The Sun. — London, England, 1808-09-15 00:00:00

‘ 4 A conviction of the same springs from the in tirsperiable necessity of a Civil Government in every nation, whose duty it is, to attend to . the hap7;ine,s of the kingdom, and tti.,vhich the military oi:cy subordinate. The coufidenct; of 'the nation„;,:, consequently, the publiciends and the capital , , individuals, must necessarily ha„Le Govern ment for their support. Without it, the l'ridri,:o:y power would, indispensably, be under the neces,i of employing violence, With the view of acquiring that confidence which. it never could attain, and . getting "a command of those capitals, which it would be equally impossible forit : tobring withw its grasp, and thus it would ultimately destroy .that public prosperity and• happinesS, which ought to be. - the sole object of every Government: L't CS no: vainly flatter ourselves with notions of 'RonriBn Dltt-ators, and the.other military Chiefs of tilt; :11cpub: : they were placed undemteryw,udent restraints, . add the duration of ttwir, A 44oriv wAs limited to a very short period. The dangers or COinOete despot ism and usurpation kept tclrn cotiatinuai alarm, -and. cornnelled them to-take very rigorous pr_ocau fiat*, which are veryincompatible with the habhs of modern times. Spain has derived a rt.....50u of wis ',dont. from thehistory of past. ages-.„she .11?.5 thought of appointing a I\iilitary . Die'tator. litary Chiefs (and it is a fag mok honourable to the Spanish nathe), havebeeti the iirst'to .embrace, with the utmost:cordiality, a system of things as ancient Spain as the Monarchy itself., The cx.prience of ..our time;—the confidence of the people in the Su- Treme Juntas,--the facility and abundance with which pecuniary resources have been placed at their kiirsposal 7 —=tbe-beroic loyalty with which the Military .ebiels and the army have acknowledged and obeyed ,them, and the happy 'issue hitherto of their Civil Administration, and the military enterprizes which they have . direeled, have placed in the most con :Th.:nous light, and established beyond ail doubt, this fundamental truth 'and mon:essential political „principle. "_But who is to create this Supreme Civil •Govern= meat Who are to comp,o,;c. it ? Where shall •be its place of residence ? What the e - .-( l telit of its au thority How shall it be established. without in terrupting the public -prodttcing dis union among the dilfertnt,provinces,% How is the public opinii3o to .be.so :regulated as • that, without _opposing...it ; this trampillity .attained,.and . 4 14 risk of ,disturbance obviated ? These are,the _portant and serious questions which we. shall now proceed to ex'imine and upon •whichi- influenced solely by the love.of our coun; ry, and our amdety.tO : promote its welfare, we will enter into a.frank ex planation of our sentiments. . . • " the various papers, that have beeti pub lished .upon this subjea, we. are tole,. that the Cortes should assemble ; that they should eleet• Re presentatives ; - and farther, that the Old Council •cif Castile should convoke them, and the whole of the proceeding shouid be executed. under its au- thority .• • , " Most assuredly we .do not underitand the grounds upon which this decision rests. The Coun cil of Castile,.though a lawful Assembly, never.con yoked the Cortes, Why, then, we. give it an authority which- it does not possess ? 'ls it be cause it lent the whole weight of its influence to such important changes, with regard to which it had no powers, nor :my authority whatever ? Is it be cause it ha; acted in opposition to those fundamental laws which . it was established to preserve .and de fend ). Is it because it atfortied every to the . enemy ko . usurp the sovereignty-of. Spain, to destroy the hereditary succession of the Crown and the Dy nasty legally i,i possession, and recognised and seat ed on the throne a tOreignt,r, -destitute cVell • of the shadow of .a. tide to it ; .forit is. incontrovertibly manifest that the renunciation of CRADLES IV. in his favour, gave. hint no such claim.? What confi dence could the Spanish nation ; plqce in a Govern ment. mated by .an ainhority• .and illegal, and which had also rendered itself suspeiUd, by