The Sun. — London, England, 1826-02-22 00:00:00

TH E LONDON JOURNALS. . .11 DAILY Extracts fr©m the Morning Pripers,Feb. 22, 182 G. rBRITISH, PRESSd Ministers, in their endeaVoura to remove the evils of an excessive paper currency, have wisely provided against the ill consequences that Might arise from a too extensive and sudden reduction of its-by permitting the issue of one and two pound Bank of England notes until the 10th of October next ; by yvhich measure the temporary deficiency that might take place in the circulating medium from the disappearance of country bank notes will be supplied, and supplied by bank•pa per, in which the public have the fullest confi dence, fromits being at anytime convertible into metallic value. The enemies of Government are sadly disappointed by the adoption of this line of policy. They had hoped that Ministers would, by proceeding with undue precipitancy, have involved the commerce of the country in inextri cable difficulties, and; have brought down. upon themselves a great share ,of popular odium. T hey were, fully prepared to descant upon the fright ful train of evils that must inevitably arise from the sudden contraction of the issue of bank paper, and to have denounced it as utterly at ,war with .every sound principle of financial policy. But the caution and prudence of Minis ters, having deprived them of all the grounds of attack upon whichlhey had relied, they have no . resource left but to apply the .same abuse to the' course they have pursued which they had in tended to apply had that course been the directly opposite. It is in this spirit that the Times of yesterday vents its malignity in the following comment :---- 64 We cannot help reverting to the mischiefs and even cruelties likely to ensue from the exclusive issue of, small paper ,by the Bank. Country banks are now calling in their one and two pound notes ; time and use also are wearing them away : nod no fresh stamps are allowed. The small notes of the Bank will begin, therefore, to protrude . themselves into all the provinces as the exclusive medium of barter among the manufacturing classes." As to these mischiefs and cruelties that arc to arise from the *apply of Bank of Englund notes, as they ore not enumerated, we can pronounce no opinion upon there; if the small notes of the Bank should become, as hero asserted, " the exclusive medium of barter among the .manufacturing districts," it can only arise from the entire confidence placed in the stability of_the Bank, which could thus in— duce all the maimfa during classes to receive them as readily,es „cash, and the conviction universally felt that they are at arty time exchangealde into, money. If any doubt were entertained, on this point, it is quite certain that they, could- not be come 44 the exclusive,.medium of the barter," but that,gold , would he demanded in, payment in all the transactions in trade, in, the payment of wages, and in elt the dealings. of every kind both between the manufacturer and themerchaut, and between the merchant and the consumer. No higher corn pijMellt can therefore be paid to the „Bank of England than this , „lamentation over the high credit svhich its notes will everywhere. obtain, and the readiness with which they will be received even in preference to gold, which might at any One 'tdp lied in lb of them. Great credit is due to Ministers for the anxiety which they have manifested to guard against increasing the :diss tress of the Mercantile world by withdrawing too suddenly the means of accommodation ; and they must be .sadly at a loss for a subject of complaint agalast them, who can thuS attempt to distort to their prejudice a measure the must worthy of praise, rrnE PUBLIC Leboca.l ToAhe satisfactory intelligence we 'published yesterday from Russia, we have nothing further to add to-day ; and though there has been an arrival of French and German Papers, they con tain no news we had not announced before.—ln the German Papers there is the usual quantum of gross exaggeration and downright falsehood, under the head Constantinople; and as a sped Mel), we shall mention the account that is given of a tile that had broken out in Galata, one Of the suburbs of that. Capital ; the loss which the Christians who reside there have' sitstained is estimated at, fifty millions of piastres (about 800,000 pounds sterling), and thit'nurnloer of houses destroyed at several thou sands! Now the plain fact is this, that not more than from 9.0 to 30 houses were destroyed, and these, with all they contained, not worth as many thousand piastres as there are millions in the Germati estimate. Our computation is derived from WSJ. or the private letters that reached this country