The Sun. — London, England, 1864-11-01 00:00:00

AMERICA, THE C. (From the Times' &eclat Correspondent) NEW YORK, Oct. 18. able scheme of Federal Government, and keep it in unison with the liberty of populations, rendered di verse by the operations of climate and of natural or social laws, as well as by commercial interest. The opponents of State rights are not, however, to be convinced. They ask triumphantly whether, if the right of concession were conceded, the little com monwealth of Rhode Island—not much larger than the English county of Kent—might not if disposed withdraw from the Union, set up a separate na. tionality, resume her allegiance to the British Crown, or otherwise dispose of herself ? As the answer is in the negative, they think the whole question of State right is decided and exploded. But the anti-State right argument is a misconcep. tion of the facts. The Union was politically no more than an agreement for mutual defence against ex ternal enemies. For internal purposes it was in tended to be a practical nullity, and if to the Central Government, which it was the design of the founders of American liberty to render as purely nominal and as little felt as possible were conceded certain rights and privileges in the matters of the Post-office, the Mint and the Customs, it was solely for the general convenience and considerations of economy. The Northern people forgot this, or remembering it ena deavoured to reform or revolutionise the Constitution by bringing domestic matters, notably slavery, tinder the action of the Central Government. If the South had seceded from the Union because it pre• ferred to adopt that course rather than take part by men or money in the defence of the Federation against a foreign aggressor, its perfidy would have warranted the execration of its Northern co-part. ners and the contempt of the world. But in seceding because for thirty years the North had made per sistent efforts to interfere with matters exclusively reserved by solemn agreement to the action of the several States, each in its sovereign and never-abdi cated capacity, the question of secession assumed a different shape. The North, and not the South, was false to the agreement of union and to the principles of liberty consecrated by the Constitu■ tion, a docament drawn up and accepted by all the States at a time when the North held slaves as well as the South, and when not only slavery, but the slave trade, was recognised by the high contracting parties. Of course, if only one little State had exercised its right of secession in 1860-1 its action would have been unfortunate if not ridiculous. To be in a minority of one, even when you are right, is not pleasant, and more unpleasant in proportion to the value and sanctity of the principle involved. But when the minority on a question of vital importance is almost as strong as the majority, and hopes to overcome that majority by argument in the first place, and if that be impossible, to try what can be done by force, all questions of written argument or abstract right cease to be of any value. This is what occurs in all revolutions. It was the question to be decided between George 111. and the Thirteen Colonies. It is the question that has to be decided between North and South. If the Northern Americans were a wise and rational people, they would not have fired a shot in anger to compel the unwilling partnership of the South, but would have met in convention to decide whether, if the old Union had become dis tasteful, a new and better Union might not have been formed; and whether, although North and South were thenceforward to be two towards each other, they might not continue to bo ono against all the world besides. To this complexion things must ultimately come. The misery not only is that both parties should have sacrificed so many hun dreds of thousands of valuable lives, such countless treasure, and, worst of all, the liberties of this, and, too probably, of future generations, to bring about a mutual understanding —which wes quite pos sible without loss either of life or temper—but that in the inflation of Northern pride no end to the war can be foreseen, except the utter exhaustion of one or other of the combatants, or the division of councils in the Northern c %nap serious :enough to create a strong diversion in favour of the South. Mr Lincoln is powerless in the matter so long as the people clamour for war and are willing to pay for it in men and money. General Al'Clellan, if elected, would have as little power as his predeces sor. The war would have to go on, and prove the aword to be not only the last argument of kings, hnt of popular democracies. There would, however, be this diMrence in favour of kings, and especiallyof the king against,whose wishes the Americm Dt.noccracy rras enabled to take a place among the Powers of the earth—that kings are consistent in compelling the allegiance of their subjects if they can, and that Democratic Republics are false to liberty and to themselves in making war against their fellow-citi• zens on any political pretence whatever. Mr. Lin coln, in 1848, when he was an obscure politician, laid down in the following memorable words the doctrine, which his luckless stars have doomed him in later life to controvert with fire and blood : " Any people,' said he, in a speech in Congress, "and any where,being inclined and having the power, have the right to rise up and shake off their exist ing Government and form a new one that suits them better. Nor is this right confined to cases where the people of an existing Government may choose to exercise it. Any portion of such people that can may revolutionise, putting down a minority intermingled with or near about them who may oppose them." This is the doctrine of George Wash. ington and of Jefferson Davis, and might again be come the doctrine of Abraham Lincoln if the logic of fact were superadded to the logic of words. Gen. Beauregard or Gen. Hood has only to recapture Atlanta and defeat the army of Sherman, or Gen. Lee to drive Grant from Petersburg and the James —both of which events are possible, and some per sons think probable—t o justify revolution by the success which Mr Lincoln implies in the word "can'' and " having the power," and to authorise him in recognising the Southern right of establishing a new Government in 1864, as implicitly as he did in 1848. The sword alone can undo such a knot as that into which the American Union has twisted itself. There is no present chance for an armistice and a conven. tion of the States, or for any discussion of the prin ciples enunciated this week by Vice-President Ste. phens, and sixteen years ago by Mr Lincoln, unless it be found in a great Southern victory. Failing that the Chicago platform remains a dead letter, and the letter of Mr Stephens mere words and waste paper The failure of Grant's attempt to capture Rich. mond via Chapin's Farm, the absence of news from Gen. Sherman, and the undoubted activity shown by General Hood in Georgia, and the renewed im petus given to his movements by the presence of General Beauregard in his camp, have had such an effect upon the gold market as to alarm the Admi nistration for the results on the Presidential elec tion. The premium rose yesterday as high as 222, being an advance within a week of 231 per cent. This morning, although the tenour of the war news is not such as to inspire greater confidence in vic tory than was felt yesterday, the premium dropped to 20C—a fall of 16 per cent. This end appears to have been attained by the efforts of the Govern ment brokers to " bear" the market by offeringgold for sale in quantities far greater than the legiti. mate demands of commerce. The '' victories" which have recently done so much to improve the chances of Mr Lincoln have diminished so vastly in their importance, as their details and results have become better understood, that they are now found to be insufficient unless followed up rapidly by new and greater successes, to carry him into the Presidency by the triumphant majority which his supporters desire, They find that Grant takes a long time to consider his moves, and urge him to make another if not a final effort before the end of the present month. Grant is stated to be nothing loth, and to have an army sufficiently numerous to sacrifice a new batch of 10,000 men as the price of victory. He has already