The Sun. — London, England, 1826-12-25 00:00:00

11 .~.,~, 4.-, • • i t sf x. 441 4 4 d~. //2 e"' oe ~. f~. e ,~'~+~ , 44 N‘s 06' .4 L.: noaxi. WHOLESALE LINEN FACTORS, AND MANCII6TER WAREHOUSEMEN, Corner of Batt street, Cornmereial-Road, Whitechap e l. JOHN LLOYD and Co. respect f u ll y i n f orm t h e Inhabitants. of the Commercial Road and its Vicinity, that they have determined, in consequence of the deprission of trade, and the difficulty of collecting their accounts from the Trade, to lay the whole of their Extensive and Valuable Stock before the Public, at such low Prices, that cannot fail to convince the most incredulous the great advantages ready money possesses. Their Customers will be supplied full Twenty per Cent. lower than Credit-shops can buy for, ready money being the only circulating medium in their Establishment, thereby saving the extra profit of Agenta and Commission Drapers. The follniVing curtailed List of Prices will enable the Public to judge of the extreme lowness of Charge : Irish Linen, beginning at 6id. 350 pieces of real Chintz, be- Russia Sheeting, 7itl. ginning at 6id. Brown Holland, 4id. Bed Ticks, sitl. Damask Table Linen, yard and Gros de Naples and Lutestring, `and half wide, Is. 6d. in every shade of colour, Linen Hacicaback, lid. from 2s. 64. Russia Towelling, 54d. Satins, all colours, 2e. 44. Suffolk Hemp, 60. Cloaks, 4a. 64. Town Prints, beginning at 4Ad. Rich Silk Shawls, 2 yds. wide An immense Stock of Stuffs, ss. 64. 6itl. An immense Stock of Lace, be -300 pair of 'Witney Blankets, ginning at id. per yard. I s. 9d. Lace Veils, 4s. 94. The largest Stock of Furnitures 500 dozen Swiss Handker in London. chiefs, 6id. COMMERCIAL-ROAD, WHITECHAPEL. GOOD AND CHEAP BOOTS AND SHOES, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. CAPTAINS, MERCHANTS, GENTLE- N-- 1 MEN connected with the SHIPPING INTERESTS, and the Ptiblic, at respectfully ioformed, that they moy bit, . plied with BOOTS and SHOES of superior quality at most re duced prices, which, for workmanship and material, are sot to be equalled by any establishment in London, at J. W. SNELL'S BOOT and SHOE WAREHOUSE, coansa or CANNON-STREET-ROAD, COMMERCIAL ROAD, WHITE- CHATS[.. I. W. S. submits the following List of Prices of Boots and Shoes, which he warrants to be town-made : Wellington Boots, from Walking Shoes 6 6 0 9 0 Dancing Pumps Dress Shoes 5 6 0 7 0 Blucher Shoes 8 0 0 10 6 Ditto. Boys' Ladies' Goloshed Boots Satinet ditto 4 6 0 5 6 —. House Shoes 0 2 6 -- Kid, Satinet, and Prnnelle 0 8 6 -- Walking Shoes, double soles ---- Coloured Kid __ _ lie feels assured that the articles purchased at big Manufactory only want a trial to prove their superiority over those generally sold at Retail Warehouses. *.* An extensive assortment of Dancing Shoes of every de ft:Option from 2s. 6d. to 41. per pain—Boys and Children's Shoes in great variety equally cheap. PATENT HARPS.—SCHWIESO and Co., in returning thanks for the extensive patronage with which they have been honoured, are happy to inform the Nobility, Gentry, 'and Musical World in general, that they have just ob tained his Majesty's Royal Letters Patent for a new and brilliant IMPROVEMENT on the HARP. It has been ever a subject of complaint, and the Makers' attention strongly directed to re move, those unpleasing jars to which Harps have always been found subject-_a desideratum, however, till now, unaccomplish• ed. Schwieso and Co.'s Patent will be found effectually to teinedy this defect, giving a fullness and richness of tone to the Instrument hitherto unknown, as well also as facilitating very considerably the movement of the Pedals. They will be happy to give proof of this most interesting discovery to any Lady or .clentleman who will honour them with a call, at their Establish ment, R 63, Regent-street, where an extensive assortment of elegant and brilliant-toned liasps and Piano-fortes is constantly . en Sole sga- A great variety of Spanish Guitars on sale. 4 ' 4 , 4 ' Harps and Piano-fortes Lent on Hire ; Iloipun Strings of the first quality. TCLARK'S GENERAL OUTFITTING • WAREHOUSE. for the EAST sis.l -WEST INDIES and SOUTH AMERICA, EXETER 'CHANGE, STRAND. Officers, Cadets, and Writers going to India, and Gentlemen Proceeding to South America, or any other part of the Globe, will find in this Establishment the whole of their Military Ap pointments, Swords, Chacos, Sashes, Belts, Pistols, Sec. toge ther with a large and well-manufactured stock of Sea Cots, Couches, and Bedding; Cabin Wash .hand Tables, Chairs, and Lamps; Sea Chests, Mule and Bullock Trunks, and every other descrip tion of Travelling Equipage. AN ASSORTMILNT OF CANTEENS, ready fitted with the necessary requisites for India, and other tropical climates ; like wise a great variety of Silver and Plated Articles, Knives and Forks, suitable for families going abroad ; Military and Hinclos tennee Books, Maps, &c. A FASHIONABLE STOCK of Carriage, Curricle, Tandem, Phaeton, Stanhope ar.d Chaise HARNESS, with every descrip tion of Saddlery, Sc. Sec. for home use, East and 'West Indies, and South America, which merit inspection from their excellent quality. first style of workmanship, and moderate prices. All the Articles in this Establishment are warranted, and the excellent plan of fifty years standing is still strictly adhered to, of asking but one Ready Money Price, from which no abatement will be made. C - A --- BINET-M A K ERS' SOCIETY.