The Sun. — London, England, 1864-10-22 00:00:00

Canada and the Canadians. persons. The people who share the sentiments of the United Empire Loyalists, whatever their num ber may be, are the intellectual aristocracy among this million, and give the tune to society and opi nion. They are the leaven that has helped to leaven the whole lump, to maintain that lo -e or " home," as they always call Great Britain, which so distin guishes the Canadian from the American, and to convert by their example the lip-loyalty of less earnest thinkers into a heart loyalty that only re quires the imminency of danger to prove itself to the world a passion as well as a sentiment. This power ful body has not the theological or ethnological rea sons for disliking the Americans and repudiating their copartnership which animate the French Cana dians, but has motives of its own which are equally powerful to sustain and strengthen its British alle giance, and make it grateful to that beneficent Go veonment, under the auspices of which Canada en joys a greater amount of rational and well secured liberty than has fallen to the lot of any other people, the mother country not excepted, and with far less to pay for the inestimable blessing than any nation under the sun. (From the Times' Correspondent.) QUEBEC, Oa. 2. The inveterate jealousy of England entertained in the Northern States of America, the progress and probable results of the Civil War, together with the insolent threats of leading American statesmen and journalists that the conquest or annexation of Canada will sooner or later be attempted, in re• taliation for real or supposed injuries on the part of Great Britain, or simply as a counterpoise for the loss of the Sonihern States, have naturally excited the attention, if not the alarm, of the Canadians. It is not the first tithe that they have asked themselves the question whether they were earnestly loyal to the British Crown, or whether, all things considered, it would not be to their ad vantage either to declare their independence or to seek peaceable incorporation with the great Repub lic upon their border; but it is the first time that they have answered it with emphatic unanimity, and that all classes have come to the conclusion that their liberty, prosperity, and happiness will be best secured by the continuance of their connection with Great Britain ; that if this connection should un fortunately be severed their duty would be to esta blish their independence in union, if possible, with Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward's Island, and Newfoundland; and that under no cire cumstances short of absolute subjugation they would consent to incorporation with the Federal Republic. Daring a journey of upwards of twelve hundred miles through the towns and cities of Upper and Lower Canada I have made it my busi ness to converse on this subject with all descrip tions of people. I have interchanged ideas with farmers and mechanics, with clerks and shopkeep ers, with hack drivers and boatmen, with merchants, lawyers, and physicians ; with members of the Le. gislature of every political party; with actual or former members of the Government; with French Canadians and with Canadians of AngloeSaxon or Irish descent, and with new corners of all classes. In all this intercourse I did not meet with cue per. son, however prejudiced or ignorant he might be on other matters, who did not estimate the British con. nexion at its fall value, and express repugnance at the idea of annexation to the Federal States. There was a time not very remote when a different feeling prevailed in Upper Canada; but the teach. ings of the American Civil War have wrought a change, and produced throughout that province an attachment to the old flag which may be equalled but cannot be excelled in England or Scotland. In the Lower Province the loyalty to Great Britain is not so fervent; but if the French fall short of the Anglo-Canadians in this respect they entertain towards the Yankees—or as they sometimes call them, the Bostonais—a far greater aversion than is felt or expressed by any portion of the English speaking population. If they love England little, they hate Federal America much, and are fully aware of, and resolved to preserve, the benefits of British protection. The people of the mother country will be better enabled to understand the genuineness of the loyalty of these noble provinces, and how the diverse interests of the several races who inhabit them all converge into this one sentiment, if they will call to mind the leading incidents of Canadian history, and separate into its constituent parts the actual body of the population. For this purpose it will not be so satisfactory to divide the Canadians into persons of French, English, Scottish, Irish, and German descent, as into the three great social and political sections—first, of French Canadians ; second; of united empire loyalists and British Cana dians ; and third, of recent immigrants and their descendants. Every Canadian falls under one or other of these divisions, and if it should appear that for solid reasons of their own, independently of those entertained by others, each of these elemen tary parts of Canadian nationality clings to the British Crown as the surest guarantee of its liberty and