The Sun. — London, England, 1864-07-23 00:00:00

ROYAL ITALIAN OPEIt A, Covent-Garden. Last Night but Six. F ro duction of Meyerbeer's g rand historical opera, in three act L'Etolle Du Nord, It will be remembered that this chef d'eeuvre of the great composer was produced in the latter part of the season 1855. It had only been performed on seven occasions when the calamitous burning of the old theatre took place, entirely consuming the immense mass of materiel so lately prepared for its representation. It may therefore almost be regarded a. a new work in this country. Since the erection of the pre sent theatre, four out of the five great works of Meyerbeer h ave been reproduced — viz ., Les 11114uenots, Le Prophete, Dinorah, and Roberto it Diavolo. The fitth—viz., L'ETOILE DU NORD, will be produced THIS EVENING (SATURDAY), July 23, with entirely new scenery. collstumes, and aat ppointmclock.ents. On this occasion the opera wi commence Bo' Catterina, Madame Miolan-Carvalho, her first appearance in that character, and her first appearance this sesscn ; eras covia, Mdlle, Maria Brunetti, her first appearance at the Royal. Italian Opera Natalia, Madame Rucersdorif ; Echi mona, Jenny Bauer, her first appearance this seas , n ; Daniiowitz, Signor Naudin, his first appearance in that character ; Giorgio, Signor Neri-Baraldi ; Gritzenko, Signor Ciampi, his first appearance in that character ; Coionel Yer rnoloff, St;nor ; Geberal Tcheremetieff, Signor Polonini ;• Rainoldo, Signor Capponi ; Signew Lucchesi; tiliciale Primo, Signor k'allaa ; Utticinle Second°, Signor Rossi and Pietro, M. r aure, his first appearance in that ~haracter in England. Conductor, Mr. Costa. The scenery by Mr. W. Beverley. Them achinery by Mr. Sloman. The appointments by Mr. 13roiato be' cos tII. umes by Mrs. James, 3ladame Vailet, Mr. Cooms, and SI. Hennier. The dances by M. Desplaces. The Mis-en-Scene by Mr. A. Harris. ?it tickets, 78.; amphitheatre stalls, 10s. ad., 75., and ss. ; amphitheatre. 2s. 6d. Boxes, stalls, and tickets may be had at the box-offic , under the portico <A the theatre, which is open from ten till five, and at the principal musicsellers' and 110 YAL PitINCESS'S THEATRE.... Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Geo. Vining. THIS EVENDTG, 13011 N TO GOOD LUCK. Paddy O'Rafferty, Mr. Dominick Murray. After which. the ne w p:ay by John Oxenford, Esq , THE H. Mellon, W. Robins, c. S t MONASTERY OF S 1• JUS r Messrs. Vining, H. Mars ton, J. Nelson, J• W • itay ey on, t hapman ; Mrs. H• Marston, and Mdlle. Stella colas. N' YAL, ADELPHI.- PrOVrietOr and Manazer, M. B. Webster. TH Es E'V ENING, SHAKSPERE'S HOUSE. Mr. J. L. Toole, Air. R. Phillips. After v hieb, JANET PRIDE : Messrs. B. Webster, J. L. p..l3edfrd Stut u, ar, 'To de, Stephenson, Romer ; Miss Woolgar, MISS Denman. Followed by THE AREA BELLE, with a Norrible Tale: vessrs. J. L. Toole, P. Bedford, tt. ItomerMisti Woolgar, and jars. 11. Lewis. Commence at 7. ROYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE, under the Management of Mr. B. WEBSTER. Lust three weeks of the present season. Crowded with rank and fashion. Ec•engagement of those ce'ebraced and popular artistes, Mr. ant Mrs. Charles Mathews. Production of an entirely new originsl, Travestie of a very ' popular subject, by F. C. Burnam, Esq., entitled FAUST AlvD MARGUERITE, in which Mr. and M.'s Charles Mathews will a pp e ar. The new scenery b) the celebrated artists, Messrs. Ranson and Sons ; the incidental Btu /et by Oscar Byrne. g aged will be found the popular Amongst the artists en names of Mr. Benjamin Webster, Mr. Charles Mathews. Mr. Frank Matthews, Mr. J. L. Toole. Mr. J. Clarke, Mr. Paul Bedford, Mr. •F. Robinson, Mr. Ashley, Mr. J. Johnstone; Miss Herbert,. Mrs. Frank Matthews, Miss H. Simms, Miss A. Cottrell, Miss Fanny Josephs, Miss Patti Josephs, Miss Wentworth,; Mrs. Stirling, anti Mrs. Chas. Mathews. EVERY EVENING, at 7, A SHEEP IN WOLF'S CLOTHING. Mrs. Stirling - , Mr. J. Clarke, and Mr. F. Robinson. At a quarter-past 8, a new Travestie, entitled FAUST AND M ARGUERITE : Mr. Chas. Mathews, Mr. J. Clarke, Mr. Ashley, Mr. Montague, Mr. W. H. Eburne, Mr. W. Chamberiaine, and Mrs, C. Mathews. At 10, TATTLE TODDLEKINS, Mr. Charles Mathews, Mr. and Mrs. F. Matthews. To conclude with BRISTOL DIAMONDS. Mr. and Mrs. Frank Mathews, Mr. Ash ey, Miss Wentworth. CIOODWOOD.-RACE GLASSES, the best at CALLAGHAN'S, 23A, New Bond-street, W., corner of Conduit-street. N.B. —Sole agent to Volgtlander, Vienna. OPERA and RACE GLASSES, Field and Yacht Glasses, in every variety of size, form, and mounting, matchless for their great magnifying power and sharpness of definition. Price, from 30s. each, at CALLAGHAN'S, 23A, New Bond-street, W., corner of Conduit-street. Sole agent for the celebrated race and field glasses and photo graphic lenses made by Veigtlander, Vienna. Field glasses ly tor India. warraned to wistand the greatest tropical heat. The new aluminium mounted glasses (as re cently made for H.R.H. the Prince of Wales!, though of the largest size, weigh but a tew ounces. 9 MOSES AND SON ' • respectfully call attention to their large and well assorted stock of JUVENILE CLOTHING. The newest faorics are combined with the latest and most fashionable nesigns, and the best workmanship. E. MOSES and SON give particular attention to this important branch of their kusiness, and they can with confidence affirm that the prices Are such as must satisfy the most economical. This depart ment is in a distinct part of the premises, which will be found a great Convenience for ladies and children, 1L"1_ MOSES AND SON • respectfully invite public attention to their large and well-assorted SPRING STOCK. "Li MOSES AND SON'S _LA . "SANDRINGHA/41" WRAPPER utroduced by them) is the newest and most lashionAble style of Overcoats for the season. 11- 1 7 MOSES AND SON'S Lao EEADY-MADE and BESPOKE CLOTIIINCI for • all classes and all ages. ~MOSES AND SON'S . CELEBRATED "INDISPENSABLE" SUIT, from 30s. Ei MOSES AND SON'S E M HOSIERY and DWI-VERY, for all classes and all ages. MOSES AND SON'S HATS AND CAPS, for all c asses and all ages. MOSES AND SON'S AA • BOOTS and SHOES, for all classes and all ages. EMOSES AND SON' S • OUTFI r S. for all classes, all ages, and all climates. F. MOSES AND SON'S J LONDON HOUSES, 154, 155, 15R, 157, Minories ; 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 80, Aldgate ; 506, 507, 508, New Oxford--street ; 1,2, 3, Hart-street; 137, 138, T O tt en ham-court-road ; 288, Eu,ton-road E MOSE S AND SON , s • COUNTRY ESTABLISIDIENT, Bridge-street, Bradford, Yorkshire. E MOSES AND SON'S • Establishments are closed every Friday evening at sunset until Saturday evening at sunset, when business is re sumed until l i o'clock. A l articles are marked the lowest prices in plain figures. Any article not appr,ved of will be exchanged, or the money re urued. List of Prices with Rules for Self-measurement, Fashion Card, and our new pamphlet, "The Tercentenary; or, The Three Hundredth Birthday of William Shakspeare," gratis and post free. COALS. —The LILLESHALL COMPANY'S COALS. Direct from their own Collieries. Marquis'. 