the previous cotmnis.sion of ads or so hoirk*a descrip tion, that they may bejustlyjanked Aviththe most atrocious crimes against the Countrk i .The Council of Castile being thus excluded front all consideration—who should convoke the' Cortes ? Tice authority to convi.,ke them is a part of the peculiar and exclusive prerogative of the King. The Provinces would not submit to any other autho rity ; they would . not unite ; there would be no Cortes,; and should a few Delegates assemble, that very circumstance would expose the Kingdom to di vision—the evil which all wish to avoid. " Besides, the Cities who have votes in the Cortes have not undertaken the defence of the Kingdom, nor of themselves, • nor in their corporate capacity, have they made any effort w defend it. . We enter- tain the tuo , it profound resped both foithen? and their rights; but truth compels us to speak out,. " Most undoubtedly, however, the cities who have votes in the Cortes, id thus conducting thtanselves, acted with consummate prudence, and with a due ob servance of law. The Kingdom found itself suddenly without a King, and without a Government—a situa tion indeed unknown in our history and to our laws. The people legally resumed the power of appointing a Government ;. and tbis truth has been openly avowed by various Supreme Juntas. The people created these Juntas without paying any regard to the cities who have votes in the Cortes. The legitimate poWer 'is therefore deposited with the Supreme Juntas, a nd; in virtue' of that power, they have goVerned, and clo govern with real authority, and have been aid still are acknowledged ..and .obeyed by ail ranks of sub- ~. . , . . .jest, and by all cities in their respeetive distritlS having votes in the . Corte. Their situation:lms not changed; the danger still exits i . no neW ,r tn!t(E - ity has supervened ; the lawful• authority ther4tore re sides entire, in the Junt a s which - Elie' peopre i ereilted,. and to which they confided it. • • "It. is, tneret4e, incontestable that the Supreme Juptas have the sole and exclusi've right of eleding tl.ose who are to comp_ose the Supreme GovernMem, as the only means of proteaing and preserving the. kiugdom, whose defence the people have entrusted to' them, and ~ v!;ich cannot'be accoinplisbed but by the establi,htnent of a' Supreme Government. No thing is more evident than thiS truth. " . Ancl whoru shalt the Supreme Junius Q 1,61 ? Most certainly individuals of their own body; for they alone derive their power Troia the people; and it is in their' constituent 'Members that the people .3tave reposed thek.entire con fidetice. Sh'oulcl any other persons be chosen, they would possess neither tO confidence nor the consent of the people, and all their aAs would he null and void ; and 'froqn ;Lis. main of confidence, the nation would be ex ppicd ro I in tt!stine divisions,:the fast and the greatest of Ail our, C4Liillifie3. Hence, -- if there'be any province in which the in;litary power has alone been retained, resultS the ae-,o:nte necessity of constituting Supreme Juntas in '• which the piTvie(Of the people shall reside, and by -..vhich they may ael. Whether . tfiey . shall be con, st it sited by the petty Cortes or env other bOdies, their appeintment in soineform or other is indispensible, in order to the concentration of the legitimate, power of the peeple,..anci the establishment of a civil Go : vernment, which shall inspire confidence into the people, and proceed:La the choice of persons who compose - •the Supreme GovernMent, which; under the presenr circuthstances„ cannot balegiti maie, unless it has its origin in the free Consent of the people.: • " It seams then to be indispensably necessary, that all the Supreme Juntas, meeting on the same should each ele& fron/ - among their own mem bers iavo Dq)!.tties toform the Supreme Government, end die persons so eluded should,' from that moment, be reputed,, and aCtually be the Governors-General of the kingdOin ; end that as such they should be acknowledged and obeyed. Their authority is well known, and cannot be subject to 'any doubt.. The Supreme Junta of Va leivirt has ''most judiciously marked its extent and in' the paPar which