The Sun. — London, England, 1864-11-16 00:00:00

Artillery Experiments at Portsmouth. The shell firing from the 70 pounder rifled guns at the Alfred target ship was continued yesterday under the supervision of the same members of the ispecial committee who were present on the previous occasion and under the same general conditions. Previous to the regular firing commencing however eight of Mr Whitworth's 21 inch shells were fired from his gun at the ship. These shells contained each a bursting charge of 51b., just double the bursting charge of the ordinary shell now being tested against the Shunt and Wedge gun shells, half a pound in excess of the bursting charge of the Shunt shell. The weight of the 21-inch Whitworth loaded shell does not exceed that of its ordinary loaded shell (701 b.), although its bursting charge is double that of the latter, this being attained by lengthening the shell and thinning its metal, The eight rounds were fired with the following results : —No. 1 grazed the water 20ft. from the ship, and burst on graze ; fuse too sensitive ; No. 2 entered the ship and burst inboard ; No. 3 pissed through the ship, meeting apparently with no resistance, and continued its flight with a peculiar screaming noise to a considerable distance beyond the ship. The firing was now suspended for a time, and a visit of inspection made to the target ship. The ship's decks, as is usual on such occasions, had all been carefully swept, and the splinters all removed from them at the conclusion of the day's previous firing, so that the results of one day's work should not by any chance interfere with the other. On the committee reaching the Alfred they found that the first shell, which exploded about 20ft from the vessel's bow, had opened a considerable frac ture, about 6ft. by 27ft. in the ship's external planking, and had let daylight through the ship's hold. The exploded shell had struck the ship just above the water line, but the full power of the shell had not been developed on the ship, owing to its having burst just clear of her side, No. 2 struck the ship's bow in a sound part—that is, unshaken by any previous shell, having struck in the im mediate vicinity—and at . the back of a massive wooden and ironbound knee on the lower deck. The knee was split through, from top to bottom, and thrown out of position. The shell was slightly thrown out of its course by the resist, anco it met with in the knee as it entered the ship, and, deflecting forward, burst in the open on the lower deck. In this case the fuse appeared to have been scarcely sensitive enough, as had the shell exploded on re. ceiving its check by the knee the result would have been made more disastrous and satisfactory. The third shell was found to have passed through a broken portion of the ship's side, meeting with only just sufficient resistance to capsize it, but not to start the fuse, and thus give it that peculiar screaming sound spoken of as accompanying its after flight. The committee having concluded their inspection now returned to their station on the Erebus's decks, and the remaining five shells were fired thus : No. 4 burst in the ship ; No. 5 passed through the ship, and burst on striking the water at some dis. tance beyond; No. G burst in the ship, low; No. 7 burst in the ship, apparently very high ; No. 8 burst in the ship. A second investigation of the target ship was now made, and the effects of the last five shells were found to be as follows:—No. 4 had entered the maindeck forward in a line with the ports, crashed through the knee of the portbitt, through the main deck planking, and lodging in the beam below, about midships, had there burst and blown the beam to pieces for about 3 feet, and bent the jagged ends downwards. Everything near suffered, and the general effees proved the awful havoc which must necessarily be occasioned by the bursting of a shell after having a complete lodgment io any solid wooden structure. No. 3 was found to have passed through a former shell fracture, and it therefore caused no damage to the ship. No. 6 had entered the lower deck, and burst about 10 feet in and clear of the side. Part of a beam was cut away, and there was other damage to beams and stanchions, be. ; but, as the shell burst in an open space, the efforts were necessarily much less than with No, 4. No, 7 entered the ship under the upper deck -water ways, and entering the end of a beam there, burst, and blew the beam for about 10ft inboard from the ship's side into matchwood in the air above, and a portion of the upper deck plinking with it. No. 8 entered the ship just above the main deck plank. ing, past through the fore hatchway port eoamings, and burst just the moment before striking the op posite coamings and a beam-end. The results of this experimental firing with the eight 21-inch shells gave an amcunt of damage far in excess of that effected by any other like number of shells during the present course at the Alfred, and this calculation includes the after firing which took place yesterday from the three guns with their ordinary shell, and which took place in the following order Wedge breechloader—shell, 411 b bursting charge —gun's powder charge, 91b, en ricochet.—No. 1 grazed 60 yards from, and burst on ship—No. 2 hit direct, and burst in ship—No. 3 hit direct, and burst in ship—No. 4 struck at waterline, and burst —No. 5 grazed 20 yards from, and burst in ship— No. 6 grazed 10 yards from, and burst in ship— No. 7 grazed 6 yarns from, and burst in ship—No. 8 grazed 25 yards from, and burst in ship—No. 9 grazed 90 yards from, and went over ship, and did not burst—No. 10 grazed 30 yards, and burst in ship. _ _ Shunt gun, muzzleloader—shell, 4lib bursting charge—gun's powder charge, 101 b, on ricochet, continued from three rounds fired on Monday.— No. 4 burst prematurely 20 yards from the muzzle of the gun—No. 5 grazed 70 yards from, and burst in ship—No. 6 grazed GO yards from, and burst in ship—No. 7 grazed 20 yards from, and burst in ship—No. 8 grazed 45 yards from, and burst in ship —No. 9 grazed 60 yards from, and burst in ship— No. 10 burst prematurely between the muzzle of the gun and ship. Whitworth gun; shell, 211 b bursting charge; gun's powder charge, 10Ih, en ricochet —No. 1 struck near the ship's water line, and burst inside— No. 2 grazed 5 yards from the ship, and burst on graze—No. 3 grazed 30 yards from ship, and burst on graze—No. 4 hit direct, and burst very low in ship's hold—No. 5 bit direct, and burst inside, low down—No. 6 grazed 5 yards from ship, and burst well inside—No. 7 grazed 90 yards from ship, and burst on graze. Shunt gun, en ricoched.—No. 1 hit direct, and burst inside—No. 2 grazed 40 yards from ship, and burst inside—No. 3 grazed 20 yards from ship, and burst inside—No. 4 grazed 20 yards from ship, and burst inside--No. 5 grazed 20 yards from ship, and burst inside—No. 6 grazed 20 yards from ship, an d burst inside. Wedge gun, en ricochet.—No. 1 grazed 00 yards from, and burst in ship; No. 2 grazed 5 yards from, and burst in ship—No. 3 grazed 40 yards from, and burst in ship—No. 4 grazed 50 yards from, and burst in ship—No. 5 grazed 60 yards from, and burst in ship. _ _ The ship ;vas, by the time the last shell was fired, nearly a ruin above water, and at the same time barely afloat. On her port side, or that she pre sented to the gunboat, there were several holes near the water line made by the shells from the shunt and wedge g uns , while on the opposite side one of the Wte.tworth small shells had burst against the inner planking on the bow, and, like the shell from the shunt gun on the previous day, had opened a hole, the lower edge of which was just awash with the water line, so that one of the launch's crew might easily have crawled through from the boat into the ship's bold. Under these circumstances, it became impossible to heal the ship over either way, and she thus presented a striking illustration of a ship with a hole punched in each of her Bides n ear hir water line of too ever a nature to ad m i t of temporary repairs, and t , , , 1;09e captain must feel under each cirenmetereeq that whatever his next rnarirtvre might b 2 his ship mist inevitably sink from under him and his crew, an d the only chance of safety lay in hauling down his ship's colours and abandoning his luckless ship to her fate. The special committee fo un d themse l v es i n a