The Sun. — London, England, 1838-05-23 00:00:00

STATE OF TRADE. Siturday, MaY 5, The t o ll s co ll ected on the New York state canals from the opening of canal navigation to t:.e 22d April, was Colle c t e d d uring the 4th week in April D 1 7 ; 000 56,289 61 In all 126,289 61 in the last year, There was collec, the mum o ted during f the month of April 89,074 72 Excess in favor of 1838 37,241 891 Colle c ti ons in Dollars. April 1835 130,075 01 Canal opened 15th ditto - 1836 53,287 29 ditto '''''' 25th ditto 1837 89,077 72 ditto r k i 20th ditto 1838 126,287 61 ditto — .l2th The quantity of merchandize c l e a re d on th e cana l a t Al bany and Tro y , for the months of April 1837 and 1838, is as follows, viz.. ' 1837. 1838. Albany .7,248 tong 8,225 tons. Troy 3,055 4 B6O 10, 293 13,085 tons. 10,293 Increase In April 1838 there passed over the railroad 480 tons of tnerchandize which was cleared on the canal at Schenectady. The quantity of Flour brought to tide w a ter in the month of April, 1837 and 1838, is as follows, viz :-- 1837. 1839. Albany 11,227 tons.. .24,772 tons. Troy 16,148 barrels 34,043 barrels. 16,148 1,895 arrels. There came over the rreaseailroad in 1838, 17 948 barrels of Flour. There arrived at Trov in 1837, 23,000 bushels of Wheat, an d in 1838,• 39,235 bushels : at Albany, in April, 1837, 1,436 bushels, and in 1838, 4,498 bushels.—lncrease in 1836 over 1 837, 39,997 bushels. ~A,Business cont i nues to i ncrease w i t h a s l ow b ut sure pace. ll partie s agree t h at t h e f a ll b us i ness prom i ses to be exceed -InglY good. The Great Western will go out nearly full of I)''s'engersond we understand that a number of our importers a," about to v i s i t E ng l an d f or the purc h ase of their own goods. ong the m an y a d vantages w hi c h t h e i mporters w ill h ave b y 3 o new era i n s t eam nav i gat i on, w ill b e t h e qu i c k return o f ti rders, and a l so w i t h t h e same cre di ts as h ereto f ore, a l onger me to get his goods into cash before his notes fall due. The r eturn f re i ght of the Great Western is already engaged. ti s TJOTT O''.—Considerable has been doing to-day in this ar cle ; 10 0 bale s o f M o bil e so ld f or 91-c. Several other small sales for home consumption were made of an ordinary kind at a deduction of 4 cent from our last quotations. AT NEW ORLEANS, APRIL 28 —There had been a fair busi ;less doing in this article, the transactions of the week amount N o !P o nt 14,000 bales at the full rates of last week ; on Sa -ruay and Monday there was little doing, on Tuesday the the opened, and sales were principally effected on that and two succeeding days. Yesterday there was but little done, 14 as frei g h ts h ave come d own, purc h asers may enter t h e Market more freely the ensuing week. T he exp orts are 490,1 9 3 b a l es aga i nst 437 , 245 to t h e same vtiod last season, making an excess of 52,948 bls., which stand thus f Flour i s l oo ki ng up aga i n-370 bales Western sold to-day : ti t' (I ' 7 70 ; 65 ditto Ohio, d. 7 50. This is an advance over r last quotations of full 25 cents per barrel. L c °f ree continues the s ame as t o p r i ce . Th e sa l e th e p as t e el( have been 1,400 bags Brazil, 91 a 10c. ; 700 bags La a 10c. ; 200 Maracaibo, si a 9; 250 St. Do- I l l z e, ,8 ; 200 Cuba, 10,} a 101, b , leo on th e advance, and the demand continues brisk ; 100 n'e sold to day at 41 4 ; good quality stock is very light, an d holsters refuse to sell unless an advance is submitted to. T-- or HE GREAT WESTERN. —This magnificent vessel is to sail, rather steam to-day, and should the weather prove fair our ba Y and harbour will present a most beautiful appearance; rer al excursions hav i ng been planned to ta k e part i es to n dy Hook. Th e s t eamer N ew Y or k w ill l e a v e Beckman streeta co at two o' ck ha ilia on board Dodswortd's band, and suet. of , v 4 41.. l our friend s as wish to see the gallant bark '° kiss the blue waves," cannot do better than accompany Captain b e Tl'e, who i s as p o lit e an d gent l eman ly a f e ll ow as ever s t e pt 'ween stem and stern.— The New Era. the B RITISH CAPITAL IN THIS COUNTRY.—It is computed that whole amount of American Stocks held in Europe, and 1. .' ll ,cipally in England, amounts in the aggregate to 110,000,000 °, "ars. Of this sum the state of Louisiana is the greatest de btor, , say 22,000,000 dollars, and Pennsylvania 16,000,000 do llars The sum of 20,000,000 dollars of the United Stat e s c il allk in Pennsylvania, is also owned in England. In this es riate is not included the Manhattan Bank, and several oth e r " l inks and Insurance Companies in this and other cities, a great part of the stock of which is owned in England. Th e no dou that the whole amount of rsh a,„ v p"'tal re emp can loy b bt ed in this country, including every species ß of iti in en-str4ent, as well as permanent stocks, real estate, as also in ti, e llinle rcial business, over and above all credits in Europe, in f °4l inary course of trade, greatly exceeds, perhaps quad- Op, the sum total above mentioned. This is the over • 4 ' l W and it is to this • • mstanee mainly that we are .11),1 circumstance in debted for nine hundred banks in this country. Not that 411 • Y great proportion of the stock of these banks is owned in m En gland, but bec ause th e i nves tments of British capital in the anner ab o ve-m en ti one d, has left American capital unem irh(?ed, and if has sought investment in our State Banks. 18 is the tr ue source and root of the evil which our Ameri " 41 This statesmen have strangely overlooked in their researches an d speculations on this subject. LAT ER . FROSt EUROPE.—T' he packet ship United States, e lPtain Holdridge, arrived last night , having sailed from Liverpool on the 9th ult., and consequently. brings London Papers of two days later than those received via Bristol, by the Great Western. The late hour at which we received our fi les, must be our apology for not making extracts. They do rlot contain any news of the least political importance ; the Principal topic under discussion being the prospective results °f the great experiment of navigating the •Ail,?ntic by steam. late MEXICA AND TEXAS.—By a slip from the Office .., "• ' N ew Orleans Bee, dated the 28th ult., we are put :2 r° ',,s.ession of the following important items : t a 6 ,, th ooner S ara h A nn. C apta i n B ontems, t h ree d ays f rom 'Pio°, returned to this port last evening, in consequence of Texi an ports b e i ng bl oc k a d e d b y t h e F renc h squa d ron . L 1 Fren c h b r i g o f war L a P erouse , was o ff T amp i co on the t„ ir lst., the blockade commenced at Vera Cruz on the 15th. th e i n tnalit Henry, who boarded the Sarah Ann, informed and gnat the Mexicans refused to pay them the Indemnity, The trench were d e t erm i ne d t o compel th em . ord er ° United States ship Natchez, sailed for Pensacola, in p it 10 make known the blockade. ip 1,T4 TRxas.—By the arrival of tile steam-ship Columbia, i Tex,,, uo urs, frem Galyerston, we have been informed that the the an Congress met, and requested the President to have witli t 'on to the United States for annexation immediately Min • 441, . It was on receipt of a dispatch from the Texian ste t to England. riV ew York American, Saturday Evening, May 5.) Office of the Pensecola Gazette, April 25, 1838. Th f , IMPORTANT FROM MEXICO. te nant United States' schooner, Grampus, Sanders, Lieu 4na , e( rimanding, arrived this morning from Vera Cruz, I,: fi l .ngs intelligence that the French squadron is now , ast e i o --I ,!ig the Alexican coast. It was supposed !hat th, I tntle L St. Juan de Ulloa, would be immediately invested, tfti n T e at ' from its condition, t could not hold out any length qyl \! e Mexicans w ere w illi ng t o p a y the indemnity demanded th French, but the l a tt er requ i re d some apology, which I latf ~,e f rl ic an Government refused to make. One individual ItipCered 10.000 horses, and the Church had agreed to e million of d , ,llars to carry on the war. oq (' " French squadron consists of one frigate and five brigs ; e l to ' '' t o which additions are expected. The French ships . Martiniquemme at and Havana, had been ordered to repair 'rf,""!tely to Vera Cruz. ‘ 1 1i1 .. : ! Mexican Government is confident of its strength and N l , C „ t ° meet the present emergency, but apprehensions were tity%-sf.4,,lned that if the French squadron should bombard the nt.rnera Cruz, the Federal party would take part with the and the c ity wou ld b e sac k e d. All the women and "Pa r r, " were removing to Jalapa, a town a few miles from all the k ir ru z. The M e xicans and inhabitants were removing W I , valuables. t eN v „, ll the G rampus was a t V era C r uz, intelligence _N o v n as K te s , from th e scat o f G overnment , t h at th e M e xican C - rotn ha bef ore t h em a propos i t i on to ex p e l all Frenchmen Th . " 2 Republic. 4 Ni e French brig of war Eclipse also arrived here this n g, and exchanged salutes with our squadron. (From the Globe of yesterday.) OFFICIAL. Si U. S. FRIGATE CONSTELLATION, PENSACOLA BAY, APRIL 25, 1838. c .: " 1 ' 4 2 1. , '- ',J l r . Grampits has this moment returned from Vera bring s the enclosed papers,. being a report from 'Etter toner Breese, dated the 16th instant, and copy of a 4.14 r41 , with circular enclosed, from the French Co- NI: ( iir Vera Cruz, declaring a blockade of all the pouts The uttimatum and reply mentioned by Com ihnv "rees f • ded by him, but I understand v. , will b e was not orwar e • r , e found in a package of papers from our Consul at rhit r `-ruz to the Secretary of State, which I this day trans. 