they published ott this question,, on the t6th of .July. We shall, there,- tore, be excused from going more at large into the =con,irteration of it. We will only add, that the Supreme Juntas to be continued with all their appointments. and insignia, and be invested with the internal Go . - vernments of• their respective provinces, until the &inclusion of the present state of things, but at the same time under due. subordination to the Supreme Government. In those Supreme Juntas resides the legitimate powerolthose portions of the people who have respeively created them. It is their duty to take measures for ensuring the • happiness of their . constituents, through the medium of a just Govern-, men!, and vigilantly to protea and. defend the rights of every individual among them. For this. purpose they ought to give their instruolionS•ie their respec tive' Deputies, constituting the Supreme Govern ment; and it will be the duty . of the latter_to ob serve them, and to represe n t and support the claims o( their provinces, as -far as may be, consistent with the general prosperity. .• " If there existed among •us a Royal Personage, capable of presiding in'this Supreme Goiernment, reasoe and Justice prescribe that he; and no other, should be appointed 16 that office:. if there be ' no such Royal Personage, the Supreme Government mtist eleat a President from its own body. oly viate every danger, hoWever the 'Presidency should be -temporary; kind 'continue only for a fortnight; a month, or any other term agreeable to the Supreme Government, upon the lapse of which • periei it should be incumbent' on them to choes" a - different person. • . . We have already remarked, and it is titineeei sary to repeat it, that the S'..l l :rotne Juntas should &tea as Deputies. to the Supreme Goveynment such of their Members as are most distinguished for their talents, their seneral 1.:,(-0w , le.clge of legislation, nod all the branches of public welfare and Government, re.colleaidg that they are to be the dtposi:ortes of the hopes of the kingdom. This Supreme Junta, in Tull reliance upon the generous chattaCtor of Spa niards, and their ardent attachment •to Ilk good of their Con'titry,' assures itself that intrigue, party, or 'personal interest or predilections, will , have no in fluence upon thisoecaiion. "'The . Supreme Juntas will, in the first instance, appoint the place which shalt be the seat of the Su preme Government, who shall afterwards adhere to • or alter that appointment, as they think fit, accord ,ing to a plurality Of votes.. The seat of Govern ment, 33 . has been most wisely .'observed by the Supreme Junta Of Valencia ) ought to be at a dis ,tanee from - all the dangers of. war, and should,'" as a 'clairn to preference; possess ether 0 'advan tanes of local nature. Seville. con ce i ves 'h e r se lf to • possess all these advantages, but has no anxiety to be selected . ; for she ill:most cordially sacrifice all her -claims to'what theother Supreme Juntas shall decide to be for the general prosperity of the kingdom.— The Supreme Juntas will, therefore, make known their • pleasure as to this point, when ~they, notify the election of their Deputies.: 14 . 1. the 'Mean time, we will frankly state that La Mancha appears to ns most convenient for the Seat of .•Government, and there we would•particularly ;Juno its large cities of Ciudad Real, or AlMagro. But on this . subjea we • are nowise anxious ice leave it entirely ni the free choice of the Supreme Juutas. . • " It remains only that we speak : of this Supreme Junta of Seville, upon which pOint, we Shall 'not say much. Certain persons, eitlwr ignorant •or malevo lent, have endeavoured to,spread the persuasion that, : - we at - etled a superiority over the• other provinces. 