The Sun. — London, England, 1864-10-13 00:00:00

THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY- LANES- Managers, Messrs. E. Falconer and F. B. Chatterton. THIS EVENING, AN APRIL FOOL. Mr. R. Roxby, M-.tT. Belmore, Mr. Fitzjames, Mr. G. Weston, ani Miss Hudspeth. After which, at a quarter to Eight o'c'ock, Shaksoere's Play of HENRY THE FOURTH (First Part). Mr. Cres wick ; Messrs. W alter La y, H. Mars on, Barrett, G. Belmore, G. F. Neville, E. Phelps, R. Roxby, R. Raynor, &c. ; Miss Hel-n Howar , Miss t anny Haldane (Harp ob igato to song Mr. F. Chatterton), Mrs. H. Vandenhoff, &c. Doors open at ha f-past Six—Commence at Seven. T HEATRE ROYAL, HAYNIARKET. — Lessee. M”. Buckstone. THIS EVENING, MADEMOISELLE •DE BELLE ISLE. Messrs. Howe, Farren, Gordon, Baird, &c. , Mesdames Beatrice, Ange', &c. Atter which, PRESENTED AT COURT. Messrs. Buck atone, Bowe, W. Farren, Iton - ers, Clark, Brad, &c .; Mes da.nes Snowdon, Griffith, Ili I - , Wright, Lovell, &c. And '3ACCIICS AND ARIADNE. To commence at 7. ROYAL LYCEU:sII THEATRE. Under the sole management of Mr. Fechter. This Theatre will OPEN on SATURDAY. October 22, with a New Drama, entitled the KING'S BUTTERFLY, in which Mr. Fechter will perform the principal character, The Scenery painted by Mr. William Callcott. The Box-office will open on Monday, October 17, from leley(n till Four. ROY AL PRINCESS'S THEATRE . — Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Geo. Vining. THIS EVENING, BORN TO GOOD LUCK. I addy O'Rad'erty, Mr. Dominick Murray. After which, THE STREETS OF LONDON. Messrs. Vining, J. W. Ray, D. Fi her, D. Murray, J. Nelson, H. Forrester. H. Mellon ; Mrs. Henry Marston, Miss Emma Barnett, and Miss Fanny Gwynne. NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI.-. . Sale Proprietor and Manager. Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, GOOD FOR NOTHING. Messrs. J. Clarke, Billington, Eburne, and Mrs. Alfred Mellon. After which, RORY O'MORE. Rory (with Irish Ballads), Mr. John Collins. Other characters by Messrs. Billington, R. Phillips, Paul Bedford, Stuart, ~ ,t ephenson, C. J. Smith ; Mre. Alfred Mellon and Miss Kate Kelly. To conclude with TEDDY THE TILER. Teddy (with songs), Mr. John Collins. Commence at 7. ROYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE manager, Mr. Benjamin Webster. EMINENF TALENT AND COMEDY. This popular Theatre is Open for the Winter Season. Those celebrated artistes Mr. and Mrs. C. Mathews are re-engaged. THIS EVENING, Mr. Arthur Sketchley's highly successful and original Comedy of HOW WILL IHEY GET OUT OF IT? Mr. and Mrs. Charles Mathews, Mr. and Mrs. F. Matthews, Mr. F. Robinson, Mr. H, J. Montague ; Miss Wentworth, and Mrs. Stirling, After which, a New Comedy Farce. by Maddison Morton, Esq., entitled WOOD OCK'S LITTLE GAME. Mr. C. Mathews, Mrs. F. Matthews. To conclude with UNDER THE ROSE. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Sole Lessee and Manageress, Mrs. Swanborough. THIS EVENING, JNLIMITE D CONFIDENCE. Followed by, at Eight, MILKY WHITE. Messrs. Craven, Stoyle, James; Mesdames Swanbor, ugh and Manders. After which, the great Burlesque, THE MILLER AND HIS MEN. Messrs. Fenton, James, and Thorne; Mesdames Swanborough, Simpson. Johnstone, Hughes, and Carson. MOSES AND SON J • respectfully call attention to their large and well assorted stock of JUVENILE CLOTHING. The newest fabrics are combined with the latest and most fashionable eesigns, and the best workmanship. E. MOSES and SON give particular attention to this important branch of their business, and they can with confidence affirm that the prices Are such as must satisfy the most economical. Tuis depart ment Is in a distinct part of the premises, which will be fuund a ere .t convaiience for ladies and children, 1. 4 L MOSES AND SON • respectfully invi' e public attention to their large and well-assorted AUTUMN AND WINT.I.I it STOCK. V . MOSES AND SON'S • "SANDRINGHAM" WRAPPER Autroduced by them) Is the newest and most fashionable style of Overcoats for the season. El• MOSES ANT) SON'S • READY-MADE and BESPOKE CLOTHING for all classes and all ages. MOSES AND SON'S • CELEBRATED "INDISPENSABLE" SUIT, front 30s. 1p MOSES AND SON'S • HOSIERY and DRAPERY, for all classes and all ages. MOSES AND SON'S riATs AND CAPS, fur all c asses and all ages. MOSES AND SON'S BOOTS and SHOES, for all classes and all ages. I - 1 4 MOSES AND S_ON'S • OUTFI FS. for all classes, all age , , and all climates. EMOSES ANT) SON'S • LONDON HOUSES, 154, 155, 151,157, Miuories ; 83, SI, 85, 86, 87, 83, SO , Ald ga t e ; 500, 507, 508, New Oxford—street ; 1,2, 3, Hart-f 3 t; 137, 138, Tottenham-court-road ; 288, Eaton-road 1 4 - 1 MOSES AND SON'S UA• COUNTRY ESTABLISHMENT, Bridge-street, Bradford, Yorkshire. EMOSES ANT) SON'S • E htablishments are closed every Friday evening at sunset until Saturday evening at sunset, when business is re sumed until I 1 o'clock. plain 1 articles arc marked t lwest ices in figurens. Any article not appr-Nedhe of will be ex pr changed, or the money returned. List of Prices with Rules for Self-measurement, Fashion Card, and our new pamphlet, "The Tercentenary; or, The Three Hundredth birthday of William Shakspeare," gratis and post free. COALS. —The L 11.1; Co SHALL COMPANY'S LS. Direct from their own Collieries. Marquis'. 255. per ton. I Double. ..219. per ton. P 249. „ Dec p 221. „ Well screened and delivered within five miles of their De pots, Westbourne Park-road, W., and 17, South Wharf Paddington, W., and Maiden-lane, N. Best Coke Terms cash. JOHN SCOTT, Sole Lgent. alf-IE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN," Containin- the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, thi.o be had Every Evening - of G. R. GLIc,NIS, NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. THE LATES r EDITION of " THE SUN" supplied, as soon aspublished every Evening* by IiENRY BROOKS, Newspap p er 21, Old Cavendish street, W. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tins D AY. — Morning, h. m.—Afternoon, 12h. 20m I.o3l Kilt.RoW.-Biorning, 12h. 46 m. —Afternoon, lh. 10m. - el'OT ..• F • ii-t• N ~,,,* ~' 1 4 i ~, , '-',.., -,,.. lib, Slag kriov*- - Att. -44 Stilt _,.., ~...„.......,,,, ~....... LONDON, THURSDAY, OCT. 13, 1864. A speech from Mr. GLADSTONE is certain at any time to attract a large share of public attention ; and to be pretty generally welcomed at this dull Beason as a theme worthy of attention and regard. A master of oratory, such as the right hon. gentle man undoubtedly is, is sure to render any question for the tim e being interesting and instructive. \Ve here meet him, however, not in the sterile arena of politics, or the dry details of finance, but in the more genial atmosphere of a public meeting, and surrounded by an admiring audience, who eagerly welcomed him to their neighbourhood. The right hon. gentleman's discourse was long, but it was listened to throughout with eager attention, and at its conclusion he was warmly applauded. He dis claimed, in a very proper spirit, any individual claim oneis own part to a particular share of merit in havir.g brought abeut the happy results which t hey that day witnessed. Too pioneers in the canes Of 'useful legislation deserved the first recognition, and he brought to the work a secondary part to perform. This sounded, of course, very well, but 113 one present must have looked upon it as other than a figure of speech when he talked of "secon dary aLilitics.'"ftic change that has taken place relation ln the b of c l asses was happily commented h s i ' v, t_h_ n eaorator in thi s express i ve passsge : lik e we hav e mistrust and a l ienat i on gradually fading a;E:awayseen t mists bofc re th e r i s i ng sun, and and th roug hout hrall °utiout all p ar t s o f the country, mews of naut,tofcon °las fi se d s of the co mmun i ty, senti taking th e p l ace ene'resp ec t, an d esteem that al ienation and estrange ment." Very e ff ective, e 'which Mr. GLADSTONE touched on