The Sun. — London, England, 1818-08-04 00:00:00

EMIGRA rioN. (Frn,p, .EG (s) We fed that we • caenot render a more import ant se tei ee cp the British Public, than by offer ' some ohs rveoions oil the scheme recently propesed by fit Coighhotin, for the ameliore tion of our emelition, in an im rotted and %veil arraoged sys!em of Colonization. •It is 'impossi ble 'that any men can more conseth-ertiously reite the Abandonment of the oat,,' soil, tot a r,shiellce ill CotlllltieS sub3ected to different laces, Red eovereed by a feeling hostile to the British looion, ;hail we do. The late emigrations to ,Cteiet lea have given us cons;derable pain, as well tor the disapponoment experienced by onfortu twe (tures, from attful misrepresenta . ions, on their arrival in that country, as for the injury re ceived by this nation from the desertion of a con• sider Ade eionher of her most effectual members ; h.!! uft- cAunui be blind to the absolute necessity of Entigra• . ion of some ;ort, and are therefore anxious to call the attention of Gpvernment to the scheme which has been sebmitted to them, and which is emit - wetly calculated to insure the comfort and felicity of our redundant popuiatioo, and the eventual honour of the British Nation. The prosperity of a kingdom has been said to d e p e nd o n t h e gr e a t number of its innabitants bin this is true only to a certain extent, and is by no means applicable to England. A redundant population is as destructive of the general inte rests of society, by increasing the demands tor s . .bsisteore beyond the resources of the county to sepply them, as the opposite extreme of thine ss of . inhabitants ; indeed, a too great po potation is the m st lamentable evil of the two : for in a want of numbers to populate a country, th e evils a re less r eal than imaginary. Society is not so decant, learning is not so general, luxu ries and refinement are little known or cultivated, because external relations cannot be formed by those whose numbers are not sufficient to corn- Mato! resources .shich iesure the .steem, or com mand the obedience, of foreign nations ; they do not, however, %yam the necessaries, or even the cointerts of existence ; whereaN in a redundant popnlation- both of those evils must be felt by coosidtrahle, - number ; the means of industry are wanting—crimes are generated by the difficulty of Pmenting an honourable subsistence—the civil art angetnents of the nation become unhinged. and !moiler or later the political stamina of the Con stitution is ruined by a scant of organization in the inhabitants as a body. Of the population of England, at least 1.500,000 persens, exclusive of the aged and the infirm, aud children, are without the means of exercising their industry or their ingenuity with the prospect of obtaioing sufficient for the sup port of themselves and their families ; and are therefore dependent, directly or indirectly, upon parochial assistance. It is by no means difficult to explain the cause of this misfortune. The an nual increase elf population in the United Kiog dorrts is not less than 200.000, or in hen years t e e , teollion ; so that it, in the year 1808, the re• sources of Geeat Britain were equal tel the sup port of the )eopelatiou of the United Kingdonts, h er resources ought to be now equal to the stip port of an increased pepulation of two millions. If the means of industry in the year 1815 are equal to this important increase. nothing can be said against a redinotant Emendation ; but it is not too much to assert, that in the year 1808 England was better able to provide support for the two millions which did not then exist, than it is now .able to provide for the population of that period. The stagnation of labour in eve ry depattment connected with the war', and the consequent dis charge of naury thousand effective members. of society ; the hard policy of discoatinuiug the sup port of Government from respectable individuals in public offices ; and the abominable absentee system which has been so eagerly adopted by many of our richest fellow-countrymen, are among the causes of the distress which is now felt throughout every part of the empire ; and al though attempts have been, and are made, to conceal the extent of the