The Sun. — London, England, 1826-04-29 00:00:00

4. 77 „,„, 7,417 ",!;C/ ~~ • ow . . . 1441 • -••• - 7"" .#1 • io 411 1, ;V .• • / • A• 4 • • • ',CT • 4111 P • OP . 6' ..411414 • , t•f , I >; 0 s ° )„? ) 1, 0 .e. 1•1 NUMBER 10,494. ELECtION of Mr. ALDERMAN 1110 M- P. SON. In pursuance of the following invitation, a PUB ),IC MEETING of the FRIENDS of Mr. ALDERM AN THOIIIPSON wilt take place at the London Tavern, Bishops-, *ate-street, on Wednesday next; 3d of May, at 12 o'clock, to adopt measures for securing his return as one of the Representa kives of the City of London in Parliament, at the approaching General Election. Sir RICHARD CARR GLYN, Bart. and Alderman, will take the Chair at 1 o'clock, punctually. Comnaittee-Room, London Tavern, JOHN HALL.. 28th April, 1826. Chairman of the Committee. We, the undersigned, do hereby invite the Friends of Mr. Alderman Thompson, to meet at the London Tavern, Bishops gate-street, on Wednesday next, at 12 o'clock precisely, to adopt Measures for promoting his return as one of the Repie- Sentatives of the City of London in Parliament, at the approach ing General Election. London, April 28, 1826. William Curtis John Perrring M. Attwood Itichao Carr Glyn George Scholey William Astell John Atkins Samuel Birth • Joshua Walker John Ansley Christopher Smith Francis Ommaney Robert Albion Cox Matthew P. Lucas H. Butterworth / Christopher Maguey John Plummer Geo. Lyall Charles Flower Angell) W. S. Dixon and Co. Hodgkinsun, T. Allen, T. Douglas, Anderson, Hill, T. • Adderley, s, p, a nd Co. Holroyd, J. Armstrong, C. Driver, G. Higgins, J. W. Aylwin, G. A. Dewar, R. Huxley, I. Arnold and Co. Dove, J. F. Hawkes, S. Alliston, J. Duewitch, J. Heath, J. B. Abbey, R. Dodd, C. Harding, J. Allan, D. Davey, P. Holmes, W. Ainger, W. ' Downey, R. Hill, W. Alexander, L. Downes, J. Hitchens, I. Ashlin, J. Dossiter, T. Adamson, J. Drew, J. I'Anson, I. Austin, W. Dixon,, J. James, John Abbott, E. Dobinson, J. Jenner, George Adams, F. Dodd, N. A. Jennings, R. Alexander, H. Dixon, Samuel Jones, W. Davies, B. Jacks, James Borradaile, W. Doyle, I. Jackson, G. L. Bond, E. I. Dawes, J. Johnstone, A. Borradaile, I. W. Dunlop, J. Jackson, H. and A. De la Chaumette,L. A Johnson, C. Blakesley, W. B. .Joyce, E. Brooke, R. Elliot, R. Jackson, W. &arum, C. Enderby, Charles Jolly , Birch, L. Elwidge, Thos. Tye, I. turmester, E. Ellis, W. Jones , J. Brow n , R . Ellicott, I. Johnston, J. Brown, 11, Eyles, R. W. 13leaden, C. Edkins, S. S. Barry, J. Edwards, J. Banning, T. Elliott, John Booth and Ingledew Eastman, Hugh Bell and Grant Bischoff, J. Blanshard, 11. Bridge, T. Burn e ll, J. Burra, It. Illenkarn, J. Barnes, J. Buckle, 3. W. Bolt, Son, and Co. Booth, Felix Brown, W. Burnie, W. Blades, J. Barber, J. Bennett,, J. C. Buxton, J. Brandram, T. Bishop and Co. Brown, J. ' • Bennett, J. Bailey, W. Brydon, W. Ganthony, R. Beatson, A. Gordon and Co. Banks, W. Glyn, G. C. Beatson, R. Groombridge, Ste- Bromley, Samuel phen Berridge, I. Gaitskell, Thomas Blakesley, C. Gibbs, M. Burrows, S. Greenwood, J. Batho, J. Granville, J. Beaurain, W. Gace, Grantham Beggar, R. Gibson, J. H. Bacon, H. - ' Gibbs, R. Barbet, J. Green, J. Baldwin, C. Gibbs, M. Butbidge, I. Gates, T. Burn, 11. Gillespy, T. jun. Brawn, 11. . Gorst, G. Benson, 'l'. Starling Green, J. I3oulcott, I. Gills, J. Bynon, C. W. Gunner, J. Blunt, John Glenny, J. %milord, R. W. Green, T. Bradly, J. Gude, R. Bye; T. Guest, J. Boote, J. Goodhait, E. Blount, R. Grainger, S. Baker, John Knox, D. Kettle, J. Kemp, R. Kay, J. Kershaw, J. Franconthe, Thos. Favenc, A. Fenning, E. Freese, J, H. Fenwick and Head Foxes and Co. Forster, J. Feldwick, T. Fisher, J. Frith, P. P. Fenning, Edward Francis, It. Frith, H. Fowler, J. W. Fowler, J. Floektou, T. Fair, J. Fynmore, Palmer, and Pidgeon Fisher, J. Locke and Co. Layton, J. Laing, T. Ledger, G. Loxley, T. A. Lucas, Josiah Lucas, John Lavers, S. N. Levy, J. Lewis, T. Lee and Sons Luckell, W. E. Lutwyche, W. La 13eaume, M. Lord, Thomas Linthorne, B. Lett, J. Lowrance, G. Luke, J. W. Mellish, W. (Bishops- gate-street, Morgan, William Mears and Co. Moore, W. Marshall, J. Maltby, T. Son, and Co: Martell, R. H. Mathie, W. Mills, C. Martin, C. Martens, H. & Co. Melhuiah and Co. Mason, J. Marchant, W. Matthews, W. Milroy, T. Miles, C. Mortimer, J. H. Martin, C. Marshall, C. Martin, C. jun. Marshall, T. Mitchell, G. Me ('king, T. Afereerton, I. Milner, F. Martin, Charles Marriott, H. Moulden, T. Matyear, G. Miles, John Muskett, G. A. Hall, John Cowie, G. - Holden, W. Curtis, Charles Hunt, J. eltrruthere, D. Hatch, Oliver Cawthorn, W. Hudson, T. and Co. Casanova, J. Hibbert, C. Culverwell, John Hennings, C. F. Coulson, Jukes, g.