The Sun. — London, England, 1864-04-21 00:00:00

The Armstrong and Whitworth Trials. The contest between these rival pieces is fast reaching stages at which decisive results on either side may happen at any moment, and are, to a cer tain extent, looked for every day. On Monday the trials were for destructive effect ; on Tuesday one of the most severe tests of all, rapid and continuous firing, was applied. Both these competitions excited the keenest interest, for, as to the accuracy of shoot ing, all the officers seem of opinion that either the Armstrong shunt gun or the Whitworth are each, as far as they have yet gone, sufficiently near per fection to make the whole contest turn now upon which is the more destructive in warfare with shot and shell, and, above all, which is the stronger gun; that is to say, not which is easiest burst, but which, with common service charges, can fire the most rounds with the least wear. Every shot fired from a gun effects a certain amount of wear in the tube, which in time becomes ascertainable by measure ment. Up to the present all the guns have fired more 600 rounds (rather above the average of what cast guns will stand), but es yet none give any ap preciable sign of having ever been fired at all. In a few days more, however, especially if the rapid firing is continued, the wear must become apparent, though it is not likely to be much, for at the close of the whole programme 3,000 rounds have to be fired from each gun, which is then to be burst. It is to be hoped, for the credit of our scientific know ledge of gunnery, that this bursting process will not be carried on after the old barbarous system of choking up a gun with shot and powder till it breaks, but that it may be effected by firing the gua at 45 degrees elevation with common charges till one or the other yields. It should not be a mere question of breaking the gun at these bursting trials, but seeing how it will break and after how long a tims it will break when used in every day warfare. The trials on Monday were to prove how each gun—the Armstrong shunt gun, the Whitworth, and the Armstrong breechloader—would act against common brickwork walls and villages, both with shot and shell. But the walls erected to test the value of this experiment were not by any means the ordinary rubble masonry of villages or common brickwork, but were,in truth,most substantial struc tures, built in the best manner, three bricks thick, laid in cement. A wall was provided for each gun, 81ft. in height by about 14ft. wide, and 281 in. thick, and at these the guts were at first expected to open at 9CO yards. The Committee, however, gave orders that they should commence at 1,200 yards, and the ill luck of commencing and finding the range fell to Mr. - .l l Thitworth's lot. Four shots were allowed for this purpose, and at the four h the target was hit at 1.45 of elevation, and the 15 rounds to which eech gun:was limited, five of round shot, five of common shell, and five of shrapnel shell, commenced with Mr. Whitworth's gun. The result was utterly unexpected. It was believed that as a shell gun Mr. Whitworth's explosive power was weak, but the accuracy of the piece was known to be perfect. Every one, therefore, looked at the gun, which was laid by Mr. Whitworth's most experimental assist ants, hitting the wall each time, but effecting com paratively little with either its shrapnel or com mon shell. Extraordinary as it may seem, this really large target for a range of 1,000 yards, as it turned out to be, in fact received out of the 13 rounds only seven direct hits, was missed alto gether six times, and hit once after a ricochet. Of the five rounds of solid shot two hit fairly, and two hit after touching the ground close in front. Of the common shell three hit and two missed, Altogether, of the shrapnel shell two only hit and three missed. The gun, during these rounds, after the first range had been ascertained, was only altered two minuses of a degree—that is, from 1 . 15 to 1 . 47, and this variation should, if the guu shot accurately as to longitudinal range—that is, as to the place in which the shot dropped—have only given a difference of one foot higher or lower in the spot it struck the wall. But slight as was this change of elevation, it was, from some tnt:xplained reason, enough when at 1.45 to make the shot strike in front and ricochet over an Bi-ft. wall, or, on the other hand, when elevated to 1.47, make it miss the wall altogether. Such an erratic performance was what no one expected, though the supporters of the Armstrong claimed that it entirely bore out their theory that the gur, though shooting with wonderful accuracy as regards deviation either right or :eft of the true line, is not to be relied on in the exactitnde of its longitudinal range—that at the same elevation and the same range and with the same charge it will drop its shots in a true line, but at most varying distances. As impartial recorders of fact, we are bound to say that this theory is not borne out by the returns given of the practice at long ranges. On the other hand, however, it is to a great extent confirmed by the shooting at targets, at which 10 have been fired at from different ranges, and Sir Wm. Armstrong has claims to have won 7 out of the 10. When the Whitworth had done firing Sir William commenced with his shunt gun, which at the same range made very beautiful practice. Out of the 15 shots, 14 struck the wall direct, and the 15th grazed it at the edge of a broken part, raising sufficient dust to mark a hit, but otherwise doing no dam age. The examination of thg walls which followed these trials, for the twilight was then deepening too fast to continue the experiments with the breech loader, showed that every singe shot which had hit these really massive structures had gone clean through them with apparently the most perfect ease. Two of Sir William's shot or shell had gone through the same hole, and one, as we have said, had only just grazed at the top, but done no damage. Still the whole wall was dilapidated and rickety, full of holes, cracked in all directions, and with masses of its brickwork dislodged, so that one or two more well directed shots would evidently have brought the whole mass to the ground. Mr. Whitworth's wall was almost equally ill-used, and, considering that only eight of his shot and shell struck it, it was plain that allowing for this difference of hits, the destructive effect of his gun on the wall was fully equal to the destructive effect of Sir William's. The wooden targets, however, which were placed at a little distance behind the walls to show the effect of the scattered fragments of shell, told quite a different tale. Sir William's target was splintered into great holes, and where unbroken its face was seamed in all directions with the iron seg ments striking into the wood. No more convincing proof, in fact, could possibly be given of the de structive effects of the Armstrong shell. Mr. Whitworth's target, on the contrary, was scarcely marked, and only with the fragments of his common shell. Nowhere on its whole surface could it be traced that any of his shrapnel bullets had even s truck it; and undoubt e dl y, ns f ar as i t h as y e t gon e, Jr. Whitworth's shapnel shell has effected scarcely anything deserving of mention. Oa Tuesday the continuous firing test was applied. It was fixed to commence at 11 o'clock, but it was nearly one before the guns were ready, in conse quence of Mr. Whitworth's application to the com mittee to be allowed to remove his vent-plug or touchhole before the firing commenced, in order to replace it with a new one. This made the second time that Mr. Whitworth has changed his vent piece; and though we have not space to enter into the technical Ltails which made such changes ad visable, it is mere justic e to state that they were of a purely exceptional character, and in no degree rcfieet against the gun or its method of venting, which is simple in the extreme. The firing of the 200 rounds for endurance com menced soon after 1 o clock, and before it began the Committee stated that it was to be distinctly under stood that the trial was not intended to show which gun would fire fastest, but, which g un en d ured b est under continuous and quick but orderly fi r i ng . O n this understanding, therefore , the firing commenced and was continued incessantly for nearly