The Sun. — London, England, 1818-03-04 00:00:00

'should he e - eetci . s.d, as they were 'such to Which the cowl ry was .iititaccustomed. The l'e!'tlion was from Jonathan 13,ckteV, who kept a small hook seller's and pamphlet 'shoo, at lVarringtonovhcre 501(1 ce)(4.,7 of the Political Litany; Pima in Londoo, be was seated by order of the Magis trates, hand-cuffed, and confined several days in irons. Meanwhile his house was searched, and though not anothee copy of the parodies euniti be 'found in it, a number of lei•ltorical and religions books were carried away, several of which had not heel, returned. The Quarter Sessions being over, he was confined sixteen. seek 3, anti. calico to the next Sessierts, in a cart, ironed,. and in company with felons. During this time his wife and family were reduced to ruin, and obliged to tective assistance from the parish. The lion. Geutleman then commented on the different treat ment received by Hone, who was the original pub lisher, and who was only committed to the King's Bench. He then added, that lie 'had anotherPe thins) to present front a person, similarly Circum stanced. It was from- Samuel Billing, of War ringtou, who had been taken up at. the same lime, nnd after being confined in chains, was. assaulted by the turnkey, who . gave hint two black eyes. The petitions were severally read they prayed the House, in its wisdom, to take measures for preventing the recurrence of such. cruel conduct. On time question for their lying on she table, Mr. lIENNET said he wished to ask the Amtor ney-General whether, as these unfortunate per sons still stood on their own recognizances, he . meant to call theM forward at the next Sessions ? The•ATTOENEY..GENERAL thought'there must he some mistake. Their recognizJoces bad bound them to appear in the Court of King's bench, which they had done. Unless, therefore, these persons wine to receive the usual notice of trial within a certain number of days before the Ses sions, they would not be bound to appear. Mr. BENNET replied that this was no answer to him question. He would put it plainer, by asking him whether he did not feel it to be his duty to discharge those persons from their recognizances, after the three acquittals of Mr. Hone.? _ The ATTORNEY-GENVRAL had no objection to give an answer. He should not feel it his duty to discharge the recognizauces of any of those persons who have published any of such blasphe mous and infamous libels as those for which Hone was tried. NVbetherhe should proceed to prose cute those persons %vas another matter ; hut he should 'not forego his ditty as to What appeared to him to be libels, because the person charged with having published those libels in another place had been actritted by a Jury : lor he had known it • happee, that the offence of such publications had not been equally considered by different. Juries ; and there tore it •did not follow that such poldications by other people should en title them to have their recognizances dischar ged, because one publisher had hero acquitted. He did not wish to make any reflection the con duct of the Juries who aeqeitted Hone, or on their verdict ; bur the question of libtl or no libel was so 11111C11 a matter of difference of judg ment, that lie was not satisfied, .because one Jury thought those parodies not libels," another might not think- quite the reverse. There were many circumstances that might have weighed on the minds of •Hone's Jury.. It was proved that after certain persons had told him the publications were improper, be had stopped them. But did it tol- low, that men n hing the sante horrid things in defiance .of the prosecution going on against Hone, an►l even courti►►g prosecution while sell- . . ing their disgustiog poison at the corner of every street, were to be deemed to have committed no • outrage against religion and morality, because Hone happened to be acquitted ? He had no hesi tation in saying, that be-did not think it his duty Sc) abstain - from similar prosecutions because Hone bad been acquitted,—(Hear, hear, hear !)