The Sun. — London, England, 1826-11-22 00:00:00

House s they Will not he on that Moderrite Neale which the tosigetn« cies and the necessities of the country require, that they should be. These propoeitionii should ha attended to in their progress through the House with the feeliugs of just jealousy, :which could not be called prejudices ; such am, in the preseut condition of the • country, •, were found 'to propose extravagant expellee, for what ever purpose, should . not he :carried—or, if carried, let it be with the unanimous and loudly expressed ((Thugs of the people's re, probation.—(Hear, hear, hear).--Distrese, it was admitted by all, pervaded all -dames of this oommunity-s-not one, class or des eeription , of person* throughout the colur) , could claim , so exemp tion from it—the inanufactiiring, farming, commercial interests, all felt the severity of its , pressure. It was idle to attribute that distress to ineaseree of, recent :adoption . by this fleueeseeineasurist which were„totally and necessarily distinct from many of the causes of that distress, and which, so ter front aggravating it, it is my sincere conviction materially alleviated and mitigated it. But be•thessoises what they may, which are, in my mind, dif a ferent from what the alarmed situations of some persons represent them to be, and are, in many instances, such as no legislative enact ment could effect or comroul ; yet the point on which all must or ought to agree is, that the people have a right to the retrench ment of all noxious taxee—to the cutting down of estimates to the lowest possible scale. They should_ tell you that they have that right••aye..-they should mike you feel, that .they not only have a right to dtinaud, but that you have-a duty to perform. They will call) upon you to cut down every shilling that you can possibly cut down of your naval, of your military, of your civil expenditure. They will demand that not one farthing of the hard-wrung taxation that is levied upon them shall be ex pended beyond what unavoidable necessity alone can justify. Then, and then only, will they be satisfied. If you can give them substantial relief, the people have a right to receive it. If you cannot give it them—if the utmost extent of the measures which you may have it in your power to adopt, will fail of affording that sultetential relief to the • people which they are - titled to demand of you to endea vour to : give you may indeed tremble at the conesquences which may possibly ensue, but, at least, you will give the people the satisfaction of knowing, that while they are suffering under an almost unbearable pressure, you are not maintaining a tuitional expenditure, which is at ones use less, extravagant, and insulting..--4 Hear, hear, hear !)—Talk of palaces indeed ! Talk of new palaces at such a moment at the the ! Talk of architectural beauty and. magnificence , w h en the people ate in a stem approaching to starvation ! If you have the feelings which you ought to have—if you have the feelings of an English Hones of Commous—if you have the feelings of the men who have sat in, this place before you—if you have the feel intro, the possession of which alone make it safe and sure that you wall roodiriiii , to sit here yout i e fe s e.....you will declare_that, while the people are undergoing the euffermge which they at present endure, the fairest And most becoming ornament of the country, That which would exhibit the purest taste, architecturally and po litically, woold he, not new and splendid, but dilapidated and un „finished palacee.—(lleim)—At whatever risk of giving dissatis faction, in whatever quarter, and to whatever discussion what I 'have said may give rise, such are the se ntimems which on this, the title night of the first Session of a New Parliament, I have felt it to he my Imunden duty to express. I have felt • it to be my bounden ditty not to allow this occasion to pats, without avowing nay decided conviction, that under the alarming circumstance in which the whole empire is placed, there are but two courses fur Parliament to pursue--first, that of tranquillizing Ireland by doing her Justice ; and, secondly, that of keeping Eng laud peaceable by every 'weedily reduction of the public expenili iure,—(Hear, hear, hear.) Mr. Secretary CANNING--I em really, Sir, somewhat at a loss to know what the Honourable and Learned Gentleman requires, when he speaks of the barrenuese of information in the Speech from the Throne, and of the necessity of amplification under which, as he says, the lion. Mover and Seconder of the Ad dress felt themselves in consequeme. Nor eau I exactly under• stand the justice of the complaint which we have heard in such loud intenatiouti froth the Hon. and Learned Geatleman with re spect to the direontinuanee of the ancient usage of communicating the intended contents of the Royal Speed' on the slay before its delivery from the Throne. f undoubtedly recollect, that during the early period of toy experience hi Pullmans it was the "- tom, the night before the commencenteot of a Session, to read to such Members as might think proper to assemble to hear it that Speech with which time King's Ministers had advised his Mis jeety to open the 'Session. Various ineouvotierwee, however, which resulted frion that practice, boric long occasioned its die , oteitinutowe ; tins can I NOW understand the tendency of the etina plaint mimetic by'the anti Learned Gentleman ; nor conjecture u ; list. adventage would have been derived from bringing the Speeelr peemz+turely before the public. Lot it also Sir, be slieflfilleted, th a t, w i t :: the dim!ttititinl4llt4ti sit' a onion niestion 1)f FLO 100040 Spitech, a few' boors before Its delivery, ties grown imp another custom, w ho, sn ot materially counteract any evil, if evil there he, resulting from suci r i diastinsintance ; namely, that it is siow usual to irmiert in the speech Any pa l ssages which may call in the Address for any pledge by the House of precise course which they may deem it expedient to adopt ; ,and, tisrrefore, that, in the present days, the Speeds requires nothing,in the Address beyond an ordinary and courteous reciprocation of good elipoitions• time lion. and Learned Gentleman thinks tliere,is any thing in the Address which will prechule any lion. Gentleman who seas atom to it .from,taking : whatever Parliamentery course he may deem most advisable, with respect to any of the impoimitt guess titans that may come under dixemision, he Opposes it on fait and intelligible g rounds. But, it is notorious that that is not the ,csiee; mei that on this, the first day of time first session of a new Pm ibament, no attempt whatever has been mule to pledge beforehand , those who may tumor in the Address to the support of any measures, which his Majesty's Minietete may think it their ditty to propose or advocate. There really never WAS n speech from the throne. Which, in compliance with the modern usage to . which