somewhat similar position yesterday at the close of the firing we have recorded, and the hauling down of their ensign on board the Erebus signalled " cease firing," and it will most probably not be resumed until the Alfred has been placed in dock and her damages at and near waterline tempora• rily repaired. This will, it is expected, n acoom• plished by Friday next. Naval and Military Intelligence, It was yesterday announced at Chatham that the Government has given instructions to Major Pals lister, the inventor of the mode of strengthening cast iron guns by the insertion of a wrought-iron tube, to construct a 300-pounder gun on the plan pro posed by him, in order that it may be tested in the usual manner at Shoeburyness, before any other guns on the same principle are manufactured. The advantages resulting from the discovery of Major Palliser, of utilising the whole of the cast-iron smooth-bore guns by supplying them with an inner wroughtsiron chamber, either rifled or of smooth bore, is deemed of such wide importance that a care ful surtey of the entire stock of smooth-bore ord nance, which has hitherto been deemed compara tively useless, has been made at Chatham, prepara tory, it is understood, to the most serviceable of the guns now in store being treated according to the proposed method. The invention depends upon the now well understood fact that the inner portion of a gun really does nearly all the work of resisting the strain of the discharge. It follows that if the brittle cast iron be removed from actual con• tact with the exploding powder, and a wrought iron tube be substituted in its place, the gun so compounded may be expected to prove as strong as if it were altogether made of wrought iron, pros vided always that the work transmitted by the tube to the cast iron around it does not exceed the strength of the material of which the tube itself is composed. The truth of this theory has been de monstrated in a series of recent experiments made by Major Palliser in the presence of the Ordnance Select Committee. On the occasion of the first ex periment two old guns—one a 10-inch and the other a 68• pounder—both treated on Major Palliser's plan, were prepared and tested to destruction by firing 100 rounds with service charges of powder and cast iron cylinders, the weight of the whole charge being increased after every 10 rounds by the addition of the weight of one more shot. In this way the weight of the charge in the first 10 rounds was 161 b. of powder and a 031 b. shot, and in the 50th to the 60th rounds 161 b. of powder and 3101 b. of shot, In the last 10 rounds the chargeihad been increased to 161 b. of powder and ten 68. pounders, or 6801 b. of shot. The first of these guns was con verted into a 9-inch gun by the insertion of a wrought iron tube, with this advantage, that it could throw a round shot of 1001 b., instead of one of 68ib., if required. The gun described went through the ordeal most satisfactorily, and is the only cast iron gun, whether strengthened or not, which has endured so formidable a test, the con• elusions drawn from the experiments being that both 68-pounders and 10-inch cast iron guns can be con verted into 100. pounders—a species of weapon which experience has demonstrated would be of the greatest benefit as broadside guns. At the termination of the first series of experiments the Ordnance Committee directed the charges to be doubled, when the gun finally gave way at the 7th round with a charge of 321 b. of powder and a shot of 2001 b. In this case, it may be observed, the gun had already stood much heavier strains, and only yielded at last to thegradual process of wear and tear from such long continued and excessive charges. The ether gun tested was an old worn out 10-inch cast iron gun, which had already been condemned as unserviceable, but which had been converted into a 61- inch by Major Palliser, and rendered capable of throwing an elon gated bolt of 1001 b. weight. This gun was tested in an exactly similar manner to the former, and ultimately burst at the 81st round, with a cylinder shot nearly Oft. in length, and weighing 6121 b As the usual service charge of a 32 pounder is B.b. of powder and a 321 b. shot, the charge, therefore, under which this gun succumbed was really equal to 161 b. of powder and rather more than 19 32. pounders of shot. Like its predecessor, this gun showed greater endurance than any previously strengthened or unstrengthened cast iron gun. The result was deemed so satisfactory that the Ordnance Select Committee requested Major Palliser to make a 7-inch gun rifled on the shunt principle. This gun was accordingly constructed, the tube being composed of different qualities of wrought iron coiled, weighing about 16 cwt. At the trial of this gun two rounds were fired with charges of 201 b. of powder cod 110Ib. shot, and 20 rounds with 161 b. of powder and 110ib. shot, the shot used being round.headed Armstrongs. This trial was attended with equally satisfactory- results, the tube on being taken out and examined being perfectly clean and uninjured. The results of these trials prove most clearly that the vast stock of cast iron guns now lying comparatively useless at Chatham and else where, in consequence of the great expansion of the modern principles of gunnery, may all be utilised by their conversion into rifled guns by Major Pal liser's process, while a great mechanical advantage is secured by the facility with which such guns can be manufactured, and especially in the ease with which the tubes can be bored and rifled. The Netherlands transport Rotterdam, Captain Adriaans, 116 days, with general cargo from Batavia, bound to Nieudiep, which put into Plymouth on Sunday, the 6tb, continues in the Sound. She em barked 104 invalid soldiers, who continue sick ; one of them died last Friday, and another on Monday. The Austrian gunboat Wail, Commander Mon froni, which arrived at Plymouth on Saturday last from the Texel, was appointed to leave yesterday for Brest. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE, GREAT WESTERN. The directors of this company have given notice of an intended application to Parliament in the en. suing Session for additional powers, to enable the company to make a railway from the Stonehouse and Nailsworth line to the Great Western Railway at Stroud ; also another line from Stonehouse to Stroud, in the county of Glocester—a line from Stonehouse tb Kingstanley—a railway from the Shrewsbuty and Hereford Railway at Hereford, near Barr's Court, to the Newport, Abergavenny, and Hereford line at Holmer—a line from a point 117! miles from London on the main line at Bristol to a junction with the Bristol and South Wales Railway at Barton Hil'—a junction lino from the company's main line at Acton, 4± miles from Lon don, to the North and South Western Junction Railway in the same parish —a railway from the Shrewsbury and Chester line at Ruabon to the Llwynennion brick and tile works in the parish of Wrexham—also a branch from the latter lino ter minating near the coke ovens at the Bryn-yr-Owen colliery—a railway from the South Wales line in the parish of Swansea-Higher to the Worcester pit of the Worcester colliery in the same parish. To alter the levels and works of certain lines of rails from that part of the main line which is in Ken sington at a point 11 miles from London to a point in the parish of Paddington near the broad gauge engine house, and to lay down additional lines of railway. To enable the company to purchase additional lands at Slotgb, Ealing, Kensing ton, Pontypool Road, Malvern Wells, and Welling. ton ; and also at Acton, Windsor, Oxford, Pang. bourne, and Bray. To authorize the extension of time for the sale of surplus lands, and for the con struction of railway - a at Kidderminster and at Hat ton, To abandon a portion of the railway near Oxford and of the Mangotefield tramroad, and to Gall, lease, or otherwise dispose of the same. To authorise the Great Western and the Midland com panies to enter into agreements with reference to the construction and use of a joint station or sta tions at Worcester and Glocester respectively, To authorize the Great Western on the one hand, nod the Soath-Eastern end London an South-Western Railway Companies, or either of them, on the othcr hand, to enter into nontracts and agreements with reference to the ecnatiuction, adaptation, and use of