—but whether he should do it in the individual cases a ll u d e d to by the Hon. Gentleman, was another question. He had certainly removed the tiones's case by certiorari into the Court of King's Bench, because he did not think it would be just towards the individual to Jet him be (tied before -the Quarter Sessions, till he haft brought to trial him Whom he considered as the principal. Mr. LYTTLETON was. glad to have this oppor tunity of declaring the dt testation anti abhorrence in which he held those blasphemous piodnet ions. The 'verdict ought not to altt r the opinion of any man ; and if he had attended earlier in that House be should have felt it his duty tar contribute his mite towards correcting the mischief that had been done by the verdicts those JUries had givea.. He held it to be sound law, that those men who had contributed to circulate such produetions might be prosecuted, and verdicts given' against them ; but he would say, with regret, that he believed the effect of farther prosecutions would be rather to aggravate than decrease the evil. .. Mr. BROUGHAM quite agreed with ki3 Hon. Friend in his opinion respecting those infamous and disgusting puhlicat ions, and also in not .wish ing to make any remark disnaraging•tp the Juries. But if he had been on those Duties, under ail the circumstances of the prosecution,' he shOnld have, felt himself bound to return the same verdict.. He only wished that the same meas tires had been dealt . out at all times to all men. Lord CASTLEREAGH really could not suffer such, observations to pass without offering some com ments upon them. He must protest most strongly against the doctrine that h ad been promulgated respecting Juries nothing was more liable to or deservin4 of animadversion ; for never Was ,a doctrine heard more fatal to the principles of justice, than that a Jury, acting on their oaths, Were to travel out of the question, and enter into pok,ical motives for their verdict.—(Hear, hear !)—He had never heard any doctrine so con trary to the laws, or so fatal to the tranquillity of the country, if it were possible that it could re ceive any sanction beyond the opinion of the Hon. Gentleman.—(Hear, hear!)—But this opiilion ot, Juries having a i ight to set themselves up as political partisans was 11:04 dangerous, and if the Honourable Gentlemen were, to reflect on 'the tendency of such an opinion, it must con-. tribute to lower him in his own estimation, as such conduct on the part of Juries would • be high offence against the countiy. The blasphe 'stiles for which the trials had taken place were employed to corrupt the minds of those wh o had , . • - not. file bapacoy- to re3ist them, and t ! ,r 'the pose of 'resiteet for religion tiOin their breast. If he conic] fetneinbei any thhi tt of those parodies on which the ldOttourable Geutic tuan conmented, he thought they had nut been addressed to the lOwer Orders. of fhc,peOple, but to those claSses whose minds could not be affected by their contents ; 13nt it waS'against a doctrine so monstrous and daiigerOuS as that Which had been delivered that he must prOtest. Mr. Iltiour; reidied that the' doctrine against which the Noble Lord so vehemently }protested ‘t's no doctrine of his ; but his doctrine was, that the Jury - had been placed in such a situation that they could do no otherwise than they dud. WVILBEIttoucB did not wish to judge at all of the motives of the Jury. He was utterly igno rant of the libels, having never read them. lie alluded to the J►rosecntiun (-or the publication of the second part of the Age of Reason, in proof of his opinion, that it was not likely such prose cutions could tend to increase the circulation of the libels ; as those I bets were, before the prose. cutions, in such a degree of circulation, tl►at it was not possible to extend them, brit atter it had taken place, this circulation stopped. After paying n►any compihnents to the Attorney-General for his conduct, the Honourable Gentleman said he must confess that lie (Mr. W.) had endea•• voured to have . those prosecutionsconducted on such ground, that it would have been impos sible they could appear to have any political motives. He then entered into a severe reproba tion of such publications, and conchnled with de claring his opinion that the Law Officers of the Crown would not have . done their duty if they had not interposed in defence of the religion. of the country. _ Lord COCH RANG said, it was incumbent on Alinisters to punish those who had instigated -re bellion, as they were pleased to call it. 1-lone had been tried for committing an offence against t . eligion, while his offence was solely and d;rected against Ministurs. The Petitions were then ordered to lie on die table. Lord A. 1 - IAmIt.ToN presented a Prtition from the Corporation of the Town of Ayr, the nature of which could not he heard, but it was supposed to tel to the state ()U tile Scotch B,,roughs. Sir S. ROMILLY said he had 45 Petitions to present, praying for a Reform in Parliament. They