the manner i n the effect o f raany of th e c h anges t h at have beeprqr brought about of late y ears among us, and which threatenedaun a first to become instruments of strife ddi c ffecting at l as t b ut a part i al good, and productive of g least equal harm. He said that all the modern changes and improvements had really worked out their end without producing disastrous conse quences, and that they had warmed the heart of the nation in increasing its wealth. Accordingly, such Acts of Parliament must not be regarded only in the light of the formal manner in which they take their place in the Statute-book, but they bear a deeper and a far wider significance. They should be looked upon "as angels of mercy, ministers of Peace, and restorers of union through every part and corner of the land." Times are changed, indeed, when we thus find a leading statesman, an important member of Parliament, and an influential Minister of State deliberately ascribing the bene ficial influences at work among the community to the good sense and improved temper of the people, ald when he considers 'it a better result of the tactics of his party that they do not excite the wrath of his opponents than that they have been carried triumphantly through an opposing Senate, and been ordained as the leaders of the land. The days are not so very distant when no politician of repute ever thought of appearing in public without doing his utmost to scatter opprobrium and clever ridicule upon his adversaries, be they good, bad, or indifferent. I❑ fact, it was the secret of success to damage the opposing party more than to exalt one's own. In the Chancellor of the Exchequer's discourse we find a comprehensive view taken of public, party, and social questions which is worthy of his high position and great influence, and does honour to his discernment and good taste. Of course, so eminent a scholar would appreciate the efforts made to establish institutes and such refining and elevating establishments amid a busy and bustling race, con• sumed by toil and traffic, and living in the ceaseless din and turmoil of active life and stupendous engagements in mighty undertakings. He observed that he had regarded with satisfaction the growth of such institutions among them, "all of which are a testimony to the great truth that man does not live by bread alone—that he has a mind, a rational and immortal part—that he is born for the future more than for the present, and that all real im provement which takes place among us is invari ably attended with this condition—it looks forward to and prepares to meet the future." If such an effect is the end of these works they can seek no better consummation and aspire to no holier issue. It is the chief drawback to manufacturing engage ments and commercial pursuits that they have a tendency to give the material the ascendancy in the minds and thoughts of men. Let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die, has been the secret maxim, if not the acknowledged prac tice, of many as envied millionaire and successful speculator, and the sentiment in a lesser degree is shared by the smaller ones around them. All that tends to interpose a check upon such grovelling notions should be welcomed, and a man of thought and experience like the CHAN CELLOR of the EXCHEQUER must be among the first to acknowledge the fatal error that the acquisition of wealth, the increase of commerce, and the pro sperity of trade are to be welcomed as the objects of life, to the neglect of all better, brighter aims— all upward, nobler tendencies. The people of Lan• casbire deserve great credit for the zeal which they have ever and anon displayed in the fostering and nurture of their literary institutions, and they have reaped their reward in the thought that they have felt in their hour of need to meet trials with the fortitude that befits men, and the faith that be• comes Christians. Mr. GLADSTONE truly said that tLey had shown during winters of extreme affliction that they need no preaching from extraneous per sons to tell them how to act, and to comport them selves in difficulties. The right hon. gentleman alluded to the improved prospects which now dawned upon them in respect to cotton, because the other countries of the world were found to be cap able of supplying, in some measure at least, the deficiencies caused by the stoppage of trade with America. The right hon. gentleman expressed his earnest hope and well-grounded conviction that the present evils were temporary, though extremely severe, and that the time was not so very far off, when they should see "the vast and gigantic sys, tern of enterprise :on which the fortunes of South Lancashire principally depend again restored to the whole extent of its former operations, with a cer tainty and stability which, in the former circum- stat ces, it never would have been able to attain." (here was great moderation manifested i 3 the tone which Mr. GLADSTONE adopted in discoursing on public affairs and the conduct of those who took charge of them. He fearlessly admitted that ex cellence was difficult to attain, and perfection im possible in such high requirements. " The concerns of this vast empire are SD mighty, and of so comp cated a character, that to handle them as they ought to be handled, altogether exceeds and transcends human strength." There is more real dignity in thus acknowledging one's deficiencies than in parading supposed successes and lauding one's, self and one's colleagues to the uttermos Mr. GLADSTONE briEfly- touched upo❑ the Legib attire as a body, and declared that it for the most part reflected the temper of the nation, and r3prcsented its opinions. After a hard day's work people get tired, and thus ho considered Parliament had earned a right to rest after the many useful acts passed of late years. The right hoc, gentleman conclud'-d by expressing a hope that never again should we witness such a period as that which distinguished the reign of WILLIA - 3,1 IV.—the crisis of the Reform Bill—but that other improvements might be as successfully carried in a milder form, and in a comprehensive spirit of unity. It must be admitted that Mr. GLADSTONE has made a very happy choice of his subjects, and that he has contrived, in the limits of an ordinary discourse, to treat upon the most excit ing objects of interest and importance to those around him. Doubtless in future days those who listened to his flowery discourse will recognise the truth of many of his prophetic utterances, and acknowledge that public affairs are not so depressing as some would affirm, when they come under the consideration of a master mind. It was only to be expected that the news from Lancashire should show a less favourable aspect as the season advanced, and the Central Relief Committee, with the prudence that has distin guished their operations throughout, took care some time since to caution the public that a tem porary increase of distress was probable. The rise in the number of unemployed, and the falling of from full time to short time, in many quarters, is due, however, in a great measure, to other reasons than the approach of winter. It is true that the harvest operations have hitherto offered a resource to a good many of the enforced idlers, End that these are now concluded ; but the fluctuations of trade have more to do with the increased distress then either the conclusion of haymaking, or even the lack of cotton. The condition of the money market has, it is said, been partly the cause of the number of closed mills; and other commercial reasons, including, of coarse, deficient supply of the raw material, have contributed to check the tide of returning prosperity. At the same time there is no ground fur panic, nor, indeed, f( r any very serious anxiety, since the present state of affairs is not likely to be more than temporary, and is only what has been foreseen from the co-nmencement of TEE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 