I have been adverting, less distinctly called for any such pledge than the speech which is now under o u r consideration. The truth is, Sir, that Parliament has been assembled at the present season, winch, ,especielly since the Union, .is undoubtedly a very 'lO4l - period of tho.year, nut Cyr the purpoite of precipitating any of those lthnortattt discuatioue which require the fullest at tendance and the, snot patient deliberof4on, hut because, in de,- fwiee of thee laws . and of they. Gmetitution of time Country, it has been thought tight to stall Parlianwet together to proyishs an in demnity for hie Majesty's Goecrionent in consequence of sass, stints .by which, although under what , appeared to them to be great told mom tieetesity, they yiuleted dame laws, and that Constitutimi, It is true, Sir, that without offering any Very great insult to the laws or to the Constitution, and that withont any very asttrevitgant stretch of Rine! Prerogative, thitnweting of Portia- UV"; /4.1 .10 t, perhaps, hi this inetanee, have been deferred. But although his Majesty's Ministers felt the postponement might iri two, case L'as't taken Oise :without any ,great impropriety, they also felt that the . preeellent of postponement utighthenniellievous. Although they felt Assure of the approbation of Parliament for the step which they took as men calm .1.4 who Are COOStiOnS that they only did that to, wisieli they were prompted by en over.rul- Mg necessity, they also felt that they should,have been wanting in ditty to the King, and in reaper to the .Coustitution, if they did not advise his Majesty to summon Varlianunit expressly for the purpose of panting judginesit on the extent of the Amway- to which they SOlOglittA, and on the grandness of the etloo which they had exercieed—( Hear, hear, ,hear.) —On discisiee, Sias mooch aw I have reason, in common with the House at large, to admire the 'speech of the Honourable Seconder of the Address, and much as I have reawrin to lie personally thankful to time Hon. Gentlemen hit many of the sentiments which WI so ably express ed, ',cannot say that .I shall be diepeeed to claim the approbetiou /tithe House ois the : grounds touted by tar Hon. Friend. I anoi very fur from thinklug that that is the best possible state of the l aw on this importwit queetica4 which requires this occasional and irregular inteireition sat Ids Majesty's Governmeut, I ant the last man ht this iglu*" to argue. that such a condition of the law is des i ra bl e; (Cr it may lie remembered, that among the motive* which were urged by lee towartle the eouchosion, of the last .Session of Parliament to imitate the Meow to . agree to the, Bill for the introduction of flonthel Wt, was time ex poueney diminishing as Muth au possible the necessity for the ermer. else of any diemetion on the sublets no the p ar t ( „f hi s majesty,,,,, (30rannten t. The object , thole( , se ! which t'Ve , )14w, in view in the proposed M id eusu, Indemnity, us not to I bation of Parliameet of any gener , istt tt, toe ap pro pertteuler sanction fii r a particular ul 4 ‘ 1414 ' aribaug Isoneari evi dentvssity. ift leolOrrOrs the and nnavoidable net- ~ • s .; hlest. and • Learned Gentleman whit!, lair.:eotiltattliletiseoltosrtheirtwybeizeseittliris 717. CiAitart any direct intitrtat . w, respect to a , saiN. , jesty's Ministers' inteotion tO P,0 11 " a ..... 0 . 11 Inft • , Asaxc of s large Par° tat tit,: which at present agitates I 114! 's t i; fissi w h en personally itemise community, lie will perhapsmutt " a d ~s s. ;011 after our next him and the HOW, that at a very e t Oil tiosuart if his 111a4u4 's ti""ro meeting I be preefatas - . • s •,1 to the Cora lea:we. luta, to pro ps, * such wai_arsureefewcwitit retgoati eiliatory towarde all the great hit:musts au , e 0 . 144 4 lewd., s i r, i t he times of the quesstions—( Has, heart hear.), 4ispos id oii "1' iTh "illi°l4 will he Lien l e i ° n un ti ti me Y :le ' tT rdn'tei: ve xur shell he thou/0 that his Majesity's Minister° if" the tuyees tai elnirst from Rio wittiest; Awl I again Pledge ks, .14411 ... v . of hie Majeety't Government, that toas t y wee ., d °liaise after our meeting again, before I will bring ur", r _ cunsiteratiou of the Meow. Such beingehe ssaffei trust t i l u t shall a ot .h, cmisidered as .aav i ng anyt hi ng tlissopecttui to the tioao's *en Ideciare that I will trot be provoked into any pro Ilatu r c P 44141 diteussion of a question which demands the "lest full and deliberate consideration. The Hon. and Learned Gen tleman has said, that the Hon. Seconder of the Address, in advert ing to that' passage, of the King's Speech which declares, "that the Estimates for the ensuing year shall be formed with as much attention to economy as the exigencies of the public service will admit," appeared to entertain au alarm that the economy alluded. to would` be excessive, while, mile other hand, lie himself was exceedingly apprehensive that it would, fall infinitely short of what wee. reqUisite, • Really, Sir, we ought to feel some satisfac, tion at having framed a paragraph with such skill as to excite opiniens su contradictory.—(A laugh).—The Honourable and Learned Gentleman, however, says that it is an indefinite. In definite it necessarily must be, unless it bad been practicable to introduce details; but I do assure the Honourable and Learned Gentleman, that the most extravagant. construction which. his powerful imagination can put on the apprehension of the Honour able Seconder of the Address, is not more 'extravagant than the antagonist apprehension which the Honourable and Learned Gentlethan himself professes to entertain. The Honourable and Learned Gentleman appears to have " some monster in his thought" the nature of which ,it is impossible for me to conjecture. All I can say is, that there in nothing in the eon temnlation of his Majesty's Ministers which can justify the Hon. and Learned Gentleman's alarm at that, whatever it may be, for which, having no place in his Majesty's speech, the H on , and Learned Gentleman imagines a place elsewhere. {Mr. Brougham' said something across the Table which we were unable to liear.]-L--Then really, Sir, the Honourable and Learned Gentleman has thrown a greet deal of very good into nation away (a laugh.)