The Sun. — London, England, 1864-11-08 00:00:00

The North London Industrial Exhibition. to sea. It is clear that no effective opposition w as offered by any of the Brazilian menool-war, or by the harbour forte, tho ug h " Voyageur'' adds that the Wachusetts was fired on by the latter as she stood out. Some two h ours l ater t h e B raz ili an Admiral gave chase in a smaller steamer, his own flagship being a sailing vessel, but the Florida had by this time got her steam up, and pursuit was of course useless. The indignation of the Brazilians at this gross insult to their neutral hospitality is described as intense. The exequatur of the United States' Consul, who had opportunely gone to sea in the Wachusetts, was at once withdrawn by the Governor, and the arms of the Consulate itself were torn down by the people. The great body of mer chants at Bahia at once signed a document, in which they emphatically denounce the conduct of the cap tain commanding the Wachusetts as an open defi ance of international law, and charge the Consul with a direct breach of faith. This remonstrance was forwarded to the New York Chamber of Com merce,_with an earnest request that they would appoint a committee to investigate the matter before adjudging to the captors the reward of 500.000 do:s o for the sake of which this outrage is believed to have been committed. We are bound to presume not only that this request will meet with attention, but that the Government and citizens of the United States will hasten to repudiate the nefarious act done in their name. Most aggressions on neutral rights, such as the pursuit of a flying enemy within the jurisdiction of a neutral State, have some kind of excuse, whether in authority or usage, but we cannot even conjecture what defence can be set up for this. The United States have invariably claimed the absolute inviolability of neutral territory, and the American text books of international law are full of the most dogmatical assertions of this prin ciple. One of the most recent of these, which bears the name of Halleck on its title-page, recapitulates the law on this subject with great force and clear ness. " The armed cruisers of belligerents, while within the jurisdiction of a neutral State, are bound to abstain from any acts of hostility towards the sub jects, vessels, or other property of their enemies; they cannot increase their guns or military stores, or augment their crews, not even by the enrolment of their own countrymen; they can employ neither force nor stratagem to recover prizes or to rescue prisoners in the possession of the enemy; nor can they use a neutral port or waters within neutral jurisdiction, either for the purpose of hindering the approach of vessels of any nation whatever, or for the purpose of attacking those which depart from the ports or shores of neutral Powers. No proximate acts of war, such as a ship stationing herself within the neutral line, and sending out her boats on hos tile enterprises, can in any manner b 3 allowed to originate on neutral territory, nor can any measure be taken that will lead to immediate violence." We owe our readers some apology for re-entering upon ground already familiar to most in connexion with the Alexandra case, but this summary may at least serve to remind them how far beyond the extreme pale of international law the Wachusetts placed herself by cutting an enemy's ship out of a neutral port. Had the Florida, for instance, actually sailed from Bahia, the Wachusetts could not have followed her till after the lapse of 24 hours without infring ing the lam of nations To attack her by night in the harbour, and that after a solemn pledge had been given that neutral rights should be respected, was neither more nor less illegal than it would have been to kidnap Mr Mason in the streets of London. The plea that was urged by Lord Ashburton and admitted by Mr Webster in the very dissimilar case of the Caroline—that of "a necessity of self-defence, instant, overwhelming, leaving no choice of means, and no moment for deliberation," was here conspia cuously wanting, and we cannot believe that the Federal Government will condescend to make use of it. It may possibly be alleged that the Consul was carried off against his will by the captain of the Wachusetts, who is likely enough to claim the whole credit and responsibility of the exploit, and it is to be feared that some of Mr Barnum's coun trymen may chuckle over its shameless audacity. But the New York Chamber of Commerce has a character to lose, and unless we are greatly deceived will scruple to forfeit it by rewarding or justifying a crime so utterly subversive of confidence between neutrals and belligerents. POST.—The treaty which marks the termination of the Dano-German war, and which formally ratifies the dismemberment of the Danish monarchy, has at length been signed. The Conference at Vienna has ended its labours, and the fruits of its negotiations has received the official stamp of the several repre sentatives of which it was composed. Denmark has been stripped of no inconsiderable portion of her dominions. The Duchies have been finally separated from the kingdom, and that most intricate of all diplomatic puzzles, the Schleswig-Holstein ques tion, has been disposed cf for ever. The suit has been tried out, judgment recorded, and execution enforcud, and nothing remains but for the defeated litigant to reconcile himself with what grace he may to the loss which he has sustained. Considered in its details, the treaty, which we publish in our columns to-day, furnishes nothing which calls for special comment. It differs in no material respect from the programme submitted by the German Powers as the basis of negotiation when an armistice was agreed upon some months since. Austria and Prussia at that time frankly told Denmark what it was that they required, and the latter had no choice but to assent. The German Powers had conquered the Duchies—they therefore demanded that their right to retain them should be formally recognised by their previous possessor. The inferiority of the aggressors at sea had enabled the Danish cruisers to capture several German merchant vessels, and accordingly the restoration of these captures, or compensation for the property destroyed or alienated, was demanded by the Powers winch con sidered themselves aggrieved. This was the pith of the requisitions made by Austria and Prussia, and the treaty proves that they have not been made in vain. Everything that the Germans have taken they are permitted to keep, everything that they have lost will be restored to them. The cir cumstances which mark the close of the war are in every respect on a footing with those which distinguished its commencement. It is now, as it was then, for Germany to demand and for Den mark to comply. The ostensible reasons for the invasion of the Duchies were shifted with each succeeding day to meet the constantly varying relations in which the belligerents stood to each other, and now the formal instrument which gives peace to Denmark expressly recognises in her Sove reign rights, the disallowance of which was neces sary to furnish even the shadow of a pretext for the invasion of his dominions. The troops-of the Cone federation entered Holstein, and those of Austria and Prussia entered Schleswig, because the as• sumption of the sovereignty in those Duchies by Christian IX. was deemed an act of usurpation. Now, however, that the usurper has been ejected, his rights are unreservedly admitted by his aggres sors for the purpose of giving to them by treaty a good title to those very dominions whose invasion could never have been justified except on the assumption that they did not belong to him. The events of the Dano German war succeeded each other with such rapidity, and the phases of the quarrel were so various, that many persons have entirely forgotten the attitude assumed towards Denmark by the German Powers only twelve months since, and have lost sight of the multiplied assur ances given to Europe that an attack on the integrity of the Danish kingdom was not dreamt of. In the columns of this journal we unhesitatingly declared from the first that, however they might cloak their designs, Austria and Prussia had reeolved upon wresting the Duchies from Denmark, and that the Treaty of London was virtually cancelled. When, just a year since, Frederick VII. died, and the pre sent Sovereign succeeded to the throne, the Diet proceeded without delay to sequestrate the Duchy of Holstein. The measure had been threatened during the closing days of the reign of the late Sovereign ; but on the demise of the Crown addi tional reasons were supplied to the German Powers for enforcing the