13, 1864. the better times. That) will be many such varia tions before the stream flows on as of old ; there will be ebb and flow, prosperity and adversity, in quick succession; but so long as there is the prospect of a fair and increasing supply of cotton from sources wholly independent of the American war there is no ground for public un easiness. In the meantime the question is how to deal with the present pressure, and the Central Committee as usual are prompt in action. At their monthly meeting held in Manchester on Monday last it was decided that they should assemble weekly for the next fortnight, so as to act with the caution necessary under existing circumstances. The comparative smallness of the balance in hand renders it desirable to husband their means with a view to the passible exigencies of the coming winter, and accordingly at the two meetings of the Executive and of the General Committees held on Monday, various schemes were proposed with this end. The Executive Committee have good right to take credit to themselves for the prudent distribu tion of the funds entrusted to their care, for, as they justly remark in their report, the balance now in hand would not exist if they had not striven to enforce as much economy as appeared consistent with the wellbeing of the people. The precautions hitherto observed are now again enforced, and the Executive Committee especially recommend " that an increase should take place in the number of face tory operatives employed on public works, and that a larger proportion of the unemployed hitherto should receive relief from the Boards of Guardians or from local subscriptions." They further advise the separate action in all cases of the Boards of Guardians and of the District Committees. With regard to the Public Works Act, the state of affairs now brought to light is not altogether satisfactory. Some unforeseen and un necessary difficulties seem to lie in the way, and the result is that although large sums are raised and extensive works carried on those for whom the Act was especially intended do not get a fair share of its benefits. Thus in Manchester, where there are about 9,000 people out of employment, only 155 cotton operatives are no•v employed on the public works, although £85,000 have been received from the Commissioners. The Mayor complains that great difficulty has been experienced in getting from the guardians as many men as they required, and further stated that the guardians were in the habit of making periodical returns of the number of persons who were fit for employment on public works, and that at the close of September there was a total of 65, most of whom had since been absorbed. But the standard of efficiency must be very rigid if so small a proportion of 9,000 are certified, and we cannot help thinking that such a result does not at all meet the intentions of Parliament, or the neces sities of the population. Even in Blackburn, where the number employed is much larger, only 340 fac• tory operatives are employed to 500 labourers. It appears to be a miracle to carry out these works by contract, since the contractors naturally prefer to get the best men they can for the money, so as to get the work done well and quickly. if the object is to give the unemployed operatives remunerative occupation, and so relieve the rates, it is by no means the best way to attain it to employ ordinary contractors as agents. The proportion of able-bodied men to the whole number of factory operatives may very probably be much smaller than is generally supposed, but the best does not seem to be made of the matter. The public will be inclined to echo Lord EGER TON'S remark, that "he never imagined it was necessary that men s'iould be sent by the guar dians before they could come under the Public Works Act, and that if it were so, he hoped steps would be taken to extend its benLfits to others.'. The less of a double agency there is the better, and the local jealousies which are apt to exist between two authorities are better avoided, as far as possible. It would be very desirable to stretch the Act a little further, and to be a little less rigid in the ex clusion of those who do not quite come up to the recognised standard. The High Sheriff, Sir J. KAY SHUTTLF,WORTII, remarked upon the neces sits which existed for increased cffirts on the par of the local authorities in this matter. He said very justly that the pressure, which was likely to occur during the winter months, ought to be met by increased exertions in placing factory operatives on public works. It is not fair those districts which are profiling by the Act to raise money and carry out lasting improvements in their vicinity to neglect those to assist whcm the Act was specially passed, and to leave them to depend upon the diminished resources of the Relief Fund. An in. crease of 12,000 in the recipients of relief demands some corresponding exer• Lion, and this is so plain and practical a way of affording assistance that there is no excuse for not carrying it out to the fullest possible extent. It is also very wise on the part of the Committee to int ist upon a fair share of relief being given by the guardians, so that the two sources of aid may be kept apart. If the Relief Fund is to be called upon to supplement the allowance of the guardians its stores will soon be exhausted, whereas, on the other hand, if the relief administered is to be only at the rate of Is. or 15. 31. per head a week, there is good cause to apprehend disease and famine. We are glad to find that previous to the resolution passed by the Committee on Monday, the Blackburn guar- dians had nearly doubled their rate of relief, and he determination of the Committee not to make grants to any town, unless the parochial relief averages 2s. a head, is likely to induce other dis tricts to follow their example. It would be very shortsighted kindness to the ratepayers were the Committee to expend all the sum they have in hand, and leave themselves without the power of mitigating future pressure. There is little doubt that, if need be, further subscriptions will be promptly forthcoming, but there is every reason for preserving a cheerful and hopeful spirit, since the crisis is but of a temporary character, Not only have we the past to look back upon with wonder and thankfulness, but we have every ground for anticipating the constant, if gradual, increase in our supply of cotton which has already, indepen dently of American sources, been augmented to an amount which most persons would have deemed scarcely credible some two years since, THE NEW REGISTRAR IN BANKRUPTCY.—The Lord Chancellor has appointed Mr, James Stephen, of the Middle Temple, barrister-at-law, to be a registrar of the Court of Bankruptcy for the Leeds district, in the room f Mr Samuel Payne,vcho retires on account of ago and infirmity, after a service of upwards of twenty years. Mr Stephen was called to the bar in 184 G, has obtained the degree of LL. U., is Professor of English Law and Jurispru dence at King's College, and is also Recorder of Poole. THE QUEEN'S HORSES.—It will be thought very naturally that tLe finest stud elf all classes of horses is to bo found in :he Queen's stables. And probably in the days of Ge,rge IV. this was the case, but at present the Sovereign's tastes do not include horseflesh. Probably the influence of Prince Albert had a great deal to do with the neglect into which the royal stables hag' fallen. Ills royal highness neither knew nor cared anything about horse flesh, and the consequence is that at the present moment there is scarcely a horse in the Buckingham Palace stables that can be considered first rate, and many of them are shocking jades. The public had an opportunity of witness ing the second rate character of the animals sent to convey the Princess Alexandra into London--animals that our leading nobility would not have in their stables. The riding horses are of a more inferior nature still ; with one exception, those used by the Prince .of Wales.