prevailing misery, which has been made the means of dissaffection and dis loy.alty by unprincipled indivicluel:, the fact can not, nor' ottebt not to be concealed, that there are in Great Britain and Ireland more than two million persons for whose support the Fresent means of itichistry are by no means equal. There is no longer a field for the exercise of physical or intsllectnal industry ; those who are employed,, with few exceptions, are not stimu - fated to exertion by the reasonable prospect of independence, and those who are without labour become chargeable to the parish, or are inert ob jects of , private benevolence_ None, or very few indeed, have died far want ; because an English man will sacrifice any thing rather thaw see' his fellow-creature perish, from the common chance of fottnee—he remembers that the rich and the poor, the nobleman and the peasant, are de scended from one father ; and he knows too that although imprudence , may have done much to make some men poor, misfortune has done still more—he feels that no man was created to die for want, and that the food of the earth was sent for its inhabitants; therefore he stretches forth the hand of sympathy to relieve and succour. This is noble, but,Englishmen ought mot to live upon the exer cise of benevolence; their national character, upon which the national safety so intimately de pends, must suffer from this circumstance ; and while there are other and better means of assist ing the stiff: ring part of the population, it is our duty to adopt them. These means have been pointed out and laid before Ministers, by a very worthy individual, Mr. Colquhoun, and an able treatise, written by that Gentleman, on tat same subject, though not yet regularly published, is in the hands of several men of fortune, 'who have pledged themselves to support the plan as soon as it shall have received the concorrence of Govern ment. While there are such immense tracks of land in different parts of the g l o b e , almost with ienabiraots, we must take the liberty of ob serving that the occupation of thost lands, many of which are fertile in comforts and in luxuries, would he a much better source of action for a re riendant population, thait war and bloodshed.— Etnigrat ion then is what we would advise—not to Arn2rica—God forbid ! When an Englishman le,ves hi s n ative country he should not desert the s „ c i ety. „f ids f e ll o w-countrymen, or abandon the protection of law's which are too just and equir: , .ble to be exchanr„ted with advantage. Eng- I iud has vast possessions in foreign climates — t 'tiler she may send her unfortunate but Ideserv nit; children, with- the double advantage or com fort to [Lem and honour and security to the parent nat The scientific projector of the plan in question has men:ioned Saldanha Bay, near the Cape of Gnu! Hope, as a proper spot for Colonization. — The precise arrangements necessary - for the com pletion of this undertaking are not yet made ; but we will in a future Number of the .7Eeis name the conditions, as we have received them from the projector.—For the present it may be sufficient to remark, that the advantages to emi grants would be much greater than any that were offered under similar circumstances : their com fort and security would be proviskri for ; and, what is more excellent than all, though the.set tiers would receive a liberal aid front the friends of the undertaking, to enable them to enter w ith confidence and spirit on the business of Coloniza tion, the circumstances under which it is ititetul ol that ibis aid should be given are so truly wise and honoorable, that, with common prudence and common industry, they might in five or six years defray every advance in their favour, and become ,he free possessors of fertile farms, good habita tions, and a valuable commerce—without rent, tithes, taxes, or obligation. it is no slight pros pect of happiness to be assured of independence and comfort in a fruitful land, with a eOO,l so ciety, and ander the protection of British laws; in which what is objectionable might meet with modification and improvement —it is no trivial consola ion for a suffering Eoglishman to be told that a residence in a laud where every thing is open to imitistry and enterprize