2.35. per ton. I Double 20s. per ton. Top 22e. „ Deep ....21e. Well screened and delivered within five miles of their De pots, Westbourne Park-road, W., and 17, South Wharf, Paddington, W., and Maiden-lane, N. Best Coke Terms cash. JOHN SCOTT, Sole Agent Pr HE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN, ,, Containing the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, C.ta be had Every Evening of 0. It. GLENIE, Num AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. The Weather--Sun Office, July 23, 1864. THERMOMETER. This day at Two o'clock • -- Barometer-29.5-1. WIND—S.W. ; calm, atd sultry. SIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAy....-Moraing, 4h. 63o:4—Afternoon, sh. 12m. lo. icolinow ...m or niDg, 512. 36m.—Afternoon, 6h. Om. 1 di 4 4: 1 714 4,ft (1.111 .),) F .LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 23, 1861. The Federal Capital of Washington threatened — the City of Baltimore within the hands of the Confederates—Mr. an ace of falling into CHASE but very recently yielding up his financial responsi bilities when gold was up t o 270 per cent —Pre &idea ABRAHAM LINCOLN completing his arbi trary career by a series of despotic act s f (Extrava- g , .; nt even as coming from him) among these later acts of his being the taking violent possession o f two nowspoper establishment s , an d now setting at ope n &fiance tho civil jurisdiction of the C ourts of taw by a violation of the public liberties, amounting to nothing less than an act of military usurpatic,n. Such, in a single sentence, ere 2 few among the more significant facts b r ought to light by th e later tidings received from the opposite shores of the Atlantic. As they have invariably done hitherto, ever since the commencement of this most wretched and destructive of c i v il wars , no We nearly four dis. traded years ago, these tidings come to us, still rest confusedly. Nevertheless, out of all their cus tomary confusion, the facts themselves evolve, wore and more comprehensibly every mail, a onder • fully impressive significance of their oven. The four remarkable particulars above enu merated and thereupon grouped together, dif ferent though they are in their charneter and in their bearing may with a homely force of truth be said in or.e sense to be all of a piece. In conclusive, thonF;h they may be deemed by the more infatuated believers in the eventual supremacy of the Federal G overnment over the so-called rebels or secessionists —even if they are thus superciliously to be deprecir.ted as so many mere straws upon the surface —they are at the very least singularly note worthy if only by reason of their indicating, each and all of them together, not merely the motive iri which, but the iocreaeingly accelerated pace at which the tide of events is running there in North America. Instead of its being the Confede rate capital of Richmond that is threatened—it is the Federal capital of Washington. Instead of its being any one of the wealthier Southern towns that seems dcomed to fall into the grasp of a Nor thern army of invasion—it is a Confederate force that appears to be advancing steadily to the capture of the Federal city of Baltimore. So far, again, from its being the South that is, so to speak, in any very dire extremity financially—it is the North, that after watching the fearful rise of gold to the unprecedented extent of 270 per cent. has, thereupon, beheld its model,financier, as if in de spair, vacating his high post, and withdrawing into seclusion, after the manner of NECKER or of COLONNE. Finally—it is not the Confederate President, it is the Federal President—it is not JEFFERSON DAVIS, it iS ABRAHAM LINCOLN who seems to be eager at every opportunity for so doing, more and more wantonly to violate the public liberties, to sweep aside the baubles of the civil authority, to fling the sword of the State, as it were, whenever the whim cf the moment prompts him to do so, into the delicately balanced scales of justice, to seize with the ungainly grasp of a sort of a Burlesque Despot, now the rights of individuals, now again what might but yesterday have been deemed the inalienable prerogatives of the Courts of Law. The Governor of New York, Governor SEY MOUR that is, having declined to enforce the Federal army (the army of defence, as it may be called) at Washington, has followed up his refusal so to do, by calling out seventy-five thousand men to withstand the summons of the PRESIDENT by en forcing the process of the State Courts in opposition to the rule of the military Government. The civil authority thus rising in vindication of its rights and privileges, Mr. LINCOLN, according to his arbitrary wont, has now directed General Dix, as his armed representative, to set at cpen de. fiance the majesty of the courts of law by coolly ignoring their civil jurisdiction. It is as flagrant an incident in its way as though the old Roman Senators had been bearded, not by foreign invaders like the soldiers of BRENNUS, but by the lictors of the Consuls themselves or of some temporary Dic tator. The situation, in truth, if less momentous, is almost, we might say, more interesting at this moment, between Governor SEYMOUR and Presi dent LINCOLN than between General GRANT and General LEE-4 and this chiefly by reason of its profound significanee. Mr. AYBTON'S remarks were very appropriate the other evening, The hon. member addressed himself to a very ungracious task, for it is well known that from our present Government we can get neither assistance nor sympathy when the sub ject treated of is the claim of the oppressed, and anyone sufficiently self•sacriscing, or possessed of hardihood enough to throw himself in the breach must perforce expect to meet with very cavalier treatment; or, what is worse, he is almost certain to fail in attaining the result of his efforts. It is nevertheless very desirable that some protest should be made about the actual s►ate of affairs and some remarks uttered, or else the world will think that we are all grown indiffe rent to the cause of justice, the claims of labour, and the fair and equitable adjustment of the rights of nations, Mr. AIRTON called attention to the balance of power in Europe, and certainly it is a question which almost before all others ought to occupy notice and engage deep concern. The pre sent prospect of the politics of Europe is so ex ceedingly unsatisfactory, and the prevailing course that is adopted by our Government so tame and in conclusive that notably at no period of our history has there,been more grave cause for disquiet than now exists, tonehin g our j ast influence with other nations, secure as we may feel of our own intrinsic resources. For a country like this it is not enough that we are not molested, or treated with open defiance; it should not suffice that we are left alone, but we ought to keep up the position to which we are entitled. Other kingdoms not so great or powerful, and pos sessed of far fewer resources, contrive to do more and exert a more potent influence than we do, and if in one thing more than another the rulers of affairs seem to fail it is in matters relative to the balance of power. There is a great deal of talk, an immense number of despatches written, but all ends in the same unsatisfactory conclusion, that we can do nothing, and no matter how aggressive is the proposal, how unfair the