The Sun. — London, England, 1818-09-14 00:00:00

PAR IA AMENTA RY PAPERS. EDLTATION'OF .THE POOR. THIRD REPOIVi FRoIA THE SELECT COMMITTEE UN THE EDVqATI.ON OF THE POUR. (Just Printed ) • • • The Sr.:Act CommirTßE appointed to inquire info Ihe'VDUCATION or THE LowEa Ottoßas, and t, rt.port (belt Ohservatiott theteniwn; together Wltlt ihe NitNIITES OF TOF EVIDENCE Liken be-. fr,r,f !h e m from ;loge to one, to the House; and who w •re it Slructed to evend their logairies to ; . : , cot;and--have timber considered the matters to them . reterted, and agreed upon the following Itvport Your Committee rejoice in being able to state, that since their first appnintlisent in 181 G, when they exainioud the state of the :\letropolis, there is every reason to believe that the exertions of charitahle individuals.and pnblic bodies have. in creaed, *not withstanding the severe pressure of tine times, and that a great augmentation bas taken prece, in the 'Hemp provided for the instr4c.i lion of the Poor tit that, uat ter. They are happy in beta ; able to and, thitt the discussion excited by the fitst Report, and the arguments urged by Ci te :Committee to v3rions patrons of charities who w . et e examined as witnesses, have had the salutary fleet of iin! , rovit , :z: the administration of those institutions, awl rcolcating the importance of ta'tbei bvstawiip , thvir . fUnds t 'merely educating - - a largernuMber, than in giving. both instruction acid other assistance to a more Confined potato' of children." 'As the inanagi:,ment of those excel 7. lent establishments is necessarily placed . beyond tkp contrwl of the Legislature,. it is only, by the ttfe . cts of such candid di,cns'sions that improve ments them Call be effected. Since the. inquiries of your. Committee have been extended to the whole Island. they have hmi tea Son to. conclude that the iueans of edncert. ing_the Poor,are steadily increasing in all consi derable towns;: as well as •in the Metropolis. A circular , lett;er has been sent ro. all the Clergymen in fl:nglapd, Scotland, and. Wales, requiring an s.w.ers,toyrocties, of which. a eg v y Will be found in ,the, Appendix . It, is •impossible to bestow too much copimendation:upoli the alacrity shewn by those reverend persons in complying with this re gnisition;•:entl the honest zeal which they dis phiyed to 1401110te the great object of universal Education, is truly worthy of the'pastors of the people, and the, teachers of that Gospel which was preached to the poor. .T Vain Committee have In.t no time in directing anl . superintending the walk of digesting the va luable information contained in .the Returns, ac cornine toa•convenient'pleltl, which will put the noose in possession' of all this information in a tabular form, - They have received important iti• sistance in this, and. the Other objects of their dairy.,: front two learned ,Barristers, Mt. Parry, end Koe of the Court of Clia'ireery,.whohave deitoted•much of their flaw-to the subject. It appears clearly from the Returns, as well as from btliersonrces, that A very great deficiency exists in. the ',leans of educating the Poor, whet e ever the population is thin, anal scattered over country districts. The et}' , ►rts of individuals con bitred in societies are almost wholly confined to populous • s s _ Another point to which it is /material to..direct the attention of Parliament, tegards the iteo op posite principles, of founding schools for childr e n of all sorts, and for those . only who belOni! to the.EStahlislied Church. Where the means exist of .erecting two schools, one upon each principle, education is -not checkcd by the exclusive plan he ing adopted in one of them, becair..e the other may comprehend the children of sectaries. In places where only one school can be supported, it is manifest "that any regulations which exclude Dissenters, deptive the Poor of that body or all means of education. Your . Commiltee, however, have the greatest satisfaction in, observing, that in many schools vhere the nationtasysiem is adopted, an increas ing degree of liberalitylnevails, and that the chusch, catechism is only taitight, and attendance at the -established , place. of •pi bile worship -only repiiyed.i cif those Whose :parents helong- to the establishment ; due assurance being obtained that. the children of sectaries shall-learn the