a joint station at R ea di ng ; for the appointment of a joint committee, and for the settlement of dis putes. It is further intended to ask for power to convert the Cheater and Birmingham guaranteed shares or stock, and of the contingent rights attach ' ing thereto, into shares or stocks of such an amount, and carrying suet+ fixed or preferable rates of divi- rim SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 16, Mt' dend, &c., as may be agreed upon. To authorise the alteration, amendment, and extension of agree ments with the Wenlock and Much Wenlock and Severn Junction Railway companies. To empower the Great Western Company to concur with the London and North-Western Railway Company in the purchase of the Shrewsbury and Welshpool Railway, and to become joint owners thereof. To authorize a lease or transfer of the Bridport, the Great Western and Brentford, and the Wycombe to the Great Western Company. To enable the latter company to run over with their own engines and carriages, officers, and servants, on all or some parts of the Metropolitan Riilways on such terms as may be agreed upon between the companies, and to authorise the company to raise additional capital for the 'general purposes of the undertaking. GREAT WESTERN AND YALE OF NEATH. After several interviews between the directors of the two companies it appea►s that a preliminary ar rangement for amalgamation was arrived at on Fri. day for the Great Western to pay 51 per cent. on the ordinary capital of the Vale of Neath Company, and that the latter will also participate in the prcfits over and above the payment of that dividend. The freighters on the Vale of Neath and the commercial public of the district are rather opposed to the amal gamation, but as it is understood that Mr Williams will continue to be the general manager not onl; of the Vale of Neath proper, but of the whole Great Western route from Swansea to Birkenhead, it is believed that the freighters will be satisfied, that the traffic will be conducted as heretofore, and that the facilities at present afforded will not in any way be interfered with. yet knew the commercial value of the sewage. lie believed that the ratepayers of the metropolis would not derive any benefit from the selected scheme for very many years, if they ever did. Mr. SAVAGE seconded the amendment. Mr. TITE, M.P., thought there had been sufficient delay on the part of the board. They had been blamed by a committee of the House of Commons for inaction, and now it seemed as if they were to be blamed for setting to work in earnest. It was clear that the sands could be turned into fertile soil by the application of sewage. It was said that there were other schemes to be considered. So much the better. They would all be considered by the Par• liamentary committees, and no doubt the best would be selected. He should vote for the recep• tion and adoption of the report. Mr. LEGG briefly spoke in favour of the amend• ment. Mr. NEWTON, at some length, supported the original motion, and closely criticised the schemes which had been laid before the board. He thought that the board had full information before upon which they could act with safety. Mr, SAUNDERS said that it was premature on the part of the board to select any particular scheme. If the recommendation of the committee was adopted, the board would become a sponsor to the scheme of Messrs Hope and Napier. He should op pose the original motion and support the amend ment. Mr CARPMAEL said that he was of the same opinion as he held in 1862, which was that the scheme selected by the committee was the most fea. Bible. Mr Ellis had not submitted any engineering plan with his scheme. Several other members took part in the discussion, but the main arguments on both sides had been pre viOusly dealt with. Ultimately tho amendment of Mr Collinson was negatived.. Another nmendment was movel by Mr IL L Taylor, to the effect that it was not desirable to lease the sewage for so long a period as 50 years. This amendment was seconded, and having been put, was negatived. Mr LEGG moved another amendment to the effect that furthar tenders should be advertised for. This amendment was also seconded, and when put from the chair, negatived. The original motion was then put and carried by a majority of 26 to 9. The board adjourned at five o'clock. The report of the Main Drainage Committee of the Metropolitan Board of Works on the applica tion of sewage at Rugby, Croydon, Carlisle, and Edinburgh, has just been published. The committee consider the evidence they have collected will prove of assistance in arriving at a sound conclusion in reference to the sewage of London. At Croydon they saw that the operation was successful, though on a limited scale, and were informed the results were remunerative. At Carlisle, where the pro cess was only employed to prevent decomposition of the sewage, they learned some curious state ments of its collateral advantages. At Edinburgh they witnessed the beneficial result of many years' experience of the profitable application of sewage to sea sand, " Your committee," says the report, " were not able to ascertain during their visit to these several places, the chemical composi tion of the sewage of any of them, or the precise quantity of sewage applied annually, or during a given time ; still less did trustworthy experiments appear to have been made as to the quantity which could most advantageously be employed. The same uncertainty prevailed as to the amount of grass cut, or hay made, or cattle fed upon either the sewaged land or that adjoining, obviously a most necessary element of comparison. They have, consequently, given in each case a statement of money payments, very satisfactory es far as they go, but by no means sufficiently accurate fur scientific purposes, money valee depending on many other considerations besides power of production, such as nearness to markets, proportion of supply of a given quality of land to demand, fitness or unfitness for the particular purpose by reason of comparative levels, and so forth, Some uncertainty appears to prevail as to the kind of grass best adapted to sewaged land, or whether any other crop may be groan upon it with profit. Your committee would of course except from this statement the fifteen acres of land which have been the subject of the experi mtnls of the Royal Commission at Rugby; there every one of thee.; particulars has been most care fully recorded by .kill<d observers, and many of them have been already published by the commis sion in their second report." tion and less regular spoliation he must recover by entering into the traffic of the war, and by acquiring such an interest as to have his share in its spoils, its contracts, its speculations, its offices. The foreign trade of the States, and even their coasting trade, which they have laboured to keep wholly to them selves, have now passed almost entirely to the flag of the foreigner, and even the immense duties now extorted under the war tariff are unable to keep out foreign manufactures, so great is the disturbance of industry and trade. Hence, while other industries decay and other openings are closed, war and politics become all in all, and me❑ must be soldiers and politicians or nothing. But all cannot be on the winning side, so all cannot prosper ; and in every city in the North there is now a conflict raging between parties that can only exist, as they count existence, by the downfall of the other. The contest is everywhere the same, and in the fierce struggle between the Republicans and the Democrats we see only another form of the very same quarrel that has divided the North from the South. They who are for local institutions, local self-government, and the quieter and humbler blessings to be attained by treading very close in the steps of our forefathers are generally ranged on the so-called Democratic side, and d 3 not disguise their sympathy with the South. They who feed their fancy with the splendid vision of a mighty federation, and who accordingly wage war egainst every obstacle to this glorious consummation, are generally on the Republican side, and look to Mr Lincoln as their man. Already even in these four short years, under the rude hand of war, they have seen the finer strokes and purer hues of their vision give way to a coarser touch and more gaudy colours. Self-government, personal