The Sun. — London, England, 1818-10-08 00:00:00

LITERARY REVIEW. C. BONNYCASTLE'S NEW WORK ON SPANISH ANIERICA. This :ible digest of geographical and political information appeats most seasonably at a time %e hen the public mind is likely to be more than eb er occupied with the disputes between Spain puti het Colonies. The rumoured appeal of FEE DI NAND VII. to the Pot entatesof Europe, at the Con, , ,ress of Aix-la-Chapelle, has already pro duced a great sensation, PIO may lead to import tint consequences ; but whatever he the issue, and whether the insurgent Colonies achieve their in th return to_ their allegiance, there can he no doubt that the intercourse of Great Britain with these rich territories will progres ely increase, and that many of the ancient re- etrictions upon it will be ultimately abolished. general has been this, present intent, that the • activity of commercial enterprise has anticipated the tarq operations of State policy, and has plac ed us in direct communication with every pro vince of the Spanish Indies. In establishing our intercourse, however, we have encountered all the disadvantages resulting from a want of pre vious acquaintance, and have been obliged to glean our information from the scattered notices of tourists and travellers, and front the few na tive authorities to which access could be had. It has been the laudable object of Captain BONNY- CASTLE to condense these valuable materials into a coherent and systematic form, and to construct a work equally adapted for deliberate perusal and for occasional reseed). By a diligent examina tion of the most approved writers on the subject, be - -has rendered all their labours subservient to his purpose, and has generalized their results with the same force and effect as if they had been exe cuted out a pre-concerted plan. In the tabular arrangements, both geographical and s'atistic, a correspondent degree of accuracy is apparent ; and the maps have beets constructed after the best precedents produced in England or France, and in particular front those of the celebrated HUMBOLDT. To exemplify the spirit and conciseness of this interesting work, we might adduce any portion indiscriminately ; but we select the following pas sage, as claiming particular attention at present, because it relates to the Caraccas, a country which has borne a prominent share in the struggle now pending. It affords also a fair specimen of the style of the work, and of the terseness with which the Author connects the early and the re cent history of Spanio-1 America. DISCOVERY AID HISTORY. " The coast of this country was originally dis covered by Columbus in 1498, during his third expedition. Several adventurers succeeding in exploratory voyages on this part of the Continent, the Spanish Government came to the determina tion of endeavouring to place Colonic's on its soil. These being chiefly ill-conducted, and managed by priests unacquainted with the manners kind CLlturns of the natives, did not succeed, and it was found necessary to , endeavour to subdue the inhabitants by force. When this was partially effected, and Spanish settlers were placed in some security, the management of the new Colonies was entrusted to the care of the IVelsers, a Ger man mercantile company. These people exer cised, tot a length of time, an uncontrolled sway over the unfortunate Indians and the Colonists. Their excess of punishment and their traad be coming at last notorious, the King of Spain de prived them of their power, in 1550, and ap pointed an officer of the crown to administer jus tice to the oppressed. " This office, under the title of Captain-Gene ral of the Caraccas, has subsisted ever since, and with some few variations in the territorial divi sions, and some abridgments of the authority of the person who fills it, - it existed in the same form, until the year 1810. At this period, the Mother Country, subdued in part by the victo rious arms of the French nation, had no time to attend to the situation of her transatlantic Colo- Engaged in a destructive and terrible struggle herself, she little knew of the events which were taking place in the Americas, or if she did know them, was unable to assist those subjects devoted to her cause, or to quell the in. Jul gent and ambitious. Taking advantage of die shackled state of the resources of Spain, the dis atl'ected raised the standard of rebellion, and formed a Junta Suprema (a Congress, or Stipreme Council) in Caraccas. At first they published their acts in the name of Ferdinand the Seventh ; but soon, however, on the arrival of Miranda with seine troops, declared themselves indepen dent of the Mother Country, and appointed Mi randa to the Chief Command. Spain now placed their ports in a state of nominal blockade. " They lia , e since been daily engaged in hos tile measures, and Junta has succeeded to Junta, Royal Power to insurgent Government, and vice versa, with little interval, up to the present mo ment. The Caraccas may indeed be styled the locus of the Spanish Alnerican Revolution. Nu merous and bloody actions have taken place he t weer the Spanish troops and the Caraccanians, Miranda has been beheaded, and the Captain- Gillet al has reinstated himself, " Doti Simon Bolivar, a native of the coun try, possessing much property and considerable intlience, has been the great leader of this re vol', styling himself President and Commander in Chief of the United Provinces of Venezuela. Ob taining from the Congress of a neighbouring State (New Granada) an army of 600 men, he marched ag,aitist Monteverde, the Captain-General who had beheaded Miranda and punished his Col leagues, anti meeting with few obstacles to sur mount, entered the city of Caraccas as conqueror, on the 4th August, 1813. The Captain-General fled, and refusing to treat with the Insurgents, •-tti derogatory to the honour of the master he re esented, remained quiet until he received from spaiu a !claw - cement of 1200 men ; he then at tacked the city, but was repulsed with the loss of nearly his whole army, and himself severely wonnmhol. in discussing the historical facts re kiting to South America in general, we have en tered more at large upon this subject. At present La ivnr occupies the lower pacts of the Orinoco, t4t,ing made the towu of Angostura his head t.pwiet b." uies LONDON JOITRVALS. (FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS LAY.) [Morning Chronicle ] SOUTH AMERICA. By the brig Robet t Neilson, arrived from Tri nidad, we have received letters to Ist Augn,t, though not so late by two days as -those we pre viously had from the same quarter. They do not cootain ans./ thing new in a military point of view; indeed the campaign in Venezuela is for the pre sent suspended, owing to the rainy season. Letters from Gnsyana, of 15th July, state, that General Paez had gained another victory over Morales, adding, that the latter is placed in a po sition from which he is not likely to escape. The . Spanish Chief La Torre lay desperately wounded with two lance wounds teceiveil in the battle of Cogede. From the Corroo del Orinoco of 11th July, and received . by the same opportunity, we give the following decree : Simon Bolivar, Supreme Chief of the Republic of Venezuela, &c. Ste. SLc. Considering that in our present military attitude, the sepa ration of the military and political branches of the Govern ment, established by Decree of 6th Oct. 1817, gives rise to embarrassments and difficulties greatly prejudicial to the public cause, I have been induced to decree, and hereby do decree as follows: Article 1. The political Governors of Provinces shall exer cise no other functions than those of presiding in Tribunals of the first instance, conformably to the Decree of 6th Octo ber, 1817. Art. 2. The High and Municipal Police of the Provinces shall henceforward belong to the Governors and Command ants-General of the same. Art. 3. As heads of the Police in the Provinces, the Go vernors and Commandants-General shall be Presidents of the Municipalities; they shall convoke and preside over the assemblies of the inhabitants, and receive in their suffrages as well as ,those of the electors, conformably to the regulations of the 6th of October, 1817, respecting the creation of Municipalities. Art. 4. The Governors and Military Commanders of for tresses, cities or towns, shall therein exercise the functions of the Police, as Lieutenants of the Governor and Comman dant-General of the Province. Art. 5. All the laws, decrees and regulations which may attribute to the Political Governors of Provinces the exer cise of the Police, any otherwise than as laid down in the above articles, are abrogated and remain null and without effect. Given and signed by my hand, and countersigned by one of the Secretaries, head-quarters, Angostura July 3, 1818. (Signed) BOLIVAR. PEDRO BRISENO MENDEZ, See. [Morning Herald.] THE QUEEN. _. . " Kew, Eight o'Clock, Oct. 7. " Last night, her Majesty was much better than . she was on the preceding one ; her cough was less troublesome than it had been for some days, and she enjoyed a long, and apparently refreshing sleep.