received, it is supposed, the final instructions of the President, and returned to his camp from Washington ten days ago. In the interval he has been visited by the Se cretary of War and the Secretary of the Treasury, both of whom have been with him since Saturday last, for what purpose is not known. The hint,how• ever, is given in the Ministerial journals that a new movement may be daily expected, the results of which cannot fail to inflict a heavy blow and great discouragement upon the rebels, even if they should not lead to the capture of Petersburg or Richmond. In Georgia the situation appears to be mach more critical, though it is not so easy in the absence of S n:thern news to verify the conflicting and ob. scare statements issued b; the War Department at Washington —all of them evidently coloured to suit the electioneering exigencies of the President rather than to convey correct information to the public. Great interest is felt in every circle to re cive authentic intelligence of the movements of the two armies. The Confederates, under Beauregard and Hood, evidently mean mischief against Chat tanooga or Atlanta—perhaps against both, and Sheridan is quite as evidently put to his mettle to hold his own in presence of the distinguished op ponent who has been sent by the Southern President to rescue Georgia from his grasp. In Missouri the news is altogether bad for the Federals. General S:irling Price and his coadjutors are carrying every thing before them, and scarcely meet with the show of opposition in any quarter. The great political excitement of the day is not, however, provided by the war news, but by the extraordinary attitude assumed by Mr Lincoln towards the deputation of the inhabitants of Tennessee, which yesterday waited upon him at Washington. The ohjsct of the deputation, headed by a Mr Lellyett, was to draw his attention to the attempt of Governor Andrew Johnson to impose an illegal and unconstitutional test oath upon every voter who should present himself at the polls on the 8h of November, and in the event of their refusal to take such oath to prevent them by miii tory force upon depositing their ballot. The ad dress, which was read to the President, contained nothing personelly disrespectful to the President or to the subordinate dicer of when complaint was made. Having heard it with apparent patience Mr Lincoln imputed bad faith to the deputation by asking how long it took Mr. Leilyett and tee New York politicians to concoct the docu ment—thus insinuating that it did not emanate from Tennessee. Mr Lellyett indignantly denied that it had been concocted in New York, or by New Yorkers, tut has Inon dsa.wa up in Nashville, the capital of Tennessee, and by citizens of Tennessee only. Mr Lincoln, as if he were a full-blown autocrat and Emperor, and not the elected servant of the sove reign people, liable to be dismissed by their displea sure, or retained if it suited their will and conve nience, replied emphatically, " I will answer that I expect to let the friends of George B. M'Clellan manage their side of the contest in their own way; and 1 will manage my side of it in my way." "Ma y I have that answer i n writing ?'' inquired Mr Lel lyett. "Not now," replied Mr Lincoln. " Lay those papers down here. I will give no other answer now. I may or I may not write something about this here after. I understand this. I know you intend to make a point of this. Bat go ahead ! You have my answer." Mr Lellyett, astonished, if not indignant, withdrew without further parley; wrote down the words while they were fresh in his memory, sub,. mitted them to Judge Mason, who was present at the interview, and that gentleman having vouched for their correctness and appended his signature in verification thereof, sent copies to all the New York journals. The publication has created a very bad impression. The Republican papers say nothing on the subject, but those in favour of Gen. M`Ciellan, knowing as well as Mr Lincoln that a point is to be made, not only of the remons:rance of the Ten neeseeana, but of the President's mode of treating it, are loud in their denunciations. Even Mr Lincoln's friends admit that he has made a mise take. Ha virtually confessed that he would sup, port Governor Johnson in carrying the election in the State of Tennessee by an illegal and unconsti tutional mode, and that he had made his mind to win, whatever might be the means employed or the consequences that might result. If Mr Lincoln had had the tact of a statesman he might have re ceived the document and taken time to reply, Mr Seward would have extricated him from the diffi culty, concocted a politic, a courteous, and a mean• ingless answer, which would have left him as free to manage the contest in his own way as if he had never spoken, and deprived the supporters of Gen. M'Ctellan of an advantage which they would be fools indeed if they did not push to the utmoet. The letter of the Southern ViceaPresident, Mr Alex. H. Stephens, in which he follows up the ac tion of the Chicago Convention by stating his con. viction that a convention of the States would lead to a termination of the war, has also excited, end still excites, considerable attention. The war party denounce the proposition both as futile and puerile. The peace party, on the other hand, eulogize it as that of a statesman, a patriot, and a philosopher, and declare that unless the Southern people are to ba utterly exterminated, root and branch, until not a white male be left in all the fertile region which they claim as their own, the time must come, when the sword will have to be laid aside, and some kind of negotiation commented. Mr Lincoln is doubtless, in his secret heart, as strongly of this opinion now as he was in March,lB6l, when in delivering his in augural address, he said, " Suppose you go to war. You cannot always fight. And when, after much loss on both sides, and no gain on either, you cease j fighting, the identical questions as to terms of inter course are upon you." For the purposes of his re election, and to meet the necessities personal, pecu niary, and political of the party which supports him, he may assert there has not been loss enou g h on both sides cr on either, and that there has been too much gain in his own, t o justify hi m i u with drawing the dispute from the bloody arbitrament of battle, and that, under the circumstances, no re source is left to him but to keep pegging away in the future as he has done in the past. Mr Stephens and the Chie.i t go Convention have reason and joss tice on their side. The liaicu was voluntary. it it ceased to be agreeable to half th© country and to one , third of the people, the true mode of prece.cd lag was to meet in convention and agree to separate without bloodshed, as Mr Seward declared in 1813, and as he again repeated in 1858, would be done, in vindication of the principles upon which the Federa tion was founded, and as a glorious illustration of the superiority of republican to monarchic .1 insti tutions. This is the doctrine of "State rights"—the only doctrine, as has been proved, that could impart vitality to the otherwise cumbrous end untnanagea Mr Roger B. Taney, the Chief Justice of the Su preme Court of the United States, and who had filled that office for 27 years, died a few days ago, in his 88th year, after a s hort illness. He retained the full possession of his mental and bodily facul ties, and his mind was clear and unclouded to the last, Since the accession of Mr Lincoln various efforts had been made to induce Mr Taney to resign, but he persistently declared that nothing but death should remove him from office, as long as Mr Lin coln or any other Republican chief magistrate was in power. It was supposed that ex-Secretary Chase was desirous of the position—the most influential as well as the most dignified that an American can fill, and the object of as much ambition in this country as the Lord Chancellorship is in England. It is probable that Mr. Lincoln, as a reward for the kind turn the ex-Secretary has rendered, in making stump speeches and writing letters in his favour, and being so generously forgetful of the ungracious mode in which he was dismissed from the Treasury, may tender him the appointment. - Mr. Chase is consi dered a sound jurist, and has high professional as well as personal and political claims to the seat. Mr. Taney was a pillar of the Democratic