-:-I NllOlll4 be glad to know on what ter me his Majesty's Government could secure themselves from the imputation of criminal e*pence, ,on , the part of the Honourable anti Learned Gentleman. I grant, Sir, that if the Honourable and Learned Gentleman thinks we ought, on the spur of a tem pory benefit, - to cut down and' exchange all the existing esta blishments of the Country, I grant that if that is the Honour able and Learned Gentleman's projeet, no such thing is in our intention; nor I ant sure would any such proceeding receive the sanction of this lionise, nor even of the pepple at large, whom it professed to benefit. The Honourable and Learned' Gentleman thiuks that the best accompaniment and consolation to a suffer ing people is the suspension of all public buildings.. I am of a contrary opinion. I think that a continuant* of public works must he available to their relief. To Inv it appears that, if people want bread, it is a strange remedy for their distrese, to suspend the employment by which alone they can procure it. While the character of this country remains what it is, the decent splendour of the Crown, and the comfort of the people will never be consi dered incompatible objects : the dignity of high stations will not be regarded with an envious eye ; nor will one class of the com munity find any consolation for their own evils in pulling down another. Not apprehending that any such disposition exists in any part of the public, I can assure the honourable and Learned Gentleman, that it is not the intention of his Majesty's Govern ment to carry economy to such an extent as to induce that public to turn round and charge ue with going into an extreme. The Honourable and Learned' Gentleman is dissatisfied With the decla ration in the Speech, that the Estimates shall be farmed with as much attention to economy as the exigencies of the public service will permit. Does the Honourable "and Learned Gentleman sup pose that there are no exigencies in the public service? Has this country no station to maintain? Is nothing required from us towards the maintenance of tranquillity in Europe? May we tint it a moderate charge, preVent the occurrence of an evil which, in a single tweleeinonth, would plunge us into an ex pence• greater than an ill judged economy would balance in a course of 'years ? His' Majesty says in his Speech, " that he is ex erting'himself with unremitting anxiety, either singly, or in con junction with his Allies, as well to arrest the progress of existing hostilities, as to prevent the interruption of peace in different parts of the world." Mee the Honourable and Learned 'Gentleman be lie* that, in order to effect this object, it is not necessary to main, thin a considerable naval establishment? If we look at the New World, are there not contests going on which humanity requires should be put an end to? In Europe have we not an ally whose condithin solicits our aid ; sit ally in such a situation, that any lie. , sitatiud or fluctuation of policy, on our part, might invite an at.. tack upon her? ,May not our presence on the spot prevent an ag gression on the power to which I allude? Is not the English fleet now in the Tagus, ail obviously Wise and economical expence? Will it not be advisehle to continue that expence, if it is calculated to prevent an explosion s the consequences of which no one can fore see? Do not let it he supposed, by my adopting this illustration of the ireeeesity of a certain establishment, that the policy of his Ma jedy's (lasi/no - tent would be to meddle with the internal affairs o f tak e r eountrleri, 1 trust we know the 'Litwin; of our duty too well. It is our dirty to take care that time frontiers of Portugal shall not he crossed by an offensive twiny ; Lot it is not our duty to) give one faction or party an ascendancy over time I rest. Th. , force which we maintain at Lisbon therefore - is maintaiued, pot with any view of interfering in the internal affairs of Portugal ; not with any view of intimidating any party in POrtUgal ; but simply with a view to prevent such acts of fo reign hostility av in their\consermencee might involve Europe in war, It is on that `ground, Sir, that I take our conduct towards Portugal as an illitetratien of the wisdoin and necessity of main. taining certain ceetablish 111VIL t S ; and I challenge the Honourable anti Learned Gentleman, who desirea us to cut down all our ast A tblishments, to pat his hand at this moment on any dour e utabr i aliVorits as unnecessary, in which I will not show that there are the ,deeds of Safety ; in which. I will not show that there are the roots of t well ordered, a well-regtilated, and a per manent ktonomy. That is got settee in Whieh the Speech ad verts to possible exigencies of the iniqic service. There is no intention tinder that name to, shelter any 4 these extravagant yeopositions, the probability of which the Hon. and Learned Gentleman appeere to eontemplate. there is no part of the po li c y no w proof by One country dependent on the establish mente of the,country which I am pot ready to go through, point by point, and show the wail efficacy and ultimate economy of the establishment which we trutintain with reference to it ; and that, Sir, as! conceive, is tye only posethie unmet which i can give to the ennjectures of t h e Honourable and Leamed cientleman. With regard, to the condition of Ireland, I shall only observe that the absence nt' any topic in the Speech from the Throne doer not at all irreehole Parliament fFoul entertaining the coneideration of that topic, if it almopid think fa a 9 to do. The Speech states those points alone, respecting witidi at is intended by his Ma jesty's Government to call on Parliament to adopt aunts proceed ing, It is not our intention at present to bring before Parliament any specific measure respecting Ireland; hut that will not pre vent any intlivlduel Member from- agitating the subject. I w ill not, howeveri t.ee ipropted, by what bee fallen front the Ho nourable and Learned Gentlerrian, to say another word about it. The Honeurahle and Learned Gentleman knoWs as well as I do, rind.l know as well as the Honourable and Learned Gentle man knows, that if in the course Of the , Seescion, the question to which I allude, should come tinder,. our ecinsideration; I shall be ready to meet—toot the Hon. and Learned Gentleman, fur our opinions on the question agree,---but the question itself, as I always have met it, with the most anxious and' determined 'at tention. Sir, not having been obhe exactly tt, understand the of therable atul Learned OrnitJeman'e reeti ch, but purpose • Honou understanding that he does pot mean to object.to the Address, I have perhaps said enough etc the present occasion; bet t cannot sit down without congratulating the !loose on the accession of ta n gents which they have gained in the Honourable Member who opened the debate of to-night. I trust, from the promising com mencement .of that Honourable Member's Parliamentary career, that lie will not nentlkne Himself to Allis or to any particular subject, but that he will illustrate by the display o f his abilities the venom+ important queitions which fomr % dine to time come u nder o ur con , that se far - from my e id er ation. I may' also be allowed Ito feeling the part Whielr the Ilonomalde Mover, an d the Honotnable Seconder ,Of the Address have taken this; night the lealt aceeptable, depend upon their own judgments o n the sub j ects which may come in conaequewe,4 their declerations that they weredete rodned to , under their consideration,that'they wonld endeavour to keep their minds free from prejudice and span is