The Sun. — London, England, 1818-11-04 00:00:00

~. ~. LITERARY REVIEW. A CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY of VOYAGES into the ARCTIC REGIONS ; undertaken chiefly for the purpose of Discovering a North-East, North-West, or POLAR PASSAGE, between the ATLANTIC and PACIFIC: from the earliest periods of Sandinavian Navigation, to the De 'maitre of the Recent EXPEDITIONS, under the Orders of Captains ROSS and BUCHAN.—By JOHN BAR ROW, Esq. We resume our attention to this valuable Work, which has collected into a focus the seve ral scattered lights upon a most interesting se,b jeer, and which, with the observations of the in genious and learned Compiler, since ie does not aspire to a hig,her name on the present occasion, wilt enable Readers in general to acquire a con sideraYe share of knowledge, and to torn) sonic estimate of the probable issue of an enterprize, often attempted, And the succes of which we hope is reserved for the honour of this Country, LIEUTENANT KOTZEBUE. 1815 to 1818. " The long protracted war, in which all the nations of Europe were at different times involv ed, suspended all attempts at northern discovery ; but no sooner did the European world begin to feet the blessings of peace, than the spirit of dis covery revived. Expeditions ‘...ere 5....nt forth to every quarter of the globe ; and to the honour of an individual it might to be mentioned, that at his own cost, a ship was fitted out for the pur pose of ascertaining when her the sea, on the nor t hero coast of America, afforded a navigable pas sage between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans : thnt individual is the Russian Count Romanzoff. The vessel prepared for this undertaking was called the Borick, and Lieut. Kotzebue, son of the celebrated writer of that name, was appoint ed to command her. She was of small tonnage, not exceeding one hundred, and manned with 22 men, officers included, a surgeon and botanist. His instructions were to proceed round Cape Horn, and make the best of his tray to the north west coast of America, pass Ilehring's Strait, and endeavour to find some bay or inlet on the Ame rican side to lay up his vessel in safety, while, with a certain number of his crew, he should pe netrate the American Continent by land, first to the northward, to ascertain if Icy Cape be an island, as is supposed, and then to the eastward, keeping the hyperborean sea on their left, and carrying with them light skin boats or baidars to enable them to pass such lakes or rivers as might intervene. " At one of the Aleutian Islands he observed a vast quantity of drift•wood thrown upon the shore, and, among other species of wood, picked up a log of the camphor tree. In the midst of Bel/ring's Strait, between East Cape and Cape Prince of Wales, he found the current setting strongly to the north-east, at the rate, as he thought, of twu miles and a half an hour, which is at least twice the velocity observed by Cook. In this particular place also the depth of the water was considerably more than the soundings mentioned in Cook's voyage. " Having passed the Cape Prince of Wales early in August, witho►►t any obstruction from ice, and as it would appear without seeing any, an opening was observed in the line of the Ame rican coast, in latitude about 671° to 68°. Into this inlet the ltnrick entered. Across the mouth was a small island, the shores of which were covered with drift-wood ; and among it were oh served trees of an enormous size. The tide regu larly ebbed and flowed through the passages on each side of the island. Within the entrance, the great bay or inlet spread ont to the north and, south, and had several coves or sounds on each shore. its extent to the eastward was not determined, but the Rurick proceeded as far in that direction as the meridian of 160 ° , which cor responds with that of the bottom of Norton Sound, " The shores of this great inlet, and more par the northern one, were well peopled with Indians of a large size ; the men were well armed with bows, arrows, and spears. They wore skin clothing, and leather boots, neatly made and ornamented ; their huts were comfort able and sunk deep into the earth ; their furni ture and implements neatly made ; they had sledges drawn apparently by dogs, though the skulls and skins of rein-deer indicated the presence of that animal in the country. The description given by Lieut. Kotzebue of these people corres ponds almost exactly with that of the Tschutski by Cook on, the opposite Continent, with whom they sometimes trade and are sometimes at war. They are the same