principles aud.attend the.ordi,ances of religion, according. to the doctrines and forms to which their families are attached. • • . . . It is with.eylitl plcasure..that your, Committee c' found reason to conclude, that • the Rriman Cathoh pcior anxions:to avail themselies of those TroteStatat schook estahlished : in t heir neigh hourhOod, in which no ca;echisin'is. tan t !ht" ; and they indidgc . a ,hope:t . hai the C . rergy of that per stias.ipi, k t y ti tr er disc... g ement to their at- tendance fi . more especially as they appear„ in one instance;:to.have Contributed tO the SoppOrt of sehtOls, Prn.vidcd that, no catechism was .taught, an d. no rebgiiin , observances exacted. It is con tra:"}' to tire - doctrine as aS the diScipli:te of the 11-ornish Cho, ch. to allow any Protestant . to interfere wi;h thoie meters,- and consequently it is• io , p . Bs . silde for Botnanists to'send" their chit dren-to anY.schoo,t, where they form part of the plat% Your C«mtuitfa''ire happy. iq being able to state, that iu 'ail the iietions . , and in all the other information hid before : them, is the mo'sf utine9tionable eyidt:nce that the anxiety ol,the, roorfor education continues not only unabated, I)qt - daily increasing ; twat it extends to.eve:.y part of:..the country, and is to be found - equally preya lent in those siti;•.'.;cr towns and c9untry districts there no weans of ;,;ratifying it are . provided b.y the chari'table efforts of the etcher classes. ' l ' In humbly soggestiog What is lit to be done tor promoting universal education, your Committ ee do not hesitate tostate,- that two different. plans ure.advisahle., adapted to the opposite circum stances of the town and country;districts. Where ever the efforts of individuals can support-the r•e quisite" number of schools, it wonld be unneces sary awl injurious to interpose any.Parliamenrary assisranee:B 'But you:c o.m Cinittec have eleAriy as i certattieu,:'th:it nmany places priyate . tiOnV cci l lifti be laisvd ki meet tie yearly experices o f t h e s chool, while the original cost of the un dertaking, occazioned chiefly by the erection and •purehafe of the e school-house, prevents it fro:n . being attempted. Your Committee Conceive, that a sum of money might he well employed in supplying this first .want, leaving the charity of individuals to furnish the annual provision requisite for courinuing the school, and possibly for repaying the advance. Whether the money should, he vested ,in Com missioners, empowered to make the fit terms with the private parties desirous of establishingschlrbli, :or whether a certain sum should be intrusted . to The two great institutions in Loiidon for promot ing education, your Committee Must leave to be determined by the wisdom of Parliament. In the numerous diittiets where no aid from private exertions can be expected, and where the poor are manifestly without adequate means of instruction, your Committee are persuaded, that nothing can supply the deficiency but the adop tion, under certain material modifications. of the parish, school system, so usefully establ6lied .in the Northern part of the Island, ever since the latter part of the 17th century, and upon whist) many important detOls will be found in the Ap pendix. The modifications will be dictated principally by the necessity of attending to the distinction, already pointed out, between districts where Pri vate charity may be expected to (tarnish the means of education, and those where no such resource can be looked to;, and the Tables imbjhined this Report will afford important lights on this subject. it appears further to your CoMmittee, that it may be fair and expedient to assist the pa rishes where no school-houses are erected uit it the means of providitig them, so as only to throw upon the -inhabitants the hurthen of paying the schoolmastet's salary, which ought .certainly not to exceed 241. a year. It appears to your Com-. mittee, that a sufficient supply of schoolmasters, may be procured for4bis sum,- allowing them the benefits of .taking scholars Who can afford to and permitting them 9f:course to occupy their leisure hoori in other pursuits. The.expence at tending this, invaittah_le spier)] in Seoiland 4 .is found to be so very trifling, that it is never made the: subject of,complaint by any of the, land holders. Your Committee forbear