'Any such thought has been far from us, .althou g h - the general good of the nation has beep our guide, - and - as. it were the soul of all our determinations. We pos=sstAi-tke on_ly foundery lot cann on ' in the kingdom, and armsand ammunition-. in a-. certttin degree of abundance. V ar i ous Captains General acknowledge us frcim .the commencement, and veteran, pi - clops were more nutheraus in .air' Pro yince than in other parts; 'and thus we fo'rmecl an army in a shorter time, .and have harassed the enemy, who have surrendered prisoners of war, with their General, DuroNT, and have capitirlatedior thd divisions of VEDEL and GOBERT, who are to be con duaed to France, amounting, altogether, to 17,000 .men, so that there does not remain a siugle.,French soldier in arms in the Andalu - sias ; a victory' most glorious and singular,which has been rlle6iell!withont the - effusion of much Spanish blood, in which it appears we stand alone. " The local situation of the Andalusias presents also, a more probable mode of defence against the arms of NAPOLiON, if he means to.attack-tts.;:>aud, with this view, we hliVe united : us the.„..e,Oftli gifese provinces ot . AlOrve and Alentejo, who ttve placed thernst:•lv,:s. under our proteerii.nry and die . : Canary Isles have sent us a deputy for vibe purpose. • i` The greater opulence and other peculiar circum stances of these provinces oti-iers resources which •the • rest want; and we have thus been effa'oled to provision for immense . enence; without having re ceiyed any money from any otherpart, or imposed' any contributions, . " -The marine arsenal of the Isle of Lcop„iperbaps the most considerable of all; obeyed us from,theli?"- and with it, the Spanish squatlriiit ort' Ca whose foive is the greatest, and hen sincati augmented by that of the French' mooipskiii that. harbour, and surrendered to us at discretiop,. " Gibraltar, the famous English fortress, is foi our territory; squa drons of that nation kept, our coast in a stare of block ade. We immediately, therefore, opened a coni 7 munication with Gibraltar, and with the English Squadron, 'which has 'given us all the - assistance that was in its power,, sent us a're - SicTent, Minister at the ; very first, and conveyed .our . Deputies to Lond on , to request subsidi es , a n d settle a p6aceliVantageous to the Whole - nation. • Arhidst, so Many serious, cares, we have trams milted all _the arms which it was possiPe. to-traps- p mit to Granada. EstremadUra has receiyed a stll i - greater number, and ha's experiented - Otir and so - has Cordova nnd jaen, We' have; offefe4.'il arms to La Mancha, to Murcia, to'. Tarragon, 1. Gerona, who requ es t e d t h em o f us, an d we exerted ourselves to the" utmost to fulfil the prornises'which WC bbdmade. r - Save not forgot the t rest of the European :! provinces 411(.1 kingdoms, and we hope in tithe that 'the - enas of our ..,a ,and vigil inee will be in clear and public. "The A.theriefs claimed ttt i . .3‘Z.first a great share of our attention, in order to preservethat *sO princb. pal a part of the Spanish Monarchy. We have sent Envoys and - Commissaries thither• and to 'Asia, in order that they May unite•themselvel to us, . s whielt we could not do with ou t qua lifying ourselves as the Suprenfe Junta T`or the Government' of Spain and _the Indies,' and we trust that this title and our cares will ,not -be found useless. So many labours, sur rounded with so many dangers, will we trust, de serve some consideration' of out—country, for the loVe and defence `of WiAich. - only we have'done- And suffered so much. " 'With all this, we repeat that Weifeith6i affeet nor desire airy superiority - - Whatever vob have done, we .owed to onr..country, ,it was an indisO.niabre obligationupott us.. Our, only objef-,i is, that Spain may preserve its ititegrity and independence,, for our Lord gnd King VER.niNAN.O VII. and f o r that object we joyfully sacrifice our lives. May God, .who has so clearly and marvellously shewn , :his protedion bf Spain, grant a .safe, return to its ,Ding FERDP. .NAND VII. and then with the Supreme. Govern ment, he will determine what maybe his Royal will, either commanding atiunion of the Cones; or bysueh other-means as his prudence may suggest;santl will ,facilitate, the reform of abuses and the:genPrYlJ happiness of the kingdom, securinglt' upon such, foundations-as-are firm, and. subjeet to no ainge.: . If 'these hopes are vain, in which the - Clemetiey bf God~ leadius to indulge ; then the existing Sit pweine Government will itself determine what is 'conducive to the interest of the kingdotri;COn forming itself to the fundamental laws thereof, der fendidg it against the fury and malice of our enemies, and preserving this `monarchy, in which itself; the Liberty ot . Nations, and the Catholic Church, - the .beloved :Spouse of our Lord.lesus Christ, issso deeply interested. 