an hour and a half, with only two or three seconds' interval between each discharge, so that the endurance of the spectators, who had to be rose to the artillery, was even more severely tried than the endurance of the guns. After some 30 rounds the screw of Sir William's breechloader, which had become fouled with the sulphurous powder smoke, worked very stiffly, but on water being poured over it it at once 'ccovcred its usual free action, and so continued to the close. Even this defect, however, slight as it was, did not pass without notice among the artillery officers, who, as a rule, greatly prefer Sir William's shunt gun to his breechloader. Both the Whit worth and the shunt gun worked admirably, and each made excellent practice, though t le fire of the latter was considerably retarded by the fact that the cartridges issued to it were sometimes too large for the gun. Six were thus rejected which could not be made to enter the muzzle at all, and many which did enter it could only be forced down with difficulty. In the end, Mr. Whitworth fired his 200 rounds in one hour and 12 minutes. Sir William fired his from his breechloader in one hour and 21 minutes, and from his shnnt gun in one hour and 22 minutes. It WII3 most fortunate for Sir William that the trial was for endurance and not for speed, else from the peculiar difficulties under which he laboured in using a lubricator with his shunt gun for the first ' time the competition must have been against him. As an instance, however, of what can be done with Sir William's breechloader when fired for quick. ness, we may mention that the evening before this trial took place an officer at Shoeburyness fired 100 rounds from the common service breech loader in 24 minutes, and made good practice with it at every shot. At the end of the 200 rounds' firing all the guns were so hot that it was impossible to touch them, yet before they had time to cool the next test was applied to ascertain if the severe trial they had undergone had injured them or impaired their shooting in any way. For this purpose they were ordered to fire at small bull's-eyes, marked on three targets, at 300 yards' distance, three shots being allowed to each gun to ascertain the range, and then five more to each, the results of which were to be recorded. At this competition the Whitworth and the breechloader shot about equal, and neither of them particularly well. The Armstrong shunt gun, on the contrary, made one of the most beau tiful targets that has been seen at Shoebury, plant ing all its shot in a space of about 15 inches square. In fact, Sir William's superiority at this contest was so marked that it left little room for compa rison between his target and Mr. Whitworth's. Before continuing the trials further, impressions will be carefully taken of the interiors of all the guns, to ascertain if they have been damaged or worn in the least degree by the 200 rounds' quick firing. This inspection, however, is likely to be a mere formality after the satisfactory proof which all the guns gave by their firing afterwards that as yet they are unhurt. To-day and to-morrow the tests will be resumed again for range and accuracy. In reference to the firing at three degrees of eleva- tion, which we stated in our lest notice as being a close and equal competition between Sir William and Mr. Whitworth, we have now to add that a more careful examination of the returns has shown that in accuracy, and also in range, the advantage at this contest is clearly on Mr. Whitworth's side. So, also, in reference to the statement which im plied that Mr. Whitworth had washed his guns without the knowledge of the Committee, we are assured, on the highest authority, that Mr. Whit worth applied to the Committee for leave to wash his guns, and the permission was at once given, and that Sir William was allowed to do the same. In the course of another ten days or so the com petition with the small guns will be brought to a close, and that with the heavy ordnance begin. In this second stage both computi:ors are equally con fident of success. THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA. (From the Times' Special Correspondent.) NEW YORK, Apt it 1. With snow in Virginia 12 inches deep, and a suc cession of rain storms that have flloded the rivers and softened all the roads of the North, it is not likely that either of the opposing armies under Generale Grant and Lee will make a forward move, went for the next 10 days. Whatever the Confe derates may do in the meantime, General Grant is busying himself with the reorganisation of the Army of the Potomac, and has already weeded out of it moat of the drunken and many of the incom. potent officers appointed to command for politics reasons. There are indications, also, that Grant— on whom so much has been devolved, and on whom such serious responsibility has been thrown—is ex- ercising his influence with the President to procure the retirement of Mr. Stanton—without exception the most unpopular man in the Administration, if not i❑ the North—in favour of General Butler, and the restoration of General M'Clellan to active duty. The indications are still stronger that his presumed plan of advancing upon Richmond with two separate armies—one by way of the Rapidan, and the other by way of the Peninsula—will be disconcerted by Gen. Lee, and the transference of the seat of war from Southern to Northern soil by the invasion of Pennsylvania, Kentucky, and Ohio, and a movement of Gen. Joseph Johnston upon Chattanooga for the recovery of Tennessee. Under such circumstances, Richmond, which has been strengthened so as to be able to support a long siege and to defend itself against an army ten times as strong as its garrison, is not likely to be very seriously threatened; and Charleston and Mobile need be in no immediate ap• prehension of danger, or even of attack. To keep up the spirits of the Northern people, and especially that portion of them who are threatened for the first time with feeling in their own homes the mise- ries which their armies have carried into Virginia, and other regions which war has reconverted into the original wilderness, or something worse, it is announced by all the organs of the Government that the Federal armies amount to at least a million of men, and those of the Confederates to only 300,000. Few, however, except those who think it a refined pleasure to be cheated, believe that the Federals possess even so many as half a million of effective men, or, whatever the disparity of timbers between the two armies may be, that there will be much dis parity of strength when they come int, collision on the field. In all the drawn battles fought by Ni'Clellan his forces were greatly in excess of those opposed to him, and in all the victories achieved by General Grant he has not only had the advantage of a naval auxiliary force upon the rivers, but an army four and even five times larger than that of his antagonist. In the capture of Vicksburg, which was the first great step in his career, his forces amounted to at least 100,000 men, while those of General Pemberton (the sick and disabled al' taunted) were at most 20,000; and notwithstanding this immense numerical advantage, and the aid of a flotilla of gunboats on the Mississippi, it took him sixty-five days to accomplish his task, and might have taken him a hundred and sixty-fiveif the garri son had not been reduced to the extremity of famine, having eaten their last mule and dog in default of all other sustenance. Great things are expected of him, but those are sanguine indeed who think, be cause he has done much on a small scale, that his failure on a great scale is impossible. It remains to be seen what his energies, his abilities, and above all his dogged perseverance, can accomplish against an equal or a nearly equal force in the open field, led by the most accomplished soldier of the age, and one more trusted in and beloved by his men than any captain since the days of the First Napoleon The shock will be a desperate one when it comes. That it will end the war, on whichever side victory may declare itself, few are so credulous or self blinded as to believe. Even the two or three Ad ministration journals that continue to " blether" about "the beginning of the end," and the restora tion of the Union by the 4th of July, only write in this strain because they think it flatters