COOVietioll ; and that tliey were resolved taemix a general support of the Majesty's Govert ment with a general spirit of independence ; experience i t ; use, time most bo ttom whoni We hope for the !poet benefic ial, lieu % grPitteit pleasure hearing the statement. Snell aee the mm tie pourable, ant; and it is only with armful:enaliti cat i on e, and under mil restriction*, tin* hie Majesty', Govertintept Will ask the sup port of any man. who now a * this Howe for the f i rst (ileer, hear, hear.) ' Mr. BROUGHAM, in explanation, deans that he had tiny psi t f i e See the Eetimates reduced beloW what' the erigeneres , - el the leryice wintld permit. ktr. HUME rose but the noise in the Howse' was so great that we wsts_. , far tannetinie, :enable accurately to collect the ten denc y of the lions Cintlernan's nbservations, He reprobated the indie. Position epsilon - Ale * eillibited, nn the art of his Majesty' s Go vernment, to dimmie pint the Nasal, Military, and Civil establish "tionts. ItVitir w they had expressed any in en here' tl t ran to (.10 'so; l thOt eets sari not reseinbled their' declarations, If tae o,lu Seconderf 4 I fr in I) t o "leo would read .the Speech kern the - hrenty 1-aliment rtheta the' burden,: ofthe peopl; 4 fikiajo it an unequivocal recommendation t o A • lit nee& - not c:ineAsio a',;,ri fora that retrench ment SYO4I lit earyied to ton greata:length '`; ferity referring to the and the result eruld show th at i n timate!, Abe Hair tlentlelu a n would find that they cettkoni (44 increaatog thrift 1 144t.t5 , fits present moment. As to the 'neces sity of maintaining Catabhonmentp yiith a view to Wendt the corv• duet of Fore i g n Powers, what 61111 be the benefit of interfering with other states if by that interference our own population Were to he loaded with intolerable burdens? What was the object of all good Government? To make -the greater number of the people happy; to give them every enjoyment, consistent with their own seatrity- Was: the House to be told'hy the Right Bon. Gentle.; man, that , because our intet*rente in the Oahu of Portugal might or might not be incidentally beneficial, Government were warranted in keeping up our present immense establishments? If it were fitting to keep them up, let not the Right Honour able Gentleman postpone his explanation ; declaring that, he could Mat say when he would make it, nor what he would state. The present was the proper time. The prospects were most gloomy to the merchant, to the agriculturist, and to the manufac turer, whilst in all those branches-of industry the labourers were placedin situations of hopeless wretchedness. Every ,possible' re lief ought to be afforded to people so situated. Was the House to be set aside from this subject, by a declaration made by the. Right Hon. Gentlernan, that there could not be' any redUctione made from the burthens of the people? They had Made' no allusion to any relief froM taxation in the present instance, and his experience taught Lim not to expect any. The Government seemed to think that the 'difficulties were . partial and temporary ; so far &Orli being of this opinion, he had every reason to believe that 'the distresses were general, .deep-rooted, and perManent. He would therefore ask, if it were not fit that the Mute should proceed; without de lay, to inquire into the subject, and to duly consider the important points connected with it. lie did not complain of any one thing stated in the Speech ; on the contrary, all he com plained of was, what it did not contain—the omissions. He would not quarrel with one single expression that fell 'from the Honourable Gentleman who moved the Address, but he would enter his protest against the doctrine, that the late war in India tould not have been avoided. Ifs maintained, that with only a little moderation, the war might have been altoge ther escaped, for we were both the invaders and the aggressors. lie would now request the attention of the House to a most im portant fact. We had now for eleven years of peace been sup porting a full war establishment; we were keeping 'up a large standing army, unequalled in any former period of our history. Our military establishment was much larger than the military force maintained even during the American War, which was con sidered a war of great extravagance. He wished the House to proceed, without any unnecessary delay, to the examination and revision of every one of those public establishinents, which the Right Hon. Gentlersoin (Mr. Canning) said he would be able to defend. When multitudes were wanting breed, it was not, to say the least, very courteous in the Government to put off the consi deration of the complaints of the sufferers-to an indefinite period. If Gentlemen would revert to the proceedings of list Parliament, they might recollect the anticipations that were held out by the Opposition, that by a continued reduction of each bead of taxes, they should find the country after a peace of ten years prepared, in , case of necessity, to . vindicate its character, and to defend its rights against all aggression: It was then alleged, that by continuing our war establishments in times of peace, we eventually should not be able to act with independence in our fo reign relations. That period had now arrived—we were not at this moment in a situation to treat foreign insults as we ought to have done. It might appear to the Right Hon. Gentleman a mere trifle, that Government only exacted, at the present mo ment, ten millions for the Army, or that' the aggregate deMand upon the country was 59 millions a year. Let him look back, and conceive the situation in which the country was placed by his re fusing to make those reductions which ought to have been made, in the year 1817, agreeably to the recommendation of the Fi nance Committee. By this retrospect, he will at once see what great • and important services he could have rendered to his coun try, had he stopped the lavish expenditure then going on. In the last nine years, the amount of taxes had been enormous. • From 1817 to 1825, the tax-gatherer had collected not less than 531,000,0001. sterling, or, on an average, 59,000/. a year was taken from the productive industry of the country. One hundred and forty-two millions had been paid to what was called the Peace Establishment of the country. To his mind, the cause of all the dis tresses of the country was so evident, that he was surprised that that 'class, whose property must so materially suffer (the Agricultural Class), did not see that this taxation was the canker-worm—the evil that undermined their property. The extravagant expenditure of which he complained had not been confined to the Army and Navy. The Civil Establishments had averaged more than 26,000,0001. ; whilst our debt, on an average, had increased by three millions a-year. It was very fortunate, however, that the annual burthen of our debt had been lessened by 51,000,0001. a year, although thia