The Sun. — London, England, 1838-10-16 00:00:00

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. "Nis- SIR— 4 obse rve a new p ump is being fixed at Charing cross ; and having noticed a very considerate provision for animals, as well as human beings, at several public pumps (particularly about Sloane-street), I am induced to hope it Is not too late to adopt a similar accommodation at this great thoroughfare ; and if the said new pump is not under the direction of the ceremonious officers of the Woods and Works, the scheme may possibly succeed : of getting a small cistern, or trough, beneath the spout of the pump, on the ground, from which dogs and sheep can drink when passing by ; the waste drip from the pump always keeps the trough full and clean in the instances above alluded to. Your's, Q. [We think this suggestion worthy the notica of the " Animals' Friend Society."]—En. SUN. SPORTIN G INTELLIGENCE. —NEWMARKET SECOND 0 CT OBER MEETING, Handica ESTERDA p Sweepstakes of 10 sovs. each, for three years old and upwards. T. Y. C. 8 Subs. Mr. Thornhill's Mendizabal, 5 yrs, 9st. 41b Connelly 1 Mr. Pettit's Anne Boleyn, 3 yrs, Get. 41b 2 The following also started :—Mr. Watt's Dash, 3 yrs, Bst. 71h. ; Captain Gardnor's Benedict, 4 yrs, Bst. 41b. ; Mr. Wilson's b. c. by Voltaire out of Yorkshire Lass, 3 yrs, ist. 121 b. ; Col. Peel's St. Vitus, 3 yrs, 6st. 121 b. ; Mr. Bond's b. f. Maid of the Mill, by Partisan, out of Coquette, 3 yrs, 6st. 71b. ; and Mr. Forth nd. gr. L Sister t o Professor, 3 yrs, sst. 91b. Bettincr-2 to 1 agst St. V itus, 4 to 1 ags t Dash, 6 to 1 agst Anne Boleyn, 6 to 1 agst Yorkshire Lass colt, and 7to 1 agst Mendizabel. Won by half a length. Match, 500, h. ft. T. Y. C.—Colonel Peel's Vulture, Bst. 81b., received from Lord Lichfield's The Carpenter, Bst. 31b. The Garden Stakes of 100 sovs. each. 6 Subs. T.M.M. Mr. Greville's Slorella, 3 yrs, sst 101 b Cotton 1 Mr. Thornhill's Egeria, 4 yrs, 9st Lord Exeter's Velure, 4 yrs, 7st. 91b Duk e o f Richmond's Guava, 3 yrs, a feather 4 t ° Betting -6 to 4 agst Velure, 3to 1 agst Egeria (taken), and 8 agst Guava. Won by a length easy. Post Match, Bst. 71b. each. R.M. 300, h. ft. One to the post. - -Duk e of Portland's c. by Tiresias, out of Souvenir, c. by Priam, out of Manto, &c. Boeotian received from the Duke of Richmond's ch. g. Hoogley, br. c. Frontignac, and br. c. Chateau Lafitte. Match, 500, h. ft. Ab. M.—Lord Suffield's Caravan, Bst. 121 b., received forfeit Mr. Greville's Mango, Bst. 51b. Match, 200, h. ft. D.M.—Lord Suffield's Bamboo, Bst. 71b., receives 50 sovs. from Mr. Greville's Osprey (dead), ist; 111 b. YAL CALEDONIAN HUNT AND WESTERN MEETING AT AYR.—TMURSDA The given by the Duke of Buccleuch, with 50 sovs. added , io .L O a Sub scr i p ti on o f 15 so vs . eac h, p.p. T wo m il es . 3 S u b s . Ir , J. 0. Fairlie's ch. c. Abraham Newland, 4 yrs, Bst. 41b 1 Sir J. Boswell's b. m. Bella, aged, Sst. 121 b 2 Lord Kelburne's br. c. by Jerry, 3 yrs, 7st. 41b Won by a length. The Eglinton Gold Cup, by Subscribers of 20 sovs. each, h. ft. Ridden by Members'of a Hunting or Racing Club in Scotland. __Two miles. 4 Subs. blr. Scott's br . Oswald, 6 yrs, 12st. 71b...Capt. Richardson 1 Mr. Merry's Bedershin, by De Vere, 4 yrs, list . 81b L .; J. Boswell's br. g. Worthy, 6 yrs, 12st. 71b Lord Eglinton's bl. h. The Black Diamond, 5 yrs, 12st. 21b 4 - - Won by a length. Fifty soes. given bthe Caledonian Hunt. Heats, two miles. l 'ir• Merry's l3edershin, 4 yrs, Bst. 91b J. Holmes 31 1 9st Lordg. Eglinton's b. The Potentate, by Langar, 6 yrs, Air. 1 2 2 Meikla rn ' s b. c .W ee Willie, 3 yrs 2 dr A good race. Two yrs old Stakes of 25 sovs. each, 10 ft., with 50 added by the Western Meeting ; for colts, Bst. 31b ; and fillies, Bst. Three v quarters of a mile. 8 Subs. .1,-4'orcl Eglinton's b. c. Uriali, by Priam Wm. Thompson 1 rd Eglinton's ch. f. Lais, by Corinthian -Vr. Rarnsay's b. c. Easimmeld, by Mulatto 3 air. Alexander's ch. f. by ' Corinthian Won by three quarters of a length. 01 . give n b y the Caledonian Hunt. Mile-heats. The winner to be sold for 200 sovs., if demanded, &c. Alerry's b r . m . Fl orent i a, 5 yrs, 9st W. Edgar 3 1 1 Air. Ramsay's b. g. Luther, 5 yrs, 9st. Mr. J. 0. Fairlie's gr. c. Pyramid, 4yrs, Bst. 101 b 43 3 Lord Eglinton's b. f. Bellona, 3 yrs, 7st. 81b. A fine race. The H arr i er St a k es of 5 sovs. each, p.p., for horses not thorough bred, &c., 13 s t. eac h, h eats, once round a distance, were won in two heats by Mr. Campbell's Baronet, aged (Mr. J. 0. Fairlie), beating Sir James Boswell's br. g. Cottager. INGLEWOOD HUNT AND PENRITH RACES. WEDNESDAY. Sweepstakes of 5 guineas each, with 20 added by the Members of the Inglewood Hunt. Two-mile heats. 6 Subs. Sir J. Boswell's ch. c. Aimwell, 3 yrs, 7st. 11b. ...... 1 3 I Colonel Cradock's ch. c. by Recovery, 3 yrs, 6st 131 b. 3 1 2 Sir \V. Scott's h. h. the Count, aged, 9st. 51h............ 2 2dr Maiden Plate of 501. for all ages. Heats, two miles. Mr. Walker's ch. c. Tyrant, 3 yrs, 6st. 101 b Dlr. Attwood's b. f. Thero, 3 yrs, 6st. 71b Mr. Elliott's b. f. by Corinthian, 4 yrs, 7st. 71b. FRIDAY. Plate of 101., from the Inglewood Hunt Racing Fund, for horses of all 0 , C5. Two-mile heats. S ir J. Boswell's ch. c. Aimwell, 3 yrs, ist. Mb. .Hut chinson. 8 " . W. Scott's b. h. The Count, aged, 9st. Mb. Colonel Cradock's ch. c. by Recovery, 3 yrs, 7st. 31b 2 2 dr HUNTING APPOINTMENTS. Eo ,Alr. Morgan's hounds to-morrow, at Castietown ; Friday, at bor Bridge. The Tivyside hounds on Thursday at Llwyngwair Bridge—at 10. The Pembrokeshire hounds on Thursday, at Trcfgarn Bridge-- a t 10. The Swansea harriers on Friday, at Croeinon. The Y or k and Ainsty hounds, on Thursday, at Strensall ; Sa turday, at Stearsby—at half-past 10. ‘ __The E ar l of Ilarewood's hounds to-morrow, at `Nike ; Friday, at Walton —at half-past 10. The Sinnington hounds on Friday, at Sinnington—half-past 9. ----- - - - - The St. James's Theatre is still in the market. There are lots of aspirants for fame and fortune ; some with view to opera bulls, others for a regular English opera ; Whilst ma n y contend that as the Parisian Theatre for vaude !llles is b urnt d own, the very efficient company of that esta b lishment would be very attractive at the St. James's theatre— unquestionably the most splendid little theatre in Europe, t' f ind fr om i ts s i tuat i on most encouraging to any person who has ttet and a judgment to direct such . On dit—Mr. Robins asks but 2 000/. rent for it. Surely concern such a temptation ca nnot be resi s t e d,' as it is a much lower one than Mr. Braham r eeeives f or hi s new l y constructed theatre at the Colosseum, where the admission is limited to one shilling. • e , a Comparative statement of ves s els, passenge r s, an d : on na -_ grrived a t th e p ort o f Q ue b ec to th e 7 t h o f S eptem b er , ftt the years 1837 and 1838. Vessels. Tonnage. Passengers. 1g38 ............ 752 ... 231,728 ... 2,568 1837........••.. 678 210,894 ... 21,423 More this year... ... 20,834 Less 18,855 Arri va l s on second voyage, 1838 35 9 1837 More this year NEW TE NNIS C OURT AT L ORD ' S .—W e are glad t „ find that the first stone of a new Tennis Court has been laid „a ord' s oers Ground, for the advantage, exclusively, of the Mem- Zof the Marylebone Cricket Club.- Mr. Aislabre, the re ectable S ecretary of the Club, performed th i s grateful office i n 8 , 4 appropriate speec h, o f w hi c h f u ll part i cu l ars w ill a ppear s tam excellent sporting paper, Bell's Life in London, on "daY next. b° n Thursday night some wretch set fire to the : 13 and other out-buildings of Mr. James Hunt, of Orchard, bn-Ir S haftesbury. The fire raged with such fury that no V t ion of the property . could be saved except the dwelling lin-rtise. Several pigs and a large quantity of poultry were th Lt to death. A fellow who was observed lurking about Premises i s suspecte d o f h av i ng perpetrate d th e ac t. Th e 4.l'''Perty is uninsured.—Dorset County Chronicle. 1 - 1 1.1\rn rn i, •—N ESs.— to.,C who are pining away in dark aitiwr with hope deferred for eventual but uncertain - ai l er from a ' 'formidable and dangerous operation when the L - I . ( i' ar i a ct is ripe, may now dispel their doubts and fears, and t L ' ; 'go the confident and cheering anticipation of restoration 11 ) 4 1h r , by submitting without delay to the admirable,. singu -- Y and efficacious substitute for couching, most inte inatinglY detailed in the popular work on Cataract, advertised another column of our paper. lb 13R IGuTON.