'll ) 3 ' til e regular mail. V era e n t 9 n tario and Concord arc now in the Gulf, the first at uz and the latter off Tampico. Ttx,l Ti Vandalic) sails to-morrow or next da for the coast of I 'llB and MeXiCO. y 44 van cl t ve t he honour to be, very respectfully, your obedient A. J. DALLAS. Hon. MAHLON DICKERSON, Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D.C. United States ship Ontario, p S ~r Sacrificios, April 16 , 1838 . 1, -- 11 ` desp atch the Grampus to apprise you thAt the 'fi nisteT' Baron Deffaudis, received yesterday from i lot t ,; () ° , : i h n e reply of this Government to his ultimatum, which J s atisfactory, it has been determined to . commence I ae4 l4 tely the blockm - de of the ports of the Republic. Her_ev‘ith cgUe, t the Prench Commander's circular to that effoct. I . have e d our Consul to procure a copy of the French ul.tima i°'_4rrbtvhte, reply thereto, and hope to obtain them in time to rh ere , tie schooner. are no merchant vessels of any nation now in port, and but one American—the Ann Eliza of New York—ex pected. The blockade will be rigid as respects merchant vessels, but none others. The French force consists at present of one frigate and five brigs ; another frigate daily expected. A gun brig will leave this evening, with despatches for the French Minister in the United States, for Pensacola. The Concord is here, and I shall direct Captain Fitzhugh to proceed off Tampico, commun'eate with our Consul there, and proffer any assistance that our countrymen there may re quire at his hands. I shall remain with the ship here, until the excitement that the blockade may create on shore has sub sided ; and then, if the presence of a vessel of war be no longer necessary, proceed to the coast of Texas, in prosecution of your further orders. Very respectfully, Sir, Your obedient servant, SAMUEL L. BREESE. Commodore A. J. DALLAS, Commanding U. S. Naval Forces in West Indies and Gulf of Mexico. Station of the Gulf of Mexico, 011 board his Majesty's frigate L'Herminie, at anchor off Sacrificing, April 18, 1838. The Commander of the station of the Gulf of Mexico has the honour to inform Captain Brease, of the sloop of war Ontario, that he has just mach known to the Mexican Go vernment the blockade of all the ports of the Republic. H. sends enclosed a copy of the circular addressed by himself and the Minister Plenipotenti ar y o f F rance , to the French Con suls established in Mexico; and at the same time he begs Captain Brown to accept the assurance of his distinguished consideration. (Signed) BAZOCHE. Circular agreed upon between the Minister Plenipotentiary of France in Mexico, and the Commander of the Naval Sta tion, notifying the French Consuls established in Mexico of the declaration of the blockade of all the ports of the Re public. In consequence of the rejection of the ultiLmtum addressed on the 21st of the last month to the Mexican Government, by order of th..: King's Government, it has been determined that the ports of Mexico shall immediately be blockaded, for the purpose of preventing all entry to or departure from them. In this state of things, the Baron DAFaulis and the Com mander Bazoche have adopted the following principles for the blockade : I. No neutral vessel proceeding towards the entrance of the blockaded ports shall be detained or captured, if she has not previously received from one of the vessels of the French divi sion a special notification of the existence of the blockade. The notification shall be, moreover, inserted in writing on the muster roll of the neutral vessel, by the cruiser which meets her ; and it shall contain the announcement, together with a statement of the day and the latitude in which it was made. 2. Neutral vessels which may be already in one of the poets of the Republic before the blockade of such port, will have full liberty to depart, with or without cargo, during fifteen dais, dated from that upon which the blockade is established. 3. The ports of Vera Cruz and Tampico will remain en tirely free for the entrance and departure of the British post office, military and noncommercial packet ships. 4. The ports of the Mexican Republic shall remain entirely free for the entrance and departure of Mexican boats exclu sively engaged ;n fishing, unless the French naval division should be hereafter forced, in retaliation, to withdraw this be nevolent disposition. Translation of a Note from the Minister Plenipotentiary of France, accompanied by a document. Sir.—The Mexican Government having refused to accepi the ultimatum, addressed, with the view of effecting a recon ciliation, to it on the 21st of March last, by the French Go vernment, the King's Minister i❑ Mexico, who is at this mo ment on board the frigate l'Herminie, has just communicated by m-, by means of:the armed brig l'Eclipse, sent for the pur pose to Pensacola, this refusal, as also the measures which it had induced Captain Bazoche, the commander of the naval forces to employ ; and I hasten, Sir. agreeably to his Ma jesty's orders, to make known to the Government of the United States, the following official notification : All the ports of Mexico are declared to be in a state of blockade. The blockade is rendered effective (or to be en forced) with regard to Vera Cruz, from and after the 15th of the last month, and has doubtless been since extended to the other ports of the republic. The orders received by the commander, Bazoche, for the execution of the duty committed to him, are, as you see, Sir, from the annexed extract of the despatch sent to me by Baron Deffaudis, entirely conformable with the liberal principles professed by France on the subject of blockades ; and they are drawn up in such a manner as to preserve neutrals, especially the vessels of the United States, from all restraints and vexa tions (entraves) which are not absolutely indispensable for the attainment of the lawful ends proposed by the King's Go vernment. On addressing you, Sir, this communication, I have the honour to request that you would be so kind as to acknowledge the receipt of it as soon as possible, in order that the brig Eclipse may not be detained at Pensacola waiting for my answer longer than necessary. I avail m — relf, Sir, of this occasion to renew to you a , - suranecs of my high consideration. THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDA 4', MAY 23, 1838. GREAT WESTERN STEAMER. A JOURNAL OF THE FIRST VOYAGE OF THE STEAM-SHIP " GREAT WESTERN," LIEUT. JAMES HOSKINS, COMMANDER,FROM BRIS TOL TO NEW YORK. BY A PASSENGER. ( From the Philadelphia National Gazette of May 5. ) SATITIIDAY, APRIL 7.—Our departure from Bristol was at the ap pointed time of sailing. Having got on bo.ird a small steamer, a twad_ riling little thing, we left the foot of the Cumberland, or outer basin, at a few minutes past two, p.m., to join the Great Western, at the mouth of the river, the Avon—not Shakspeare's—a tributary to the Severn, and upon which, at some ten or twelve miles from its confluence with the parent stream, Bristol is situated. The day was an unpropitious one. A strong breeze, almost a gale, blew dead against us ; the clouds lowered, and a cutting rain, alternated with a fitful sunshine. Had our lot been cast in those good old times, when Nature, in her freaks, revealed to grandames the mysteries of buttermilk and unhatched eggs, we had surely deemed it ominous, for the elements seemed to fret and fume over the commencement of the voyage. Thanks to the darkness of the latter days, however, the wind to us was but wind, and the rain but rain; so wrapping our cloaks still closer about us to exclude both, our duckling ofa steamer was permitted to paddle en. The scenery in the vicinity of Bristol is perhaps the finest of its cha. meter in England, and passing down the Avon it is seen in some of its most enchanting features. For some miles below the city the shore on either side is a continuity of stupendous granite rock, sometimes at taining the height of three hundred feet above the water mark. Start ing from the stream, with but a narrow road or toe path at the b ase oc casionally to relieve the abruptness, they rise, , piling mass on mass and vein on vein, frowning in naked crags, the impracticable precipice—or yielding their severity, gently recede, grudging their rude cliffs to the mountain larch. At one point on the river, the heights of Clifton were visible, w:th their graceful crescents peering above like the creations of a fairy land. Near to these we passed the site of the contemplated suspension bridge over the Avon. The workmen are as yet engaged only on the abut ments,—enormous structures, wrought upon the hill side, resembling rather the gigantic efforts of a giant race (the engrafting of rock on rock) than the work of common men. An iron bar, seven hundred and eighty.five feet in length, stretched from summit to summit on at an elevation of one hundred and seventy-two feet from low water mark, shews the precise spot, height and length, of the intended bridge. At another point our attention was attracted by men procuring a par ticular sort of stone. It was at a little distance from the river, but at One of the most precipitous and highest