The Sun. — London, England, 1818-05-12 00:00:00

LITERARY REVIEW. A r I'PLY to the INQUI!IY of Mr. STEVEN into the A 7.ti TsESof the CHAR rElt SCHOOLS in IRELAND.— By the Hey.. ICH.; RD Nu GENT HoRNER, A. B. Curate of Dautlaßi, Diouss of Araug•h.—Dunda:ic. Consid er ing Ireland as an essential portion of the Empire, and feeling a strong intelest in'its welfrlre, we arc persuaded that we shall ren d,-; no slight service to that country by giving y to this satisfactory Reply in defence of 1; , PV , TESTANT SCHOOLS. Religion and 4duca- ti,,n are matters of the utmost consequence, and b;ist securities fur the preservation of a civi lized State. The subject of CHARTERED SCHOOLS tva ' s recently introduced in the House of Com mons, :Intl as they are of essential importance to society, it is fit that no abuses should take place, but that the design of the Founders should he olm.erred with all due solemnity. With respect to the PRoTESTANT SCHOOLS of Ireland, we - arc persuaded, from all we have heard, that the more strictly an investigation into the-prin ciples on which they are founded, and the con duct pursued in their management, is carried into efit:,cr, :he stronger will appear the claim of those Schools to the support of the Imperial Legida -IWe. NVe, therefore, readily dedicate a part of our columns to a subject Which is so important and interesting, not only to the rising generation or present, but to their successors, to the mast tliitout period of human existence. " The Schools which are the subject of the ing pages, were e,tablished by Charter, in the yvat 1733, upon the petition of the principal N,bility, Clergy, and Gentry of Ireland, and for the purpose of instructing the Children of the Popish, and other poor Natives, in the English too l ue, and the principles of true Religion and y.' " To dissipate the moral darkness in which a considerable portion of the Irish population were then involved, to enlighten their minds, arid to sithdue their turbulence, were the objects for which they were founded. The introduction of a purer Creed, and the enconragement of the lan: 2 ,natre, were the means by which these obL j-eti wrre proposed to he attained. 'Whether the of the Institutions were commensurate with the magnitude of the results expected from them, i; is now needless to inquire. But it is cc.rtain that there is one important end which they answer, in a high degree. The instruction of so great a number of poor destitute Children, bringing them up in habits of industry, and qua and.enabling them to become useful mem• soci-ety ; advantages of peculiar import auce in a country abounding in population, and wlwre no general Fund is provided for relieving the distre ,, ses of the poor.' . . . " If imperfections have been discovered in the ChArter Schools, it must not be forgotten, that to this vtiv discovery of their imperfections their cxe,lleuce is die, and that time, which has ex p,, ,e,! Cie defects of the system, has also brought their remedy. Ilow tar they are susceptible of farther a ueadment ; how far the machinery by which iney are i and which some consider rather coinpl,•x. m ry adult of such modification as Will r,A.:!yr i:Astore effective in the able hands to which k co:iti:lrd, it does not become me to say. The slinf!Ze.-d which has raised the Schools to their pue3cii , du2rVC of perfection will perform what. c , er reumin to be done. But -1 would depre c•Ate ?tihst WlOll of any different course of ethi c t lot if t bete were no other reason, the tb : iects of, a ditieren: course can only be frilly 9-ce.tni,eri by the test of years, and can otiy be ki,ovvit when to know them may be fruitless. " cuAr. 1. " The statement of Alr. Steven, on the Abuses nt Ow Charter Schools of Ireland, has been for some before tile public, awl may, by the bold n,ss Of it, as , ertions, have produced an effect rotiLl only be warranted by their truth. His Treat !,,:• he has. entitled, An Enquiry,' willb what jii,tice I confess myself unable to dis cover. lie proposes to shew the state of the Charter Schools in 1817, and, in order to do so, h. s!