-011 Saturday afternoon, between vt. and four o' c l oc k, this town and neighbourhood were isietodehours, -Y a severe and heavy s.iow storm, which, after two the a c ontinuance, kft the place and its inhabitants with all at eo PPearanc es of winter. Such a circumstance occurring h hpersoe early nage, " per•o athe is oldest i not remem habitarenbed "- by that very vene tita May be doubt e d whether the various post and t e le co ach-masters, on roads contiguous to railways, are not ,g off their st oc k s o f h or ses rather prematurely. It by g a e C r e Vls follows that the old mode of travelling will be so gar; ally abandoned as they appear to apprehend, as passers by h o rs e conveyed from London to Birmingham at this time i r e e : p o o a n c ri h i e n s g for one guinea inside and ten shillings out, tthbeirdtc° billings prices by the Birmingham Railway being and twenty shillings. othe the 30th u l t . two porpo i ses , th e one o ld and the far Thong',u had f o ll owe d some fishes up the river Urr, as the ra, Port, whi c h i s di stant t h ree m il es f rom t h e mo uth of tid e rer, where they were prevented from returning with the r aced ? the tea, by boys throwing stones at them, till the tide rnedia e , ki, when they were left in the pool at low water. Im in a ho l t lY afterwards some of the sailors, and others, mustered after tl t, with boat-hooks, and continued throwing the hooks, and filled it of harpoons, till they struck the young one, Isee mo . it. The old one was struck several times, but st rue ," to remain almost uninjured. At length a fisherman and (I k e a boat-hook into her side, upon which she swam up taileow the pool with the boat-hook sticking in her side, and ersa Considerable time it got disengaged. She was several ne w struck afterwards, but was not captured till a a draught tar,lea,B g°t, and drawn across the river, when she was en log?. uin it, and ha u l e d on board a vessel with tackle. A Ac en ; s. nu rnber of people was on shore, witnessing this novel is The old one measured about six feet in length, by five eurnference, and weighed upwards of 14 stones. Th e u - eight of er t he voung was about 31stooes. Next day the blub oil. "" ;j u t oft and boiled, and produced four gallons of good '-'"Thfries Times 3 1 r. S ac k ville Lane Fox arrived at his mansion i n St, a mes's-square on Saturday last, from Scarborough. PRUSSIAN RUM AND THE ENGLISH EXCISE. [FROM A CORRESPONDENT.] Prussia, as every body knows, is, generally speaking, a very sandy country, and is very favourable to the cultivation of potatoes. They are, accordingly, extensively cultivated, are very fine, and are used for a variety of purposes. Amongst others, they are employed to fatten cattle, but it has been found that they answer this purpose best after they have been subjected to the process of distillation. Accordingly, spirit is distilled from potatoes, in Prussia, less for its own sake, than for the sake of the rofuse of the still to feed cattle, which no former in the sandy parts of Prussia can dispense with. On every farm almost, in con sequence, and certainly on every estate (Gut), there is a distillery, and spirits are made in considerable quantities. Spirits in Prussia, as in England, are subject to an excise, and contribute considerably to the revenue. To allow of such an extension of the manufacture, as opened numerous doors to fraud, became in consequence a matter of serious consideration, but as its extension was essential to the agri cultural prosperity of Prussia, the Government adopted a plan, which both secured the revenue, and admitted of an unlimited extension to distillation, and which, perhaps, might be worthy of imitation in England. About the year 1824, the Pressian Government passed a law, declaring that the rate of duty at that ' time levied on spirits in proportion to the quantity then obtained from the mash, should remain the same, whatever quantity should be obtained, and should be levied wholly on the mash. Thus suppose that in 1824, 600 gallons of mash yielded 50 gallons of pure spirits, and the 50 gallons paid a duty of 9 thalers, or about 275., the Government decreed that on every 600 gallons of mash distilled in future, whatever quantity of spirits the distiller might get, the same sum of 9 thalers should be paid, and the distiller was at liberty to use his mash in any manner he liked. All the restrictions the Government placed on the manufacture were, to require the distiller to inform the Excise officer when he meant to mash, to specify the quantity, and to work it off within a given time. The manufacture was placed, therefore, as completely in a state of freedom as possible, consistent with raising a revenue from the article, and the manufacturer was left at liberty, unfettered by any one noxious restric tion—unless the obligation to work off the mash within a given time, may be so considered—to turn his talents, his knowledge, and his skill to the best account. The results of this wise freedom have been very remarkable. A great improvement soon took place in tho manufac ture, and the quantity of spirits obtained from any given quantity of mash has been nearly doubled, we are informed, since 1824, thus reducing the tax actually levied on the article one half, while the increased quantity manufactured has benefited the revenue. Prussia soon became a great spirit-manufacturing country, and now sends her brandy and her rum, manufactured from potatoes, to Russia, and to almost every pit of Germany. The quantity annually manufactured is not less than 40,000,000 gal lons, which, at a duty of 9 thalers per 50 gallons, yields a revenue of upwards of 7 million thalers. So great have been the advantages, that the Government has at length been smitten with a desire to profit by them, and is about, we are informed, to raise the duty, or has already raised it, though without otherwise interfering with the manu- facture. Whether an increase of duty may not be followed by many evasions of the law, time only can show ; the low rate of duty hitherto levied, combined with the perfect freedom accorded to the manufacture, are undoubtedly the sources of this prosperous trade. But the most extraordinary result of it is, that in Prussia rum is manufactured out of potatoes, which is sold throughout Germany as rum, and is actually imported into England under bond in considerable quantities, and is sent to English colonies and sold as rum. We have met with one gentleman, a rectifier in Berlin, who has for two or three years past supplied English merchants trading to our colo nies with rum made in Prussia from potatoes, which is sold abroad as rum from the West Indies. During the present year he has already sent, or is sending, 650 puncheons of potatoe rum to England, and has 150 puncheons more to send. At present he is, we believe, in England, and ex pects, by exhibiting samples of his rum, and by its low price, to obtain a large number of orders. That rum should be manufactured in Prussia out of potatoes—be largely consumed in Germany—be imported into England, and then exported as rum to English colonies, is to be placed amongst the wonders which modern science and art have wrought, and which warrant the assertion that everything is possible to the skill and industry of man. These circumstances suggest a few remarks. We have heard lately from various quarters much praise of the Prussian Government, and we are not disposed, after the example we have quoted of its wisdom, to deny its merits. But from this example it is evident that they consist in having set a rising and necessary branch of industry free from the absurd trammels with which distillation is still encumbered in other countries. The prosperity, then, of Prussia, of which we have also of late heard much, arises less from the Government dragooning the Pietists into conformity, less from its well arranged schools, where no thing can be taught but what the Government approves of, and less from its continual meddling with the domes- tic relations and industry of its people, than from having set one large and essential branch of industry free from the confront it exercises over other things. Those, indeed, who " are most ignorant of what they are most assured," will continue to affirm that the prosperity of Prussia is owing to the almost endless regulations of the Government, and will continue, as at present, to insist on the propriety of providing for every possible contingency by regulations as is done in Prussia. In the one point of setting an important manufacture free from restriction, we heartily wish her example were followed here ; and we should like to learn, from our maltsters, distillers, brewers, &c., &c., how long they mean to tolerate the noxious restrictions which stupid law-makers have