- CHEAP-CABINET and UPHOLSTERY, at the LON DON REPOSITORY for the CABINET-MAKERS' SO CIETY, being the only real one now existing in London,- No. "11, earner of LEADENHALL-STREET, opposite Aldgate Pump, and which has been established upwards of Six years. ror Ready Money, and no Abatement. The Trustees and Committee respectfully inform the Nobility and Gentry, that they still conduct the above Establishment for the Benefit of industrious and ingenious Mechanics (who have large families), by offering their Manufactured Articles in the Cabinet Line of the best workmanship, and cheaper than by any House in London, no other profit being required than to satisfy the warehouse rent and incidental expences ; being satisfied with constant employment to enable them to support their families, the number of whom appear by the Books of the last Quarterly Meeting to be 148. From the great patronage the Committee have received, they are in hopes of increasing that number. The following Is a Specimen of the Low Prices asked ; all (lo ot " 1„ warranted :.. .E. s. d. i Five feet Mahogany Bedstead, four-post 4 10 0 Tent ditto 1 6 0 - - _Bordered Mattress to fit - 1 1 0 - Mahogany Drawers with solid ends - 3 li 0 night Mahogany Chairs - - 610 0 Mahogany Pembr o k e T a ble 2 0 0 Feather-Bed bee from dust and smell, from.. i .f s 2 1 ., 2 „ 00 to S 8 0 Drawing-room Sofa, to 7 7 0 Sofa Bed s t ea d Mahogany H - 3 6 o orae-Hair Sofa - - 610 A quantity o f P aper H ang i ngs for Bed, Din' ng s mill upward s Irw i . The Trade will Din it worth thei lg r rooms, a t near l y Half-price. attention. Muses Furniehed at a few days' notice, and Apartment* in a btf hours.—Gmxis packed free of expenoe except the matting. COAIMITTILE. T. Corder I J. Wilson .1. Carter T. Hasler IJ. Unett W. Waghurn THURNELL, Agent. J. HASLER, Secretary COLIIS, ASTHMAS, &e. iIItUTLER'S PECTORAL ELIXIR.-7-Expe rienee during a very long period has incontestibly proved the supeilOr efficacy of thi s Medicine, in all cases of Cotns, Couans, and ASTHMATIC ArriccrtoNs. By promoting gentle expectora tion, it very shortly relieves the Patient of a slight or recent Cold, and a few doses are generally sufficient to remove these which neglect has rendered more confirmed and obstinate, and which are secompenied with Cough, Spitting of Blood, and other serious symptoms. Its peculiar balsamic powers tend to heal soreness, and allay the irritation of the lungs, in cases of Cough ; awl in Astlimatie Af f ections it assists and gives freedom to the Breath. Sold in Bottles , at Is. lid. an d 2e. 9,1., by Butlers, Chemi s t s , and Bo Cheapside, corner St. Paul's ; 73, P r i nc e's -street, Edinburgh ; 54, Saekvillo-street, D u bli n ; Savory and Co., 136, New nd-street ; Willmott, 83, High-street, Borough; and the prin. Medicine Venders in the United Kingdom. Of whom may be had BUTLER'S BALSAMIC LOZENGES, used in recent Conous, Iloaxermtss, &e., and for rendering the Vows Clear, t!d irs -Flaxible, sad Protecting its organs from the effects ofexertion. stattessat lsaitk. and 2s. 9d. ' N 'ti• Be careful to ask for BUTLER'S PECTORAL ELIXIR. // / --- 7 . 1 -1 .......' - , / i t --..._ No. 10,699 11 116. ~„... ~..„. . c PRICE 7D. MONDAY EVENING, DECEP•IBER 25, 1826 T HE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. LXIX. will be published on the 28th instant. Printed for John Murray, Albemarle-street. DEFENCE OF PORTUGAL—Priee Ss. A CORRECTED REPORT oft& SPEECHES ZS. of the Right Ron. GEORGE CANNING, in the House of Commons, on the King's Message, on Tuesday the 12th inst. Printed for James Ridgway, 169, Piccadilly. UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE. Oxvoftn, Drt.. 28.—0 n Monday the 16th inst., being the hot day of Michieltnas Term, the nomination of John Williams, 141,A. Student of Christ Church, to be one of the Masters of the Schools, was spproved of in Convocation. Rev. George Taylor, M.A. of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, and Master of Denham School, was incorporated as a Member of St. John's College. On the aani e day the following Degree' were conferred BACHELORS IN Divisrm—Rev. J. T. Lys, Fellow of Exeter. Afasuits OF A/M....41 4 M C. Rawlins, Grand Compounder; Rev. J. Gladstone, Brasennose; Rev. F. Urquhart, ditto ; Rev. J. Langley, Magdalen Hall. BACHELORS OF ARMS.—F. H. Tompson, Queen's ;IL J. Buekell, Michel Fellow of Queen's ; W. R. Eigg, Queen's ; H. Wrightson, Queen's; G. 