race of people as those on the Continent of America lower down and about the Russian settlement of Kodiack, as appeared from a native of that place being able to understand their language. " From these Indians Lieut. Kotzebue learned, that at the bottom of the inlet was a strait through which there was a passage into the great sea, and that it required nine days rowing with one of their boats to reach this sea. This Kot zebue thinks trust be the Great Northern Ocean, and that the whole of the land to the northward of the inlet must either be an island or an archi pelago of islands. At the bottom of a cove on the northern shore of the inlet was an extensive perpendicular cliff, apparently of chalk, of the height of six or seven hundred feet, the summit of which was en tirely covered with vegetation ; between the font of this cliff and the shore was a slip of land, in Nvidth about five or six hundred yards, covered also with plants, which were afterwards found to be of the same kind as those on the summit. But the astonishment of the travellers may readily be conceived, when they discovered, on their approach to this extensive cliff, that it was actually a moun tain of solid ice, down the sides ofwhich • the water was trickling by. the heat of the sun. At the foot of the cliff several , elephants' teeth were picked up, sinii!Fir to those which have been found in euct ua cluanriiiiS in Siberia and the islands ihe Tartariati Sea;* these teeth iLey cottcluata to have fallen out of the mass.of ice as its surface melted, though no other part of the animal was discovered by them. There was, however, a most oppressive and offensive smell of animal m atter, not unlike that of burnt bones, so that it was almost impossible to remain near those I►a►ts of the face of the mountain where the water was trickling down. By the gradual slope of the side of this enormous ice-berg which faced the interior they were able to ascend to its summit, and to make a collection of the plants that were growing upon it, The stratum of soil which covered it was not deep, and the Lieutenant describes it as being . of a calcareous nature. The slip of land at the foot of the mountain was probably formed of the soil and plants which had fallen down from the sum mit as the ice melted, and which, in fact, while there, they had the opportunity of observing to fall. " Besides this mountain of ice, there was no ap pearance of ice or snow on the land or the water in this part of America, and the weather was exceedingly clear and mild, and even warm,; but on the oppo,ite coast of Asia the weather at the same time was cold, and the atmosphere almost constantly loaded with fogs. There was in fact such a great difference between the temperature of the two continents, on the two sides of the strait, that, in standing across, it was Ike passiitg instan t aneonsly from sunimer to winter, and the con trary. This happened about the end of August, at which time a fair and open passage appeared to lie on the American side, as far to the northward as the eye could reach ; whereas on the Asiatic side the ice seemed to be fixed to the shore, and its outer edge to extend in the direction of north east, which was precisely that of the current. " The season being too far advanced either to attempt to carry the It nrick round Icy Care, which, however, Lieut. Kotzebue thinks he , conld have done without any obstruction, or to prosecute the land journey to the eastward ; and fettling if he remained longer in the great inlet, the entrance might he closed up with ice, lie thought the most prudent step he could take would he that of pro ceeding to winter and refit in California, and early in the following Sprihg to renew the attempt to penetrate into the interior of America. lie ac cordingly set out again early in March, called at the Sandwich Islands, awl reached the Aleutian Islands in June, where the Rurick suffered much from a violent gale of wind, in which Lieutenant Kotzebue unfortunately had his breast bone bro ken; this accident threw him into such.a state of ill health, that after persevering till they reached liivoogiena or Clerke's Island, at the mouth of Behring's Strait, the Surgeon declared that nothing but a warmer climate would save his life. The ice had but just left the southern shores of this island, and was gradually moving to the northward, which it appears is its usual course every year, but is hastened or delayed in its progress more or less, according to the prevailing winds, and the strength with which they blow. Being thus nearly a month too soon to afford any