—Once a Week, • LATEST INTELLIGENCE. [REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.] ALGERIA. PARIS, OCT. 13 An official report has been received from Gene ral Folivet, describing a gallant engagement which took place on Sept. 29zh and 30th, between his column of troops and a very numerous body of the Arab insurgents. The loss of the latter was 400 killed and 400 wounded. That of the French is estimated at 80 killed and 27 wounded. The History of Darien. Terra Firma, or the mainland of New Granada, was discovered by Columbus in 1493, and he visited Chagres and Navy Bay on the 2d of November, 1502, on his fourth voyage. Six years afterwards King Ferdinand commis sioned Don Alonzo de Ojeda and Don Diego de Nicuesa to make discoveries and conquests in Terra Firma, giving to the former jurisdiction over the country from the Gulf of Uraba, or Darien, eastward to Cape do la Vela, and assign ing to the latter the Government over the country from the Gulf of Darien westward to Cape Graciasa Dios. A dispute which arose between them as to the boundary line of their respective provinces was referred to the pilot, Juan de la Cosa, by whom it was arranged that the River Atrato should firm the boundary. Alonzo de Ojeda went to Car thagena and Turbaco, and was killed by the Indians. Nicuesa went to Veraguas, where he was vigorously opposed by the Indians, and thence proceeded to Nombre do Dios, between Portobello and Cape San Blas. One of the vessels of Nicuesa's small squadron was commanded by the licen tiate or bachelor-in laws, Enciso, who sailed from the city of Santo Domingo, on the Oz ima, in 1509, and proceeded to the Gulf of Darien. Previ. us to his sailing, a young but penniless cavallero, named Vasco Nuncz do Balbao, was smuggled on board, concealed in an empty wine cask. 'To this stratagem he was obliged to have recourse in order to get a passage, in consequence of the great animosity borne to him by Ends°, whose rival he was in the affections of La Zenorita Teresa Davila, by whose father he was beheaded a few years afterwards. Upon discovering him a few days after sailing Enciso ordered him to be killed, but the crew, with whom Vasco Nunez was a favourite, refused to obey his order. Meeting with unexpected difficulties and obsta cles in the Gulf of Darien, he consented to take the advice of Vasco, in accordance with which he selected a place on the west side of the Atrato mouth for the site of a town, to which was given the name of Santa Maria el Antigua del Darien. This town, being the first actual settlement formed on the continent of America, was declared to be the capital of New Andalusia, and was governed by Ends°, and next by Vasco Nunez, who was elected by the people in place of Enciso, whom they deposed. From this place he sent to the King of Spain 300 mares Of gold, which occasioned the name of Castilla del Oro, or Golden Castile, to be given to Terra Firma. S JOU after Enciso had settled at Santa Maria, a party despatched from thence to the westward found Nicuesa and his men in a famishing condition at a place called afterwards Nombre do Dios, because on landing there and finding no Indians, Nicuesa, who had been severely harassed by the Indians of Veraguas, said , " Quedamos aqui en el nombro do Dio" (let U 3 stop here, in the name of God). On St. Michael's day, Sept. 29, 1513, Vasco Nunez dis covered the Pacific Ocean, at the Gulf of San Miguel, having sailed from Santa Maria to Carreto, and thence to Caledonia Harbour, from whence he crossed, fighting a battle on the way with the Indian chief Quarequa. In July, 1514, Dan Pedro Arias Davila, surnamed El Justador, succeeded him as governor of Santa Maria, hav ing been sent out to supersede him, in consequence of corn plaints carried to Spain by E aciso. Ho was afterwards be headed by Davila, at Panama, upon an unfounded charge of treason to the king. IVi h Davila came Juan de Quevedo, as Bishop of Darien, with the usual authority from Pope Leo X., so that Santa Maria was the first episcopal city in America. In 1514, Agla, or Acta, in Caledonia B iy, probably at the mouth of the Aglatumati, was founded by Gabriel de Rojas, as the most convenient point from whence to cross to the Pacific. Iu 1515, King Ferdinand granted to the town of Santa Maria the privilege of bearing as its arms—gules, a golden castle, surmounted by a sun of the same, supported on the right by a tiger, and on the left by a crocodile, with these word—" La imagen de Nuestra Senora del Antigua," In 1516, Agla was fortified by Davila. In 1518 Panama was founded by Davila, after the conquest of Tubanama, its cac'coo, by Vasco Nunez. The word Panama, it may be observed, means "plenty of fish!' In 1532 Agla and the whole Isthmus of Darien were abandoned for Nombrede Dios and Panama, a road having been opened from the former place to San Juan and thence to Panama. Most probably the hostility of the Indians of Darien obliged the Spaniards to seek a transit route elsewhere ; for, although Vasco Nunez conquered the Cacique of Carreto, whose daughter he married, and caciques of Comagre, Ponca, Quarequa, Chiapes, Zumtico, and Pocorosa, no settlements were effected in Darien except those of Santa Mar;a and Agla, which were so soon abandoned. From 1532 to the days of the filibustieros, or buccaneers, there is a complete hiatus in the history of Darien. In 1572, indeed, Nombre de Dios was taken by Sir Francis Drake, who plundered it of specie and commodities of immense value ; but that place, being to the westward of Cape Sans Thas, is included in the Isthmus of Panama. Alter the sacking of Nombre de Dios, which is now a hamlet with a population of about 100 negroes, it was aban doned for Portrbello, which was selected as being a more defensible position and having a better harbour. Its insa lubrity, however, was so great the Spaniards removed from thence to Chagres, whence passengers and goods were con veyed in canoes up the Chagres river to Gorgona in the dry, and Cruces in the rainy season. From each of these places there is a most execrable mule road to ranams,which is 23 miles distant from the former and 21 from the latter, In the lower course of the river, the canoes were propelled by paddles (canaletas), and higher up they were shoved along by poles (palancas), Chagres has lately been deserted, and the Atlantic terminus of the Panama 12 , i1road at, Aspinwall or Colon, on the island of Manzanillo, Navy Bay, is now the point if departure for the Pacific. In 1680 the buccaneers crossed the isthmus by the Chu guanaqua, and took the fort and town of Real de Santa Maria, on the Turfra, in the south of Darien. The follow. lag is the account given in the MS. of Basil Ringrose, one of the buccaneers, which is in the Ayscough Collection, in the British Museum : —" On April 5, 1630, 331 buccaneers, most of them English, passed over from Golden Island, and landed in Darien, each man provided with four cakes of bread, called doughboys, with a pistol a fusil, and a hanger. They began their jour ney, marshalled in divisions with distinguishing flags, under their several commanders, Bartholomew Sharp and his men taking the lead. Many Darien Indians kept them company as their confederates, and supplied them with fruit, plantains, and venison, for which payment was made in axes, hatchets, knives, needles. beads, and trinkets ; all of which the buccaneers had taken care to come well pro • vided with. Among the Darien Indians in company were two chiefs, who went by the names of Captain Andreas and Captain Antonio. The commencement of their march was through the skirt of a wood, which, having passel, they proceeded about a league by the side of a bay, and after wards about two leagues directly up a woody valley, where there was an Indian house and plantation by the side of a river. Here they took up their lodgings for the night, those who could not be received