• Co. Haynes, S. Curtis, T. A. Hoffman, James Clay, Felix Hartshorn, 'John Capel, J. Helps, T. Carstairs, J. Hensley, J. Catleys and Co. Horne and Co. Cook and Trueman Hall, S. Sanderson Canyons, R. F. Heinle, R. Carter, Joseph Hunter, J. Crocker, J. Hamlet, T. Cope, J. G. Hughes, H, Clarke, R. Huth and Co. Cleasby, S. Harkness, J. Chatfield, E. Hearne and Co. Cobden, W. H. Hardwick, P. Chapman, R. Hulme, R. Compton, C. S. Hindmareh, Ralph Cracklow, J. Hurd, Philip Clay, S. Harrison, M. Chabot, P. Hawkins, J. Collingwood, W. Hutchinson, J. Cutler, M. Hawker, J. Cooke, G. Harrison, J. F. erainp ern , 3. C. Herring, C. Clement, H. Hurry, E. • Copeland, W. T. Hartman, John Cole, G. Hunt, W. 0. Clement, T. Hodgson, J. Carnae, J. R. Hunter, J. Coates, I. Mall, William John Clark, C. Hall, T. S. Currie, W. Hawkins, D. antton, J. Hill, It. Charrington, N. Handyside, W. S. eharrington, J. Hancock, S. Curling, E. Harris, J. J. Dickinson, Thos. Hardcastle, R. nriver, Edward Hartley, James Perkins, C. Smith, H. W. Prested, J. Shuter, I'. Allen Nixon, J. Nockells, C. Neale, W. Northover, I. Noy, E. H. New, J. Nichols, W. L. Nottage, W. Ogilby, C. Outhwiite, T. Oliver, .1. Oseland, E. Oldershaw, R. jun. Potnsett, H. Pellatt, A. Pfeil, A. L. Pitcher, W. Phillips, S. Parnell and Son Poynder, T. jun. Parkinson, J. Pocklington, Joseph Powles, J. A. fa Co. Paddon, B. Pope, J. Paulin, Son, & Herne Popkin, H. Poole, J. Pigeon, IL H. Paterson, J. Pugh, C. Pepys, W. H. Price, D. Pearson, C. Parsons, Edward Vines, Samuel SATURDAY EVENIN6I, APRIL 29, 1826. An Address to the Natives and Inhabitants of the Principality of Wales. EYTON, Stock-broker, No. 2, Cornbill, congra tulates his Countrymen upon their success in the late Lottery, he haying distributed the 20,0001. Prize amongst them intleetL.there is scarce a town or village in the whole PrincipalitVoilat has not partaken of -some of the numerous Prizes in tre late Lottery.-- , E rro N en' intreats his Friends to purchase either tickets or Shares. immediately, in the present Lottery, which contains Six Prizs t'f Twenty Thousand Guiness, to be IMAM' N the :Id (if luiving no doubt, this being the last Lottery but One; that Tickets evil be con siderably hightrbtfrife the Drawing. - • All Business in the British and Foreign Fttnds, and different Con - 11141V% Stiares transacted with fidelity and clis.; patch. Perram, I. Saunders, J. E. Wood, R. Packman, W. Seddon, T. Wilson, Hodgkinson, Pearson, J. Sharp, J. and Co. Proctor, J. Spence, R. Woollett, John Paye, S. F. Stapp, John Wrench, J. G. Peppercorne, J. Stage, Edward Webster, James Pulley, J. Stedman, F. ' Windle and Co. Paxton, G. Salter, G. Wilson, Ashmore, Price, David Serle, G. and Cu. Sanderson, J. , Wacherback and Co. Rawlins; William Smith, S. Wilcox and Co. Reay, John Saunders, J. Winstanley, J. G. F Riley, John Smith, K. Wollaston and Elliott Row, W. Shuttleworth,'J. B. Wright, Samuel Ruston, W. Smith, T. WarM, N. Richardson, C. jun. Sykes, L. Weston, Daniel Ready, W. J. Shearruan, I. - Ward, Thos. Rew, Prescott & Co. Sharpe, R. Gl Wilson, T. (Warn- Ranking, J. . Stuart, C. ford-court) Rougemont and Co. Smith, J. Wild, John Richards, MackintoshSheuston, S. Weeding T. and Co. Symonds, N. W. Watson, Wigan, and Roberts and Co. Schooling, J. • Co. Rundell, E. Spence, T. Whitehutst, T. Robinson, 1 :* Spence, it. Wynne, W. Ramsbotham, F. H. Saner, J. • Williams, James Row, W. jun. Savage, T. Williams, T. Robinson, W. Selwyn, W. Ward, Thomas Ridpath, W. A, Seely, P. B. Watney, D. Roper and Son Spottiswood, A. Woolly, J. Rutter, V. Sangster, S. Wilson, Fletcher Rennie, J. Shepperd, H. Wood, C. Robinson, Matthew Stacy, G. Woodward W. Robinson, G. J. Silva, 0. Williams, T. G. Robinson, G. Simpson, G. Warmington, R. J. Robertson, D. Wrench, E. Rotherhy, William Tickell, John Wrench, H. Rich, J. W. B. Thompson, J. Warren, J. Rich, R. Thompson t nd PowisWatts, I. Read, T. R. Teddy, Tomlin, & Co. Wilson, S. Rapp, John Tristram, H. Wilscn, W. Turuley, Henry Whyte, J. Sedgwick, T. Tewart, Edward Wheeler, J. Skipper, Peter Tulloch, J. and T. Wallis, G. S. Smith, Robert Trehern, E. Willand, H. Sparkes, R. W. Thornton, Richard West, John Saunderd, T. Thissleton, W. M. Warton, Matthew Stuart, Samuel Turner, F. Wornersley, R. Shuttieworth, G. E. Thompson, John Woodrow, J. Sims, James Trimbey, Jas. Wray, J. Sawyer, Samuel Thomas, R. Wase, T. Schaaf, H. Taepe, S. Wilkinson, W. A. Sherwood and Co. Tyars, G Wood, C. Siordet and Co. Templer, John Winsland, I. Saunders, J. Twining, R. Warburton, T. Shedden and Sons Turner, Wlfi. Stable, C. Young, Matinee Stringer, Miles Urquhart, W. A. Yeomans, J. rrHE WIDOW d tin OFFICER in his ILMA JESTY'S. SERV ICE being desirous of appropriating her pension to the EDUCATION of her FAMILY, would be glad to find some Lady in want of a companion. Salary is not so much the object as a comfortable residence.—The most respectable references will be given by applying at 112, Strand. BisH « The Last Man" who can ,ever have the honour,, singly as Contractor, to submit a Lottery.to the British Public, has been more than usually anxious to render this his Last Scheme worthy their approval. Government having arranged the Last Lottery of all to be taken by the Office-keepers who.usually bid for a Lottery, and determined that BISII'S FAREWELL. CONTRACT, - - - Being the very Last Lottery but. One that can ever be offer ed must be all decided ' NEXT WEDNESDAY (3d MAY). BISII entreats his "best friends,'" the Public, to be early in their application flit. 