demand of our neighbours or allies, it is sure in the end to be acceded to than because we are too unwilling or unable to meet the case in a proper attitude. It is often better to state things in a plain form, and this Mr. AYRTON did very effectually when he observed that the sum of fifteen millions was voted for the standing army, and we were told that this was kept up for the purpose of " defending our colonies, the safety of our own country, and the maintenance of the balance of power in Europe. " Certainly so far as regards the latter purpose we might as well save the expense, fer no one can say very much is being done to secure that desirable end. There is great truth in the re marks of Mr. AYRTON, that Prussia is now assum ing a position totally at variance with the princi ples of the Treaty of Vienna. Lord PALMERSTON, however, declares that we are bound by all the sti pulations of that treaty, while he allows the Prus sians and Austrians to fulfil their designs and to break the treaty of 1852. Mr, AYRTON forcibly concluded his speech by saying that the people of England had spent during the last six years a hundred millions for the purpose of maintaining the balance of power in Europe, and in favour of a Power which did not scruple to break the peace of Europe for its own purposes. Lard PALMERSTON, as usual, made a very iniffectual attempt to disguise his 'real object, and stated that ho was not there as the champion of Prussia. This is very absurd when all his actions tend to that direction, and it would really be more straightforward if he boldly and openly avowed his predilections, than thus shirk responsibility by attempting to disharm criticism. The result is ever the same in regard to all matters that relate to the German Powers. Nothing whatever is to be done to thwart their views, wishes, or intentions, and their rup ture of t re aties, the non-fulfilment of engage ments, and the provocation of hostilities on the part of these favoured States are all condoned, while in all affiira that concern their interests, we must keep to the letter of the law, and be sure to fulfil every part of the engagement. All this sacrifice to an aggressiv© and overwhelming power will not answer in the long-run, and it would be well for Prussia and her ally to take heed to the warnings of a French journal, which bids them remember that there will come a day of retribution, and that in the long•run they will not be gainers by the unfair course they are now pursuing. When the day of reckoning arrives no one will pity them ; but the unfortunate thing is that their losses will not be gaia to the unhappy victims of their perfidy at present. Nothing can restore the lives that have been wasted—the pro• perty destroyed—and the general discomforture caused by this outrageous and uncalled-for war. It seems most incomprehensib!e that the Ministers of this country should so abrogate their rights to defend the injured, and so utterly fail in ful filling th-ir requirements. It is one of those lamentable occurrences that are an ineffAceable stain on the records of a nation, and which more than any visitation of PROVIDENCE, darkens the career of a people, for nothing is so much to be deplored as a want of good faith. It is often the fate of wise legislators and far sighted statesmen to devote long years of toil and anxiety to the foundation of works of which they never see the completion. It is often their lot when in office to lay down some line of policy which, when carried oat, brings credit and ease to their successors. And in every sphere of life we may, more or less, find that those who bear the brunt of the battle, who inaugurate great changes, who originate schemes of reform, who go through the dry and tedious processes necessary to prepare the ground for future development, are the last to reap the fruits of the harvest they have sown,if, indeed, any portion of it comes to their share at all. By a raatural consequence it, therefore, frequently hap pens that men in pieces of trust and importance sometimes come in for the benefit of a success with which they have really had little to do, and are able to claim credit which does tot actually belong to them. One of these happy chances has just befallen our Indian Secretary ; and Sir CIIARLES WooD, with the natural aptitude of an experienced Whig statesman, is very ready to wear the laurels which Fate has so kindly brought him. Paimam qui meruit ferat is an exploded and inconvenient doctrine, and the lucky individual who gets the palm may just as well retain it for his own use as pass it on to those more deserving but less prominent. Accordingly we find Sir CIIARLES WOOD congratulating himself on the Indian finances, and the general development of a country whose progress he has done a good deal to hinder. Within the last few years, more especially since the cotton famine, India has made rapid prcgress. The cultivation of cotton, of tea, and of coffee, the increased cultivation of land, and the extension of railways into the interior, have all contributed to the present flourishing condition of the country, and are evidences of its material pros perity. Whether even now India is what it might have been under a more liberal and enlightened administration may be doubted, notwithstanding the favourable issue of the Budget; bat, at least, we may be glad that in a financial point of view there is a satisfactory balance. Three years ago the chronic deficiency of the Indian Budget was re. duced to £50,000. In the year ending April, 1863, there was a surplus of £1,300,000. In the year ending with last April there was a surplus of £257,000; and Sir CIIARLES TREVEL/AN, no inexperienced or theoretical financier,, anticipates a surplus of £823,000 for the current year. Several of the taxes have been reduced, and it is proposed altogether to abandon the Income Tax, as part of the general revenue, and only to retain it for pur poses of local taxation. This is not, however, so much due to the flourishing condition of the revenue as to the unsatisfactory result of the tax, which gave too good an opportunity for Eastern craft and falsehood to produce a return at all commensurate with the property of the people. The salt tax is still retained, which is the greater hardship on the people, since th 3 manufacture of native salt in Bengal has been altogether abandoned for the con sumption of English salt. It is urged in behalf of this impost that it is the only means of taxing the coolie, who lives on rico and water, and scarcely wears rags ; but this is a false system, and we should be following a truer principle in endeavour ing to raise the condition of the people, and increase their wants, rather than by grinding them down with oppressive duties on bare necessaries. The opium revenue, which is the most fluctuating source of income, was the principal feature in the high surplus of 1862-63, the amount received from it in that year alone being 8,055,000, the increase on that sole item being .21,696,000, while in the last year, owing to the state of trade with China, the amcunt fell off by .C 1,200,600. More satisfactory and more to he depended on is the increase perceptible in other branches of revenue. Compared with the statistics of 1856-7, the