'Wood, Lord Crewe's Exhibitioner of Lin coln ; L. B. Wither, Oriel ;. J. Wordsworth, New College; E. Siiums, Wadham; D. S. AiteikJeham, Baliol ; F. B. Woodward, ditto; F. Eyre, St .104111 F. Pym, Worcester; J. Crosse, Exetc. i;. Yesterday the Rev. ibeopbilus Biddulph, M.A. was admitted a Probationary Fellow of Corpus Christi College. The Rev. T. Foster, M.A. of New College, and Vicar of Cali sington, is appointed a Surrogate for granting Marriage Licenses, proving Wills, 8•c. ECCLESIASTICAL PREFERMENTS. The Lord Bishop of London has been pleased to present the Rev. Francis Thomas Atwood, M.A. of Trinity College, Cam. bridge, to the perpetual Curacy of the populous and extensive hamlet of Hammersmith, near London. The Rev. J. Hodges, Vicar of Twyford, to the Rectory of Chilcomb, Hants, vacant by the decease of the Rev. Mr. Gordon. The Rey. Wm. Bennett, Rector of St. George's, Canterbury, presented by the Dean and Chapter to the Vicarage of Milton, Kent, void by the death of the Rev. J. Yeatcs. The Rev. Samuel Blackball, B.D. Rector of North Cad bury, and late Tutor of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, is collat ed by the Lord Bishop of the diocese to a Prebend in Well► Cathedral. The Lord Bishop of St. David's has instituted the Rev. E. Pendrill, Curate of Killabtyll, to the Perpetual Curacy of Lien guick, Glamorganshire, on the presentation of Mrs. Bassett, va cant by the resignation of the Rev. T. Gronow. BOLIVAR. ADDRESS OF MINERAL BOLIVAR TO 'MX CONSTITUENT CONGRESS Or BOLIVIA, ACCOUTANTING VIZ ELAN Or A CONSTITUTION FOR THE GOVF,RNMENT OF THAT STATE. Legislators I---On presenting you with a plan of a con stitution for Bolivia, I feel myself overwhelmed with con fusion and timidity, from a persuasion of my unfitness for the task. When I reflect that the wisdom of ages is not sufficient to draw up one fundamental law which is perfect, and that the most enlightened legislator is the immediate cause of human misery, and a mockery, as it were, of his divine mission, what am I to say of the soldier who, born amongst slaves, and buried in the deserts of his country, has seen nothing but captives in chains, and brethren with arms in their hands to break them ? I a legislator I Your mistake and my engagement'dispute the preference; I can not say who suffers most in this dreadful alternative—you, from the evils you must apprehend from the laws you have asked of me, or I, from the disgrace to which your con fidence condemns me. L I !MVP glade every .0: —. ter the matter of triverning free men according to the prin. ciples adopted amongst civilized nations, although the ler. sans of experience only present long series of disasters, in. terruptcd by occasional gleams of good fortune. What guides arc we to follow through the gloom of such sorrow ful...examples ? Legislators, your duties call upon you to resist the shocks of two powerful enemies which are constantly contending with each other, and both will attack you at once ; tyranny and anarchy form an immense ocean of oppression, which surrounds a small island of liberty, perpetually struggling against the violence of the waves and hurricanes incessantly threatening to bury her in the deep. This is the sea in which your frail bark has to navigate, and whose pilot is so inexperienced. The plan of a constitution for Bolivia is divided into four political powers ; one more having been added, with out complicating the principal division of each of the others. The electoral power has received . attributions which were not given to it in other Governments ' gene rally considered to b e most lib era l. These attributions very much resemble those of the Federal System. It has appeared not only prudent and useful, but likewise easy, to give to the immedi ate representat i ves o f t h e peop l e, the privileges which would be most coveted by the citizens of each department, its provinces and cantons. No object is of more importance to a citizen than the election of his legislators, magistrates, judges, and pastors. The electoral colleges of every province represent its wants end inte rests ; and are the organs of complaint for infraction of the laws, and for abuses of the magistrates. I may venture to say with some foundation, that this branch partakes of the rights enjoyed by the Government of the States of the Federal System. In this way a new weight has been placed in the balance against the ex,ecutive power; and the Government has acquired fresh guarantees, more popu larity, and additional claims to rank among those which are most distinguished for their democratic principles. Every ten citizens name en elector; the nation is thus represented by the tenth part of its citizens. Nothing is required but capacity, even property is not necessary, to exercise the august functions of sovereignty; but he must know how to write his vote, sign his name, and read the laws. Ile must profess some science or an art, by which he can secure an honest livelihood. None are excluded but those who are vicious, idle, and grossly ignorant. Knowledge and honesty, not money, are what is required for the exercise of the rights of the people. The Legislative Body is so compo se d t h at i t must ne cessarily harmonize amongst its different parts ; it will never be found divided for want of a judge to arbitrate, as frequently occurs where there are only two chambers. There being here three, the difference between two is de cided by