faith, a strong believer in the doctrine of State rights, and a conscientious opponent of the centralisation of the Government. Ile had no faith in the war as a means of restoring the Union, and looked with gloomy forebodings to the future. The following letter to a di stinguished member of the bar and 'legislature of Maryland, which has never yet been publi s h e d , and of whi c h the original now lies before me, s h ows now keenly he felt the anticipated ruin of his ccuntry : It was written in re ply to a congratula tory epistle on his birthday : " Washington, March 20, 1861 . My dear Sir received your very kind birthday letter to-day. When a man bas arrived at the age of 87 years ho wilt a l ways find th a t h e has outlived nearly all the contem poraries and friends of his early lite ; and it is then that he sensibly feels the assurances of regard from men whom he has known from their boyhood, and who belong to another generation. He perhaps h opes that their approbation of his life and official conduct is evidence of the judgment which impartial and enlightened posterity will pass upon it. I have not on:y outlived the friends and cot:alai:lions of my early life, but I fear I have outlived the Government of which they were so justly proud, and which has conferred so many blessings upon us. The times are dark with evil omen, and seem to grow darker every day, At my time of life I cannot expect to live long enough to see these evil days pass away. Yet I will indulge the hope that you who are so much younger will live to see order and law once more re. turn, and live long enough to enjoy its blessings. With since regard and respect, I am, your friend, To-, Esq., Baltimore. R. B. TANEY. This is both an eloquent and touching letter, and when it comes to be published in this country may perhaps cause some of the bitter fanatics who have already begun to assail his memory, to regret that they did not allow even the grave to silence their rancour against a political opponent, so eminent, so learned, so honest, and in all the relations of private as well as public life ro pure and unspotted as Roger Brooke Taney. of free trade had had upon British commerce and finances, The British Government had sent round to all the Governments copies of very valuable papers, published by the Board of Trade, abstracts of the commercial statistics of Great Britain, and which set the effect of free trade in a very striking light. At present, however, Germany was much divided. There was a Free Trade Association which had branches in the South, and in many other parts even in Austria. Free-trade views were represented in the Prussian Chambers and in the Lower House; and in the Upper House, which consisted of landed proprietors and the nobility, they were free.traders to a man. But the smaller States were opposed to free-trade, such as Hesse-Darmstadt, Nassau, and others; and the Government was not independent enough to act without deference to the commercial classes; the latter had such an influence that the most enlightened statesmen were not able to go against them. That explained the great difficulty which Bavaria, Wurtemburg, and Southern States had in adopting the reductions by the treaty with France. It was only at the very last moment fi aed by Prussia, two days before the Ist of October, that she got the consent of the other States to the mea. sure. The export duty on rags had been reduced from 9s. to 53. per centime—and to certain classes of this country this was a most important thing. The advantage of these questions of tariff being discussed now was, that the opinions of the Cham bers would be brought before a tribunal which met every three years, at which these questions were discussed, and recommendations made regarding alterations. Austria would by the new arrange moots lose the preference which she had hitherto enjoyed. He had heard that the Austrian states men talked very much of adopting the free-trade system and liberalising their tariff, and had ex pressed a wish for some practical men from the English Chambers of Committee to go over, in order to help them to carry out the free-trade policy. He was not very sanguine that anything would come of it. It was much to the interest of Russia to make some alterations in her tariff, in order to find better markets for her raw produce ; and as soon as the reconstruction of the Zallverein was completed negotiations were to be opened cfli cially with Russia. With regard to the trade marks there was a clause in the new arrangement by which piracy of them was guarded against, but the provision was only to extend to new marks counter. feited after the passing of the treaty—therefore, upon the face of it he considered it was rather illu sive. In conclusion, Mr Ward said that any resolu tions which the Chamber might adopt he would press upon the authorities. After Mr Ward's address some conversation took place upon matters of detail. Mr. G. A. EVERITT, of the Kingston Metal Works, complained of the injury sustained by English manufacturers, in con sequence of the Frency treaty subjecting brass and copper tubes to a much higher duty than was levied on the materials of which they were composed. Mr. ROBERT BARTLEET, of Redditch, exhibited a card of patterns used by a German maker of needles in which the goods were described as being made by Messrs. Bartleet and Sons, it being particularly added that none others than those his packets con tained were " genuine." In the course of subsequent discussion Mr. WAG NER was understood to hold the opinion that the Prussian law which regulated trade marks was good and cheap, but the experience of all the other gen. tlemen present seemed to be decidedly at variance with his account of it. It was stated by another member of the Chamber that, under the present practice, Prussia charges 30 dole, per cent on steel peas, but that, from the separate agreement between Austria and Prussia, they could be sent through the former country via France, at a charge of only 13 dole. Mr. WARD explained that Austria would, by the operation of the treaty lately effected between France and Prussia, lose the be,mfit of such a transit as this. Ai regarded the substitution of ad rolorem for specific duties charged by weight, Mr. Ward stated that there was no hopes of its being cdopted by the Germans, the prejudice among whom was very strong against such an alteration. The discutsion on these points having been brought to a conclusion, the following resolutions were moved by different members of the Chamber and unanimously passed : " 1. That this Chamber receives with great satis. faction the information that there wiil be a conside rzble reduction made i❑ the new tariff of the Ger man Customs Union in the duties on hardwares,and trusts that the attention of her Majesty's represen tatives will continue to be given to the subject, with the view of obtaining such further modification as will enable the productions of this neighbour hood to be more extensively introduced into the States of the Z)llvereio. " 2. That this Chamber is desirous of drawing the attention of the Government to the subject of trade marks, the piracy of which, so far as English manu facturers of established rcpute is concerned, is at present carried to such an extent by the German manufacturers that a most serious injury is done to the legitimate trade of England ; and that Govern ment shall request their representatives abroad to use their good offices with for e i gn P owers to adopt such measures as shall prevent th e continuance of a system i which th. is contrary to comm on j ust i ce an d good "3. That the best thanks of this Chamber be given to Mr Ward for his able address, and for the information affirded by him with reference to the s o o w l u l e t i d o g n i 2 n g the compliment new fiscal arrangements of the ZAlverein." thank e d the Cham ber for the favourable att ent i on which had been con :A t i a r in W ed Alt i p n ' t the la a s e t k re n given to his remarks, and assured them that there was a great increase of activity at the Foreign effice in regard to the treatment of matters relating to international commerce. He assured the Cham ber that there should be no relaxation of endeavour on his part to procure for English trade rs whatever advantages his position might enable him to pro% cure for them. Naval and Military Intelligence. The ironplated