advancement, it may be accepted as a fact that Canadian loyalty is not a thing of light account, and that Federal America would enter upon a very dangerous career if it attacked such a people, sup. ported as they would be, in case of emergency, by the purse and strength of the British Empire. The total population of Canada by the last census amonnted to 2,596,755 souls—nearly as many as the gallant race who,under the leadership of Wash ington, established the independence of the thirteen colonies. Of these 883,945, or slightly upwards of one-third, are of French descent. They represent the oldest settlers in the country, speak the French language, are of the Roman Catholic faith, and are governed by their own laws, which are not those of the " Code Napoleon," but those which existed in France prior to the Revolution. The French Cana dians are in effect Frenchmen of the ancien regime, over whose heads the storm of the great Revolution did not burst, and who, with the exception that they have no great feudal chiefs and barons among them, like their European ancestors, maintain in the New World a state of scciety very similar :o that which existed in the 0:d in the days of Louis XIV. They are docile, frugal, and affectionate, ardently attached to their laws, religion, and lan guage, and very much, if not entirely, under the political control of the clergy. Were it possible to constitute themselves into a separate province or colony, under the protectorate of France, they would no doubt be highly satisfied. At one time they had such an aspiration, but it has passed away. It re ceives no encouragement from the clergy, who know it to be an idle dream that never can be realised. The clergy know, moreover, that they have a well endowed Church, that they enjoy the utmost liberty of worship, that the laws which the people inhe rited from their ancestors are guaranteed by the British Crown, and that as long as they retain a connection of which all the advantages are on one side, and that their own, no power in the world can do the French Canadians an injury. Oa the other hand, the clergy look with fear as well as dislike upon the Americans. They are not at heart Repub licans (neither Frenchmen nor Roman Catholic priests of any nationality incline naturally to that form of Government), and habitually warn their youth from the pulpit against " the demoralising influence and infidel tendencies of the neighbouring Republic" (l'influence demoralisatrice de la Repub lique voisine et sex tendances infiJeles). They svould have nothing to hope, bat everything to fear, from the conquest of the country by the Americans; and though their loyalty to the Imperial Government does not at present take any active form or assume any warm expression, the least aggression upon Canada on the part of the Federal Government would convert 'every priest in Lower Canada, from the Archbishops down to the humblest cure de paroisse into a zealous and effective recruiting officer for the defence of the soil and the honour of the British flag. If in such a war of aggression on the part of the American Union, or what is likely to remain of it, Great Britain and Franco should happen to be allies, it would not require the exhortations of the clergy to convert every French Canadian capable of bear ing arms into a soldier, and to fan the present small flame of military ardour into a conflagration that would trouble the Americans to extinguish, were they twice as obdurate as they have shown them selves in their war against the South. The "United Empire Loyalists," or "U. E. Loyalists," as they were often called, were Vir ginians, Pennsylvanians, Carolinians, Georgians, New Englanders, New Yorkers, and others, who at the outbreak of the American Revolution considered, through good and evil repute, that it was the sacre d duty of the colonists to maintain their connexion with the mother country, and who were conscientiously of opinio n that General Washington was a traitor and a rebel. They affirmed that all who aided and abetted him were guilty of his crimes, and when rebellion triumphed they forsook their homes,th!ir property, an a nd their native land, d took refuge in Canada in poverty and misery, rather than be false to their al legiance or lend even so little as their silent acquies cence to a Government whose principles they con demned, and whose practice they did not deem to be less injurious and treasonable because it was success ful. The descendants of these people form the bulk of the native born Canadian s of the An g le-Sa xon How many of them remain true to the traditions of their ancestors it is impossible to ascertain. The last census estimates the total number of English speak. ing Canadians born in the two provinces at 1,037,170 The third constituent of the Canadian population is the recent, or comparatively recent, immigration of Englishmen, Scotchmen, Irishmen, or Germans, of whom the Scotch form the large majority, and the Germans an insignificant minority. Their num , bars by the last census were 585,640 persons. As these people in leaving their homes had, like Adam and Eve in " Paradise Lost," " the world before them where to choose their place of rest," and might, had they been so disposed, have settled in the Federal States, which offered many superior advantages