were signed by not more than twenty per sons each. They imagined that there was a law to prevent persons from petitioning that House in greater numbers ; but they were entirely mis taken. The first of these Petitions; and he he lieeed they were all alike, prayed for a law to allow all persons to have a right to cote for Members of Parliament. He did not coincide with this opinion ; but he had been solicited to present, the Petition. They were then brought up, and it appeared they came from Bristol. They were read - short, and ordered to lie on the table. Lord COCHRANE presented a Petition from Ro bert Thorn, a weaver of Glasgow, who hail, been taken up under the Habeas Corpus Suspension Act. The petitioner, who asserted his innocence, complained of having been arrested and committed to prison, where he was kept for five days with out be;ng supplied witicany aliment, and exposed to all the horror's of famine and the inclemency of the season. During a !Unger period he had hall no bed - to lie npon. lie had subsequently been somewhat better accommodated, and had been al lowed the sum of 'eightpence per (lay, out of which he had to purchase coals and other neees sarits. He fun tier complained, that when he' felt sick from the hard Ships to which he was subject ed, he had been denied medical assistance. simple denial of the facts 'ought not to satisfy the House. The ' case ought to be . fully investi gated, that if the jailer had been guilty of the oppression imputed to him, public indignation might fall on the right head. The petition having been read, Mr. FINLAY said, he knew from a most anthen tie sonrce, from a 'Gentleman who bad recently gone over the prison, and had heard every one of the prisoners expreSS satisfaction at the manner in which they were treated, and thanks for the at tention paid to their families, 'which had been placed in a better situation than they could have hoped to provide for them. With respect to the innocence of the party, he believed . he would not have dared to state on that subject what appeared in the petition in any Court or place it here he was known. Though he would be the last titan to oppose an inquiry where any thing like areal grievance called for redress, yet, on the present occasion, knowing the gaol in question to be le matkable for the 'regularity and propriety of its arrangements, he could not believe the petition in any respect entitled tO the attention of the House. The petition was ordered to be printed. Lord CoctlaASE presented - two petitions from Wm. Irwin and John thiehanan, two (4ber 'per sons Who ' had . been Confined, under -. the Habeas Corpus Suspension Act , which, in the main cir cumstances complained of, were similar to that which he hail jast laid before the House. 'One fist these individuals stated his life to have been pru.setved by the interference Of a Member of that liOnse (Mi. J. 1 1 .Grant),who might he questioned as to the truth .of this statrip e nt.........Th, petitions Were ordered to lie on the table. Sir S. ROMILLY presented a petition from Henry SchOltei, of Doctors' Commons, respecting extra parochial exec►ptions.--Referred to the . COmMit-' tee on time• Poor Laws. ISC E LL A NEOUS. On the motion of Mr.F.DOUGLAS, a Committee was ap pointrd to starch the JoiNrnais.of 4he Lords fur prodredings on papers communics►te►) by the Prince Regent. ;Mr. F. DOUGLAS ►uoted for an Account of Fees or other buties'j►aid un Pardons granted tinder the Great 'Seal, as far as' regarded the Office of the Secretary 'of State for the Home . Department.—Ordered. PETITIONS, A Petition was presented from Beverley against the Leather . Tax:;-:4/rifered to lie on the Table, Lord COCHRANE presented 100 Petitions from Leeds in Yorkshire, 45 from► Bristol, 5 front Newcastle-upon-Tyne,. and several from other places, in favour of a Reform of Par liament. 