iron screw steamship Achilles, 20, Capt. E. W. Vansitt ar t , l e ft Sh eerness or the Nero o Wednes 25day, th Oct. 19, and arrived in Plymouth Sound on Tuesday, . During her passage down Channel she encountered severe weather, and took shelter in Torbay. This is her first trip at sea, and being one of an entirely new class of ships of large dimensions, 6,121 tons, and carrying four masts, her performance has been watched with considerable inte rest. Mr Moore, assistant master shipwright, and Mr Penny, superintendent of fittings, from Chatham dockyard, Mr Wigzell, of the firm of Messrs John Penn and Son, who supplied her engines, and Mr Robinson, from the depart ment of the Surveyor of th e Navy, were on board. The re results of the trip were not entirely satisfactory, but this re fers chiefly to the difference of speed at the contractor's trial and in the Channel. The officers speak well of her sea-going qualities, and all on board are hopeful that the cause of the loss of speed tinder steam On the 21st, by plunging Will be found out and remedied. during a severe gale, the Achilles carried away her jibboora and her whiskers (two stout spars projecting at right angles from either bow), She also took in several heavy seas at the bow ports, and it was in conse quence determined to run i n for Torbay. Hero she arrived on the 22d, and dropped her starboard anchor, but having drifted with her full broadside to the wind, the chain, 50 fathoms of which were out, broke, and recourse was then had to the port anchor. The vessel, however, was kept under steam all the time she continued in the roadstead. On Mon day the lost chain was fished up. On Tuesday morning, the 25th, in weighing the port anchor with the steam capstan, it snapped off near the junction of the shaft with the Hues, both of which were left bel ow . The diameter of the shafts of the anchors of the AQlilles is nearly the same from the ring to the flues. Formerly anchors were made with shafts increasing in their diameter as they approached the flues an arrangement which would strengthen what has proved to be the weakest part of this ship's broken anchor. The Achilles arrived at Plymouth at 3 30 p.m. on Tuesday, and having discharged her powder was assisted on Wed. nesday afternoon by the Medusa, Confiance, and Scotia into Haraeazl. The M. dusa, which has engines of 312 horse power, went purposely from Sheerness to be at her service. On Thursday the Achilles was placed in the south basin of Ke3 ham sto anyard, where the new hog for scouring the bottoms of iron ships was tested, under the superintendence of Mr Robinson, from the Admiralty, Whitehall, by the help of the ship's diver. This hog is an enormous brush of birchbroom, about five feet long by three feet broad, Its back consists of a frame of wood 16 inches thick, having round the edge a groevo, into which is inserted a rope with iron thimbles attached to each of its four sides, to receive the guides by which the hog is moved under water. The system is much practised at Malta. In the present instance the experiment was not considered very satisfactory. Some shellfish were brought up, but the hog could not detach thee?, which were on and near the lands, or projecting THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 1, 1864. strakes of the Achilles. On Saturday she was placed in dock No. 3, or the Queen's dock, recently lengthened to 430 ft. It will be recollected that the ship measures 380 ft from stem to stern, or 392 ft over all. Her draught aft was 26ft 3in, the depth of water in the dock was 28ft. Her en gines are of 1,250 horse power nominal, and at the con. tractor's trial were worked up to 5,067 horses, in the Chan nel 3,200 horse power only could be attained, the pressure of steam being occasionally 261 b, and the revolutions 40 per minute, against 46 on the trial. The speed first attained, and which at the time gave great satisfaction, was 141 knots, but during the passage to Plymouth, although an especial effort was used on one occasion, vary little over 10 knots was produced. Scotch and Welsh coals mixed were used. The trim of the ship, her great immersion, and the foulness of the bottom may account for the loss of from 2 to 3 knots, but what remains puzzles all concerned. After her repairs in dock the Achilles will be removed into Hamoaze, where several experiments will be made in reference to her line of flotation, centre of gravity, &c., under;the superintendence of Mr N, Barnaby, the second assist.-constructor at Whitehall. At the contractor's trial the ship was 15in. by the stern—her immersion now is 2ft more, and she has about 30,000 superficial feet under water. Soon after leav ing the Nore it was discovered that she was too much by the head, some of her weights were moved aft, and the coal in the fore bunkers was reduced as speedily as possible. The armament of her main deck is 16 100-pounders smooth-bore Armstrongs, weighing 61 tons each, snd on the upper deck four 110-pounders. On the passage, when going ahead, the screw revolved 73,500 times—when backing and performing other evolutions not accounted for it is calculated that the revolutions were 26,500, making a total of 100,000. The screw is considered very powerful. It was occasionally out of water to a small extent, but the " rest" was not great, because the screw is provided with four blades. The A chilies dipped very quickly. In a fresh gale there is little motion; but she did not answer so well in a rolling sea. She has been 10 months afloat, chiefly in the Medway, and it was expected that much weed and quantities of large shell-fish would have been found on her bottom. When she got into a rough sea large patches of barnacles were washed off—some were removed in Keyham basin by the hog, and as the water was pumped out c.f the dock the crew, as usual, cleaned her sides, but as soon as the dock was dry, and those parts untouched could be surveyed, it became apparent that no extensive fouling had occurred. There was comparatively no weed, but she was well studded with barnacles, upon rough patches of which muscles of no great size had here and there become attached ;:the starboard counter was the worst place. On the blades and boss of her brass screw many barnacles were quartered, and this would undoubtedly retard its revo lutions. The Achilles was paid over at Chatham with Mr Hay's composition, which was much rubbed off at her high water lines by the stages and floating factories alongside her for many months after she was undocked. The line of flotation was, of course, gradually raised as she received her engines, armament, &c. In addition to this, the several coatings of red lead applied previously, in November and December, were scarcely dry enough to receive varnishes without being further softened; but in other parts the composition adheres firmly, especially where it was placed directly on the iron. The bottom of the ship is, however, generally speaking, not much corroded. Green's composi tion is to be now applied. The crew of the Achilles, all told, would be about 755 men. On departure from Sheer ness she was 180 short of all descriptions ; since she has been at Plymouth she has obtained 160 men from the receiving ship, Canopus, 8, Captain Charles H. May, in Hamoaze. Out of 75 men engaged in the engi neer's department 61 only were effective in the stoke hole. During the height of the gale 27 stokers were unfit for work at one time, chiefly through sickness, occa sioned by her liveliness. Such an amount of prostration is very unusual, but may be accounted for chiefly by the fact that many of the stokers are unseasoned men. The ship is considered a great credit to the country, her frame appears to be perfectly firm, she did not give one inch in the dock, and the engines are in excellent condition. The fittings of the ship, which were executed at Chatham, are very satisfactory. The crew are a fine body of men, and well conducted. By recent Admiralty order a diver is appointed to every ironclad ship. In consequence of the limited pay these men are mere divers ; it would seem to be more econo mical to increase the pay and thus secure the services of a class of men capable of stopping a leak or performing other mechanical duties which might prevent the delay of a ship, or the necessity of incurring the cost of placing her in dock. Tho ironcased screw steamship Research, 4, Capt. Arthur