-runs to have carefully avoided every report, 'which could, iii any itese, be considered as fa vourable to them. Documents which prove an in errase in the annual grants to the Incorporated Society he can trace down to the latest moments ; but dot-it:news which prove the increased utility of its establishments he has not honoured Kith h;:, notice; and, with a spirit not a little extraordinary in an Enquirer, be appears more aill‘io:s to criminate, than to examine. " The Cuatter Schools of Ireland Mr. Steven is r k ose d style a Protestant Manufactory. The rlr ;net of the phrase can only he equalled by the Leto:it y of its application. But 1 must remind him, ilia! the Chatter Schools are no more than Charita ble I iistit utious, for the education and maintenance of the ititiint poor.--That, though Protestantism is din• form of religion inculcated there, it is only itisinoeil int because it is considered the purest— Ard gnat the question is simply this, whether the Chit iren received into these establishments are eilitclted in a way likely to form useful members of s•ot.it• y, and whether the sums destined for ,iioporr are applied to the purpose for which they li , tve twrn given. Ti; it the Children who are admitted into the Charter S,hools are carefully. instructed in the fiin*.iineui Al principles of religion, and trained tip moral conduct and regulated industry, is A fact known by those who have taken the trou ble of in .king a personal inspection. This was, a ih diligence which decency Light have t.sught a person to exert, before he addressed the ic:dlected wisdom of the nation. This was a de give of circuinspection, which mere humitnity wo,ild have soi.;i4estett, before assertions were :i3Adr, the tendency of which was to deprive of ~ . .fction and of bread, a number of beings, whose poverty gave them upon the Online bounty a claim, ‘rhich was still farther confit met! by their youth. But this diligence and this circtonliee t ion were disregarded by Mr. Steven. lie enters (fit no personal exaelination—He does not even look to the printechd +ctonents upon the sub:lett for the last thirty years. Had he three so, he would have learned from Mr. Etlgworth, a man whose wind was not of a cast to feel etty respect for . error, even when established be custom, and con secrated by its 'antiquity, that he had reason to congratulate the Society on the flourishing state of their schoOls; and that the system of educa tion Was efficacious, practical, free from bigotry, and in every respect such as to fiat it beyond the reach of private defamation or peblic censure.' —The whole p.rocess of this entetirer, however , amounts to nothing more than a reference to the Reports of MrAloward and Sir Jeremiah Fitz: patrick, made in the year 1788. It were much to be wished, that when he adopted their observa Lions, he had imbibed their spirit.—Those Gen tlemen uudertook their esettil labours ,aid; a view to render a National Charity worthy of National sepport. They exerted thellibely . es to restore the health of the systeei, but they had too much pene tration to suppose, that the best mode of remov ing the disease was the destruction of the patient. " Their remarks were received, by the Incor porated Society, with that respect to which tilt;y were entitled, and acted upon with an alacrity which their importance: Claimed. Their effect ‘ias soon manifest, in the increased comforts and int• provement of the Children; end the reports of the several visitors, which I Torte, fully testify the progressive amendment which has taken place, as well as the state of excellence to which these esta blishments have attained. Tile persons, on whose authority I rest this pair of the question, consist ed of Ecclesiastics and of Laymen,—of per,ons too much interested in the welfare of Schools to overlook incorrectness ; yet not so far interwoven in the management their concerns as to palliate it. Nay, their Reports themselves bear internal evidence of their truth. We find that thy held the balance with a steady hand, and while their praise is bestowed on all that merited approba tion, their censure is inflicted on all that merited reproof. " Such were the men whose testimony I refer