the third; the question is examined by two con tending parties, and another impartial one who decides it; in this way no useful law is put aside, or, at all events, it will have been discussed once, twice, or three times, before it be rejected. In all affairs between two adverse parties a third is chosen to decide, and would it not be absurd not to adopt a measure dictated by . imperious necessity, in the most important interests of society The Chambers will thus prclerve towards each other those considerations which aro indispensable to the conservation of the union of the whole, who ought to deliberate in the silence of the passions, in the calmness of wisdom. Modern Congresses, it will be said, have been composed of only two bodies. It is becaus e in England, which has bee n t h e i r mo d e l, th e nobility and the people ought td be represented in two chambers; and if in North America they (lid the same, although they had not nobility, it is probable that habits derived from their living . under the Briti s h G over nment induced them to imitate it. The fact is, that two deli berating bodies must be in a continual state of contention; on this account Sieyes proposed that there should be only one—strange absurdity ! The first Chamber is that of Tribunes; they have the right of proposing all laws relative to finance, peace and war. This body has immediate inspection over those branches administered by the executive with least inter ference on the part of the legislature. The senators have the formation of the codes and eccle siastical regulations; they wittch over the administration of justice and over public worship. The senate chooses the prefects, judges of districts, governors, correjidors, and all other persons filling subordinate situations in the courts of justice. It proposes to the Chamber of Censors the members of the high court of archbishops, bishops, pre bends, &c. Whatever has relation to religion and the laws is under the superintendence of the senate. The censors exercise a political and moral authority, which has soma resemblance to that of the Areopagus of Athens and of the Censors of Rome. They are, as it were, the fiscals of the nation against the Government, to watch over the religious observance of the constitution and public treaties. I have placed under their protection the national jury, which is to decide on the good or bad administration of the executive. The censors are the protectors of public morals, the sciences, and arts, public instruction, and the press. The 'censors exercise the most terrible as well as the most en gust functions. They condemn to eternal opprobrium the usurpers of sovereignty and illustrious criminals. They grant public honours to the services and virtues of illus trious citizens. The appreciation of glory has been con fided to their hands ; the censors ought, therefore, to be of unsullied innocence and unspotted life. If they err, they shall be accused evenlor trifling faults. To these priests of the laws have been confided the custody of our sacred tables; for they it is who are to prevent their profanation. The President of the Republic, in our constitution be comes as the sun which, immoveable in the centre, gives life to the universe. This supreme authority sdould be per petual, because in those forms of society where hereditary rank is unknown, a fixed point, around which magistrates and citizens, men and things, should revolve, is required more than in others. " Gi ve me a p l ace to stand upon," said one of the ancients, " and I will move the world." In Bolivia this point is the president for life. Upon him depends all the regularity of our system, without on that account his possessing any active interference. He has been deprived of his head that his intentions may not excite alarm, and his hands have been tied that he may injure no one. The President of Bolivia possesses some of the powers given to the executive in the United States, but under re strictions favourable to the people. His continuance in power is the same as that of the President of Hayti. 1 have taken for Bolivia the executive of the most democratic republic in the world. The island of Hayti (you will forgive me thus digressing from my subject) was in a continual state of disturbance; after having tried an emperor, a king, a republic, all known forms of government, and others beside, she was forced to have recourse to the illustrious Petion for her salvation. They placed their confidence in him, and the destiny of Hayti was no longer subject to vacillation. On Petion being chosen president for life, with power to choose his successor, neither the death of this great man, nor the suc cession of the new President, have .jaused the least com motion in the state; every thing has gone on under the distinguished Boyer with the tranquillity of a legitimate monarchy—a triumphal proof that ft president for life, with the power of naming his successor, is the most admirable feature in a renublisaß system. Lesluent o ohm will be less dangerous than that of Hayti, the made of succession being more secure for