Wilmshurst, from the Channel squadron, arrived in Ply. mouth Sound on Sunday afternoon. The Black Prince, the Prince Consort, and the Defence are expected there to morrow. The Dutch frigate Adolph Hertogvan Nassau, 50, 400 home power, Capt. T.Tlmberg, has been placed in the dock at Sheerness dockyard until recently occupied by the screw frigate Bristol, 39, 600 horse power, in order to make good defects and repair damages. The captain and the whole of the efficers of the frigate were entertained at dinner and a ball on Saturday, at the Admiralty-house, by Vice-Admiral Sir C. Talbot, commander in chief at the Nore, the ward room officers at the naval barracks having previously entertained them. On Thursday Capt. Ulmberg and the officers of the Dutch frigate will be the guests of Colonel TLiddoll, O. , end the ofgoore of tho ney-ef drtillovy. The Chesapeake, 39, 2,377 tons, 400 horse power, has been placed in No. 3 dock at Chatham, where she is to undergo a thorough repair preparatory to being brought forward for commission, 'this fine frigate was one of the last of her class built at Chatham dockyard, and for the last few years she has been lying idle in the hasbeur, attached to the third division of the Steam Reserve. Her engines and machinery have been taken cut and removed to the factory. The Chesapeake has been surveyed by the officials connected with the master shipwright's staff, who have ascertained that she will require extensive repairs, necessi ating her de tention in deck for a period extending over several months. The extensive alterations which have seen for some time is progress at the general hospital, Fort Pitt, Chatham, for the enlargement of that establishment by the erection of additional buildings for the accommodation of the whole of the troops of the garrison requiring hospital treatment, hav ing been completed the building was yesterday handed over to the military authorities at the garrison, and a portion of the patients from the western hospital at once removed into the new ward. The alterations and additions carried out at Fort Pitt will enable that building to be used as a hospital for the entire garrison, and will thus dispense with the ser vices of a separate staff of medical officers at each of the military hospitals at Chatham. The block of buildings hitherto used as the garrison hospital, near tha inner line of fortifications, will bo vacated by the whole of the patients to-day, and the hospital converted into quarters for the troops of the line at the garrison, the numbers of whom have recently very considerably increased. Her Majesty's Royal yacht Alberta, Staff Commander Welch, made a trial of her machinery at Portsmouth yes terday. The Sirsoom screw troopship was docked yesterday at Portsmcuth for repairs. Report states that the Admiralty intend to give the command of this fine old ship to Captain F. B. Lethbridge, late of the Adventure, a very popular and energetic officer. The Urgent screw troopship,Capt. Samuel H. Henderson, arrived at Portsmouth yesterday from Plymouth Sound, with Lieut. Irvin and 27 men of the 87th Regiment, and a company of Royal Engineers of 76 men, with 20 women and 22 children, The detachment of the 87th landed at Ports mouth and joined regimental head quarters, and the Royal Engineers will be landed and sent en to Aldershot this morning. The regiments and depots comprising the 3d battalion of infantry at Chatham garrison have vacated the hut barracks hitherto occupied exclusively by that battalion, and have removed to St. Mary's casemated barracks, which wore oc cupied by the invalid depot until the removal of the latter to Netley. The barracks at St Mary's have been empty for nearly two years, during which advantage has been taken to carry out some important alterations for the health and comfort of the troops, in accordance with the suggestions of the Army Sanitary Commissioners. The situation slid gene ral arrangement of the barracks are such as to render them anything but dealrable quartero Ittr ettner officers or men, and the entire barracks should be taken down and re-erected. The hut barracks at Brampton will be set apart for the pre sent as quarters for the married non - commissioned officers and men of the several depots. The Lords of the Committee of Council on Education, in .conjunotion with the Admiralty and the Institute of Naval Architects, having determined to establish a school of naval architecture and marine engineering, it will be formally opened at South Kensington to-day. Mr Merrifield, F. R.S., who has been appointed principal, will deliver an introduc tory address. The school is intended for the instruction not only of Admiralty pupils from the Royal dockyards and officers of the Royal Navy, but also for the use of naval architects and shipbuilders in wood and iron, marine engi neers, foremen of works, shipwrights, and the public gene rally. The Admiralty have deposited their collection of naval models at the Museum, and have issued an invitation to private shipbuilders to afford their assistance in render ing the collection more complete. It is intended that di plomas shall be given to all persons, whether they have receive their instruction at the school or not, who pass the final examination of the school, provided that they give satisfactory evidence of having gone through the course of practical work recommended by the Council of the Insti tute of Naval Architects. These diplomas will be of two grades, according to the success of the candidate in the ex amination, the title of the higher grades being Fellows, and of the lower, Graduates of the Royal School of Naval Ar chitecture. Certificates for success in special subjects, and prizes also, will be given to the students. Tho school will have a session at S , uth Kensington from November to April, and when the school is not open arrangements will be made, if possible, for study in the Royal dockyards and in private yards. The Rev. Joseph Woolley, LL.D., of St. John's College, Cambridge, Principal of the School of Naval Architecture at Portsmouth, "as been appointed, with the concurrence of the Admiralty, Inspeltor General and Di rector of Studies. Mr C. W. Merrifield, F.R.S. Principal, and Mr H J. Pu r ki ss , 8.A. , o f Trinity College, 'Cambridge, Vice-Principal. - - - REPORTED DEFEAT OF LONGSTREET.—MAN CHESTER, OCT. 29. —The knowing telegram has been re ceived here :—" New York, Oa. 21.—Sheridan defeated Longstreet on the 19th inst. near Strasburg, capturing 50 guns, including 20 lest early in the engagement,", THE ZOLLVEREIN. BIRMINGHAM, Saturday. A special meeting of the Chamber of Commerce was held yesterday afternoon for the purpose of receiving Mr Ward, her Majesty's Consul-General at Hamburg, who has been commissioned by the Government to confer with the Chambers of Com. merce in reference to the new tariff of the German Customs Union. Mr J. S. Wright, vice-president of the Chamber, presided. A letter was read from Mr Scholefield, M.P., ex' pressive of regret at his inability to be present. In the course of it the hon. gentleman said :—" The step adopted by the Foreign-office in authorising Mr Ward to visit the several chambers is deserving of all praise, and will open up, I hope, a wide field of usefulness for that department of her Majesty's Government, as well as for the consular and other agents abroad." The CHAIRMAN, in introducing Mr Ward, said that gentleman would address the meeting chiefly on tho question of tho now cluticio that were about to be reimposed or modified in the new arrange ments entered into by the States composing the German Customs Union. They had a considerable trade with Germany 30 or 40 years ago, which has since declined. Until lately very few other manu factures had foand their way into the Zallverein• One cause of this was the high, the almost prohibi tive tariff which prevailed, and another cause was the rapid advance which the Germans themselves had made in manufactures. Now, the Germans not only supplied their own markets but competed very successfully with the English in the neutral mar kets of the world. There was one question to which he would call the attention of Mr Ward, which was that of trade marks. (Hear, hear.) The ques tion of trade marks, both in France and Germany was in a very unsatisfactory condition. Mr WARD said the chairman had correctly stated the object for which he had the honour of