by the last Turkey mail ; and if the Continental Journals cannot treat a matter of this kind without being guilty of the grossest, ex. aggeration, the excessively perverted view they usually give or military and political transactions may be easily imagined. e TIM ES.] t Is now clear that the total measure of a re turn to cash payments has failed it cannot be executed and all that is now proposed is an issue of Bank of England small notes, the issuers of which will not hold themselves responsible for forgeries, in lieu of the country small notes, the forgeries of which were paid by those whose notes were imitated. Mr. Iluskisson—who, for a man of business, made the strange mistake that the larger notes of country bankers were not made payable on demand, and alleged as the reason for his error that be had heard the Member for Staf fordshire (Sir J. Wrottesley) say so—Mr. Ilus. kisson, we say , spoke with great naivete to the fol. l ow i lig pithy purpose :-- 64 That "there appear ed at present a very great disposition' to with draw country small notes from circulation ; but iC they were withdrawn, how was the vacuum to be supplied ?" Lord Liverpool could tell him, that there were at least. 15 millions of gold coin in the country to supply a deficit of not more than livo. But how, we ask, are the country bankers to withdraw their small notes, but by giving sovereigns for thew singly, or , larger notes s4o4Vertibla into sovereigns at the will of the bolder, for au accumulation of them Gold would thus have taken the place of paper; and never so easily as when (we are assured) there i is a great quantity of the former n the country, and much of the latter witted rais'n from circulation. But now paper is to be substituted for paper; and, which is worse, paper of one universal face or ap pearance, and the imitation of which,. though an offence of death, is therefore easy, for paper of various aspects, in various districts, the imitation of which but rarely occurred, and was but little profitable. We really look , upon this subject with despair. We can merely treat with contempt the assurance (and those who are gulled by it) that the Bank is only to issue its small paper till next October. If it stops its issues in October, it will open them again in February, or as soon as Parliament, meets ; or as soon as its small notes in circulation are beginning to wear out. Why, but a week ago, a metallic currency was to be resumed by the bill now in the committee. By that very bill it is to be removed from us for three-quarters of a year. Every step taken in this affair is deception. Our only hope, as in all affairs of moment, is in the people :—that the frequency of the forgeries. which must take place, will render them shy of accepting the Bank small notes. [NEW TIMES.I We last night received the Etoile of Monday, with the journals, of Sunday, by express, from Paris. Several o . f the journals are filled with declarations against the proposed revival of the law of Primogeniture. After existing in France for 1000 years, it was abolished by such sages as Robespierre, Sieges, &c. The consequence has been, that landed property in France has been divided and subdivided to a degree almost incre dible. Every man of common sense, and of the slightest experience in those matters, sees that this must ultimately be destructive of the national resources. It is contrary to the plainest prin ciples of political economy, and it tends di rectly to the degradation of the cultivation of the soil. Nevertheless we find a revo. luntary writer in the Journal des Debats, gravely arguing that the subdivision of landed estates is a source of comfort to the poor, and even improves the health of the people ! This reasoning is attempted to be substantiated by some documents which we elsewhere insert, stating the ratio of mortality in two different classes of departments, and the division of lands in each class. .The documents are curious in themselves, but wholly inconclusive on the point in question. There is doubtless a point at which the division of lands is favour able to health and comfort ; and the revolution ary laws may for a time have tended towards that point ; but it is forgotten that these are laws of perpetual subdivision, and, therefore if it were admitted, that under their operation the lands' of France were beneficially divided now, it would follow, as a necessary consequence, that in three or four generations to come, they would not be divided injuriously. Laws of primogeniture anti entail, may, doubtless, become grivances if car ried to an extreme ; but some such laws are ob. solutely essential to the existence of a constitu tional monarchy. [mourrtNa