laid en the exercise of their industry'? Why could they not make potatoc rum for colonial and other consump tion, as well as the Prussians ? At present the excise laws would prevent it, and it is for them to decide whether they will submit to have their ingenuity trammelled, and their profits annihilated by an absurd code of restrictions. At present, too, if all other circumstances were favourable, the Corn-laws would effectually prevent our distillers from com peting with those of Prussia in the manufacture of potatoe rum. What with Corn-laws then, and what with Excise laws, Englishmen have the prospect before them of soon being surpassed, and their superiority annihilated by the Prussians and other continental people. Let us add, notwithstanding the low duty on spirits in Prussia, and the abundance of them, drunkenness is by no means common, and certainly not so common as in England. But then the Prussians have no Sabbath Bill— no canting, hypocritical bawlers against innocent and decent amusements—no licenses granted, at the discretion of Magistrates, as a means of police, they have no vast array of Parson-justices to take care of the public morals, and they are not a drunken people, though potatoc brandy and rum are cheap and abundant. SKETCH OF THE CIVIL ENGINEER ING OF NORTH AMERICA. EY DAVID STEVENSON, CIVIL ENGINEER. This is a work of great interest, not only to professional men, to whom it is chiefly addressed, but also to the gene ral reader ; and considering the short time that Mr. Ste venson could spare (only three months), the vast tract of country he traversed, and the varied practical information which the work contains, it is highly creditable to his skill, intelligence, and minute observation of the principal features of this great modern republic. In the course of that period he visited Upper and Lower Canada, and the most remarkable, parts of the United States, directing his attention chiefly to the sea ports, navigable rivers, canals, railroads, bridges, and other means of communication in that extensive and prosperous country. He met with every facility for prosecuting his researches from all classes of persons in America, and the utmost readiness to com municate freely every kind of information, without any of that narrow, jealous spirit of concealment which still distin guishes some of the old decrepit' States on the Continent of Europe. The President of the United States, the Secretary at War, and other public functionaries, as well as the various en gineers employed in the construction of public and private works, rendered him every assistance in prosecuting the object of his journey. Next to the vast rivers, numerous canals, railroads, and steam-boats in that country, the most striking feature to a stranger is the almost endless accom modation for vessels of large burden, obtained in such a satisfactory manner, and at so small an expense, along nearly the whole line of the American coast. In proof of this, Mr. Stevenson states that there is no occasion there for stupendous asylum harbours like those of Plymouth, Kingstown, and Cherbourg, and that the smallest Post-office packet station in the Irish Sea has required a much larger expenditure of capital than the Americans have invested in the formation of harbour accommodation for trading vessels along a line of coast no less than 4,000 miles, ex tending from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Mississippi. With such natural advantages, need we wonder that the Americans, descended from the most commercial nation in the world, should outstrip all other States, save the mother country, in the amount of their shipping, and the extent of their commercial transactions? These ready-made har bours, rivers, navigable for thousands of miles into the inte rior of the country, and almost communicating with these rivers numerous lakes of an enormous extent, afford such encouragement to the construction of canals, and other artificial means of communication, that, even great as the enterprise of the Americans is, we must abate some of our astonishment at the vast progress in these respects which this wonderful people have made within the last century. The line of coast formed by the margins of these lakes alone extends to upwards of 4,000 miles ; they have all deep water throughout the whole extent, and present every facility for the purposes of navigation. Their rivers are on a still more gigantic scale. The Missouri, the greatest of all the rivers of North America takes its rise in the Rocky Moun tains, its whole course is 3,217 miles, and its navigation is uninterrupted for 2,532 miles from its mouth. The Missi sippi affords an uninterrupted line of navigation for 2, 0 .50 miles. The Ohio and the Arkansas are only inferior to these giant rivers, and the Moine, another tributary to the Missisippi, is said to be navigable for a distance of 1,500 miles. The whole length of the Missisippi, with its tributary streams, is upwards of forty-four thousand miles ! Now the Rhone, and the Rhine, and the Danube, and every European river, dwindle into pigmy streams when compared with the long, navigable, and deep rivers that flow into the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico ! The Americans, it 'must be admitted, have not failed to take advantage of the vast resources which these rivers and lakes have afforded them. In almost every part of the interior of this vast continent towns are springing up in end less succession, canals and railroads are formed to connect lakes and rivers, and some two thousand miles from the ocean they have established shipping ports on rivers which in a few years may vie with some of the greatest sea-port towns in Europe or America. The following description will give some idea of the busy scene presented to a stranger as he approaches the capital of one of those new States, just formed in the " Great West :" " It is impossible to convey to the reader an adequate idea of those vast bodies of moving water, or to describe the feel ings which the traveller experiences, when, for instance, after crossing the Allegheny Mountains, and completing a fatiguing land journey from the eastern coast of several hundred miles into the interior of the country, he first comes in sight of the Ohio River at Pittsburg. Hare, in the very heart of the Continent of North America, the appearance of a large ship. ping port, containing a fleet of thirty or fo r ty steamers moored in the river, cannot fail to surprise him; and his astonishment is not a little increased if he chances to witness the arrival of one of those steamers, whose approach is announced, long be fore it makes its appearance, by the roaring of its steam, and the volumes of smoke and fire which are vomited from the funnels; but his wonder only attains its height when he is told that this same vessel has come direct from New Orleans, in the Gulf of Mexico, and that fifteen days and nights have been occupied in making this inland voyage, of no less then two thousand miles, among the meanderings of the Mississippi and Ohio." These steam-vessels have neither masts nor sails, and not, one of them is commanded by a professional seaman ; but, what is of far more importance, many of the vessels are decidedly unsafe, and their management is entrusted to mcn, whose recklessness of 'human life and property is equalled only by their ignorance and want of civilization. Mr. Stevenson says— " When the crews of these frail fabrics, therefore, engage iu brisk competition with other vessels, and urge the machi. nery to the utmost extent of its power, it is not to be won dered at that their exertions are often suddenly terminated by the vessel taking fire, and going to the bottom, or by an ex plosion of the steam-boilers. Such accidents are frequently attended with en appalling loss of life, and are of so common occurrence, that they generally exc it e li tt l e or no attention. During my stay in North America, a steamer called the Ben Sherrod, as already mentioned, was burnt on the Mississippi, when 120 persons were reported to have lost their lives. lam happy in being able to add, that th ere i s reason to believe that, in consequence of this accident, the Government of the United States have resolved to take some measures to insure the better regulation of this navigation, which has been too long neglected by them." But loss of life there is only a very minor consideration, their great object is trade, and for that they disregard all risks and spare no expense. The general cry is " forward," and, to do them justice, they progress most wonderfully. What people ever made such strides ? " Forty years ago, that