'rickets and Shafes, to partake of the SIX PRIZES of 04000, &c. &c. forming an aggregate of • 233 , 7,000 ! • ALL TO BE DECIDED IN ONE DAY, NEXT WEDNESDAY, '3d MAY). Tickets and Shares are selling , at BISEVS, the Contractor's, Offices, No. 4, Cornhill, and a, Charing-Cro s s, and by his Agents in all the principal . Cities and Towns of the United Kingdom. BISII'S GREAT LUCK !--The tide of success continues to flow unlnterrupedly to BISII'S 01E1ml—every drawing affords him the gratification of announcing that a very large portion of all the Prizes have been sold by him. In the Lottery just ended, he Shar e d an d S o ld s:veral Capitals, in c l u di n g TWO PRIZES of £20,000 each, viz. 7,340 Class A, a Prize of 4:20,000 ! 10,004 Class B, a Prize of £20,000 ! In the previous Lott er y, w hi c h wa s all drawn oth December Lod, DISH Hold TWO of £30,000 ! And in the Lottery immediately yreeeding, drawn on the 18th October last, DISH Sold THREE of 2),000 ! And within th last Eleven Months, BISII sold FIVE £30,000, and ELEVEN £20,000! THE ARMY. GENERAL ORDER. Hansa cnians, Aim 25. The arrangement detailed in the annexed Official Memorandum having received the _approval of the King, add the aune having been adopted with a view to the 1 , 9841 efficieney of the Service, and to meet the immediate advrtstage and'Tonvtinktice of the re spective classes of Regimental Officei4l74lhri.treret Part.t, to which its provisions exclusively apply, his Royal Highness the Commander-in-Chief Communicates to the Army.his Majesty's gracious intentions upon this occasion, in .order that Officers on Regimental Full Pay, who shall be eufitled to profit thereby, may have ihe opportunity of doing so without delay. By Cominand of his Royal Higlinees The Commander-in-Chief, HENRY TORRENS, Adjutant-General. His Majesty has been graciously pleased to approviof the follow ing arrangement, with a view to the general efficiency of the Ser vice, in the regimental rank of Major and Captain on full pay of ihe Infantry, and to the advantage and convenience of Officers who now hold their Regimental Rank with Superior Brevet Rank in the Army._ Regimental Officers on full pay who hold Brevet Rank in the Army, superior to their Regimental Rank, shall have the option of retiring upon an Unattached Commission on Half-pay of the next effective rank, above that which they bold regimentally, and shall afterwards be permitted, if they should be so disposed, to avail themselves of the Regulations of the With April last, by selling that Unattached Hulf-pay Conimission. • .• The actual Regimental CoMmissions, front which the are thus promoted, are to be in every instance tilled front the Half-Pay. The Cornmis4ions of Caplains, by Captains from the Half-Pay, having no Brevet Rank higher than that of their RegiMental Commissions. , The future claims of OftiCers, retiring to half-pay under this fir arangement,'shall, in consideration of their services, not he affect ed by such retirement ;--and as the arrangement is made with a view to the convenience and advantage of the service, they shall , be considered as standing on tlio.sitnie footing riith respect to pro vision for their Widows and Children, as Officers placed on half par reduction, or on account of wounds and infirmities. 'Three mouths will be allowed to each individual from the date on which he accepts the promotion to the regimental rank on half pay, to enable him to determine whether he is desirous of selling his commission. It must he understood that the sale of half-pay commissions consequent on this measure, is distinct from that allowed by the regulations of 25th April last, and that the period fixed by those regulations will not be extended with respect to the individuals to whom they refer ; also, that no Officer above the age of 60 yeah, ' who shall avail himself of the option of promotion to the higher regimental rank on half-pay, shall be allowed to dispose of that half-pay ; certificates of age must therefore, in every case, accom- pany the aplication to sell. - The individuals who shall be disposed to take advantage of the first part of this arrangement, Upon the terms specified, will make application to the Commauder-in-Chief r through the Military Se cretary ; -- suelinpplicatlon to be Watt mitred by their - respective Gmunanding Officers, -within one Month after they shall have become acqvuilited with the arrangement. As one of the objects of this arraitgerueot is ft" secure to regi- Otents the services of effective and efficient Field Officer and Cap tains, it is his Majesty's pl6sure that the arrangement, so f»•r as it provides for the removal of Brevet Officers to Half-pay, with MD motion to the Regimental Rank, shall be imperative with those holding Staff situations, unless they Shall prefer giving up their Staff situations, and upon this point they are required to make an immediate communication to the Military Secretary, for his Royal Highness the Commander-in-Chief') information. Horse-Guards, April Q 5. The sth (the Printed Charlotte of 'Wales's Regiment of Dra goon Guards) has been ordered to march from York for Leeds. Three troops of the 10th (the Prince of Wales's Own)• Royal Regiment (Hussars) have been ordered to march from Notting ham for Manchester. Two troops of the Ist (the King's) Regiment of Dragoon Guards have been ordered from Leeds to Blackburn. Four troops of the Gth Regiment of :Dragoon :ttards (Cara bineers) arrived yesterday at Canterbury', from Edinburgh. The last division of the 78th (High/atul) oaile,d on the 22d inst. from Cork, for Ceylon. FEMALE FASHIONS FOR MAY. ( From' La Belle Aseemblee.) CARRIAGE DREss.