year before the mutiny, the land revenue has increased by £3,250,000 owing to the larger extent of land cultivated ; stamps have increasd £1,100,000 and customs and salt together have increased £3,000,000. This last item is not at all in proportion to the others, the low returns from customs being one of the most unsatisfactory items of Indian finance. Still, in this as in other points, we must trust to the gradual inerease of civilisation. The extension of the railways is undoubtedly one of the great means of preserving tranquillity in India, as well as of stimulating and developing trade. It is a piiy that since the beneficial results of im proved communications are eo immediately apps• rent, a little more attention is not shown to the navigation of the splendid rivers of the country. Mr. B. S3IITH, in alluding to this unaccountable neglect cited, as an instance, the Godavery, which has a course of 2,500 miles, only 400 miles of which are navigable. But, a species of official hydrophobia appears to animate the authorities, as Sir ARTHUR C O TTON might testify with regard to his water works at the Delta of the Godavery. Notwith standing the thin House and the late period of the session, Sir CHARLES WOOD'S statement was not allowed to pass uncriticised. Hon. members ob jected very properly to a matter of so much im portance being hurried over at the very end of the session, instead of being fully and fairly discussed when time and opportunity favoured. Even as it was, however, Sir CHARLES WOOD was reminded that the obstacles he has put in the way of reclaim ing the waste lands have seriously hindered the development of the country's resources. As the law at present stands, the intending purchaser has to go to the cost and trouble of a preliminary survey before it can he put up to public auction, when any speculator who chooses to outbid him may profit by his experience, and the price of land is ,often thus raised to a factitious value. As Mr SEYMOUR observed, while other countries are competing for English capital and English energy, in India it is thought a favour for the Government to allow emi grants to cultivate the soil, and an emigrant going to India, with a view to coffee planting, has to wait twelve months before land is put up for sale. More encouragement should ba given to English enter prise and capital. As it is the great improvement .in the state of the Indian finances and the condi tion of the ladian people is due to these agen t cies, but there is suroly no reason why unnecessary THI 4 , SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, JULY 23, 1864. and artificial difficulties should be put in their way LATEST IIiTELLIGENCE by official prejudice and the paralysing spirit of LREUTER'S TELEGRAMS.] routine, The Despatch of Additional Troops to Japan, Yesterday morning were issued the follc,wing despatches relative to the transport of additional troops to Japan : Head. quarters, Hong Kong, May 30, 1361, My Lord,—l have the honour to enclose a copy of a de spatch from Sir Rutherford Alcock, requesting the re mainder of her Majesty's 20th Regiment, now at Hong Kong, to be sent on to Yokohama, with as little delay as possible, for service in Japan; and, as soon as transport can be provided by the navy, the troops will be despatched. I have to add, I shall for the present detain the women and children at Hong Kong. I beg also to forward a copy of Colonel Gordon's proceedings up to the latest date.—l have, &c. (Signed W, G. BitowN, Major-General Commending her Britannic Majesty's troops in China. The Right Eon, the Secretary of State for War, War-office, London S.W. 'ler Majesty's Legation, Yokuhama, Slay 14, 18G4. Sir,—The present aspect of affairs in this country renders it expedient, in my opinion, that the remainder of the 20th Regiment, now at Hong-Tong, should be sent here. I have therefore requested Vice -Admiral Sir A. Kuper, to place the means of transport at your disposal, and have now to beg that advantage may now las taken of it to send the remaining portion with as little delay as possible. I have called upon the Japanese Government to provide the neces sary barrack accommodation, and I trust that it may be ready for them on their arrival. Barrack furniture, how , ever, will be found, and if, as I understand, it has been already supplied to the regiment, I think it would be de sirable that they should bring what they may require with them. As regards tent equipage, nay present object is to have the regiment quartered here for the protection of this settlement, in the event of the squadron being required to undertake operations at a distance. But is impossible to say, in view of future contingencies and the unsettled state of the country, whether the regiment, or a portion of it, may not also be required to en er into active operations from this place.—l have, &c., (Signed) RUTHERFORD ALCOCK, Her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary in Japan. Major-General Brown, C. 8., commanding lI,M. troops in China, Hong Kong." (True copy.) H. B. SAVORY, A.M,S, The lavasion of Maryland, (From the Inlex.) ThrLie is good reason to believe that General Lee lifts for sometime past contemplated this movement. Weeks have elapsed since we heard that Ewell's corps had suddenly disappeared from the front of Grant's lines cn the Chickahominy. In all proba bility, the advance was decided upon so soon as Grant's direct line of communication with Wash ington was interrupted, and the pursuit of Hunter's corps was merely an acc ident. The intention, doubtless, was to sweep away every Federal soldier from the Shenandoah, and crush any army that ' ventured to oppose the march. Hunter's partial success may have impeded—it certainly did not hurry on—Ewell'ern oac mcnt. But nobody could have played the Confederate game better than the General who, advancing with his base in the air down the Shenandoah valley upon Lynchburg, retreated when attacked in exactly the opposite direction to that in which alone his army might have been available for the defence cf the Northern frontier. It is possible that Hunter had no other alternative, and that only his rapid march to Gauley, Western Virginia, saved his force from destruction. But under any circumstances he has succeeded in neutralising an army of veterans which at the present time would be of immense service to the North, and but for his glaring bad generalship the invasion of the North would have been a far more critical undertaking. It would. seem that the defence of Lynchburg was entirely the work of the small body of Confede rates who fought at Stanton under General Jones ; and that Ewell, leaving Lynchburg to its fate, marched directly upon the Shenandoah valley, with a view of cutting off Hunter from his commu nications, and occupying the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. In both objects he has succeeded. Hunter is isolated and powerless to strike a blow ; and long More he c'.n be in a position to make any serious demonstration in E well's rear, the mischief will have been done. Moreover, there can be no rein forcements from the - Western States, and 13 eltimore and Washington must depend for their safety on their undrilled militia. The question is, whether this movement