oft-repeated threat of Federal execution. The Federal execution, however, ad, milted as atwi oemnr measure o Denmarkasit unh re f e nece ssity collective iuenncodtsf t e h : l indirectly dispute,ce ti td el tlyl to e.p opacity ct offer t t ly he confirmed vldnaidot rights Sovereign, resistance and o the H t fj b o ' sv i e s d t h e e i r i e n a h : its two leading members proceeded to repeat in Schleswi g . B ut the same mockery which was enacted in the one by pretending that an act of si ply in h one of t ehot domesticer by a lie g discipline, in was suc cessfullywarwas imitated that taking in with a po wer f u l army was only g a takn in pledge. Prussia and Austria admitted, whilst they deplored, the necessity of employing an im mense e t pharmysf h f al o vrpotrwho project ed p c tm u r o p osf O t s ss e eo of eu me carryingtheir ; in hiintention te effect ntthioeyn n il a t h e e e: of supporting the Treaty of 1852, and of re s t or i ng Schleswi g t o Denmark as soon as those obligations on the part of the latter Power which formed the consideration of that treaty had been unequivocally acknowledged. The pledge has been taken, but the recent treaty declares to all the world that it will tho roughly be retur ne d. Th e G erman P owers h ave b een successful, but we do not believ e th at the European Powers were at any time blinded as to their real designs. Great Britain knew that Federal execution in Holstein and sequestration in Schleswig, in truth, meant conquest, and she did all that lay in her power to prevent the consummation of a great political crime. She failed, but it was because she could not command the co-operation of other Po wers no l ess d eep ly i n t ereste d than herself in preserving the independence of Denmark, and, being unable alone to prevent them carrying their designs into execution, she was forced,lowever un willingly, to let matters take their course. When, at the Conference in London, the concession' by the neutral Powers upon Denmark, an d a to by her, failed to satisty her aggressors, remained but to leave the belligerents the. agreeing between themselves on the conol peace. At Vienna, as might have been e the demands the German Powers vo more severe than at Loudon ; but as soon seat of negotiations had been transferee' Austrian capital the Danish Plenipote ntia ! left no other task than that of re cordll assent to the conditions imposed by the representatives. If those negotiations h. protracted, the delay has arisen from d which from time to time presented them' respect to the arrangement of matters The broad issue has never been doubtful. ' and Holstein, together with Lanenburg , art property of the two great German Powers, is now tempted to inquire what will theY them ? The minor States are anxious tl should be handed over to an Augustenbu Oldenburg, and a vote to that effect W' probability, sooner or later be given t 3 But under this treaty, and more especiallY of conquest, Austria and Prussia may title before which that of the pretenders The leaders Powers of the Confederation ha with Denmark, They must now set about adjusting, with the remaining %ler° Bund, those differences to which the rec: sition of territory by the two Powers probably gave rise. at as asee"; noda l/ 4 3 t3 olt iitto ate e$P ff f cer e e tbE )3 a9O •ed t° • s vie 0 t ad , Get 6 bcp e d b i e tl d ime. ic es o f f (1 0 ) Q c bte° i . 0 ' r j e 11° ,1 11 0 11 s e a " id o s3 t 7 b : t tb; )- ip arg t 0119 flit' , the 1 9 ill O c 6i adve l3 i will p lave e fe tbe ° ora ° 9 OY I b, c ie ce nt 0 it t 111 n °l losi°,4 t°l Day. 1, et 10 1 r in d b4 t b t 41 a _ OO ov a ;e99 90 ate Ie TY, r aise r 3botise p were EE We ifY r f r 00) „ bs ia6f nort ti°3 o# h the ° , 4 o' more took hic 13 ntat s r it ; t v'" ° Aithe" ,,gll c i, at she 10* of floe' of t o )aikB o tll oll°° O f en killed now lie a t a no ec o 3 :iv ° o f 0 10 ave r l)I„ ilowe 0 0, are 00b,erd. R l l O 1 5 ° 06 6 s t l ei C , b e ivs oho 60 r 3 a bout oe itto )w der (O Ito of A lay 1;•eeo! i ii - leaveo orrow' e,40 00 ,1 bl e ,ides, SEE Another Gunpowder Explosii Yesterday afternoon a fatal gunpowder esP place at the powder- works of the Messrs. Hall/ ton, about a milo and a half from Faversham' past 3 o'clock a corning-house, which was part derground, and had a bank round it 30ft in blown up. The wooden roof and tanks placed tially filled with water, were shattered to Piec es the ground in a heap of broken timber,macbin el ed bish over the spot from which they had been r ats explosion. Two men who were at work in the time were killed on the spot, and their bodies ' afterwards discovered under the ruins. The much disfigured, which may be accounted quantity of powder in the house at the time small. Indeed, the place had only a very sh' viously been emptied, and the boat laden with was on its way to the glazing-house, and not ra' or 50 rods from the spot when the explosion The powder which exploded was simply that been left upon the floor, and this the two men act of sweeping up when it became ignited. roof and the tanks have been blown up and walls remain intact. A corning-machine of , value, however, has been destroyed. Large ball‘' were broken asunder, and the trees by which di ( surrounded were stripped of their branches• The bodies of the two men who have been round and taken to a building, where they n' ing the coroner's inquest. Medical aid we 3 sent for, and W. N. Spong, surgeon, of Fa' a the first to arrive on the spot, He was follow Girand and Mr Hoare, but their services were as the deceased men were the only persons Wh o the accident, none of the other workmen b' the time. The names of the deceased are John sen., and George Keen. The former wa s about of age, and had been employed at the gunpow many years. Some time since he was slightl , f the explosion of a " green charge." The a g e o ; about 27 or 28; he was a married man, and !OS° and three children. The inquest will not take place till to.taerrl' th!inquest on the men killed by the Erith adjourned to this day. rAb ie The explosion was heard and felt for a conside- tance. At Faversham the inhabitant s were robtll c i o or 3 t , great alarm by the shock and the rattling of the o°' windows which followed. As yet noth in g is °- cause of the explosion. COUNTRY MARRnO. COLCHESTER—NoV. 5. , o r Oipi' We had a moderate supply of wheat on offeri".„,f,ilit.,ite to-day, and previous quotations were generallY r;te P A ' Fine barley in demand, and saleable at full,' Beane j , other sorts difficult of sale, at less money. 1 3 ,t 7 in short supply, ~and fully maintain their Valli' 534 1 Wheat, white.an 359 40s 46s Beans, Mazav, s ll. - ,, red 36s 42s middle, ,• B ' . SOP Barley Oats i t GLOUCESTER—No -V. 5 . to _claf sv - There was a very full supply of wheat v re ign, 4 market, which sold slowly at late prices. . I.° Vall e ' extremely limited demand, at former rateo• and beans very dull. I\l 011,TH A.l%i TC;N-1,,,T 0v 5. There was a moderato supply of Engttnt, Sob ° quet, and no change in late rates. Barley wasl.l to —White wheat, new, 39s to 425; new red, :36$ 04' old. 37s to 41s per qr. Barley, new malting, 32s t ° lo, other sorts, 28, to 30s. Old oats, 25s to 30s; nestio,3 26s per 24 stone. Beans, 398 to 425. Peas, 37 per qr. CHELMSFORD—Nov. 4. ,o. 11 6 P, At this corn exchange to-day the supply of WO A plentiful, but we again had a dull trade, with 116f,,it'i made on last week's quotations. Barley was i ll ;ce oc ° ply, and except for finest qualities last week's P r ' j not be maintained, with a slow sale. .369 St Wheat, old white 40s 45s , Yeas, Partridgo••• 300 new 40s 41s White ........ *:36' o 1 old red 39s 40s Boiling ........, 13 0 , new 37s 40s Dun ........... /0 Barley 25s 32s Ditto new ....,•'.340 Chevalier 26s 338 Beans, Tick, 01" '.° F Grinding 20s 28s nesq.3so ), Malt.... Chevalier . 64s 68s hes c "33 o Oats 20s 26s Mazagan . ..... . KIRKCALDY GRAIN—Nov' We had large supplies of all descriptions of g i. L;DO and prices were much the same as last Nveel f° barley, but oats were 6d cheaper. ts., . 79 1 Wheat. Barley. 16s a 6 1 First.... 36s Od I «Second 38s 6d 25s Gd 18 0 Third. ...Os Od 27s Gd COAL M Prices of Coal per Ton a' ,ItKET. the (natio W of the 001‘e' lls Eau' 41 s. d. Bower's West Hartley.2o 0 Lambert's West Hart- Gosforth ..... ." , • lqi Acorn Close ..... • Eden .......... 0",1 Ket loe ....... • ' South Keno• • • 1" Hartlepool .°•. • • P e nsher Pri ttir ol...e.. South Hartlepool,,l, East liartlepool....‘,,i Cassop ...... • •. ••••• , Harton ....... ,4 James ........ i Riddell ...... .• /11 Wharnc liife• .. • , Bell ......... ..• Braddyll's H.eugh .11311.. • ' B e l m ont ..... • o' . ~. .