to, and the Stint of that testimony is decidedly favourable to the Charter Schools.' I cannot,' says Mr. Corneille, Secretary to the Board of Education, close these Reports, without repress . ing the very great satisfaction, which I expe , rieuced from the very general good state of those Schools under the care of the Incorporated So ciety, which the Board of Education sent tne - to visit and inspect.' " (7'o be coot need.) DREADFUL EXPLOSION OF A POWDER MILL IN AMERICA. On Thursday, the I 9th of March, the valuable Powder Mills belonging to M. Dupont, (the. French Emigr6) at Brandywine, Del ware, were blown up, and from twenty to thirty persons killed , and ten wounded.-;—The following are the parti culars " Wilmin7,ton, Del. Sd ran. 201 h, 1.818. "Yesterday, between nine and ten o'clock, we beard a tre•,endous explosion, and experienced a strong pressure on the doors and windows, sup posed to be an eartlfuake. We perceived from the window a large rising mass of smoke, and soon after heard that Dopont's Powder-wills had blown up. The first explosion was the pounding-mill, into which, they say, a man who had worked many years there was observed carrying fire, from Which a spark fell—the person who saw this precipitated himself into the race, under the bridge, in time to be safe. " After this exploSion, Dilutes collected \the men at the small magazine (where a waggon %vas loading), to secure it ; but in about tell minutes thi s expleded, and, dreadful to relate, it is sup posed nearly 30 lives were destroyed t. —men, wo uten, and children being round about I loking / . fur their friends after the first explosion. , The grand magazine was still left, stipposed to contain at the time 60 tons of powder :—fire falling all round, fences, leaves, &c. burning, no one would ap proach for some time, either to assist the wounded, or to extinguish the fla;nes. At length Victor Dupont (his brother being a b sent , and Delmas wounded) held a council And drew lots. The resolute man on whom the lot fell went to examine the magazine, and happPy found it eninjured. ! They now extinguished the fire, and sought for the dead and wounded.— My brother, who with many others went fr . mn town, has returned, and says the horror and de yistation are indescribable : he saw human bo dies and limbs scattered far around, mingled amongst stones, timbers, &c.—a sad scene of misery. Dupont's Daws's, and Ilirou's houses were very much shattered—many -small houses torn to pieces—and where the small magazine had been there is no vestige of a building. The amount of loss in property, and the ntunber of lives, is not yet accurately ascertained." [Faun ANOTHER ACCOUNT.) " Marshal Grouchy, M. Dupont, and another Gentleman, gathered close round a. large tree, the • heaVy branches of which preserved them from the many pieces of timber and fragments of rocks which fell round them. The windows, floors, and roof of M. Dupont's house were blown oil'. His daughter,'Madame Biddermann, was sitting in a chair, when the floor on which it rested and that above it were blown up ; the chair was blown to atoms; fortunately M. Biddermann was very little hurt.—Mrs. Dupont and her sister were slightly hurt ; Mr. Delmas bad• his shoulder dislocated. The only article unhurt in the house of M. Du-_I pont was a portrait of Napoleon litionaparte. In the magazine it is said there was 25,000 cwt. of gun•powder e this, together with the sulphur, saltpetre, buildings, &c. has caused a loss of pro- • perty to the enterprising and intelligent owners of more than 30,000 dollars." EXTRAORDINARY FACT.