is a mere raiding expedition, or a counterstroke against Grant's plan of campaign ; although in neither case does it leave any doubt as to the issue of the struggle before Richmond. The gathering up of the rich harvest of the Shenandoah, of the great depots along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and of the large stores in Maryland, would be no slight gain to Lee; but we are inclined to think that something more than a mere rai I is in tended, and that the object is to compel Grant's withdrawal of his army for the protection of the menaced cities of Maryland and Pennsylvania. The moment is singularly propitious for such a coup. There are not now any reel soldiers north of Mason's and Dizon's line. Every man fit to march with a regiment has long ago been drafted off to Grant. There is nothing but a badly trained, illsarmed, and badly officered mob of militia regiments to arrest the progress of the Confederates; and if Ewell has 50,000 te a ra ic ns under his conemand, then Baltimore and Washington are in danger. The accounts are of course conflicting. n A t one moment the Northern news papersevoec describe muster tl of foray ; the next d a y they are full of terror at the formidable the invaders, and picture two or three whale corps marching upon the capital. A le invasion as a mere border few sent it seems to 113 that G enera l L ee i s o n the eve of am odvacymsewn'tilwl will all uncertainty. For the pre surpass in importance , a nd in its results, any previous operation of the wa r. Grant's inactivity is in itself. om inous. We hear of siege guns being mounted, and of pre parations for a fresh assault; but the truth is, that the Federal General is nonplussed. There are no more flank movements to be ma d e . There is little prospect o f a successful assault. The only th; "all'" left is to shell the town and amuso the Northern people by a repetition of the siege of Charleston. This in all probability will be the end of the operations before Petersburg. H o w much longer the Federal army will remain in its present position d e p en d s m uch more on the issue of the expedition under Ewell than the plans of Gen. Grant. For the time the interests of the war cen t r es in the m ovemen ts of the Confederate t r oops north of th e P o t o mac. The position of Sherman's and ev en o f G ra nt's army is a matter of secondary importance. If it shall turn out that the fears of the Northerners have . not mag nified the stren g th of the i n vading armies, Presi dent Lincoln's Ad m i n i stra tion may yet go out a midst the ex ecrat i ons o f t he Northern peopl e . Already there are symptoms o f defiance to the con• tral authority. Governor Seyrnour's refusal to permit the dep ar t ure o f t h e New York troops at the call of the Presid ent may be the first act in another independence d rama. Th er e is conspiracy in lien tucky and marti a l l aw. There is Mr Vallandigham in Ohio. It is h ar d ly pass ible not to connect some of these politic a l f acts w i t h the strategy of General Lee, and to c onc l ude that some other purpose be tides that of o b ta i n i ng s upplies on Northern soil, has dictated the renewed invasion of the Northern States by the Confederate armies. A deputation 0f managers and masters of art schools waited on Lord Granville, at the Privy Counci on Friday afternoon, It was headed by Mr Beresford Hope, who very ably dwelt upon the points which the schools desire the committee of Council on Edu cation to take into consideration before any new minutes founded on the recommendations o f t h e l a te select com mittee of enquiry Were issued. Th ese were mainly that there should be a n extension of t h e t er m " a rtizan," so as to include small t ra d espeople, c l er k s , apprentices, &e., and that the schools through ou t the country m i g ht be cheaply and efficiently work e d, w ith an amount o f direct i3tate aid equal to all the fees and subscriptions raised by the rchools themselves, viz. £20,000, as against .C 16,635 claimed b y the department of scien ce and art, t o have been spent u pon the schools during th e p ast year. PREACHING AGAINST SIITTLERS.—A coloured preacher within our lines recently felt constrained to preach against the extcrtion of the Battlers from which his flock had suffered. After much deliberation he announced his text as follows :—"Now do serpent WAS more sutler than any beast ob flail which de 1.../rd God 1148 made."—Xew York !Sun, AMERICA. SOUTHAMPTON, JULY 23, The Hamburg and American Company's steam ship Bavaria, from New York on the 9th inst., arrived oft Cowes this morning with 19 passengers for this port, and 63 for Havre and Hamburg. She brings 1,061 dole. for England and 43,856 dole, for France. WASHINGTON AND BALTIMORE THREAT. ENED BY THE CONFEDERATES. (Per the Bavaria, by Telegraph to Cape Race.) NEW YORK, JULY 11 (Evening). The Confederates threaten Washington and Baltimore. Their force is estimated at from 20,000 to 40,000 men. • The telegraphic and railroad communication between Baltimore and Philadelphia has been cut. The Northern Central Railroad has been badly damaged, and the Governor's residence has been burnt within four miles of Baltimore. The Federal army corps are reported to have arrived in Baltimore, COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. Gold, 276 i. Stocks tending downwards—New York Centrals and Illinois, 1351 ; Erie, 1134 ; United States Bonds Five-twenties, 104. Cotton middling—Upland, 167 to 169. Crude petroleum, 56 to 66a ; refined ditto, 92 to 93. GREECE. ATHENS, JULY 22. The National Assembly in its sitting of to.day has censured the conduct of the Minister of War as unconstitutional, he having incurred expenses not authorised by the Budget, and without previously asking the Assembly to vote the nem, nary credit. A Ministerial crisis is imminent. ALGERIA. PARIS, JULY 23. A report of the Minister of War has been pub lished to-day, followed by an Imperial decree modi fying the administration of Algeria. The report says the insurrection was not only caused by the fanaticism, but still more by an un• founded hope of surprising the vigilance of the authorities, who were believed to be disarmed be• cause divided in their action. The report, therefore, proposes to increase the power and responsibility of the generals command ing divisions, making the prefects subordinate to them, and entrusting them with the administration of the natives established beyond the limits of the communal districts. DENMARK. A communication from Copenhagen of the 16th says:—" The discussion on the Address in the Landsthing yesterday lasted three hours and a half, and terminated by the adoption of a second reading. The Ministry had demanded the rejection of the draft. But although the President of the Council declared that the Government did not attach any great importance to the modifications to be intro , - duced into the document, the Ministry has met with a little cheek which has its signification, because it shows that the situation as regards the Rigsraad is about to become difficult if not impossible. The discussion on the Address in the Volksthing will probably commence on the 18th instant, and there is every reason to believe-that it will be even more animated than in