—A round dress of lavender blossom ,tyros de Naples, made high; and the border of the skirt ornamented With three flounces, scalloped very perceptibly, but the wallops not Sharp ; rounded, though oblong, with the edges hlndsoniely pinked; each flounce headed by a full quilling en ruche, of the same material as the dress, pinked in the same manner as the ter mination of the flounces. The body plain, the sleeves long, and only moderately full, and laced up the outside of the arm, from the wrist to the elbow, with silk cordon, en carreaux ; each di►e, r mond formed by this lacing fastened by a silk button. A narrow double ruff of Urling's lace encircles the throat, and surmounts a fichu-peletine of the same Bros de Naples as the dress. This tasteful outAoor covering has long ends in front, and is tritmned all round With a full ruche of the same material. A small cor nette of lace is worn under a hat of white watered gros de Naples, j trimmed with crepe-lisse, and ornamented with spring flowers, such as scarlet ranunculus With yellow and white narcissus, From the sides, and placed under the brim, are two long strings of rich pink ribbon, which float loose. Few parasols have as yet appeared, but that which is represented in our engraving is one of the newest make, and likely to prevail , : it is of the Chinese form, the colour sea-green, with a white border._ _ _ EVENING COSTU;IE.—Over awhite satin slip, a dress of tulle t with a very foil buffant puckering round the border, forming two rows. The fullness of these rich ornaments is confined by straps of satin, placed in bias, at equal distances. The waist is ala Suisse, and is laced down the front with silk cordan. The sleeves are short, from the shoulder to rather snore than the middle of the arm above the elbow ; they are formed of two cows of puckering, exactly corresponding with the ornaments at the border of the skirt, and confined by the same kind of satin straps. From these short sleeves depend the long oneS, s(=liich ere of tulle, with bows down the visible part of the inside of the ann, and they terminate at the wrists by old English joints of white satin.-- The shoulders are ornamented with clusters of bows, formed of white satin ribbon, and the gown is made of a proper, yet quite decorous lowness round the bust, for full dress: The hair is ai• ranged is( very full curls on each side of the face, and parted dn. forehead. A French beret turban of white crape and satin, with a full plume of white feathers on the side that is elevated ; on the other aide, that covers the hair, are two very small 'white feathers. —The necklace is formed of several rows of pearls, twisted ; the ear-pendants are 6f superb pear-peals. A Gentleman in Essex having in his orchard many old supposed worn-out apple trees, which produced fruit. scarcely larger than a walnut, last winter took fresh-made lime from the kiln, slacked it with water, and dressed them well with a brush. The result was that the insects and moss were completely destroyed, the outer rind fell off, and a new, smooth, clean, healthy one was formed ; and the trees, although some of them twenty years old, have now a most healthy appearance.' ' Nn. 10, STRAND. rVELFTII Olt FALSE AND TituE. A sociable party last F,weltth Night thought fit Its talent to try at extempore wit To tell, one a story unfounded Truth's laws on, In manner exceeding even Baron Mnitchausen Aimi her immutable Truth to disguise In style that the party should please and surprise. TILE NIERRY DUN` 'ON' DOVER. The Vessel the Merry Dunn cloistered of 15 trrr, In length many leagues of the Ocean would cover At Sanderland cargoes of coals Would receive At her bow-post! and, what you will scarcely belicte, Wo . uld at the same time, from her stern-port discliarie, Below London Bridge, into lighter and !yogi: A boy sent aloft the ship's penditat to clear, In ascent anti descent fur many a year, So lung Was about it, as all might presage, That when he came down he was grey with old age ! This ship front the Downs white h er w a y working nut, In length was So great, that in tact,ing about, take some floating monntain, the diced of the people, H er flying-gat-boom then linocied ult ti Caffi3 steeple! Same time IWO her ensign's lung tail be a sweep Fl out Dover heights struck off a large deck of sheep! The story thus ended, a lady began— what is that heats even the great Merry Dunn Whose standard of fame, mattyyears now notary( , Extends Ai. the whole of the civilized world ! The Merry Dunn merely to Ocean . confired. But this all the haunts still pervades ut mankind; Your vessel unwieldy ; but this gives a grace, And stamps the crilerien of Taste on your race.' Warren's Jet Blacking! each voice now replies, And Truth thus achieV'd of due honours the prize. This Easy Shining n 11413611130 BLACKING, prepared by ROBEIrr WARREN, 30,. sTrtAND, u..) .1)1,N ; And iiohl in eery Town in the Eine:dom. in Bottles, 6d. itl. lid. and ilad. each. Also PASTE BLACKING, in Pots GIL red. and 184. each. A ShillinK Pot of Paste is equal to Four Is. Bottles of Liquid BY Bis MAJESTY'.) LOYAL LETTERS, PATE NT, and SPECIAL APPOIN'DIENneT. 