freedom, mutual love and respect, and all that we suppose in our pictures of national liberty have been daubed over to make a rough ground for the vulgar pageant of a vast military despotism. Every scholar has wondered at the fatal rapidity with which the Roman Republic ripened, or rotted, into an empire, But that is, in sober fact, the process we now see across the Atlantic. But who shall hold the rod of empire, and who shall feel its weight P No wonder men fight as they do when such is the stake, and when the ques tion is not only the man or the city, but the style and tone of the coming dominion. Who can doubt that these are the questions at issue when we see every consideration making way to the man or the faction ? An immense army is to be hurled against impregnable works, a large and costly armament is to win or sink before a port defended with con summate skill, a General is to force a valley, to do some prodigy hundreds of miles from his supports —in fact, to gamble with twenty thousand lives, in order to furnish a topic for a platform speech and a heading for a friendly newspaper. A war almost unparalleled is waged, not for the steady purpose of final success, but for the quicker triumph of a political sensation. Such is the way in which fac tions and chiefs fight, not for freedom or any really public purpose, but for power; and power it is that these men fight for. POST.—With whatever justice blame may be attributed to England for occasioning the large majority of quarrels which so frequently arise be.. twecn the colonists and the natives of those coun tries in which they take up their abode, a similar explanation can certainly not be given of the dis turbances which have so often, daring the past few years, affected our relations with the Japanese. Whether it be true or not that we are arbitrary, selfish, and overbeariag 'in our etttitude towards those semi-civilised, if not barbarous, rases with which the commercial enterprise of our merchants, and the adventurous spirit of a rising generation, destitute of employment at home, brings us in cone tact, it cannot fairly be said that those stern mea sures which we have found it necessary more than once to employ to secure protection for our trade with Japan have been dictated ottserw'se than by the necessity of preserving rights which we enjoy, as well by virtue of the law of nations as of formal conventions. Dismissing from considera tion the particular causes of the differences which have arisen between us and the Japanese, the cira cumstance that we have received not only the countenance but the active support of the other Powers maintaining relations with Japan it itself proves that the cause of quarrel has been common to all. Nor, indeed, is it pretended, either by the central Government at Jeddo, or by those independent princes who, by their own acts of ag gression, provoked those hostilities which have led to their unconditional submission, that the English have made themselves specially obnoxious. When Mr. Richardson was murdered on the high road by the retainers of the Prince of Satsuma there is no reason to doubt that, had the unfortunate gentle man been French, or Dutch, or American, instead of English, he would have equally shared the same fate. He was a foreigner, and that was a crime which, in the eyes of a Japanese noble, well merited death. Iu those acts of aggression which led to the recent operations of the alllied fleets of England, France, and Holland in the Straits of Simonosaki, the Japanese evinced the most perfect impartiality in the outrages committed on the ships of foreign nations. The Prince of Nagato, who is what in past times would have been called the feudal lord of the territory commanding the straits and of the town of Simonosaki, made a point of firing upon every ship which attempted to pass through the straits. A similar lesson to that which a year since ;we found it necessary to teach the Prince of Satsuma, we, in concert with our allies, have now given to his brother Daimio ; and, in the one case as in the other, the results have been all that could be de sired. The Prince of Nagato has surrendered at discretion, and a convention has been agreed upon which, if observed, will ensure henceforth the free navigation of the straits, and which, if violated, will simply lead to a repetition of the punishment which has just been inflicted. Although no justification can be offered for the cone duct of those Daimios who have sought to discourage the maintenance of commercial relations between Japan and the rest of the world, the motives which actuate them are easily explained. To us it may seem preposterous that a nation should assume the right of isolating itself from all others ; and admit ting the legal right to exist, the policy of ku ch a course would naturally strike us as suicidal. But that different ideas should operate on the Japanese mind cannot surprise any who are acquainted with the history of their coun try. At the time when Ignatius Loyola was engaged in founding the Order of Jesus, the Portuguese effected, without any opposition, a settlement in Japan, and the first missiocaries who taught Christianity to the Japanese were the imme diate disciples of the ci,devara page of Ferdinand V. Their labours were not uusuccessful, but that meddlesomeness in politics which has procured their exclusion even from Roman Catholic States led to the persecution of th e i r conver t s , an d t o the extinction in Japan of the creed which they had sought to establish. Before the middle of the 17th century the Portuguese had been expelled from Japan, and warned by the calamities which had supervened on the admission of foreigners, the Jae panese resolved that they would thenceforth close their ports to all the world. For more than two centuries was this policy pursued, and it has not been until within the last ten years that the Japes nese Government have consented to establish a trade with other countries. But owing to the pecu liar nature of the Government in Japan, and more especially to the extravagant powers exercised by an aristocratic body only nominally amenable to the jurisdiction of the supreme Executive in the State, the treaties concluded with foreign Powers not only did not command the approval of all, but provoked the opposition of some who possessed the means as well as the desire of giving practical effect to the antipathy they entertained towards foreigners. Clinging to the traditions handed down to them for nearly three centuries, the Princes of Satsuma and of Nangato, and many others of their class, de termined to employ that power which, in defiance of the Tycoon, they knew they could exercise with impunity, to prevent the establishment of that in tercourse with the external world which they be. lieved to be fraught with danger to their country. Hence arose those circumstances which occasioned the burning of Kagosima, and the capture of the town of Simonosaki and the forts commanding the straits of the same name. The central Government was too weak to impose submission to its decrees upon a discontented section of its subjects, and those foreign Powers which were interested in the observance of the treaties which were violated were obliged to take upon themselves the task of enforcing the authority of the Tycoon. With Japan, considered in its entiri ty as a State, we have been always at peace, and those hostilities which have now terminated so successfully have been in every respect anomalous. Elsewhere than in Japan a similar state of circumstances could not have arisen, because nowhere else is a conflict of authority to be found so serious as that which has arisen in consequence of the rival pretensions of the Daimios and Tycoon. Regarded from that point of view indicated by association with organised Go vernments, the Princes of Satsuma and Nagato would simply be considered es rebels, for whose acts the Government of their State would he held responsible. It would, however, have been as unjust to make the Japanese Government responsible for the outrage committed by the Prince of Nagato in firing upon ships navigating the Straits of Simonsaki as it would be to claim reparation from the Government of the United States for an insult to our flag offered by a Confederate cruiser, because by a diplomatic fiction the authority of tbo Northern President is still re cognised