country was almost without a lighthouse, and now no fewer than two hundred are nightly exhibited on its coast; thirty years ago, it had but one steamer and one short canal, and now its rivers and lakes are navigated by between five and six hundred steamers, and its canals are upwards of two thousand seven hundred miles in length ; ten years ago, there were but three miles of railway in the court. try, and now there are no l ess th an s i x t een h un dred miles in operation." Nor are the labours of the people at an end, for there are now no fewer than thirty-three railways in an unfinished state, whose aggregate length, when completed,will amount to upwards of two thousand five hundred miles. We have room for only the f o ll ow i ng extract. I t i s wort h quoting, as a proof of the business-like character of the people, and of the little regard which Jonathan has for what John Bull prizes above all earthly considerations—comfort. Only think of a fat Cockney, placed in a particlar part of a canal-boat, not from choice, but according, to the directions of the captain, to act as ballast, and turned out every morning on deck at five o'clock, while the hammocks are stowed away : " The Americans place themselves entirely in the power and at the command of the captains of the canal-boats, who often use little discretion or civility in giving their orders, and strangers who are unaccustomed to such usage, and would willingly rebel against their tyranny, are in such cases com pelled to be guided by the majority of voices, and quietly to submit to all that takes place, however di-agreeable it may be, About eight o'clock in the evening, every one is turned out of the cabin by the captain and his crew, who are occupied, for some time after the cabin is cleared, in suspending two rows of cots or hammocks from the ceiling, arranged in three tiers one above another. At nine the whole company is ordered below, when the captain calls the names of the passengers from the way-bill, and at the sa me t i me ass i gn s t o each his bed, which must immediately be taken possession of by its rightful owner on pain of his being obliged to occupy a pl ace on the floor, should the number of passengers exceed the num ber of beds, a circumstance of very common occurrence in that locomotive land. I have spent several successive nights in this way, in a cabin only 40 feet long by 11 feet broad, with no less than forty passengers ; while the deafening chorus pro duced by the croaking of the numberless bull-frogs that fre quent the American swamps was so great, as to render it often difficult to make one's-self heard in conversation, and, of course, nearly impossible to sleep. Th e di str ib ut i on of the- beds appears to be generally regulated by the size of the pas sengers, those that are heaviest being placed in the berths next the floor. The object of this arrangement is partly to ballast the boat properly, and 1 a•tly, in the event of a break down, to render the consequence less disagreeable and dan gerous to the unhappy beings in the lower pens. At five o'clock in the morning, all hands are turned out in the same abrupt and discourteous style, and forced to remain on deck in the cold morning air while the hammocks are removed, and breakfast is in preparation. This interval is occupied in the duties of the toilette, which is not the least amusing part of the arrangement. A tin vessel is placed at the stern of the boat, which every one washes and fills for his own use from the water of the canal with a gigantic spoon formed of the same metal ; a towel, a brush, and a comb, intended for the general service, hang at the cabin door, the use of which, however, is fortunately quite optional. The breakfast is served between six and seven o'clock, dinner at eleven, and tea at five." MONEY AND CITY NEWS. (FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.) TIME s. —A certain heaviness hangs over the Stock market, generally arising out of the unsettled state of the foreign affairs of the country. To this, and to the gloomy nature of the exhibit of the revenue just published, is to be ascribed the depressed appearance of the funds. According to the New York papers to the 21st ult., the fall trade was going on favourably, and the city was said to be full of dealers from the south and west. As, however, it is understood that the orders for goods from the United States have by no means been so extensive in the manufac turing districts here as was the case in the regular course of trade formerly, it is probable that the animation noted in the New York market is in great part comparative as consi dered with reference to the prostration of affairs last year at the same period. It may, at all events, be assumed that business in the aggregate was not carried on upon the same scale as formerly. This gradual improvement in commercial matters is, however, upon the whole, of a more healthy and satisfactory character than would have been any sudden reaction approaching to the old times of speculation and overtrading and " racehorse bills." There was also another feature worthy of notice as a favour able symptom of the aspect of affairs at New York. In pro portion as trade became more active and was returning to its customary channels, Stock and Share gambling was on the de cline. The depression in the prices of Stocks and Shares, which bad been going on for some time, was clearly not owing to any peculiar circumstance by which the intrinsic value was affected, but to the more apparent disinclination to speculate. The Banks appeared to be steering a prudent course since the resumption of specie payments, and were no longer in clined to make advances on the deposit of Stocks and Shares, at least not to the same extent as in the times of the paper currency mania, and th. jobbers, who in the main were people of little pretensions to substance, were thus discouraged, be cause no longer able to raise the ways and means for the exer cise of their calling. It does not appear that there was any scarcity of money for the legitimate purposes of trade, for which the demand would naturally be on the increase according to its increase and amelioration. An impression was generally prevalent of a di s incli n ati on i n L on d o n capitalists to invest in American Securities, which, under the circumstances, would nct be surprising, although here a contrary feeling seems to be taken for granted. It is remarkable upon the whole how much the results of the resumptio n of specie payments have so far belied the sinis ter predictions of Mr. Biddle and those who concurred with him. The firmness of the Government in resisting every pro position for rechartering a United States Bank, and establish ing an inconvertible paper currency, has evidently been prr ? .. du..tive of the best effects in the gradual restoration of p ublic credit and confidence, accompanied with a revival of trade, con sequent on the discouragement of a spurious currency, and the spirit of gambling growing out of it. Lettersza steamer have w been t h received n from mai ; Falmouth, letters o dated late on thence njuered were, y e - r n e i , ght , however, announcing for w forwarded the d ed b y arrival t h em i n a the e althoughp o rt p of ap t b h e the Bra bfat rtedoeeemr been acco i m on pl f i o s r he a d n . hour Th a or ex so cu t a h e e , ir aß t s ra u n a s h m al i , ss w io a n a mthigahtt thhaevyregliet could not be sorted h i t o t m ii to detain the mail from Falmouth, • , ntl be n t y done, the Braganza might have been despatched o Plymouth, Where she would • d several uti or it were not couldnot whoortthcownhviel have arrive THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY, OCTOBER, 16, IS3B, hours before the mail is despatched thence, and thus mer chants would have received their letters. To this arrange ment the Admiralty it is said were willing to accede, hut it was opposed by the Post-office authorities. It is strange, that though instituted professedly for public accommodation, this well paid department will neither fulfil its duties nor permit them to be discharged more beneficially in other quarters. POST.