11FANCIS -HEALY, Bulk) Pill,near Newn ham, Gloucestershire, (late of hondon,) Master Mason to the PATENT 111 ARBIX.WORKING COMPANY ' ,re spectVully - solicits the comman d s of the Nobility, Gentry, and the Public. Orders correctly executed by him for Chimney Pieces, Monuments, T a bl es and every description of Works in Marble, from elegant aid classical designs, ornamented with a superior polish, not to be obtained by manuel labour. A choice collection of Chimney Pieces, anu a variety of specimens constantly on sale at the Works. and at the following Agents. hondon—Mr. George Brown, 4, itegent.street, Pall Mall. Gloucester—Mosts. Norris an t i Pros s ers. Cheltenham_ r. John Cook. Bristol-:-Mr. Wru. Bartlett. FOREIGN CORN. , • INSTRUCTIoNs: TO MR. JACOB, RESPtC,TING THE PRICES OF FOREIGN CORN. [Continued from our paper of . yesterday.] From the time I left the Netherlands; through Saiony,Prussia, Poland, Austria, Bavaria, and Wurtemberg, till I entered France, I never saw either in the baker's Shops, in the hinds, or private houses, a loaf of wheaten bread. In very large towns_ small rolls, made of wheaten flotir, could be purchased, and they were. to be seen at the tildes at which foreigners tvere seated. In the small towns and villa;es only rye bread can be obtained ; and travellers commonly take in their carriages sufficient Wheaten rolls to sup ply Went from One large town to the ttett. Wh e at is duly us e d y the natives for making what our English bakers would call fancy bread, or in pastry and confectionary. If there be no fo reign demand fur wheat, the difficulty o f se lli ng it a t an y p r i ce i s great, and that little, which the very limited demand of' other Countries ,of late years has required, has been confined to Wheat of the bast quality; for rye, on the other hand, sales may be always made at a Marta price ; and the price of that grain has not been depressed in the same proportion as the price of wheat. Although thc: increase 'of wheat is greater than that of rye, yet, as it absorbs all the-manure of the farm, and retpiires-the-land to be .ploughed twice mote;it is now deemed to be the least profit able of the two crops, by many of the farmers. As the r'e receives the full benefit of the fallow,-its increas e i s 'greater than that of the spring crops which follow it. Barley anti oats are sown in the spring Which follows the har veitinF the wheat and rye, and these complete the course, which is again followed by a whole year's fallow. By this rotation of crops, the land bears corn only two years out of every three ; and the crop of the last year scarcely produces three times the quantity of the seed that was sown. This opinion, formed by my own observations, strengthened by the' reports of the most intelligent persons with whom I con versed, who were connected with practical agriculture, receives some confirmation from a paper furnished to me by Mr. Leutze, his Majesty's 'Consul at Stettin; according to which, ,in 1805, the year preiious to that in which the country was over-run by the French, the quantities of corn sown and harvested in the province of Pomerania, When the SWedish part was not incor porated with it, are its follow ; Bushels. Bushels. Wheat - sown - 155,936 - produced - 996,224 Rye - do. - 4,254,960 - do. - 4,383,584 Barley - do. - 619,992 - do. $2,757,688 Oats - do. - 1,245,704 - do. - 2,975,880 This view of the low rate of increase is further confirmed by the official accounts of the produce of several farms in West Prussia (see Appendix, No. 11, B.), by Which it appears, that on six fat ins, on which 4,864 aeres are cultivated with corn, the produce was only taken at 10,000 quarters in 1824, which is represented to be a favourable year. Though some few of the large proprietors. may, by the increase of their flocks of sheep, and by the assiduous attention to every branch of cultivation, have improved their land and raised the in crease of their seed, I see no reason to believe that to be the case to an extent which can have a sensible influence on the average of the whole mass of production. If we consider the calamities which Prussia endured, and the strenuous eiertions she made to tertnitiate them, We Shull scarcely suppose that the interval from 1815 to 1825 has been 'sufficient to regain what she had lost in the eight years which preceded that Period, snore especially as, up to the present time, the market prices of her chief productions have been suffering a regular decline. I should not deem the other maritime privinces of Prussia to be much more productive than Pomerania, as a whole, though in East and in West Prussia there is rather a larger proportion of the land that is capable of producing crops of wheat and oats. It