'Given ht,The Royal Palace of Selville, this 3d , day of August, IgoB. Fit A N St).A E D RA, Archbishop of Laodicea; The. Dean of we Chapter of toe Holy Church FRANCISAAV,IER CLE.NEUEGOS ; VINCENT 1-101i.E ; FRANCIS DIAZ BERMUDg;AIANLIEL G11_,V.N.12: ; Futner JOSE RAM IKEZ ; 'VAN 1 EkNANDO AG UII<E ; Count TI LL\ ; Marquis Dt LA GitANINA ; Marquis DE TO,RKES, and eieven utheri. " By command of his Serene Highness." " eta Elv ED-2 Waterford. i) E-3 Gottenburgh • ; Waterfout. 7fl') PRICE OF STOCKS 1141$ DAY AT T‘VELVE . O'CLOCK; COZISOIS 661 i I Oniniunt - . s die. THE S UN. iml.ti4 Ruts DiMU,: FALSUtr AuDeAr ? LONDON, THURSDAY, SEPT&MBER 15, 1808. received this moraint New-York Papers to the 6th ult. The events Which have occurroci, in Spain . seem to h ave produced a very strung : pensation in. America, and to have rendered the ~4:tubar&o; more unpopular than ever. ' ..1: We have given in our preceding Cohunts, the Manifesto of the Junta of Seville. We have not , • room at preseut to enter iuto any.ooservations upon this very able produetiop. Wg lament that we are still unable to communi cate to our Readers any authentic intelligente froiti Portugal. The - reports which have been cirLiflated relative to the proceedings of Our Army subse quent to the Battle.of the 2 tst, , are founded entirely t pon conje6tnre, and 'amsequently are noj entiildd to any Tredit . : . We are enabled to state r positively,,,tAti Government have not received apy intelligence r: oupArtnyin Portugal since the DispatchefTom Sir A. va.) 5.1 e WELLS LEY ; .containing th e account ot e is atitti , • ri of the 2ISt ultimo. ! . IlEatfr • Diqmtches Wore received at the Adnii•alty yesref day, from Sir J,. li\VAmtEN, Commanderin-Chief 'on _the Halifax station. Likewise from , AdcniFal. ROW-f.EY, at Jamaica, and Admiral Sir ALEXA;IIII3,3:" CoexaANE, on• the s ,Leeward Island station-. . . . • Captain ROBERT EVANS, of his Majesty's Ship: L'veret, arrived ,at the Admiralty last night;.-,witjt k Dispatches from Sir JAMES SAUMAREZ, • stip , der in - Chief in the Baltic, t h e particulars. 91.,, :hay We are, surprised that some people seem to think that the rerksh . detail of the progress and state of affairs in Spain has been compo4ed . withingenud A more impUdent *heap of glaring-falsehlods Cer ' fain!) , was never obtruded upon the common sense of mankind, and it must excite the contempt and derision of the Parisians ; thouglyhey dare not CV -press their •sentimeßts., there - be,' indeed, and appearance of 'art in the document alluded:to, it i 5 of a negative kind, and consists entirely of otnission s, All its positive "accounts' are` gross misrepvesent2. - tions or the Most bare-faced lies. -A -,great pa'rt of the blame of raisingthe rebellion in Spain is imputed to the intrigOes - of the English. Did the Engo drain the Treasury of Spain ? Did the English gate the intrigues of the "infamous Gopitivi Did tl.;°.; 'English seta..the ferocious MunAT to Madrid, at) order htm td be appointed , Vice-Roy p i f the King" done ?. Did the - English decoy the Royal Family t° the Court of the' Cfifsicin Usurper,'a'nd oblige therm to abdicate all their rights in - his fayoni Did the English Ciimmit _Abe dreadful massacr — eln Madrid ? Add, finally, did the English excite .that gene'ral indignation ampng the Spaniards, which such 2 mass of unparalleled - "atrocities cot ndt fail to spire, and that appeal to. the Gpd of battles who has graciously give ,sincess :to their patriotic exertions? No ! the English, - when an oppressed and insulted peOPle,:%trlio' were - threatened with 'the Most disl' graceful and cruel bondage, applied. to them for as' sistance, generously put_ an 'end_ to, all national en' mity, and exerted thmselve's to the utmost in pro' thoeing noble'a , cause; and will 1 erseve . re in sup* porting it, till- Spain' has fully established her inde pendence,' and tymuny is without hope 4f ,reducing her to bondage. . •• • Thei)ari is