through what once constituted the Ameri can Uuion. We have been obliged to take the law into our own hands, because those who ought to enforce it were too weak to do so. The Daimios may still affect to despise the Government to which LONDON AND SOUTH-WESTERN. This company has given notice of intended appli• cation to Parliament in the next session for addi tional powers to enable them to construct a railway from - the authorised Kensington and Richmond line (1864) to the Windsor, Staines, and South. Western Railway (1847) near the Kew Station. To purchase lands in Surrey and Dorsetshire, and at Exeter for station and other purposes. To empower the Exeter and Exmouth, the Salisbury and Yeovil, and the ThameaValley Railway Companies, or either of them to sell and transfer their undertakings to the South Western Company on such terms as may be agreed upon,and to provide for the dissolution of those com panies, and of the Tooting, Merton, and Wimbledon Extension Railway Company. To enable the South• Western and London and Brighton Railway Com• pany to construct the railways and works authorised b: the Tooting Act, and to vest in the two com. panies all the necessary powers, and to appoint a joint committee. To enable the two companies to make the Wimbledon junction line, and to raise money for the purpose, and to run over and use the railways authorised by the Tooting Act. To math°. rise the South Western Railway Company to run over and use the Mitcham and Tooting lines of the London and Brighton Company. To make working agreements and to confirm and make binding upon the Lundon,Chatham, and Dover Railway Company certain heads of arrangement, and to authorise the South Western Railway Company to construct and acquire part of the London, Chatham, and Dover (new lines). To provide for a superanLuition fund for the benefit of the salaried officers and other ser vants of the company, and to provide for a guaran tee fund by way of secarity for the good behaviour of those officers and servants; and to authorise the company to raise a further sum of money. In another notice the company intend to apply for power to make a new line of railway from Bideford to Tor rington, and to raise additional capital for the purpose, NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE, The directors of this company have yielded to the pressing solicitations of the local authorities in the Potteries, and have given notice of their intention to apply to Parliament in the ensuing session for power to construct a loop line connecting together the principal towns of the district—Stoke, Hanley, Bursiem, and Tunstall. The new lino will leave the Hanley branch, and passing Cobridge, B urslem, and Tunstall, will join the main line a little to the north of Harecastle station. It appears that this decision of the board has given great satisfaction in the district. BOMBAY, BARODA, AND CENTRAL INDIA, It appears the applications from the shareholders of this company for the new issue of £400,000 5 per cont. debentures have far Exceeded that amount, and consequently the ice Co . -s have had no occasion to offer any of them to the public. Metropolitan Board of Works. A special meeting of this board was convened for yesterday. The President (J. Thwaites, Esq.) took the chair at twelve o'clock. THE SEWAGE OF THE METROPOLIS. The board met for the purpose of further consi dering the several tenders sent in for taking the sewage of the metropolis . , and to receive a report from the Main Drainage Committee on inspection of the works for the utilisation of sewage at Rugby, Croydon, Carlisle, and Edinburgh. The report has been printed for circulation. A report was also brought up from the Main Drainage Committee, stating that in the opinion of the committee the tender of Messrs. Hope and Napier, for dealing with the sewage on the north side of the Thames, so far as their general scheme was concerned, off red the greatest advantages, and recommending the board to refer the subject back to the Alain Drainage Committee to negoeiate the pre cise terms upon which the concession might be granted to those parties. Mr SAVAGE said that in his opinion this was by far too important a subject to be decided hastily. The committee had only arrived at their determinae tion yesterday in private, and he thought that their report ought to be printed and circulated among the members of the board, some of whom wore not acquainted with the reasons of the committee. The various vestries should also be given an opportunity of considering the subject. After some further ob servations he made a motion to that effect, and that the subject should be discussed that day fortnight. The motion was seconded, but was negatived by a large majority. Mr FREEMAN then brought up the report, and in doing so commented at considerable length upon the importance of immediate action in the matter. He said that the committee had only three courses open to them, viz., Ist, to postpone the matter indefinitely ; 2d, to reject all the tenders which had been sent in ; and idly, to select for further consideration the most feasible scheme which had been laid before them. They had preferred the last alternative: The board had now obtained all the information which was necessary to enable them to come to an opinion upon the subject. They had waited for the opinion of a parliamentary committee upon the subject, and the report was now before them. The only two schemes were those of Mr Ellis and Messrs Hope and Napier, They had been carefully discussed, and the committee decidedly preferred the scheme of the latter parties, as being the most practicable. In fact it was looked upon that Mr Ellis's proposal to bring the sewage back from the outfalls, where the board intended to place it, to Hampstead, fir agricultural purposes, would lead to enormous expense, and that the ratepayers never would receive any benefit from the scheme. Now the scheme of Messrs Hope and Napier:proposed to deal with the sewage at the points where the board meant to place it, which they could do at a much less expense and in much lcee time. Mr Freeman, after discussing the matter in detail, moved that the report be received and the recommendation of the committee adopted. Mr Dom:roil, M.P., seconded the motion, Mr COLLINSOII, pursuant tc notice, move d, way of amendment, " that it be referred to the Main D►ainage Committee to consider the best means of utilising a portion of the sewage of the metropolis, for the purpose of ascertaining its com mercial value, and to report their recommendations to the board, in order that application may be made in the ensuing session of Parliament for the neces sary powers to carry them into effect." In making this motion, he (Mr Collinson) felt bound to say that he considered the scheme sanctioned by the committee as a visionary one—none of the parties SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—This much justice must be done to the Americans, that as they effect to surpass ua in most other objects of national pride, they are beating us and all the world in the spirit with which they conduct their civil war. No struggle in ancient or modern times has exhibited greater intensity or been carried on with greater cost of life and money, or with more utter recklessness as to final results. Strange that a people who for near a century have looked on war as a vice of the Old World, and utterly impossible within their own borders, should in four years attain such a precocity in the path of ruin and the arts of destruction. Certainly a man is never so near an error a s w h en h e c l a i ms a blessed immunity, and we now see in the haughty and independent tone long assumed by the Americans the proof of spirit incapable of accommodation, cer tain to provoke a fiery antagonism, and no less tern Lain to fight it out to the end. In four years the Northern States alone have run up a debt the inte rest of which is equal to our own ; they are adding to this debt at the rate of two million dollars a day ; their paper has suffered four times greater deprecia tion than ours did at the , worst times when we had all Europe against us ; tney have squandered blood even more freely than money, and compelled every individual among them to take his fuil share in the cost and risk of the war. B u t even th ese su mmary statements lose their effect by the side of the work dune