the popular prejudice or foments the public passion, and not because they mean what they say. Their glowing anticipations are mere " buncombe," and have little effect except to make the 4th of July ridiculous. It is to-day announced from Washington, under the authority of the Secretary of the Navy, that 35 Federal war ships are unable to put to sea for want of sailors to navigate them. Surely a Government that labours under a difficulty like this ought not only to be liberal in its offers of pay before enlist ment, but generous in its treatment of the men afterwards. Above all things, is should be just to all parties, high or low, and as rigorous in the en• forcement of discipline on the part of the officers as on that of the men. How far the undoubted un popularity of the service may be accounted for by the brutality and drunkenness of those in command THE SIM, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, APRIL 21, 1864. may possibly be estimated by the following narra tive of the wrongs and misfortunes of a British subject, the details of which are derived from his own mouth, to the truth of which he has sworn, and which there is reason to believe have already been brought under the notice of the British Government, with a view to obtain redress from the United States. It appears that on March 21, 1863, a British blockade-runner, the steamer Nicholas 1., was captured off Wilmington, North Carolina, by the United States gunboat Victoria, taken charge of by a Lieut. Ivison, or Everson, of that vessel, and a prize crew, and ordered to New York for adjudication. One of the firemen on board, named James O'Neill, 45 years of age, a native of Dublin and a British subject, was asked by the chief engineer of the captor to volunteer to work as fire man, or rather to continue to work as fireman, till the prize reached New York, and promised wages at the rate of a dollar and a half a day. O'Neill consented, and the engineer having been ordered to get up steam about 10 o'clock on the morning of the capture he worked until 2 o'clock, under the super intendence of a first class fireman named Gurdon, sent on board from the Victoria. At that time the prize was brought to anchor off Wilmington, and O'Neill, stepping to the ventilator to cool himself, told Gardon that quantities of gunpowder and salt were stowed in the bows of the vessel, and that it would be advisable to inform Lieut. Everson of the fact, in case any of the crew should be careless in smoking or in going about with lights. Gurdon was of the same opinion, and left O'Neill below while he reported the circumstance to the officer. In a few minutes Lieut. Everson made his appear ance, drunk, and wildly excited, and seeing O'Neill called out to him to keep back or he would shoot him. O'Neill had no time to reply before the lieu.. tenant discharged a pistol at him, the ball from which entered the left thigh, severing one of the ar teries. Gurdon indignantly remonstrated with the lieutenant for shooting a man who had been working hard and doing good service, but the lieutenant made no other remark than " It's all right," and left the man to his fate. By Gurdon's promptitude and care the wound was bound up till the surgeon arrived. O'Neill had fainted from loss of blood, and was taken on deck. A torniquent was applied, and he was removed on board the Victoria. After remain ing there for five days he was sent to Fortress Mon roe, and thence to the hospital at Norfolk, where he was subjected to the painful operation of baying the artery tied, and lay upon his back helpless for 62 days. As soon as he was able to crawl about by the aid of a stick he was transferred from the hospital to the Brandywine storeship at Fortress Monroe, and kept a close prisoner in irons, until the doctor, after two days, seeing his utter helplessness, had the irons removed. He remained in prison in this ship from the 15th of June to the lath of November, when he was again put in irons, placed on board the transport ship Newbern, and conveyed to the navy yard at Brooklyn, preparatory to his consignment to Fort Lafayette as a prisoner of State. In this dungeon he was confined in a casemate with two other prisoners—one named Andrews, charged with being a ringleader in the New York anti-conszription riots in July last. He was locked up night and day, allowed neither exercise nor fresh air, nor permitted to leave his cell even for the calls of nature. This particular casemate was called "the doomed cell." He obtained his liberty early in March, through the representations of Lord Lyons, to whom the facts were officially transmitted by the British con sul at this port; but his wound, and the subsequent cruelties he experienced, have seriously, and, per haps, permanently, injured his health. He has not recovered the use of his leg, is quite unable to work, and totally destitute. Lieutenant Everson, on being called upon by Ad miral Lee, his superior officer, to explain his con duct, had nothing further to say than that O'Neill had a keg of gunpowder in his hands, which he was about to cast into the furnace to blow up the ship and all on board, when he shot him to prevent the catastrophe. He still persists in this statement, though it has no foundation but in the temporary insanity of his own intoxication and alarm at the time, and is disproved by the evidence of Gurdon and the other firemen who witnessed the circum stance. Does not the Federal Government owe it to its own dignity, to the naval service, and to every man i❑ it to bring Everson to trial for this cruel outrage? And, moreover, does it not owe it to the British Government and to poor O'Neill to pay a liberal compensation to the unhappy man who in the execution of his duty was maimed and ruined for life by the frantic fool and blackguard who only had power and opportunity to commit such a wrong be cause he happened to be invested with the autho rity of an officer of the United States and the right ,o wear its uniform P THE WAR IN DENMARK. (From the Tines Special Correspondent at the Danish Head-quarters.) ULKEBOL, April 15. The fire of the Prussians began to languish on Wednesday about sundown, and although it never ceased altogether in the course of yesterday and of last night, and although it is going on even at this moment, it has greatly abated the awful intensity which it displayed during the previous days. My impression was on the evening before last that the Germans had been using their ammunition with little discretion, and that they had rather suddenly fallen short of it. I see no reason to depart from my surmise, and if that was the only reason for their Blackened activity the respite allowed to the Danes need not be long, for the means of communication the Prussians have at command will soon enable them to bring forward fresh stores. On 'Wednesday evening, at 11 o'clock, the Prus sians made a sudden rush on the Danish rifle-pits, placed at about 1,200 feet from Bastion No. 2, on the left, and possessed themselves of them. A com pany of Danish infantry sallied forth immediately with a view to recover the lost pits, but they were barely 200 men. They soon found themselves enve loped by a large:German force, and had to withdraw as they best could, leaving 75 of their number, be tween dead, wounded, and prisoners, besides the contested rifle-pits, in the enemy's hands. The casualties in the forts for the same day exceeded the average 100 dead and wounded. %Ve had on this side reckoned the Prussian shots in the days of the hottest cannonade at the rate of 6,000 to 7,000 daily. Ia the German papers the ac count is much more formidable. They have, they say, 18 field-batteries on the line, between ten com panies of siege artillery, at work. Their daily can nonade averages from 10,000 to 12,000 shots, and no less than 500,000 shot and Ellen have been hurled against the Dybbol bastions since the bombardment began. In proportion to this immense effort the re sult may be said to be infinitesimal. It has, howl ever, very serious consequences on so small an army as that of the Dane 3. The Forts No. 1 and 2 are terribly shaken, and No. 6 is not in a mach more hopeful condition. Earthworks, cannon, block. house, and all give in—all but the undaunted spirit of the Danes. How it will all end it is tco easy to foresee, but the tragedy is put off from day to day , and the Conference may, perhaps, be in time