will happen to a traveller, in pursuit of agricultural informa tion, even in England, and much mote in countries where the business of cultivation is conducted in a Much lower Manner, that his attention will be invited to those properties which are best managed, where the several processes of husbandry are most as.. dulously performed, and Where the produce is the greatest. Bence • idn every writer on agricultural . subjects has been led to over rate the actual average produce of land, in the several countries which he, may have visited. Like others, I was prevailed upon to pay the Omni' nt tontion to the details and face of the land of the must the most affluent, and most productive proprietors. I visited several noblemen, whose knowledge of, and attention to, ag riculture, was fully equal to that bf any men in this or :My other country ; and if the produce of the land was not equal to that raised by our best farmers, fhe difference must be attributed ra ther to the Pea and cliMate, than to any deficiency either of'ca pita!, or skill, or assiduity. On such property the wheat sown was very insignificant, and the proportion of that grain to rye, had gradually declined of late . years. One nobleman, who farmed his estate of 26,000 acres, of Which two-thirds was tillage, and on&third woodland, grew but a few Acres of wheat, and of late had sold no corn of any kind. From the ports of England being shut against corn, he bad ttirned his attention to the production of fine wool. On this. , estate there is a flock of 15,000 Merino sheep, yielding on au • average two and a half pounds of firie Wool, the annual sales of which amount to one half more than the value of the sheep. Through the five winter months the sheep are fed with Corn, c hiefly rye, at the rate of one pound per day, which is estimated to be equal to three pounds of hay. The proprietor calculated, that sheep thus kept, yielded nearly as much more wool as, added to the benefit which the manure of the animals received from that kind of food, was equal to the price he should have received for the corn, if he had sold it; and that the profit on this system, was the value of the whole of the hay, which would have been other • wise consumed. Instead of selling, he thuds it more profitable to buy corn. . • On the same property, the extent of land planted with potatoes, was upwards of 1,500 rnorgens, or about 1,000 acres, the chief part of which were used in the distillery, which seems an india. pensable adjunct to every well-managed farm. The calculation made there was, that two bushels of potatoes yielded as much ardent spirit as one of barley ; and that the residum, after ex tracting the spirit, was equal in elementary power, for the draught bullocks, which are fed with it, to two-thirds of its value, before the wort was extracted from it. By the process on this estate, nine bushels of potatoes are mixed with one-half of malt, to draw the wort, which is afterwards distilled, so as to produce a spirit containing about SO per cent. of alcohol, in which state it pays a duty (much complained of) of sixpence per gallon. It is reduced before it is sold, till it retains 50 per cent. of alcohol; and the price charged to the retailers is about fourteen-pence per gallon. Another person of the same rank, who had turned his atten tion to the improvement of his property, boasted that his corn land already yielded near sixfold for the seed that was sown, and could be further increased. He, too, cultivated potatoes very ex. tettsively, and, by converting them into starch and treacle, made the land yield a profit which, had it been devoted to corn, would have produced a loss. lie had tried to make sugar from pota toes, and found it not advantageous ; bake assured me that treacle paid him well, and he could afford to sell it for I Se. per cwt., whilst that from the West Indies cost 245. I could perceive no differ ent* between the sweetness of this treacle and that from the Tro pics, but it had less consistency. A noblenian whom I had before known, to whose hospitality I am much indebted, and whose estate I viewed in detail, took 'the trouble to furnish me with the course of cultivation he pus•-• sued on the property on which he resides. (See Appendix No. )2.) Though cultivated with care and though fairly productive, I readily give credit to what he assured me, that the whole be nefit which he derived from the estate of 6,300 acres, in his joint capacity of landlord and cultivator, hail not exceeded the amount for which he had sold his annual clip of the wool of hit flock of 4;000 sheep. On the several other estates that I viewed, the . recurrence of corn crops was equal ly &lam ; t.ee ,uperior portion of land de voted to preen crops, and paature, the same; mid the stock of cattle bore nearly a like propoction. , 'lthese, however, were ex and aCqUiring the practical dons few in number and cuntined in extent, when compared cep , with the general condition of the estates. of the three provinces. A number of preprietors, residing on their.land, devoting their e a co nd no a m t ra t l io l n ialrits itl s i vl i rie p h ro t v h e ePr el a l ttirs render' necessary, must p r i t giof agricultural produce,.may at some future time, Int 4t ; l ' e e a beneficial influence on the cultivators around them. in this view, perhaps the distress which has been occasioned by the depressed AP;',i i , 7 , 7 , ..