•' Caradoc ...... ley 19 9 Byass's Bebside West Hartley ..20 0 Cowpen Hartley 20 0 Eden Main 21 6 liolywell 18 6 Hastings Hartley 2O 0 tanfield Moor ButeE.: 16 6 W alker Primrose 15 6 Wylam 18 6 West Hartley ..20 0 West Wyla.n l7 6 North Pelton Gas... _,15 6 Walls End. Hetton .. 21 0 Tunstall .... tlaswell South lietton 22 6 Ships at market, 235: sold, 21 5 . P ------=`-'------- nor , iii 0 , TUE GREAT AND GOOD.—The Like" at ed I o v ee ii t ! the various groups of sculpture to be ° A e i ice. ~t,41 Prince Consort Memorial, Hyde-park, we re ' f3 o ft ' committee for inspection, by their re spect "? Monday last, 00 he i [ADTERTISEMENT.]—HoIIoway's gentle, yet most etf,ctive aperients calculated for a family medicine ;hart at lif e h ' e f loii They always set the stomach right, rouse the Ifrio,) late the kidneys, and thoroughl cleanse 1 0 0- o', P a i u ll d S th : e r f. o %: er : t l tem. Holloway's Pills are most useful in c • PP ei liv or , ' ness of the stomach, induced by luxuriolle ree l 01 1 ,1 tary habits, or other causes. They 11E4 1 7 :01 0° 40 i emaciated to health after every other ru,, e ,,inC t • 9 while they are purifying they are strengti-le„—,etKe , gulating they are increasing nervous aud:o"-.0 tP i i ,0 These Pills do not excite any violent a ction 0 1 5 0 0 or hence they are especially suited to the Y e ; tl ,,,iare ci whose constitutions may be irretrievably ''''_,_,,/' _____ ..... 2 powerful medicines. , .Births. ciaugh- ge" '' Bu i t o L r E n u by . Of fla Wi le ) —T u n a t r h , em3i Military ta i n r st, at Eitham. ...._ e ter , tir , y ...rain, of a yor i DuNDAs•—On the sth inst., & at Wood 113" ~.'h t er• , 1 0,„ wife of the Hon. J. C. D un d as , of a lb lrivoor GOULD.—On the 3d inst., at 60, Chicheste r of ° burn-park, W., the wife of A. Goul d, r'; ) ~ let Marriages. , fie to ( 0 ," HANCOCK—BUDD.—On the 3d inst,, at J3 3 `e - Die's ) ;...) io e t von, Alfred Hancock, Esq., of AreoP o f Pr' a, Elizabeth Ryder, second daughter - „et ~l' Budd, F.R.C.P., of Barnstaple. .. ci r 'O4 WOOL--MARTIN.—On the 3d inst., at .. g a e, 0 Mary, George Wool, Esq Dm:icier Gra o ll i ThO ___ . Frances,_ daughter of David Martin, Back' DixoN.— a/ Wainfleet. tit' . i ~, Li ° 0 the 3d in D t eaths c . la ha....., 4, On a., at P f 1 l y Chas. Dixon, R.E. 0 HARE.—On the 3d inst,, Robert Hare,,,S4.' le es ei lotte-street, Buckingham-gate, aged vO• 0 •P Lorra l i t ri d, itit ss j HOUGHTON.--On the 3d inst. , at 22, K loway, Mr. Lucas Houghton, of 30, l' oll '. I; l>'' 1 7 NIGHT.—On the 31st ult., Sant I• Frede ric t h 30, Crown-street, Finsbury, aged 25. l eg , l ief 1 1.44,1(E.—0n the 3d inst., at King's Lang 4( 00 Lake, Esq., aged 47. ~., P' 7 / (1, • MONTAQUM —On the 2d inst., at Southend' Esq., aged 81. , io nd il OVERSTONB.—On the 6th inst., at LoC.- \Vantage, the Lady Overston, aged 65 ' _.• b~~~ P d Ila London: Prinzed and Prblished by w ll M of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TIO IP' Strand, in the Precinct of the Sale. XIMI4OSOZ4ratieWAYLUCITCMDer prayer was offered up by th© Rev. W. Fowl:?, and the Hallelujah chorus sung by the choir. Yesterday evening the Right Hon. the Chancellor of the Exchequer went through the ceremony of publicly closing this exhibition, which opeced with such eclat three weeks ago, and which was last night brought to a termination after its brief career of unexampled and almost unhoped for success. When this Exhibition was opened on the 14th of last month it was intended that its curious and most suggestive collection should remain on view during two weeks only from 9 a.m. till 5 p.m. ; the charge for admission was fixed at 6d, but after the latter hour it was reduced to 2d to afford every facility to the class to which the display was almost solely due to visit it freely. Such numbers took advantage of this reduction of price that the hall during some evenings was so crowded that the doors had to be closed and further admittance denied. On one even• ing between 5 and 9 o'clock the turnstiles recorded the admission of no less than 22,000 visitors, which, with 6,000 who had paid 6d during the day, made the total up to 28,000 in all—a number that would do credit even to a national exhibition. Altogether the average attendance during this fortnight amounted to nearly 18,000 per day. With such an evidence of popularity and success before them, the promoters wisely reconsidered their first decision as to closing, and applied to the directors of the Agri cultural Hall for its use another week, and by those gentlemen the new arrangement was at once acceded to. The week expired last Saturday, and yesterday the Exhibition was formally closed, after having been visited by 196,926 persons, exclusive of those who attended last night, probably 8,000 or 10,000 more. Such a success was so little thought of that at the outset its most prominent promoters formed a guarantee fund to cover the losses which were looked on not only as possible, but probable in the extreme. These guarantors—the Earl of Shaftesbury, Sir Morton Peto, Miss Burdett Coutts, and Mr Cox, M.P.—became liable for an anticipated or probable deficiency to the extent of £3OO, but now it seems that, in lieu of a deficit, there is every chance of there being a surplus of £l,OOO, if not more. Another most gratifying fact in connection with this working men's exhibition, and which deserves espe. cial mention, is that throughout its career not only has not a single article displayed been stolen or ins jured, but that not a single police case of any kind has arisen from it either during the time the Exhi. bition was open or when its thousands of visitors left at its close. Yesterday evening, though the price of admission was raised to is and 2s 6d, every part of the hall was crowded, and the large orchestra at the end around the organ was filled with a choir to the number of nearly 1,000. Beyond some mere formal arrangements as to the route which the Chancellor of the Exchequer was to take when inspecting the exhibition, all remained in the same state as that in which the public have been accustomed to view it any time these three weeks past. Considering the numbers that have been to see it, every part has been kept wonderfully free from dust or dirt. As a general rule, the chief industrial objects with which the exhibition was formed were most carefully kept in view by the sub-committee, and it is to be hoped that their success now will enable them to be still more successful for the future. Next year we hope their position will be strong enough to enable them to exercise more rigidly their powers of excluding unsuitable objects. This is by no means meant to refer to articles of any kind exhibited by bona fide amateurs, or to those articles of skilled labour pro duced in the leisure hours of regular workmen, and which are often the most elaborate and highly wrought specimens of their class. It is such objects as ordinary articles of furniture sent in from ordi nary shops which require thinning down on future occasions, and their places can be supplied either by objects which would be willingly lent by South Kensington, or the works of real amateurs. Oa this occasion South Kensington lent a small but most choice collection of works in metals and jewelry, pottery and porcelain, which were not only conspi.. cuons for their rare artistic and intrinsic value, but for the skill with which the objects were selected to set before the assembled amateurs types and designs for their imitation of the highest class known to art. Her Majesty also lent from Buckingham 'Palace a small, but equally fine collection of old porcelain carvings in ivory, enamels, mosaics, and glass wares, which were each in their way unique specimens. These, however, with some groups of stuffed speci mens of natural history, sent by Mr J. A. Nicholay, and a rare collection of antique watches from Mr Benson, of Ludgate-hill, and the exceptions we have hinted at, were the only departures from the rule which made the whole exhibition one of the works of amateurs. The collection comprised an almost infinite variety of objects, painting, drawing, and model. making by far the most popular arts, and apparently the most successfully practised. It need scarcely be said that among the drawings and paint ings there were very many which would scarcely bear inspection, but, on the other hand, there were some which reflscted great credit on their authors, and some of very high merit indeed. Those which were so placed as to illustrate the rising skill of the self-taught artist were exceedingly interesting. It has been urged by some against works of this kind that it would be better to hold out encouragement to the workers in various trades for improvements in these trades only, and not foster