—Sir Henry Halford and the Princesses re tired soon after eleven o'clock. " Throughout the day, her Majesty remained, if any thing, a little better ; but the improve ment was so slight as to be almost imperceptible. She was removed from her bed-chamber, rather earlier than usual, and at a late hour, this even ing, she had not manifested any particular degree of weariness, or complained of any of her former symptoms. " The Princesses pursue their improvements in the plantations with ardour. Their Royal High nessea were on the lawn this morning, in the midst of the workmen, before half-past nine o'clock. and again at intervals throughout the whole day. Their Royal Highnesses were chiefly attended by General Taylor, and occasionally by one or other of the Physicians. " The Countess of Cardigan, and several others of the Nubility, paid their dutiful respects at the Palace, in the course of the forenoon. " At four o'clock, his Royal Highness the Duke of York alighted from his curricle in the court of time Palace, and about half-past five the Prince Regent arrived from Carlton-House. The Phy• sicians immediately waited on his Royal High ness with their Report of the state of her Majes ty's health up to the moment of his arrival. His Royal Highness then joined the Duke of York and time Princesses in the drawing-room, and shortly afterwards the Royal Duke left the Pa lace on his return to London. After his depar ture the Prince visited her Majesty, and bad a long conference with her Physicians, at the close of which Sir Henry Halford set out for Windsor Castle, the Health of the Princess Sophia conti nuing in a very precarious state. " At a few minutes before seven o'clock, his Royal Highness the Prince Regent took leave of his illustrious sisters, and returned to Carlton- House. " Sir Francis Milman is something better than he was last night. " Sir Henry Halford bad a narrow escape from serious injmy, atter his return from Windsor, on Tuesday attetnoon, whilst riding on horseback in the neighbourhood of Kew. The animal was young and spirited, and by a sudden plunge threw Sir Henry with considerable violence upon the pummel of the saddle. The pain occasioned by the concussion was so great, that, for several hours some serious injury was apprehended." [Morning Post.] MANCHESTER WEAVERS. The Manchester Weavers have sent some depu ties to town to apply to the different Benefit So cities existing among the lower orders, and obtain s o m e contributions for their relief. The petition addressed to these bodies is of very great length, as it contains a detailed statement of their grievances and of their wants. We have reason to believe that their applications have generally been successful, and that the two delegates who are more particularly entrusted with this service, will not leave the metropolis without having rais d a pretty considerable sulo. [The Times.] We insert an extract of a letter from Columbo, dated 2tith April, received since our last : " The disturbances iu the interior are as yet unquelled ; the Governor remains in Candy, laid up with the gout ; however, if it does not attack his right hand, he will still continue as useful as ever. We are getting three native regiments front the coast ; two have already arrived, the 71h sad 15th ; the 18th is daily expected at Galle. 1f we are worsted, it will not be for want of troops. — The rains areljust commencing; this is the only thing to be feared by the Europeans. If they only keep their health, next season will, I hope, settle the business in our favour Bills on Eng land 'list sale sold as low as 14 rix dot. 8 1., 11. sterling, and will go lower yet." THEATRICAL REGISTER. Performed Last Night. THEATRE ROYAL. COVENT-GARDEN. —The Clandestine Mar riage: Lord Ogleby, Mr. W. Farren ; Miss Sterling, Mrs. C. Kemble. After which, Love, Law, and Physic. i* For W. M—N, see the First Page—For FEEDERA APRI CANA, see the Last Page. MAILS. ARRIVED-1 Dublin, 1 Waterford, 1 France, 1 Leeward Islands. DUE-1 Hainburgli. PRICE ON STOCKS THIS HAY AT TWELVE &CLOCK. 3 per Cent. Cons.. . 4 76; 75;44 Exch. Bills, 2d... 20s. 225. pr. 5 per Cent. N. Ann.lo6l 105; I Omniurn India 80nd5..... 90s. 925. pr. I Cons. for Account, 7U 75141 HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TOMORROW. Morning, 47 minutes after 10. I Evening, 14 minutes/after 11. THE SUN. lOLEM QUIS DICEXE FALSUM AUDEAT ? LONDON, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 8, 1818. THE QuERN.