bad been effected by a reduction of the'rate of interest. • The House was aware of the general outcry upon this subject. It might to consider whether Parliament, in its first Address to the Crown, should not declare, and manfully pledge itself to, a scrupulous examination of Alt the public captures. (loud Crud, what a situation did the • country occupy !.He would ask any Honourable Member of that Home to name the country where privation, distress and positive star vation of the people were equal to those which at the pre sent moment pressed upon the population of this empire. The evil had arrived to such a magnitude that it endangered the very existence of society. However exemplary the conduct of the people had been under the cruel circumstances into which they had been thrown, it was impossible for the evil to continue mirth longer. Would Government expect the people to lie down and, starve? Ile would say, that taxation was not reduced, and that the public establishments were even increased. his would state one instance. The great war expenditure was in the army, navy," and ordnance. A reference to the papers on the table of the llouse,- would show that these heads of expenditure were brought to the lowest.pitch in 1822, agreeably to the wish of the. House, aud the Address to the Throne. In that year, 1822, the army; navy, and ordnance, amounted to 16 millions in round number*. In 18211, - when they had a Speech stating to the House that great reductions would be made in the estimates—in that very year those'eetimatea were increased by a half million sterling. In the following year, these estimates were raised to 17,500,00 W. In 1825, the same amount was continued ; and in the present year, those very estimates that, in 1822, amounted to only 16 millions; are no less than 1'7,800,0001., being an increase to an amount which ought to induce the House not to let the present mos mut pass, without expressing :their opinion that it. was by taxation that the present evils have been brought on. An Hon. Friend on his left WAS frequently introducing the sub ject of the currency to the Reuse. He would ask that Rom Gentleman, and the Country' Gentlemen at large, who it was that had to bear the load of this continued taxation ? Let them compare the relative situations of England in 1817 and 4818, after the termination of the war, when their property was of high Value, in relation to the currency. Ile would ask these Country Gentlemen whether, now that the curs rency is raised in value by 25 per eent., they are able' to pay the scone amount of taxation which they before paid ? 'Ha would beg these Gentlemen to consider the manner in which they have to discharge their obligations. In 1817, , the amount of taxation migift be estimated to equal 15,000,000 quarters of corn. They are now called upon to pay 17,000,000 quarters. The actual difference is at least i,f,pp,ppp gparters, and which is to lie paid for taxes, in ,many ewe quite unnecessary end extravagant. He would advise Country Gentlemen to look well to their situation when they settle their accounts at the end of the yeer, they will find themselves much worm off than at the end of former years. Was there a man in that House who could say that the situation .of agricultural labourers was to he envied, in comparison to that of rather classes. Every class and interest was suffering, and such deep anti general evil enuld not depend, as was pretended, upon a !lgid cause. The *twee of the evil was deeply rooted. This was a pe n a la y nt s ittr p e r r, e to be aetaalinted for only by taxation. There wan not a merchant, nihilated. his should again repeat that, if A-Roisters were not profit" were reduced, if not totally an, able to give relief to the country, they ought at once to say se..-‘. 07attagriculturist, could deny that pto. They wished to get over the evil day, and leave the result to the el'agokf actidertts. With respect to our foreign relation*, Eng.. land had no .boaittriis to meddle with foreign countries ; she had enough to do with her awn affeirs. The people would not bear to be taxed so - euurluoudy to pursue the present line of foreign po licy. With respect to Portugal, the House would pot dp its duty if it proceeded without inquiry, whether tacit conduct ought to be panned. Helena in Government a disposition to render the mi litary poWer WO paramount in England. The institutions of the country were MI shit , but th e military were tampering with the civil power. lie spoke net a A ny ioilividnale, but of the system generally Ministers had thonght proper 'W11441140440 the couiVol that there existed no prospect or apprehensions of a war ; if this were sa, what necessity was there to keep up a gaining, army 0f86,000 men ? If the Foreign Secretary would direet his agents at each foreign port to tend him an aka:allot of the papule.. thin end taxes of the country in which lie rettilled, he would - find that England stead uneo a n e il iu amount • of taxation,' Ey ery English person, man, ,‘"vama,,, arul ehild, pays at this rate of Bi. Ithn a bead in taxes, The rental of England was estimated . at 40,00 0 , 0001 .i' and snore than the rental by one half Was extraited frear the people. ile would note advert to the corn laws. The s t er e.basi promised to meet title subject, and the plan they now pro- Po" was trilling With th e p eople ; it was 'equally an di ; stilt to those who supported soil those who , 0 4, 05 e1l the corn laWa. if the Cnin, Laws ought not to he tuaintaina, What cause ja.4 _ j b.z MOT!' proper than the pres e nt to a lter them I every inin'in tagletot looked for that alteration oat the present conjtincture There was another allijeet- on whieh he bad 'wished to expatiate. There hit 61 iniat, to 1,,, ve been a Statement from the Throne, recommending a revision of the whole of tic Ora Lew. At present, the prilteAs of 1011 WAS tridlefig, UMW, erptakive, sad most uncertain. Its evils had never been exceeded. Could any country in Europe sit down content under such a state of civil law ? The criminal had been by every body condemned u severe be yond reason, and in every respect improper to exist in a Christian country. One other topic, and he should have done. He meant the state of Ireland. Any man, looking round him, anxious to select that place upon the globe most subject to misgovernment, would, at once, select Ireland as the unhappy spot. While the present system was pursued it was impossible that the people of that country could obtain a full and equal share of those rights to which, as British subjects, they were entitled. Minister had not, on the present occasion, advised his Majesty to recommend a single measure, even of enquiry, into the present state of, Ireland. Was it to be tolerated, that England should be obliged to keep an army of 22,000 men continually in Ireland, in order to govern - and keey her down in the situation of a conquered state? This army too, be it remembered, was paid and supported by England. Why not at once take away 15,000 of these 22,000 men ? , He maintained, that if all the branches of unnecessary expenditure in Ireland were cut off, a saving of no less than three millions would be made. Ireland might then be made a profit, instead of being not only a mill-stone round our neek.4 at present, but a check and impedi- . nient hereafter.