—The settlement in the Foreign Stock Market has been arranged without difficulty. The prospects of the com mercial community of the United St a t es , appear, h owever, to have been gradu i ally mproving, though money was rather more in request. The domestic exchanges in the west had slightly approached nearer to an equalisation with the pre mium upon the northern paper; but at New Orleans com plaints were still made by the merchants at the difference of the rates between the southern and northern paper. By a return of the liabilities of the different banks in the city of New Orleans, it appears that they were in a much more healthy situation ; but, though they man if est l y appear capable of resuming specie payments, at a meeting of the Directors of all the New Orleans banks, i t was determined nut to resume until the Ist of January, and then not without Mr. Biddle would return a favourable answer to their application to him, to supply them with a full circulating medium ; in fact, on the question of resumption there seems to be much controversy between the old and new banks of that State. The advices which had arrived out from hence, of the advanced prices of wheat in our markets, had created much speculation in those of the United States, par ticularly that of New York, where, in consequence of much flour having been bought for shipping., the best brands had ad vanced to 9 dols. 25 cents. to 9 dols. 50 cents. per barrel. We believe, however, that little or none had been exported for Great Britain. In other respects, we have no additional in formation from the United States. The exchange on London was 1091 to : 1 2 - for these packets. Launceston, papers have come to hand to the 18th of May, which mention that accounts had been received from Adelaide, South Australia, stating that the Sessions of the Supreme Court had commenced, and found true bills against Mr. Ste phenson, the Private Secretary to the Governor, and Mr, Hutchinson, his Excellency's emi g ration agent, for lib e lli ng Mr. Fisher, the Commissioner. The Governor was making a tour of the province, and had appointed Mr. Geo. Stephen Acting Governor in his absence. AdVices from Canton to the 13th of May, by way of New York, state that little alteration had taken place in the produce markets there. Opium had been, however, in more demand, and New Patna and Benares had advanced 100 dollars per chest in two days, and were quoted as high as 600 dollars per chest. The Exchange on Europe was 41. 4d., and the same on United States Bank Bills. Freights were nominally 104 per ton. C IMONICL E.—The Times is in error with regard to the causes of the increase in the Excise. Unable to deny the large increase of the revenue which has arisen from this depart ment during the quarter which has just ended, the Times says, " It is already known, and might very safely be inferred, with out any absolute knowledge of the fact, that the coronation, which threw the country into a blaze of festivity from one end to the other, has added an enormous sum, in duties on exciseable articles, to the revenue of the country. This has been estimated as high as half a million ; but it will be taking a very moderate calculation indeed if we take it simply as neutralising Mr. Rice's item of increase of 388,49 9 /. under that head." Now the Times is singu larly unfortunate in this 'statement, for the coronation took place on the 28th of June, and the tables for the quarter just expired are made up from the 10th of July to the 10th of Octob r, and, therefore, exclude entirely the expenditure ceeated by the coronation as described by the Times. How ever, it is not believed that the coronation had mach, if any, € ( Sect in causing an increase of the receipts of the Excise ; for if more gin, beer, and other inflammatory matter was con sumed by the population at that period, it is probable that a less amount of tea, coffee, ,and other highly-taxed articles were made use of in a corresponding degree. The increase of the revenue in the last quarter is attributable to no such insignificant causes as those pretended by the Times, but mainly to the gradual revival of the business of the manu facturing districts, through the improvement of the state of vavvtehairtateihtlnoAmerican trad e w hi c h t h e per Times has endeavoured so laborio us l y to em b arrass. Asa eiot authorities ettnsru the i er n l o,gpwrsi present i a nnt n th, cesaeyt wayios dt f e t nthioiefeoafm: Mediterranean, not.odcy i a tsae n unr e ffrt e sca a v i enn h agd i n c o, h t bh t e h ye er Lisbon h P ices o obi s rno t nnp- oeemail to be landed anywhere but at Falmouth, it may be fairly men tioned that a letter arrived in London to-day, saying that the mail had reached Falmouth a short time after the departure of the post, and the consequence was that the bags would re main there twenty-four hours before they would be forwarded. Surely the whole of the bags could have been brought to Lon don as well as a single letter. HERALD.—The late accounts of the anticipated un favourable aspect of the harvest in this country had created some considerable speculation in the market for bread stuffs at New York, and flour had advanced to 9 dollars 25 cents to 50 cents for brands of first-rate qualities, large parcels had been bought on speculation for this country, but notwithstanding the statements in the public Journals, the private letters mention that no actual shipments had taken place. The internal exchange of the United States continued slowly to improve, and the condition of the western, and par ticularly the southern banks, had even advanced in a greater proportion. By a return of the condition of the New Orleans banks, on the 3d of September, it appears that the actual cir culation upon 54,451,000 dollars of capital amounted only to 4,993,313 dol., to meet which the banks had 3,653,631 in specie. The total liabilities of these banks amounted to 22,076,160, and their assets to 56,164,393 dol. These banks had jointly increased their specie 235,294 dol. since August the 6th, and during the same period had diminished their circulation by 490,565 dol. On the 3d of September, the presidents of the different banks of New Orleans met, to discuss the question of a resumption of specie payments, and then continued in their determination to resume on the Ist of January, provided that Mr. Biddle would furnish a circulating medium, of which, as he had not answered their previous application, there was no immediate prospect. It seems also that a great difference ' of opinion prevailed between the directions of the old and new banks respecting the expediency of resumption, the former being anxious to redeem their promises to the public, and the latter, fearful of unpleasant circumstances if the specie banks did not support them, were desirous of continuing a paper cur rency. In the mean time the New Orleans traders we re complaining of the inequality of the exchanges with the north, and, though they had improved, they loudly demanded relief, whilst petitions were getting up, praying the Legislature, if necessary, to compel a resumption on the Ist of January next. At Philadelphia the trade was d u ll i n consequence of the shallow state of the canals, which had compelled the merchant; to go to New York, to seek their supplies from the Western States. By w ay of New York we have also dates from China to the 12th of May. 'Wang, the acting treasurer, had issued or ders to the flong merchants, dated the 30th of April, in which he recapitulates the edicts of the Governor and Hoppo, respecting the passage boats, and threatens the same severe measures in case of disobedience. Six of the longs had been publicly posted by the Hoppo, as being no longer allowed to trade with the foreigners, and the Governor had ordered Cap tain Elliot to apply for a red chop to go up to Canton, either to send Baker's ship away, or order her to be broken up. The exchange on London was 4s. 4d. to 4s. 5d., at six months' sight. United States Bank Bills, 4s. 41. R e p u bli can dollars per cent. prem. , and Carolus 12 per cent. prem.lT3naearteiss a great increased activit y in the o pium market, new and Bcnares having advanced 100 dols. per chest in two days. Cotton p i ece goods and yarns were in de man d, but 'Woollens were dull of sale. There was a great dearth of shipping for Europe in the Chinese ports, and Silks, in consequen ce , wer e dull of sale ; but no estimate had been for me d o f the new crop. The crops in both provinces of the Canadas appear to have turned out very favourably. ri r nE WEATHER AND THE CROPS. The reports relative to the qualityand qu an ti ty o f t h e new wheat are confirmatory of the conviction we held from the first, namely, that the wheat crops are on the whole inferior both in yid,' and in quality to those of last year. The Sheffield Independent speaks the same language on this point as most of the other English papers from the country employ. The Independent says—" The harvest is now nearly completed in this neighbourhood, and the most part has been secured in fair condition ; but, where wheat has been thrashed, it is found to yield considerably less than Was anticipated at the commencement of the harvest. There is, however, a full average produce of barley. la the neighbourhood of Petal stone there is a great quantity of corn yet uncut; and the crops are very light." There are, however, exceptions to the more general opinion of a deficient crop. The Kendal Mercury, for instance, has the following favourable report :—" We have bad truly de lightful weather during the past week—every way seasonable to the w i s h es o f the farmer, and propitious to the in-gather ing of the drops. In the nights a slight hoar-frost has been perceptible, but this, unless to the produce of the garden, would be, upon the whole, rather beneficial than otherwise. The grain in the neighbourhood of this town, we are happy to say, is, with slight exceptions, entirely cut, and =like cured in the storehouse of the farmer. We believe the crops have been very satisfactory, and every way calculated to give ample c ause f or rejoicing or, the part o f t h e agr i cu lt u rist." SCOTLAND.