prospect of immediate access to the inlet on the northern side of Cape Prince of Wales, and his health daily getting worse, he was reluctantly compelled to return with his little bark, and to make the best of his way home round the Cape of Good Hope, " In the course of his circumnavigation, Lieu tenant Kotzebue has made several interesting dis coveries of new groupes of islands in the Pacific ; and he has done that which for the first time has been effected, namely, taking the temperature of the sea, at the surface and at a eel taro depth, at a particular hour every day, both on the outward and homeward voyage. " It is greatly to the credit of Lieutenant Kot zebue that, after a voyage of three years, in every variety of climate, he has brought back again every man of his little crew, with the exception of one who embarked in a sickly state." f * Lieutenant Kotzebue called them mammoths' teeth (mas todontes) ; hut from a drawing made by the Naturalist, they were evidently the teeth of elephants: - which is the more ex traordinary, as bring the first remains of this quadruped found in the New World. . . t From personal conversation with Lieutenant Kotzebue. LONDON JOURNALS. [FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.] [Morning Herald.] THE QUEEN. "kew, Eight o'Clork, Roll. S. " The QUEEN still continues to labour under the most distressing debility, brit in other re• spects she has been somewhat more at ease to-day than she was yesterday. The cough, and other more violent symptoms, subsided very materially towards morning, and her Majesty appeared to sleep composedly for several hours. The Prince Regent arrived at the Palace, about noon, from Carlton House ;. and having taken a slight refreshment, his Royal Highness went on to Windsor Castle, accompanied by the Duchess of Gloucester. Their Royal Highnesses returned at half-past five o'clock this evening ; and the Prince remains to dinner with his Royal Sisters.—His horses are ordered to be ready' to return to town at ten o'clock." his Ins; duty—his parents; Cue secorlti for or The lady knew how to appreciate his merit and his MOi veq, and their vows were mu tually pledged to each other. lie entered upon his career of proSt and honour with that assi duous energy tvhich forms a 'chief feature of ge nuine talent. In a comparatively short period he realized a considerable sum, and with it purchased an annuity for his parents. Having put them in possession of this provision for their lives, he for mally declared to them, that his obligations to them were now fulfilled, and lie was about to enter into other relatious_,‘v_hielt. must exclusively govern him in their turn. He began a second time with fresh spirit—acquired " tz second for tune "—all within a very few years—settled it upon her on whom he had betowed his heart, and married her. To lose Lady Romilly after an attachment so formed, and after years flown away in the tranquillity of domestic joy, disturb ed only by the splendid pursuits of an ambition, sytionimous with virtue, wan one of those shocks which must he left, undefined, to the imagination of such as know what it is to feel. History will say of Sir. Samuel Romilly, that be died uncor rupted by wealth—undazzled by rank—imble mis bed by ambition—unvulgarised by popularity —admired by his adversaries—and even unvilified by the base. His place at the Bar—in the Senate —in the Country, is vacant, and it will remain so.—(Lid.) [The Times In a private letter from Paris it is said, that the King of France, at a recent conference With some of the Foreign Ambassadors, cont!ratulated their Sovereigns and himself on the Convention of Aix la Cl►apelle. i‘lajesty, it is added, appeared to distinguish in a particular manner Baron Vincent, the Aus t rian inister, partly in consideration ,as has been supposed, of the friendly conduct observed by Austria towards France, throughout the dis cu.,,sious of the Congress. The election of cer tain c4nditiates front among the Libereanx for La Vendee, seems to have excited less pleasure than surprise in the Ultra-Royalist party, as %Yell as in that of the Ministers. We have received The Bombay Gazette of the 10th of .1 tine :—The accounts from Bengal mention, that there has been a great fall in tire price of cotton in the Agra and M rzapure mar kets, of nearly two rupees a maund ; this is attri buted to the difficulty of negotiating bills, in consequence of the temporary scarcity of cash. The fort of Chandah has been taken by storm, by tire division wider Col. Adams. The fort of nllligatun has not yet surrendered, but is stilt be sieged by the detachment under tie command of Cu!. Macriowal : in the last attack, the loss was severe, amofinting to three Officers killed and two wounded, with about 80 rank and file. Trim buckjee Danglia, we are informed, is still alive, and that the report of his death originated in . a misapprehension of the import of a Persian ad jective, which, though frequently used for dead, also signifies much butt, or wounded.