—A hootmaker, resident. in the borough of Caine, and who is freeholder of Wilts, has now three- journeytreen working for him, who are also freeholders, and one of the latter has votes for the hundreds of Cricklade, , &e. They can of course jointly give ten votes at the ensuing election. MIDDLESEX SESSIONS. BULLOCK lIUN I'ING. Yesterday John Rippon, Chisholme, Charles Allan, William Howells, and Geo. Buckey, were indicted for having riotously assembled in STitalfields, on the 23th of March, and assaulted William llenry Racine and others. The trial lasted upwards of fonr hours, a great number 'Of witnesses having been examined titon both sides. The following are the leading facts : At thiee o'clock on the day specified in the-in dictment, while (tie workmen of Mr. Racine, who owns a silk warehouse in gyre -'street, which con tained pr o perty atnountiug in value to 100,000/. were at work, a bullock was driven into the pre mises by a body of violent fellows, consisting of be tween 200 and 300. The animal had been fol lowed by this band until it arrived opposite to the gate of Racine's premises, and then was, with great dexteri y, interrupted in its course, and dri ven'fn upon the premises. The prsoners. al>pc pared amongst the httll:ork-drivers. Itppon was the most remarkable - for activity, and the other prisoners, with the exception of Allan and flockev, - seemed 'to improve tonkr such a leader. Th e wo rkmen, upon that entreaties would not do, used threats to itsduce the hullock-drivers to leave this kind ot diversion. The inewices of t)srotving h.`;l-water and firing upon them pro (bleed no effect. At last blank cart ridAt was fired, hut that plan ot defence being, as inelfect ual as the other, the workmen let off a little small shOt, and wounded three ot the mob, but not dan geronsly. Their impression at the titne was, Ora the bullock was dtivrn in for the purpose of creat ing a cont,:sion, during whit h Ow property of their master might be diminished. Still the 'drivers con; lulled their labour 'at the brri , t, and at the wii.dows of ttu pr'emises , and at the work - nicti,wholornted theius , Ives into a body,and strug gled to shut the gates. tint bullock-drivers h a d oppot unit yto show their power. f•heyhadlatge bits upwards ot 6 tee' hi ; . ; ti,a , ,a thick enough tit dis ahlL. a man wlicrever they should descend upon him. Rippou exclaim , It, .n r , e midst of his activity, `• Now is the time to come in, in brls." Ades iterate contest ensued, which would have ended in tavour of the hohock-drivers, had nut thy police arrived, and turned the fortime of the day. Mr, Racine exerted himself for the preservation of his property, but was desperately beaten. Upon reach ing a shop in the neighbourhood, which he did with difficulty, he taihted. Seven of the wot kmen were dangetously wounded. Tile poor bullock was driven in so desperate a manner, and goaded so cruelly, .that it ran mad ; and 'after having tossed several peaceable persons, - fell down death. e Via obonds have been in the habit of bullock driving in those premises three times a-year: The property of Mr. Racine is easily removable by ruffians constituted as the bullock-drivers were on this, occasion. • The Jury retired,•and in half .an hour returned :the following verdict :—Rippon, Yardley, Chis hol'ne, and Howells—Guilty Buckey and Allan—Not Guilty. The CHAIRMAN, in passing sentence, expressed his astonishment at the indifference manifested, in the part of the mettopolis- where this shameful scene 'occurred, to practices attended with so much (Linger, and &elated, that those who had engaged in such vile disorders were much more . br u t a l ha l ) the pooriilHMiii they had hunted to death. The prisoners were then sentenced to the fol lowing vet y mild punishment : , --Itippon, six months' imprisonment ; Yardley and Chisholme 3 months' imprisonment ; Howells, one n►onth's imprisonment. The father of one of the pi isoners said his son was a very good young in:in,.had been absent from Ayre-street when the offence WEIS Mid ought to be sent to the Compter, it any where, as I►e was a freeman. • . . . The CHAIRMAN answered, that if any life had been lust the prisoner alluded t,9 would certainly have been hanged. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. QUEEN-SQUAlUS.