appear• ing before the Chamber. It was, in the first place, to state the exact position in which the commercial relations with the Zollverein and Germany were at the present reoment ; and, in the second place, to ask for suggestions from the Chamber to be used as opportunity might occur with the Governments Of the States of the Zollverein. They were aware the Zollverein was an old institution now—having existed between 30 and 40 years—conducted prin cipally on the principle of a protective tariff, which excluded from the German market more especially the metallic industry and hardware. Still, from time to time improvements had been made. He had resided for many years in Germany, and had been accustomed to attend the conferences of that body, and report to the Government the new tariffs made from time to time; and although the state of things at present was far from being satisfactory, yet he thought that the progress made had been some:hing great, and such as not to exclude hope of still further improvement in the future. The principle acted upon was—unanimity, Eccxy State, whether large or small, had an equal vote in settling the tariff and all questions which related to the affairs of the union. Therefore, the smaller States, such es Nassau, had as much to say as Prussia or Bavaria, or the other large States. This was a principle which had been very much con tested and disputed ; and a feeling had been grow ing up that it ought to bo by tho decision of the mojortry, the larger Oa .ted Ivo, lug a prep maerating influence, that the qeestion should be settled. At present it had not come to that, and the Z had been renewed upcn the old basis and upon a new tariff. This would now be the law fir the next 12 years, and would come into effect on the Ist of July, 1865, most likely. The reductions which had been made in consequence of the French Treaty were many of them of very great importance. The negotiations with France had been going on now between three and four years. As soo❑ as our Go vernment heard cf it, he (Mr Ward) had instructions to proceed to Berlin, and open negotiations with the Prussian Government, on behalf of British interests. They were asked whether they came to offer any equivalents, or what was the object of their pro posal. They were obliged to say that the English tariff having been lately liucralised, they had no specific reduction to offer, but relied upon the reduc tions which had been made in favour of every nation, benefiting, Germany as well as other nations, aed that so good an example would not be lost sight of by the statesmen of Germany. The negotiations came to nothing more than this—that the States of the Zollverein agreed to put England on the same footing as France and the most favoured nation. In a few weeks the treaty would be signed, which would place England on the same footing as the most favoured. This was not all that it was desirable to effect, but all that it was in the power of the Government to accom plish. There were some merchants who thought it was in the power of the British Government, by making specific proposals during the course of the negotiations with France, to accomplish more ; but he assured the Chamber that it was not possible to have done more at the time. Various suggestions on the subject were then made by himself and others, but they were taken as private hints, and were put by in the portfolios of the officials, ad re ferendum. In some instances some little good re sulted. Lip to the present time Prussia and the Zollverein had been guided by their own interests, and not those of any other nation. The moving principle was that they could get certain impor tant concessions from France, which they had no w got, and through the intervention:of France a tariff had been secured, by which considerable modifica tions of duties agreed to with France would be en joyed by Great Britain and other nations, The re• solutions had already passed the Prussian Chambers, and they were to be incorporated into a general law. The Chamber had received a copy of the last arrangement, and also the alterations as agreed to in the new tariff. This was dated 28th of June, 1864, and was a treaty between all the States of the Zollverein, in which they renewed their union for a period of 12 years, upon the basis of that regula tion, and, in addition, upon the basis of the French treaty, which formed a part of the new arrange. ment. They would find that the reductions were upon many impottant branches; cotton yarn manu facture, woollen yarn and manufacture, iron and iron manufacture, and generally upon other metal lice ; on zinc and zinc manufactures, upon hard ware, upon chemical products, and various other articles certain important reductions had been made. He was sorry to say that the Germane had misunderstood their own interests, inasmuch as they had refused to admit pig iron duty free, al though the agriculturists were almost clamorous to have British pig iron admitted. There was also a classed reduction upon iron manufacture, divided into coerce and fine articles. The reduction upon the finer iron manufacture wee from 6 dole. to 4 dole. per centner. The duty upon steel pens was retained ; this amounted to 10 dole., which he supposed to be out of deference to tho steel peu makers of Germany. Under the general head of hardware there had bsen a largo reduction, inasmuch as all articles are not mixed with gold and silver, all metallic articles, and all ornamental articles, were reduced from 50 dole. to 15 dole. per centner (1121 b.) Also upon machinery and upon instruments the reductions were very considerable. Ile considered that these alterations were very important, though they did not go as far as they might wish. They had always said to the authorities that they ought not to look upon their little nest of manufactures, but take large views and see the very excellent effect which the adoption j SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS, • TIMES.—The remarkable trial which closed on on Saturday is no unfair specimen of the method by which the criminal law of this country attains, or at least seeks to attain, the ends of justice. That process, familiar as it is, is far more difficult, be cause conducted under far stricter conditions, than would appear at first sight. Nothing looks simpler than the management of a criminal case, and by standers are often tempted to imagine that they could themselves perform the duties of counsel, judge, or jury, perhaps of all together, without any great effort, and quite as effectually as the respon sible actors. A very little experience utterly dissi pates this delusion. The plain and coherent story which is told in the opening speech of the prosecut ing counsel may be the product of a most laborious investigation, aided by all the resources of science, and the points insisted on may have been selected with infinite care from a mass of chaotic materials too vast and various for an untrained mind to have digested. The examination in chief, which seems the easiest thing in the world, requires no ordinary skill to bring out the whole knowledge of the wit ness without violating any rule of evidence; and cross-examination, if practised according to the popular theory of it, would, in nine cases out of ten, do the prisoner more harm than good. Perhaps the speech for the defence is the part of the proceed ings which is best appreciated by the public ; but the disadvantages under which it frequently has to be made are such as the public cannot fully come prehend. The Judge's task, where it is confined to reading over his notes, cannot, indeed, be con sidered very arduous, but where it embraces a careful analysis of the case and an elimination of everything irrelevant, it is a mental exercise of the highest kind. All these necessary stages in the con duct of a trial were carried out with marked ability in the prosecution of Muller, and the humane maxim of our law, that where human life is at stake no trouble can be superfluous, has seldom been more scrupulously obeyed. The address of the Solicitor-General on Thursday possessed the great merit of stating the whole case without over stating it or encumbering it with doubtful matter. If it be compared with the evidence and the reply, it will be found that nothing of any importance had afterwards to be retracted or supplied, and that the only new feature introduced