in them the idea that common e orkmen can ever excel in the paths of high art. The works, however, which formed the show at the Agricultural Hall were in nearly every case the production of the workmen's leisure hours, and nothing is more certain than that an artisan does not choose as a recreation that branch of in. dustry which forms his daily occupation. To those laboriously employed during the day, dra wing, paint ing, or model-making is at once a rest and a plea. sure, while those sedentarily occupied as invariably resort to the work of the lathe or the garden to give them that exercise of body with enjoyment of mind which none of us can long abstain from with impu nity. The models shown in the hall were for the greater part models of buildings or ships; and here, too, the same inverse rule of recreation seemed to prevail—it was so to speak the builder or labourer who makes his model of the ship, and the shipwright or sailor who makes his model of a house. Some of the models were exceedingly good, and in all cases put together and finished with the minute care which spoke of their having been a labour of love. It was a most characteristic and suggestive display. Those paintings and drawings by labourers, letter. carriers, and porters,those models in wood and ivory, turnings and ironwork by clerks who have gone through their eight or ten hours' work in a close office, the visible and successful struggle after self improvement which all those works suggested, the labour and self.denial each cost to produce, made this North London Exhibition one of the most strik ing social features of the day, and one of the most interesting also. It well deserved all the support it has met with. Yesterday evening the Chancellor of the E chequer arrived at 7 o'clock precisely, and was re ceived by the secretary to the Exhibition, Mr W. J. Watts, and other members of the committee, together with the Hon. A. Kinnaird, M.P., Mr Bodkin, Assistant-Judge ; Mr S. Morley, Mr J. A. Nicholay, Mr Norris, M.P., &o. After making a circuit of the Exhibition Mr Gladstone was con ducted to the platform, where he was received with much applause, which continued till the Hundredth Palm was given by the chorus. Mr Watts then read the report of the committee, which, after referring to the daily crowded state of the Exhibition, which made it necessary to keep it open another week ' w e nt on to state the numbers whi c h h a d v i s i te d i t, and the fact, to which we have already alluded, that not a single instance of disorder had taken place. The adjudicators had awarded the prizes, which numbered 81 of the first class, 76 o f t h e second class, and 179 of the third, or 230 prizes in all, excluding ten extra works specially recom mended for reward. The committee being very desirous that every exhibitor should be provided with a suitable memento, and finding that their financial position was very favourable, had given directions to Messrs Petter and Galpin to produce an illustrated memo. rial, a copy of which would be presented to each exhibitor by Lord Shaftesbury at the meeting for the distribution of prizes. A psrformauce 'was then given on the organ, with beautiful effect, by Dr. S. S. Weley, after which a Mr GLADSTO:NE then rose and was g • • ed with loud and continued cheers. Ho said :—" Ladies and Gentlemen,—lt may be said with r rest reason that the series of proceedings be ing to this exhibition is now completed. We h ye gathered together within this spacious hall the productions of the skill and industry of the working men of northern London, To this demonstration and to the beautiful spectacle thus offered the feeling of the public has answered, and the numerous total of spectators who have hastened from all parts of the metropolis, as we have been informed tosnight, to satisfy their curiosity and to improve their minds, has crowned the labours of the exhibitors with the most complete success. (Hear.) It is, perhaps, a vulgar, but yet it is an important consideration, that in a pecuniary as in every other point of view the proceedings of this exhibition have reached the consummation which all its friends . have desired, and your Minister of Finance—(laughter)—what ever may happen to other Ministers of Finance— appears before you to-night with the glory of a surplus in hand—(hear, and a laugh)—and in that surplus we are to recognise not only a memorial of past prudence but likewise a promise for the future, for the way has fairly been opened to show what things can be done through th© medium of these exhibitions. (Hear, hear.) But not the least inte resting feature in this series of proceedings has been the tone and temper in which it has been con ducted, the humble sense of dependence upon Divine favour, the acknowledgment that whatever gifts any of us may possess we owe them entirely to a heavenly source. (Cheers.) And in the proceed• inns of to-night you have, by your crowded atten dance, borne witness to your emphatic desire that at the close, as well as in the course of all these proceedings, honour should be rendered to Him from whom all honour comes. (Cheers.) Well, then, ladies and gentlemen, it may be said if these acts have attained to such completeness, that I as sume a function which is officious at the best, in addressing you after what has taken place, But I address you at the request of those who have been your leaders in this important enterprise, and I will attempt no more in such observations as it may be in my power to address to you than to give you a faithful record of the impression which the spectacle we witness to-night has produced upon the mind of one who views it from without. Ladies and gentlemen, it is very easy to find a name for an ex hibition like this and for an occasion like this. It is emphatically the festival and the triumph of labour. (Loud cheers.) I do not use that word to draw any invidious distinction between class and class. Labour is the universal lot of man, and those who endeavour to escape from labour, and to convert into a period of mere enjoy ment that term of existence which has been given us for exertion and for' die. cipline, are recreants to their own destiny and to the law under which they live. (Cheers.) There is no honourable, no useful place on this busy teem ing earth for the idle man, be his station or his con dition what it may ; and I am sure that those who belong to the labouring classes, properly so called, will admit that in this happy country it is easy to point out not only tens and hundreds, but thou sands among the very highest in the land, who vie in their character as labouring men with those who earn their bread by their daily wages. But it is with the large and important class comprising the mass of society that we have especially to do upon the present occasion, It is to them I refer when I say that this occasion, this exhibition, has been the festival and the triumph of labour ? Why has it been the triumph of labour ? It has been the triumph of labour for reasons which, in my judg ment, it will behove us to ponder. I do not, indeed, think that we have as yet reached a period at which any of us can fully comprehend the entire signifi cance of exhibitions such as this. They are toe new, they are yet in their infancy. (Hear.) We must wait awhile. It will be for us in later years, or it will be for those who come after ns, to form a just and competent estimate of their social even more and much more than their economical effects. But even now we may see the immense importance of such exhibitions. Can there be a more interesting fact than this, that of those beautiful objects which crowd the walls and the floors of this spacious hall a very large part—l am told by much the largest part—are produced not by persons given to that special kind of production as a means of subsistence but in the patient development of some other gift which they pursue and cultivate in their hours of recreation ? (Cheers.) Now is it not a consoling truth that even the humblest of our society are not so absolutely bowed down in this probationary state to mere mechanical exercise tnat it is beyond the power of a man to look outside the narrow career which he traces in his daily toil from morning to evening, and then from morning to evening again, —that there is in all classes of society a diversity and variety of gifts; that human nature, if it be well used, is a richer and a nobler thing thrn many of us take it to be ; that few indeed are those to whom the path o f exce ll ence i s no t open in one direction or anothersprovided only their be the diligence and determination which is neces sary to pursue it with effect ? (Cheers.) Now, ladies and gentlemen, one word