POST.] The business in Parliament last night was not important. The Committee of Privileges made their Report upon the subject of Members of the Rouse of Commons being summoned to serve on Juries. Their right of exemption was clearly proved ; and we are only surprised how any doubt could have been entertained in this re spect ; as their attendance in Parliament is clear ly a duty paramount to every other consideration. Mr. Martin's motion for leave to bring in a Bill to prohibit bear and badger-baiting, dog-fight ing, &c., was rejected by a majority of 76 to 37. Leave was given to bring in a Bill to amend the present 'Act for preventing cruelty to cattle. I —Mr Denman, after Counsel had been beard in the case of Mr. Kenrick, summed up the evi dence against that Gentleman, and moved some crimi•atory resolutions upon the subject. The motion was very ably opposed by the Attorney- General, in a soundly reasoning and legally argumentative speech ; which made an impres sion upon the House that was decisive of the question, and the resolutions were of course ne gativPd without a division. On the Report of the Committee of Supply on the Navy Estimates hav ing been brought up,M r. Ilume, if possible more unhappy than ever in his flounderings, took that strange opportunity of moving an Amendment, a pledging the House to a concurrence in the re commendations of economy contained in the Eighth Report of the Finance Committee of 1818." The intent of this motion was nothing short of that of stopping the necessary Supplies for the Navy ; and so little expected was so extraordinary a proceeding, that none of the Cabinet Ministers considered their attend ance necessary in the House. Well and truly observed Mr. Berries, on the occasion, that the proposed Amendment was caleu lated to arrest the progress of any Admi nistration, and ho would ask the House whe ther there was any thing upon the Estimates to justify such an attempt. it was said the Estimates were not like those of 1817; but the circumstance of the country had changed every year. Could any man suppose that the Committee of 1817 could see what might be the proper expence of 1828 . ? Was it reasonable to suppose that an in crease in the Estimates rendered necessary by the circumstances of the country was sufficient to justify the st o pp age of supply ? Mr. flume, how ever,,encouraged by the thinness of the House, persisted in his amendment ; on which a division consequently took place, when it was lost by a majority of 43 to 15. [MORNING IHERALD►] Last night, petitions were presented to both louses of Parliament from a Gentleman named Ross, of the City of London, complaining of the state of the la w , an d requiring an amen d ment of the same, regarding, ; the conc o ctora o f, an d agents in Schemes, Hubb ies, &c. lie particularly urged inquiry into the same, lle represented that he had purchased shares, especially in the Mexican Mining Company ; that the Directors had made various apportionments to themselves of shares &c.; and that because he would , not sign a deed, which, amongst other things, contained something very like an. unqualified indemnity of the Directors, do what they might, it was urged that he had forfeited all right to his shares.. Mr. Hobhouse, who presented the petition to the Commons (that to the Lords was• by . Lord King), said that he attributed the dis tresses of the Money Market, &c. mainly to the effects produced by the different Schemes that. had been afloat ; and .he thought, when it was recollected that 14,000,0001. had been, as it were, lost, by such means, that few would differ from him in opinion, such amount drawn from the customary channels, necessarily created a chasm in the circulating medium ; and as to the " Shares," they could only be viewed as so many pieces of bad currency. That panics and ruin should have resulted ought not to surprise ; nor ought they to wonder that difficulties and dismay still continued. [MORNING CHRONIC[.E.] Mr. Kenrick having now re-instated himself in the good opinion of Parliament and the people of this country, will• be enabled to apply his indivi dual attention to the discharge of his functions as a Magistrate of. Surrey and \Velsh Judge. Our object in first noticing the subject, was chiefly to shew the oppression to which the poor man might be subjected with impunity in this country, even under the best Magistrates and Judges. We would not have any Magistrate discouraged on ac count of the proceedings in this case, for Franks, notwithstanding his miraculous escape at Guild ford, would still have been forced to part with his cottage to the parish, as a preliminary to his ob. Wiling employment under the beautiful system of paying