by the defence was the alibi. Now that we know all that was to be said, the conclusion appears self-evident, but nothing short of a judicial inquiry could have thus sins■ plified the problem. It was above all things essen tial to show that several independent trains of reasoning converged into the proof of Muller's guilt. A single chain cannot be stronger than its weakest link, but the united strength of several chains el. ceeds that of the strongest among them. The disposing of Mr. Briggs' chain on the Monday morning after the murder, and the being feund in possession of a hat corresponding to his on board the Victoria,:were no doubt:most suspicious circum stances, but neither of them would have added any force to the other, had the identity of the two articles rested on the same presumption. As it was, each was proved by separate testi mony, and the attempt to cast doubt on the identity of the latter opened up another track leading in the same direction. But suppose ing all the witnesses who swore to Mr. Briggs's property had been discredited, there was still the fact of a hat exactly resembling Nluller's being found in the railway carriage, and the more this fact was sifted the more incredible did it turn out to be that it should have belonged to any one else. Here, then, were three distinct grounds for believing Muller to be the murderer; a fourth was furnished by the unquestionable dis covery of Mr Briggs's watch in Muller's box at New York. These four clues had to be followed out one by one, not only in court but long before, when their bearing upon each other was much less manifest. The certainty produced by their con verxence amounts to a moral demonstration, always provided that no explanation can be given of so ex traordinary a coincidence. The whole cogency of what is called circumstantial evidence turns upon this. It has been urged with considerable force that the use of this phrase is calculated to mislead, and it is probably not the best which could hare been chosen to express the distinction implied in it ; but the distinction itself, as expounded by the Chief B iron, is real and most important. Mr Dcath's testimony was direct evidence of Muller's exchange ing Mr Briggs's chain ; it was circumstantial evi dence, coupLd with other facts, of his having taken Mr Briggs's life. An inference had to be drawn from it beyond that which it attested conclusively, and this inference, though strengthened indefinitely by like inferences from circumstances of like signi ficance, might have been scattered to the winds by proof positive, direct and trustworthy proof, that the fact inferred did not occur. What justifies conviction on circumstantial evidence is, not that it sfinnla be overwhelming it.oir, but tt—t it should also bo unrefuted. It is simply inconceiv able that appearances should so conspire against an innocent man, and yet that he should have no key to the myMtcry. If Mr S - 2rgeaut Parry had been able to recount for any one of the tokens of guilt, to which we have referred, he would have sensibly we honed the argu men t on t h e part of the Crown, and if he could have conjured away either of the two fiats, no one can say w h at the issue of the trial would have been. He failed to do to, not for want of that art which breaks the sequence of an opponent's reasoning, but simply because no human fancy could have invented an. hypothesis at once consistent with the truth and with Muller's innocence, Had the interrogation of the prisoner been authorised by our law, his conviction would doubtless have been more summary, but it could not have been more inevitable than it was after the breakdown of the alibi, and the cross-examination of the nonchalant Mr. Lee. When we say that this trial reflects credit on our administration of justice, we are far from assuming the superiority of our own system, in all respects, to that of our neighbours. The want of a public prosecutor is sometimes a very serious evil, though it may be outweighed by the blessing of being free from the espionage and inter ference of such an officer. The provision for the defence of prisoners, in other cases than murder, is obviously defective; there is something to be said for allowing an accused person to volunteer evidence valeat quantum, and there are difficult questions about the qualifications of juries and the finality of their verdicts. Still, the nobler qualities of English character are generally displayed, in an impressive form, on a trial for murder. A foreign spectator would have found nothing to condemn in the solemnity of the spectacle, in the calm and dispassionate statement of the Solicitor-General, in the demeanour of the witnesses for the prosecu tion, or in the honourable manner in which Mr Sergeant Parry discharged a most unenviable duty. Not the slightest trace of prejudice against Muller could have been discerned in any part of the pros ceedings, and if the charge of the Lord Chief Baron wqs adverse to an acquittal, it was on ly becaus e th e rules of commonsense, applied to such facts, left no room for two opinions. The same remark may be extended, as we venture to think, to the general conduct of the press in respect to this murder, a subject upon which the Lord Chief Baron adopted a very different tone from that of Mr Sergeant Parry. To withhold from the public the details of a case like this until the suspected party shall be brought to trial is not only practically impossible; it would also be highly impolitic, and would often defeat the ends of justice. In commenting upon them discretion is of course needed, but absolute reticence as to the effect of notorious facts would be mere affectation. Such was the nature of Mule ler's crime, and Bush his own infatuation after com mitting it, that the prima facie evidence against him was complete and crushing %hen Inspector Tanner was sent in pursuit of him. He was pre judged only in this sense, and no sooner did his unexpected assertion of innocence reach this coun try than the voice of criticism was hushed. In electing to be tried by an English jury ho showed a just confidence in the impartiality of our tribunals, and the result is so entirely satisfactory that his confession, however much to be desired for his own sake, could add nothing to the certainty of his guilt. HERALD.—Mr. John Bright is a much bolder man than Mr. Richard Cobden. The sentiments which the latter scarcely ventured to reveal in his private letter to Mr Scovell, the former boldly avows in his public communication to Mr Horace Greeley. Mr Cobden, with the deference and caution of a courtier (he has been to the Tuilerieq), while praiss ing the "amiability" of the Federal President, merely suggested to his Yankee friends the course which he thought they ought to pursue as the most likely to ensure their ultimate success. " Persevere' is the gist of his advice. " Persevire, you have more money, or, at least, more greenbacks, and a greater command of men than your antagonists—scatter the the one broadcast, and sacrifice the others reck lessly in continuous and harrassing, though fruit less assaults, and if you will but disregard the loss of life and waste of treasure, it is evident that you must in the end bear down all opposition;' Mr. Bright does not coefine himself to side-winded and ambiguously-expressed counsels. The election of his distinguished friend, Abraham Lincoln, is at stake, and he cannot avoid telling Mr. Horace Greeley, for the benefit of all Yankeedom, " what is passing in his mind," and " he wishes, it possible, to send him a word of encouragement." It is a curious instance of the facility with which dis honest politicians can assume and cast off princis ples, as it suits their interests or convenience to do so, to find the man of peace, who in the House of Commons whines over sufferings of an Irish cotter, ejected because he could not, or would not, diss charge his stipulated engagements, and who de- CHELMSFO: At this corn exchange to-c plentiful, but we again had a made on last week's quotation ply, and except for finest qual not be maintained, with a slo , Wheat, old white...4os 95s new ..40e 41s old red....39s 40; new 37s 40s Barley 25s 32s Chevalier ..26s 33s Grinding 20s 28s Malt.... Chevalier . 64s 68s Oats 20s 26s KIRKCALDY GRAIN—OcT. 29. o ,i We had fair supplie s o f a ll d escr i pt i ons o f gra ili "01 and prices were much the same as last week for she barley, but oats were a shade cheaper. Wheat. Barley. Oats. First ....36s td 24s 6d I 17s Od Second.. 