or attempted. Every port of the Southern Confederacy has been blockaded and attacked by land and by water, every river h as b een penetrated over and over again, every valley within reach overrun year by year, and the enemy's capital again and again all but invested by numerous armies, If the defence has not surpassed the attack in the mag nitude of its operations, it has emhibited even more military genius, personal prowess, martial spirit, and versatility. Ordnance, shipping, and every device of regular or irregular war, by land or by sea, have gone ahead of European invention, and we read every day some new wonder such as the poet ima gines the rebel angels devising in their first trans ports of disappointed ambition. But even debt, blood, bombardments, torperty as the world has edoes, d eva station, and such a'destruction of prop not seen since the b rea k- up o f th e Roman Empire, fall short of the bitt erer pr i va t e results corning home to every class, to e very c iti ze n in the Union, These are brought out b y t h e P re sidential contest, of which it is not too muc h t o s ay that it divides the Northern States a s muc h a s the open war divides them from the Soutly; and that if we look to the strength of opinion, or to the interests at stake, there is as much cause and material for a fresh war in the North as there was between the North and the South. Of course those who are carrying on the war—that is, the Republican party—consider it of supreme importance that they should hold the reins of power, and continue the conduct of the war, not only for the next four years, but as much longer as may be necessary. It is vain to contend with the enemy in the field if they are to be ousted and displaced and their whole plicy reversed by a stronger foe in th© camp. They have, therefore, left nothing undone that could be done with any face whstever to insure the return of their present chief. To what extent this has been done appears from the complaints of the Nov' York " Democrats." W h erevEr the war actually rages, as it does in Kentucky, the army itself becomes the means of a canvass which is at once irresistible, and, through the ballot, without scrutiny or appeal. I tie Govern ment has taken good care that the electoral privis loges of the soldiers in the camp shall not be abused to the weakening of the powers that be. Martiel law has bean deckled wherever there is a force Elt in Eli cient to control the elections, and even the Statf - , of New York a cordon lies been drawn along the! northern frontier to admit or exclude 01l corners at the time of election, as the military authorities may decide. It is not easy to believe that one side will go such lengths without a degree of provocation from the other; but even if it be so, it only proves that this terrible question of 6 , e xistence," which has riven the Union in twain, has really divided eve - y State, every city, every street, every house in the Union. The war has ruined everybody, unless he can reimburse himself by the war; and for this end he must be on the side, not only of the victor, but of the ruler, What he 'ones by enormous taxa- they profess allegiance, but they ought by this time to be satisfied that they cannot insult the great Powers of Europe with inipunity. City Sewers Commission, A meeting of the Commissioners of Sewers of the city of London was held at the Guildhall yesterday, under the pre sidency of Mr Deputy and Under-Sheriff De Jersey. Among the other Commissioners present were Deputy Read, Deputy Farrar, Deputy Lott, Deputy White, Deputy Bone, Deputy Bower, Deputy Cork ; Messrs. George Walter, Chaplain, Botterill, T. Symonds, F. Cox, Sully, Nind, Straker, Dads well, Teulon, Banning, &c, A report was brought up from the General Purposes Com mittee, which, among other things recommended an amend ment of the orders of the Court relating to the erection of boards and scaffolds in the city, so as to give increased public accommodation. The suggested amendment was at once agreed to. The principal clerk, Mr JOSEPH DREW, read a letter he had received from Mr Pollard, the clerk of the Metropolitan Board of Works, intimating that that board had agreed, at their last meeting, to contribute the sum of £333 tis Bd, being one-third of the cost of a public improvement, which the Commissioners had decided to carry out on the east side of St. Mary .at-Hill, by setting back one of the houses in that thoroughfare. Several communications have recently passed between the officers of the Commission and the authorities of the parish of St. Dionis Backchurch, Lime-street, in reference to the carrying out of an order made some time since, upon the report of the district surveyor, for the shoring up of one of the vaults of the parish church, which it was said was in a dangerous state. Several of the inhabitants of the parish, however, contended that the walls referred to was not so dan gerous as to require immediate steps being taken; and it was suggested that as it was in contemplation that a union of the parish of St. Dionis should be effected with certain adjoining parishes, and that the church of the former should be pulled down, the Commissioners of Sewers should be requested to delay the carrying out of their order. Accordingly a latter containing a statement of all the circumstances of the case was forwarded by order of the vestry to the commissioners; but notwithstanding they felt as a public body they could not interfere, and the matter was placed in the hands of their solicitor, Mr W. J. Baylis, to proceed against the parish authorities. Another vestry meeting of the inhabi tants of the parish has since been held, at which a resolu tion was come to to allow the law to take its course, and a committee was appointed to assist the parish officers in do. fending the parish, and empowering them to call in prc fessional advice if they should see fit to do so. The rector of the parish, the Rev W. H. Lyall, M.A., has all along expressed his opinion that the order of the commissioners ought to bo obeyed, and he forwarded a letter to them, which was read yesterday, expressing his views upon the subject. It is expected that the summons against the pa rochial officers will be heard in the course of the present week. Foreign Mail Packet lAA ,g00.......A ........................"1......"...- ,N , LONDON GAZETTE --Last Everiwb _.___--.--- DOWNING- STREET, Nov. 1 5 % o or Gl en°l ‘ , The Queen has been ple.ued to appoint - 0 .1._ Go, Sir Henry Knight Storks, nor and Commander in Chief of the Island of DI A Dependencies. bat J. ir Her Majesty has also been plea,.qed to aPP° on e 00 G. C. 8., G ..G.,°070° 04 0 William Rawson, Esq., C.B , to be Governor wander in Chief of the Bahama islands, tell WHITEHALL, Nov'. lal. tent The Queen has been pleased to direcut lueittte..:,l"7llagdok" passed under the Great Seal of the Great Britain and Ireland, granting unto Roof ~o t le fr Molyneux-Seel, Gentleman, the office of B lue spry Se suivant of Arms, vacant by the promotions f 1 8 ray Lane, Esq., to the office of Chester Ila i ' /5, _ al l WAR-OFFICE, PALL-MALL, NO Y ' i. Bobo lst Regime-at of Dragoon Guards—Cornet Fran Massingberd to be Lieutenant, by purchase', :ice Joel Buchan Hepburn, who. retires—Arthur 01 .. . 4 11 Armstrong Coats, ' Gent , to be Cornet, by Pre'''. ni 0 Massiv gberd. * tai fr° ,s• Bth Hussars—Captain Hubert Plunkett Btlreo vi be - 91st not, to be Captain,vice GoldsworthY, *e.o changes. T , SCP be 10th Hussars—Cornet Hon. Henry George -- °l l b oto be Instructor of Musketry, vice Lieutenaut'"°e- 11° . Russell, appointed Adjutant. 410 no 15 th t o h ars H ort u e s i: s iig a u r ns s ek — det C trhy o e r , net Robert Marcus Brisci.oteoto 6 1 04 IP' a v p ic p e ein C t a m p Tie t, ffillS a 20th Hussars—Captain and Breve Major r f•u ° l 3 ,ol l ! - 0 philus Boileau to be Major, vice Charles CatoP„..llQ' who retires on a pension e i qu. valwat to the 1110, tlptii: t t ; a ri i t n . James A...._n Captain—Lieut. John Cutts Lockwood to ~,,o b efil vice Brevet Major Boileau—Cornet-11°00 ''''' ' 0 be Lieutenant, vice Lockwood. ka 11 01 :fer 2d Regiment of Foot—Lieut. Charles Faieban-- °rg:ti. t° be Instructor of Musketry, vice Lieut. 0° t,, 11 . deceased—Lavallin Robert iltid Thomas, -4.-1004 Ensign, by purchase, vice Henry Melv in gab' hg 1J 1 d. 6 .8. 11 moted. 