to save the bright honour of old Denmark. The Bth Regi ment alone has lost no less than 11 officers. There is no doubt also but the Prussians evince great lack of decision and of settled plan in their ope rations. Thry opened their frightful cannonade — I say nothing of their mere bungling and fum bling work of the three previous weeks, but the real formidable cannonade against the Dybbol line at the beginning of this month, and after the first heat they almost forgot the Dybbol bastions to turn all th© violence of their wrath against the defenceless town of Sonderborg. They see med partly to have repented this wanton piece of Van dalism, and again, for five or six days in succession, thundered away at the forts. Tki9 fire was at first almost entirely aimed at the left; it then suddenly concentrated all its energies on the right. They have been ail this time merely feeling their way. Yesterday, again, and the day before, it seemed as it the Prussians cared but little for either the town of Sonderborg or the bastions of Dybbol, and all their efforts were made against the Sound. I have already told you that the great farming es'.ablish ment at Itonhave, after lying for more than two months at the mercy of the enemy, within sight of his sentries across the water at Sandbjerg, was at However stoutly determined to stand their ground even at Dybbol, the Danes do contemplate the pos sibility of their loss of that position, and are prepar ing against the worst contingencies. The retreat of their troops is assured bythe means of broad avenues across the fields, and by a number of rafts and pon toons, which would add to the efficiency of the bridges already in existence in facilitating the con veyance of troops across the water, while the ad vance of the enemy would be retarded by barricades, abattis, cheraur de (rise, and such other contrivances as the modern art of war suggests. Should Dybbol fall, three or four days must elapse before the Prus sians can advance their artillery and take new posi tions so as to be ready to push on their advantage across the Strait. By that time it is not impossible that the Conference may bring about an armistice, placing the armies in state quo, in which event the Danes would, at the very worst, retain undisputed possession of the island. But it would be premature, I believe, to suppose that they would either retire or be driven even from Dybbol before the 20th. It will he some time before I forget the blank look with which good i‘lr. Rosen looked at me when I met him yesterday morning and asked him whether it was Ronhave that was burning, and the husky voice with which be gave his affirmative answer. It is not easy for a man to walk with a steady step towards his own home in flames, and such a happy home as Ronhave. We met coming from the same direction several soldiers, and even a few peasants, being carried to the Augustenburg hospital, wounded ; for the Prussians are in no way particular, and they fired indiscriminately on the fugitives ; but even the anguish of those death spread countenances affected me less than the dis traction of the poor man the smoke of whose burn- ing house darkened the sun in the sky. It takes so very much to shake the equanimity of those stout hearted Northerners, or to surprise them in any un seemly exhibition of feeling. More than 3,000 men iiiave lately come to rein force the army here, and we have daily men and officers from Bornholm, an island off the coast of Sweden, which, like Iceland, is exempt from the Danish military conscription, and whose militia are only bound to defend their owu territory. Many of the Bornbolmers, however, come forward as volunteers, cheerfully giving their lives for the cause of the common country in these straits. I had yesterday to confirm by a new telegram my despatch of the 3d ult., in which I stated that the town of Sonderborg had been bombarded without any previous intimation. The German papers have first impugned the fact altogether, then they have attempted to explain it by saying that "the shell ing Sonderborg took pine) in retaliatio❑ of the fire directed by the Danes against the village of Dybbol, where the Prussian wounded lay." The pretext is simply absurd. The village in question was a desert at the time the Prussians got posses sion of it, and it lay only half a mile from the guns of the Danish bastion, and German batteries were reared behind its houses and in its churchyard. If the Prussians laid their wounded there, the murder of those poor sufferers must be laid at their own door. They might as well have established their hospital at the outposts, and used their wounded as buffers to cover their advance. I understand that the insignia of the Order of the Dannebrog,conferred by the King of Denmark upon Mr. Auberon Herbert, have been sent to that gen• tleman in England through her Majesty's Legation in Copenhagen. last made the object of a deliberate attack of the Prussian cannon, and had therefore to be abandoned by its owner, who had barely time to drive his cattle and other easily moveable property from the pre• miser. What I said about that dear rural spot must now sound like a dirge on its final downfall. The place is no more. Yesterday a huge column of smoke rose in the heavens on the north western quarter of the horizon, and we were soon assured that the great barn and hay and straw lofts of Ronhave were on fire. I met Herr Rosen, the farmer, in company with tile Ulkebol parson hastening to the spot, not with the faintest hope to avert, but simply to ascertain the extent of the calamity. The farm-house continued to burn from morning to evening, and its smoke, reddening in the glorious sunset, presented as sublime a spectacle as any I have witnessed in this war, which has been, however, so rich in sights of this nature. The air has been very keen, but incredibly bright and pure for the whole of this week, both night and day, and as I watched the fall of evening yesterday from the arbour behind '..he cluster of the Sonderborg windmills I looked into nearly the whole extent of Sundewel and the adjacent seas, embracing at one glance the line of fire blazing away here and there in desultory flashes, unceasing, though sluggish and sullen. The column of red smoke of Ronhave was gradually darkening as daylight waned, and it towered in the sky a mere black phantom by the time the young moon had asserted her ascendancy over the starlit firmament. The fate of Ronhave ex tended to several other farmhouses at Kjoeer and Ulkebol Wes'Armark. The Prussians are bent on sweeping everything before them that lies in their way on the eastern side of the Sound, from Sonder borg to Arnkielsore. French Academy of Sciences. A the o e lest i enormous sitting z t s i i ng e ll. Valenciennes tooth t f nfoundlilnentheeononleis pr ti c formation of the neighbourhood of Pcitiers. It belonged to the genus crocodile- and its dimensions show what a gigantic saurian the owner must have been. It is conical, regularly roupd e d o ff, and slightly curved ; the length of the outer side is 14 centimetres, that of the inner one 9, indepen dently of the root. It is 30vered with a black and striped enamel. The ltr ges t c rocodile's tooth of the living s p ecie ' Ireserved in the Cabinet of Comparative Anatomy of the Garden of Plants is not one-fourth of the size of this fossil one ; so that if the same proportion was maintained in the rest of the body, the fossil crocodile of Poitiers must have been four times larger than the existing species of the Nile, or about 100 ft. long. The Museum of Poitiers contains fossil r ema i n s of other gigantic saurians found in the same oolitic bed.—M. Ed. Fournier produced an artificial larynx composed of an India rubber pipe and several keys and pedals, by means of which the action of the natural muscles is imitated, and sounds similar to those of the hu man voice are produced. This apparatus is con structed according to the inventor's theory of the production of sound, founded on a long patient investigation of the construction and action of the larylar.