in the house building huts. The Indians were earnest in cautioning them not to sleep on the grass on account of adders. This first day's journey dis couraged four of the buccaneers, and they returned to the ships. Stones were found in the river which, on being broken, shone with sparks of gold. These stones, they were told, wore driven down from the neighbouring mountains by torrents during the rainy season. The next morning at sunrise they proceeded on their way, labouring up a steep hill, which they surmounted about three in the afternoon, and at the foot on the other side they rested on the bank of a river which Capt. Andreas told them ran into the South Sea, and was the same by which the town of Santa Maria was situated." It was, in fact, the Sucubti, which rises from the Pacific side of Mount Agla. By descending it and the Chuqua naqua, of which it is a tributary, they reached the Tuyra, into which the latter falls, and on which Santa Maria, the nearest town to the Mine of Cana, was situated. After taking Santa Maria they proceeded to the Gulf of San Migue and Panama. In 1681, Surgical L'onel Wafer, with a party of the buccaneers, when approaching the mouth of the Tuyra with the intention of returning the way they had come, observed a Spanish gunboat anchored off it. To avoid being taken by the Spaniards they landed at the mouth of the Congo, in the Gulf of San Miguel, whenca the Indians guided the buccaneers to . the Atlantic. Wafer, having scorched his knee by the accidental explosion of some gun powder, was left behind at a hut on the bank of the Congo, and after a residence of some months with the Indians,who treated him well, was by them conducted to the mouth of Conception River, in San Blas Bay. On his return to Lon don he wrote a most interesting account of his journey. He afterwards went to Edinburgh with Patterson to give infor mation concerning Darien to the company which organised the Scotch colony. In 1685 the gold mines of Darien were ordered to be closed by royal decree, dated March the 12th, In 1698 the Scotch colony settled on the extremity of the promontory outside of Port Escoces, and began to build the town of New Edinburgh and the Fort of St. Andrew. The colonists were starved out, in 1699, by the infamous order of King William tho Third, who was influenced in his opposition to them by the remonstrances of the Spanish Ambassador., and the intrigues of the Dutch East Indian Company. The project of colonization was started by Patterson from information given to him by 'Wafer. In 1719 the Indians rose against the Spaniards, and the few doctrinal, or missions, that had been established, were broken up, It appears from a passage in the " Vidge" of Dun Antonio de Ulloa and Don Juan Jorge, the Spanish academicians, who went to the vicinity of Quito to measure the length of a degree on the equator, th it, previous to 1719, there were doctrines at Maturnagenti (a branch of the Savana) and Aglastniqua, in Caledonia Bay, In 174') peace was concluded with the Inciliths by Lieu tenant-General Don Dionisio Martinez do bt Vega, in con- sequence of which Don Sebastian de Eslaba, Viceroy of Santa Fe, sent to North Darien two Jesuits, Padres Salve- dor Grande and Pedro Fabro; and the President of Panama sent to the South Padres Matias Alvarez and Claudio Escobar, who formed the settlements of Mo• lineca, Balsas, Tucuti, Chuquanaqua, Cups, and Yaviss. But they had scarcely succeeded in establishing those missions when the Indians deserted them, and the fathers with difficuly escaped with their lives. In 1784 a junta, convened at Santa Fe de Bogota, by tho viceroy and archbishop, Don Antonio Caballero y Gon- gcra, for the purpose of devising measures for the reduction and pacification of the Indians, decreed the establishment of forts at Mandinga, Concepcion, Carolina, is Caledonia Bay, and Cayman, in the Gulf of Darien. The command of the forts was entrusted to De la Tone, and with him were associated Brigadier General Don Antonio de Arebalo and Garcia de Villalba. The forts were established in 3785, and in the same year Lieutenant Colonel Don Andres de Arias, founded Puerto del Principe, on the Savac a, above the Lava mouth, and placed in it a garrison of 200. Arisa was very anxious to establish a communication be tween the fort of Carolina, in Caledonia Bay, and that of Principe, on the Savena. To promote that object he made a treaty of friendship with Sulpani, or Urruchurchu, the chief of Sucubti, who ga ve his consent to the clearing of a road across the Isthmus, but the other chiefs decidedly re fused to let any Spaniard cr,:es, or even to permit one of Suspani's Indians to convey letters from ono fort to the other. After several fruitless attempts at negotiation on the subject, Don Luis de la Carrera was sent with 300 man of the Princesa Regiment (white soldiers) to open a read, and had succeeded in clearing a path through the bush as far as the bank of the Chuquanaqua, opposite the mouth of the Sucubti, when tho hostile attitude of the Indians obliged him to abandon the work. The route by which Arisa proposed to open a communi cation between the forts, in accordance with the informa tion which he received from Suspani, was, first, to ascend the Aglatumati, one hour's journey from its mouth in Caledonia Bay; then_to cross the Cordillera to the head waters of the Sucubti, an eight hours' journey; next, to descend that river, half a day by water, or one day by land, to its confluence with the Chiquanaqua, from the opposite bank of which to Principe was a journey of six hours. Arisa proposed forming a settlement, to be called Mira flares, at the mouth of Sttcubti, and another, to be called Betanzas, between the Savana and the Chuquanaqua, but, as the road never was made, those plans fell to the ground. Matos, who was governor in Arisa's absence, and Donoso, an engineer, who was sent from Spain, with five assistants, to survey the Sawana and Chuquanaqua, re commended descending the Chuquanaqua to Yavisa, and crossing thence to Principe, evidently a much longer route than Arisa's. It is worthy of note that, as appears from documents existing in the archives of Bogota, from which I gleaned the above scanty memoranda, no sickness of any kind oc curred amongst the Spanish soldiers, although they fre quently made expeditions into the forest, and sometimes remained in the bush for a fortnight. Amongst the docu ments I found the diary of Sergeant Gabriel Morales, who went from Principe with a party of soldiers with the object of catching a stray Indian, and sending him with pacific overtures to the chiefs. It concludes by stating that all his party returned in perfect health. He advanced as far as the Moreti mouth, and then returned, having seen no traces of Indians anywhere, although doubtless his movements had been watched by them. Arisa had gone previously with 200 mon to the confluence of the Sucubti with the Chuquanaqua, and remained there several days without seeing any sign of an Indian. He then put a letter con taining an offer of peace in a bottle, which he suspended from a tree, and returned to Principe. Immediately after his arrival there a messenger came from the Indians to in quire what was tho meaning of the paper in the bottle. Arisa, in his report to the Viceroy, states that none of the men fell sick, although they had but recently arrived from Spain. I found that the old Granadians in the south had a per fect recollection of the attempts made by Arisa, Donoso, and Matos to open a way to the Atlantic. One of them, a very aged negro, named Eulalio Atva, of Chapigana, who was a patient of mine, informed me that ho accompanied his father, who was a barqueano, or Inatman, of Dunoso's, when that engineer was surveying the Chuquanaqua and Savana. He stated that he saw Suspani when he came to Yav:sa to make peaco and be baptised. He also told me that the people at Principe could hear the gun fired at Carolina.