to. inquire minutely in 'what manner this system ought to be Cottnected with the Church, Establishment. That such a - connexion ought .to. be funned . appears manifest ; it is dictated by a regard to the prosperkty and stability.of both systems„ and in Scotland the two are mutually connected together. But a difficulty arises in England, which is not' lobe Found there. The great body of the Dissentera front the Scottish Church differ little, if at all, in doctrine trout the Establishment ; they are separated only hy certain opinions, of a political rather than a religious na ture, respecting the right of pairtinage, and by some shades of dist iuction as to church discipline; so that they may conscientionsly send their *chil dren to palis' schools connected with the Esta blishment, and teaching its catechism. In Eng- , land the case is widdy different ; and it appears to your Committee essentially necessary that this cir euthstance be carefully considered in the devising arrangements of the system. To place the choice of the schoolnia•ter to the. parish vestry, subject to the approbation of the parsdn, and th 4 visita tioit of the diocesan ; hot. to- provide that the children of seetatiaus shall not be compelled to learn any catechism, or attend airy church, other than those of their pareots, seems to your Com mittee the safes't path by whiat the Legislature can hope to obtain the desirable ohjeets of secu rity to the Establishment on the ofie hand, and justice to the Utssenters on the other. The more extended inquiries' of 'Your CoMmit tee this Session haVe amply confirmed the opinloo which a. more limitediovestigation had led thent to form two years ago, upon the neglect and abuse of charitable'fouds connected with education. — They must refer to Appendix and the Tables, for the very important details of this branch of the subject ;- but they'most add, that although in many cases those large funds appear to have been `misapplied through ignorance, or mismanaged through carelessness, yet that some instances of abuse have presented themselves of such a nature as would have led them to recommend, at an ear lier period of- the Session, the institution of pro , ceedings for More promptly :checking , misappro ,priationsi both in: the partiettlar cases, and by the force of a salutary 'example. From the investi gations of. the ,Commission about to be issued under the authority of .an, Act of Parliament, much advantage may be expected ; and though it would not become your Committee to anticipate the,rneasures, which the .wisdom of the Legisla ture may adopt in consequence of those inquiries, with.a view to provide a speedy and cheaper re inedy for the evil than the ordinary tribunals of the.coontry : afford ; yet your Committee cannot avoid hoping, that the mere report and publica tion of the existing abuses . will have a us tterial 'effect in .leading the parties concerned to correct them, and that. even the apprehension of the in quiry about to he instituted•may iu the wean tittle produce,a effect.. As the Universities, Public Schools, and Cha tities . with special visitors, are exempted from tite jurisdiction of the., Commissioners, your Coin • ..m!ttce have been occupied. in examittiog sevei al of those ,Institutions; the result ot their, inquiries will. be found in the. Appendix. It unquestion ably. slot ws , that cons itlei able, unauthorized devia tions have been made, in both Eton and Winches ter, from the original plans of the founders; that those deviations have been dictated more by a re gard to the interest of the Fellows thau of the Sebolai:s, - vslio,were the main object of the toms datioos,. and of the founders' bounty ; and that although in some respects- they haveproved bene ficial upon the, whole to the Institutions, yet that thylitive been, by gradual encroachments iu for• nie.r. flares, carried too far, While, ,therefore, ,yo'ur,Committee readily acquit the present lows of all blame in this respect, they entertain confident es:pc...o4lnm that they will-seize the op, portunity atiorded,by the,impity, of doing them selves hotioor,,by correcting. .the abuses Om( have Crept, in, .asjiq .as Ale teal interests the eSta hildtmouts rosy appear to tvguite If, too, thl're siTuld exist similar errors. in the UoiVersi ti9s, whichltave not been examined; your Coto i'lottee willingly