—lt r illinne Kirby, coachman to the Duke of Athol, was brought before W. FIELDING, Esq. charged with having desperately wounded Richard Pet ry,, so as to endanger his life. 01) Friday last the prisoner got out his master's carriage in Princes-sheer, ‘Vestminster, intending to put the horses to ; the wounded man, who is likewise a servant, got out his own master's carriage from an adjoining stable, when finding the Duke's carriage in his way, he removed it, so as to get the other by ; the prisoner asked how be dared to do so, and ran to the stable for a mop stick, with which he struck the tither so violently across the head that the scull was fracture‘_and he lay fur dead about ten minutes vent the ground ;- he was taken to the Westminster In firmary. Yesterday morning the surgeons were • still, unable to pronounce him out of danger. The prisoner's defence was, that he challenged him to fight, and that the provocation he gave was solely the cause of the dreadful blow being struck ; he could produce proper bail, and was sorry for the °eminence. Mr. FIELDING said he could not ac cept bail until the man- was declared out of dan ger.—Theprisoner was committed. UNION-HALL.—Harriet Birder, a genteel-look ing young woman, about 16 years of age, was brought before the Magistrate by Snow, the con stable of Newington, under the tollosying circum stances :—The pt isoner formerly resided with her aunt, a person of great respectability, at Bury St. Moroni's about six weeks ago site suddenly dis appeared ; her absence involved her aunt in deep distress, and every exertion was. made by her to ascertain the fate , of her niece without 'suc cess. At length, she applied to Mr. Manning, of Camberwell, her intimate friend, and requested his assistance in the melancholy business. Mr. Manning interested himself most effectually in the search, and on Saturday discovered the retreat of the fugitive, at a house in Amelia-street, Newing ton, where she was living in a state of prostitu tion. She turned" a deaf ear to his solicitations' to return to her friends, who were anxious to re ceive her; and he then gave charge of her to Snow. The Magistrate said' that he would immediately commit her to the House of Correction as a pros= attire, if she continued in the detertnination of not returning to her friends. The young Lady chose the alternative of a reconciliation with Ler aunt; and wiardrew with Air. Manning. LONDON MARKETS. PRICE OF BREAD THIS WEEK. The highest price of the best Wheaten Bread throughout the Metropolis is stated by the Bakers to be ls. qd• til4l Quartern Loaf.—Some Bakers sell the Quartern Loaf Dolt one penny to two-pence lower. . lb. oz. p. ofl PecTiloaf to weigh .. 17 6 Quartern Loaf to weigh 4 a b ' Half ditto.. ditto .... $ll lialf Quartern ditto .. SEEDS. Red Clover (Foreign) —s 56s to 86s per tWt. Ditto English Whiteditto Rye-Grass ... 3ss 4.3 s to --s per qr. u Turnip, White ... l4s Od to 18s Od per bUS`"- Red and Green ... l2s Od to 18s Od White Mustard Seed „ . 6s Os to 119 Od • Brown ditto lss Od to 20s Od Carraway Seeds (new) F • Cinque on) s6s Od to 70s Od per cir' Coriander do. .l3s Oct to. 15s Od Trefoil Hibgrass —s 40s to 70s Canary (new). . Ditto (old) 7os —s to 80s Linseed Oil Cake at the Mill, —l. —s. to 151. Os. per till:W sand—Rape Cake 81. Os. to —l. Os. per tun• Tares, Bs. to I4s. per bushel. DGE. IL—Thursday, May 7. to „ s li ot, Oats '' 28$ Od to 30. 50s od to 6 0 ' ni Pease —s Od tu : to —s Od. F HOPS. New Pockets. i nt Kent —7 2 31 Os to 971 5 .. 11,5 ex —1 421 —s to 251 'Essex •• .. 931 Os to 27 1 1 Farnham.. tSI us to 351 UXI3III Corn-Insper•tor's Retort Wheat per 1.171. LOs to 2.'41 15s. ' N.Wheat per 1. —1 Os to —1 os Barley, pew. 44s 0(1 to 50s od Rye, —s. od PRICE 0 Nrw liatis. • Rent 201 us to 231 Os Foreign —1 Os to —1 Os , • NE IV GAT E AN 0 LEADEN HALL ALI It10 , ;TS• i; I lit, Carcase. bi Beef '3s 6(1 to 4s (id I Veal .. 4s• Sil to"' a mutton .... 5s Oii 10. Ss 4 ,1 . Pnrk • 5s Ott t"6' _, ST. JAMES'S HAY MAII.I.:ET, Nay RA Hay 4l it's od to 61 2.s thi--Avet.ige, 5 1 n ""! gd .ittaw Corer 4l Us 0.1 lo (I Gs fid --A ve rage, SI WIIITLCHAPEL hay 5l Os Od to 61 New ditto.. 01 Os oil to ol Straw 2l 16s Od to 51 Clover 6l Os Oil to 7! Y MARKET. OS t)(1--A‘erxze, 51 10; 0 4 Os O tvcrage, Ul C " O' "41----Act•rdgc, 0 4 Os 10, I:bef tll PRICE OF LEATHER. Butts, 50 to 5611,s each per .