„ N ,1 , . . . - # '4 ' . 411 MW I "V i '---.. -.- , ' I ~ ,e*o I ...,'rnimr• '.." ^ ,: t*NA , 1. 4m. I,o;riVuirt PRICE SEv EN-PENCE • , happierunder auspices, ,oeuigniy auvantageous to the community:, But in the mean time, the influence of the best speeimens of culti-, vation have been very limited. Few of the proprietors have anj capiod tci buy sheep or other stock, or to . enable them t o wa i t : O r those returns of their outlays, which come in with the. most di/a: WI'S , pace white the management of land is the best., He who has 4 answer the demands of the labOurers, the to collectors, and, wherv; it necurs, of the gatherer of rent,,or of interest op mo r t gagt* : must sell his corn at any price that is offered for it, without wait .Mg to convert it into Wool, as the nobleman to Whom I have al luded is _enabled to do.. It is more the state ofembarrassment, io Which almost all the proprietors are placed, than the want of knowledge,or of assiduity that. prevents. the agriculture of the' Prussian dominions from making more considerable advancers.. Fernierly, the majority of our estates, as belonging to nobles, - and only capable of being. held by that clat* were nearly inalieo able ; but the necessity- ,of relieving the most harassed of that body, induced the Government to form a plan by which money might he borroWed on the security of land. At first this power was con fined to the landi of the nobleS, but afterivards extentkd to all others. The hnulschaft, or States, a ideal assemfdy of the Principal, proprietors, were authorised to make a Valuation of such estates as were to he mortgaged, and to issue -Writings denominated pfandfrriefe, ter mortgage liehentoras,, bore interest, and were transferable with little trouble ,and extence,• on which on half, and in some instances' six-tenths.of the landschaft's veins tioo, was easily borroived. As the valuatibos of the estates were made upon a low scale of the prices: Of produce, and on a low estimate of the annual quantum of such produce, - they were deemed the best security that 'could, be offered. In a,country 4 where no government Hinds were in existence. or hens in . Which the public had much confidence, these kinds of securities became= the natural deposits of such accumulations of money as were not intended to be exptised to any risks. Hence the fortuneS of wi dows and orphans, and the capitals of churches, schools, hospitals,, charitable institutions of Various descriptions, Were invested in such securities. From 17b4, when the Valuations were made, the gradual rise of the prices of the produce Made the payment . of the interests on the debts very slightly burdensome.; aid such, Was the regularity with which the interest was paid, and such the confidence in the security, thtit those pfandhriefe became worth a premium of ten per cent. and sometimes even of More. . . At the time of the valuation, the system of "duty, work, as. known in France by the name of Correct, was general. The. taxes on the land, for the families who fell in defence of their country in the late war, and for such as were disabled, were not, imposed, and those for the local purposes of roadS, bridges, the poor, and other objects, were much lower than they are at pre. sent;----whilst by gradual steps, for the last ten years, the price of all kinds of corn, except of wheat, which is the smallest portion, has fa3len beloW those at which the Valuations were calculated in. the year 1'744, the increase of takes and of the prim of labour have been advancing. Thus many of the estates, which for the first twenty years could easily discharge the demands upon them, are now become utterly unable to meet those demands. I had heard so Many tales of the distress occasioned by this. course of events, that I wished to ascertain the extent of it as accurately as possible. • Having found in Mr. Rothe, the president of West Prussia, as well a disposition to communicate information of every kind, u* the qualities of accuracy end discrimination; I was induced to siibmit to him, in writing, some queries on this, as well sui on some other subjects, which he very politely and speedily answered. The replies, in Appendix, No. 11. (A), that of 516 V estates, within the limits of the landschaft's authority, 195 are incumbered with mortgages, and only 67 (about a quarter), are free from those incumbrances. Of the 195 estates so Meumbered, 71 were already in a state of sequestration—a remedy to which none of the mortgagees would have recourse but in cases of extre mity. I Was more than once told (with what truth I would hesi tate to say), that most of the 67 large estates not appearing in the Hypothecation books to be ineumbered, had been prevented by testamentary, or other family settlements, from being brought within the circle of the landschaft's 'valuation. I Was informed by an intelligent man, who is a member