s under the au spices of the parent country. tr ill reliere him of the whips and scorns of time ;" and that the l i labour of a years will give ease to the remain der of his existence in the bo:atu of felicity. It is proposed to offer very considerable advantages to persons of agricultural knowledge; and we trust that liberal 'prospects will also be presented to men of a different description, whose minds m a y serve to give a character which has been wanting in the establishment of former Colonies. All new societies are naturally turbulent, unless they be restrained by powerful moral intellect ; and it the great body o' settlers who are expected to embrace this scheme be not influenced by good and virtuous directors, who, in founding a new society, will consider virtue and morality as of greater importance than wealth and worldly con sequence—if the hundreds of distressed but va luable men of talent and villas in this country be not preferred to the ()bieris Of favouritism and influence, better would it be !or a redundant population to remain where they are, with all their wants arid miseries, than to sow the fertile land of Southei n Africa. The advantages of soil and cliMate ate as nothing without the blessing of gootlimciety. In forming a new colony to; distressed *COOS iriflt!” r fis renlC O , tw e are not transporiieg convicts who oisterb our peace at home ; and so provide accordingly. Saldanha Bay, the sinot pr ()posed for theuew co limy. is an eligible part et Southern Africa', and is of Iv 'it) tunics distant omit the Cape of Good rin a e, The voyage thither is generally pet formed in eight or nine %leeks, and is considered sate by mariners. The climate is warm and ectutal ; there are no lake agues or p6tilevitial tevers, as in America, to carry off their thousamis ; and the soil is refreshed and rendered pruritic by a regular tall of moisrore during one quartsr of the yea'r. In the glowing language of the venerable pro poser of the colony, " Son hero Africa is out a howling wildetuess inhabited by savages ; it is not covered with heavy timber, atul impenetrable thickets ; it is not without an extensive cultiva tion, producing not only wheat, barley, pease, and other European grains, with' potatoes, yams, &c. but abounding with horned cattle, sheep, hogs, horses, and other European anineds : it abounds also with all the edible roots and vegetables of Europe, in addition to those peculiar to tropical and stanherti climates. 'flue fittest and richest grapes are also cultivated, with other European fruits. In the spring season (I), almost immea• surable tracts of country are said to he coveted with the greatest variety of the most beautiful flowers, soliciting the hand of industry to render it more useftWy productive. The land it nitro:slit into cultivation without much lawn' - , Sint.e it i s only incumbered, in some instances, by light brush wood, which is easily removed, and is uselad as fuel.. The seas abound with a great variety of the finest fish, besides whalte, also abound on the sea coast, and may be caught by bows ; and the oil obtained without the charges with which this article is borthened by the expensive outfits of ships employed in the Oraeolatad and South Sea fisheries." (2) No finer situation for the exercise of industry, and the reward of merit., could be chosen ; nor is it possible to name any part of the globe in which an equally reciprocal obligation could be maintained between the parent country and her colony. The harbour of Saldanlia Bay is one of the largest and safest in the world, being. capable of affording shelter to all the navies . in -Europe ; it is accessible at all seasons of the year, and is finely protected at its month, which is two miles in extent, by two small islands and also by two promontories With respect to the commerce which might be carried on at Saldanha Bay, we observe—that the colonists would, in return for the articles of Europe,which they would of course receive from England, export wine (the finest in the world), brandy (superior to the French), cotton, wool, skiffs (of different descriptions), raw and dried hides, hemp, flax and flax-seed, tallow, whale oil, tobacco, lice , c offee, dried fruits of various descriptions—such