arrived from New Solth'Wales, w ith accounts of some clisturbances having taken place that §etilement, in J4nuary vvhich hact tvei" l s,appressed; . and public tranquillity happily sestored. A convoy, ia : appointed' to sail from Porto:loth to the BrazilS, on the loth of next Month. HiS Majesty's Frigate Guerriere, Cast. SKENTE, o tt the Jamaica station, Captured the French Privateer Cittter Felahy (late His. Majesty's Cutter Bai tiara) , on the t otbt July last. -Yesterday His MAJESTY arrived in town from Windsor, and was reLeie,l at the Queen's Palace by their Rol HiOnesses the Dukes of Yoo, CAITIBRiDGE, and KENT. • Atlwelve o'clock is MAJESTY held A private Levee, which was attended by The Duke of Portland, Earl Westmorinncl, Viscount Cas. tlerragh, Loid . Hawkeshury, Lord Millga , fe, Lord Heath° field, Sir tepheri„ c.;ottetri I, an,l Mr. The foliowitig had the honour of Ling p:esentedi to NIS MAJESTY : • General Sir William Meadows, on his being appointed Goo vernor of Hull. Mr. Thomas De Cray, 914.. being Chaplain. .aP P-(Aintsd His Majesty's Fits MAJpsTY afterwards held a i'riry Council, arid ga''e Adience to , the . Duke of PORTLAND, alla the rest ofthe Cabinet Ministers. The Cabinet Minigters,.yesterday,..dingd with Grace the Duke of l'ottn.AND. Mr. trAsE,, the Principal Ca4liet, of the Ban"; - yesterday gave notice at the Stock . .Exchange, &hi persons wishin g to bid for the e.nsuing Lottery weld to attend forthat puypos,e.attlig trsttal place on Fri* )thy net; when. Ministers would . Ixt. ready to treat ~1 0 1: the same. The six compani es o f ' t h e 950)414'1e Corps, afl4 the Staff Corps, have been embarked at Aamsgateft and, — with the brigade of Guards, have sailed from the barbdur for Luc Downs. The Royal Artilleri and Waggon . Train wait the arrival of transports fat their reception, several of *which passed up Chant Wk.. on Monday from•the•west Wa rd. • Three troops of the Royal Waggon Train marched into Canterbury on Friday and Saturday last, whets they at present remain, waiting orders to proceed Ramsgate for embarkation. Jr1.41.,11Cil PAPERS.. 'KINGSTON, AILY 30,---On the 13th of JuIV I ,arrived at La Guira a French Man ,of' War Brig, of 14 guns, trent Cayenne, with Copies of Dispatches brought out by another Vessel frorti Bourdeaux,stat ing the abdication of the Crown of Spain by rEfi.. DINAND VII. in favour of the Emperor NAPOLEON, who had appointed his brother JOSEPH King of Spain , and ordered that he shoUld be' proclaimed throughou t the Spanish Colonies; -* • " This news was received in the Caracas with the utmost indignation, so much so, that the French Commissioners were obliged to'repair on board the brig at twelve o'clock at night, for feai of being alLir• dere& by the people. " On the 14th arrived his Majesty's frigate Acas' ta, with dispatches frora.4dmiral COCHRANE for the Government of ilk.. CataCas, bringing accounts or the Revolution in Spain, and of the union in Cadiz of niite English and Spanish fo'rces; and that he sent to :offer to those coasts the protc.ation of the English :-,(GoKernment. the Captain Of the Acosta went on shore, e'left orders on board the' 14s:0c:rate, that if the French Brig . wept .out of Port' they s h ou ld ta ke - her. ~.QuAlte i fth.she pvt to . ..sea, and within, tvg; hours after she was Captured. by the Acasta, and , bought bapi,to ap anchor; Nyhe're both vessels Were left-on the , ~", On the 4c as t a ' s , enter i ng t h e port sne saluted ctite - forts; which, was returned immediately: By. a Schooner which arrived here on Wednesa day 'evening from St. Jago de Cuba, from whence . shessailed on Mondaj , night, we learn that rumour! of 41e - intelligence of ttie recent events in Spain had rteritqactd,:that place from this ,Island; and that, Acenistaittence, - the French who are settled there, an osi?j—numerous, fearing that they might be B . tacked by.thit inhabitants, had Armed themselves la their houses; they' however, had conducted thaw selves very peaceably. The Governor of flax Lo' n had, it is said, increased his gourds." , atri% `Stant glace be er corn Men will; fiat; in su fro u a eit• top mer 4fr Ea m. Vat( eXp Ptri !WC Isla 2th wa effc BLI ces VA str ed an th t 1(