the welfare of the state. Besides, the President of Bolivia is deprived of all influence; he neither appoints the magistracy, nor the judges, nor to ecclesiastical offices, however subordinate that may be. This deprivation of power has never yet taken place in any well-constituted Government ; it adds obstacle to obstacle in the way of the authority of a chief, who will always find the whole people under the influence of those who exercise the most important functions in society. The priesthood has the control over the consciences of the citizens, the judges over their property, their honour, and their life, and the ma gistrscy over the public acts of the nation. Being indebted to the people for their dignity, their glory, and their fortune, the President cannot hope to engage them in his ambitious designs. If to this consideration we add that which arises from the constant opposition a democratic Government meets with at every step of its administration, it appears not unreasonable to suppose that the usurpation of the rights of the people is less likely to occur in this Govern ment than in any other. Legislators, henceforward liberty will be indestructible in America. Observe the uncultivated aspect of this con tinent, which alone expels the idea of a monarchical form of Government : its deserts invite us to independence. Here there is no high nobility, no high church dignities. Our wealth was almost nothing, and at present it is even less. Although the church possesses influence, it is far from aspiring to dominion, satisfied with its own preserva tion. Withourthis assistance, tyranny can never be per manent; and if some ambitious characters exert themselves to raise empires, the example of Dessalines, Christophe, and Iturbide tells them what awaits them. There is no power so difficult to maintain as that of a new dynasty. Buonaparte, the conqueror of all that opposed him, was not able to overturn this rule, stronger even than empires. And if the great Napoleon was not able to hold up against the league of republicans and aristocrats, who could found monarchies in America, on a soil illuminated with the bril liant flame of liberty, which consumes the materials of which those royal Scaffolds are to be constructed ? No, legisla tors, do not fear pret en d ers to t h e C rown ; i t would be on their heads like the sword hanging over Dionysius. Those founders of modern dynasties, who are blind enough to construct thrones on the ruins of liberty, will raise tombs to their ashes, which will inform future generations how they preferred their insane ambition to liberty and glory. The Constitutional authority of the President of Bo livia is the most restricted of any that is known ; he only names those employed in the departments of finance, of peace and Iva; he commands the army. This is the ex tent of his powers. The administration is entirely given to the Ministry, who are responsible to the censors, and object to the jealous vigilance of all the members of the Legislature, the ma gistrates, judges, and citizens. The Custom-house officers and the soldiery, the only agents of this Ministry, are not, indeed, the most likely to engage popular favour on their side; their influence, therefore, will be nothing. The Vice-President is the Magistrate most fettered by restraints that ever held command; he obeys conjointly the Legislature and the Executive of a Republican Govern ment. From the former he receives laws ; from the lat ter orders; and between these two barriers he has to pro ceed in a path beset with difficulties and surrounded by precipices. Notwithstanding these inconveniences, t o govern thus is preferable to absolute power. These con stitutional barriers strengthen his political conscience, and afford him well-grounded hopes of meeting with a light to guide him among the rocks by which he is surrounded; they act as a support against the assaults of our passions in consort with the self-interest of others. In the Government of the United States it has been latterly the practice to choose the Prime Minister to suc ceed the President. Nothing is so judicious in a RePoblie as this; it has the advantage of placing at the head of the administration a person experienced in the affairiof Go vernment. When he enters upon the exercise of his ' functions, he goes prepared, and carries with him the breeze of popularity and a practical knowledge of business. I have taken advantage of this idea, and Ihave established it as a law. The President of the Republic appoints the Vice-Presi dent, that he may govern the state, and succeed him in the command. By this means, the period of elections is avoided, which is productive of that • great scourge to re publics—anarchy, the luxury -of tyranny, 'end the most dreadful as well as mostimmediate danger which threatens popular Governments. By this- means also this dreaded crisis passes over in Republici the 'same as in legitimate monarchies. The Vice-President must be a man of consummate in tegrity : for if the first magistrate does not *sleet an up right citizen, he must fear him as his most dangerous