points of rock. They seemed to use nothing but crow-bars in the work, the part to which their atten tion was given being soft. They stood upon small cliffs almost at the top of the precipice, with ropes about their waists and passed over the summit, to assist them in ascending and descending, as well as to guard against any unhappy slips, and prying the stone from its bed, it came down in huge masses, rattling and rebounding as it struck with the noise almost of distant thunder. Beyond this rocky section the shore breaks into finely sloped hills, abounding in wood, hedge, and lawn. Foliage had not yet burst; still had the plough and harrow b sen busy, contrasting delightfully the warm and mellow earth with the verdure of the award, already in the rich hue of spring. The rise and fall of the tide in the Severn is thirty feet, and having the flood against us, our passage was prolonged. We reached the Great Western at about five rem., and strange it seemed. So strongly had curiosity been excited by this vessel, that we who had now come to take our departure by her were obliged to wait whilst a small steamer, thronged with eager visitants, left her side to make room for us. We joined her ; and as is ever the case on shipboard at the appointed moment of sailing, every thing was poll mell. It seems little short of professional, or in coif lenity with some quirk in a sailor's creed that it should be so—and bad not experience given me a hint of this fact, I would really have been dismayed—spars, boards, boxes, barrels, sails, cordage, seemingly without number, stirr^d well together—coals for the groundwork—baggage to infinity—Captain scolding, mates bawling, men growling, and passengers in the midst of all, in the way of every thing and every body, is a pretty good description of the state ofa ship's deck generally, when about to get under weigh. It happens mostly that a very little time is sufficient to put matters in tolerable order, and off they go, relying upon the sea to do the rest, in shaking persons as well as things into their proper places. With us, however, the derangement was a littlebeyond this, and the breeze having now increased to a gale, it was determined by Captain Hoskins to lie by until the morning ; so each installing himself in his little castle, found enough to do in the arrangement of it to amuse him for the evening, and all I believe found an early bed made welcome by a day of fatigue. SuNnav, Eerie—At eight a.m. this morning, our ears were saluted by the low roar of the furnaces, which announced the kindling of the fires, the note of preparation for departure. At nine the steam was up ; our colours were hoisted ; the British ensign at our ga ff , while that of our sister country, the l..nd t f our present hope, was assigned an honourable place at the fore. Tile call for all hands was immediately made, with the order to man the windlass. It was over two hours before the anchor was to the bow, a delay at At twelve iiave a w assailed ied were usfairly in which all gre w i mpat i ent, but unavoidable by reason of the great scope t t hecontemplation and of chain o u t , and everything being new the windlass worked stiffly. whatever of m o i u s r g i v e n y g a s g e, might l e believe viously that at this moment there was not a faltering heart amongst us. Such stability, such power, such provision against every probable or barely possible contingency, and such order presented itself everywhere on board, as was sufficient to allay all fear. That there should latterly have been a doubt as to the practicability and safety of a passage by steam across the Atlantic, seems indeed strange, when with any effort of rea son we took at the question. The North Sea and the Mediterranean by tire way of Gibraltar frem England, have been long navigated by steam ; and it is now nearly two years since the passage to India, by way of the Cape of Good Hope, has beets successfully made by four or five different vessels; and in all this there has surely been as much encountered as is ever likely to assail a navigation by the same means between Europe and America. Yet, that doubts have existed on the score of this new at tempt, extensively, and in the minds of many who ought to be able to form a correct judgment upon thesubject, there can no question. It is a weakness of our nature that sometimes so strangely permits our imagi nations to beset us with difficulties, which exist only in the fact that an effort to confront them has not been made. Thus it was in a former age that regions unexplored were invested with fancied terrors, and more than half the globe lay for centuries unknown. The evening found us at the mouth of the Bristol Channel, Lundy bearing N., making our way against a head wind, and upon an ugly hard sea. MONDAY, 9th.—The morning opened upon us de;ight rutty, and with such a face as made our steamer glorious —sunny aad quiet, the sea heaved in glassy volumes, disturbed only immediately around us by the plunge of our paddle wheels, and the rapid progress of the vessel. To one accustomed to the assoCivaetisrels,Otfhteilee.ffseeac,taws t a h s e v y e a r r y c s u tr s i u k a i l i l i y g • . prele n n i t s e is d f t t n e o e e t l pine i l g a s , , e voyager t s li e e f wavesr a friends ci ali a t a l n i t d l ea'ge stirringx pa expanse , o v f orld wate r , ; a d h ve theirn r s some ri m measure rde push.takei ings are to him like the voices and glee of boon coinpanions, or their the angry discord of other ele men t s ; an d the absence es of fn these, mtihni the quietude as uietude of a calm—the glare of the unruffled ocean, conveys to his feelings a sense of solitude and silence not less powerful perhaps, than would the wilderness itself t o one accustomed only to the jarrings and jostlings of the every day world. This, in deed, is the only solitude the sailor knows ; the only silence he truly feels; and to see the repose of the deep thus invaded, our vessel cours. ing on, I can scarce call it else, for her swiftness appeared the eager. news of hot pursuit, seemed strange as the sight of some startling op. parition of active life in the midst of the unbroken desart. At ten a.m. a light breeze from the Northward made sail ; several vessels in sight. At twelve, noon, came up with and spoke American s hip N e p onse t , t C h l i i i a ek rle r s o t g en ad a heavy head swell ; weather looki n g dirty. o f B At sfitvoen , four p.m . d w a i y a s d o a u h t eoafdLiverpool, all, in sail for o i r Latitude at noon ..... . ........ . ..... 50d. 27m. N. Longitude 7d. 32m. W. Barometer 30d. 10m. Thermometer .................. 55d. C ou rse by Compass Wind T UESDA Y lOth.—Fairly shaking hands with O ld Neptune, through a head wind, and over a head sea. The incipient symptoms of yesterday have become confirmed cases this morning. S ea sickness stalks in stifling horror among us, and the dreadful cry of steward'—stewartp____ the last ejaculation of desp air, comes from a dozen nooks, hurried in a piercing treble, or growled forth with muttered maledictions on the dilatory bucket bearer, in the deep tones of thorough bass. At 9A. M. two sail in sight—a large ship abeam, to windward, stand. ing E., a ship on the weather bow, close hauled on the larboard tack ; wind W.S. W. Soon discovered a black ball painted in the foretopsail of the latter, by which we knew her for a packet ship; hoisted our colours, the American at the fore; kept the steamer up a point, and at 11 passed and spoke her—the South America, seven days out of Liver pool, for New York. Whatever might have been the kindness and good will with which we called graced our greeting of th is fellow wa y farer of the deep and however warmly and sincerely we wou ld have y iel ded to any claim upon our cha rities in his behalf, yet I much fear that wit h it all, we entertai ne d at b h ieea almostrt feelinga t,at that eoa d otherwise,of un ec andonii n exultation.ie frailty ea hardlyn it t wasbe impossi. unpardonable. The meeting of a packet ship, a creature I may can it of proud pre eminence, i w w as fe a el s i o n r g t s of e f c contest, and sailor r d a triumph r was et,lis a t t ed thatlia.hown ship, moment.in ur a aas, whatever she may be; yet sailing —quick sailing, being the beauty —th e point of pride--the one thing needful to constitute her perfect, when ver that is found, especially if combined with other merits, she is su premely the object of his regard above all else that he may meet. Her conquests are his, and lie would be little less affected by any thing impair ing her high claims, than if he'hirnself had become the victim of disaster and defeat Our salutations were In the courtesy of the seas ; our colours were answered by his numbers, to which we again responded by heisting ours. Thus decked with flags we bore up to speak him. As we approached, the steamer stretched to windward, thoegh not near enough to hail ; our engines wbre stopped, —the ship shot ahead, and gathering our way atoll. we passed under his stern and up to leeward. It was a noble sight; she was under topgallant sails, making the best of a fresh breeze, dead ahead, jammed upon a wind, a sailor would term it—and I really know no phrase of more polished form by which to convey the idea better, even to a landsma n . Fancy her careening to the breeze, plunging at one moment, the foam rolling in volumes from beneath her bows—rising at the next—up—up —her polished copper bare, her keel almost out, seeming the very exer tion of instinctive effort, then down with a plunge, dashing off the foam again, every inch of canvas stretched to its uttermost, and the wind seeming in her very teeth —fancy this, and you have some notion of a ship at sea " close hauled." Her sides were crowded with passengers; there were but two ladies. We too bore a " cottage" with its flaunting veil, and our pride dilated in the display of such a sharer in the venture of our voyage. Our Captains exchanged the mystic tone; the indefinable bellow of adieus were a " hail;" " where from," and " how long out," were soon asked ; our friends, the steamer urged her way a-head, the helm was ordered r r .1 course.a st b a r i b s f o a a n r cde, made; and exchanging three hearty cheers, first given by ou At 3 p.m. a ship to leeward, by the wind, on the larboard tack. e b u y r lo c .g ol . ruis . w .. e .. r . e .. h . a . u .. l . et . l down, and we were again upon At 4 P.M. wind hauled to S.W. ; made sail. Day ends with fine breeze and smooth sea. Latitude at noon Longitude 213 miles. Barometer 30.20 ..................... Thermometer Course by Compass .. W. by N. Wind ... S.W. WEDNESDAY, llth.