—" The Isthmus of Daricn," by Dr. Cullen. (To be continued.) Irons Isters' Quarterly Meeting. WOLVERHAMPTON, Wednesday Evening. The meetings of the ironmasters of this distric for the current quarter comtuenced in this town to day, under circumstances more unsatisfactory and depressing perhaps than was before experienced. The collier's strike has had a most damaging effect upon the trade ; the mischief arising from it is in creasingly felt daily, and even under the most favourable circumstances it will be a very long time before the district recovers from the shock. The attendance to-day was not large, and very little businesa was transacted, the ironmesters not being particularly anxious to take orders while there is ao much of uncertainty about their execution, which must necessarily be the case if the strike continues. In this state of things it is most likely that this will be a very quiet quarter day, but whatever con tracts are to be entered into were reserved for the meeting at Birmingham on Thursday. It was stated to-day that the principal iron masters are moderately supplied with orders; but it was thought that if the colliers were all in there would not be sufficient to keep the works in full operation, the demand on account of the export trade being limited. The market for pig-iron is extremely dull ; few sales were reported to-day, and, notwithstanding the reduction which hes taken place, prices have not materittlly improved. It appears that in the district west of Dudley there are 14 furnaces only in blast out of 56. The colliers' strike was much discussed to-day ; the prevailing opinion was that it will soon be over. A good number of the men is this--the thin coal district—have gene in ; on the Dudley side also the men are dropping in at Lord Dudley's pits, and some other of • the collieries in that locality. The town was perfectly quiet to-day, the colliers not having made their appearance. Soon after the trade had assembled a very gloomy feeling was produced by the announcement that Mr Williams, the chairman of the Association, had died at his residence, Wednesbury Oak, at half past one o'clock. As head of the firm of Phillip Williams and Sons, the deceased had been largely engaged in the iron and coal trade of South Staffordshire all his life ; he was very highly respected, possessed considerable influence, and having been looked up to by all classes he will be much missed in the ►oca. lity. Mr Williams was also a banker at Wednes bury, deputy-chairman of the Birmingham Canal Company, and a director of the London and North Western Railway Company, He was a magistrate of the county of Stafford. FRANCE. BOURSE, Oct. 12.—The market has been heavy, and prices have declined. Threes, for the Account, are now at 65f. 30c, Mobi!ier has also receded, and have been us low as 892 f. 50c. Railway Shares rather offered. The market closed as follows: 41 per Cents. 92 20 Do. end month 3 per Cents Do. end month 65 16 Credit Mobilier BBl 50 Do. end month BBO Bank Shares — Credit Fonoier ll7O Roman Italian Loan — Do. end month 65 15 Ditto Threes — -- New Mexican Russian .. Austrian Spanieh Threes — Home Debt Deferred WAYS. HAIL Orleans.., ..... - Northern .... Lyons and Mediterranean Southern Western Eastern Sardinian .. Austrian LOlrbard North of Spain Saragossa Ditto to Barcelona Cash. Account. 835 835 980 .. 977 60 885 890 605 .. 605 493 75 .. 49J .. 490 310 340 432 50 .. 436 25 517 50 .. 516 25 380 .. 383 75 470 .. 467 59 200 The Franco-Italian Convention. VIENNA, Oct. 9, A despatch dated the 4th inst., forwarded by M. Drouyn de Lhuys to the Duke de Grammont, the French Ambassador at the Austrian Court, is said to have been communicated a few days ago to Count Rechberg. The despatch contains the cfficial notification of the Convention lately concluded between France and Italy, and is believed to be to the following effect :-- M. Drouyn de Lhuys very courteously, but also very briefly, states that no necessity exists to for ward a special notification of the conclusion of the Convention to foreign Powers. Irritability upon the part of the Cabinet of Vienna at the proceedings of the French Government is the less to be pre-supposed, as such a feeling between two friendly Cabinets only appear intelligible when the course pursued by one affects any interest of the other. The text of the Convention has now been published, from which it is apparent that no Austrian interest is affected thereby. The French Cabinet would rather hope that upon closer examination of the text of the Convention the Austrian Government would be of opinion that the step thus inaugurated by France deserved the thanks of Austria and of the whole of Europe, being mainly calculated to set aside an ob stacle by which European peace is permanently and seriously threatened, and by this means to lighten the heavy burdens weighing upon all the great Powers. The Alleged Wreck of Her Majesty's Ship Bulldog• (From the Western Morning News,) The arrival of news of the wreck of the Bulldog first made public in the second edition of the Western Morning News of yesterday, has caused great pain and anxiety in this neighbourhood, where relatives and friends of several of the vessel's officers and crew reside. A letter arrived at Plymouth by the West India mail announced the total wreck of the vessel and loss of all her crew, with the exception of seven persons. The letter was written in a hurried manner from the deck of the Duncan, flagship at Halifax, just in time to save the mail. It gives no further particulars. A variety of rumours are in circulation relative to the credibility of this loss of the crew or of the vessel. The following is a statement cf all the facts at present known :—The letter referred to above was written by a ship's steward who was sent out from Plymouth as a supernumerary in the Bulldeg to join another ship on the North America and West I❑dia station, and is addressed to his father. It ie headed " H.M.S. Duncan, Halifax, Sept. 29," and the following paragraph is extracted in which the writer most explicitly stated the wreck and loss of life. " We thought the mail bags would not close till to-morrow, but they are going to c:ose them in ten minutes. I wAs transferred from the Bulldog to the Galatea in Bermuda for passage here, and very lucky I may think myself, for she is wrecked, and all except seven perished. If she had been an hour later going into Bermuda, I should have remained in her; for the Galatea was under weigh when we came in; but, however, 1 thack God I was not allowed to remain in her to share the fate of the poor unfortunate crew." Another letter from the Duncan, brought by this mail, to a certain extent confirms the loss of the Bulldog, while at the same time it throws a doubt on the loss of the crew. The writer, a quartermaster, named Withecombe, was drafted from the Canopus, receiving ship at Devon port, on board the Bulldog. He writes to his mother. The letter is dated Duncan, Sept. 29, In it the writer says-1' We arrived at Ber muda forty-three days from Plymouth. At Bermuda we found the yellow fever raging violently and were consequently taken out at once, and sent in the Gala tea to Halifax. We left the Delight screw gunboat, which we had brought out at Bermuda. I expect that you have heard that the Bulldog has been ' on the stumps,' but don't be alarmed, we are all safe.' We are anxiously awaiting for the arrival of the gunboats Steady and Cygnet, which we expect to be drafted into." A theory has been suggested that this writer refers to the crew of the Bulldog being taken out of her and sent on to Halifax, but this is improbable, and, indeed, is known to be erroneous, as a letter has been received by the wife of an officer in Plymouth, dated Sept. 9 (four days after the arrival) at sea under orders for Jamaica. Another solution of the writer's meaning suggested is that an accident 11.,s hcppened to the vessel, but that all the crew are saved. The probability of this