the First Climber. The peace party has become most active, and carries on its propagandism with es much zeal as the war party did before the Danish military disasters. The Chamberlain Berner-Schilden, who has large landed property in Jutland, is having an address circulated and signed in favour of peace, which contains serious recriminations against the Ultra party, whose organs in such critical circum stances do not spare the august person of the King. It is a mistake, however, to suppose that the party of the Eider is resigned and without defence. On the contrary its organs resume their habits of vie., lence, althongh events are so unfavourable to them. This may be seen by the one rgy w i th vrhich the Dagblad attacks M. Berner-Sehilden and his address," ANC E. "We have reaeon to know," says the F rance , that •M. Drouyn de Ltiuys a few days since ad- dressed to the representatives of France at Vienna and Berlin a despatch intended to be communicated to Count de Rechberg and Count de Bismark. In that document the French Government expressed a wish that the two German Powers may, in the ne gotiations opened with Denmark, be actuated by sentiments of moderation of a nature to render an honourable arrangement easy, which course would be suitable to the situation of Prussia and Austria.' Advices from the chestnut growing districts are generally good. The trees blossomed well, and the fruit is already abundant and well formed ; a fine month of August is therefore ..11 that is required to produce a heavy crop. BOURSE, July 22.—The market continues heavy, and a further decline has taken place, Threes, for the Account, being now quoted at 66f. 15c. Mo biller have receded to 977 f. 50c. Little doing in Railway Shares, and somo of the lines are quoted lower. The market closed as follows : 4t per Cents .. 94 50 Do. end month.... 3 per Cents Do. end month 66 15 Credit Mobilier 930 Do. end month 982 60 Bank Shares 3398 75 Credit F oneier .. 1 2 7 1 50 2 - 5 Roman Italian Loan 6B 10 Do. end month 6B 15 Ditto Threes .. New Mexican 56a Russian Austrian Spanish Threes Rome Debt .. 49 Deferrea BAIL WAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans ....... B7O .. 870 Northern .......... Lyons and IleditGrranean 900 898 75 New ditto S o uthern Western Eastern . ... Sardinian ustrion ...... — 408 25 , . 412 50 A. Lorrhlrd ....... North of Spain Saragossa .........••••• 526 25 .. 527 50 Ditto to Barcelona VIE MOST BARREN SESSION ON RECORD, says the Law Times of to.day, is about to close. Little indeed has been attempted, but nothing has been done. Not a single now law of the slightest importance will be added to the statute-book, There is no law reform, there is no measure promoting social progress, there is no politi cal improvement. Legislation has come at last to a dead lock. The few proposals that have been submitted to Par liament have been so erroneous in principle, or so ill-con structed, as to be incapable of amendment. A whole year of precious time has been wasted, and promises often re peated have been again broken, without even a regret or an apology. The Government lays the blame on the Par liament, and the House of Commons puts it upon the people, and perhaps all are in fault. Apologists try to console us with the impudent assertion that we have too many laws already, and that a cessation of law making for a few years would be rather an advantage than otherwise, and reckless parti sans seize upon this folly, and parade it as if it were pro foundest wisdom. But it is a palpable fallacy. True, that we have too many laws, and that it is most desirable to re duce their number ; but the object of all modern law reform is to do this. The improvements required would not add to the bulk of the statute book, but vastly diminish it. Every reform substitutes ono rational law for 50 laws that either are irrational or have become obsolete, or are unfitted for the requirements cf modern society. To say, therefore, that by a do-nothing sessi o n we are merely preventing an undesir ' able addition to the laws that are already too numerous, is it almost worse than a fallacy, for those who use cannot have so imposed upon themselves. It is the device of un scrupulous partisans in the press who desire thus to excuse the indolence of their patrons. ANOTHER PATTI !—A. contemporary says.thata brother of the v. orld-famous songstresses has arrived in town who is a " very clever violinist." Cardinal Gonsalvi's Introduction to the First Consul, " At the appointed hour," writes the Cardinal himself in his Memoirs, "the Master of the Cere monies of the Court arrived at my hotel, as the Abbe Bernier had apprised me; he took me in his carriage, and, alone with him, I arrived at the Tuileries. I was introduced into a room on the ground floor, called the Ambassadors' Salon. The Master of the Ceremonies told me to remain there a moment till he should give notice cf my arrival. I remained alone, seeing nothing around me but a profound solitude. Without doubt they had intro duced mo purposely into this silent and deserted quarter of the palace in order that at every step my surprise might be greeter and greater, a'so the feel ing of embarrassment which naturally ought to have resulted from it. And, in fact, the Master of the Ceremonies, returning a few moments after, and having announced to me that I could pass on to the interview with the First Consul, showing me by a sign of the hand a little door which opened on the vestibule of the great staircase of the palace, I experienced really the same surprise which a sud den change of scene causes at the theatre when out of a cottage, a wood, a prison, or from any similar situation, we pass to the dazzling spectacle of a Court the most magnificent and the most crowded. It was the day, as I since learnt, when the levee at the Tuileries took place, which at that period was repeated every fortnight, and at which were pre sent the three Consuls who formed the Government, the heads of the State—that is to say, the Senate, the Tribunate, the Legislative Body, the dignitaries of the palace, the Ministers, Generals, and other functionaries—and an immense number of the mili tary and of spectators. The First Consul wished me to be present at the audience for the first time on this solemn occasion, in order to give me, as I believe, an idea of his power, inspire me with as tonishment, aud, perhaps, also with fear. It will not be difficult to imagine that a person arrived at Paris the night before, without having received notice, without knowing anything of the usages, the customs, or the dispositions of the personages in whose presence he was about to appear, and who was looked upon as in some sort the responsible author of the bad result of the negotiatioes carried on till then, should, at sight of such a parade, as imposing as it was unforeseen, experience profound emotion and even visible embarrassment. Not being able to imagine that my first interview would be accorded in public, and entirely unaware of the cir■ cumstance of the ceremony of this levee, I thought the crowd that filled the vestibule and the staircase had come from a motive of curiosity, having learnt (without my being able to guess how) my presenta tion at the Tuileries. The sound of