'The,e Petitions were each signed by 50 persons, in stead of 4.50,000;as lAA year, but he hoped- before the' close Of the •ticSsion that Petitioners would conic forward' more nume rous tha❑ ever. The Petitions were ordered to lie on the tattle. copyRIGHT OF Aumoßs. Sir EGERTON BR YDGES, in rising to move for leave to bring in a Bill to alter the law with respect to tile Copyrights of Authors ; stated the grieva►ices which he wished to remedy to be in ttisy _wO.rg i , n lhat.of ttbir of a very st .c,„ us nature, no t (nil?. tiOltcl affected anthers, but as they lit erat nre tuo n v,ed, for.leaveto hi ti . is a lak to"altc-r Col/right Act of the ir4th of the King. . Loot A.. tiA.M be sftottld ~ nopose. the Bill, if its 1./c to nose of the Bill furalt.rly hir,inglit • Mr. PEEL, , icrinies - cing itt the infrinitictinti of the Bitroliti not lileillt twah•andon the oppolition hr hatt givett to the sure whe'n it Was last before the House. • 1..6rd I'AI,NIEftSTON and Air..POItBES to the Saure* , . elfee.t.l--LeaVe was giVen to°6ring its the triti:El • IA VINGS: . „ Mr. BABINGTON Moved an Addrei's,tO the Prince ftezerit for a list of all Rectories, VicarazeS, Chapelries, and Per petnafturacie in the gift tit the Crown Cnot fallen by a lapse to the ( ro w n) now vacant,' specifYiNg the time at which they had become vacant. After a few wordS from MeSsrs. Broug ham, Curwen, 11.1thurst. and Mr. Wynn, ii is the it)tlon was agreed to. The Lion. Member then ranted for an Address, praying for a Itetvirn of thy Rectories, 'Vicarages, and perpet rat Curaeies, fallen by a lapse to the Crown, and specifying the comities in which they were situated, and the ti,oe at which ttie lapse had taken place.—The motion- was agreed to. CONSTITUTION OF THE lONIAN ISLES.. Sir C. NIONCIti moved that the Political Constitution of the lonian Isles, ra tified by his 11.4a1 Highness the Prince Regent, in the Treaty signed at Paris in tBl5, should be laid before the House.—The motion was agreed to. CONDENINED SPANISH SHIPS. Dr. PHILLIMORE wished to know whether it was the pleasure of the ;louse that the motion, of which he had given notice, should now he brought on. Mr. AVILBERFORCE suggested the expediency of poSt ponino• the motion, : on a c cou nt of the absen c e o f an Hon. Mezub ' er of great weight in that House, who bad intended to take a part in the Debate. Dr. i"HELLINIORE was anxious to. say he had only been prevented from bringing on the motion before by the pressure of most important business. He naw wi s h e d to take that Course which should he most agreeable to the House. He, however, was inclined to postpone the' motion fo► the pre sent, but he wished it:to come on as early as possible. Air. LYTTLETON thought the motion ought to be post poned. Mr. WILBERFORCE thought it might bc well to postpone it till Tuesday next. _ Dr. PHILLINIORE had only hesitated to pot it off on ac mint' of its having been preciously so frequently postponed. The inotion was postponed till Tuesday. The Amerierat Trade Bill was read a secoml time, and or dered to he committed on Monday, an,l to be printed. AIIMY ESTIMATE,s. Mr. A RBUTH NOT brought up the Report'of the Committee of Supply. Mr. LvITLEfoN did not mean at present to ob ject to the Resolutions contained in the Report, but he.wi,hed to call the attention of the !louse to our or two . points, which be thought of im portance. The practice of exacting from every Of an affidavit before he received! his half-pay, that he held no office of emolument under Go vernment, he thought ought to be dispensed with, unless Cogent' reasons could be strewn for retaining it. He also objected to the regula tion under which no Wi,tow possessing, from other sources, an . income donble in amount to the }tension to which the services of her husband might give her claim could receive that pension. it was hard that - the widow of an Officer who badlosured his life fur an annuity tit 1001., and paid for it sums ,which he could illspare',"Shotild, on account of her clanit 'forfele . the 50!. per annum to 'she' would under other 'cir cumstances have been entitled. He wished as much as any-man for retrehinent ; but this was not the economy which the HMISC and the coup, y looked for at the hands of •Nliiisle'rs. Loid PALMERSTON sail with respect to the afii da%it. it was required by the .:Appropriation Act, so 'this •Was not. the occasion for Aisett'SSit'ig it 3 merits. Ile, however, at gued that it -cv,s justified by the reason of the case, and the statements of the Hononrable Gentletn.rit were not borne out by analogy. The arrangement Complained -of which regarded the IVidows' Pensions had the recommendr;tion of the CoMmittee of Fitianct: in the last Session of Parliament. Sir C.' MoticK, as the Treaty of 1315 provided that the lonian Isles should share the expense of the garrisons and tips requisite to secure that utilitaty possession which was necessary to the protecting country, wished to know what propor tion of the expense they had borne ? Mr. GouLßo RN stated a Constitutional' Body to ,have been funned in the 'lonian States, to raise . the stuns necessary for the maintetfance of the garrison 'of 3000 men to be kept up' there. Mr. Lvvr4TotY wiShed