flatter themselves that steps will be taken to correct them, by the wisdom and in tegrit y oF,the highly testrect able petstitis:lo Whose lands the concerns of those great bodies Me corn matted, . . Your Committee are fully persuaded, that many gieat neglects arid abnies exist iu chatities which have srecial visitors.; intletd , it so happens, that the ,worst instance which they have met with belongs to this class 3. antl that oo visitatorial power Was exercised, - MI6l a lent months agd, although the maleersations had existed for raany years. To this subject they therefore. beg leave to request the speedy attention of Parliarrtenl• It further appears to your Cointnittee, that as the Commission about to he issUed will be con fined to the investigation elf abuses, and as the in formation, in Parochial Returns, is not sufficient ly detailed respecting the state of ednesitiOn ge nerally, a CoMMission should also be issued, either, under an Act Of Parliament, or by-means of" an Address to the Crown, for the purpose of supplying this defect. lii the course of their inquiries, yonr Com mittee have incidentally observed, that charitable funds, connected with education, are not. alone liable to great abases. EqUal negligence and MafversatiOn 'appears to have prevailed in all other charities ; and although yiltir Committee have no authority, by their instruction, to investigate the t»atier, and to report npien it, yet they should deem themselves wanting in theiraduty were they not to•give this notice of so important a subject, accidentally forced upon their attention. 3d June, ISIS. OLD BAILEY. FORGED BANK NOTES. 0o Saturday John b riscol was arraigned upon sitriodictment which charged him with having.nt feted a Jyrged. 51. note, knowing it he forged. The prisoner, who appeared to be about 40 years dt aye. pleaded guilty. The Court, however, strongly recommended him foWithdraVrthat and,p4sad not goilty.• The prisoner said he could not do that, as he was guilty of having the note in his possession, but-be did not know it to' be forged. The'CommoN SERGEANT observed to him, tifiit• • in that case he i was not guilty, and advised_ him, not to throw away. his life by pleading guilty to the indicitneot.' He begged him to consid'er that it Was. a capital offence,- and for the nubile secu rity. forgers of bank-notes-must undergo the:sen tence of the law ; he . could expect to tiet ive no benefit froM that plea; should it be recorded, he must expect to die. Prisoner.—How, my Lord, can .11 plead' not guilty—they swear they found the notes in my room, and I know I had them in my possession, but I did not-know they were forged ? Mr. COMMON. SERGEANT again persuaded- Isim to plead not guilty, and thereby put the proof, of the allegation upon his prosecutors; he was not guilty because another person said so. iaoner.--Guilty, my Lord, guilty. Mr. COMMON SlifiGEANT,—Prisoner, for the last time; let me advise you as a friend nut to throw away your life. Do not flitter yourself that yort will derive any miditantage ;tom this plea, which, if you persist in, will be at the expence of your, life: Let Me threfore entreat you to 'plead not guilty. Pray console- yoor attorney. The prisoner then had some conversation with his Attorney, and at length, •thopgh with consi• derable reluctance, pleaded not guilty.. Mr. Sergeant BoSANQUET stated the circum stances of tiie case to the Jury, in doing which he observed upon the necessity of such prosecutions, and regretted that its these times of ingenuity nothiogcomild be found so as to prevent the pos sibility of forgery. 1-le was proceeding to advert to circumstances extraneous to the case itself, when Mr. Justice BAYLEY stopped him by say ing, that it would be better for hiM to confine him- self to the-case, and not to make observations, - upon the law. The case, as proved in' deuce, was as follows :—On time (18y mentioned in the indictment, the prisoner went into the shop of Mr. Sproston, of No. 3, Bedfordhney, and pur chased souse velveteen' and cottoo, which clone to four pounds seven shillings, in payment of which' be gave a 51. note, Which was proved to be forged.' He next went in company will; another person, named Lloyd, to a public•honse kept by a man named Cordell, in Fashion-street, Spitalfiehls ; and its payment for some refreshment, which came to (is., Lloyd gave