ene i my, and be i n constant susp i c i on of his ambition s designs. The Vice-President must endeavour to deserve by his set. vices that confidence which is necessary to enable him to carry into effect the duties of his office, and to hope to ob. taro his great reward from th e nation--the supi•eme. coin mend. The Legislative Body and the people will exact capacity and talents from this magistrate; and will requite/ his blind obedience to the laws of liberty. Hereditary succession is what principally tends to per petuate monarchical institutions, and makes them so gene. ral throughout the world; how much more advantageous is the order of succession I have proposed for the Vice- President ? If the heirs of princes were chosen by, their merits, and not by change; and instead of remai n i ng i n inactivity and ignoranclt they were placed at the head of the administration, they would do u btl ess b ecome more en lightened monarch s , . and would be th e d e li g h t of their sub jects. Yes, l eg i s l a tors, those monarchical institutions which govern the world, found their claims to'sipprobstion on the order of hereditary succession which makes them stable, and on union which makes them strong. For this it is, that althoug h a soverei gn p r i nce i s a spoiled child, sh u t u p i n his palace, educated by flattery, and a victim to his passions; this prince, whom I will venture to call the laughing-stock of mankind, governs a portion of his fellow-creatures, because he preserves order in the state of things, and subordination among his subject, by the immutability of his power and the steadiness of his policy. Consider, legislators, that these great advantages are united in a president for life and an hereditary Vice. President. The Judicial Power which I propose it most completely independent ; no where is it so much so. The people present the candidates, and the Legislature chooses those who are to fill the seat of justice. Unless the judges de rive their origin from the people, it is impossible to, pre serve in all its purity this safeguard to the rights of indi viduals. These rights it is, legislators, which constitute liberty, equality, security, all the guarantees of social life: The truly free constitution is written in civil and criminal codes ; and the tyranny most to be dreaded is that exer cised by the tribunals in the name of the laws. Generally, the Executive is but the depositor of the common weal; but the tribunals are the arbitrators of what is our own, of the property of individuals. The judicial power is the measure of the prosperity or misery of the,people ; and it there be liberty, if there be justice in the Republic, it is distributed by it. The political organization, provided the civil be perfect, is sometimes of little consequence ; let the laws be religiously fulfilled ; let them be as in exorable as fate, According to the opinions of the day, we of enures have prohibited the rack and extorted confessions; we have also cut off the prolongation of law suits in the in tricate labyrinth of appeals. The territory of the Republic is governed by Prefeets, GoveKnors, Correjidors, Judges of the Peace, and Mad den. My limits have not allowed me to enter into a de tail of their organization and of the extent to be given to the jurisdiction of each; it is, however, my duty to pre sent to the Congress some regulations concerning the government of the departments and provinces. Beer in Militi b ir,;_chkeretiat'tli-Ine weitare of these d e p en d s t h e felicity of the State. You can never pay too much atten tion to the)zood governme n t o f t h e d epartments. This point is of the utmost importance in the science of legis lation; it is notwithstanding, too much overlooked. The armed force has been divided into four parte—the troops of the line, the navy, the national militia, and the military corps of custom-house-officers. The duty of the troops of the line is to defend the homier. God forbid that they should turn their arms against their fellow-eiti zens. The national militia is sufficient to preserve internal tranquillity. Bolivia does not possess an extensive coast; a navy, therefore, would be useless; some day, notwith standing, we may have b o th one and the other. A corps of custom-house officers, under military discipline, is in every respect preferable to simple custom-house officers; this service is more immoral than superfluous; it is, therefore, the interest of the Republic to guard its frontiers with troops of the line, and with troops of custom-house officers, against the machinations of fraud. - 1 have proposed that the constitution of Bolivia should be reformed at certain periods, according to the movements of the intellectual world. The steps to be followed in the introduction of reforms have been laid down as I have thought most advisable. The responsibility of persons in public situations is laid down in the constitution of Bolivia in the most explicit terms. With responsibility, without restraint, the State becomes a chaos. I venture to urge strongly the members of the Legislature to puss