suggestion depends upon whether the writer was one of the crew of the Bulldog, or went ont as a supernumerary. The latter appears to be most pro bable, as he speaks of being drafted to gunboats—a circumstance which could not happen immediately in the case of the crew of the Bulldog whether she were wrecked or not. If, therefore, he was a super numerary, the question arises whether, in his saying " we are all safe," he does not refer to the supernu meraries, and takes the same view of having had a narrow escape, which he is desirous of communicat ing to his friends, as does the ship's steward. In that case the second letter would fully corroborate the first. A naval officer in Devouport has received a letter from the Duncan by this mail, in which no mention is made of the loss of the Bulldog. THE I\TEW ROUTE THROUGH ST. JAMES'S.PARK. •The new road from the Houses of Parliament to Buckingham palace, along the Birdcage-walk now in course of formation under the direction of the Commissioners of Woods and Forrests, is advancing rapidly towards comple tion, The portion set apart for a carriage thoroughfare, to be added to the old causeway, is already finished, and on Monday last vas rendered accessible to the pa , sage of vehicles. Tho other alley, under the shade of the trees, re served for the 1189 of equestrians, is in a very forward state of preparation. The stonework f,r the fixing of the iron fence is laid throughout the length of the route, and a con siderable extent of rails has been placed in position. A DISGUSTING EXIIIBITION.—At the Potenfield fair on Thursday was offered for public exhibition a being in human shape, of stature tall and stout, wearing only the aemi•savage garb around his middle, and encircled by a loather belt, styled an American Indian and " vermin killer." A sort of box was then brought forward (locked) containing live rats, upon which the cannibal-like counte • nance of tho "vermin killer" brightened up with exoited delight, and upon the lid being raised he seized the rat in his hand, and, placing its head between his teeth, with a sickening crash of the skull, instantly killed it, and devoured the whole in little over a minute. The same scene was repeated throughout till the whole dozen was stowed away in the capacious stomach of the brute, leaving only three or four tails from the lot, thereby putting into the shade the exploits of dog Billy, and eclipsing the widespread fame of the Kilkenny cats, Should this bo allowed ? Surrey 05.eangora. STATE OF TRADE. DUNDEE, Oct. 11.—The failures which are occurring daily in England induce caution here, and operations are in consequence restricted to the supply of present wants. Really good flax and tow about maintain their value, but common qualities, especially of St Petersburg goods, are difficult to sell even at considerably reduced prices. The business clone since last report is confined to a few unim portant transactions. Jute continues very quiet here, and prices do not respond to the advance in the south, the ten dency being rather downward. There was a moderate de mand for yarns to day, and as spinners are getting through their forward sales they are now more willing for business, and prices are in favour of buyers. Buyers of linens hold orders for considerable parcels of goods of various descrip tions, but in the present state of the market they do not place them, expecting that prices may yet go lower. Manu facturers are willing to contract for nearly all the fabrics made at reduced rates, but as they are still geneially work ing en former orders, and not requiring to press sales, the fall is not so great as on the raw material. Prices are, on the whole, rather irregular, as makers who have finished their contracts ask lees than those who are still well fore sold. LEICESTER, 12th.—There has been a tolerable amount of business doing in hosiery goods during the past few days, considering that it is the fair week, At Loughborough and Hinckley business is rather quiet. There is not quite so much doing in yarns, and prices have given way. Spinners are working generally to order. There is n 9 material change in the price of wools, and the market is quiet. NOTTINGHAM, 12th.—The lace trade has been more quiet this week than it bas been for several weeks past. All branches are dull. Plain nets are not inquired after, and in fancy goods there is very little doing. Black silk laces aro in very little request, and the demand for narrow edging has greatly fallen off. Silk Mechlins and quiltings are not in improved demand, and manufacturers are in all cases confining productions to immediate requirements. The hosiery trade is dull in all departments. The home demand is limited, and there is very little doing in shipping. THE LATE 'SIR ALEXANDER LAWRENCE, BART, .The Indian mail has brought the melancholy tidings of the death of Sir Alexander Hutchinson Lawrence by an accident, He was passing on horseback over a bridge crossing a precipice in the Thibet-road when the bridge gave way under his horse, and he was killed instantaneously. Ho was the eldest son of the illustrious Sir Henry Montgo mery Lawrence, K.C.8., who fell at Lucknow, by the youngest daughter of the Rev. G. Marshall, of Cardonagh, in Ireland. He was born at Allahabad in 1838, entered the Bangal Civil Service in 1857, and was assistant-commis sioner in the Purijaub. He married, in 1862, the daughter of Dr Every Kenneiy, of Upper Marrion••street, Dublin, and of Belgrade Castle, Dublin county. He was created a baronet for his father's services in India in 1851, with re mainder to his brother, Henry Waldemar. He was nephew of the eminent Viceroy of India, the Right lion, Sir John Lawrence, Bart., Cr,c,B , D,C,L• Ontrt - cs D t tirtribr. HER MAJESTY. BALMORAL, Oct. 1 1 . The Queen went out yesterday morning, attended by Lady Augusta Stanley; and in the afternoc! her Mdjesty, accompanied by Princess Helena and the Dean of Westminster, and attended by Lldf Augusta Stanley, drove to the Lynn of Muick. Princess Helena, attended by the Hon. Erg" Lascelles, went out riding in the morning. The Prince and Princess of Wales. LUBLCIC, Oct. 12. The royal yacht Osborne, with the Prince a nd Princess o f W a l es , t oge th er w ith the infant p rince ' on board, has arrived at Travemunde. Their Royal Highnesses will proceed to Glu ck ' stadt by special train at 11 a.m. Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Waits will not visit Paris before returning to Engla nd ' though it is probable that a short stay will be made ju Ger ms many. The Duchess of Baccleuch and Lady victoria Scott left Belgrav e . square on T ues d a y t o join the du ke °- other members of th e f am il y at D rum l anr ig Castle' Duur. friesshire. ll The Marquis a n d M arc hi oness o f Salisbury 771 receive a succession of v i s it ors a t H a tfi e ld House, Serfs. t ;° The Marquis of B r i sto l, who is staying a ae country seat at Ickworth, h as b een su ffering from ver ,, illness during the p as t wee k, an d on S a t ur day his lordsb iP state was such as t o exc it e th e ser i ous a pp r ehensions of 11 family. We learn, however, that a favourable change since taken place, and that his lordship's medical advisers give good hopes of his gradual recovery. Maria Marchioness of Ailesbury has arrived in town from Jerveaux Abbey, the seat of the Marquis and Marchioness of Ailesbury. The Earl and Counts of Derby do not rec ei" company at Knowsley Park until the second week in th ensuing month. Ttie Earl of Wilton will l eave N_wmarktt: morrow, to j,in the countess a t H ea t on Hall, near s ua- d .