—(Hear, hear. )—The people of Ireland were led to expect this, from whit took place in the last Parliament; and he implored the House not to let their expectations be disappoint ed. Let them not go on experiencing delay after delay, until the bitterness of hope deferred should drive them to the *my of despair.—(Hear, hear.)—He cautioned his Majesty's Govern ment not to go too far in neglecting the complaints of that mis governed country, but at once to come boldly forward, and grant to' them those rights which the Conotitution bestowed equally upon all British subjects. By doing this, they would prevent England from being any longer the shame and the scoff of Eu rope. Where, said all the other Europeans, is the boasted free dom and equality of England ? How dares she to hold herself up as a free and generous Nation, while she denies to Ireland a large part of her " United Kingdom," an equal participation in her rights and privileges.—(Hear, hear.)?--It was the duty of Parliament to call upon Ministers not to delay a single hour thti removal of, this foul injustice to Ireland, and of this blot upon the English character.--(Hear, hear, hear.)—The Right Honourable Gentleman had talked of the commanding posi tion to which we had attained, and in which we were maintained by our present enormous standing army ; but, gracious God ! were famine in some parts of the country, and anarchy iu others, the price at which' we were to attain this commanding pre eminence? Let Government place England and Ireland upon the same footing, and then they Might secure the co-operation of some of the boldest and warmest hearts in the country. As there was nothing in the Address to which, as far as it went, he had any objection, he should, with the leave of the House, move that the following Resolutions be tacked to it, by way of addition, in stead of moving them as an Amendment, and thereby excluding the Address altogether. The Hon. Member then read the follow ing Resolutions : " That we rejoice with his Majesty in the happy understand ing that subsists between his Majesty and Foreign Powers ; and confide in the continuance of a peace which it promises for many years'to be the interest both of the Sovereigns and the Nations to maintain. And we the snore rejoice in this state of public affairs, because it takes' away all ground and pretext for maintaining a large standing army, which we cannot help regarding with ex treme jealousy, as being contrary to the spirit of our Institutions. " That we should ill discharge the duty we owe to his Ma jesty, if we did not direct his most serious attention to the present condition of his faithful people, which we are hound to represent as one of grievous suffering and privation, unequsdled, perhaps, in this country; and as inconsistent with its peace as with its happi ness and prosperity. " That the situation of the country, with an embarrassed trade, a greatly declining revenue, and an enormous debt, does not warrant the longer continuance of the expence at present incurred in the support of the Pensions, Sinecures, and the different Establish ments of his Majesty's Government. " That we most respectfully represent to his Majesty, that an excessive taxation, disproportionate to the reduced value of pro perty, and to the diminished return for the capital employed in the land, in manufactures, and in commerce, is a principal cause of the existing distresses ; and in order to relieve his Majesty's loyal, peaceable, and suffering people, his faithful Commons will proceed immediately to the examination and revision of every Establish ment at home and abroad, from the highest to the lowest, with the view of effecting the largest possible reductions consistent with the security of the Commonwealth. " To assure his Majesty, that we fully appreciate the progress made by the late Parliament, in removing the restrictions on Trade and Commerce. But we at the same tune ileeply lament that his Majesty has MA lien adVitit,4l to .:all our 'immediate attention to tine repeal of those injurious Laws, which 'prevent a Free Trade in Corn, so essentially necessary to the sustenance and comfort of the People, and to the prosperity of the State ; and to assure his Ma jesty, that we will proceed, without the least delay, to the consi deration of that most important subject. To congratulate his Majesty on the progress made in the last Parliament," in the revision of the Civil and Criminal Laws, and to assure his Majesty that this House will assiduously direct their attention to the further correction of the severity of the Criminal Laws, and to the revision of a system in which a great degree of uncertainty exists as to men's rights, and under which justice can only be obtained at an enormous expense, and with vexatious delay. " To express to his Majesty the necessity of our taking into early coissideration the Constitution of this House, with a view of rendering it what it ought to be—the real representative of the people, instead of its being, as at present, to a considerable ex-, tent, the representative ;of partial interests, and of a compare tisi,ely small number of individuals. " To express to his Majesty our regret that his Majesty has not bets advised to recommend the state of Ireland to the consi deration of this House ; and to assure his Majesty, that of all the subjects of our deepest interest, there is none we have more at heart than the oppressed and alarming condition of the Irish nit iinn. Excluded from their rights as Britith subjects, for no other crime than an adherence to the worship of their fathers, their feelingis are excited and exasperated; and, while the majority of the people are stigmatised and degraded for their religion, the nation enjoys neither mutual confidence nor domestic quiet; and must- continue in a state of disaffection, discord, and anarchy, until theirgrievances are redressed. " That your faithful Commons further regard with the most . serious apprehensi on , th e cont i nuance of a pol i cy wh i ch prod's** in the Irish people a feeling o f h os tili ty t o t h e English Govern ment, inconsistent with that unity of interest which should subsist in'an united Kingdom ; and this House will, therefore, take into immediate consideration the best means for Speedily redressing their grievances, as the only effectual 'mode of conciliating their affec tions, and inseparably cementing the union of the two countries," " To' thank his Majesty for having been graciously pleased to call Parliament together at this early period, that with these im portant labours and duties in eOnteMplation, we may have tinge to make the requisite inquiries into all the estimates before the usual time of voting the 'supplies of the year." Mr. MARSHALL (of Yorkshire) said, it was not his wish to trespass at much length upon the time of the House, but he begged their attention while he,atlverted shortly to the great distress which prevailed in that part of the country in which lie lived.