—Th e usual symptoms of the approach of winter are fast appearing. For some days the weather has been ex cessively cold,,and this morning a slight shower of snow has begun to fall just as we were going to press.—Scotsman of Saturday last. The harvest at Berwick is progressing rapidly, and as the weather for some time past has been as favourable as the hus bandman could wish, a great deal of grain has been carried within these few days. Cutting is very far advanced. The lapse of every day bares the fields of their autumnal stores, and crowds the barn-yards; and harvest altogether is more than half finished in this vicinity. We hope that long ere " Cranreucla could" shall have paid us a visit, the joyous kirn shall have gladdened hut and ha', and the humble 4‘ kail yards" o f the poor be studded with numerous bins of that nu tritious esculent the potatoe.—Kelso Chronicle. We have had fine weather during the last ten days, with the exception of Wednesday and Thursday nights, which had been rather cald, there being thick mist and frost. We are not aware that the frost has done much injury except in low marshy places, and even there it has only checked the, growth of the potatoe shaves. We have received accounts from Kin tail and Lochaber, stating that they have almost the whole Crop secured. On many of the farms in our neighbourhood they have a good number of stacks of wheat and barley secured I in their farm-yards; and a gentleman in Ross-shire writes us —" The weather is now most delightful, and grain of all kinds is riper than it appears to the eye, which is generally the case in a late season. Shearing is going on rapidly. The potatoes and turnips have improved much within the last ten days.—lt is feared that the wheat will be a poor crop, but the crop of oats will be a full one, and barley near an average." —lnverness Courier. PORTUGAL. (From a Second Edition of the Morning Post.) We have just received the accompanying communication from our Lisbon correspondent, per mail of the Braganza steamer, which arrived at Falmouth early on Sunday morn ing : her dates are from Gibraltar sth, Cadiz 7th, Lisbon 9th, and Oporto and Vigo 10th instant : OCT. 9.—The following are the returns of the six Senators, six Substitutes, twelve Deputies, and twelve Sub stitutes for this city and province, viz. : General Count des Antas, Count Fanoho, A. J. Brancamp, Baron de Prime, Baron de Villa Nova de Foscoa, better known as Fran. Ant. de Campos ; J. Maria Moreira de Bre gara, Antonio Manuel de Norrabe, an Admiral lately ap• pointed Commander-in. Chief for Angola; Baron de Faro, Baron de Sobral, A. Ozonio de Castro Cabral, Francisco Soares Caldcira, and Clemente Jose Monteiro. For Deputies: Messrs. Manuel Antonio de Carvalho, Minister of Finance ; the Bishop cf Coimbra, L. de Oliveira Grijo, J. F. da Silva Costa, J. V. Birreto Feio, A. C. Cerqueira Faira, J. P. G.ilvao Palma, Paulo Midosi, Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs; M. A. de Vasc o nc e llo s , J. L. F re ire d e Carvalli - o, Manoel dos Santos Ccur, Antonio Josa Silverio, Joao Pcdro Soares Luna, J. P. Indrie Sancora, M. E. S. Mattos Car vent°, A. J. Pedroso de Almeida, J. 0. da C. Cabral e Al-. berquesque, B. M. de Oliveira Borges, A. J. de L. Leitao, R. J. Rodriquez Franca, the celebrated arsenal Chief, Leonel Tavares Cabral, J. J. Falca°, Chief Accountant of the Navy Office, R. F. Fustado de M, 110, and J. de Soura Pinto de Mayalbaes, late Secretary of State. Considering that some of the Senators and Deputies have been previously elected by other places, for which they will sit, and that as many of the Substitutes will then become effective, I am of opinion that they will stand thus:- 2 Senators belonging to the Chartist party. 3 Ditto to the ultra-Liberal party. 1 Ditto to the Ordeiro or Doctrinaire party. 1 Deputy belonging to the Chartist part y . 5 Ditto to the Ordeiro, Doctri na i r e, o r Government party. 6 Ditto ditto to the ultra-Liberal party. Now, all the world knows that Lisbon ever was, and still is, a commercial city, yet not a merchant will sit for this pro vince in either House, a fact which speaks volumes ; yet the elections were conducted with order, and no one was insulted by voting in opposition to the ultra-Liberal party. Various of the journals now hint at the expediencyof calling the extraordinary Cortes together, but I have every reason to believe that there is no intention of anticipating their ordinary meeting, which is in January every year. The members of the Municipal Chamber of Lisbon, con ceiving that the Administrator-General, Costa Cabral, is inter fering with their prerogatives, have sent in their resignation; but I dare say that they will be induced to continue in office for the remainder of the year by some trifling concession. Official intelligence is said to have reached the War-office last evening, of the death of the Miguelite Chief, Baioa, on the sth instant, at within three miles of the city of Evora ; he is said to have been suddenly met by a few National Guards, who, finding that he had only three men with him, summoned him to surrender, which he declined, and a smart fire was kept up for a few minutes until he fell. The Evora authori ties are in possession of his body. Baioa was a man who had received some education, but who pretended to have great cause of complaint against the present Government,without evermen tioning the:particulars. Jose Maria da Costa, alias the Squire of the short hand, is the individual who headed the 26 men on horseback, who entered Villa Vicosa and plundered the public treasury of 3,600,000 rs., say about 8001. cash, then existing, and, on their way from thence, they took all the post-horses from Borba, besides ten at the post-house of Alcovaica, and two belonging to that of Estremor, which they fell in with on the road. They have gone towards the Lower Guadiana along with some of Baioa's men; one of the party, one Brito Gramacha, was taken prisoner on the 28th ult., and must have been shot ere this. We hear from Deja that young Remechido attacked a small detachment of the Queen's troops at St. Lucia, and that he was repulsed with loss. Some troops were instantly dispatched to the Alandral, in order to prevent a junction of the Villa Vicosa guerilla with Remechido ; and Major Cabral, the gentleman who captured Remechido's father, has been entrusted with the command of the troops in pursuit of the Alemtejo guerillas. Her Majesty has issued the customary decree on such oc casions, directing that all documents which require her sig nature with urgency, during the first days of her confinement, shall have the sign manual affixed to them in the presence of the King and her Ministers. The happy event is now looked forward to from day to day. From a statement which has now been published it seems that Brigadier Maninho, the present Governor of the Cape de Verd Islands, granted, or rather sold, twelve patents for the use of the Portuguese flag, during the year 1836, to nine Spanish, two American, and one English vessel, all of which were supposed to be intended for the Slave trade. It is some what extraordinary that, notwithstanding complaints against this functionary are daily pouring into the Colonial-office, no notice is taken of them, unless it be that his Excellency is welPsupported by friends in power. Her Majesty's ship Tribune sailed en the sth, supposed for Cadiz, and the Tagus, Braganza, Transit, Oporto, and Wiliiam Fawcett steamers successively arrived en the sth, 7th, and Bth, from England, Cadiz, Malaga and Cadiz, Oporto, and Madeira, with a good many passengers. The latter boat only left Lisbon for Madeira on the 