him•another 51. note, which also proved to be forged in every respect. At Mr. Sproston's he gave his address, " Nevis, 5, Crown -street, Soho ;" and it was proved that no such person lised at eitherNumhers 8 (there being two) its that street. In conseouence• of information - received by Foy, the offieer - , Plank, and Mr. Christmas, one of the. Bank lo spectors, proceeded to the prisoner's lodgings in Lamb -court, ‘Vhite-cross-street, where - they found the prisoner in bed, anti tinder the table they found a rolling-pin, which screwed at the top, and on unscrewing it they discovered it to be hollow ; and on further examining it they found five 51. notes, which proved to he longed, and were of the same description as those passed to Sproston and, Cordell. They also found - , a4iece of velveteen, which, hosever, Mr. Sproston could not swear to be that identical piece which he sold to the prisoner. Mr. Justice BAYLev.rec"apitulated time whole of the evidence to tlie Jury. who almost instautly . prononneed the prisoner Geilty—Death. lfillians Wollcr and George Cashman were-Oetr. pot to ,the bar, on an indictment which charged them with tittering a forged one-pound Bank' of England Note, on the 18th of July last, in the parish of St. James, Clerketr.vell, knowing it to he forged. The prisoner, Woller, 113;1 been tried and acoojteed last. St silo's, for having in his pos session forged Bank -notes, knowing theta to be fudged. The prosecution was comineted by Mr. Sergeant BOSANQUET, Mr. REYtiOLDS; and Mr. Bo'LLAND; • and the defence . by Mr. ALIPIF: and Mr. ANniCews.—lt appeereci in - evidence., that ; t)oth prisoners being. suspected by the Bonk of England of being large dealers..in 'forged notes,• resort Wag had to Mehtis of - detect ing. their A wom an name d A n ni Fear, whose husband is tio‘v On board the bulks as comict, for having .'longed notes in his rlCS:SesSiffil, was o ne of the principai agents engaged its the proceeding. On t he 11th of July, she had au interview with the • 4.0 prisoner tt•oUer , At tlit'COOpets' Arms, tt , street' . Golden-lane, when, lie sold her two ' Pb- g ; pound Bank-notes at the rete of nine shilliogi a piece, she g i v i n g him in value a watch ty' r i :t 15s. At another interview, on the. F 4th July, in the same , place, sh yote p urc h a se,' of "„ two more one-poond notes, and these and the fo` met' she took to Mr'. Christmas, one Of th e P .!. 0 spectots of the Bank of Engkand. On these 0 ' casions she had Feen ace9mpanied by a 0111.1!,0 named Goy, who did not go into the house ' her, but remained Ontside, on the weiPcit. titer meeting wars .appointed for the SuntlaY lowing, when she was to purchase ten more not e 4 at the rate of 7s. Gd, each, and on that occa si° A the other prisoner Was present,. and he appe Bret , to take as active a part - as the other in the 08 10 0 action. At the instance of this Vitlflifin the p ot soners agreed to meet a man naMedselletli it was represented to them by her, Wantedttq u i chase some five-pound notes, which they agrees to sell at two pounds a-piece. --.--Sellers, who " 1 5 a police-officer, dreied hitnself for the o ccasi° ll° / a horse-dealer, anii had an interview with ( 311 „.' ° , 0 the prisoners, when it was agreed to sell 1 , four fives, at 21. each, and ten ones, at 9s• eA The prisOners Were afterwards apprehended. . I‘fr , This *omen, on her cross-examination bY ALLEY, stated that she had never been proro e( •, pardon for "her husband, if she convicted the PO soners or any other' person ; she lived in 04d e r f Str . rer, Westntioster-road, and got, her living , going out washing and ironing; she did nut e do peer.noy other remuneration from the Batik a compensation-for her loss of tiros; :she w° s li de exantioed at the Bank ! ! and then what she io was - reati to the prisoners,before the' its gistrate. eel J' , sr ph Guy corroborated in many t0 5.6 ; ' ,0 , the testimony of Fear, but, in his cross•e ol , w r • l i i; lion by Mr. ANDREWS; he said he lived ' O , cess-row, itennington-cross ; he lived a"11.1 c he habired with a woman who was not his Wir e ; 1, had a wife living at Wandsworth ; hot Ise itt not seen her for four years. He had hee i a no t TothillfieldS prison for Otte but ba u ; e r, y g been in an other prison for' any thin vvlra tp Win.. Sellers, a constable of the pat ish of P g le-bone, also confirmed Feat'a test ithotty, 85 f3r he was concerned. • • • Cashman; in his defence,. said, ao" co , be neve r PPle Fear mitt! he saw her at the Police Office, 1' out ofwitieh she said—" illy husband o' o ' ti : ll A ported for forged notes last „Session ti"`"",:fr Jew, and iwill hang till the Jews i 3 11;e cn a Y I can, as they are all rektives. ; ' Wolter made no defence.. ~ evi i 'NI!. Justice BnattouGti summed up 1° - J O§ denCe, and the Jury found both the Pr is° ' Guilty—=Death:' 1 ‘ 441 MELANCHOLY StilClDE.