—M. Poey sent in a paper on the azimuth rotation of clouds, in which he endea voured to show that the law of the rotation of winds explained in 1827 by M. Dove is not only perfectly applicable to clouds, but that it even is the rotation of the latter which determines that of the lower winds, and modifies all meteorological phenomena. M. Dove states that when, in the northern hemi sphere, currents of air from the equator blow alter nately with polar currents, the wind veers round all the points of the comp a ss in a S.W.N.E.S. direc• ton, and that the inverse direction takes place in the southern hemisphere. Ml. Poey, by tables com prising 280,320 o b serva tions taken by him from Jan. 1, 1862, to Jan. 1 1864, shows that the same is the case with the clouds, which he classifies into fracto-cumuli nearest the earth's surface; and cirrocumuli and cirri, according to their altitude, the last being the irghest. ADVERTISEMENT." _A v oid rnedbines: they always aggra vate chronic complaints, abica but Dußarry's Delicious health perfect digestion, stron g ne rves, Fool, which saves fifty times its cost in other remedies, tuvaritbly cures them, restoring s o u nd lungs, healthy liver, pure blood, refreshing sleep, tunc ticnal regularity, and energy to the most disorderedo r enfeeblec. We extract a few out of 60,000 Cures :—Cure No. 58, 21 6 of the Ma r c hioness de Brehan, Paris, of a liver complain', wasting away for seven years, debility, with a nervous - ) alpitation all over, bad digestion, constant sleepl e ssness, tie most intolerable nervous agitation, and dreadfully l ow wirited.—Cure No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies, Lori Lieut. of Waterford , o f m any years' dyspepsia.—No. 49,831. "Fifty : r ears' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sick nes s, and vomiting.—Maria Jolly." —Cure No. 46,270. Mr J ames Roberts, of Frimley, Surrey, of thirty years' diseased l ung s, Fpittng of blood, liver derange • ment, and partial detr uess ._Curt No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cute No. 54,816. The Rev. Jas, T. Campbell, Fakent am, Norfolk," of indigestion and torpi dity of the liver, which had resistel all medical treatment." In tins, 1 lb., Is. od. ; 21b., 4s. 0- 1 ; 51b., lls. ; 121 b., 225. ; 241 b also Fortnum and Mison ; and all Grocers anti Cheniists in 40s.—Barry Du Barr.‘: an d c o ., No. 77, Regent-street, London ; every town of the IlLited Kingdom. MALTA, April 16.—There is little to notice in the way of the movements of her Majesty's ships during the past week. No arrivals have taken placefrom Corfu since that of the Ma gicienne, 16, Capt. IV, Armytage, on the Bth, with a powder brig in tow, The Magicienne is now refitting and making good the damage caused to her by the tender Growler running into her while at Corfu during a gale of wind. The only departure is that of the Surprise, 4, Commander W. H. Whyte, for the Pirwus, on the 9th inst. Telegraphic intelligence has been received from Corfu to the 14th inst., at which date her Majesty's ship Orlando, 46, Capt. G. Randolph, was still there. The Fox, 2, screw storesbip, Staff Commander T. C. Pullen, was collecting stores in the lonian Islands for England. The Dromedary, 2, iron screw troopship, Master Commander A. Brown,was to leave Corfu to-day (16th inst.) with stores for Malta and England. The Trident, 3, Commander C. J. Balfour, was at Patras on the 30th March; and the Cossack, 20, Capt. IV. R. Rolland, is still on the lonian station. The Fox hound, 4, Commander W. H, Anderson, is daily expected at Malta from Corfu and Benghazi. The Caradoc, 2, paddle wheel despatch vessel, Lieut.-Commander E. Wilkinson (now in port), is under orders to leave shortly with the Bishop of Gibraltar, Dr. Trower, for Messina, the Piraeus, and Smyrna, at which last mentioned place his lordship in tends holding a confirmation, after which she will resume her station at Constantinople, in attendance on her Majesty's ambassador, Sir Henry Bulwer. No changes have occurred in the distribution of the other ships of the Mediterranean fleet, The Revenge, 73 (bearing the flag of Rear Admiral H. R. Yelverton, C. 8.), Capt. the Hon. F. A. Foley; the Gibraltar, 81, Capt. J. C. Prevost; the Resistance, iron clad, 16, Capt. W. C. Chamberlain, and the Wanderer, 4, Commander M. C. Seymour, are at the Piraxis, The Re sistance has been ordered to Malta, and was to call at Corfu on her way. The Wesor 6, Commander A. H. J. Johnstone, and the Cockatrice, 2, Lieut. Commander R. M. Gillson, are still on the Danube station. The Ph. be, 35, Capt. T. D. A. Fortescue, and the Chanticleer, 17, Commander J. E. F. Risk, were at Iskanderoum, on the coast of Syria, on the 2Sth March. The Meeanee, 60, and the Liffey, 35, Capt. George Parker, are refitting in Malta harbour. There are also here ready for sea the Marlborough, 121 (bearing the flag of Vice Admiral R. Smart, K.H.), Capt. C. Fel lowes ; the Royal Oak, ironclad, 35, Capt. F. A. Camp bell ; the Pelican, 17, Commander 11. W. Comber ; the Icarus, 11, Acting-Commander Boger; and the Psyche, 2, paddlewheel despatch vesesel, Lient.-Commander R. Sterne, an Austrian ironclad, screw•frigate, the Don Juan, of Austria, 31 guns, and 6JO horse power, commanded by Capt. Pokorny, arrived here on the llth inst., accompanied by a screw corvette of 22 guns, the Frederic, Capt. Welp plinger, from Pola and Lissa. After replenishing fuel, pro visions, and water they both sailed for the westward on the 13th inst., it is understood, to join Admiral Wflerstorff's squadron in the Tagus, and probably thence to proceed northwards. The ironclad is sharp at bow and stern, and is armed with a projecting stem, to be used as a battering ram when necessary. She carries her gnus only four feet above the water-line, and naval men consider her very in ferior to any of the ironclads constructed for the British navy. Accounts from Gibraltar to the Bth inst. say that her Majesty's screw corvette Racoon was to leave that place on the 2d of May for Marseilles to embark Prince Alfred, and then to proceed on a cruise to the coast of Italy and the Black Sea. Her Majesty's iron screw troopship Tamar, 2, Capt. F. H. Stirling, was daily expected there on her way to Corfu, to embark troops, but nobody seemed to know what had become of her. She had been due for a fortnight from the coast of Africa. The Italian ironclad ship Re Galantuomo, which was supposed at one time to have foun dered with all on bard, left Gibraltar on the 28th ult. fur Naples. By direction of the Lords of the Admiralty a report has been made by the dockyard officials of the condition of the Dragon, Hermes, Renard, and Alacrity steamers, attached to the third division of the Chatham Steam Reserve, which it is proposed shall be broken up, owing to their unfitness for further service. The Dragon and the Hermes are both paddlewheel steamers and pierced for six guns each, the Dragon being of 1,270 tons and SGD horse power. The Hermes is of S3O tons, and is fitted with engines of 220 horse power. The Alacrity and the Renard are both screw gunvessels mounting four guns, and of 200 horse power each. The following appointments and promotions have been male at the Admiralty ;—Francis W, 0. Grant, midship man, to the Aurora—Herbert Woolley, in the Alert, Thos. W. Trail!, in the Jackal, and Robert Brown, in the Hector, promoted to be chief engineers—Edward T. Read, engineer, to the Jackal—Philip Gouchy, engineer, to the Hector— Richard E, Denison, engineer, to the Gladiator—William Roberts, engineer, to the Indus—John A. Kitt, assist. engineer, to the Gladiator—John Runnel!, assist. engineer, to the Indus—James Oldtield, engineer, to the Indus— D. A, Campbell, John Leicester, George Metcalf, and Geo. R. Biss alter, first class assist. engineers, to the Marlborough, for disposal—Christepher Lund, first class assist, engineer, to the Pembroke—Robert Dixon, first class assist. engineer, to the Blenheim—Edward L. Carte, Edward J. Whatmore, Robert W. Allison, Henry G. - Haywood, and George Pur kis, second class assist, engineers, to the Marlborough, for disposal—Thomas Wilmott, second class assist. engineer, to the Pembroke—James Stocks, second class assist, engi neer, to the Blenheim—Bryant G. Little, acting second class assist. engineer, to the Majestic, for the tenders—John T. Maggs, acting second class assist. engineer, to the Marlborough, for disposal— George J. H. Hogg and Wal ter S. Chambre, master's assistants, to the Victory, as supernumeraries—and Francis J. Palmer, master's assistant, to the Prince Consort, Lord Colville has been appointed honorary Lieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserve. THE ARMY. The Field-Marshal Commanding-in-Chief will hold a levee at I o'clock to-morrow. The following General Regimental Order has been issued " Horse Guards, S.W., April 11 " In announcing to the corps the lamented death of Col, Charles Bingham, Deputy-Adjt.