as raisins, figs; peaches, nectatiues, plums, &c. white wine vinegar, elephants' teeth, ostrich feathers (and, it is said, gold dust), Indian core or m aize, cor neliana, agates, and other precious stones, and • a variety of articles, which would depend on the. spirit and enterprize of the colonists. In addition to this commerce, there could be another of infinite importance, i n the establish ment of fisheries ; and that too Undra CirCUUI. stances of peculiar advantage. Ihe fish caught in the seas of Africa are superior in flavour and variety to those of any other region and may he preserved at a very small expence, for " salt may be procured from the salt lakes, which are of such extraordinary strength, that any animal food, im mersed three or four times, will. imbibe such a portion of saline matter as will preserve it for al most any length of dine in any climate." (3) The fruit trees of the colony (including • those which are natural to the soil, and those which [lave been introduced at the Cape with infinite success), are " the vine, the apple, the cherry, the plum, the peach, the nectarine, the apricot, the fig, the orange, the lemon, the citron, the al mond, the chesnut, the wild plum, the wild al mond, &c. besides a wood which grows in the mountaius, and from which is extracted a rich syrup for sugar. The ground fruits are, muse melons, water melons, &c " (4) The country already abounds in wild cattle of general utility, sheep, Oats, and hogs ; and poultry of every description may be raised with out•difficulty or expence. We have thus endeavoured to present a fair outline of some 01 the numerous advantages to be derived from colonization in Southern Africa; and we shall resume the subject a► another oppor tunity. (i) September—October, and November—mild. (4) Mr. Colqiihoun's Treatise. (S) From a new work by Richard Barnard Fisher, Esq. (4) Ibid. Giu4;Ar SEA SERPENT. Captain WOODWARD met, in the-beginning of May, this year, with au enormous Serpent, which !Seems to be different from that seen last year near Cape Anne. The following is the declaration of Captain WootawAan, and it seems to us to be worthy of the attention of Naturalists:— " I, the undersigned Joseph Woodward, Cap tain of the Adamant schooner, of Hingham, being on my route from Penobscot to Hingham, steer ing W.N.IV. and being about ten leagues from the coast, perceived I.st Saturday, at two P M. something on the surface of the water, which seemaul to me to be of the size of a large boat,-... Supposing that it might he part of the wreck of a ship, 1 approached it ; but when I was within a few fathoms of it, it appeared to my great sur prise, and that ot my whole crew, that it was a monstrous Serpent. When I approached nearer, it coiled itself up, instantly uncoiled itself again, -awl withdrew with extreme rapidity. On my approaching again, it coiled itself up a second time, and placed itself at the distance of sixty feet at most from the bow of the ship. I h id one of my guns loaded with a cannon ball and musket-bullets; I fired it at the ',end of the monster; my crew and myself distinctly neard the ball and the bullets strike against his body, • from which they rebounded us it they had snuck against a rock The serpent shook his head and his tail in an extraordinary manner, and advanced towards 01%, ship with open jaws ; I had caused the can s noti to be reloaded, and pointed it at his but he had come so near that- all the crew wereleiz , d wiih terror ) and we thought only of getting Out of his way. He Almov touched the. vesse%yr!d hill I not tarked as I did, he would certainly have come on hoard. He divea ; hut. in a moment we saw bon appear again, with his head on one siee of the vessel, and kis tail on the other, .ts it Ile was going to lift us up and to upset us. llowever, we did not feel any shock. He remainett five hours near us, only going back ward ;m4 tortvArd " The feirs widi which he at first inspired us having subsided, we were able to t xamine him atteniively t esiniate that his itng his at least twice that of my schooner ; that is to say, a hun dred and thirty :Let . his head is hill twelve or fourteen ; the diameter of his hotly, below the neck, is not less than six feet ; the size Of the head is in proportion' to di - vit . of his body. Ile is of a blackish colour ; his ear-holes (orzies) are about twelve feet from the .