of the states, that many estates have been suffered to remain in the possession of the no mind proprietors, because the interest of the money lent on them ceases as soon as a process is commenced, and because they eau tut be sold for so much as has been advanced on them ; be sides*hicb, When in a state of sequestration they are so earehody managed by officers of the government, that they beeoine from bad '.to worse. The mortgagees are thus induced to leave them in the hands of the appiirent owners, in the hope of a change of tunes, ana from the fear of diminishing still more the value of their slight security. Besides these mortgages, which are registered in the Hypotheca tion hooks of the landshuft, many of these large estates, when the value of the produce was very high, were enabled to Uorrow, an subsequent mortgieges, which as they are of no validity. till those registered. are liberated, have in many instancei .been attended with a total loss to the lenderi. It is obvious, that when that which fora long period ham been deemed the Most secure, if not the only secure investment for money,, becomes of no avail, the consequence must be highly distressing, and peculiarly so, because the principal suffering must, of limes, city, fall on those least able to contend with the •adverse circum stances in which they are placed. The new proprietors, who have been raised to that condition by the abolition of the ancient feudal tenures,' though they can scarcely ever want the bare necessaries of life, have very litdu be yond them. If they happen to be both industrious arid econtrmi cal, their own labour, on the small portidn of land which they possess, will supply them with potatoes and some little bread corn, as well as provision for their two oxen. They all grow a small patch of flux, and som e contrive VS keep five or sit► sheep. If die.. posed to labour beyond the time reqUired for their own land, there , is a difficulty in obtaining employment ; and in the winter - months,' which are long and severely cold, no agricultural work can be performed. The flax and the wool span in their cottages must supply the clothing of the family; and the fat of the animals they kill must be converted into soap and candles. Meat of any kind can be rarely afforded to be eaten by such families ; and only the few who are more prosperous than their neighbours can keep a cow to supply them With milk. They consume nearly all they produce, and are considered happy if they bave a sufficient sur plus for sale to meet the demands of a few shillings annually for the payment of their trifling taxes and local assessments. It was the universal opinion of all with whom I had any conver sation on the topic, that this description of peasants were hitherto, in a worse condition than under the old tenures; and ai this. was attril - ;:ted to the depression of agriculture, the want of capi tal, and of incitement to the large occupiers to employ their spare time, it was not considered to be an impeachment of the wisdom' which had planned and executed their emancipation. • • Though the rate of wages is very low, (see Appendix, Nti: 11,) not averaging more than bd. per day, yet the day labourers who have constant employment, - with a cottage, potato-ground, and flax-patch, are said to be somewhat better circumstanced than those persons who have been recently raised from the feudal ranks to that of freehold proprietors. Those labourers who are boarded in the houses of their em . - ployers, have a sufficiency of food, consisting of rye-bread, pota toes, and buck-wheat made into soups of various kinds; and in many instances are provided with meat, commonly bacon, twice a week. The aged anti infirm poor have demanded consideration only since the abolition of the feudal tenure, Before that pet-kid, eac' Lord considered himself bound to assist in their support, and ge nerally atttnded to that duty where the deficiency of means in the power of the relations of the aged anti infirm made it requisite. A regular system of taxation for the poor has not yet been intro duced, though the first steps towards it have been taken. The as sessment for the widows and orphans of those who fell in the late, Conflicts, and for such as were disabled in the • service, has been already noticed. It is kept distinct from all' other levies, and im of course gradually diminishing' in amount, as the persons entitletl, to receive it ar e r . inova d b y d eat h . The money requis i te f or t h e Other poor is ets l etl from local funds, arising from getiersk r asi s.:ssments made :or the maintenance of bridges, for the tr ai l roads, drains, arid embankments, for the s al/port of h for some other similar purposes. The practice of 2 , l i;) , ,r " ti .. ': l gthe .. indigent is of very recent date, and has not hith l tU Eel i f i t7 " ea L c u h c effect of lessening the sympathy whieh th t e .en t!tlY ettise towardl, other, or the charity 'which the more isal t as a bar against application m the conunti h their distressed neighbdure; and the greatest extremity. Cro c • ‘oNtniuxthy seisse na tif tax sh ei am , eexyeLpetentait_noe, A •t s` , ~~.