° , 21 4 Ditto, 56 to 661bs each 23 ,i to 1 - 9 0 . _ Dressing Hides Fine Coach Hides isd to 1,0 to ,90 Crop Hides, :15 to 4011)s for cutting 's;! to tpd Ditto 45 to 5011,s 101 ,1 to ! l a' Calf Skins, 3O to 401b3 Ditto 5O to 701bs 27d t Ditto 7O to solbs stid to • S. Small Seals (Greenland) 33d to ; O pf I arge ditto per dozen 7O t° Tanned Horse Hides 15Ad ° a Spanish Horse Hides 17d tv Best Heifers & Steers RAW per st [DES. Ordinary Is zod "151 . ..... 25 6d to 95 100. .llarket Calf each .• Middlings 2s 2d to 23 4d Eng. liurse us ad to 95 StIEEP SKINS. Is si Polled 96d to lOsd Sheat lings .Os Oct to Downs Cs thl to 836:1 Lambs, 3s od to 55 PRICE OF RAW FAT, As stated byMt St. James's Market .. 4s 5(1 Whitt:chapel Market 4s 5d per Stone of sib.—MaY te h 8* e rP As. stated by the 13u. St. James's Macke ..4s Whitechapel Marbet 4s 51 Clale Market ...... Os t? , i 4 06 Newgate Marliet . • • •-.; Average ....Lis 5u SOAP, &c. per 1121 h• Ye I ow Soap .......... Mottled.. ........... J g$ Cnrd ............... • )4 6i Pa1m............... • s Ciraves .............. of Good Dreg 5........ _lO5 Average PRICES OF TALLOW ; Fown Tallow.. 76s 6d .—s Od Yellow Russia 79s Od —s Od Whitc ditto .. —s o,l—s Oil Soap ditto.. 17s Od Mulling Stuti 63s od 64. s Od Ditto Rough.. 4I s Oci 48s Od. PRICE OF CANDLE, from Tallow Chandlers' ott Price ./ Candies, per (1,,z(-11, 12s gti —Nlorticts, 14s Oil --4) dozen allowed for ready money COAL MARKET, May 11. Ships at Market. Ships ! - :old. price. s ad. 53 N wcastlo 40. o . 375. 6d. to 44. 3 ,4 ° ' e 10 Sunderland.... 7 lfis 3d. t SCOTCH BANKRUPTS. SEQUESTRATION. • May 5, John Purse, merchant, Dingwall, !loss-chil e 13' 4itors meet It,ss's Inn there, luth May awl sth June," EXAMINATIONS, DIVIDENDS, &c. el il l William Cublick, merchant, Greenock, to be exarni'' the Sheriff Clerk's office, Paisley, 14th and 28thMaV, °tweet Creditors of the deceased John Goldie, merchant, Mr' in the Town Clerk's Office there, Bth June, at 12. .0 re' Creditors of Samuel Renny, merchant, Arbroath , I ' 4 w ee ceive a dividend at the counting-house of James Marol e t chant there, 4th June. - W I" Creditors of William M'Clellan and Co. tiruber-mere .004 Crossmichael and Kirkcudbright, will receive a d ici from the truste, 2gt Ma Christopher e Russell h , mea y. l and grain -dealer in Thip'.l--br:cif and Andrew Campbell and Co. merchants, Glasgo''' applied for discharges. BIRTHS of I/ At Somborne House, the Bight lion. Lady Kenne tl Y' ion. 5* On the Gth inst. at Bath, the Lady of Henry L a Y arjr of a son. ___.-- MARRIED. r4eCOl4: John Walker, Esq. of Falkirk, N.B. to Mary An" , tc r• daughter of Mr. C. Jeffery, of Broadway, Westaki"s„octr On Saturday last, William a Becket, Esq. of Broad_s: Golden-sqUare, solicitor, to 'Mrs. Shaw, of Kensin, DIED. o f ,st, firs.• Hulse, wife o f c o l o nel HMI"' On Sunday last, Mrs- Cosington, Leicestershire. 9 1 5 t Oa the sth inst. at Hampton Court Green, ill her year, Mrs. Mary Anderson. 0 51" On Saturday last, at his residence, IValwortb, ,ty Esq., many years an active Magistrate of the Co0"/000, Surrey, beloved and respected by his numerous friends' ing an on!y son to lament his loss. peri° 6l. At St. Helena, on the 9th of March- last, at an fan)" , . of life, Edward ' Watson, Esq. of the Bengal Civil San' best,On Tues‘lay week, at Hull, aged 8 , 2, Mr. Arthur a veteran soldier in his Majesty's 39th, or East regiment .of Foot, then commanded by General DO' s. ,;of was at the siege of Gibraltar, during the wliole Fe; blockade, viz. from the 21st June, 1779, to the `2 O hruary, 1783 ; and for upwards of fourteen years cburct. ,00,0 of that impregnable fortress. Being sent to ErW,l33ld time after the siege with his regiment, he bas Dee" ! , MP years upon the out-pension list of Chelsea Huspita Mitchell was a native of Scotland. He survived 10 about two years, who was with hint at Gibraltar. • o LONDON: Printed by .1. 11..CARSTALRS, o f No. i. t I c,, Ormond-street, Queen-square; and published l'Y 0 5.; SCRIPPS, of No. 7, Sooth Molton-street, at r f kl ardor Oil ice, No. 112, Strand ; where Adreitisement s y Letters, Sse. (pust-paid) must be addressed* ( e NICI r 4„ 4 e l Co aa; ei 4igh, Prtii i tt t tt P 0 4 ,1 Or 4 1 , 4 3, 1 44 :4 tolo w . 4 ( 1 In d a I'l 4 Pay, b Er c t n I t e i t , to 4 e , re 4 r tr t N. A l t dar e A 14 s t ' et 4 Le4lti 1V