—The following is the Bulletin which was issued this day : " KEW PALACE, OCT. 8. " The QUEEN has had a good night. Her MA JESTY remains in the same state as yesterday. (Signed) " F. MILMAN." Last night and this morning we received the Paris Papers of Sunday and Monday last. We give some extracts from the former in another column. The accounts in them from Aix-la- Chapelle are not so late as the details already published here. M. Pozzo DI BORGO set out from Paris for Aix-la-Chapelle o.► Sunday last.— The Emperor of RUSSIA and the King of SAXONY had a long interview at Leipsic, on the 22d ult. The following are extracts from the Journals of Monday PARIS, OCT. s.—Yesterday the King re ceived the Neapolitan and Spanish Ambassadors, the Ministers, Marshals, &c. " Count Pozzo di Borg°, the Russian Ambas sador, had an audience of leave of the King on Saturday. His Excellency set out last night for Aix-la • Chapelle. . " The Marquis de Bonnay, French Minister Plenipotentiary to the Prussian Court, sets out to morrow for Berlin, but is to stay some days at Aix-la-Chapelle. " The Journal de Frankfort states, that the Empress Consort of Russia was expected in that city on the 2d inst. " Letters from Italy continue to announce a most abundant harvest. HAMBURGH, SEPT. 26.—Our commerce is at present in a very languid state, the only articles in demand are provisions to be exported to England. " AUGSBURG, SEPT. 26.—The‘King of Bavaria has issued an Ordonnance, directing an entire re vision of all the Laws relating to Agriculture, with a view to their amelioration. " BRUSSELS, OCT. 1.--. The Queen of Sweden, travelling under the name of the Countess de Baker, arrived here the day before yesterday with a very numerous suite from Spa, and set out yes terday on her way to Paris. VIENNA, SEPT. 24.—We learn from Lisbon, that twelve Austrian vessels laden with grain had arrived there from Trieste. Portugal is suffering under a scarcity, and our speculators make the most of it. " DRESDEN, SEPT. 25.—The fanatic Cloos, the founder of the sect which signalized its origin in the environs of Leipsic, by murder and human sacrifices, is still in prison, but scarcely any thing transpires respecting his interrogatory. His parti sans continue to act in secret, but are narrowly watched by. the Authorities. Inquiry is conti nued as to every thing that relates to this sect, but the Government declines giving any publicity to the result, and it has prohibited the circulation of a small pamphlet, published at Leipsic, the ob ject of which was to expose the sectarists and their conduct. The Government has also sent an intimation to all booksellers and printers to pub lish nothing on the subject." This morning we received New York Papers to the lith ult. The following are extracts : (From The Commercial Advertiser of the 10114.) " The following Indorsement was made on the papers of the American schooner Betsey, lately sent to Halifax by Admiral MILNE, in consequence of her being found fibbing on the coast at Nova Scotia :--- " It is hereby notified, that it is the earnest desire of Rear- Admiral Sir David Milne, Commander-in-Chief of his Ma jesty's Ships and Vessels in North America and on the Lakes of Canada, in endeavouring to preserve the maritime rights of his Majesty from infringement, to avoid as much as pos sible subjecting the vessels and people of the United States of America, engaged in the fishery, to any loss or interception, to which they have made themselves liable by the infringe ment of the just rights which belong to the maritime domi nions of his Majesty in North America. " You are therefore allowe,: to pursue your voyage with out further detention, taiug notice how%:ver, that if you arc again found trespassing on his Majesty's rights, 10 ca u liti tta v expect to receive further indulgence ; and you are re t e ; sr to notify to the vessels of your nation, as far a 5 .