the strictest and most definite laws upon this important subject. Every one talks about responsibility, and there it ends. There is no responsibi lity, legislators : the Magistrates, Judges, and public Of ficers abuse their authority because the agents of the .00- vernment are not under rigorous restraint, and the people in the mean time, are the victims. I would recommend the passing of a law which should direct every person em ployed under Government to give annually eireeeount of his conduct. The most complete guarantees have been established ; civil liberty is the only true liberty; the rest ire merely nominal, or have but little influence on the condition of the people. Personal security, which is the object of man's entering into society, and fr om w hi c h the others emanate, has been guaranteed. With respect to that of property, it will depend upon the civil code, to the composition of which you ought immediately to dedicate your talents; for the benefit of your fellow-citizens. I have preserved intact the law of laws—equality ; without it all our guarantees, all our rights are null. to it we must sacrifice every thing. At its shrine I have immolated the infamous laws of slavery. • " Legislators I Slavery i s an i n f raction of every law,' The law which rec ogn i ze d it would b e most sacrilegious., What right can be alle ge d f or i ts continuance ? Look the crime in every point o f v i ew, mid lam satis fi ed, there is no one inhabitant of Bolivia so depraved as to pretend to justify this most scandalous violation of the dignity of man. One man to be owned by another i A man to be. come property ! God's image put to the yoke like a b e ast! Tell me, where is to be found a defence of these usurpers of man ? Guinea cannot furnish it, for Africa, laid Waste by fratricide, only presents a field of crime. The remains of those African tribes having been transplanted here, what p ower can sanction the right of, property over these victims 1 To transmit, to prolong, to e t erna l ize t hi s crime, m i ng l e d with torments, is an outrage revoking to our nature. To found a right to poesession u p on t h e mos t savage delinquency, could never be imagined with out overturning every element of justice, Without the most doterrnitied perversion of every idea of our duties. No one ran destroy the sacred doctrine of equality: and can slavery exist where equality is proclaimed ? Suck emit's dictions would be taken as evidence of our want of sense, rather than of justice; we should be considered snore as madmen than as robbers. If there did not exist a God, the protector of innocence and liberty, I would prefer the condition of the lion, rang. ing uncontrolled the desert and the forest, to that of a captive at the mercy of a mean tyrant, who, an accomplice of his crimes, will provoke the anger of Heaven hut no; God has destined man for freedom; he protects him, that he may exercise the heavenly gift of free will. ' i.. 1.4,,, , ,,Z4,,,Wrs f il f ~,, , 117 E,. ., 2, .e t ., ~.„‘ -0--r--_ , ,, , . „ti., YiL'lr L e-., ~...i.gf. - i -._ o ..4.0400 1 ' ifr , ' ;Ike '-, '4 l V.',.. AttllA". , •?1, :' I I , . 11 ,I, • ' '''' "' ‘ 4 ,' r , t . - , '''. ~ 7 •-14 ~ . .A di umw: --- i ' .1.1; _ ti. fr'• %4. 4 4 , .„,t• — • ~ k t, - ' 4"'"l g t i, If S r 'VP 1 y. , ",,.... 0 , • Ir, ~., .a.. ! „...,..... , ... .4 I ' I ) , Jl.ll l ll4ftg eo '', - ilt4 o.iii'' ' ,TOAD -It 0 4 d r liti It .'. THE ESCURIAL. The Escurial, 12 miles North West from Madrid, is famous for anoble monastery and a stately church, in honour of St. Lawrence, on whose day the Spaniards beat the French at St. Quentin. There are 200 friars of the order of St. Jerome in it, under a Prior named by.the King, and a. College for young students. It is avast exten4 tin& reckoned' one dale most magnifi cent structures in the world; it has 17 cloisters, 22 courts, 11,000 windows; cost above millions, and 30 was 21 years building. There is a chapel with a sepulchre for the Kings and Queens, called the Pan theon, because fashioned like that at Rome. The form of the whole structure is a large square, each side of which is 2,630 feet long, with a fine tower at each corner. The greatest part of the architecture is of the Doric order, with some of lonic, Corinthian, Composite, and Tuscan. It is divided into four lesser squares, with four gates each ; the chief entrance is through these gates, with the statue of St. Lawrence and the arms of Spain over them. The front of the inner court has six pillars of the Doric order, 68 feet high, with pedestals, and upon them the statues of King David, Solomon, .Josias, Hezekias, Jehoshaphat, and Manasses, with gilt crowns and -sceptres of brass, and inscriptions under each, pointing at their chief actions. There are five arches 28 feet high and 14 broad, to enter the church, which is 364 feet long, 230 broad, and 330 high to the cross at the top of the cupola. The architecture is Doric ; it has six aisles, illuminated with vast numbers of large silver lamps, 21 noble arches, 50 large windows, 39 galleries with silk curtains, 12 chapels with noble cresses