as to the amuse ment which belongs to these exhibitions. The very production of these works has been in most cases the amusement of their producers, showing un doubtedly a true nobleness of mind, for it is only a mind which draws its fire from heaven which would find amusement in productions of such a nature after the exhausting effects of daily toil. But yet it is true, and it is another consoling truth, if you consider that much of our best relaxations, much of the most effective and most salutary amusement is derived, not from a simple abnegation and abandon ment of toil, but comes from a judicious change of one employment for another. (Cheers.) But if there has been healthful and laudable amusement from the producers of these works in the act of pro ducing them, what has been the effect upon those who beheld them? Let the exhibitors take this comfort to themselves. They have not only by their contributions given a satisfactory and healthy bent to their own energies, they have not only gained that credit and applause of their fellows which are among the most gratifying consolations and com forts of life, but they have likewise afforded an ex ample and encouragement to others, and many a man, many a woman, many a young child, many a one who has not heretofore done aught to distin guish himself in bettering his condition, in improv ing his mind, by developing his gifts by exertions such as these—depend upon it many such one will receive the first suggestion, will derive the first In fection of such a desire from what they have seen within these walls upon this occasion. (Cheers.) Well, again, of the good effected and displayed by this Exhibition, we have had satisfactory proof. Thank God, it has not been the first, and I am sure it will not be the last, although amongst the most remarkable instances, that it is possible in this happy country for a vast mass of the population to meet together, aye, and to meet together for purposes connected with their recrea tion, and at the same time not to need the control or the coercion of the law, but, and I am sure I may apply without irreverence the sacred words, "tobe a law to themselves." (Cheers.) In the hurried circuit which I have made round this hall we were accompanied by a force of I think some four or five policemen, and I learn from those who had had the management of this Exhibition that that moderate detachment positively comprised the entire representation of that most useful force which has been employed for the purpose of keeps ing in order the 200,000 who, we are told, have visited the Exhibition. (Cheers.) Well, ladies and gentlemen, it is a great and a real and true sign of social progress—it is much to distinguish between true Signs of social progress and false signs —but I say it is a true sign -of social progress when it can be recorded, as was recorded by your esteemed and able se cretary to-night, that this Ex hibition has been cond ucted, with admission given at so low a cost to the humbl est classes of the com munity, without one single attempt at anything like wilful damage to any object. (Cheers.) But, ladies and gentlemen, it is not only with reference to amusement of the best and highest kinds that such occasions as this should be considered. Im- rHE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 8, 1864. portant as it is in itself, it is probabiy yet more important as an indication of something beyond itself, as an indication of things which are, and yet more of things which are to be. (Hear, hear.) No person can, even as a contemporary observer, reflect upon the recent history of this country without perceiving that it is fraught with the pro mise of most important results, not only to the community as a community, but particularly to the labovring classes ; the greatest lesson which our recent history ought to teach those classes—the great lesson which I will presume to say has taught them, and is teaching them, after a dependence and thankfulness to the Almighty for the gifts and op portunities they enjoy, is the lesson of self-reliance. Now, I believe it is not possible in a well-organ ized society that any one class should make essen tial progress in any way except through its own exertions. (Cheers.) I know—l trust Ido not forget—that there are duties of class towards class, as there are duties of the individual man towards his fellowman. Bnt the duty performed by one class towards another, and especially by the higher towards the humbler classes, will be found gene. rally to consist in the mitigation, possibly the re moval, but more frequently the mitigation, of evils and abuses of a gross and galling nature. But the mere mitigation of abuses will never give energy and dignity of character to a class, and especially to the great labouring classes of the community. It is upon themselves they must depend in order to ex hibit in the face of their fellowscountrymen those characteristics which constitute the true basis of greatness. I know that it is too true that the ad vance of civilisation and the improvements which have been made in our laws and institutions do not and cannot be said as yet to have touched the entire mass of the community. There are still those who are said to belong to the " dangerous classes." There are still those who, in much larger numbers, are said, and with truth are said to belong to the helpless classes ; those upon whom illness and be reavements fall, and not only such, but even whole classes of persons, particularly unmarried females, who, under the conditions of modern society, are in a social position still beset with difficulties. The bulk of the labouring population in the great towns of this country, and particularly in this vast me tropolis, consists of those who being dependent upon their own labour have the means of making their labour as a general rule effective for their subsistence, even for their comfort, and the comfort of their wives and families. Now, much has been done by good, honest, and wise legislation towards setting free the industry of the labouring man and enabling him to carry that best and almost the only commodity which he can possess to the best market it can command. (Cheers.) lam far from thinking that Parliament has as yet done all in that respect which we may reasonably hope for; but perhaps it would be true—l believe it would be—to say we cannot look again for such vast and wholesale im provements of the law, for such large and beneficial revolutions in the condition of the labouring classes of this country at any future time as has been brought about within the last 20 or 25 years, partly by the progress of new gigantic and most useful in ventions, and partly by a wise legislation iu Par liament. Therefore, ladies and gentlemen, and you, my friends, whom I address in such numbers of the working classes, bear with me when I say that it is upon yourselves you must depend. If you are look ing for improvement in your state, if you are look ing for a larger admission to the direct rights of citizenship—(ioud cheers), if you are looking for the increase of the comforts of life, if you are looking for a provision for the education of your children, if you are looking to the making provision for the contine geney of your sudden removal—for each and for all those things, depend upon it that, under the favour of Almighty God, it is upon yourself you must rely. (Cheers.) And, therefore, ladies and gentles men, it is that I cordially and sincerely congratu late you upon an Exhibition such as that we have witnessed here. A sentiment of admiration not un mingled with surprise will, I think, possess the mind of the impartial observer when he comes within these walls and sees, or has seen, the nature of the works they contain. We see here an evidence of the growth of the labouring class. I must say that in one point of view an interest attaches to whet we see within this Agricultural Hall, such as never attached to the more gorgeous Exhibitions of 1851 and 1862. Those great Exhibitions and their promoters will have reason to reckon among the many beneficial results of these Exhibitions the fact that without doubt they gave the first suggestion for the creation of a spectacle such as we now be. hold. But in those geeatExhibitions we saw what the wealth of the world could do, we saw what were the resources of skill and industry aided by the profuse employment of capital. But here we have drawn upon no such resources of capital. We see hero as it were in its first formation the efforts of British labour and we have reason to congratulate the country first of all for the possession of such skill as is here dis played ; and, secondly, upon the disposition to use