to know 'What part of the Report of the Comm it'tee which had'been men tioned., recommended the arrangement 'with re spect to the Widows' Pensions, Of which he (.Mr.' Ly4tleton) had complained. : Sir W. By ROUGus commented on the Report generally, and compote(' the present estimates of the present, the third year of peace, with those of 1792 and 1793, the last year of peace before the French Revolution and the first 'year of war. The whole of the force maintained for Great Britain and Ireland, and the Isles of Jersey and Guernsey in 1792, amounted to 27,701 'men; including of ficers. Now when there was less' daoger to be apprehended, there was ati excess for` the home service of 29,.'"26 men. The whole regular force voted by Parliament for 1793, when the war had broke out, Was 70,521 men. Over this there was, on the total amount of the foree . now kept up at . the cOrnine . ncement of the third )tear of peace, an , excess of 11,12 i men. He concluded by' movin g , as an amendment, that the total force be lin,ooo, juStead of 11'3;000, Mr. CURWEN thought the House must be rinsed by the eloquent Speed) of his Hon. and Learned Plielid'who spoke l a st. H e i ns i ste d upon the necessity of every possible retrenchment,. and said the amendment had his cordial support. Lord PA 1.51 . IiSTON said, that without meaning any disrespect to the Hon. Baronet (Sir W. Bur roughs), he did think it necessary to waste the time of the Ilo n se io . giVing any answer to the thread-bare argiunents which . it contained. — Thete was no p'arallel between the VatiOus pe riods mentioned • by the Hoir. BarOnet and the present time, whet' the •circumstanct:s of the country were so Much'Changeil, aiid the increase in the pOpolation had increased the number of turbulent spirits in the country.--(Hear, hear front the Opposition.) • Mr. CA LC RAFT - said; that the Noble Lord who spoke last treated the arguments adduced . • against the amount of the proposed Peace' Estab lishment as if they bad been torn' to shreds ; whereas, in truth, they reirraiired totally Unanswer ed.. He thought that; when it was eoltsideredhow flattering; an account of the'tratiquir stay!. of Ire landdiad been last night'gieeo by the Right Hon. .Gentleinan opposite' (Mr: it 'would be al lowed that a considerable reduction might be 'made in the amOunt of force: for • Ireliind. lteCUSeil Hon;'66l - itlemati "(Mr; le raft 4 ) OF iArsli r ipreie Chit; What Veliatl last . t said iespecting the state of Ireland, For althoo t Ate had ttafed Sonrcetof satiSfactioo the (louse the inlet th . *State• of Iteland notch iinpriteed, vet he had stated it as Isis declik.l opinion that no'force of •a leas • an)oo ll t. c.. a n 'peollosed WaS compatible With the s,tety of lie :land; This waS*hiS - opinlon ; the opinion of othcr4 might he different. But certainly he Was more cOnfihnedin his opinion *ben ite.conSidered that the onlylerO NiernberS Who differed from it were 'the anuottrable'ti"entleman who Spoke last, anti the lion. Waronet (Sir W.l3urrelq,-. , :hs)---two - Jli:mbers than whom there were node who could be more' perfectly ignorant•us to the stAt'e of Ireland; anti 'consequently whOse ;opinion respecting_ the. amount of'' force which the present. si(1136 , 111 4 that country reqtrired, was lik•ely to be Of sci tveight.--(Heal', heir woohl - he' - agrerd till hands that nothing could he more inittrioni or unsate than. a sudden reduetion in the iniiitaty lot ce in Ireland, .and he was sure that the 1-101 . 15 e would be of Opinion, that no further reduction'iti the military'force . in Ireland beytind that thittie the present estimate, was consiStent With the in-' term-ll:security of that country. • Sir Jos u e NENVratiT felt bound to . express .bit sense of the Obligations which - were 'tine to the Itig,ht lion. Getitletrian (Mr. Peei)'for the 'course of policy which he had purSued with reSp`ec . e , ttt Ireland; in substituting.the civil for the military authority in the preservation Of the peace of Aar country. The. lednction of the military force-ill that country Should be gradual and, , prOgresive, for it could nOt be doubted that any ludden-iitiAlt. donment of the policy hitherto actett'OpOn've•ntslri be productive of very bad conseqUeirees. thought that with respect to the. Cblonies; they should be made to conirihnie at least iii•sothe'Re;- gree to the support of the furce Maintained for their protection. . . _ . - Mr. MARRYATT said that the circumstances of the Colonies were such, that feW or none of theni were capible of maintaining