—This morning we were surprised by the appear. ance of a bouquet on one of our cabin tables ; hyacinths, daffodils, vio. lets, and primroses at sea 1 It were vain to inquire whence they came, so we scout the question, and, like good heathens, receive them, render ing thanks to the Nereides. It would be difficult for the uninitiated to conceive how ardently every circumstance on shipboard is taken hold of, however trilling it may be in itself, that can in any way be made to contribute to agreeable occupation, or even to a momentary pastime. The mind seems unwit tingly to partake restrainto f,a f acdmmia t des t el i tid e igfihhbteeycsichihai upon our corporeal freedom, and to shrink instinctively from its accustomed flights to others of a narrower range : a sail in the distance, a wearied land bird flitting by, an excur sion in the boat, a gun let off, a burning barrel turned adrift, the veriest jest iiTluari ged t r h y,t, a , , can dlblj trifles ,ad, tnee t : l rv i ee a es t ii at m;ae g theya n:a n ct o i d t taei h ir: e ,eat r a,s o t ao i ls m i:geil e ist i c eat l eh maest a .ee i z i ne o ttha t ano l ther stance, assum shec e cobato a r:dc f o: a l miner feature of domestic life, a household seeming, it is seized with the quick avidity and enjoyed with the zest of a stolen pleasure. At 6 A.M. passed a large ship, showing French colours, standing to the eastward. At 8 A.m, a brig standing to the Westward ; wind hauling to the Northward, jibbed ship and set square foresail and f .retopsail. At 11 A.m. an American ship to leeward, standing E. The day ends with a fine breeze frons N. E. ; all sail set; a large swell out of W.S. W. Latitude at noon Longitude 17 10 Distance by log Barometer Thermometer Course by Compass Wind THURSDAY, 12T11.—The repose of last night might be compared to a tossing in a blanket, and a dance of pot-hooks and frying pans were nothing in din to the glorious clatter among the moveables that accom. mulled it; to a sailor it would be quite enough to say, the wind was " right aft," the text to a whole chapter of horrors. The motion of a ship under sail has sometimes been compared to the noble bearing of a stately horse; it is a pretty shnle, and a vastly exciting one when upon a smooth sea we can fancy our nag ambles well; or even in a breeze, when mounting the waves with a " side wind," the exhiliration of the moment may persuade us that we prance upon the deep; but with the wind abaft, the roll, the interminable, ceaseless roll, is beyond the power of imagination to liken to any thing to which Providence ever gave a gait. The congregated infirmities of all the halt in Christ endom could scarce be worse. The difference of motion by a "side wind" and the wind abaft is, that with the former, however the ship may pitch, she is still somuch inclined always —pressed over by the wind, that whatever moves is sure to go to the lower side, or " down to leeward," and will there lie quietly. But when tefore the wind the ship rolls, descending to equal points on either side, and the consequence is, that everything not absolutely spiked or lashed down hard and fast plays at every oscillation to the Utmost of its tether, accompanying the movement with its own peculiar music of creak, clatter, or squeak, as the case may be. Sometimes, as if by way of climax, the water tumbles in over one gunwale, swashing over the deci,, aed dribbling by every aperture into the cabin below—then rolling again, as if to court the embraces of a sister wave, the ship descends, and again in pours a briny sweet one over the other. Sitting or standing at such a time is equally an exertion of our best powers of tenacity, and to take to one's berth may be likened to seeking refuge within the arms cf a " demented sentry box." And with all this, the confusion, the row among chairs, trunks, and all the locomotive paraphernalia of the cabin, the never-dying conflict of platters, spoons, and dishes in the steward's toom, the creaking of bulk heads, and the occasional thump and rumble of a "fetch away" on deck, form an aggregate or ludicrous discomfiture unequalled by the most refined misery which any derangement or dis order on shore could possibly inflict. I speak now of what sometimes occurs at sea. We have not hail anything quits of this order. At noon thick weather and moderate breeze at E. At 8 ism. wind hauled to N. N.E.; settfore-and-aft foresail,'mainsaii, and mizen ; sea smooth, and the ship literally flying through the water. Latitude at noon 47a 17' N. Longitude 22 51 W. Distance by log 231 miles. Barometer Thermometer 63 Course by Compass W. N. W. p. Wind ES. E. to N.N.E. FRIDAY, fine morning; the sea in its richest livery, a bril liant blue, studded with flowing " white caps" and looking gay any merry. The day has been interesting by experiments upon our engines; the object was to ascertain the speed of the vessel relatively with the degree of power applied and the required consumption of coal, The result is reducible to figures in a very small compass. Power of steam to the Revolutions Stiles per Cwt. of Coate square inch. per Minute. Hour per Hogs. 3i lbs. or full steam ... 15i 12,1 28 B-10ths of 3i 1b5......... 15 12i A 27 I N 7-10ths ditto ...... 14 121 26 5-10th ditto The power of the engines being 225 horses each*. The gradations were arrived at by the Cramm, a part of the engine adapted to "cut off the stroke," as it is technically termed, to any de. sired proportion, which is done by its action on one of the principal valves in such a manner as partially to close it. The proof of the amount of pressure, was shown by an instrument called the Indicator, which was screwed upon the cylinder—communicating with it from from within for the purpose, and which, by the action of the engine, most in geniously given to it, described with a lead pencil upon paper a paral lelogram, cutting off one corner, showing the precise vacuum in the cylinder, and by this, the proportion of power applied. To a novice, the wi ole process seemed a mystic operation, and re minded one of the story of an Indian, who seeing a steam engine, fan cied that a spirit lay imprisoned within the boilers, and that by building a fire beneath them, it was excited to fury, and thus put the whole in motion. The paper and lead pencil in such hands, and the close observation of the besmutted engineers, might verily be said to bear some resemblance to the intercourse of imps with an incarcerated devil. The experiments strikingly illustrate the mechanical principle of the difference between the ratio of power applied, and that of its results. Our sails were set dosing the day, with the wind from the Southward, but so light as could have had no appreciable influence on our experiments. The morning was thus well nigh consumed, and a day thus began at sea, to and fro on deck—upon the wing as it might be—is seldom given in the end to sedentary occupations or to any pursuit more profitable than a prolonged lounge. Our strolls for the afternoon lay between the jib-doom end and the poop, watching the heaving of the sea and the motion of the vessel ; and we were at least exhilirated, if made none the wiser by our peregrinations The day ends with fine weather, the wind at E. in all fore.and.aft sail, Latitude at noon, 46d. 56 N. Longitude, 28 27 W. Distance by log 218 miles. Barometer .30.75 Thermometer 64 Course by compass Wind S.E. to N.E. SATURDAY, 14.