for such healthful and beneficial purposes the scanty leisure afforded after the hours of toil and the rea maining energies which the beneficial exercise of labour has left unexhausted. Ladies and gentle men, as I have said, it is the property of these ex hibitions to open before us a long vista in the future, as well as to supply us with most interesting sug gestions for the present. But I see also in them a manifestation of the desire of the labouring classes to play out honestly and in the most conciliatory spirit the game of lire. The labouring class, like every other class, has had its lessons to learn. It has had to learn how to bear the reverses of fortune, and how that lesson has been learnt the recent his tory of Lancashire will tell to our posterity. (Lou,' cheers.) But the labouring class has also had to learn a lesson—l venture to say a still more difficult one to learn—the lesson of respecting, under whatever pressure, the rights, the indepene dence, and freedom of choice of a minority of their own body. But that is a lesson with regard to which I ardently hope —nay, I confi dently believe—great progress has been made. Sure I am that if the minds of the operative class be set upon a permanent improvement in the condition of its members, speaking from what I see within this hall, I say they are walking in the right path. Let them show before their fellow-countrymen the gifts which they possess; let them continue to exhibit in every relation of life that obedience to law, nay, that love of law which they have shown within these walls; let them carry home more and more to the minds of every class of tho community the convic tion that we of this country are all one in heart, one in hope, one in desire, one in interest. (Cheers.) Let teem take for their motto the union and har mony of all classes one with another, and I am confi dent they will find that whatever improvements they may think they have a right to expect at the hands of those who are invested with the privilege of govern. ing them, they may rest confident in the belief that such improvements will never be long of unduly delayed. (Cheers.) Ladies and gentlemen, it is with an earnest mind and heart I express to you a fervent desire that this exhibition and all that has belonged to this exhibition may be productive of happy results, not only in the present but also in future years. My concluding duty is to declare to you that this exhibition is closed, but when I say that it is closed I do not speak of it as of a aing dead and departed. If it be closed, it is closed like the year, which, when it dies away, by the very process of its dying makes preparation for another spring. (Cheers.) It is closed like the corn which we drop into the earth, and which is placed there in order that its death may be the precursor of renovated life and of renewed fertility. That, happily, is not mere anticipation. Already there are indications upon every side that the example which you have set is a fruitful example. The example which was set to you some six months ago has been fruit ful in the production of your exhibition, and the example you have set has already led to such results that I could give you a list of towns avid places in which it is contemplated to hold similar exhibitions. (Cheers,) Let us not, therefore, in spec king of this exhibition as having reached its natural termination in the sense that the doors of the hall w ill be closed, and the objects here collected will be di epersed—let us not forget that it still retains its mor til force, and still promises to be, as we hope it will be, the happy parent of many children—of scenes like this, and, if possible, exceeding this. It will help to confirm in the minds of the lebouring community the useful lesson which they have already learnt, and will likewise prove to bo an effective mea ns o f leading them onward in the path, not of illusory ani unsub. stantial, but of true and real progress and healthful and Christian civilization. (Loud cheers ) Mr. S. Morley proposed, a nd Mr. Kinnaird, M.P., seconded a vote of thanks to the chairman. The resolution was adopted by acclamation, three cheers being given for the right hon. gentleman. Mr. GLADSTONE, in reply, expressed his thanks for the compliment, While he could not attribute to himself all the merits which the mover and se conder of the vote had ascribed to him, he must say that he felt confident in the future of England. He was convinced that there never would be wanting those who, under God, would be desirous of con ducting the affairs of this country for the honour and profit of the whole nation, aided by the loyalty, and the goodwill en F ce o ' r himself, he could o th f e th in ei t r el f l e i i g i e o n sv c . e c , ou th n e try in m d e u n lg . only claim a sincere intention to apply himself to the best of his humble abilities in the furtherance of the public interests; and the mark of kindness now bestowed upon him would, even if undeserved, and perhaps even on that very account, be effective as an encouragement to a faithful disebarge of his duty. (Loud cheers.) The National Anthem Was then sung, and the proceedings were brought to a close. you. (Applause.) But, my friends, if it be otherwise—if we suffer reverses, it is what is to be expected from the for tunes of war. It is the fact of all human designs. In that event we shall have reason to anticipate from all brave men a conduct becoming the occasion, and shall look to you to redress your misfortunes, to rise in the face of disaster, and resolve to succeed, determined that you will live or die free. (Applause.) Your bravo sons aro battling for the cause of the country everywhere; your Fort Sumter, where was first given to the breeze the flag of the Confederacy, still stands. The honour of the State has not been dimmed in the struggle, and her soldiers will be sustained by the thought that when they are no more South Carolina will still retain that honour with which she commenced the war, and have accumulated that greatness and glory which will make her an exemplar of all that is chivalric and manly in a nation struggling for existence. You who have so long been the advocates of State rights have never raised a clamour against the laws which seem to invade them, and I think, for obvious reasons, you are not like those new-born lights who, perhaps arejust beginning to appreciate the great principles of that creed. You saw laws passed which were necessary to make those States which are in co-operation effective for the good of the whole. You understood the nature of the compact entered into by the sovereign States, and you have not been fearful that the agent created by yourseh es was likely to turn against that Government for which he and you had been so long struggling. Understanding the means of pre serving your State Governments, you have not been fright ened by the clamour of those who do not breathe the pure air of State sovereignty. Then you have had no difficulty in the organisation of the three forces incident to military ser vice. You are in that condition in which your defence must depend upon what does not belong to the active forces of the country. Your battles are fought on other fields, You have on the coast some necessity for what is termed an ac tive army, and should it be incumbent upon you to furnish troops from your reserves, you have no constitutional scruples, like Governor Strong, of Massachusetts, against marching your militia from the borders of the State, to fight the battles of the cause in which you are engaged. I hon- our you for it. It is needless for me to argue questions here which have been discussed elsewhere, for here I am among the disciples of him from whom I learnt my lessons of State rights, the great, the immortal John C. Calhoun. Among those to whom we are indebted in South Carolina I have not yet alluded to that peculiar claim of gratitude which is due to the fair countrywomen of the Palmetto State, they who have gone to the hospital to watch by the side of the sick, those who throng your wayside homes, who have nursed as if nursing was a profession, who have ueed their needles with the industry of sawing women, who have borne privation without a murmur,and who have given up fathers, sons, and husbands with more than Spartan virtue, because they called no one to witness and record the deed. Silently, with all the dignity and grandeur of patriotism, they have made their sacrifices—sacrifices which, if written, would be surpassed by nothing in history. If all the acts of heroism and virtue of the women of the South could be transmitted to the future it would present such a record as the world has never seen. Their