-Gen., Royal Artillery, the Field .Marshal Commanding-in-Chief considers it due to the memory of an officer who so ably, uprightly, and zeal ously fulfilled the duties of a position of special trust and responsibility, to record the sense his Royal Highness en tertains of the important and valuable services rendered by Colonel Bingham to that position. This can be but imperfectly conveyed in the limits of a general order, and those to whom Col, Bingham was known will understand how inadequate also must be the expression of his Royal Highness's regret at the loss of an officer of such tried ability, kindly disposition, and sterling worth of character, and for whom the Field Marshal Commanding-in Chief, in common with the entire corps, entertained the greatest re spect and esteem. "By command of Field Marshal his Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, K,G., Colonel of the Royal Artillery. "L. GARDINER, Assist.-Adj t.- Gen." A circular, signed by General H, D. Ross and dated Horse Guards, April 1864, states that,— " The desiro of paying a tribute of respect to the late Col. Charles Bingham, Deputyadjutant-General, Royal Artillery, having been generally expressed, a committee composed of the following officers has been formed, under the special sanction of his Royal Highness the Colonel of the regiment, in order to afford to their brother officers an opportunity of giving united effect to what is believed to be the spontaneous wish of the corps :—President, General Sir Hew D. Ross, G.C.B. Members—Major•General Sir R. J. Dares, K.C.8., Major-General J. Bloomfield, Colonel G. Gambier, C. 8., Colonel H. L. Gardiner. Captain Forbes, secretary, "The committee, having met on the 11th of April, 1864, resolved to submit for the consideration of their brother officers that the high opinion of Colonel Bingham expressed by the Field Marshal Commanding-in-Chief, iu the General Regimental Order of this date, should bo responded to by the regiment. "To the superior abilities and untiring diligence ad verted to in that order Colonel Bingham united a kindness of heart and integrity of character, also recognised by his Royal Highness, that gained him the constant goodwill of his brother officers, and in putting forward a proposal for a regimental memorial the committee believe that they are but meeting the desire of each individual officer to pay a suitable mark of personal respect to late Deputy-Adjutant- General of the corps. " Leaving for future consideration the mode in which this feeling shall find expression, the committee propose to invite commanding-officers to take such measures ;is they may think best for collecting subscriptions, not exceeding one day's pay, from each officer to apply to such memorial, or in such a manner as the committee, with his Royal Highness's sanction, shall hereafter determine to be most consonant with the wishes of Colonel Bingham's family and friends, and with the universal esteem entertained for him by the corps. "An account will be opened with Messrs. Cox and Co., who will receive any additional subscriptions beyond the day's pay that officers may wish to contribute." The hired transport Velocipade, 83 days out, has arrived at Woolwich, with time-expired men and their families, from the Falkland Islands. There were two deaths, namely, one woman and one child, and two births on board during the voyage home. The men have been relieved by a de tachment of the Woolwich division of the Royal Marine Light Infantry. Persons in debt may obtain instant protection against imprisonment or seizure of their goods, and an entire release from all debts and liaLilities without publicity, by application to Messrs. Marshall, solic.tors of the Court o! Bankruptcy. Charges under £5 payable by easy instalments. Offices— (established 1830), 12, liatton-garden. City branch-6, Moor gate-street, Bank.—ADvr. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—HoIIoway's Pills.—Enjoyment of Lite.—When the blood is pure, its circulation perfect, and the nerves in good order, we are well. These pills possess a marvellous power in securing these great secrets of health, by purifying, regulating, and strengthening fluids and solids. Holloway's Pills can be confidently recom mended to all persons suffering from disordered digestion, or worried by nervous fancies or neuralgic pains. They correct acidity and heartburn, dispel sick headache, quicken the action of the liver, and ace as alteratives and gentle aperients. The weak and delicate may take them without fear. Holloway's Pills are eminently serviceable to invalids of irritable constitutions, as they raise the action of every organ to its natural standard, and universally exercise a calming and kedative influence. Naval and Military Intelligence. THE NAVY. SPIRIT OP THE PUBLIC JOURNALS, TI3IES.—We have been in the habit of comment ing with freedom, but we trust not with licence, on the policy pursued by the Government of our great ally, the Emperor of the French. We have con stantly expressed our regret when we have seen him forego the greatest and most glorious opportunity. As having no wish whatever forany dynastic change we lamented to see the elements of permanent and solid popularity squandered for the sake of momen tary glitter and renown, and the resources of a great country employed to add to a military glory of which she has already sufficient, instead of being employed in developing the industry and accumu lating the wealth which her climate, her geographi cal position, her soil, and the intelligence of her people all combine to furnish. We have charac terised the policy of the Emperor as rather contra dictory than ambiguous, now apparently devoted to the prosecution of war, and again entirely ab sorbed by the occupations of peace. Considering the vast influence which France exerts over the desti nies of the world, we watch this perpetually recur ring conflict with the keenest interest, according as the good or the evil ;principle gains the mastery. To-day we have to notice what we must accept as evi dence of a solid victory for the cause of peace. The event is in itself remarkable enough. On the Oth of Prairie], in the seventh year of the French Republic —that is, on May 25, 1799—the Directory imposed a surcharge, or additional tax, on every mortgage registration stamp of the tenth part of a franc. This impost, yielding about 26,000,000 francs, or a little more than a million sterling, was imposed for a sin gle year ; but, alas ! how short-lived is man, and what tremendous vitality, denied to frames of flesh and blood, is inherent in the very nature of a tax ! The East has seen kingdoms and monarchies suc ceed each other without working any considerable change in the position of the ryot or the zemindar, and Greece, after her successful revolution, still groans under that most intolerable of all iniquities, the Turkish Land Tax. Even so it proved with this innocent decime. Brought into existence only for a year, it has outlived the Consulate, sur vived the Empire, witnessed the brief glories of the first Restoration, the terrible drama of the Hundred Days, the reigns of the brothers of Louis XVI., the Republican Monarchy of the House of Orleans, the Republic itself, and the restoration of the Empire. Yet even this most vivacious tax, which seemed des tined to endure through every vicissitude of war, peace, and revolution, has fallen at last, at the mature age of sixty-five years, under the happy in fluence of the present Emperor. We do not feel that we know enough of the real state of the revenue of France to offer any very highflown congratula tion on the presert event. The taking off a tax is by no means necessarily equivalent to a correspond ing reduction of charge, and it may possibly be that the sum thus apparently remitted to the taxpayer is destined to appear again in a less intelligible form. The reduction, however, is said to be ocea sioned by a generous emulation existing between the Emperor of the French and our own Chancellor of the Exchequer. The spectacle that England has lately afforded of a great nation which, having .re duced its tariff to the utmost simplicity, is applying the