—All Inquest iVg A - t r fl iii on Friday night, at the Cross public-lio n i T i o ;, Petticoat-lane, on the body of Sarah W ill ,,“;till who hung herself on the morning of the Pre h r , a l t ett day. Deceased, had married a journeyma n v v - g t s ' i who afterwards was transpo r ted In, seven j e e e` and, during his absence, from the 11 , C 55 / I ':, ‘ s r il l . want, had contracted animiniacy ,sith 0 .14e ( Petticoat-lane, siitlr whom she enhabitcd• ( 6' husband had returned from beyond sea 3, 311(.6 4 1 ; dentally met her in Gowell- street liv 3 t tir t :l ,o 1 when she frankly told him the particular' ( n eo t melancholy lot. Having got some emplo l n , her husband thonght proper to c l a im l!er fr, 4 , - , 111 Jew ; but on Thursday she wa s di s ? !o yerr a Ir e hanging from her bed-post.. Her husbalwi P to recover her, but all attempts were "i"', ► fit', ceased was 'six• months . tadvauced in pr'g:';o l " tier husband cut her down. A verdict o f ' pity " was returned by the Jury. .. ~ • r dol Sr - 0 ; BODY Ol A GRNTLEMAX F:,DN D. i found dead in a field on - tine side of 11(11. t) 011 ' rno!!ing.k, Gentleman of respectable e%tec°r,,,sci the body, or any. external appearance of ': c il !tibi, WOod. r.r, li . e . r e xeere no marks of violence `l`vitife .. , to cause. suspicion that his death was proo'-'; t ii; unnatural pleans. tioniellihing tackle laY,`,'!i o ` ground, near tic body of the deceased, o'"'''bel° been seen Frogiii in a brook near the P kce '1 his body •WaS discOiel : ed. [•• a 0, 4' . . - " - A letter ,from Scarborough. dated S. , P r- ,'";leV ---'.` On Satpidaylast, Mr. Oldie, of ‘" ( )It , Bird, near Leeds., and Mr. Blanchard 00,00, Day, of York, went o n a s hout lug ex c ' 11 ,00, 1 NV . jIII two mariners, in a pleasure -host, " et hv' Ftley, and on their return the boat %VA' 11 P' - I ' , sudden gust 4 wirtd, about bait . a mile f r o c n; j,i e le .;bridge, when Mr. Blanehaid and Mr• p ill' were thrown into the sea •; Mr. Day and t be f di e men were fortunate enough to catch h o ld r o o d boat. Mr.Blaochard, after being under `" T te °d i ( times, caught hold . of the boat also• M t of fe 'il • (being a swimmer) made for the bridge, but proceeding ' about a quarter of a mile, 10 5 st , de l ' i failed him. Every exertion had betto MI .0 10 6 " Air. Oddie, but all in Vkiin. Ili a :: stj' ° have offered a reward tat 501. to airy Pll sa can find the body." , . ----- , 31 1 Y of C3P On the 12th instant, in Burners-ot re ct, the -' et, 4tr e Hanthctt, f. On the 32thinst. Mes. f .JohnChnrch, o f G•rc.at D>es 13eilford-row, of .1 ;laughter. . , NIAItItIgD. . Oit Saturday last, at St. Andrew's, Holborl:r.:)l7.°o"3o:l'9,;a°'t oEfsl.h:flatle'‘l"Alrill'e"r;i:at:LatlilliaunniePrl'(ttunfe r ' • '''' W I , c ' 't' sad lit(4)::;iN'sa-Ipulirtte4ti•,Yto.lN.lSis'sSHno',lght.•*s,l:4,f(Valp(l:::!cfle;39:°ll. . . . „ e€o 64 • DIED. , , . . , ,_!. ,g,./ _ Tuesday, the . ath inst. in the 59th years u ' E T. , t , str eer , Best, F.sq. -of Chilstott Park, its the couoty of ';', o v ij ter t On the 'nth inst. At his "hoise, :,1), (" (' tid e :, Soho, Mr. William Uotles, aged . 4 5. . , t fte ,.o o On the fith' inst. Nliss Nlatilda Vv'allingt"adrrel daughter of'Mr. A. Wallington, sulieitur,o"3 O al 131aelifriars. , ifr Wllll3° ee On.Jhe i lib - inst. at his house at Ewel l ' L. . n d4 r- 1 ,1 11 ham, jun. Vite • • Itt•-..,i; nue( -st t eet. , I,IIW , j".• •On Saturday last, .Irs. Maidtnan, Pa„,,,tor u L widow of the late Rev. James liociiiitillt .'' _Middlesex. . ' ' . ----- o t ..------- 0 LONnoN, Piiritcil Irv.). B. r,,,:itsTAl-. f ri er , i Ormond-street, Queen-square; mid P " — ,;l e t, 3t •o V 1 SCRIPPS, of No. 7, South Nlolton-so% oventl Office, No. 112. Strand ; where Adve'totel. Letters, - l'ku. (rust-paid) mu st be addl.' • I, i ~~ i kb:( I) 1,13 4r i d