- , —(lbid) r.re THEATRICAL REGISTER. Perliaineti Lag( Night. THEATRE ROYAL,DRURY-LANE.—The Culliltry Girl : Sparkish, Mr. Penley; Peggy, Mrs. Mardyn. After which (Ist thile), Bannecide. THEATRE ROYAL, CBvENT-GARDEN.—She Would and She Would Not: Dun Manuel, Mr. W. Farrerv; Mrs.' T. Hill. After which, Love, Law, and Physic. MAILS. ARRIVED-1 Waterford. Due—t Sweden, 2 liamlrargh. KING W/I.LTAM LANDED. —Holiday at the Bank, • Excbequei, East India, and South Selt Horts , es, this day. [-UGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE To•MORRO\V. Morning, 10 minutes after S. I Evening, 35 minutes after B. INTERESTING ANECDOTE OF SIR S. RONIILLY. The following anecdote of this most revered and lamented man has come to us from a very respect able quarter. We give it publicity with the more pleasure, that it not only tends to illustrate the mournful circumstances of his death, but casts au affecting and ennobling light on the mo ral excellencies of his character. it will, pet haps, be asked, what anecdote of his life would not tend to make his memory more esteemed, and his loss more regretted He commenced his career at the Bar, a young man, liberally educated, with those high principles of honour, and that susceptibility of amiable and generous sentiment, which distin guished his life, hut without paternal fortune, and, still more, with both his parents dependent upon his professional success. In this situa tion, he became acquainted with a young lady, the charms of whose mind and person won 1i is affections. His conduct was worthy of his head and his heart. He declared his sentiments to the object of his affections ; but added, that he must " acquire two fortunes" before they could be married: the first for those to whutn owed THE SUN. COLEM QUIS DICERE FALSUM AUDEAT LONDON, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 4, ISIS. HER AIAJESTY.—The following Bulletin was this morning : " KEW PALACE, NOV. 4. " The QUEEN'S Symptoms conti►►ue without any material abatement. (Signed) " H, HALFORD." The Paris Papers of Sunday last, which were due this morning, have not arrived. An express has arrived this morning from Paris, stating the price of the French five per Cents. on Monday last at 71 f. 40 c. On the arrival of the express ) , a sale to the amount of 300,0001. 3 per Cent. Consols was made by an eminent house in the City at 77i for the Account, though the money price was only 76,1 7 .—1 t is reported, that since the express another account has reach ed town from Paris, stating that the French five per Cents. left off on Monday at 681. • A letter received from an Officer of the ship CObalva, passenger in the ship flas,tings, arrived it) the Channel, states, that a considerable part of the cargo of the Ceibalca will be saved if the weather should be moderate. The crew (with the exception of those mentioned in a former account) all saved. The Gazette of last night contains the PRINCE REGENT'S Order in Council for the further proro gation of Parliament from the 12th inst. to the 29th December. The Incendiaries of FACTION, in consequence of the unfortunate death of Sir SAMUEL ROMILLY, have already begun their operations, and hope to involve the City of ‘Vestmiaster in new confusion and disorders. A printed Placard has been issued, in contempt of all decency, by these factious i~li~Crest 15, in t the Ll ec t ors t" Mr. DOUGLAS KINNAIRD ! ISA( what are pretensions of this Gentleman ? He is °II a known to the Public by having had ► 9 sher in the management of Drury-Lane Theatroi its which he displav'ed no such ability aS Wss c service to the Concern, but on the contrary'' " was removed by his coadjutors, eith er on ground of incompetency, or of tots nose a sstilP L : tion of power. He indeed also made himself know the Public doting the late General Election by inflammatory Speeches in Covent-Garden; , and the obvious tendency of one of those s p eeches we must believe, without any mischi evous in : tention beyond that at electioneering p olicy ' to expose the life of Lard CASTLEREA GH ° '" daggers of assassins. There are no public g roan upon which Mr. DOUGLAS KIN NAIRD can be in tb•ei slightest degree justified in attempting to e rlibi t ''' the City of West mirtster with a new Contest. 