resources economised in time of peace towards paying off the burdens incurred in time of war, has, we are told, excited the emulation of the French Government, and prompted them to this salutary change. No one can doubt that the repeal of so burdensome a tax must be highly beneficial to French industry. At any rate, the money is better employed than in the expensive folly of warlike armaments or remote expeditions. The money returns to the community to increase its resources, instead of being dissipated in pandering to its vanity or its ambition. It is a good beginning, and it only rests with the Government of France to erect a glorious superstructure on the foundation so happily laid. The money that is retrenched from military and naval armaments, although its destina tion is obscure, is the truest life of commerce and the strongest nerve of industry. Such remissions enable a nation to bear fresh burdens until taxes which are the terror and dread of one generation are scarcely felt at all by its succsesor. Let France calmly con sider what she has gained by her lavish expendi ture of blood and treasure during the sixty-five years over which this tax has been levied. France has carried her victorious standards to nearly every capital in Europe ; she has given by far the most splendid examples of enterprise and endurance that modern history affords; she has fought the greatest battles, gained the most glorious victories, con ducted the grandest sieges, and performed the longest marches which history records. She has impoverished and reduced to the lowest state of misery every country in turn on which devolved the grievous burden of feeding her victorious bat talions. History has no parallel to the miseries she has suffered and inflicted, epic has nothing grander than her exploits, tragedy nothing sadder than her reverses. We have endeavoured to describe the sacrifices she has made—unrivalled, unequalled, un approached in the annals of the v. [le d. What nas resulted from them? What has France to show as the product of all her victories and all her 6 -lories ? At first she fought for opinion, and fought so ieng that she herself became the victim to the very des potism which she designed to extirpate. Then she fought for Empire, and with so much success that she taught the vanquished nations her own arts of conquest, and brought them back upon her in an irresistible flood which carried all before it. W:th commerce ruined, with crippled manufactures, with the manhood of a who'e generation offered up to the Moloch of aggressive war, she found herself after 20 years restricted within toe same narrow limits as those from which she went forth to conquer and to stay. Since then, merely to keep up the military spirit of her population, she has buried in the sands of Algeria hundreds of thousands of men whose arms might have cleared her forests, drained her marshes, and embanked her rivers, but whose bones are bleaching in the inhospitable deserts which it was her glorious folly to conquer and to annex. Is it not enough ? Is it not time that a nation so richly endowed with all the qualities and talents which decorate and adorn civil life should rest from these vain and exhausting labours, and exchange the pursuit of ambition for the search after happi ness ? To France alone of all nations of the earth this choice is absolutely free and unconstrained. England must watch the proceedings of other na tions, and endeavour to keep her fleet on a scale which may be sufficient to counteract the force of their combined navies. Every other country must proportion its force to the military power of France. France alone is mistress of her own armaments. She can reduce them without fear of invasion or in sult; she cannot increase them without disturbing the equilibrium of the whole world. We trust that the taste for reduction in taxation will increase among our neighbours. Among us it has grown upon what it feeds on, and becomes the surest gua rantee of peace. When France had acquired the same tastes the world may sleep at eti:l for the greatest of its dangers have passed away. POST.—As we have already stated, Garibaldi in all probability, though the final decision is not yet taken, leaves London to- morrow, and England early in the ensuing week. He returns to Caprera in the Duke of Sutherland's yacht, and the noble duke will accompany his distinguished guest. The letters we published yesterday have sufficiently and satisfac torily accounted for the interruption of arrange ments in which the country at large was interested; and the statements made in both Houses of Parlia ment, by Lord Palmerston and by Lord Clarendon, have entirely dissipated the wholly unfounded and manifestly absurd rumours which attributed the unexpected determination of the General's visit to foreign interference. The plain and simple truth is that Garibaldi has done what we most of us have, at some period of our lives, been compelled, however reluctantly, to do. He has yielded to the advice of his eminent medical adviser; but it is due to Mr. Fergusson to say that, though he has only acted as we hope every surgeon in a like case would have acted, the firmness and professional decision he has displayed redound very much to his honour. It would have been a cause of deep grief to the friends and admirers of Garibaldi, not only here but throughout the wcrld, if his health, regard for which was understood to be the main object of the visit he has paid us, had suff ere d f rom th e con ti nue d excitement a prolonged t our i u th e p rov i nces wou ld have committed him to, Th e G enera l hi mse lf, as we can readily under s ta n d, was mos t d es i rous t o gratify the English p eop l e , an d to ac k now l e d ge i n ahnedh ina s t w h i e s i e r l y care allowed o f w o r e d a lifehis es person their spontan eous an d h earty we l come. B ut friendsprecious e t i h e i e n e k pe f for aid is session of the country he delivered, those friends have courageously witnessed to the strength and sincerity of their friend s hip. it was suggeste d th a t, after an interval of repose, the Genera'. might pro ceed to a few of the prin c ip a l t owns f rom w hi c h he had accepted invitations ; but the selection would have been attended with considerable difficulty ; and there can be . no doubt th a t, on the whole, it was most expecnent to make th e mu tual sacrifice complete. The reception that awaited Garibaldi in the country was one w hi c h h e wou ld have been delighted to receive, and which the people of Eng land were, as their disappointment abundantly testifies, eager to offer to exceedingly him. Still, in the midst of universal regret, it will, we believe, be confessed th a t th e p l easure : w hi c h embraced a risk it was painful to contemplate would have been too dearly purchased, With reference to the little ebullition of factio us ma l evo l ence an d narrow-mind e d suspicion which for so me h ours excited the astonish ment and indignation of this metropolis, much as Englishmen must deplore the absence of self-r espect it evidenced, and offensive as it was to make the name of our honoured guest the pretext for political vituperation, the incident has brought out one fact, at least, which might otherwise have escaped pub licity. We know now, almost directly from his own lips, that the Emperor of the French has seen this great demonstration as we ourselves have seen it. He thinks our reasption of Garibaldi has done US honour as a nation, and he admires the feelings it has expressed. No one who at all accurately appre ciated the Emperor's character could have doubtei that these were the oantiments he entertained, hut we are nevertheless glad to have them authen ticated in his own words. There can be no personal estrangement between great men, and the English people wonhl have sunk considerably in the esteem of Napoleon if they had not done homage to Garibaldi. ,So far, therefore, Vol has come out of the evil tOat was intended; and, for the rest, although Mazz.n.i's name has, contrary to the advice of the Turin jourL al which is suPPus ed to represent the opinions of ti 1 e Party of Actio°l been irrelevantly interpolated in a welcome given expressly to Garibaldi, we rejoice tal know that the great body of the Italian residents i.i this country have readily obeyed the injunctions their illustrious chief caused to be conveyed to them before hip landed. They have well comprehended theirobi igations both to Garibaldi and to England, and we owe atoll our thanks for contributing, by the attitude they took up, to the freedom and cordiality of our *aospitalitY• We have done what we could, in our osrn ways 5° make Garibaldi feel at home with us ; and now that our guest is on the eve of departure, we are, also in our own way, taking thought for him to I matter which he appears not to have himself co b n . - sidered. Garibaldi is a poor man ; and though ig poverty is honourable to him we. must be permitted to think that one who has devoted his lite to a holy cause deserves, at least, to be placed out of the reach of all pecuniary anxieties. That is how we look at such a case in this country. Therefore, having resolved to present to the General some testi monial of our respect and admiration, it h.as been, as we think, well determined to make it a substantial and abiding memorial of the 1 1. 