disaster until they can talk of fighting without begging for allies. Gen. Cialdini estimates the alliance of his country with France as useful, but transitory, because dependent upon the existence of one man ; and suggests that the posterity of Napoleon might descend from the slopes of Savoy to conquer and annex the plains of Italy. Then he broke out into extravagant com mentaries on the Apennines as a natural line of defence, on Piedmont as an outwork of the Italian kingdom, and on the Valley of the Po, with vision ary legions marching and countermarching on the banks of the river; while proceeding to talk of Florence, after speaking of French protectorates, as a city whose defence should be entrusted to none except Italian arms and Italian valour. We e°11 : fess ourselves puzzled by this patriotism. y 1 , e , still less able to comprehend the polieY of declaim' ing from Turin, at this crisis of European affsir,g_' the necessity of urging a war from the gates of UT: Tuscan metropolis to those of the Quadrilateral Is Italy in need of no peace, repose, and recoverZ from the exhaustion of her many struggles ? d this a time to predict or plot new campaign a " t , hold up a defiance in the face of Austria, necessita ing the maintenance by that threatened Power of enormous armaments, which might otherwise " reduced, to the great advantage of Europe ? scheme of Italy, in transferring its capital, be the_ . : of preparing for a violent disturbance in the bed"! of Europe, a reckoning up of resources , in or elf that Rome and Venetia may be set on fire, and ° , l misusing its independence in efforts to sacrifice a l l that has been won by foreign aid—General Cialdi% deserves few thanks from his country, no Pro l ' o from the politicians of external Europe, e nd t ri on confidence from the men whoa pplauded his sce n— x , and incendiary speech. We hear of " ill'e nner g a t oratory . at Turin ; and it is safe to assume ' Cialdini's was a specimen of it. Founder's Day at the Charter Souse• Last evening:the old Carthusians, according to iro n°. morial custom, celebrated their "Founder's Day" W ith ti r annual service in the college chapel, the annual or the praise of their pious and worthy founder, and the annual dinner in the old hall, to which about nivel,' of the former scholars, either on the foundation or board er° sat down. Divine service commenced at 4 p.m., and the prayer: 118 , 1 : ing been read by the reader, the Rev. Mr Halcorab, t'w sermon was preached by his Grace the Archbishop of 94 11 .; terbury, who took his text from Proverbs via. 2. the soul be without learning, it is not good," on which based an admirable sermon on the great value of early ( 7.; Thomas suttee , ligious training, in the course of which he alluded 131 ", - touching and graceful terms to Leech and Thacker* ' men who illustrated most forcibly the vanity of all it interests, and acted therein as pioneers at least of real re' ligion. The company having repaired to the library and for governors' room, the oration was delivered by the sell ia "gown-boy" or colleger on the foundation, Mr Gle r ' to Stanley Davies, who is about to proceed, we bslie"' iu Christ's College, Cambridge, with an open scholarship, 11 addition to the usual exhibition. He delivered his spec: in graceful and flowing Ciceronian Latin, with a very g ° r delivery and in the best of taste. The oration, like sutt " Carmen Sevulare," glanced in rapid succession ov er chief events of interest in the school, such as the acee esi° of a new head-master, the election of Dr Elwyn to th e school at York, and the various successes obtained dill.' ing the past year by Carthusians at Oxford and Ca ll ,: bridge, and dwelt in 'Last touching terms on the clest; of three eminent Carthusians during the last 12 months, t". OP;of whom were present at the last Founders' Day, Dr S a physician of eminence at the West-end, and hims elf ad d ti A l son of a former physician at the college ; and—need We a the other two names F—William Makepeace Thacksral John Leech. It concluded by an allusion to the contras'' presented by England, at peace and contented, with A rioa, Intestino belle lacerata et direpta. ea At 6 o'clock dinner was served in the gre at ha , -. 8 . 1 grace having been said by the orator, the company sat d° " Oc t to a sumptuous repast. Among those present we obser/i, his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Earl of 1) ! ) housio, G.C.8., the Ven. Archdeacon Hale (in the Mr J. R. Kenyon, Q.C., Mr H. Rodwell, Q,C., Mr !O rr ' Chester, Col, Wilkinson, Rev. J. Evans, Rev, Dr Curre9,l T. Collins, Esq., M.P., Rev. L. D. Darner, &o, The ti t loyal toasts having been disposed of, Lord Dalhotoie posed the ancient and customary toast of 46 Floreat num Carthusiana Domus," which was drunk with O re times three. The other toasts, which followed in rap id sa°' cession, were the Prince and Princess of Wales (wh ose a t mince was the Orator of the evening), The Arn3Y•• and Volunteers, the Governors, the Masters of the Boar tal, the Masters of the School, &c., and the company 13e c ie rated at a late hour. The collection for the Orator, too t 14 his university expenses, amounted, we understand, to Peg' £l2O. COUNTRY MARKETS. COLCHESTER—DEc. 10. ea t We had a fair supply of wheat on offer at our 1 118 1 ,y, to-day, and previous quotations were maintained. 