—The • I 'otiquet has our care. It is now among the first duties of the litOrning to look to it; to cull its withered leaves and replenish the water. It has become a matter of ambition with us to carry' into New York a flower still fresh, though plucked in England. How incongruous it seems that a simple violet should become the tes timony to a great achievement I—even to beard the philosopher iiimselft Saturday afternoon on board ship is made to bear some likeness to the termination of the same day on shore by a likeness in its duties—a generalclearing up and marked preparation for Sunday. We have had enough of it. For etting all else in the bustle, I will merely mention , that our decks were holy stoned I"Ilast ever seen or heard holy stones? They :re of the good old family of grindstones, bearing are. lationship to it, kindred to that of squeaking pigs to their grandmother. To describe them—they are blocks of stone something larger and nearly as heavy as a square 56 pounds weight. They have brush handles at tach, d, and are used with as much sand as may be needful to aid the operation anti bring the music to a certain pitch, to scour the decks. Now imagine a dozen or more of these put in motion over head, some two or three feet above you, for the purpose and in the manner that I have named—that is holy stoning simply'—infliction iu the first degree, and suited to an age ere the inquisition became an exquisite. But the moment chosen invariably happens to be that at which you have jus fallen into an afternoon nap, or are enjoying the raptures of delicious morningdreamsl—and this—but I cannot find a name for the foul torture. The day being smooth, time engines were stopped at noon, for the first time on the passage, to examine the paddle wheels, and to " screw up." Lay by two hours. At 2 P.M. proceeded. At 3 came up with and passed a small brig steering W. The day throughout has been fine, with a light breeze from the southward, and smooth sea. All sail set. Latitude at noon .. Longitude ...... Distance by log Barometer Thermometer ..... .. os Course by compass Wind S.E. SUNDAY, 15th.--Commences with a tine breeze from the southward) and a smooth sea—a brilliant morning. All sail set, our ship goinA nobly on. Nowhere is the influence of fine weath er upon time spirits more strongly felt than at sea—a bright day, a fair wind, and the sea glittering in the sun, seem spells which charm every element of happi. , ness within us into activity and life. This seems strange in the ab sence of so much generally associated with our pleasures, yet it is so and the reason, I take to be, is this—that though deprived of much that' under other circumstances might minister to feelings of a grosser birth, yet the freedom from care, and the abstraction from the world which every one at sea feels, leaves us the more susceptible to a subtle influ.' ence and a high enjoyment. Sunday on board s hi p i s mostly as marked and as perceptible by every • external characteristic as it is on shore. Swept decks, clean clothes," smooth chins, and no work among the crew, are as distinct from the: every. day complexion of a sea life, as are closed shops, smart dresses,: and a quiet air, from the week-day bustle of a crowded city: and with, these, even the sun at sea has the same Sunday look he seems to wear when smiling upon the Sabbath of one's home. At 11 A.M. we hayse service in the upper cabin; prayers read by the Captain. At 1 rsaf. exchanged signals with a large American ship standing E. Day ends' with a fine breeze from S. W. and an increasing sea. Latitude at noon 45 deg. 12 min. N. Longitude 39 Distance by lo g 41 miles. Barometer . ......... 30.40 Thermometer Course by comp ass ..•. 65 Win-1 . ......... W. by N. MONDAY, 16th.—Morning comes and evening goes at sea, as else where, and every day has its chronicle. A ship is a little empire; it has its monarch and his chief councillors, its patricians and plebeians, its codes and customs, its laws and their vindication, its fashions and its follies ; and the history of a voyage might be compared to the annals of an era in the existence of one of those greater members of the world's community. There is this difference, that while men remain still_ ciently unchanged at sea, to carry still the seeds of discord and disuni within, it is left to a nobler influence from without, than that of a fear of our fellow men—a dread of the elements themselves, to overcoiA,', them; an influence that in its character of an appellant to our fears, one is almost ready to believe involves the only principle of combination —the only impulse to a common purpose, to which our imperfect natures are susceptible. A member of our State, of the plebeian order, was this morning given over to the chief judge, and by the chief judge to the king 1 In plain truth, Jack had been refracto. and refusing his work he was brought to judgment. The hearing was a short one; a negotiation was entered upon with the belligerent, and terms offered for his ratification—either to do duty and share the p. vileges and protection extended to faithful subjects, or to do nothing and share nothing appertaining to those things which men are pleased to deem wholesome and comfortable—meat and drink. Tack was too much a man of the world to desire to place himself in a position so pecu liar as the latter would have entailed, so accepting the former, the affair was ended. At 6 a, at. the wind chopped into N. W., with a strong breeze, handed all sails; a heavy swell out of S. W 46. 23. N. 34. 9. W. 218 miles. 30. 60. At noon wind more moderate and hauling to the northward, set reefed fore and-aft foresail and mainsail At 9 P.M., wind hauled to S. V., blowing hard ; made the ship in ug under reefed fore.and.aft foresail on the larbaard tack. At 11 p.m., wind backed to N. \V. in a hard squall and increasing. with a high cross sea running, in all sail; a foul night. Latitude at noon 44 min. 34 deg. N. Longitude 45 31 W. Distance by log 0 43 miles. Barometer 30.30 Thermometer 5 2. Course by Compass W. N. W. Wind S W. to N. W. TUESDAY, 17th.—An appropriate figure head for our ship would be, Vulcan with Neptune by the beard, and old bolus fairly under foot. Such had been the picture had Ovid told the story of our voyage, for it seems little short of a conquest of the elements. The past night and day have afforded us in some measure an oppo,- tunity of testing the powers of steam against the adverse influences weather —a gale in our teeth, and a sea ahead, which in volume is seldom found in any part of the Atlantic beyond the limits of the banks ()I' Newfoundland. Our ship behaved nobly. She plunged and rolled, a The whole number of revolutions of the ines during the voyage, was two hundred and eighty-seven thousand three h ndred and twent y_ four t Dr. Lardner in his work on the steam engine, 1836, declares thi project—the enterprise--one of the boldest iii the application of steam power—the then contemplated intercourse between London and New York by steam, to be impracticable. Course by compass Wind w. N. W N. W. The declining sun seemed to announce our approach to the shores of America. Without that diversified richness of the sky which some times .:waits upon the day's departure there, it yet had enough of charac teristic to proclaim it as its own. A mass of heavy clouds had gathered above and around, darkening the day It broke in the west, an •I ruse in a broad, low, and strongly de. fined arch like the lifting of a curtain, disp'aying the setting sun through an atmosphere so rich and so pure that the fancy might almost deem it. such as angels dwell in. The ocean lay tinted in its hues, blending the gold and purple with its own deep blue, a:td as the sun rani: still lower, streams c flight shot upward bathing the heavens and the whole canopy' of clouds in floods of richest crimson —lt was a sunset and twilight sff the new world. Saturday evening, on board ship is mostly a time. of some distinction, Note by the Editor.—This is an error; and our author's remarks. and congratulations on the priority of the Great Weste n in navigating: the Atlantic by steam, are without foundation. To Americans belong' the honour of being the first to show the safety of steam navigation across the Atlantic. The following account of the voyage is from the Net, York Courier and Enquirer of the 26th ultimo Captain Moses Rogers, in the year 1819, left the port of Savannah, in a steamer of ibe same Dame, on the 25th of May, and came to anchor at Live,Tool on the 20th of June. She left Liverpool on the 23d of July, t'or St. Petersburg!), and on the 9th of September moored off Cron statn. On the 6th of October she left Cronstadt, and on tit 30th of November anchored off Savannah, having on her return voyage stopped_ four days at Copenhagen, and four days a* Arundel, in Norway. During: the whole of this period, she snot with no accident, except the loss of ae small boat and anchors. " The steam ship Savannah, was built tinder the superintendence of Captain Rogers, and was launched in the pelt of New York, on the 2:1.: of August, 1818. Her wheels were so constructed that they could he taken on board in case of necessity, in about twenty minutes. The cpy in it adds, that when•the Savannah• sailed from Liverpool for Russia,the British journals of the day suggested that this " steam operation may in some measure be connected with the ambitious views of the United States." Such are the facts in connexion with this expedition of Capt. Roged-s, and it is certainly due to his own reputation and the honour of the country, that a more full account of it should be put on record. As far the above statement goes, it may be relied upon as entirely authentic; but some permanent memorial of the enterprise is eesirahle, to perpe tuate the name of Captain Rogers, and to vindicate the fame of his achievement. In confirmation of the statements of our correspondent; we annex the following paragraph, from the Star of last evening : `` TuE FIRST STI.::01 Snip Acaoss THE ATLANTTC.