111- pathy of the English people. The meeting at Stafford House has laid the foundation of a Bub' scription which will, we cannot doubt, be raised to a sum England need not be ashamed to offer as an expression of her sense of the services of Gene ral Garibaldi has rendered not to Italy alone, but to every nation that breathes the air of fre edom- There . has been no segregation of classes or p arties in the reception and entertainment cf th e Italian patriot ; and the same rule will, we trust, b° observed in what is the sequel and the seal , our hospitality. The half-million of peop le greeted Garibaldi Ns hen he entered London must admit that the Duke of Sutherland has nobly re' presented their welcome; and as he, too, haad initiated this subscription, they will nnd erstan, that it is open to all who honour a disinte rested soldier and a good man. The object app r°ve o itself. Unhappily we cannot entertain the be% that Garibaldi's visit to this country ,has tend e , o to re-establish his health. It seems, indeed, id have been forgotten that he was an invalid, se., he has suffered more, we fear, than he will OW; from the exertion that has been imposed upon him. But though the General returns to CaPr.e!s without having attained the chief end of his 10 5 , 1 ; he will not, we venture to believe, regret that ', undertook the voyage, which has made him b?tt. e i ; acquainted with a people who fervently e6l,„t that his life and strength may be preserved '1;0 the service of the • country he raised from to., depths of oppression to the independent an d P r raising position it now occupies. COUNTRY MARKETS. LYNN—TUESDAY. an At to-day's market there was a moderate attendan ce) last week's prices declined is per qr. .0 to 3 t 3s -' White wheat 42s to 44s / Barley . ..... , ' S cOg tO ' Itcd.. - 1g 245 Beans .32s to 31s I Oats.. Small 313 to 36s I Peas ..... .l. .....S: t t o o ....1 HULL—TUESDAY. At to-day's market there was a fair supply of „,-- n - ore ign whet, which sold slowly tls per qr declin. 1 : also a easier to buy, and last s week's rates wer e e so t ' 4 "" - tgd• Grinding barley better to sell, but malting sorts neg'e,,st, Beans sold freely. Peas quite neglected. Oats in retail-- and in some instances 6cl higher. A&s Wheat.... Old white....per qr 42s Od 0d Old red 40s Od to -,1 re, New white New red ... „ Barley, ... English malting : 3 7 81 s sB 0d to t t t c o t ''' 433 45 g° 6 6° a l Grinding 24 s Od to 2 ? 3 Od Saal and Oderbruck Holstein and Danish 3 3 20: 0 01 to o 3 3 ,: s Od Grindinc , lf Oats Fnglis, o ld Archangel and Riga, per st osl2ld to ~ i,a Friesland and Dutch 05 1 3d to 0,3-I,ja Swedish and Danish oBl2ld to ny; Beans ....English, old, per qr. 4os Oa to 43 „! ed New pigeon 42s Od to 4 ,;; Od, New tick. 4os Od t01,', 2 ", 6a - E g ypti an Peas Foreign boilers ~. Grinding Tares .... Spring ... —s Od t t o o o 7,--'s „, Indian Corn s l (1 ,1 to 5 6 s ea Linseed, feeding . ,„ s o d 40s Od to a_r_ n crushing Linseed cakes (Hull) OlO oto 9 t) ° oreign! B l5 n to t 0 0 0 Rape cakes 5lO '' -° 510 0 Bones 5 5 0 MONMOUTH—TrEsma . The local markets have been thini attended d ur ing th e past week, and the average quotations are as follows ! , Wheat, white..ss 3d to bs 9tl I Barley.... . 3s 4d to 23 B °. 9a Ditto red. .Os Od to Os Od .2 5 2dt0 25 DUBLIN—T:O I)Kr. 6 a Pe r Irish wheat and barley una lt e red. Oath 3d to dui barrel dearer. Foreign wheat and maize met w ith . t" of trade, and the prices of last week were made. fkur steady, but the trade was inactive. s. d. 0 . 0atmea1...... 10 0 to 13 0 Beans.. ..... 0 to 0 to •-••• Bere . ........ Rapeseed -- to •-", Bakers' flour 14 oto l a v 0 Indian corn .. 27 0 to s.d. s.d. Wheat, white.. 21 0 to 26 6 Do., red .. 21 6 to 24 0 Do., new .... 0 to 0 Barley Oats Do., black — 0 to 0 COAL hi . Frlees of Coal per Ton at s. d. :ARKET. t the close of the inertet' 0. d• Lambert's West Hart- Walls End' 19 i i ley 16 9 Braddyll's Hatton''''' ' 19 0 Hui ywell ..17 6 Heugh Hall ......... 19 South Ke110e.... ... it, 29 ; sold, 29. Ships at marker Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS:DUB.I vul 1 9 ' Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton ...... ...,'"7: 4 1 3 * via Marseilles ......... I:1 I / 4. a 0, brazil and Cape nerds, by British packet. ....... oh 0 Cape of Good Hope, AsrAnsion, and St. He1en5.•,,, 144 :v 2., China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southanipton.oh,i`o 2,''' via Marseilles ...or Falkland Islan- ds .. " Ap ril 0 " ......... Gibraltar, via Southampton .... ................„„av ~ India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via SouthanaPton..oi'A 27 via Marseilles.. • • A kv P r il ? I. : India (Bombay), via Southampton ............ V a il , via Marseilles ............... :1795,._46. Portugal.... Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton ...... ;r a d `, l via Marseilles ........ iar a y 1." Newfoundland Oporto and Vigo • . ........... A ?i t U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet.. •• ' (7 , by U.S. packet.. • • • js.p ril .....d:-- by Canadian packe l 'April x W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe .......... sal vis , . • Bahamas, via New York ..... • • Apri, Mexico .••• fi i 256 All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Yew j AP - California. and British Columbia. ........... 0 d -- .. e Po , The quotation of gold at Paris is about 1 per m ill pg. 0 : the short exchange on London is 25.171 per 1 1 stereo ,16 of comparing these rates with the English Mint P gol d ' 17s. bop. per ounce for standard gold, it appear ° t/1 nearly I.loth per cent. dearer in Paris than Loi___lc.4 Births. rte. BiDDuLru—On the 19th inst., at 27, Park-street , - nor-square, Mrs. R . e ' M. Biddulph, of a daughter 4 IDDELL.—On the 15th inst., at 48 , Thurloe-scluar R Henrietta Riddell, of a daughter. c oact WENTWORTH—On the 18th inst., at W e ntwor th ,,,,r. Yorkshire, Lady Harriet Wentworth, of a dig i g i T WINDHAM.—On the 19th inst., at 3:a Upper westpotllB4,2 terrace, Hyde-park, the wife of W. F. Windbag', of .Flanworth Hall, Norfolk, of a son and heir. Marriages. fligO lf TURNER—GA.RNETT.—On the 14th i t at St. d!" - rii to Piccadilly, William Turner , E s q., ll o g f " Che lteo pe oll a — y . Louisa Carteretta, youngest aughter of the late A T. Garnett, M.A. WATSON—WATSON—On the 20th inst., at ft l l I, s o uis" Langhatu-place, Lieut.-Colonel C E. Watson! t,,,° eldest daughter of R. Watson,L. or td 4 '''' park, Westmoreland. Deaths. gigh• ANDREWS—On the 18th inst, , Mr. John AnclreWe, II is ,Kensington,aged 48 8071. 4B. L Mr. ~:' 1:11, - ES—On the 18th inst., at Shoreham gill, l' e Robert Bowler._o l3O , 001 BnowN a the 18th inst , accidentally, Be.V .. m gtont ag ed Es . (1., 48 of Silwood Lodge, l ici Addison-road, -16-en'''" . ' HiTcHENs—On the 15th inst. , a t St. /ye's, Co rnwall, e _ denlY, Wm. Hitchens, Esq., ag ed 70. HELLISH—On the 18th inst., at liodsock Priory, ICatEll r,_ Lieut. Colonel W. Leigh Mellish, aged 51. the i tel. C PAAKEs_ On the 20th inst., at Chippingßarnet, Charles 4.. hel2tiliat.,:t 31, 1......................i1dinay.par ic, Spa rk e a, M.A., aged 57. Will is° iSTORY —Ou t Story, EN., aged 33. n ttc , VS. London: Prinz,ed and re.)llBhed Dy WILLIANIAN—,„ jj% of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SUN °Mee '''-'l., of Strand, , li the Precinct of the 3avoy . LI the Cottp a laitaleso.x.r.Thursday, A-yin 21, WI