13 _, 61 ;, (3 0 with a fair demand, sold at former rates. Beans All' i Y unaltered. g q 36 6 Wheat, white 40s 46s Beans, Mazagan...u g 400 red 36s 42s middle & 5ma11.355 3 80 Barley Oatq —DEc. . a th e There was a seasonable suppIy NORTHAMPTON of wheat 10 to-day! an , Tol o best sorts were at f u lly l a t e pr i ces; o th er kinds in + 6 i, of buyers. Barley steady. Oats saleable at more 0 ° 400; , —White wheat, new,: 39s t 0 °42 8 ; new re d, 37s i°R45.-" old, 40s to 44s per qr. Barley,new malting 328 to ~- ( 10 to other sorts, 26s to 298. Old oa t s , 28 8 t o 32 5; ner6f - 366 27s per 24 stone. Beans, 36s to 11: , . Peas, 340 t o per qr. GLOUCESTER—Dm. 10. at There was a good supply of English wheat to:u 9 'o o our market, which sold slowly at late prices. Foreig n os tOt in limited demand, at about former rates. Bark'', and beans were dull. . 9. s l° .8 At this corn exchange to-day CHELMSFORD—DEC the supply of whe at t o' moderate, and we again have a dull trade, last week'll 511 tations being about maintained. Spring corn Wet a slow sale, at no advance in prices. - , 3 9 Wheat, old white 400 45s Peas, Partridp,e.... 36° 340 new 40s 41s White .......... 30 0 0 old red 395 40s Boiling new 37s 408 Dun 310 ...0 Barley 25s 32s Ditto new ......'te a Chevalier 26s 33s Beans, Tick, old • . 31° ...-0 Grinding 2os 28s ......... 38° 35 5 now.. ...-0a33 Malt.... 6ls 67 s Harrow Ticks .. 360 ,•• 0 Chevalier 643 68s new.. --4 03 Oats 2os 26s Mazagan .......338 KIRKCALDY GB,AIN—Dne. 10. get rtl We had fair supplies of barley and oats at our ' er qr to-day, but small of wheat. Barley is and oats 6d P down. Wheat much the same as last week. Wheat. Barley. Oats. First....33s 3 Cd 2ls Od l6s:Od Second ..37s Od 22s Od 178.0 d Third....—s Od 24s Od 17s 6d, ARKET. the close of the mitri et ' walls: End. 2 3 0 Iletton H.eugh Ha 11......... .. •• • ' .22 3 South ......... 6 Braddyll's Hetton ... .20 9 Tunstall ........ • 9 East Hartlepool .... . 9 KeiperGrange ....... .22 Hartlepool ......... • :et, GO ; sold, 55, COAL M. Prima of Coal per Ton a' S. d. Cowpox' Hartley 18 6 West Hartley 18 6 Lambert's West Hart- ley lB 3 Holy well ..18 6 Hastings Hartley ...18 6 Walla End. South Hetton Haswell ...22 6 Ships at mark( Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. 1 9 ' Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton.......4 e :l 3, via Marseilles ;........ • Dee . 5• Brazil and Cape Verde, by British packet. ....... -,-,' ea . ~ ',. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena.. ,' OO . P,, , China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton.; o . l'' via Marseilles ...' . Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton D ev e 19. De' 13. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, vi a S ou th am pton pee , ~ via Marseilles •• • Dec. 1 1, India (Bombay), via Southampton ........... • e , ?,. via Marseilles pce. 0' Portugal.... ‘,. Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton ...... -.'i eo , 1,; , via Marseilles ....... • - `-, 0 0, 'P' . •-`" , Newfoundland lu' Oporto and Vigo . U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet.. • • •'-' .„. b U.S. packet... t .. peo , !7 , b y Canadian pack' . pee , Jo, W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe ...... vco• 1 5, West Indies and Pacific , . ....... two. .1. Bahamas (via New York) ............... pee. 1 9 , Bermuda (ditto) . pee , ` Cuba and Mexico ......................... ' _.....••••'------ Births. wife of BUXTON. s — B On xt t o h n e , l E ot B h il i , n o s f t., a a s t on C . haropion_hi ll, the OW MAXSE.—On the 11th inst., at 49, Upper ('f° av street, Mrs. Frederick Maxse, of a eon. vals MORLIY.—On the 11th inst., at Cross Deep; Twieke° Mrs, Robert Morley, of a daughter. Marriages. _OO, MOORE—NEWBOLD.—On the 12th lust , a t Saint of 73iti Lorriruore-square, Robert Bendle Moore, 85q.11,,,,-, wholdf onhead, to Clara,youngest daughter of Francis e I;Eq., of Newington-butte, London. .b onf, ll o l STArYLTON—LEESON.-012 the Sth inet , at 11118.;,,,°r, 47,- Lieut.-Colonel Chetwynd Stapylton, .coutno l l",,7of ti le) Light Infantry, to Lady Barbara LOOE011; daugu" Earl and Countess of Milltown. James Deacon, DEACON.—On the 10th i D.—On the B E th 'cl. Deaths. nst d woo d ford , Essex, FITZGERALII°t' ,i,nastatlgi,eidgaht6a2m. his L r o e : i ci e: oc 0,2, vtr i eil _c , ou r r G t-terrace, Dublin, the Lord . William Charles u -,' ro.N.—On the Bth inst., at 1, ki z erald, aged 71. I - Lucas' N gent's-park, Joseph llingston, Esq., aged 66. 130 4 ORRIS.—On the 10th inst., Thomas Morris,Esq, ton, aged 34. ijci ,, of TURN _ En.—On the 1 lth inst Francis Turner. OW Queen-square, St. James's- ' k and New-13cItlare' , James's-park, , col ' ' Coln s-inn, aged 80. of Eoq ' WITHALL.—On the 11th inst., William Withal', 7, Parliament-street, Westminster, aged 6). . jo wls Stanhopeterrace, fie, WRITAKER.-011 the 9th inst., at Bretton, Wilt°' Whittaker, Epq., aged 64. N - r osO WS. ~f London: Printed and Prhitshed by WILLIII.3IA"-- of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at T HE Sur: Oface — p a O Strand, in the Pr ecinct of the Sivoy. in tlie 4/1/ Afiddleses.7-Tueeday, Deoeniter 13,