-extremity of his head. 1n short, the whole has a certilfle. look. " When he coils himself up he places his tail in such a manner, that it aids him in darting for ward with gre.at force : lie moves in all directions with the greatest facility, and astonishing ra pnlify. • (Signed) " JOSEPH 'WOODWARD. " Hingham, May 12, 1315." declaration is wtested by Peter Holme s and John Mayo, who made affidavit of the truth of u before a Justice of Peace. LAW.—The Lou) CHANCELLOR, on coming into Court yesterday, gave several jotlgnients, which were, however, of no public interest what ever. On Thursday, a Court Martial wis held at Portsmouth to inquire into the conduct and to try Captain 305',;rit' Daopr„late ColU v ina rder of his Majesty's 'ship Volage, for having lej that ship at Batavia, on or about the 9th of Oc tober, 1816, .on 'account of ill health, viving to Lieutenant IVARDR, the senior Lieutenant, an order to keep charge and command the ship, and proceed in her io join Rear Admiral Sir RICHARD KING.—The Court agreed that Captain JOSEPH DRURY, when he quitted the command of the VOLAGE, at Batavia, was in a state of health requiring change of climate ; that, a 3 he had not produced any document to the Court to justify his leaving her, he ought to have proceeded to join Rear-Admiral SIL RICNAIIi) KING ; and, that blame was therefore imputable to am, and the Court did adjudge him to be severely repri tnan,ed. _ . • SURPRIFIVG PEDESTRIAN.—CRISP, the brick layer, better known by the title of the Champion of Pedestrians, has laid a wager of twenty to forty pounds, to go on foot one hundred and ten miles in twenty-four successive homes. He intends starting at five o'clock in the afternoon of Thurs day, the 13th instant, near - the Black Lion, Read ing, for the Catherine Wheel Inn, Henley, and back ; the distance to he me: sured ten miles out. He is to go through Twytord and Wargrnve, five ntiles•of the road being very rough and hilly ; he is to be accompanied during the night by umpires on horseback, to protect him, and seelhat be faith fully perfutius the distance. LONDON MARKET'S. PRICE OF BREAD THIS WEEK. b Ut The highest price of the best Wheaten Bread throllg- 6 t iet the the Metropolis is stated by the Bakers to be Is. 1 4-' l5 4 t/uai tern Loaf, being a &chile of Three Farthings ... week.—Sortie Bakers sell the Quartern Loaf from one Pegl'i to twopence lower. lb. 0 5 ' l ' Peck Loaf to -iveigh .. 17 b. oz 6 . Quartern Loaf to weigh 4 3 Halt ditto.. ditto .... is I I Half Quartern ditto .• 2 SEEDS. Bran, 13s to 14s per Qr.—Fine Pollard, 16s to 30s per. di'. Red Clover (Foreign) Ditto English —s 40s to 71s White ditto —s 75s 90s to 1056 Rye-Grass .. 155 23s to —s per qi. , Turnip, White lled and Green ... l6s od to ios od White Mustard Seed 6s Os to II s Od Brown ditto lss Od to 20% od Carraway Seeds (new) Cinque Foin - s6s Od to 70s Od per qr• Coriander do Ti•efoil r 20535 s to 56s —5 Pe. - Rlbgrass ... —s 60s to 70s Canary (nt..w) —s 45s to 60s Od per qr• , Ditto (old; —s 70s to 90s tbotl" Linseed Oil Cake at the Mill, 141. 14s. to —l. Os. Pe r e - ,,ke, sand—New Rape Seed, 421. to 481. per Last —Rafe ;',4 - 81. Os. to —l. Os. per ton.—Tares, 9s. to 16s. per b um F HOPS. Essex Ne w e t s n s Kent x 1189P0111"1:00 LOS t 0 t tt t s 00 u . 1 0 ° 0 : 1 I Farnham.. 201 Os to 231 ,0 151.—Duty 90,0001. PRICE 0 New Ba!Ts. Kent Sussex Foreign.— 51 03 to tUI Os Foreign Pockets, 81. ti NEWGATE AND LEADENHALL MARKETS' By the Carcase. 55 4A Is 4d to 4s 4d Veal 4s oa Muttou 3s 3d to 4s 3d Pork ss 0 4 t o ° a . 04 Beef Lamb, 5s 4d to 63. id ST. JAMES'S HAY MARKET, Aug. 1 . iss 0 . 1 Hay 5l les Ott to 81 8s Od—Average, 61 gs 0 StJavV Clover Ol Os Od to 01 03 Od--AveragFf 01 WHITECHAPEL HAY MARKET. , 0 , oi, Hay 6t 6s Oil to 81 8s Od-Average, 7 1 Os OP, Nev ditto.. 01 Os od to 01 Os Od-Average, °` i 5. , 06 21 ' a , Straw 2l 12s Od to 21 IBs Od-Averae , Average , n i OS - Clover 9l Os od to 01 Os Od--Averag e f ' PRICE OF LEATHER. Or Butts, rx, to 56Ibs each Ditto, 56 to 661bs each per lb ......nd i t t : ... to il , 113E1 t° t ;ta Dressing Hides Fine Coach Hides iyid to . Crop Hides, 35 to 401bs for cutting . 