30th ult., at ten a.m., and was back here by five a.m. yesterday. His Royal Highness Prince George of Cambridge left us for Cadiz and Gibraltar on Saturday morning, after breakfast ing on board the Donegal with Admiral Ommaney. A young lady, to whom the brother of a Noble Lord was very much attached when here about eighteen months since, was drowned the other day while bathing, at the Preece das Macaus, not far from Cintra ; another young lady and two other persons met with the like fate at the same time. Exchange on London, 30 days, 54} ; English paper money, 53 per cent. discount. Trade is excessively dull. FRENCH BLOCKADE OF MEXICO. (From the New York Papers.) A French brig of war has arrived off Vera Cruz in 42 days from France, with the information th a t an a dditi ona l f orce o f fifteen vessels and 10,000 men would be sent by the French Government to aid in the contemplated attack on Vera Cruz. The brig of war La Perouse, still blockaded the port of Tampico. A couple of vessels have left Tampico for Havannah, Ja maica, and England, with about 2,000,000 dollars it specie. Captain Babbett has opened a correspondence with the com mander of the French brig La Perouse, in consequence of its having been reported that the French blockading squadron would in future capture all vessels baund to the Mexican ports without first warning them off, and in consequence of the sei zure of the American brig Vigil by the French brig of war. The French commander replied on the Ist August in these terms : " I have been without orders from Commodore Bazoche for some time, but I think I can assure you that no change has taken place in the rules of the blockade that we pursue, and which are those recognized by all nations ; the only difference as regards our procedure is this--that at the commencement of the bloakade we endorsed upon the Ror d'Equipage of all the vessels met by us, and bound to the coast of Mexico, the notification that since our differences with Mexico all her ports were blockaded until further orders, and that now, as the notice has been given to the Foreign Government, who has officially advised her trade of the same, we have no longer any advice to give upon falling in with such vessels as, in spite of the blockade, seek to land effects for this nation with whom we are in dispute. " It is according- to these well-recognised rules that it is probable that the American brig Vigil has been captured (arrete), and I suppose she has been taken to Sacrificios, to the Commander of the station." BARBADOES. SPEECH OF THE GOVERNOR. ON OPENING THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY, AUG. 27. " Adverting to the successive and separate manumissions effected with tile best intentions in numerous instances before the Ist current, and to the fact that a large body of appren tices was retained in servitude until the arrival of that day, it is easy to account for a diversity of conflicting legal pretensions calculated to confuse and embarrass parties differently circum stanced on contiguous estates, and likewise to render more in tricate the adjustment of their claims by magisterial influence in this colony, than in settlements where one uniform system of emancipation has prevailed. These difficulties have been aun— mented by the contradictory notions instilled into the minds of the labourers, that perseverance in agricultural pursuits would again involve them in the trammels of apprenticeship, and yet that they might continue without the consent of the owners upon the estates to which they bad been originally at tached, there to regulate the amount of their weekly labour solely according to their own discretion. " To the Venerable the Archdeacon and the Clergy, to many of the magistrates, and to the officers commanding detach ments of troops placed (owing to the present defective and incomplete condition of the militia and the police) at the dis posal of the civil authorities, I am bound to express my obli gation for the zealous anxiety they have evinced in contri buting towards the removal of these erroneous impressions, and I particularly invite you attention to the interest in the welfare of the country displayed on all occasions by the Lieu tenant-General commanding the forces, his Excellency Sir Samford Vrhittingham. " In justice to numbers of the peasantry who have resorted to me for advice, I am most happy to applaud the ingenuous ness with which th e y ac k now l e d ge d t h e misapprehensions they had fallen into, and undertook, pursuant to my recom mendation, to resume their usual avocations. Similar expla nations, for the information as well of the proprietary body as of the magistracy and labouring population, are in the course of circulation through other official channels ; and although it is the peculiar duty of the Executive at all times to protect the public tranquillity by preventive measures, I add with pleasure, that the circumstances of the already subsiding partial excitement unfortunately attendant in some portions of the rural districts on the enfranchisement of the working e classes, while i n no d egree a ff ect i ng my con fid e nce in their loyal an d h onest di spositions generally h ave a fforded little room, if any, f or surpr i se , an d certa i n ly none whatever I or alarm. " I congratulate you most heartily on the important event at a communi t y of you r first apr9aranee as the representatives composed entirely of free subjects of the Crown, andl rely implicitly on y our lib era l i nclination gradually to provide for the erection of an hospital and lunatic asylum; for the en couragement of industrious labourers, by the establishment of saving-banks ; and for the furtherance of education, of reli gious instruction, and of such other public objects as the new position of the colony may render it eligible and expedient to promote. _ " On meeting the Legislative Houses, it is a source of high satisfaction to me, in reference to a despatch which will be laid before you from her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Colonial Department, to announce the great gratifi. cation' with which the Queen, our august Sovereign, has been pleased to receive the intelligence of the proceedings,' which have terminated in the enactment, by the Legislature of Bar badoes,' of the Act for the Total Abolition of Apprentice ship, and the flattering approbation her Majesty has graciously vouchsafed to express of the liberal and wisepolicy which has led the Council and Assembly to the adoption of this measure.' Consigning party dissensions to oblivion, it remains for all true Barbadians to unite in sedulously prosecuting the career of freedom thus propitiously opened under the Royal auspices; and I fervently trust that through the successful maintenance of the existing favourable relations with the British Govern ment your Hon. Houses will be so guided by vigorous and en lightened counsels as effectually to supersede the necessity of further direct interference or, the part of the Imperial Parlia ment with the internal legislation of this flourishing and im portant colony." RUSSIA AND POLAND. The German Courier of Stuttgard contains a long reply to the letter from Odessa, dated September 10, which we (the Allgemeine Zeituny) lately inserted. We will make only the following extract. The letter from Odessa said, "If it were the purpose of Russia in any way to abuse its power, it would have done so long ago. Impregnable in its own territory, commanding the most energetic people in the world, meeting with sympathy wherever the Sclavonian language and Sclavo nian manners prevail, Russia might long since have broken through the barriers of Europe, and dictated its will as law." The Stuttgard journal replies, " What inhabitants of a Euro pean State, what German, can read this without profound indignation? Russia could break through the barrier of Europe I that is Prussia, and above all Austria, whenever it thought proper, and dictate to all Europe its will as law 1 If this were true, the English press would be in the right, and all Europe ought to unite against the impending danger. But let us make ourselves easy. Go - to Galicia, to Hungary, to Poland, and ask what sympathy will Russia excite there ? But with respect to the facility with which Russia could break through the barrier of civilized Europe, it will suffice (sup pressing all patriotic self-confidence) to call to mind the naked fact that Russia was obliged to make two campaigns against the Porte (which was , inuch weaker than it now is), and suc ceeded only by a very hazardous manoeuvre in concluding a victorious peace , ;" that it had likewise to make two