gallantry is only different from that of her sons in this, that they deem it unfeminine to strike ; and yet, such is the heroism they have dis played—such the noble demeanour they have exhibited— that at the last moment, when trampled upon and it became a necessity, they would not hesitate to strike the invader a corpse at their feet. (Applause.) It is scarcely necessary for me, at a time like this, to argue grave questions respecting policy, past, present, or prospeotive. I only ask you to have faith and cenfidence, and to believe that every faculty of my head and my heart is devoted to your cause, and to that I shall, if necessary, give my life. Let every one in his own sphere, and according to •his own capacity, devote himself to the single purpose of filling up and sustaining our armies in the field. If required to stay at home, let him devote him self not to the acquisition of wealth, but to the advance ment of the common cause, If there is to be any aristocracy in the land after this war, 1 hope it will be an aristocracy of those men who have become poor while bleeding to s cure our liberty. If there are to be any peculiarly favoured by public opinion hereafter, I trust it will be those men who have longest borne a musket and oftenest bled on the battle field. If there is to be any young man shunned by the young ladies when he seeks their favour, I trust it will be the man who has grown rich by skulking. And with all sincerity I say to my young friends here, if you want the right man for a husband, take him whose armless sleeve and noble heart betoken the duties he has rendered to his coun try, rather than he who has never shared the toils or borne the dangers of the field. If there still be left any of those military criers who have never spoken of our Generals but to show how much better things could have been managed. or of our Government but to find fault with it, because it never took their advice, in mercy's name let these men go to the front and aid us in achieving our independence. With their wisdom and strength swelling our armies I should have some hope that I will not be a corpse before our cause is secured, and that our flag would never trail in dishonour, but would wave victoriously above the roar and smoke of battle. I believe it is in the power of the men of the Confederacy to plant our banners on the banks of the Ohio, where we may say to the Yankee, 'Be quier. or we shall teach you another lesson,' Within the next 30 days much is to be done, for upon our success much do ponds. Within the next 30 days, therefore, lot all who are absentees, or who ought to be in the army, go promptly to their ranks. Let fresh victories crown our arms, and the peace party, if there be such at the North, can elect its candidate, But whether a peace candidate is elected or not, Yankee instinct will teach him that it is bet ter to end the war, and leave us to the enjoyment of our own rights. Prayerful for your welfare, confiding in the army of the Confederate States to do that which soft words can never achieve, and in the hope that Gud will preserve the little ones of all brave men who are is the field, or who are going to it, and trusting that in the future, under brighter aus pices, it may bo my fortune to meet the good people of Columbia, I wish you all for the present farewell. (Ap plause.) --- SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—The capture of the Florida by the Wa , chusetts in Brazilian waters was reported by tele graph from Lisbon some days ago, but it was no until yesterday that the flagrantly lawless nature of this proceeding could be appreciated. The story, as it has now reached us from authentic sources, beats those reiated of Paul Jones, and carries us back to the time when the Spanish Main was made infa mous by the piratical deeds of civilised nations. The Federal ship Wachusetts was lying in the inner harbour of Bahia when the Florida anchored in the outer harbour, on the 4th October, to ship coals and stores, and to have a part of her machinery repaired. The next morning she was boarded by an officer of the Brazilian navy, and forbidden to communicate with the shore until the Governor of the province should have been consulted. The Governor invited her commander, Captain Morris, to call upon him, and the result of the interview was that the Florida was allowed to remain 48 hours to get in supplies, and to complete, if possible, the necessary , repairs. It seem that Mr Wilson, th e United States Consul, had protested against any shelter being given her, but had afterwards pledged his word of honour that the Wachusetts would respect the rights of neutrals within the port. Capt. Morris gave the same assur' ante, and the Florida was thereupon brought into the inner harbour and placed in a berth close under the guns of a Brazilian fort, and with two Brazilian vessels of war between her and the Wachusetts. A number of the crew were allowed to go ashore on leave, and the damaged machinery was put into the hands of Brazilian engineers. Late on the same evening, Oct. 5, a boat mime alongside from the Wachusetts, with the Federal Consul on board, but as the letter which he sent up to Capt. Morris was addressed " sloop Florida," the latter declined to hold communication with him or the Wachusetts until the public character of the Florida should be recognised. On the next day, the 6th, a gentle. man, named Do Vidiky, presented himself as en voy from the Consul, . and in that capacity read out a note challenging the Florida to fight the Wachusetts. Captain Morris declined to go out of his way either to seek or to avoid his ad versary, and so the colloqay ended. In the middle of the following night, Captain Morris and another batch of men being on shore, the Wachusetts was seen to leave her anchorage and steam towards the Florida, running her down, and pouring in a volley of musketry and canister shot. Lieutenant Porter, the officer in command of the cruiser, thus taken by surprise, beat to quarters and made the best resistance he could, but, with more than half his crew on shore and nothing in readiness for such an attack, he soon found that the odds were too great. After some 10 or 12 had been killed, and many more wounded, he surrendered, when a hawser was forthwith passed from the bows of the Florida to theWachusetts, and she was towed out to sea. The two vessels were afterwards sighted off Per nambuco. Fifteen men had in the meantime jumped overboard to escape being made prisoners, but nine appear to have been picked off from the Wachu setts, and the details of the capture reel chiefly on the testimony of the six survivors. There is a slight discrepancy between the two accounts which we published yesterday with respect to the part taken by the Brazilian naval authorities ; but no doubt can exist Lhat the act was as entirely un foreseen by them as it has been vehemently re sented by the whole community at Bahia. The Brazilian Admiral was present during Captain Morris's interview with the Gov ernor , and sug' gested the position to be taken up by th e Fl orida in the harbour, near his own flagship, for greater safety. While the firing was goi ng on , according " to the narrative of our corresp o nd en t the officer in command of the fl ags hi p se Y riT e o li ff r ' ' boat to require the combatants to desist. Accord inga to the narrative furnished by the paymaster of the Florida to our Southampton correspondent, this boat was not despatched until the Confederate v sel was already being mad e f as t t o the Wachusetts. The two accounts, however, agr.e3 in the statement that the captain of the Wachusetts promised coma and yet proceeded to vary off hie prize The Southern Confederacy, The Columbia South Carolinian gives the fol lowing detailed report of the speech delivered at that place on Oct, 4 by Jeff. Davis : " Ladies and Gentlemen of the metropolis of South Caro lina—Your mayor has welcomed me to your home. I re ceive his greeting with that gratitude which one only feels when he hears expressed the language of commendation from those whose silence would have made him realise that his conduct had been bad indeed. If, in this great struggle for the rights of the . States and the liberties of the people to secure the possession of which, and to transmit which to us our fathers of the revolution shed their blood, South Caro lina, who has stood for 30 years in the vanguard, should give him who asserted these rights no word of well-done, he might turn convinced that he had failed as a public ser vant to perform his mission, and, as a man, had proven un able to cope with the responsibility of his position. There fore it is, Mr Mayor and fellow- citizens of Columbia, that