224 Foot—Ensign John St. George Wolseley o.sibta7- tenant, without purchase, vice Penn in g ton te deceased. n Old , 36th Foot—James Bromfield, Gent., to be Ens'S'a tr'7l, chase, vice Charles Frederick Weston 'folderol; jtir; ferred to the 67th Foot—Ensign George gattl',;oB/V mond, from the Military Train, to be Ensign , " ffiti Bromfield, transferred to the 43d Foot. I, 36th ti 4 43d Foot—Ensign James Bromfield, from th e 00 0 bl to be Ensign, vice Thomas Homer Pearson•ige, too 46th Foot—Lieutenant George T. Delme llt„ r d° ,," c e P r for Captain, by purchase, vice Alfred Henry ‘,7 be , 9 * - 1,0 retires—Ensign Alexander Clark-Fannedl t"', ol , CAr f ot tenant, by purchase, vice Radcliffe-- 193 -Xne - igl , Christie Pearson, from the 67th Foot, to be '''''" ' Clark-Kennedy. • a 0 1 :;0 55th Foot—Lieutenant Osborne Samuel Delro to be Captain, by purchase, vice Edward Isl,de lo strong, who retires—Ensign Francis .lIoeY ' „Eno Lieutenant, by purchase, vice F o o t ,Delano-Osbor to Charles James Gordon Inglis, from the 62d Ensign, vice Wade. ~. 130 0 5 62d Foot—Arthur James Chichester, Gent. , to l'' t ile by purchase, vice C. J. G. Inglis, transferred 0 _ ,,,n t, Foot. Und eri P i 67th Foot—Ensign Charles Frederick Weston 0 from the 36th Foot, to be Ensign, vice Ch arleo Pearson transferred to the 46th Foot. , i to be si O 87th Foot—Lieutenant Archibald Neil CarnPll e `,.'t iler" structor of Musketry, vice Lieutenant Aloe' ~d o , Hugh Smith, promoted. ~ be 10 P- 411 1 88th Foot—Lieutenant Arthur Allen Owen '.,•° - pelf/ tor of Musketry, vice Lieutenant Frederick .v" a has resigned the appointment. thil ' 91st Foot—Captain Walter Tuclifield GoldsOr o$' 00 the Bth Hussars, to be Captain , vice B e , ur k 1 ,0 changes. c 0 109th Foot—Major Edwin Maude to be Lenten . vice Charles Stephen Whitehill, who retires ° xi Wee sion of his rank—Captain and Brevet alsjordes? Augustus Armstrong to be Major, vice D l lO l3 lO tenant Charles Hay Coghlan to be,Captaivt - be i , ,i,e 4 Major Armstrong—Ensign George Simpson to Vir A tenant, vice Coghlan—Gentleman Cadet Archi e Ow Gairdner, from the Royal Military College , t° be 4 t ok x vice Simpson. -ago/ !der CAVALRY DEPOT (Canterbury)—Cornet A— ,of Al Twynam, 3rd Dragoon Guards, to be InstruoVreF ketry, vice Cornet Richard D'Olier George, I S j t,f Guards, who has resigned the appointment. ~ A 0,0.0 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT.—The services 01 ."4,d 1 0 ,0 1 instant Surgeon George Dixon have been CliSPen,filler PURVEYOR'S DEPARTMENT.—Purveyora Cl e , r SO Woodthorpe to be Deputy Purveyor, vice And re- son, deceased. Superintendent Principal MlLlTAßY Superintendent e rsi STOßE ntot reens aein I DEPART b• - idS_ 14 1. '44 o of e S s tor C e ll e, al s lll3°:f ,l4! to tired. su D pe e r p i u n t t y en S d u e p n e t r o in f t s en to d r e e n s t , ovficSetmoraersteEudi._ward pang ..‘..to v . AO' reo Assistant Superintendent of Stores Robert s -- ,Ace Walker to be Deputy Superintendent of Stereo , - .l e s' A' gelley. 'P I ' re ,li anDdeerpitylmAesssitsotabnet Assistant Superintendentsuperionft Superintendent of $O . - 1001 complete establishment. 10 figi Blake Deputy Assistant Superintendent of Storeo,n, fe e, to be Assistant Superintendent of s`''' Walker. 1 09' 661 BREVET. Lieut.-Col. Charles Stephen Whitehil, lat e - 1 1 ' who has retired on a pension, tolhave tire hoetorAr, o Colonel. ~, 13 00 , to L h i a e v u e t i the Patrick k ra C rA s 'stO t Lieutenant Jeremiah Coleman, Deputy -- 03-1 f M i lt Deputy Assistant Commissary y o wrlaenyk„ of Deputycaptain. Commis S at, 1 of missary, Bombay, to have the honorary rank c i ,' 40 1,) (From the Registrar-General's Report.) Bombay, to be Lietotenant ra nk be-n -, the - - --- _ . only. Patrick; ;Thor mg COUNTRY MAlll;.z"''" A O LIVERPOOL—TUESDAY. 4 0 0 7 There was the usual attendance of town a' Ai retr 0 1 millers and dealers at market to-day, who, 11 „ - all i , bought for the supply of their immediate wan' t lfi l e B „,r! business done was quite of a retail character. : ayes v ol, firmly held, and American winter red brought t ' atl egilooP money, with a slow trade. Flour in moderate 11 :con A pi easier. Oats and oatmeal made late prices, but,7,08 ) :? sale. Indian corn more freely offered, and thou; ottu t , ing slack only a small business was done. 1 305 !: - 10 18 at full prices. Barley moderate in demand, ai l " unchanged. --- LEEDS—TUESDAY. t Chile The arrivals of English grain at our mark of fo t. were good. The demand for w heat to-day as Pr / but brisk, millers purchasing at abou t Prey n ot t i Fine barley easier to buy ; secondary sorts 81 03 4. r , able. Other articles about the same as last Well pet 4 Averages—Nov. 14—Wheat ........ 3 9,3 3 8 4 1 , --- —Oats ....2 30 , i d , —Beans ........405 if d .- ..--- —BPeas ey.. ............... 2 33 9 31 0 80 1 , 91 1 a ." / --—Rye --- tii A't' tOO O MELTON MOWBRAY—TILESD . i i i its , l'.. The following were the currencies : —Ne vi " r 3l 5,51 42s Od to 456 Od ; new red, 386 Od to 410 1 3 ;,, v et ~r , ,y beans, 37s to 43s for old; new sorts, 35s to 3 -7;0 10, 7 barl grindingly 3 to 34s for malting, and 28s to 304; 0 ' new oats, 21s to 24s Od per 24 SOP to 28e. S SHEFFIELD—TUESDAY.. d od e The market was moderately attended , all 169 dull at previous prices. 1 5 s Od t i lt?) Red wheat, per load of 3 imperial bushels..•' o'l°l White If , • .17 8 dto N ' JOs Co/ to ! p a ir New red . 16 0 tog r New white „ I, ... 6a i . 15 / 5 114 0 0 Beans ,) fl . • . 400 vfia 0,4 Peas, per qr ....... - s e to gl• .....26, , Grinding barley, per qr. .................. vs o4 o r Malting ditto, „ ................... 2100dt Oats 1) ................ , Flour, is 5d to is 10d per 141 b• • • I'l t / L MAILS DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton ..... ::;4 , 4 1 6 e d , via Marseilles ...... ~9 4 , 04 Brazil and Cape Yards, by British acket...',,' P - f• i ) Cape of Good Hope, Ascension an d St. ile le- to t" ;•„/'01 ' China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southa,TP; ,P - ' via Mar4eio °- ' a P. j i Falkland Islands •'' ~.• . a' f."4. l Gibraltar, via Southampton ... ea .... ..............• l -rfrn ° l 4.) India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via . goauatahamP- '‘l,-.4,11, -••• via Mareeill es... : l4 4 . b, India (Bombay), via Southampton ........ .., a . 0 ',0 , 1 via Marseilles ............ ' a • 'Y . f' II . 0 0 140 ,„ 0, Portugal.... Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton' do, via Marseilles .... ....P ,p Newfoundland .............................. .. • 'i4oP ~ Oporto and Vigo U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. POT"; , 0 1 '0 by U.S. Pac''' ° A;t: l4 peP by CanadiaoP3- . • j , k W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe.• .... :•'9O X West Indies and Pacific Bahamas (via New York) .... ' a'''. ro P Bermuda (ditto) .................... ~. Cuba and Mexico ................................. I* Births. , I , 14 4 .4 ; BROOKER,—On the 13th inst., at fl...,igniloX -1 I, Southsea, the wife of Commander E. 8 v ' ''' ri of a daughter. 0 , 0 Ifitocrs HELSHA.3I.—On the 13th inst., at St. Wi,,• , „ 1 0, - N . of Norfolk, the lady of Gustavus Ile 18. " - ify son and heir. il O r , ,4 10/ MARGARY..—On the 13th inst., at Brigl it ;tie te k er Major-General Margary, late R.E.. of 3 gab r TRAVERS.—On the 12th inst., at Bright° l3 ' o l Travers, of a son. i Marriages. ~ e ile g e e llte FENN—WARING.—On the Bth inst., at P ,. " oett ;0" berwell, Mr. Ingram Fenn of Milk•olf-thir' and of Peckham, Surrey, to , Mary 111373 ' O r 4: of the late John Waring, Esq., of Itti tbill , * Or pile JACKSON—FLETCHER.—On the 10th i -k l3s s " ' , %or , Staffordshire, Norfolk B. Jackson, —Je° to Marian , daughter of the late Ho ar o o '. 0 0 of Spring-hill, Walsall. elle D eaths. .str'ile , aori a t BAXIES —On the 14th inst., at 29, Fe 31e ",.., 00 d ie I:alph St. John, youngest child of Ilsroi _,0)" Mrs- Nugent Banhe, aged 10 months. lor /1 14 th inst., at Upper clo totb 0 0 DANE.—On the ' f hie 'Ol Dane, Esq., aged 70. o 0 DALE.—On the llth inst., at the reside/10d 7;1. /7 ,1 1 0 , Marchmont.street, MrEdward Dale , l e ad i.li Co DAwioNs.—On. the 13th inst., Col late onel of the O' of Over Norton, Oxfordshire, ige l ‘ l'V Guards, aged 76. she , f 4, FlercnAlit.