wages out of , poor-rates, had be not found means to emigrate to a distant part of the kingdom. He succeeded in saving his cottage by fleeing from it. But the heads and the hearts for which Bull's tongues exhibited on plates are dished up, are beyond the reach of considerations fur the condition of the peasantry. Mr. Hobhouse intimated last night, on pre senting a Petition against the Mexican Mining Company, that he had it in contemplation to move for an Inquiry into the conduct,of the different Joint Stock Companies. He observed, that " he was informed, and he believed it to be true, one of the chief reasons of the panic and want of confidence was the conduct of the London Merchants of established character, who lent their names to these projects; for the people having found out what was going on did not know to whom they could trust." If all were known with respect to these Companies, it would not fidd to the confidence, however little, at present reposed in persons engaged in business in the city of London. The stream of justice has, in some instances, been shamefully polluted, through the sitting on juries of persons lengued with the parties in the suits, in some of these plundering companies. We shall lay some par:. ticulars on this subject before our readers one of' these days.—(ibith) WEST INDIA DOCKS. STOCK ACCOUNT for the Week ending Saturday ,th e 1 • ' of February, 1326. Hiuls West India trrs Ills Sugar -1 Brazil - Chests Havanah Boxes East India & Bags Mauritius Casks Pns lids f Pns ( Hds f Pns Hds Casks j Pipes 11Ids Tra Bags Casks r 8 asks I f a a _____ C 1 Bails Ginger . . s Bags Pepper Casio Bags Cotton - Ba l es Ba Aloes - - Gour gs ds • Arrow Root - f Casks I Boxes Molasses - Rum - Brandy Hollands - A rrack Wine Coffee' Cocoa Pimento j Balsam . Boxes Jars Casks Bdls Serous Bags C a a el s r s k ia Fistula - Casks Cloves - • J Casks Bags Cochineal . 1 3 gs { S Jerons No. . . { Casks Delivered. Home Con sumption. 646 8,066 3,066 674 30 540 10,081 6,405 14,564 1,570 5,116 4,369 474 1132 i 7,750 i !asks 12, Carrels l ags 2, ags Asks larrels lugs 72,: COURSE OF EXCILINGE, Fcb.si. - 09 - 16•1 A 41 7,010 6,336 11,618 63,292 A nistei dattl ,?• * ! .... It 13 1 4 . F. Ditto, at Sight Rotterdam' li 14 Antwerp l2 14 . Haniburgh 37 10 44 Us. Altone ' Paris,3 Day's sight 9` 70 '0 Us. Ditto Bentrdeatix, ditto Berlin 7 0 Frankfort on the Main Peteisburgh 9 0 Vienna lO 95 Trieste lO 25 Madrid . 364 Effective Cadiz Bilhoz. ' Barcelona . Seville Gibraltar .. .. 3l Leghorn Genoa ....43}-----Venice, Ital. Liv. 26 Malta Palermo .., llB per O. Lisbon Oporto Riodatteiro Bahia 4B . . Buenos Ayres 4 Dublin .... .1 4 C irk l4 per Cent. [TILE REPRESENTATIVE.? The President of the Board of Coatroul has niven notice of a motion for leave to bring in a a Bill to regulate Juries in India. The object of the bill, we conclude, is to extend the pri vilege of serving on Juries in India to all, or some classes of, our native subjects that have been hitherto excluded. We also suppose that the measure will apply only tosthe townships of Calcutta, -Madras, and Bombay, where the ad. ministration of the law is vested in the chartered courts of justice. An opinion has got abroad that the privilege will be extended,• at least in the first instance, to the half.easte popula. tion only, as professing the Christian religion, and therefore acting under the binding sanction of an oath. Difficulties would, unquestionably exist to the employment of Hindoos of the highest caste on trials involving capital punishment ; but these cases should, perhaps, be viewed as particular ex ceptions, rather than grounds of general exclusion. Those best acquainted with the comparative moral merits of the half-caste and Mahornedan, or II indoo classes of our native subjects, will hesitate to admit any superiority on the part of the half-caste. The essential qualifications for Jurymen would appear to be, a sense of the religious obligations of an oath, and a sufficient knowledge of the language i n which the law is administered ; in both these qualifications Hindoos in Bengal and Madras, and Parsecs in Bombay, have been known fully equal to the descendants of Europeans ; and we shall be glad to find that the measure in contemplation will, at least, have a prospective extension. The employ. ment of the natives on Juries has been intro. duced with advantage into the Island of Ceylon. The Consequences have been a more speedy and satisfactory administration of the law, together with a decided improvement in the moral cha racter of the population. This latter consequence has arisen from the judicious exclusion of all per. sons rendered infamous, by legal conviction of certain offences, from