—WithOLII wishing in any manner to derogate from the honour that belongs to Lieutenant Roberts, of the Siri us s t eam s hi p, j us t arrived fr,in Cork, it is dire to our own country t., ,tate, that to America belongs the cre.At of havin g fi rs t acc omplished a steam voyag e across the Atlantic Ocean. Phis took piace in the year 1819, w hi ch is therefore eighteen y( ars since. mhe . Savannah, built h ere i n New York by Francis Fickett ; owned by ,Janie! Dodd ; Steph en Vail, of Speed.. well, near Morristown, built the engine or the ship. Captain Rogers was her comman.ler, and she sailed . to Europe twice, She visit e d Liver pool and Stockholm ; the King of Sweden, B ernadotte, was on board of her, and presented Captain Rogers with a stone and mulct (now in the possession of Mr. George 1,11), as a 'token of his gratification at the suc cess of the enterprise. The ship also visited St. Petersburgh, and Captain Rogers received from the Emperor a present of a silver tea ket tie, as a token of hip . gratifi,ntion at th e first attempt to cross the Atlan tic by stcaol. The :;avannah afterwards went to Constantinople, and. the Captain received presents from the Grand Seignor." every vessel in similar circumstances must have done—often burying her paddle win to the shaft, and was as uncomfortable as any huge cradle well tossed and tumbled could be ; yet her motions were easy, anti her progress without intermission. In consequence of the heavy sea, the working of the engines was re duced to ten revolutions per minute, during which time it is shown by the result of the observations of the morning, that we made an average of five and a half knots per hour. The morning found our cabin in some confusion, as is usual on ship , board after a rough night. Among other mishaps, the little pitcher holding our bouquet, had " felched way," and the flowers lay bruised and strewed about the carpet. Our drowsy senses, after a wakeful night, seemed little affected by the event —an undisturbed nap, anti an absence of care for our own proper equilibrium on a smoother sea, will doubtless leave us more alive to our loss. At 5 A.M. passed a brig lying to under close reefed niain.top.sail, and balanc;., reefed trysail. At 11 A.M. on the eastern edge of the banks of Newfouedland. Ex changed signals with a large barque showing English colours, steering to the southward. At noon wind more moderate. At g P.st. stopped the engines, and hove to for a cart of the lead ; had 6110111 at 25 fathoms. Latitude at nooli Longitude Distance by log Barometer Tiiertnometer WEDNESDAY, BTll.—lt is quite clear we have no fraternity with the fishes The porpoise, the most frequent of our ocean visitors usually, whose g mbols around the bows are often the subject of a moment's in terest to the voyager, comes now, dashing forward with its merry troop in, all their accustomed glee, until near our paddle wheels they turn_ startled by the plashing—and dash off, tumbling and rolling, it would seem, upon each other in their haste, like a levy of frighted children, who had become suddenly assured of having mistaken: a hobgoblin for a well-known friend. In making a voy age in the Great Western, every day affords occasion for the expree_ sion of astonishment at the progress of Science ,and the attainment of human power; and as vain or as common-place as the question may ap_ pear, it seems to present itself there, invested with something like so lemnity—when and at what point shall the pile be shaken which cemsti lutes the sublime fabric of I:mnati know leC.ge ? But a few generations since, and the ocean upon which we sail, the continent to which our coin se is directed,—aye, more than half the world were beyond the ken of /non ! and now—what are they ?--what is man himself, and what are human means, wrought out by the divinity within us, compared hills the creature out his aids of those days? The question, where will these things riot an end is irresistible. At 5, rat., smooth sea and moderate breeze front S. W. At 6, lest., a large ship to leeward, steering E. Leti!tide at n00n............. N. Longitude 52m. 30d, W. Distance by log. Barometer ........ . ............... 30 20 Thermometer 42 Course Wind W. THURSDAY, 19111.—T0 an accustomed sailor --.1 minion of the winds— it is long before the novelty of a steamer at sea, with all the attendant circumstances of its internal economy, can wear itself into familiarity. • Chiefly he feels a strange relief in the absence of care about the weather or the winds —sources to which he has habitually looked for a large proportion of his contentment. The never ceasing question of the morning to which he is used—" how is the wind ?" or " how does she head ?" presents itself ai his waking like the remembrance of some nauseous morning dose now discontinued ; and in place of the excite ment among his fellow voyagers by afair wind and the prospect of a fine run, or the despondency by a foul one and all sorts of evil forebodings, he hears the common parlance of every day life, or issuing from his room finds them distributed in groups awaiting breakfast, in the discus sion of the merits of their favourite picture! The space too, and, as far as regards the Great Western, the splendour around, continually surprise him. The light spars, light sails, and light rigging, on deck, look like light walls and great windows to an ac eistotned prison —rob bing it of half its terrors. A sailor, to whom a dark cloud has ever been a thing of watchful apprehension—like a stealing, crafty enemy— cannot cast his eyes aloft but feeling a new sense of safety, he will turn to the squall with a grin, and lreling it in the face, bid it " blow its heart out." The richness below—the cabin—sec ins the expression of individual taste, and the elegance of a bountiful hospitality, rather than a provi sion for the common participation of the wayfarer ; and this at sea, too ! The change is a pleasant one, and to the older voyager, unfa miliar as it ma} be, it is perhaps the more delightful, as he alone can truly estimate the change —a transition from the endurances to what may be called the luxuries of the enjoyments of a sea life. At 4, P.M., came up with and spoke the American ship Jefferson, of Baltimore, thirty-five days out of London for New York. At 10 res., fresh breeze from S.W., and much sea. Latitude at noon, 42 deg. 2 min. N. Longitude, 56 48 W. Distance by log, 206 miles. Barometer, 30 10 Thermometer, 63 Course by compass, W, Wind, a v. Frtinev 20err.— A thoroughly uncomfortable day, and decidedly a bad road; with such tracks left us to crawl ever as the wind god makes when there has been heavy work. Our roach rolling and pitching abominably to the very hubbs. A more than usually heavy sea has left us little with which to occupy maintain that ourselves to-day, heyond the car e n ee df u l to ' . ,sitien which is the pride of our nature—a well poised equilibli ":in on both legs. The motion of the ship was greater this m ..,rniug that. any we had before had. Nearly calm, or the little wind there was nearly a-head, our sails were of no service, and a heavy sea, such as usually follows a violent gale, tossed us like a floating bird upon the waves. It was satisfactory, however, as affording further illustra tions of the capabilities of the vessel. Her engines were eased, yet she continued at a speed of not less than six or seven knets per hour. And those features in her model which, before her sailing, were the only grounds of doubt, as far as mere model was conccrned—her length and sharpness—seemed now the characteristics best adapted to her purpose. She cleaves the sea upon her water-line, while her bearings below are quite sufficient to give her buoyancy, almost without a plunge, and a remarkable consequence of this, aided by her length is, that her way, though abated, as must ever occur to any ves sel upon a head sea, is yet, never wholly lost; hence have we been during the whole voyage, without that jar and check, by the stroke of the sea, to which vessels are usually subject under similar circumstances. The nature of the propelling power has, also, an impor tent agency in this distinction; the action of the paddle wheel being from the centre of the vessel horizontally, has no effect upon her per pendicular motions, while that of the mast, under a heavy press of sail, being from above, acts partially as a lever upon the hull, to make every plunge the more severe. There another remarkable distinction in the Great Western—an absence, in a great measure, of sensible motion or jar from her engines. This arises as well from the strength of the vessel as from the character of the engines themselves--a very low pressure, a short stroke, and a slow movement. Towards evening the sea became more smooth, the wind hauling to the northward. Sudden transitions of this kind, more than once upon our voyage, have led us to the idea that the power of lomotion gives ns an advantage never before dreamt of, that we are enabled in some measure to verify the Munchausen story of keeping the rain at our horse's tail —that in short, we may very much decrease the en durance of foul weather by running out of it. It would, at all events, be an interesting subject of inquiry, by a comparison of log, from time to time with the account of other vessels, to ascertain how far the changes arising from this circumstance really do occur. Latitude at noon Longitude ...... 60 34 W. Distance by log_ Barometer 30 deg. Thermometer 55 Course by Compass Wind S. W. by W. SATURDAY, 21sT.