-- ,:lce power, to avoid interfering with those fisheries, wiliciii-h-cre sively appertain to his Majesty's subjects, as they W ill -e -I ,lts after be proceeded against as the directs. • • Chi ef ' (Signed) " DAVID MILN rumander-ta. 97 !OP " Letters from Havannab, cated the ... tb 0 state, that a most destructive tire had brokeP°o at that place, in which the arsenal and 511 the public buildings, together with a large s t " 11: a. naval stores and King's property, wer e consdine The loss is estimated at one million dollar. s '', nt , The Richmond Enquirer of the 7111,.'Cb`is says, the Mother Bank of the United StaW , come to the extraordinary resolutio n of re tuo gl . ° c to receive the notes of their own Offices, oceP in payment of debts due to the United Sto e9. llo The Philadelphia Bank has also f ollowed t he same example, and will no longer receive tof notes of their firms. What nowt beconleshti the boated advantage promised front ,this liiig na . institution ! So to this complexion has the c 77 stitutional institution come at last. of lb . " Letters front General Poavot, 0 " - de .. Commissioners under the Ghent Treaty, f. /. do teratining °3 the Boundary Line bet Wee" Cl.lllBl. and the United States, state, that the Cuiro4 sinners bad proceeded as far as the 15110. Islands in the St. Lawrence, and that th e Y ot pected to progress as far as the Niagara R i ve r, per./ Lake Erie, this season.—(New York pa " ST. JOHN'S, NEW BRUNSWICK, MG' ro 1 loc , Accounts from Eastport mention, that the A to , rican Collector bad seized all the Briti'b gjij $ be e s factored goods on the Island ; that writs ta d a o il issued against him, but he had absconded' arl was confusion and destruction." 00 0 The Ohio Bank is stated in the New York ,(es to be in a such a state of credit that their p, would not be received in payment o f St9tel° We received this morning Jamaica Pape r s to he 16th August ,he baade re KINGSTON, AUG. 13.--Arrived ."- Agnes, Spain, from /Nit w York, in 30 dal CsPa l with flour and lumber. On the Bth gas' Tiburoon, the Agnes fell in with a 110661.4 , dron, consisting of a frigate, a brig, an d ° f r o , / AUG. 14.—Arrived the Fan Fan, C nt°l : o ll. / By the Fan Fan we learn, that M St. Andreas, in 13 days,. laden Wit h c 0 t r y, 4l the brigantine Mexican Congress, wit h th a loo°: and three other privateers under Mexica n c " ots k appeared off Old Providence on the 4 1 ' i too k landed the following day with 300 mend " " ) ," possession of that Island, issuing a Pr at promising protection to the inhabitants so,e private property. He required the assi gtg l ifyiag labourers, which be obtained, and V s g t°r ee cte l the entrance of Providence; and it wa g fo r ths t that be would shortly after proceed fro Island to capture St. Andreas. t bs Since the above, another account state:ooli °oleo. Moo Mons. Aury, with three brigs and tw° sell o ff' 014 appeared on the morning of the 4tb i n ' t ' bo t ti tt , Providence, and sent about 10 o'clock 3 A $ lO ; lan shore, to say that he would occupy that ' 9 ee jea Santa Catalina on account of the in deP lec tis t Government, and that the persons and P r° , l lev ele of individuals should be respected. Th e In t ied' , las dent troops, about 350 in number, vi er " tott / i and commenced constructing ries for their protection. No acts of Pba l u .th pat been perpetrated. Two prizes a rrived WI and many of his Officers are Britiqb• io, lo llle immedistelider AUGUST Is.—Arrived the sloop pulP b s efe a stop, from the city of Santo Dotriugu, 0 0 0 cla w 0 days, with wood. On her passage "fiat - n o. 0 0 , sprung her top-mast, and on the 8 0 ' 1 ,4 oge v A . the Bay of St. Fonda, for the purPbY , ling ; when about 11 P. M. she was fj fleck ed Ste' • b whic t o number of boats from the shore , re bea short conflict, chiefly of musketry, ‘1,,010bl'), v ra l without any loss oa the part 01 t • n or tbe r pr crew, but with considerable loss ono boosts the assailants, one of their boats havi n o „era t „ • ar i/ ' within a few yards of the vessel. d a l l have been led by a 'white roan , an„,,, r ica n ' o be a , or au f" - bq i bility either an Englisinnan the exclamation " 0 God " 9 " 'be crc shot, which was distinctly beard by the Dolphin. The intelligence, • t prrer we extracted from The Times of Y ester : 1 1 ;I o ' fi ef" ' a t ts i : v em e t i o re t o t rd i e l l is e s h pl e e re v uc a st i c t prompt v, t e lat to i r o to r o d s i c op : o c s Ifi,rilt3vihiacielie. °Fay:. from o c i g : ' it : 1 1 ic eet r il ' le d: et y e s , :j e l r , : i l ., r i i t :11 , : : : :' ,: i 1. 1 ; ic r c: ( 1,1 11113 % ° doubted in the City.—We certainlY v ie° hf of '-,_ doaw- la authenticity as on account of th e r-aiPijclotjtej rei WiliCil it reached this country. l'ilenr-leldtirted'iliti:f moval of the. troops has long be en ' t his ' l ' 4 I ,' expected in France. The Doles of l , fLi I Y 511 1 the following paragraph, and we c°113 ,6 6 t 0 16511 i • (5 Cr u p po ro s c e e t e l d j aetditt}i:nuirdeasloifoafrorb:::tri: 11 - o or selfe-4 $ ::: ocli ''''' t oo ° i , Fortunately • all the information W into 001-s `draw from the other sources that livvi I), a J tc 2: I t( lit, it 1 lt,t ki t , _AIME