enjoying the privilege and distinction of serving o 5 juries. The honour of citizenship, by the measure as adopted in Ceylon, has been brought home to the feelings of the natives, and exclusion or disqualification has been consi dered as a civil degradation. All measures that have for their object the elevation of our native subjects in their own estimation, by uniting them with Europeans in the great circumstances of Government, while they tend to give perma. nence to the British r u l e in India,are recommended by the higher considerations of moral obliga. Lion and enlightened benevolence. To allow to any class not of pure European blood a partici pation in the administration of justice, by ex tending the Privil ege o f serving on juries, is an auspicious commencement, and will be zealously supported by all who think soundly and liberally on subjects of Indian policy. We are sorry to hear that poor Lte SUGG, the father of modern Ventriloquists, is la• bouring, in the decline of life ) under severe privations. Articles. Elephants' Teeth Gum _ Hemp - • Tons Hides - - Horns - No. Indigo - . Serons Ipecaeuanlia { Casks Julap Bales Whale . Galls Oil Castor . Casks Coco Nut Casks Palm . Casks Pearl Shell . 1. Si f Casks _ lerons Pine Apple - Casks Rice and Paddy Casks Bags { Sago • - Boxes Sarsaparilla - Bales Tallow . - Casks Tortoise Shell { Casks Boxes Turtle . . Casks Tapioca - - Casks 2,184 132 29 Stock on Hand. 28,489 1,956 592 1,808 5,347 9,780 983 16,762 1,249 195 1,322 990 13,357 1,242 75,643 1,359 4,993 3,283 • 728 4,830 239 432 19,102 888 488 813 143 WOOD. Logs Mahogany IPi eces Plks & Bds - C it e f t r l i a c r a n T r li p l l sac e : k Santa ff iee g S es Ebony Tons Lig. Vital . Tons Box 'Wood Tons Log Wood Tons Fustie - Tons Nicaragua Wood , Tons s Cam. Wood Tony Bar Tons Saunders ißlraarzlilirotot °(1 Wood Pieces Lancewood Spars No. Staves - No. • British Plantation Coffee East India Coffee T. i. ya r n o n n a i , nl o o ire i e 3razil,.and Ha- Exporta. tion. 1091 BULLION• Portugal Gold, i n Coin .... . / .0 0 0 per Os. Foreign Gold, in Bars 3 17 6 New Doubloons New Dollars , 0 4 1 I Silver Standard in Bars... , . 0 5 1 DEATH OF LINDLEY MURRAY, THE GRAM is with feelings of deep regret that we annonnco the death of the highly respected LINDLEY MURRAY, the author of an English Grammar, and of many other approved works on Education. His last illness was of short duration, scarcely exceeding two days; but his whole life may be said to have been a constant preparation for his final change, so that death could scarcely at any time have come upon him unawares. He expired on Thursday morning, at his house, at lloldgate, near this city, in the eighty.iirst year of his age, and in the full possession of all his mental faculties.—(York Herald.) MR. LAMBTON, M. P.—The sporting world will be sorry to hear that, owing to extreme ill health, which obliges him to seek its renovation its the South of. France, the above highly es teemed Gentleman has determined on retiring from the turf, of which he has been so liberal and effectual a supporter. THE POLICE. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Slit—ln your paper of Monday last there was a sensible article on the Burglaries, Robberies, and Depredations in the environs of the Metro. polisond on the inefficency of our Police Establish ment. The consequences you treated with a masterly hand, but the causes you left in a state of uncertenty. That our Police Establishment is inefficiently directed cannot be controverted- - for the present Premier appears to think it io susceptible of improvement, or quietly leav ing it precisely as he found it on his coming into the extensive powers he now exercises. -7 There are certainly many able and , upright Ma gistrates, and many very active and intelligent officers, attached to our Police Establishment; nevertheless, there is a palpable want of a system, which may vary in its operations as the exigencies of particular occurrences shall occur. We must all be sensible that Magistrates are not selected - only for talent and capacity for the office. -Other motives weigh in every such ap pointment ; pliancy and prompt submission to the ruling powers, &c. are essential qualifications, and it thus not unfrequently happens that igno- , ranee and incapacity fill the seat that demands talent, sagacity, and energetic activity. It may be taken as a truism, that in all ill managed es tablshments, the most efficient servants are not in the number of those who are best paid. Ex ceptions there may be, but I fully agree with your remarks on the inadequacy of payment to our police ; were thesums ignorantly squandered upea pot-house orators, and