'iv deed it does not appear that lie has himself coale be forward on the occasion, but it may fa irl y ferred that the Demagogues w h o h a ve issued the Placard in recommendation of him, have (f.'ne: by his sanction. No—the vacancy t hat art to orna deplorable event, offers an opportimitY t the Lieetors of Westminster to retriev e the tea nour of their City, by a decided preference ill lave ; of Captain Sir Murta.k? MiiswELL, galla nt ° cer, who has fought the battles of his cosnill; and who, after having hazarded his life it' 1 0 , cause, received the mort alarming ba :IY : be juries, and had nearly f a lle n a victim (4) .) , er fury of a flagitious Faction. We shoot'', 111 the melancholy cause which occasions the va° , ll ,o for a seat in Parliament for Westminster, ',ll been restrained, by motives of delicacy, . r( ; touching upon this subject at present, if the 13c11°Iit, Miscreants had not set an example by ing to intrude upon the Electors a Pas" % ' . c il cannot have any claims to their favour, 041'30 with those of a Gentleman whose cottr°ge tr v, been signalized in the service of his (3°n° whose character is held in the bigg est so 13' spect by all the members of his professi°; e ,dr, well as by a ntrmerans train of priva te fr 'bin) and who possesses abilities that may en itb , l of itei to become a distinguished ornament to ' de 'es' and to serve his country by his knowiedgeoi perience, and manly eloquence, Wi th es 0 10 4) honour as he has deservedly acquir ea science and personal heroism. ti Having expressed our sincere regt e , c . o cie r f loss' of so diEtinguisbed an ornament tiao- as Sir SAMUEL RONIILLY, and our 0 0' es a t.° t•on of his 'character, our Reader" fi g the sure, will excuse us for not dvelliag 0 h es' melancholy subject. We repeat that e r tier (linable Gentleman fell a victim to a (lePr(l.slisell arising from an agitation of mind which him a`l wholly of reason. It is evident fro° ti' ep tici lowing Letter, which we are assnrecl is tli r ed that he had cherished the hope o f the s : e r ; en of an amiable and ardently belovea ° f that the subsequent disappointm ent hope led irresistahly to the fatal eattotroP"‘i Letter is addressed to a par ticular fr iengi departed Gentleman : lg ts. f " Cowes, Sept' ~tero'. ,c Dr.An DUYIONT,—i cannot, after my letter of Y - 3 - 1 j oSI F si rh su e, n bff better. ide':.:4t,thisr,eEutrdo— post to go without telling VOU that 61,' Ll 4 ., V il gnk n ,if o y: : :33 % . : s e y:: : y usl eroctikituieinern:dldaiele;tr:arsbilailytintn,eagralitirruo:::).tyioe:urit, fsaott),:tl:s: iiveturs::o,p;:, cmir 'f , , ver, my deal' Dumont, most affeetlonateli • " 0 ,4,r, 44 SANII.3F.I, 0:111 ,I0' 1 " able than the weather been, h:be DOVER N ' ' 1 oy• 0.."--Nothillg can be I ncle ' t ' ioe" an d coo it iv ir for the brave Army of Occupation tor e -vis ed 13 0 native shores. Twenty-one vessels a rri' ole , 5 n7: 7 11g t I l l : : ,° a i t if i l t re l eam 9 ' 91st Regim e nts, I c t i fl'l e g li : t tc :: l e l'e r i lidtas::bilia:nitibl tei lt ir°lli ; :g3gi;'9::: (: t i 11 1 I e a t li : ): Drivers :-143 hones were brought b i i is itlif t vc'sels- All the soldiers ere remokablY '; 10 0t l" and if the fine weather continues, we si v )B ran ce/ ten days have a man or a horse left i n .1. 0 0' m boatmen, Dueluog, or herwi,e Holy ells: .0 v ; 0 o f Ig o r ° . since wer ' e f e o x r ec "l it 'i e c t i l ' . cony, and this morninv has been sen t tci to sos vi o c ""ti" Lord ELLEtquotrouGH' 553°.39t;,e ilee,;(sle to the indictment tor the murder oft'-otne tits our G a ol yesterday 00 sospict tivodo,; T 11 e ---.lool'-- .505.11 tel. THE CoTToN SPINNERS A T IgA SC I ° . x pCe e bere in London, Brock and Gillia°4 titt ch ai e ays : le. t est e ir r talf;::let (1:1 1 ):'y: Courier, sit'eal: ' eicc:e .N 'l.:l o :: i .t) ig . :l; 2 :1 I . liple ; ‘fe''ll C: Irc}i ee: I:hste;lit're' ;:51 s e °: f e : 9 (I shc)::111 :( f rill e e: : :; The first arrival of British troll -bey c 5 re d g, small party, over Waterloo Bridg e o Or r , priate entry. ember l e lo 6 ,1 A letter from Dover, dated No er ve' p oLll took place yestertiall.,,,lvost tirP " Twenty-four tranNports fold n t 1(110°03 "if rived here this day from Calais, 1.1 "33, a o j .I '` iu safety 2000 troops of the 7 th : i iterY S regiments, with some Horse Mb ' Officers ~ S fr oi PUfji th e th e Both th . at day, at H ST Pant' the 1 Ti tie s i 4 get: l eave I () 01 114 0 ! ki ratta 11 411, of „ 1 i 4. i't it, ~,,I . 1 trh eil s zt Z„ es t, dr, Aql,