—(Hear, hear.)--,WWlad now been for a considerable period in the enjoy ment of a profound peace ; and yet in his own neighbourhood (that of Leeds) the working classes were reduced to the most un equalled suffering. He was sure he was expressing the. ahnost unenimous opinion of the great County which lie represented, when he urged the immediate attention of Parliatnent to the press. ing distresses under which the manufacturing districts laboured.— (Hear, bear.)--Ile begged to second the m otion. The original Address, together with the: addition of the Hon itletnbe r A t i b A r: i n t t i r , use y r , ose b nihavi — he:n and pot by the Speaker, taut Members leaving their placer, prevented him r r i e ::":: n m e e l d i be y b il f : r g t : h t n e l t le n fi d 4 rs i t s l . t . heard. The 'lnn. Alember went on , to express his regret at finding, by the King's,Speech, thta:::::118a or nCevnoph:lmli: ised his Majesty to recommend any inquiry MU' , trews admitted to exist in the coulltrY. it indeed been stated by the night trotionr;ilil.. that it Was the intention of 'Ministers to pro Po w, a l'ennane"t law with res pect to the inti,aluetion Of Con. lie had fieely offered to give his hes't support Oct tlie buelt fixed ilnties as would allow a free import 1101 export ln,bicet to tliaw duties ? But then, he ask e d the Itigltt I 10,.10i rid& CitelltiernaTl (Alr. Ihiskisson); why s iii . lidarei ; ail i teete)otttrcte i o d oo‘trv i iiiiriclf:.ol.l.llßgriniaenglothlind..t f,, tn yi w ; . n ot I e int en ti on to do M, now was „, d u i; 1[01k:W; 1 !Y/ wits it not so stated e n.,t, ID: would ask, did that Speech WORM the words of his Hun. and Learned OW. , Jig It pledged the titillw tO --notiiiog. It pltalged iqinistersto— no thi ug _ t liear, b e sr,hear.) The oppressed state of Ireland he conceive(' to he a subject coiling ff ult itoroediate and serious consideration. With respect to the King's Sperch, lie firmly believed that there never was n Speech from the Throne, liss likely ro le:el the people to antici.,. p a te any ronedy for the distresses nod,' V‘141(41 they labOured. To come back again to his original position—the only real relief t al t o b l e be u m n aff n os e n t e r , es jea p s r a os r t y p o M th ex ous e pe e n e d ;a: tri u te re o lir f: s a b n i Y .eit a . t it i u o red i n s is t li e : . ff tl a ° i n rs: o r w a ta r t m ed at; u u e n ct h n. In 'necessary was it,' then, in a period of distress like the ionin p o r id e! would, in a few days, sent ? If the original Address was carried, no doubt Par liament. ere ,w ly hi ta ch lting w e ol gra lid granter of su p b e ni rl i aa tt illO to ,oo th o e , i o n oo a / t . be adjourned over the lioli doialys,t—heMl'i....l:tiimter*atenis, a future period.' But if they carried the proposed Resolu tions of .his Hon. Friend (Mr. Hume) then they might go ou .sitting, and thus they would have plenty, of time to examine .the Estimates minutely before they granted a single vote. He did not wish to detain. the House further than by expressing . his cordial co-operation in the motion of his Hon. Friend. Mr. DAWSON (ef Louth) and Sir FRANCIS BURDETT rose together, but the former baying first caught the Speaker's eye, the latter gave way. Mr. DAWSON said, that as an Irish Member, speaking from his own experience of the suite of Ireland, he could net but most sensibly deplore the measures which were at present followed with regard to that country. He sympathised with the feelings of the Mover and Seconder of the Address, with the feelings of the House, and with those expressed by his Majesty at the distresses of the people of England ; but while he did so, he could not buildnt that those feelings had been expressed by his Majesty me regard to his subjects in Ehgland only, and had not been expressed with regard to Ireland. He thought it was the Imuuden tluty of his Majesty's Ministers, who ought to know, and who must have known, the real situation of that country, pot only frog , the official communications of the Lord Lieutenant, but from other quarters, to have recommended some measure , / upon the subject- - (Hear, hear.)—He said ought to know, because he thought they were as much bound:to know and:te consider the state of the pepole of Ireland, as they were to be acquainted with the dis tresses in Maitchester and the other manufacturing districts io t o lai f it a eat n ha o t t ut h ec e o r bosu r n i nature,--distresses England. In Ireland they certainly did not at present feel the same evils as those which afflicted tide country, at least as far as the necessaries of life were concerned ; but then they felt distresses and man, which rendered it disagreeable to live there ; and while that circumstance continued, he was persuaded it was ia vain for s Et p hai i i r l t aith a i rt od d i—ig e : xhi tHhee b a i tr t ii tl oh : e e a s: : ;o. t—i e meH rn de an istre n r c e e: ,.pc s aest as eod persons in this country to think of remedying the evils a Indeed t by pouring English capital into her towns, and by repeetetilY d" e--4 th o e f re evlis e et x tress fs et:sldalaw"lslihernht oliiitnYieseduredtrtanhetgerrhee—:etitilltr,aerYt'svileeE'ea:dir.l:)ig—sit: loudly urging her landlords to live there, and cultivate the same, do all this, while an man might ask another, " What .i i i tt your religion—(Cheers)?" It was for this reesou, he sal , o o vltrAcdt atn u ifehiotetei g rlamei:i:n)git h f)l,:mtfni t iws:ll t leoe t alcil o nnavr ssmi opinionsditnnalt si,,ellyalat measure j,t especially for the attention of the Legislature, yet be did e'en think that the distresses of Ireland—particularly those to which he had alluded Secretary to deny, that it was the intention of his NlajestY'l gel: l U e v n a le i i n i r. o o t sion—he should have gone further, and have positively recow the state of this country, and of that House, who did tiles kw* I,:hiet wconunliddrYhe ct li n • as t if.nztriar—bellid enienidd4relro(iryege)anriiritiaa,celeinonlecei.Tibenrolihwbntnotifedtliheofttenitaleerletriirdwl:firtcaioedaiteitluirlatitieekagt.esitriltoind,e,nliziostpuilssatttiiitu.ite.esclipe,lurulpoei;s:rjnnutoltole.'iits.eendanocolilftf.y:l4ted b:sy(iltiudriy.igilineiic:rittatetcP,lbllti:ialtlantee'itehue,s,foaida,Piletrise:'wohrlgiwoirmittebitiberhuarn;ostot.iliisannii6:secii.klgtinfe'.drinjuuo.'ear'pi)rsin,toorerle-..,..r..... (Hear, hear, hear.)