campaigns against 2.04000 Poles, which cost it its finest troops; and that in the end Warsaw fell more by gold than by steel ; that even now, after a conflict of many years, it is not able to bring under subjection a handful of Circassians, with all its ener getic hardy people • lastly, that it n ever , a t any t i me, sent an army of above 150,000 men beyond its fron tiers ; and, in the actual state of Poland, and of the former Polish provinces, is now far less able to do so. On the other hand, let us look at Prussia, with its admirably organised military force, which may bring 300,000 men into the field ; still more Austria, that great and not duly-appre ciated power, which can draw from its territories half a million of the finest troops, without the slightest apprehension of in ternal commotions ; and so we have the satisfactory assurance, that either of these two powers is strong enough not only to servo as a barrier tc Europe, but to oppose all possible plans of conquest and notions of preponderance in Europe, with a force which would speedily and for ever dispel the numbers of traditional power. With respect to England, Cronstadt, Odessa, Sebastopol, are not out of the reach of the British fleets, and our tacticians have long since known the place where Russia is vulnerable on the land side. But let us ex ienrttraiignul y e ex amine one phrase of the demi Manifesto.—[lt was merely a says s a t t he ele o tt d er e . s — sa N l o e t t e te o r, f Ail i e t ge is me n in b e t Z b e y it u ng] 4 C diplomatic not by false conflicting hopes, which Russia (as its adversa ries falsely suppose) knows how to excite and keep alive_ that it (Russia) sees its wishes for the most part approved in Germany—that France courts its friendship—that Persia places itself under its protection, and that even Mehemet Ali looks up to it and expects only from St. Petersburgh order, tranquillity, and an equitable decision of the pending ques tions." This is the solution of the enigma. ODESSA, SEPT. 23.—The armaments continue here with out intermission. A few days ago there was a grand review of the corps assembled at Wosnesensk. A great number of men-of-war of all sizes are gone to the Maslen coast in order to make the blockade as strict as possible. The corps of troops which have successively arrived in the extensive southern part of the Empire from the Pruth to the north of the Caspian are slowly moving towards the extreme frontier. We are here in the most anxious expectation of the result of all the existing embarrassing relations. Russia has been overreached at Constantinople by England. Baron Ruck mann, who has acted as Charge d'Affaires during Butenieff's absence, seems to have had no presentiment of the approach ing storm, or at least not to have been capable of neutralizing its effects. 'We have been for a moment baffled by the di plomatic intrigues of England ; it will very shortly be seen whether General Butenieff will be able to regain the position which Baron Ruckmann has been forced to give up."—All gemeine Zeitung, Oct. 10. MR. SHARMAN CRAWFORD AND THE IRISH CHURCH QUESTION. In pursuance of the design announced in his former letter, which it will be recollected professedly contained " Observa tions on the present position of the cause of Religious Liberty, respectfully addressed to all the real friends of that cause," Mr. Crawford has now published his second letter. In this, his last letter, the writer expresses his desire to develope " the dangers which may be apprehended to result from the present position of, the Irish Chu r ch questio n ." Aft er d we lli ng on the new Tithe Act, and stating his own views regarding the present position of the cause of Religious Liberty in Ireland, Mr. Crawford proceeds to ask the friends of Religious freedom in Britain, whether that unfavourable position will not react against th emse l vos. " They are struggling (we quote Mr. C ra i vlo r r 3 d' l s a t l e e i t y t letter), naegdai in t Irelanddon in a s n t t ren c g u t u h r e c n h es cause . W ill not the v of Church monopoly in Brit a i n ? If t h e Irish Catholic Clergy the should be pensioned, will the pensioning system be limited to that country ? Will it not spread its corrupting influence over British soil ? Then, I would say to the Voluntaries of Eng land and Scotland—the cause of Civil and Religious Liberty in Ireland is your cause ; and to the Voluntaries of Ireland__ the cause of Religious Liberty in Britain, is your cause. It is a common cause, which can only be carried by a common effort." Mr. Crawford then proceeds to propose that " the united force of the friends of religious liberty, in both countries, should be directed to the object of a new and just appropria tion of tithe rent-charge, now levied for the uses of the Esta blished Church in Ireland, England, or Scotland." " I would propose," continues Mr. Crawford, " that the appropriation to be contended for should be based on the fol lowing principle, as expressed in the words of the resolu tion moved by me, and agreed to by the National Associa tion of Ireland, in the month of November, 1836 (but, in a few weeks after, virtually upset, by a resolution of support to the measures of the Administration). The resolution was in these words Resolved—That it is incompatible with the principles of religious liberty, that any man should be compelled to pay for the ordinances of a Church with which he is not joined in communion.'" " I would propose, that an Association should be formed, pledged to seek an appropriation founded on the foregoing principle, but open to the consideration and adoption of whatever system of application would unite the greatest body of support, consistently with that principle. " I would propose, that if such an Association should be formed in Ulster, a Committee of Correspondence should be appointed to communicate with the friends of religious free dom in other parts of Ireland, and in England and Scot land ; and to endeavour to establish a joint principle of action, and a communication with Members of Parliament friendly to the cause." Mr. Crawford's letter concludes with the expression of a hope "to see a principle of national education established, which wou d combine all sects in a common system." " I must confess" (he adds) "that, from the e - aillict of sectarian contention, my hopes are faint that this desirable object is practicable, under the existing circumstances of Ireland. think it will, in the end, be found necessary to supply the different religious communities with th e means of educating each their own people, and the appropriation I have suggested above would facilitate such an arrangement." It may be incidentally stated that the letter we have above cursorily described, bears no evidence whatever of diminished hostility to Slr. O'Connell or his policy. In the course of his observations Mr. Crawford l:rites—" But it will be said O'Connell has objected on former occasions to such proposi tions as these; he has declared his own dissent, and the dis sent of the Catholic people of Ireland from such propositions. I ask, what signifies any declaration he. has ever made—any principle he has ever supported--any pledge of conduct he has ever offered, either as to political or religious freedoir!? Have they not all been violated ? lam entitled to put this ques tion, having on so many occasions exposed these violations. There are two pretences under which every violation_ has been i covered—the instalment pretext, and the pretext of Fep g the Whigs in, and the Tories out. These are the apologies, and will be the apologies for all delinquencies. On Thursday a batch of strolling players erected a large booth on the May-day G reen, l,for the purp ose --- of acting comedies for the amusement of the country lads and lasses ; but lo 1 in the midst of their performances, a tre mendous gust of wind blew the whole of their crazy fabric down upon the audience, about 150 in number. Shrieks and loud bursts of laughter followed the event, as the auditors rolled about beneath the weight of the canvass and boards. Ladies' bonnets, hats, coats, and gowns were made shapeless, a Fortunately laughable and n o damage ludicrous m moment could mnt wa s s car d c o e n l e y and b t : imagined. life or limb. —Leeds Intellijencer. 1 When the bridge at Bordeaux was built Napoleon, sufficiently i ns i s ted that the arches should beexpansive to o admit of a frigate passing through them without her masts. The soundness and utility of this idea has just been proved. The Callan, 46 gun frigate, launched a Lw days ago, has b e en taken through thebridge , without the slightest accident.