38s 6d 2os 61 is s Od Third.,..406 Od 27s Gd 19s Gd COAL MARKET. Moos of Coal per Ton at the close ol the mesice / ' 0, s. d. Gym Garnant Stone ..' I 2 6 Holywell ....... '1 Ships at market, 1; sold, 1, Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. , Australia and Mauritius, via S ou th ampton .. IN 1:: " via Marseilles ... Brazil and Cape Verde, by British packet NO' Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena A- T ,9 China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton I via Marseilles ll° Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampt on Ne' • 'i India (Calcutta), and Dlo Ceylon, via Southampton fa via Marseilles.. • ...N o 1 .. India (Bombay), via S ou th ampton via Marseille s .. p, Portugal.... ...... ... Nialta, Egypt, and Ad en , v i a Southampton ...... NO 6 ,o-ap• . via Marseilles ....... • o y,fl L'Tewfoundland -- Oporto and Vi go .. •• U. S. and Briti s h N . America, by Brit. packet.. • • 10 1. by U.S. packet.....„„p,* by Canadian packet.i lv i Ml parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, 1 Dloil. California. and British Columbia.. i „,,V London: Prix&Zed and FL't!lshed by WILLIA3I A' p SO; ( 1 of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TuE SUN 0 1 °,01 Strath.], in the Precinct of the S tvoy, n, A l l3l l _e§CX,—Tue6day, November 1, 1861. nounces the landlord of the victim as a tyran cause he sought to recover what his bargain law, and justice accorded him—we repeat curious to see such a professed friend of hums at the expense of justice, gloating over barbs unequalled in the annals of modeTo war. the devastation of the P a l a ti na t e by I ` . he F army, under Turenne, n o suc h w h o l esa l e a Ct discriminate destruction has disgraced a cia. and Christian nation as the ravage of the She doah Valley by the Federal troops. The 111 steads which sheltered the unoffending industrious men taking no part in the struggle been committed to the flames, and the food w a plentiful harvest yielded for their sustenance been wickedly and wantonly destroyed, and thi the recognised agent of the man " upon the br: ness of whose personal honour," according tg Bright, "no adversary has yet been able to stain." " Qui facit per alium, facit per se," I adage whose truth is universally admitted; and tory will hand down to posterity, as the auth this barbarous act of cruelty, not the actual pg trator of the deed, whose insignificance will sg him from infamous notoriety, but the chief ol state who planned and commanded its exert We so far coincide with Mr Bright's w that we sincerely hope for the re-election o Lincoln, not because "we have observed it career a grand simp:icity of purpose, and a patrit which knows no change and does not falter,' because we anticipate that the renewed governs of a man who has violated his solemn oath to serve the liberties of his country by banishin imprisoning without trial its most respected citi and by consigning those who differed from policy to languish in prison without hope of pr tion from the laws, which he has abrogated or ridden for his own base personal purposes—we we desire the re-election of such a small-mil though oppressive, tyrant to power, because we that repugnance to such a contemptible rule excite an enslaved people to resistance, and end cruel war by consigning the man who has carri on with a savagery unknown in our days, if the gibbet—which his crimes so richly merit least to an oblivion which will secure his fel citizens from the contamination of his presence. Bright repudiates the idea of being consider donkey sending forth his harmless brayings beneath the lion's skin ; he announces himse , the veritable British animal, and he roars ' he wishes to palm off as " the sentiments heart's wish of every man in England who h for the freedom and greatness of their country encourage his Transatlantic friends to a deterni continuance of this desolating conflict, while at he seeks to conceal the pugnacity of his disposi under a standing collar and broad-brimmed h the selected emblems of brotherly love and G tian forbearance. The member for Birming belongs to a religion which teaches its folio that when one cheek is smitten they should the other to receive a similar infliction. His f tics differs essentially from his professed princi according to which, instead of urging his fel creatures to continue the horrors of civil wit should inculcate mutual forbearance and pr "peace amongst men." We are ignorant!). form of church government which rules hie, but if there be a Pope amongst them we antic] a speedy exercise of his spiritual powers, f ever a peccant brother deserved the penalt excommunication it is richly merited by Bright. To base his wish for the succel the Federal arms on the conviction that 1 triumph would secure the abolition of slaver an unworthy subterfuge on the part of the 151 ber for Birmingham. It has been officially nounced by his Ministers—and Mr Bright co be ignorant of the universally known fact-1 Mr Lincoln is quite prepared to submit to the, tinuance of slavery, if by so doing he can ecli establish the Uuion ; and this, the last plol 3 , which they had to stand, is now taken from 13 1 ' the feet of the Federal sympathisers in Bug, There is but one motive to which we can at r tri the action, to use an Americanism, which Mr D. has taken in this matter. His constituents 1 1 largely by the continuance of the war. Tliey, ply both sides with instruments of destructla l ' i he may consider it imprudent to check th e pr°b„ of their trade by advocating a return to Some of the farmers of Bucks were un reason i l enough to accuse Mr Dis rae li o f having Wit the price of wheat by co ngra t u l at i ng hi s COl eats on the abundance of the harvest. enough Mr Bright has profited by the warning's lends his influence, such as it is, to continue gl iti flirt which is an overflowing source of NW" those who have honoured themselves by een him into Parliament. COUNTRY MARKETS. COLCHESTER—Oar. 29_ won.' .:. ....aerate supply of wheat on offer at our to-day, and previous quotations were generally maultn Fine barley in demand, and saleable at f u lly late pr other sorts difficult of sale, at less money. Beans old inEshort supply,, % and fully maintain their value. Wheat, white. red 36s 42s middle & sruall.3ss Barley Oats GLOUCESTER—Om 29. There was a.-very full supply of wheat tq-day 4t market, which sold slowly at late prices. Foreign 0 0 ° , extremely limited demand, at former rates. Bait,/ and beans very dull. NORTHAMPTON—Oar. 29. Tr There was a moderate supply of English wheat. quet, and no change in late rates. Barley was v erY —White wheat, new, 39s to 42s ; new red, 3 68 t 34 old, 37s to 41s per qr. Barley, new malting, 328 too other sorts, 28s to 30s. Old oats, 25s to 30s; nevit to 26s per 21 stone. Beans, 39s to 425. Peas, 37 8 per qr. EID—OCT. 28. Wl3 lay the supply of dull trade, with no ti`^ is. Barley also in larg° n lities last week's priceo" kV sale. yeas, Partridge.. • • 3 6 0 : White ........•• ;; Q , Boiling ........ Dun ...... . f .s . o Ditto new .. .... 40 13ean,;, Tick, :Ad .• 0 : 0 Harrow Ticks new. .7 3 Mazagan. ..... • • Births. E l HOPE —On the 29th ult., at 14, Park-lane, the wife ° Hope, Esq., of a son. RANDOLPH.—On the 28th ult., at 44, B r yanstorrrof Portman-squar e , th e Hon. Mrs. Leveson ItandolP son. t ot ROBINSON. , --On the 29.11 ult., at Everefield, Lean) ios Mrr. J. H. Robinson, of a son. Marriages. BAYLIS —EvANE —On the 29th ult. at St. MarY' 4, r iti,',l , ton, William Ha r di ng B ay li s , of Queen-streeti 0, Mary Ann, youngest daughter of Mr. Wm. Eva of Trinity-lane, Thames -street. ' E LAPK A.—AnBOUIN.—On the 29 t h ult., at St. A naffepiA Enfield, General G eorges de lilapka, to Mara°, third daughter of J ames Arbouin, Esq., of Cogn ac ' Deaths. o° ° BRISTOL. —On th e 30 t h ult. at lekworth, Suffolk, . Hon. Frede r i c k William, 'Marquis of Bristol, ag e ,lei BENTINCK - -On the 28,h ult., Lieut -General CU P ' F. 13entinek, Colonel of the 12th Foot, aged 7 3 • o f, B OSWORTII.—On the 29:h ult., at'Westerhanb H. Bosworth, Esq., aged 68. iiyQ ei BA.RROWFORTH —On the 28th ult,, at Cheddon— Somerset, John Barrowforth, Esq., aged 61. ' BARKER.—On the 29th ult., at Sr. James's-ter r3 gent's-park, George Morris Barker, aged 57. Z/,