of jasper over them ;40 altars in their peculiar chapels. The middle aisle has 14 large balconies ; the grand chapel is 20 feet long, 50 broad, and 400 high, and rises from the middle aisle by 12 steps of the finest jasper, 50 feet long ; the entrance is by two doors of jasper; the floor is of the same, and it has many columns of the best polished jasper, of four sorts of architecture, and the bases and capitals of gilt brass : in one of the pillars is the box where the host is kept ; the box is round, 16 feet high, 7i feet in diameter, and sup ported by eight columns of diaspare of the colours of the rainbow ; the workmanship cost 8,000 ducats ; over this box are the statues of the twelve apostles. There are ten steps of jasper up to the altar, and round it brass statues of several Kings of elialiter is &mutated- with curious painting*. Bini, they keep many reliques, with 550 pieces of chalices of gold, silver, and chrystal. In the middle of the aisle lies the choir fronting the chapel ; it is 96 feet long, 50 broad, curiously painted and illuminated ; it has two orders of seats of precious wood finely carved, and on each side an organ with cross galleries ; there are six other organs in the church, one of them of silver. The Sacristy is 108 feet long, and 30 broad, and painted with the sacred history, by the best masters. The descent into the Pantheon is by fine marble steps ; the entrance is by a gate of gilt brass, with the Austrian Arms over it, cut in precious stones, and richly gilt, betwixt two gilt brass statues, one represents the fall of man, and the other the resurrection. The sepulchre is octagonal, within lined with curious marble, and has urns Of grey marble for the royal corps, sup ported by lions' paws of gilt brass, and an oval figure of the same metal, with the person's name in black letters. An altar of black marble, with curious orna ments of the finest porphyry, and columns on each of green marble, with brass bases and capitals guilt. T P antheon is enlightened by a cur i ous b ranc h, an d the floor of fine marble, wrought into figures of stars. The Convent has five cloisters, the largest of them 800 feet square, finely painted with the history of our Saviour's life, death, resurrection, and ascension. The old chapel has excellent paintings and many re liquei. In the Refectory there is a picture of our Lord's Supper, brought from England during our Charles the Second's exile, and pawned for 15,000/. sterling. In the Palace there is little of note but the paint ings and library, which is a noble structure, 200 feet long, and 36 broad ; the stalls for the books are of cedar and other precious wood ; it has seven pillars of the Doric order ; the floor is of white and grey marble, and the ceiling painted with the arts and sciences, and the most celebrated authors, with the best masters. In the middle of the room are tables of jasper, marble, and porphyry, with globes and spheres. Here are an cient medals, fine pictures, and manuscripts, as they say, by St. Austin and St. Chrysostoni. The gardens, parks, walls, walks, and ground belonging to thi s stu pendous fabric, are reckoned thirty-six leagues round. To give an additional flavour to brandy, the Swedes mix aniseed with it, which, though suited to their taste, gives it to the palate of other. a mawkish disagreeable twang, scarcely to he conceived. BIGAMY. -..The following complicated case of bigamy which has just transpired, almost rivals the celebrated affair of Mr. Tallest Jarvis 3-1 m the year 1800 a worn an of the name of 11111 was married in this city to a man named hes, with whom she con tinued to cohabit for some time; but in 1607, her first husband being s till living, and blooming blunder, with Mrs. Jess again presented herself at the hymeneal altar u a young of the name of Cope. The intriguing parties , however, appear to a recruiting sergeant have b een discovered and the ceremony actually stopped in the church, es although ' their natues are entered in the book, the clergyman's signature' &c. are not affixed. Mrs. Jess afterwards went to London, where she formed another acquaintance of the tender kind, and Wuodford. Mr. W. , however, having rec eived anon y mo u s In. in 1815 b eca M e the loving spouse of a Mr. formation of the nature of Mrs. W.'s former connexions, considered all engagements between himself AM her at an end, and thereon. married another woman, with wh om he is now respectably settled at some distanc e f rom L ondon, and Mrs. Jess, alias C°Pe' alias Woodford, ret urne d to the embraces of her second love, the amorous and gallant r ecru i t i ng sergeant. She did not forget, however , to apply for a maintenance to Mr. 'Woodford, who of course rejectedany longer wtth her hu s b an d t ill h e had satisfactorily prove d the application, and the pr esent M rs. W. having refuse d to resi d e that the femal e in quest i on was not his wife, Mr. W. has ascertained that both J ets an d C ope are still living, so that he is entirely re lieved from the matrimonial claims of this very constant and hus band-loving darnsel.—Buth Herald.