time-serving incendiaries, appropriated to the reward of merit, our streets would be soon thined of the gangs which fear lessly, anti even in open day, infest them; re wards could be distributed by a Magistrate of ordinary sagacity, possessing due knowledge of the world, subject to the approval of the quarter ly Grand Juries. Were that fair and liberal en" couragement given to our Agents, of Police, which render them independent of every consideration but their duty to the public, their exel tie" would be called forth, that would not fail break ing up the organized gangs of coach plunde rers, street robbers, and nefarious gangs, so long the terror of this metropolis. Thus will agents, with the whole tribe of receivers and liege' ciators, be dragged forth to public and even, if escaping punishment, %rout(' be come harmless by their notoriety ; wha t i d is more curious than for the pick p o cket to h old up' in de r isi o n the h an dk erc hi e f of which h e has plundered y ou; b u t th en s t o l e n proper t y can be produced on cert a i n t erms , f r om a wat c4 to a diamond necklace. A s am pl e o f this nera r r ous system came within my own knowledg e in the year 18'24 : a Mr. Marks having lost a vale s• ble gold watch and seals, applied by my advic e to an active officer, who interest e d himself a c "' Lively, ascertained that ti deposit o f fift e en 9 0 °` reigns to on e o f th e m iscreants wou ld p r ocure a middleman, and restitution. The d e p o sit wa g made, and in a ve r y f e w d a y s , th e officer handed me a paper parcel, i n w hi c h t h e watch ,, and seals were safely depOsited. Mr. A- 131. ,' 5 made the officer a liberal present, w hich he well" e i served. Another officer of great experience t old get me a h e s h k i i e n w g above hones t l y so fo o r o t h t e h i l e a y s v w e h o notice,t ' , li years, i t ' h e,w on ith oneoutof some them. speci hands in one of the most populous, and, as w most possible civilized remedy y c cities Id _ e are to re o d Officers be sent to Paris, to take lessons from French Police, than persevere in a system f „ r lice so bad and inefficient, that neither ners ° " ° i property are at present secure from °ar a b" depredation in Loudon. PEACH, our Magistra tes " 1 ., tiinlertilleetworld. the._,. P.S.—Since the commencement of thi s mi) i i . lti n ' ; there has been 6,0001. worth of silver stolen contail i the Stroud water coach. Three bags 300 sovereigns each, from a Hertfordshire oolte Ferrl e ; A parcel containing 1,000 bank-notes near bridge, and 1,700 sovereigns from no F ixet coach, with many others of less note. The tragedy of " Babingion," already n n the to the literary world, has been brought u po.. - i stage with complete success, by Mr.Nicoorisos, Manager of the Theatre Royal, Newcastle-upoll Tyne. Our Correspondent says, that some ° the scenes of this play, in the hands of a MAC READY, a KEMRLE, or a KEAN, would proball3, rank amongst the most striking of modern g'li• 1 bition. It is written in the style of the Flioa• bethan age, and, like Fazio, abounds with Po: sages of a highly poetical cast, at the same dr that the diction is perhaps more forcible and troll . dramatic. Should Dabington also, like Faztq find its Iva, into the Green Room of e ither; our great fheatres, we have little , doubt Of I being brought forward) and with similar succ ess• know. Yesterday, the bay of Mr. Ley, 7 BIRTHS. tabic of the House of Commons, of two sons. , A w sof Lie" On the 17th inst., in Upper narleY-street, the taw tenant-Colonel Buller Elphinstone, of a daughter. the First Clerk at the .MARRIED. :lager At Cheltenham, on the 16th inst., Christopher Ail $ Esq., of Babrath, Nicholson, Ann daujlhter of the late George Lenox Conynglop , P s q" Spring-hill, Derry. county of Meath, to o 0 DIED. • John On Friday, at his seat, lielham-hall, Nottinghamsittri,e! sot- Manners Sutton, Esq., in the 74th year of his age. •"'`,cart• t e t sy m : ? re l . : w ay : a ; ft: , hiu t i e h a s nri e n dn d a Commons. , gll Yea r ' dmore, lelyd,co:earer:atbrgotEuhaetreiirt,sloyluhnuircist.pEie:th...„seip,. neA:rhcfboiistlllistbort liiitsisee.. George Baldwin, Die • f ' Ma'esty ' S O lin.- . .., many years his 3 nerd in. l' .. ypr. e't On Saturday, at Allington-house, Lincolnshire, in 6.1.- l a te `Lady e y, r elict At Wi ife t n h i e Kir D eeni o bt w y, at,ognizart Bart., .: ,103ftinllielinnstltobn:aht Denton-h ail very of a : co age, Sarah, relict of the late Thomas Jukes,: Esq. ho use On Saturday morning last, Mrs. E. Ircmonger, in at 11e * Upper Grosvenor-street. ' ' ____........•°-..... an Printed d Published for the PILOPRIETOII B, up n e . OFFICE, No. 112, Strand, by J. B. CAKSTAIP`'