—We have to congratulate ourselves upon another fine morning and another smooth sea. With a fine breeze from the northward, we are staggering under all our canvass, and the engines in full play, it is impossible to conceive any thing of human sway or human power upon the deep more exhilirating or delightful. Few positions in lire carry with them a greater spell upon the feelings, or excite us to a nobler sense of our own nature, than that of the voyager upon the ocean, when his ship, bending under a press of canvass, and mounting majestically at every succeeding wave, she urges her rapid way. Such magnitude, such power, and yet so child-dike ! a word—the slightest inurement of the helm—and she is governed ; the winds and the very sea seem to be at his control. With us too, there is much to aid the excitement ; we are of the first (m) to make the great adventure, to establish that success which may, and probably will, mark an era in the intercourse—in the fraternity of a wide world. The afternoon was diversified by a sharp snow squall. It continued until our masts, sails, and rigging were completely hung in its fleecy drapery; and until the snow lay nearly two inches deep upon our decks; the result of all which was, a thorough set to at snow-balls by all the idlers of the cabin. \ E. DE PONTOIS. To the Hon. J. Forsyth, Secretary of State of the United States. Extract from the despatch of the Baron Deffaudis, dated April 15, 1838. " On board his Majesty's frigate l'Herminie, at anchor off Sacrificios, near Vera Cruz. " I. No neutral vessel proceeding towards the entrance of the blockaded ports shall be detained or captured, if she has not previousl) received from one of the vessels of the French division, a special notification of the existence of the blockade. This notification shall be moreover inserted in writing on the muster roll of the neutral vessel, by the cruiser which meets her; and it shall contain the announcement, together with statements of the day and the latitude in which it was made. " 2. Neutral vessels which may be already in one of the ports of the Republic, for the blockade of such port, will have full liberty to depart, with or without cargo, within fifteen days, dated front that upon which the blockade is established. " 3. The ports of Vera Cruz and Tampico will remain en tirely free for the entrance and departure of the Post-office, military, and non-commercial packet vessels. 4. The ports of the Mexican Republic shall remain en tirely free for the entrance and departure of Mexican bcrti eogaged in fishing, unless the French naval division shall be !, , reafter forced, in retaliation, to withdraw this benevok•rt dis Asition." - , ee Sir, that M. B azoc h e i s d es i rous of conf i ning him ou p !,ovrnen . t of the mild est measures o f restra i nt, for sel. co the the the reparati on d ue b y t h e M ex i can em i‘urposes of obta;;:biug G. ernment to France, unless fresh attacks upon the persons or property of the King's subjects residing in Mexico should require him to adopt means decidedly severe. Now this per sistance in the system of moderation indicated by the ultima tum, is rendered worthy of praise, after the recent conduct of the Mexican Government, which, in tolerating, (if it did not even provoke by its official writings) the publication of the most odious calumnies respecting our intentions to conquer the country, to dismember its territory, &c. did not hesitate to expose to the fury of the populace, with the sole end of maintaining itself in power, not only our countrymen, but like wise all foreigners established in the territory of the Republic. This conduct is contrary to the laws of honour, of civilisation, and of humanity. You also see, Sir, from the principles adopted by M. Bazoche as the rules of his conduct, that it is our desire to preserve neutrals from all the restrictions and difficulties (entraves) which are not absolutely indispensable for the purpose which we arc endeavouring lawfully to effect. I am also happy to be able to state to you a circumstance which proves our sincerity upon this point, especially so far as relates to Americans. On this very day the commander of the sloop of war Ontario called on us on board the frigate l'Her minie, to speak to us respecting the approaching arrival of the packet Ann Eliza, engaged in commerce, and in carrying let ters from New York. We were obliged to express to him our regret at the necessity under whic we should be of for bidding this vessel from entering Vera Cruz, as we should also do with regard to our own mail packets from Havre. But we have, at the same time, promised that officer at his own re quest, to allow the consignee of the Ann Eliza to communicate with her at sea, to receive her letters, and to give irstruction with regard to her future destination. Accept, Sir, &c. BN. DEFFAUDIS. Latest dates from all parts of the Old World, received at New York, April 9.3, the day of the arrival of the steam ships Bristol, London, Liverpool, Cork, 2, Havre, Paris, Brussells, Berlin, Madrid, Vienna, Trieste, Leghorn, Toulon, Naples, Constantinople, Alexandria, Smyrna, Evening, April 7, 15 days. ... 6, 17 ... ... 6, 17 ... .... 4, 19 ... ... 5, 18 ... ... 5, 19 ... •... ... 3, 20 .. Mgrch 28, 26 ... ... 27, 27 ... ... 27, 27 ... ... 27, 27 ... ... 23, 31 ... ...... ... 21, 33 ... ... 17, 37 ... 6, 48 ... ... 4, 50 ... 1, 53 ... ( From the Morning Courier and New York Inquirer of May 7. ) BLOCKADE OF THE MEXICAN PORTS.-The blockade of the ports of Mexico by a squadron of France, as officially de clared by the officers of that nation, did at the first blush appear to us rather too latitudinaria n in its conditions. In the first place, it wanted the previous notice to neutrals, which England, when her blockading system was in the full tide of operation against France, never failed to give, and the absence of which is attended with positive injury to neutrals. The Ann Eliza, from this port, is a case in point. This vessel's voyage is totally cut up and destroyed by this act of a power with whom we are at amity—an act which those concerned in her equipment could not foresee. In the next place, the blockade is so general, that it is utterly impossible that an efficient one can be kept up, or at least, that an efficient blockade existed at the time one was declared on paper. There are the ports of Mexico in the Gulph of California—it is not pretended, we believe, that there is a French squadron bef , ire them, and yet all the Mexican ports are declared in a state of blockade. On general principles, these objections would certainly ap ply to the declaration of blockade in question; but we have some recollection of a treaty having been made between this Government and France, defining the conditions on which each power should be at liberty to institute blockades. We are not : - ,pte able to put our hand on this treaty, but if its stipulations are compatVe with this act of the French Govern. ment, there is of course, nothing more to be said on the subject, By an extract from a New Orleans paper in another place it will be seen that an American vessel has been turned away from Metamoras by a French brig of war. NEW ORLEANS, APRIL 28. BLoczIDE OF MEXICO BY FRANCE.—The sell( o.ar Sarah Ann, Captain Bontemps, which cleared from this port for Tampico, on the 16th inst. returned yesterday. Her Captain, resorts that he was entirely unable to enter the port of Tam pico, by the French blockading squadron, consisting of thir. teen vessels of war, which precluded any communication what. ever with the port. The Sarah Ann has brought her cargo back again, and the Captain has waited on our Collector to learn what steps it is necessary to take. ATLANTIC STEAM NAVIGATION. —The Great Western takes her departure to-day for Bristol, aid will be followed by the warmest wishes of the whole community for her prosperou s vJyag,e. We perceive by the Liverpool papers that a Compa ny is now forming there with a ca r ital of 500,000/. to build steam-boats to run between Liverpool and New York. The Sirius, it is intended, shall make two more voy a rr cs to New York, when the British Queen, building by the British' and American Steam Navigation, will be ready to take her place. LATER FROM EUROPE.-The Liverpool packet ship United States, Capt. Holdridg,e, arrived yesterday, and brings us papers from London to the 7th ultimo, and Liverpool to the 9th. The dates from the British Metropolis are one day later than those brought by the steamer Great Western. The Harve packet ship Francois I, Captain Pell, arrived yester day with Paris and Havre Papers to the 31st March. The in t .Iligence they contain is not later than that received from France by the steam ship, but having now a regular series of papers published in that country, our information as to event, passing there, is more complete. ( Correspondence of the Courier and Enquirer.) WASHINGTON, May 5, 1838.