- el - ester. At the e nd o f th e mont h t h e no ble earl countess go to Egerton Lodge, Melton Mowbray, for the hunting season. The Countess Cowper will shortly receive d ie ' tingu:shed party at Wrest Park, Beds. It is the intention of her ladyship to give a ball at Wrest to the co unty nobility and gerery, and there is to be a grand ball at D er ' shanger Park, near Hertford, before Christmas. We understand that the marria e of the Lady Helen M‘Donn e ll, d aug ht er o f the late Earl and Laura Countess of Antrim, with Sir Malcolm Murray W areß°r' Bart., is to take place on Tuesday, the 25th inst. Toe marriage of Mr. W. W. P. Conseil' o e Brawith Hall, Y or k s hi re , w i t h Edi th, eldes t daughter 0 Lord and Lady Ch ar l es K err , i s fi xe d to ta k e p l a ce on ill° 10th Nov Amber at Dalkeith Chapel. Of The marriage of Victoi re , younges t d a ughter Mr. M. W. Bait a, t o D on J ose B ernard i no F er nandez "- Velaeco, Duke de Frias. was celebrated yesterday at p al: . Chapel of th e Sp an i s h E m b assy, b y the Very Rev' Hearn. After a dejetiner at the house of the bride's fat" the duke and duehe,s left for Combo Bank, Seven Oa k* Kent, on their way to the Continent. r, THE CuMAION LA W C OURTS.— T he C our t of ve— v„, mon Pleas will sit at Nisi Prius in Michaelmas Term' in Middlesex, on Thursday, November 3, and Wedne sdal c i November 9, and in Lond on on Monday, November 7, an Monday, November 14. The Court will sit, after term, in Middlesex, on Saturday, November 26, and after term, rn London, on Thursday, Dec, 3. The Court of Exclle €l2 % will hold its first sitting day in term, in Middlesex, e '" Thursday, November 3; second sitting day, Ni r e duescb re: November 9; third s itti ng d ay , W e d nes d ay, N ov ember and in London on Mo n d a y, N ovem b er 7 , an d M on day, N °., vember 14. The Court will sit after term, in Middlesex, cu Saturday, November 26, and in London on Thursdal; D,cember 8. The Cou r t w ill s it i n Middl esex a t Nisi priu in term by a journment from day to day until the cause entered for the Middlesex sittings are disposed of. OUR DOGS.—The dogs of Great Britain are an increasing race. Th e £39 12 a annua l tax Wee Pal i upon 81 packs of hounds (of 66 or more) in the financial year 1859-60, and upon 84 p ac k s i n 1861-62. Th e packs 47 . , greyhounds (of 15 or more ) were 29 i n t h e f ormer year an 38 in the latter; the duty is £9. For cogs of any other d e : scription the tax is 12s a -year, and it was assessed on 324,7 0 ' in 185 J-60, and on 3.6,862 in 1861-62. The returns do not carry these details down to a later year as yet, but the Po' duce of the dog-tax increased in the year 1862-63, and 8 0 13 in the year 1863-64. UN WILLING PASSEN GE RS.—A female camel, Wal l her young ono, arrived in Southampton yesterdai , to be sent out in the Bremen mail steamer New York to the United States. They were accompanied by an Arab keeper. By nu contrivance could the elder camel be induced to crest!' the gangway from the dock to the ship, although the Arab tried by blows and by coaxing with a bag of oats to get ill on board. The yo ung came l, a b ou t t h e s i ze e f a pon y, an covered with beautifully soft silky hair, stuck to his dare' As the tide w.ts about to ebb, the pilot on board the ship; became impatient, and called out "Have the animal s shipped." A number of the German passengers on board the New York rushed on shore, and, amidst shouts of laughter, took the young camel up in their arms and carried him bodily on to the steamer, and the ship was obliged to leave the side of the dock immediately, leaving the she camel behind. The y oung came l b egan to cry i n th e most pitiful manner on being separated from his dam, and the latter, hearing the cries, moaned distressingly; her eyes were moistened with te ars, an d h er h ea d was s l ow ly and solemnly moving to and fro, looking for her young one. A' length she was put into a horse box and slung on board a steam-tug and taken out to the New York, which waited in the stream for her. CRYSTALLOGENIC FORM.—Under this titl3 3 . 1 • Kuhlmann has just addressed a paper to the Ma' demy of Sciences, his object being to show that all miner al particles have a tendency to arrange themselves in crystals; or at least in strata, or in nodules. Thus gypsum, dissetni' nated throughout a mass of clay, will in course of time b e found collected under the form of crystals, its particle° having by slow degrees penetrated through the clay i° virtue of the force of attraction. Ia the Bidache limestone (Basses-Pyrenees) silex has formed distinct strata; and in the chalk formations concretions of silex are often found at short distances from each other. M. Kuhlmann shovi° that very flexible brass wire may become brittle by frequent vibration ; the same is the case with iron wire, which, owing to this circumstance, is now universally rejected as a m ate' rial for the construction of suspension bridges. The crystal" lization of wrought iron has often been the cause of acci dents, as may be seen from the frequent breaking of axles trees. Those of rails B eay carriages are safer than those of common vehicles, because they do not receive such violent shocks on rails as the others do on stone pavements; they are, therefore, chiefly liable to wear out. M. Kuhlmann states that he had, on the Northern Railway, examined axletrees, the iron of which still preserved its fibrous texture, though it had travelled over several hundred thousand kilogrames of rail. The axletree of a common carriage when it breaks preseno.s a granulated or crystalline frac" ture, which it would not have had when fresh from the anvil—hence, by constant motion, the particles of the iron have passed from the fibrous to the crystalline state. Similar changes take place in sheet-iron ; thus a 9 1 ,ecimen of the latter, of excellent quality, having been used for the construction of a boiler, has noW become quite brittle, after having been for the space of 20 years exposed to the constant vibrations produced by the ebullition of water; even the rivets which held the plate. together have become brittle. M. Kuhlmann points out an easy way of discovering at any time whether the change de scribed has taken place, and whether the iron under exami nation can still be depended upon or not ; this is, to polish a few square centimetres of its surface with a smooth file , and then to expose it for a few minutes to the action of nitrio acid. If the texture of the metal has become crystalline, this new state will thus become apparent. THE DISTRESS IN PRESTON.—The distress in thitl town has begun to assume proportions which were there not grounds for believing it to be of a transient cha racter, would be calculated to create alarm as to the state of the operatives during the ensuing winter. At the weeklY meeting of the Relief Committee, held at their cifices , Crooked-lane, on Monday, it was reported that 2,156 cases comprising 8,162 persons, had been relieved during the past week, at a cost of £225 Bs. 61, being an increase on the previous week of 229 cases, 1,001 persons, and £25 Os. 6d. expenditure. The total increase in the number of persons relieved since September 18, when the distress was at its minimum, is no less than 3,317. The committee have just taken the census of the factory population by a house-to-house visitation, when , t was discovered that no less than 6,894 factory operatives have either emigrated, found employment elsewhere, or have been removed by the guardians. The chief constable's weekly report as to the state of employment shows that there are 23 mills totally closed out of the S 7. The number of operatives working full time is 8,583; five days, 2,787; four days, 496; three days, 4,503 ; two days, 67 ; and totally unemployed, 10,988. Seven deaths from fever having erreued during the past week, an inquiry as to the sani tary condition of the infected districts was ordered, with a view of checking the further progress of the epidemic, if possible. lIE DECIMAL REFORM MOVEMENT.—An in° fluential meeting of commercial men was held on Tuesday in Liverpool, at which it was resolved to form a provisional committee with the view of establishing a branch of the international association for obtaining a uniform decimal system of measures, weights, and coinage.