the drums o❑ the upper steps of the staircase, the apartments and antechambers filled with personages in rich attire, the great dignitaries who crowded them, and whom it was impossible not to recognise from their costume and bearing, penetrated me with a continually increasing surprise. I arrived at last in an apartment where I saw a personage alone, who advanced towards me and bowed without saying a word; then, accompanying and preceding me, he introduced me into a neighbour ing room. I did not then know who this person age was, but I learnt aftewards that he was M. de Talleyrand, Minister of Foreign Affairs, a name too well known in the annals of the Revolution for my needing to add anything to it here. I thought ho was going to introduce me into the First Consul's cabinet, and I calmed myself with the hope that I could at last be alone with him. But what was my surprise when, this last door thrown open, I saw, in a vast apartment, a multitude of personages, ranged in order, as if for theatrical effect ! At the back of the room were seen, in symmetrical array, the different bodies of the State (which were, as 1 since learnt, the Senate, the Tribunate, the Legis lative Body, and the high tribunals of the magis tracy), and, on each side, generals, officers of every rank, Ministers, great State functionaries, and, in front of every one, detached and isolated, three per sonages, whom I knew later to be the there Con suls of the Republic. The person who was in the middle advanced, alone, some steps towards me, and it was only by conjecture that I felt that it was Bonaparte,- a conjecture speedily confirmed by the attitude of the Minister Talleyrand, who, although always at my side, presented me to him. I then wished t o say some thing by way of compliment, and to speak to him on the subject of my journey; but he did not give me time, for I was hardly near him when he addressed me at once, and said in a quick tone, ' I know the object of your journey to France. I wish the conferences to be opened immediately. I give you five days' time, and I warn you that if, on the expiration of the fifth day, the negotiations are not terminated, you must return to Rome, as I have already made up mind in view of such an hypothesis.' Such were, without a word more, the first words that Bonaparte addressed to me with an air which was neither affable nor rude ; then he remained silent awaiting my answer. I then said, That the sending by his Holiness of his principal Minister to Paris was a proof of the interest he took in the conclusion of a Concordat with the French Government, and that I flattered myself with the hope of being sufficiently h a ppy to terminate it in the space of time which he desired.' Whether it was that this first answer was not displeasing to him, or that he had not conceived a too unfavourable idea of me on perceiving that, with the grace of God, I was not embarrassed by the unusual spectacle of this imposing parade, or, an ain, that he had resolved beforehand to do, after our meeting, what he did in fact do, certain it is after this exchange of words he entered suddenly upon the subject, and during more than half-an•hour in the came attitude, and in presence of every one, he spoke of the Concordat, of the Holy See, of reli gion, of the existing state of things, and even of the rejected articles, with inexpressible vehemence and fluency, without, however, any anger or harshness of language." STATE OF TRADE, MANCHESTER, july 22.—The market for shipping yarns since Tuesday has assumed a very quiet aspect, and we have had little or no change to day. There has been a little inquiry for yarns for some of the distant markets, and also for the Medi terranean. Buyers for Germany and Russia have done some little business in yarns of good quality, for which they have had to pay extreme prices. The market on the whole closes rather quiet. For home trade yarns the market has been quiet, but firm. Although but little business has been done, there is no change in prices. The small stock cf cotton in Liverpool has, of course, a tendency to keep prices firm here. The cloth market continues much in the state described on Tuesday. There is very little business doing for any market, and yet cloth keeps very firm. Manufacturers hold to former quotations, which are still much behind what the rate for cotton and yarn would justify, but at the same time buyers show the same timidity and want of confidence which has so long kept them from following the upward tendency of the market. The business done since Tuesday has been exceedingly small. The India telegrams are expected to-morrow. CARDIFF, 21st. —Scarcity of water causes serious inconvenience and loss at the works on the hills, and partial stoppages have been the result in several instances; The ironmasters have a good number of orders on the books, and the trade generally is i n a fairly satisfactory state. Since the last Staf fordshire meeting prices have been rather unsettled, but owing to the reduction by the Staffordshire houses, buyers are able to place their specifications for Welch iron at from 2s fid to 5s per ton lower than a month ago. There is a moderate amount of business doing in steam coal, and the reports from the foreign markets are encouraging. as to the future. Quotations are not quite so firm, although no material reduction has taken place. house coa l commands an average sale, and coke shows no change. NOTTINGHAM, al.—There WEIS about the usual attendance at this Exchange-hall to-day, and the demand for lace yarns was firm, at fully late rates. The demand for hos:ery Tarns was slow, but ex treme prices were maintained. Silks were quite as dear. For brown nets the demand was only moderate, but sellers held for a small advance, whieL W%gi difficult to reali4e. _ Tonal: rsinfxr ATI HER MAJESTY. OSBORNE, July 22. The Queen, accompanied by their Royal High nesses Princess Louise and Princess Beatrice, drove in the grounds yesterday morning. In the afternoon her Majesty, accompanied by their Royal Highnesses Prince and Princess Louis of Hesse and Prince William of Prussia, and attended by Colonel the Hon. A. Hardinge, paid a visit to Prince and Princess Leiningen at West Covvee. The Prince and Princess of Wales. The Prince and Princess of Wales left Marl. borough House yesterday for Frogrnore, Their royal highnesses arrived at Windsor at 6.50, having travelled in a saloon carriage attached to the quick ordinary which left Paddington Station at 6.15. Three of her Majesty's close carriages were is waiting to convey their royal highnesses and suite to Frogmore, where it is expected they will sojourn for ten days or a fortnight. His Royal Highness the Bake of Cambridge is expected to pass a few days with the Duke and Duchess of Richmond next week during the race meeting at Goodwood. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cam.. bridge and Princess Mary have left St. James's Palace for Cambridge Cottage, Kew, for the season. His Excellency Prince de la Tour d'Auvergne the French Ambassador, will leave Albert-gate House tho week after next for Paris, on leave of absence for a few months. The Duke and Duchess of Sutherland will leave town the week after next for their estates in Scot land. The Marquis and Marchioness of Drogheda have left town for the season, and will take a cruise in the noble marquis's yacht till they take up their residence at Mcore Abbey. The Earl of Wilton left town yesterday afternoon for Cowes, Isle of Wight. The noble earl's yacht comes to Southampton to-day, in order to receive the countess and a select party of friends. The Earl and Countess of Scarborough have left the St George's Hotel. We have to announce the death of the Dowager Countess Amherst on Wednesday last at Bournemouth, in the 73d year of her age, Her ladyship was the eldest daughter of John Frederick, third Duke of Dorset, and married, first August 5, 1811, Other Archer, 6 h Earl of Plymouth ; and 2dly, June 25, 1839, William Pitt, firs Earl Amherst. Her ladyship had no issue by either mar- riage. Viscountess Palmerston will have a reception, the last this season, to-night at Cambridge House. THE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS. The Independance Beige of the 20th sa3 s— " Letters from Berlin inform us that the peace negotiations will open to-day, July 20, in Vienna• It is stated that they will be conducted by the two Ministers of Foreign Affairs, Herr von Bismark and Count Rechberg. it is probable that Den mark will be represented by two statesmen who belong to the present cabinet, M. de Moltke a nd M. de Quaade, ministers without portfolios. France, which aided Denmark to place herself in communi cation with the German powers, and assisted in sketching out the first negotiations, now holds coin pletely aloof. The choice of the city where the ' negotiations are to take place sufficiently indicates this ; in default of this proof one would be found in the susceptibility with which Germany repels the idea of all interference in a question which s he COn' siders exclusively her own affair, whether by Europe or by a great power. Denmark herself, moreover. can only gain by throwing herself upon the gene" rosity which her weakness imposes upon her ad versaries, and the control which their divergent interests will exercise . over their conduct to wards her. We do not mean to say, how ever, that France remains completely indif• ferent, although she does not act. The plan of an eventual a bsorption of Denmark by the Confedee ration and that of a material aggrandisement of Prussia forbid her to do so. Independently of the reservations upon this point already made by the Chancellery of M. Drouyn de Lhuys, mention is made of a fresh circular of that minister respecting the negotiations now open, and in which, occupying himself specially with the future government of the duchies, ho indicates, it is said, the consultation 0f ~. the wishss of the populations as the sole means of settling the rival claims to the sovereignty of the new state. This view is also that of the libera l papers of Germany, especially of those which sr pear in the duchies. Organs of the sentiments of their fellow-citizens, they show them to us as veil weary of the state of proeisonal administration ill which the conquering powers hold them, and read/ to rise against every attempt to impose upon them any other sovereign than the candidate of thei r choice, Prince Frederick of Augustenburg." The Paris Temps says: In London everyone is looking towards Vienna' Will the diplomatists be more successful on th e , banks of the Danube than upon those of the Thames In the short space of time from the 20th to the 31st e July will they succeed in discovering a basis of negotiations ? Nothing indicates this at present' The great German powers claim the entire duchieel while the Copenhagen Cabinet still clings to th e chimerical project of a personal union. It i s P re ,: bable, however, that an understanding will be ar rive : at at last, and that the allies, in exchange fo r th ,,, Duchy of Lauenburg, will cede to Denmark the northern part of Sleswig, which extends from Apcnrade to the North Sea. It remains to be seen whether the: populations interested and German public opinion will ratify this compromise. According to a ministerial paper (the Breslau Gazette) Prussia has determined rot to consent to the entrance of Sleswig into the German Confedo ration. The new state, it is said, is to be placed under a sort of suzerainty of Prussia. WILBERFORCE'S LIFE AND CHARACTER ENT ° ' MISED by a Saturday .Reviewer.—The leading events of Mr. Wilberforce's life are sufficiently well knowv• Ile was the son of a rich merchant at Hull. He was schl : cated at Cambridge. When he left college, he becarstl °11 : - of the most brilliant members of London society, an d particular was extremely intimate with Mr. Pitt. Ile v 1 "" A born in 1759. Ho sat in Parliament in 1780 for Hull, an in 1784 for the county of York, which he represented or no less than 28 years. In 1812 he became member for the rotten borough of Bramber, and in 1825 he retired fr °*t Parliament. He died in 1833. The abolition, first of til e. * stave trade, and afterwards of slavery, in which he {po t° : leading but by no means the most laborious part, were tb"ri great achievements of his life. The position which 10 13°1 ; in English society, and the extraordinary love and re ce ,:, ence with which h e was regarded, were very remar kabwi It is hardly an exaggeration to say that ho made s tithe approach to the character of a Protestant Saint, an d fact that he did so is worth attention, inasmuch as it s he " - clearly what the sort of qualities are which strike Esglisqll: man at largo as unusually and abnormally virtuous• had, in the first place, a marvellous charm of manner, I'll., great abilities of a social kin d . He appears to have bee"; one of the most pleasing speakers, and also one of the 1 0f3 ir charming and amiable talkers, that ever lived. . c. 4h r.1 0 antidote about him, and all his letters, bear upon theme"„i s t a mp of cheerful quiet affection, mixed with woncler' ,"; gaiety and sprightliness of mind. These qualities stto thrown into bolder relief than would otherwise beloug them by the faint touch of something like asceticism wilia) coloured his religion and reacted upon his conduct. ll ° t a perfectly sincere and honest man, and the chie f inter-' which attaches to his life in the present day is derive d the fact that his character would seem, by its success' 1 %, mark the point which was reached half a century sg ° public feeling. Mr Wilberforce was the sort of roan vl b° d the grandfathers of the present genera tion cordially stil3o, affectionately recognised as the model of a Christian an gentleman. 'TIIA NATIONAL INSTITUTION, " -I) , t' 1 (4 3 LIBRARY," is, we learn, about to be co tituteu. a new footing, a s a j o i n t s tock undertaking on t he limi • ns 7 4 liability principle—Mr !Audio remaining the chief Pri.°,_ prietor and mana g ing director, and three frien ds of hi o h mg already taken half of the remaining shares. -A ll lure had been made to Mr Mudie for the purchase of library for the purpose of converting it i nto the properr.ta, a commercial company of the ordinary kind ; bat, oa vice, Mr Mudie declined the offer , and determined lain's If . to form a company on the above metho " d, the harehoillec;t of which should be known as pevans tabing an in ter in promoting the circulation of the best literature." r c : s