—Whatever may be the past or present positie.i of Mr. Biddle, be assured that the Presi dent does not "sit in his arm chair, as calm as a summer's morning." One of the strongest marked features in the cha racter of Mr. Van Buren, is that of caution. He never talks iFmsense. He never permits his feelings or his temper to get tlie mastery of his judgment. In the convivial or social cir cle he may speak freely and apparently carelessly, yet he sel dom commits himself by an indiscreet expression. In short, 11..1 is a man of come tact, (but always overrated in this par ticular) much self-command, and uncommon prudence. Not withstanding these characteristics, Mr. Van Buren is so goaded with the state of the times, and the embarrassments which envelope him, that he finds it extremely difficult to re main silent. - I should not, therefore, be surprised if he sent either di rectly, or through the Secretary of the Treasury, a message to Congress, early next week, on the want of money--money —money. I know that he has it in contemplation, but he may be restrained by some of his friends. Such a communi cation would be intended, I presume, as an app; al to the people, cautiously complaining of the minority in Congress; for that naughty minority will not let the majority do as they pleas.;, without exhibiting before the country the deformity of their proposed measures, and the evil consequences that must follow the adoption of them. And then, as soon as this exhi bition is made, a portion of that majority, instantly shrink from the support of them, and leave the managers to devise some new scheme for hoodwinking the people, and reaching their pockets with greater facility. Mr. Van Buren, in conversing with his friends recently, has spoken with more freedom than is his wont. Various ex pedients for raining money have been suggested. Some of them, it is believed, the Secretary of the Treasury would have embraced if left to himself. But the President, with the caution to which I have referred, seems determined, in these troublesome times (as a lawyer would say) not to travel out of the record. In this he is performing his duty; he is right— the law should be his guide. He should present to Congress the true and honest state of public affairs, and where legisla tion is necessary, let them determine the proper time for ac tion, even, to use the language of the President, " if the wheels of Government stop." I have already informed you, that the repeal of the specie order was considered by the Western Banks necessary to their security, in the event of their resuming specie payments.— Ohio and Indiana are deeply interested in this question. The subject has been pressed upon the friends of the Administra tion here with much zeal. My own opinion is, that the Presi dent will adhere to this order, although it is now universally admitted that it was an act of gross usurpation, unequalled by any thing but the ignorance and folly which originated it.— While this is my opinion, it is proper to add, that I have con versed with intelligent men from both these States, who con sider themselves well informed on the subject, and who rely with entire confidence on the order being rescinded by the President, and that soon. Notwithstanding the immense amount of specie that is daily arriving in the United States, and has been for some weeks past, it does not seem to reach the Treasury, in time to meet the wants of this sagacious, prudent, economical Administra tion. Almost every department of the Government is daily running the country in debt. Disbursing officers are raisin g money through brokers, on their own official drafts, payable when the appropriation s are made. In what now app;ars to be a general scramble for the money that is to cosme into the treasury, I greatly doubt whether it is in the power of th e Government to say to whom, or how much, they are in debt. What a deplorable state of things I Would it not be the part of wisdom, if Congress were to insist upon a statement of the probable amount necessary to pay off arrearages, befor e they authorize the raising of any money either on Stocks or Treasury notes ? While the Treasury Note system is a most disgraceful im position upon the community, as a temporary expedient to re lieve a bankrupt Administration, it has been tolerated for a time, and may, possibly, be tolerated a little longer. But it is as alarming suggestion, that these notes, when they come into the Treasury, are ❑ot to be cancelled, but re-issued at the plea sure of the Secretary. I know not how the proposition can be discussed in Congress with moderation. The Treasury, under the direction of the President, through the Secretary, would thus become an enormous paper bank, flooding the country in every direction with irredeemable notes. To talk of checks and restraints upon the department is worse than ridiculous. As well might you /lump!: to bind hand and foot a young Sampson with cobwebs. Everything must depend upon his honour and fidelity, and the honour and fidelity of those he employs. There are banks that deem it insecure ever to re-issue a note, and therefore cancel immediately such as come into their possession. . . As to Mr. Cambreleng's other proposition, to issue a class of notes that should not be receivable in payment of our dues to the Government, it is so much at war with the fundamyntal institutions of the country, and the common honesty notions of our people, that I cannot suppose it would receive fifty votes in the House. I have much to say, but "there is a time to sow and a time to reap." THE SPY IN WASHINGTON. MONEY MARKET, &c.—May 7. A moderate business was transacted at the Stock Exchange on Saturday, in many cases, however, at improved prices. United States Bank sold at 116 ; Phcenix Bank 1001; De laware and Hudson Canal Co. 72 ; and Harlem Railroad Co. 58. No transactions at the l.ioard in Treasury Notes, which continue: at + discount a par. Sales of Sterling Exchange for transmission by the steam ship Great Western, were made to a moderate extent on Sa turday, at 61 a 7 per cent. premiums, as the vessel, how ever - does not leave till two o'clock r. m., this day further transactio -- s will no doubt be effected. On France, Bills ranged at sf. 35 a sf. 3. The Butchers and Drovers' Bank have declared a dividend of eight per cent. for the year ending Ist February last. Also, the Commercial Bank, a dividend of a like amount. The State Bank of Albany, and the Bank of Albany, and the Cayuga Co. Bank, have also divided, the first mentioned 10, and the two latter 8 per cent. for the last year. The acting Trustees of the Phenix Insurance Company of this city, will pay a dollars per share to the Stockholders, at their office, 216 Washit gton-street, on the 21st inst. The Board of the new Bank of Tennesse, met at Nashville on the 28th ultimo, when it was resolved that the Board meet on Tuesday the fifteen of May, for the purpose of locating the Branches of the institution, appointing Directors for each Branch, &c., according to the terms of the charter. 'Firs Banks of Michigan, it will be remembered, must, ac cording to the terms of Suspension Act, which expires on the 16th instant, resume specie payments on that day, or for feit their charters. Their case appears a peculiar one, and we learn that it is probable a special meeting of the Legisla ture will be nailed to take the matter into consideration. The Buffalo Commercial Advertiser contains the following remarks on this subject. The Chartered Banks of Michigan have been managed with as'much ability and honesty as any Banks in the country, they are in as good a condition as the Ohio Banks, but they cannot resume without running the greatest hazard of being fore, (..1 to suspend the second time. The trouble is, thct Michigan has no surplus products—the balance of trade is continually and heavily against her. Ohio, on the contrary, has a large surplus. The bills of her Banks, although in fact they may not be one whit better than those of Michigan, will purchase pork, wheat, flour, &c., which sent to New York or any other Eastern market, will command cash. This fact gives Ohio bills currency, and keeps t h em up nearly to par, while Michigan notes are at a discount of from 12 to 15 per cent. The Ohio Banks could resume without danger, because balances are due to that State from every quarter. The Charleston Mercury of Monday last, states that the In surance Offices of that city, will, it learns from undoubted authority, be able to pay every dollar for which they are liable. We have the Texas Telegraph to the 14th ult., from which we learn that the amount of imports received at Galveston during the last three months, is somewhat over 250,000 dol lars. The amount of duties received at the Custom-house or that place during the quarter closing on the 3lst day of Mang], was 51,000 dollars. Should the commerce continue to in crease thi oughout the current year at the same ratio as the in crease of the last three months, the present issue of promissory notes would be insufficient to meet the revenue demands. except that we think it very unwise on our part ever to have consented to a stipulation which deprived us of the right of previous notice. If they do not, we hope Mr. Forsyth will re monstrance against this breach of the law of blockade a: generally understood. In regal dto the effect on Mexico, of this declaration of France, as the revenue of the Mexican Government is en tirely derived from the custom-houses of Vera Cruz, Tampico, and Matarnoras, and as this is the chief source on e hith it must depend for the payment of the troops, we think there is very little danger in predicting, that it must submit to the conditions imposed on it by France, or that a revolution will take place in the Government, and that the federal form will be substituted for the present, when those who then come into power will have no difficulty in making the submission re_ quit ed. Then, however, the question occurs, if le feu vast 11 chandelle.