9 id to to q 43 Ditto 45 to 501bs 24,0 Calf Skins.. 30 to 401bs 22 1 to ; 6 s ; Ditto 5O to 701bs 30d t° Ditto 7O to 301bs 30d to end Small Seals (Greenland) 23d to 7. to; D I Large ditto per dozen 705 i so Tanned Horse Hides •• • • , G d to 941 4 Spanish Horse Hides 244 t° RAW HIDES. eS 5 1 Best Heifers & Steers, per st. Ordinary .. ~ es Od to 4s al os 8(1 to ss 10d Market Calf .. each •' Os r Middlings Ss 4d to 2s 6d Eng. Horse 9s .0d to 1 SHEEP SKINS. 1 0° P011ed....1t0 i s gi Od to Octod Sbearlings Is 6- ad t 055 Downs oi od to os od 1 Lambs 3s . . ,, s: . PRICE OF RAW FAT, per Stone of 81b.--JUalidei As stated by the Tall.Melter..s. I As stated by the fig 0 1 4 St. James's Matitet .. 4s 9d 1 St. James's Market • 4s Whitecaapel Market 4s 81(1 Wlritechapel Marke l .ol . ri .---- Clare Market •• • " i ii average . ' 9s 9d Nerrg,ate Market • • " 9 1 Average ...• 45_ _____,-. 1 ' ___- o it PRICES. OF TALLOW, SOAP, &c. per 11 1 .• Town 823 Od —s od 1 Yellow Soap... • " • • Yellow Ruiiia 804 od —s Od I Mottled.. ...• • " i lk White ditto 76s Od —s 04! Cord ........... • Soap ditto.... 78s Od —s Od Palm .......... • • 4 05 t yi Melting Stuff 70s Od —s Od Graves ......... 0 Ditto itotigh.. 4(is od Od Good Dregs. •• • • ~ sl t . PRICE OF CANDLES, from Tallow Charll ers d.>" 7 Price of Candles, per dozen, 13s Gd—Moulds, 0 5° • . dozen allowed for ready money• ____ COAL MARKET, August 3. . r ice , 0 Ships at Marl;ct. Ships sold. , ‘ ,l to 43 1:0' 62 Newcastltr.' .4fii„...... 3.95. ..,-• 0 3;- 9 Sondurland 5 • . 3 25. 6di• to .....4*s 1 Stone Coal 1 Colin . 1 ...325. Ocl* - ...../ - i c, SE: __. ----- ---7-- -0 nigr: about 4 1 1,r T i s o m ( P I T , ci o A c T k , S a u n t c e r le a r . i — y i l u ' a e i s i t , e g rt e la n Y tee g i d tt r es i i : ed, Was observed walking in a dyspooditide ner at the sideOf theTharnes,near FOllli til i 0 ) r: and it being suspected that he rnedi"te,“ ti l t I P tempt on his lite, he was watched. In B t u : v ial e i r i i minutes after his arrival at the edge ef t :„' - ec liol i . be threw himself in ; assistance was in"7o4eoli given, and he seas taken oath in a s tate °,` I to , 1 0 1 bility. The usual means were resorte" vend I) in a short time he was sufficiently ree(oye„ll-10 give his name ; be stated that great peeun",ntr, barrassment was the cause of Ilia rash etten' life is despaired of. 4 of d BURGLARY AND RORBRRY.---Tlie 11011-60 e l s Teaster, Frost Farm, about five miles 0° 0 60 1 ) burn, was beset on Saturday night bYs ilc i s iod de i two of whom, to gain admittance, e °lllll d . beP 0 having been wearied with travelliOg, firi • g eo e t ti a draught of small beer, which %%Tor, „,,e-f, by A servant-maid, at the desire °f _i I :t e at/ 0 01)i The other foot: ill ,f' t h e gang rtlftheu;o.reoetek, anothf.r part or the house, and fQr°,eba 10t o ti parlour door, w hi c h M r . Teaster 00 ' dy' Id 1111 .( 01 They then proceeded to bind bin ) t r i t hee l 'i Or and, taking the mai:l-servant wit a . 0 0( ' ff 401 ' lacked the premises, and carried 0 . ' wards, besides some articles of plat e ' poeijf last, at Ba E ll l ia R na T • 1 1:: 11, Oa Saturd ay • Job° Esq. of a son. ,o Ballia[u•11:11,t~e wife of • John Dixie, oSaixtuier,diany,thtleleci4t-irnosatdn. lal,:tiprtsh:enablol:l::„lfdoblieff,ll.oo9ll-01.01, INe ( t ) A ry 's s , ,u H n tr ay ti , n 2 g d do iri n s s t li . ir a e t . n ' ampstead, MarisolleA• A , r e yo o n_t t l i g d the aughter li t tc; J o a f nu A a d ry nt , ir a a t l isdiStarsrl_aso.7 of the Hon. East India Company's .ef 07 d rot dens of Captain Hawkey, aged 44 ' late td D CP ,O II4 On the 14th inst. Mr. Francis SAndoluti.iend " 1 " 6 4430 11 /,' the ship Cochin, being on a visit to a z . 11 ., „, r 0 0-11 / t he t L s(del !r sran ,: tti, y .ipiiscp, r etiet: l atp u atti r ,.,e a lhudfi , e.o.za a nvd t: ett e lfrcti i : d ,ehrn e tz.s n emvi,./ : :o a stss l ac t cidentally nt fellsivaenoileytrelhvaoora:iridi ,1:51,00i. of f yle, °, h .,' fr o t slNce Letters, 4, r e, r .) f i n t p t N e eo d s t.l..)7ly;Ga'',:cal.sitz)Beoed.inut. ttCeubh4.::::111:711:.ir.:::_:::11.:To'il):::::::t. r4ll Or d 10tt..-street, Queen-square; an d r tr eets Ae oes , Onice, No. 112, Strand ; where Adv‘ dal ° ' i t 1 4 i