I feel heartily grateful for the welcome receivel at your hands. South Carolina has struggled nobly in the war, and suffered many sacrifices. There is, indeed, no portion ofour island where the pall of mourning has not been spread; but I thank the Giver of all Good that our people still remain firm there, above all other places. I am told there have been none to waver and none to doubt. It often happens that at a distance from a scene of action men who, if present, would easily measure it, magnify danger, until at last those become despondent whose hearts, if actually stirred by perils, would no sooner think of shrinking from the prompt performance of duty than the gallant sons of Carolina, whose blood has so generously flowed on the many battlefields of this war. But if there be any one who feel that our cause is in danger, that final success may not crown our efforts, that we are not stronger today than when we began the struggle, that we are not able to con tinue the supplies to our armies and to our people, let all such read a contradiction in the smiling face of our land,and the teeming evidences of plenty which everywhere greet the eye; let them go to those places where brave men are standing in front of the foe, and there receive the assurance that we shall have final success, and that every man who does not live to see his country bee will see a freeman's grave. (Applause.) There are those who, like the Israelites of old, are longing to turn back to the flesh pots they have left; who have thought there still may have been some fea sible mode of reconciliation, and are even willing to rush into a reconstruction of the Union. Such, I am glad to I know, do not flourish on the soil of South Carolina. Such cannot be tho sentiments of any man in the Con federate States, if he would only recollect that from the heginning down to the present hour your Government has made every effort within its power to avoid a collision of arras in the first instance, and since then to obtain every possible means of settlement honourable to ourselves, based on a recognition of our independence. First, we sent com missioners to ask on what terms the quarrel could be ad justed, and since that time we have proclaimed in every public paper our desire for peace. Insolently our every effort has been met. The Vice-President of the t,ocfederate States was refused a passport to the North when his object was negotiation—that means by which all wars must be ter minated. The door was rudely shut in our faces. Interven tion and recognition by foreign States, so long anticipated, have proved an ignis fatuus- There is, then but one means by which you can hope to gain independence and an hon ourable peace, and that is by uniting with harmony, energy, and determination in fighting those great battles and achiev ing those great victories which will teach the world that we can defend our rights, and the Yankee nation that it is death to invade them. (Applause.) With every Confede rate victory cur stocks rise in the foreign market—that touchstone of European sentiment. With every noble achievement that influences the public mind abroad you are taking one step forward, and bringing foreign nations one step nearer your aid in recognising and lending you friendly intervention, whenever they are satisfied that, in tervention or no intervention, the Confederacy can sustain itself. Does any one believe that Yankees are to be cone ciliated by terms of concession ? Does any man imagine that we can conquer the Yankees by retreating before them, or do you not all know that the only way to make spaniels civil is to whip them ? And you can whip them, if all the men capable of bearing arms will do their duty by taking t heir places under the standard of their country, before the veteran troops of the North receive the fresh increment which is being gathered in the Northern States. Now is the good and accepted time for every man to rally to the stand ard of his country, and crush the invader upon her soil ; and this, I believe, is in your power. If every man fit to bear anus will place himself in the ranks with those who are there already, we shall not battle in vain, and our achieve ments will be grand, final, and complete. Is this a time to ask what the law demands of you—to inquire whether or not you are exempt under the law, cr to ask if the magis trate will take you out of the enrolling -office by a writ of habeas corpus Y Rather is it not the time for every man My count r y nee ds my ser cvatepeasb,lemoyf bearingcountry arms shall haveto sa t y h , e m ? When your heroic fathers, the Whigs of the Revolution, fought in that war which secured your birthright,their armies werenot gathered by asking who can be forced into the field, but Who are able to fight? No man was too old and no boy too young if he had the physical capacity to enter ranks of the army. In the days of the Revolution the boy left his paternal roof only to return to its blacleened ruins. He grew to manhood among its struggles—and may not your country claim similar service from the youth or the present day ? Like them, you must emulate the glory of your sires. Say not that you are unequal to the task, f or I believe that our people are even better than were our honoured ancestors. They have fought more and bloodier battles, and there are fewer who are lukewarm in the cause now than existed in the dee s of the Revolution. What a glorious reflection it is that wherever the tide of -war has rolled its devastating wave over the land just there do you find every heart beat ing true to the Confederacy, strengthened, as it were by vicissitudes, and every woman ready to share her last loaf with the soldier who is fighting for our rights. A plan of negotiation has been offered for consideraeion — a plan of negotiation by States. Well, it is not easy to see on what terms the States can negotiate. In the first place, they have no constitutional power to do so ; in the second place, Mr Lincoln has said that he will not negotiate wi h them unless they can control the army, and they can only controltreatycontrary the they have instituted. But, suppose this were possible, what aro the terms offered ? It you will acknowledge your crime lay down your arms, emancipate your slaves, and turn over your leaders—as they call your humble servant—to be pu nished, then you will have permission to vote together with your negroes upon the terms under which Mr Lincoln will be graciously pleased to allow you to live as a part of the nation over which he presides. If there ho a man within the sound of my voice who contemplates such a proposition I pity him from the bottom of my heart. My only wish is that he was north of the dividing line. His is not the spirit that animated our fathers, and he is not fit to exist among the men who are now porilling their lives in the cause in which wo are now engaged, for he who is so slavish cannot be trusted with the sacred guardianship of the wi dows and orphans of the soldiers who have died in battle. I have just returned from that army from which we have had the saddest accounts—the array of Tennessee—and I am able to bear to you words of good cheer, That army has increased in strength since the fall of Atlanta. It has risen in tone—its march is onward, its face looking to the front. So far as lam able to judge General Hood's stras tegy has been good, and his conduct has been gallant. His eye is now fixed upon a point far beyond that where ho was assailed by the enemy. He hopes soon to have his hand upon Sherman's line of communications, and to fix it where he can hold it. And if but a half—nay, one fourth—of the men to whom the service has a right will give him their strength, I see no chaulnce for Sher . I man to escape from a defeat or a disgracef therefore hope, in view of all the contingencies of war, with all the confidence which I found in tleo army, that within thirty days that army, which has so boi sstfully taken up its winter quarters in the heart of the Confe deracy, will be in search of a crossing on the Tennessee Itiv, That our army retreated far was but a natural precursor of that ta sI aye despon dencyu which.spread itself over the countio7 ; h aroached the region occupied by ou r troops the hope in creased, until at last I found in the a rm y the acme of con fidence itself. General Beauregard, so ye ell known to you all, is going there with a general CDTlimand, which will enable him to concentrate all the troops that can be made available for the public defence, I, therefore, say be of good cheer, for I hope that brighter intelligences will soon reach RI K' Thit FRN: It Sol( the A Obs "Ain 1v at th Th Puny even At Live les % Itep, Tlia Tha