—On the 14th inst., at v• ap ed i 4 sl Kensington, Frederic Finchani, B'q'' --a 0 1* r _ t pi c ,, ~o i r London: Print,ed and Prtlislied by Virlll'" c " tj s 0,-""cOv ot No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TOO ' tii o Strand, in the Precinct of the SaY O Y 6 : 1 0 111.1t141COM-_-WedlAeoday, liovenaDer 1 SANATORY CONDITION OF THE CITY. Dr LETHEBY, the medical officer of health, presented to the Court the following report on the sanatory condition of the City during the past fortnight : " To the Hon. the Commissioners of Sewers of the City of London. " Gentlemen, —The inspector's returns which are before you relate to 364 houses which have been inspected during the fortnight, and I submit a list of 36 places for sanatory improvement. The markets and slaughterhouses have been duly inspected, and the officers have condemned 5,4321 b of meat as unfit for human food, most of which was in a dis eased condition. " 113 births and 117 deaths have been registered during the fortnight. The average number of deaths for the corresponding period of the last nine years is 115. The mortality returns are therefore close to the average. 33 of the deaths were among children of less than five years of age, and 35 were among persons of 60 and upwards. The chief causes of death were as follow :—Phthisis, 14, pneu• monies 11, bronchitis 18, mesenteric disease 9, continued fever 5, scarlet fever 4, dysentery 2, croup 2, and measles, diphtheria, whooping cough, and infantile diarrhoea, of each one—making together 23 deaths of tubercular diseases; 29 from inflammatory affections of the lungs, and 18 from diseases of a zymotic character. Dr LETHEBY stated that the illuminating power of the gas supplied to the City for the week ending the sth inst. had been, except on one occasion with the Great Central Cifas. equal to the requirements of the act of Parliament; and the average proportion of sulphur in the gas of each of the companies had been from 19 to 20 grains. He added further that the illuminating power of the gas supplied dur ing the past week by the three companies, had been equal to the requirements of the act of Parliament, and the ave rage amount of sulphur had been 18.1 grains per 100 feet of the City gas, 20 3 grains of the Chartered, and 20'8 of the Great Central. The Court soon afterwards adjourned. HEALTH OF LONDON. The returns of London for the week that ended last Satur day exhibit a great increase in the mortality. The deaths, which had been in the two previous weeks 1,409 and 1,454, rose last week to 1,586. The deaths of young persons, viz., under 20 years of age, rose from less than 800 to 877; and those of persons 60 years old and upwards rose from less than 250 to 280. he average number of deaths for the 45th week of 10 previous years, 1854-63, is, with a correction for increase of population, 1,279. The actual number is therefore in excess of the estimated number by 307 deaths. Bronchitis and pneumonia have chiefly contributed to the sudden increase on the results of former weeks. The former dieease was fatal in 204 cases (the corrected average being only 122) ; the latter in 165 cases, against an average of 98. Phthisis was less fatal in the week than either of those die. eases, and did not exhibit a similar increase. The deaths from it were 140. Small-pox was returned in 14 cases, scarlatina in 81, diphtheria in 15, typhus in 98. Twelve deaths from scar latina occurred in Deptford, Greenwich, and Woolwich. The daughter of a watoh finisher, aged 11 years, died on the 6th inst. at 51, Bath-street, City-road, of htualorrhage from typhoid fever accelerated by exposure, want of the ne cessaries of life, and of proper medical attendance, Inquest. And a woman, a boot-binder, aged 48 years, died on the 31st ult, at 5, New-street, Aldgate, from pleurisy accele rated by want of nourishment. Inquest, A boy died from the bite of a dog. Last week the births of 1,003 boys and 991 girls, in all 1,994 children, were registered in London. In the 10 cor responding weeks of the years 1854-63 the average number (corrected) was 1,917. At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean height of the barometer in the week was 29.991 in. The readings rose to 30.49 in on Sunday, and fell to 29.63 in on Satur day. The mean temperature of the air in the week was 37'5 deg., which is 7.1 deg. below the average of the same week in 43 years (as determined by Mr Glaisher). The mean daily temperature was below the average throughout the week, and on four days the extent of this depression was about 8 or 9 deg. The highest day temperature was 49 deg. on Sunday. The lowest night temperature was 25 . 9 deg, on Thursday. The range of temperature in the week was therefore 23.1 deg. The mean daily range was 14 . 6 deg. The mercury fell below the freezing point of water on five nights. The difference between the mean dew-point tem perature and air temperature was 5 . 3 deg. The mean de gree of humidity of the air was 81, complete saturation being represented by 100. The wind blew chiefly from the north anal north-east, On Tuesday it was in the south-west. There was no rain except a:little on Saturday night. There was dense fog on three mornings. Disgraceful Conduct in a Railway Carriage in Ireland. On Saturday evening at the Knock Station on the County Down Railway, upon the arrival of the train which left Belfast for Downpatrick at 5 o'clock, the guard (Branagh) was called:to a first-class carriage by a lady who requested with two or three other ladies, to be shown to another com partment, as they were afraid to remain where they were, as the only gentleman in the compartment with them, they said, was conducting himself ;n such a manner that they were afraid to remain. The guard at once removed the ladies to another compartment, but could not ascertain from the ladies how the gentleman had annoyed them, On the arrival Of the train at the Combo station, a young man who was about to enter the compartment the ladies had left, went to Branagh and told him that the gentleman in that compartment had a revolver in his hand, and that he was afraid to enter. The guard, followed by Mr Campbell, the station master, entered the compartment, but had no sooner done so than the gen tleman put a revolver to Branagh's breast. Branagh, with great presence of mind, knocked the extended arm towards the ground, and after a struggle took the revolver from him. The gentleman was apparently unconscious of his acts, as he was under the influence of drink, and had the appear ance of having been drinking for two or three days. On examining the revolver it was found to be loaded with bul lets in four chambers. The gentleman demanded the re volver from the guard, who, upon refusing, received the greatest abuse for " daring to take a gentleman's property." After some fat thor delay the train proceeded on its way. On arriving at Downpatrick the guard called one of the con stabulary who was on the platform, and informed him of the circumstances, handing the pistol to him, and then conducted him to the compartment where the gentleman was asleep. Mr Keown, J.P., happened to bo on the plat• form, and the policeman communicated the intelligence to him. Having rJusod' the gentleman, Mr Keown told the guard he knew him, and asked what he intended doing. The guard replial that he was bcund to prosecute, and would do so, no matter who the party was. Mr Keown then had the gentleman conducted to ono of tho waiting rooms, where the revolver was examined, and it was said that the gentleman had a case of them with him. It appears he was examining the revolver while the ladies were in th e car riage, but whether be presented it to any of them i s no t as yet known, as the ladies do not wish to have their names brought forward in connection with the case. Th e guar d having persisted in prosecuting the sentleumn, Mr Keown took informations and committed him for trial at the quar ter sessions, bail being accepted. The guard was unable to come to Belfast with the last train, and had t o rema i n i n Downpatrick all night, informations, the &e., not being completed before the'tram started at seven pm,--Freeman's ,Tournal. EMI ot aft e RINA This t 114 41 It I, telir, Bold i the MI 11 te 8 ' Gt ,Cob Be r , a e n, ItIT 441 P ° Wer att e l7 de Tlo, lQw .e Aani "rY ch r l„v: ri o t At ve rp 7 o t,A 4 1, ek:ir por t f or khat thetei Th ng . 1 1415 214 el ' I Z a 4 t th 11 Re; e Iln• eat tree Th td_ th at u f erai . 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