—lt had been said by some persons, that . no e ng (Mr. I)awson) did entreat the Right lion. Secretary toise wi se talents, and to make them available for the purpose a _,hr cifying that portion of the British Empire situated so net!,_,„`" - own, and connected with us in so intimate a degree...4°T' hear, hear. )_Since lie had come to London, he had lion , the Newspapers, that some parties had arisen in Ireit,„tP" and bad openly declared at public meetings there, a wis h e r, t there should be a civil war ; and had said, " we coilhis" ....iebt Per those who are opposed to us would take up arms , that we i crush them." These parties too bad said, that they Wildoi.f°,:i a civil war, and had boasted, that even with out the eesistaaeld ii England, they would destroy their opponents . He befievet l " . 00 - t this violent party-spirit had been exhibited iu Armagh; Ilk • - only there, but in other places ; that these wishes bad beef 4 ' l praised at public meetings, and at dinners, where Inert 11 ' 'A' t they wished for bloodshed in the country, that they down their antagonists, and have the country to themselves, ~,:li govern it agreeably to their own opinions.—( 'fer, lielir.--tive the other hand, he knew there were perso"' wi '''"l iii ' " isity:' e you ye t ' will not have a civil war now we arc not ree"Y " li. ~..., 0 a but at a future time we shall be,amid ' you must take care we e . y r elm" Were Min6ter3'•in who hail& the safety of the couentruy was placed, to shut their eyes to 'le knowledge sit these cir u - stances, and to overlook that grand principle of true State:l)o_o—'o the reconciliation of men of all opinions in society to each °Oeg: and the cabling every mush to exercise- 1,1 0 peculiar talenti, wi La ther in trade or otherwise, for his own individual bene6t--• not only for his own individual benefit, but for the adeautse , the country at large, without any regard to his religioasild nions? ' The differences to which he had already allu ded '4O to in Ireland to au alarming degive, and such discontents eol, ope. have been made the subject of a communication trout tbe Tlir they He repeated, it was not enough for Aliniatexs to, say that t.e did not wish to preclude, any Member from introdociutg .v4_ subject to the House, nor that they were not bound theni ,r.,::, to propose any specific measure. He did not ask them 00,07_ specific measures ; he only said, that'they ought to ba! e t r o tiles , might isui. mended Parliament to take the subject of Ireland u t spe , consideration. Would that have been introducing °,Y ma tte fic measure ? Certainly not. And yet, surely there tve' t e o Aso rials . enough furnished by every packet from Irelen d ! 0 midi thitt something ought at once to be done to auteliorat* th ut eee e°- tion of that country. Much had been said to-night abut i''l' of thy.. No doubt economy was a most excellent vi the : i'ility ef they spoke of economy, they should recollect that u tb ,i i ia ' l iot oP the empire Ought to be properly supported. Yet he the -,, o gy, to say anything against the practice of economy : on tbe ' 9j Bt he agreed with the Hon. Member near him, who lieu a i T t in die his Majesty's Ministers might attend to economy witPuntire,-- least degree sacrificing the dignity or the safety of tl e empire but lie did not mean to recomtrieud the disbandment °idle a rid t h e he thought that Ministers might in a great degree ge t i c ite d with necessity of their services, by making the peoPlo ee `' l° ari!iug their conditions. ' 'There were not only convideratit!u_t,nverre from the interual state of Ireland sufficient to induce ttl ... " t t h e re inent to think upon the condition of that couutryin",",,iteiou were other reasons equally powerful arising front ester I ° ,e ,'' . est us lank round to those btAlleell, and from our connections with Foreign l'evs proceedl ijets t!., to compose the religious differences of their low their oil) did not encoUrage or permit any F"rti°!' m'it're the other!! jests to strive, on religious principles, to Io__ ally el or e non , "' t er on to do any thing that would either crest of • of t ie' preset) pi! 0 feeling among them. What was lithe cause ong the still ° ful state of the various countries in world, en , . , ‘ ,„ t t oil of which religious differences existed? It WAS ttUI that 0 0 one lied the same political rights, and !nigh t e te l )°Y to ee of t he legal remedies. America was a peculiarly strong twilit said, xiii , excellence of this conduct.' Ile knew that it alight 1 it t oot t 0 powers and see bow tilley , inerica was a new country; bit he did not admit that 3 i ' t g iii i ft egi have any weight ; for he thought, that whet te t a t ; j u d 4 0 0: 1 , and sensible in theory, would equally ,xpotY tat all tane led to, "° countries.—(hear, bear.)—But if AftierlCA WO Obit4Bile 014 j would go to France. In that country there ye" e e h°6 ,? 131 0 e ° between the . Catholics and Protestants. Antl why cleattot? 000' the Government had acted on that wise princiPle , ~,t i eetti ° t. ability for holding any public o ffi ce, no loss of anY I"'" 1 , o f hi* • civic rights, shoubl be suffered by any Citizen on ecea u _ l p , jolt religious °Pinions. France, Catholic France, bad not.7o7ofor that, but she had gone farther ; and while she afforded ,ortiejs Nuffitient revenue for the support of the Proteeta° t t ' to the I` J4 ' . tent nutintenent to her Catholic Clergy, she lied ale lert a e y in etr Empire,—(Hear, hear.) --From France be would go r a l of therlands, and there we might see au exatepli..hajoilie our attention., His Majesty the King of the r 4 . ,..e!'ri, s elia , little more than three weeks sloe*, had opened . 1 ' en that in which our Gracsous Sovereign (to white he since rely , ,tee petl a continuance of health and prosperity) had, this tlay,ro. ,(hilt the new l'arliantent here, anal,. in that M P ewl' ' s ( ) it °. of the Netherlands coograttdated them that all religoetconwout, merit with a Speech, in a manner somewhat sinter wieeeil ,ions in his kingdom were at an , end, owing to stone w _ ii ,f dis cations which ly taken placelbetween the Cl o r," .j, t est, Netherlands and the See of Rome; and had further orro that theY would in his. dominions, no diff e rence s hould be hufferot to exi st )1 0 ` f '• ibe his Catholic and Proteatant subjects,. 'rile Pr ielli n ol eo be Church of England were founded upon, a rack. - I f he t or lieved in those principles, and believed in them beeetoe be sidered them to'be true, how soda he fear shaken by anything? But the truth was, they:eare., be " ioe to church principles. .what, then, did men lea vion' t 11 % , Irk jured ? The church temporalities ?..--(Clieers.)--Ba r:! .no ; for the church teruparilitits?. They were all in thelt,• o l7l„ to ts all he asked wnot that Government would torieh the ,c_ , as, C sth ties and ."" . :b temporalities, but that they %void!) Pu t the .'' e —. le f ea r veb" testents of Ireltind upon tlie sone equal footnig, T , , , 000 itiali Mordfrited when 'any proposal a atili, kill(' was , lAiAif , _ . , 04 ,1 not from any real dread- that the principle* of the Utorch w