the inirtUry forte tfo - for their protection. Mr. BROUGtIAM said that the burden of thi. p r o o f why the inilitary establishment tit th‘ present year should he one battalion greatir than that Of 1792, lay not upon those who thought with him that there should be no increase. but upon those who proposed the increase. Witft respect to the state of Ireland, he alluded to the claims of-tha- Roman Catholics, and the state o.f disqualiscatiou in which they were kept, as heim: the catise why that country nOw reunited a large military force. lie hoped, 116wever, that 'thy: policy which rendered the maintenance of ihiA force necessary would he abandoned. On the whole question, he expressed touch regret that so little attention was given to the Amy mates. He gave the amendment - his cordial sup-. port. Sir 3. NEWPORT and Mr. BaouGHAta mutually' explained. Lord CasTLEßeaort could not allow the flues-- lion to go to a division without saying a few? words. It was not front not feeling the great im portance of the queStion' that he had not sooner , offered himself to the attention of'the House, bat because•he had•heard'uothing Urged in the coslrse of the tlebaiVibien as an_ argnment t.gainst the proposed establishment ; and be. referred - t - .0 tt e , thinness rmf the House on'the preSent - OCCa , itni as evincing a feeling, that after the previous distos,a. sions, the opiAons of most Menibers seemed tr) be quite Settled as to the necessity Of the a mount of force proposed. The Honourable and Learned Gentleman (Mr. Brougham), wished to h tez. the year 179'2 as fixing the standard, accotil." ing to which the -estimates of the pres , ettg- , year sliould be t eplated.—NQw, i+cith respr:ct to the establishment of 1792, he begged the House to recollect that Mr. Pit!, in that year, when he proposed - the estimates, stated, that he hail framed - them on a• prospect of a long period of profound peace, In this it urtlrap pilY- proved -that Mr. Pitt was mistake'' ; Afor the war broke out the very next year ; atael the consequence of the lowness of the esta blishthent in the year 1792, was, that - thi* country suffered very much from. an extreme ..de gree of military feebleness during the first years of the war. Thelion. Baronet (Sir W. Burroughs) thought that eve could do at present with a farce of Io,ooomen less than that in theEstimates i buC then he forgot to state the particular quarter ill which the reduction was•to be made. Was it really seriously said that any reduction could b e matleiii, the. 26,000 men to be kept up for th e hoi . ne service ? In which part Of the Home Establish" :trent would the Honourable Baronet • make his re duction ? Not less than 11,000 men- were re' qttired for the service of tire metropolis•aad the clock-yards, and could 16,000 be sufficient for tba; Of all' England ? • lie concluded by assuring.thss House that Ministers intended to make every pos' sible redaction which would not be inconsisiCilt With the interests- . and safety of the country. , -, M. BRotiGnANI Mid Lord CAsTLERgAGH lllu explained. 11.1 r 111°11;1)1 that the present vote•vca* hrger than the •neeessi , y of the case required' L a st year, front the agitated state of the countqf he had not thuttgbt aoy 'reduction could safely b ° made its the - force propo•ed for England ; but Roc' t hat order end trautiaillity - otte•more prevailed, I,t ( ' was of a . 41i11 . erent- opinion.• A to t he army it , t ireland, he svislted it to: lie reduced gradually. The Ilotre,.tiven divided. • For the original 1 'For the Atneadinent 27 .Majority for tilt, Mutitin-84 The other'llesolutions - were them agreed to, and Bills of' :der , h,ceurdingiv. I)Ce Mutiny, t'lle West India Trade . Regulation, and "th . : Madder Duty were sera!ly introduced, read a6P add or,*red for'a second reading toniorrOw, • - Adjourne,i, 13 lit r HS. .....__ __„. On the 2d inst - .; at -Eag!ehurst, ' Hants, the.. Right HO' Gumless of _Cavan, of a son. . . . eh, Nlositlav, at. the house of the Lord Chief Baron, tb el .. Lady ..f the Iter. Temple Frere,• of a . son. . •'Orirthe Ist •inst. It. Piehniond, Snrre3', in • his Bth 'Yea" Idenry d, eldest son of-Niajor Pnln.is, Ist or Royal P' goons. On the' Ist inst.' at t; • WOott-st:•eet, Cheapside, itichard.:, — htt'Of Poole, Dorset. •. LONIMN: 3 . fl. CAUSTAIRS) or N. , ' 2 !I, Qacen-i'quarr; and publisluq.t.by -1,4". 3 4 " , 'SCRIPPS, of No. 7, South Muiton,strevt, at Tan (Mice, No. _11)2, Strand ; whet,: Adrettiser.:ents, Ortic,)/ Lrti;:fs,'&e. (Posti'iaid) thitst, addressed. - •