of soil and climate, it is to be presumed that in making choice of a poorer country they had reasons for the preference, of which a love of the land of their birth and their early associations, admiration of its institutions, and a determination never to renounce their allegiance may not have been the least power ful. This class is with slight exception loyal. Even the Irish cease in any considerable numbers to be disaffected towards the Sassenach, and chime in with the sentiment prevalent around them as soon as they have been a year or two in Canada. Possibly it is the entente cordiale which subsists between the Irish Roman Catholic and the French• Canadian hierarchy which imbues the Canudianslrishman with a loyalty to English rule that he never felt in his own country. Bat, what ever be the reason of the anomaly, the fact exists. There is not even a semblance of a Fenian Brothers hood on the northern shores of the St. Lawrence, nor any feeling on the part of the Irish which, in the event of a war between Great Britain and the United States, would lead as many as 100 Irishmen to lend their right arms to the Americans rather than to the Candian side of the quarrel. The most popular and influential Irishman in Canada, the Hon. T. D'Arcy Macgee, is a member of the pre. sent Administration, and a devoted loyalist; In an earlier day he was in favour of severing the con• nexion between Great Britain and Ireland. Later in life he tried what American institutions were worth, and not appreciating them very highly be took himself to Canada, where he found the liberty he sought—liberty without license or mob law, and resting on the solid basis of Imperial supremacy. It was no sentimentalism that converted such a man from his first opinions, and that makes him as firm a friend to the British connexion as the most self sacrificing " U. E. Loyalist" that ever fled from the land of Washington to preserve the allegiance of England. Park. Most probably, if the great American civil war had not broken forth, the small Canadian party that once believed annexation to the United States to be desirable on social, political, and commercial grounds, might by this time have become large, if not paramount. But the war has cured it of its admiration for institutions that failed on the first severe test applied to them. An immense debt— a fearful and, apparently, never ending slaughter, and an illogical attempt to coerce a brave people that have as much right to establish an indepen dent government, if they can, as George Wash ington and the men of his day had to sever their connexion with England, have opened their eyes to many vices of an ultra-democracy, which in calmer terms they refused either to see or to ac• knowledge. There are two, perhaps three, news papers in Canada that take the side of the North in its present struggle. There is not one, even of the humblest and obscurest kind, that favours the idea of annexation to the States, or that expresses any feeling towards the British Government but one of regret that neither Government nor people seem to be thoroughly aware how magnificent a colony Ca nada is, and may yet become under Imperial pro- tection. The loyalty of the Canadians being conceded, the British Government and people have a right to ask how it is that in this time of peril on the American continent, when the Federal States swarm with sole diers that are to be counted by the hundred thou sand, and when there is at least a possibility that Groat Britain may be dragged into a quarrel with tho Federal Government, the Canadians have done so little towards their own defence, and why they have not at this moment, including volunteers and militia, an available force of 80,000 or 100,000 men ? The little State of Maine, their nest door neighbour, has furnished upwards of 40,000 soldiers to the armies of Mr Lincoln ; and Canada, with a popula tion five times that of Maine , and wit h a militia force amounting on paper to upwards of 400,000 able• bodied men, finds it difficult to raise 20,000 volune tears, and takes no effectual steps to call out even a tithe of its militia, or to make that body a reality instead of a sham. What are the reasons of this apathy? Ia it that Canada has been so long accuse tomed to rely upon the military and naval strength of Great Britain that she has not acquired the art of walking without crutches ? Does she imagine that it is always to be her happy lot to be supported by the power of the greatest nat!on in the world, with out taking any share of the burden of self-defence either in men or in money ? An indignant denial is always given by the Canadians to these questions. They assert that in the hour of danger they have never been found wanting in their duty or slack in their exertions; that in the year of 1812 they did noble service against the Yankees ; that in the affair of the Trent they felt so keenly the insult to the British flag that they would have accepted all the consequences of a war with America for the vin dication of British honour, and would have raised a quarter of a million of men, or double the number if necessary, to repel any invasion that in such a war the Americans would have hurled either against the upper or the Lower Province. They also insist that if war against Great Britain were to rise out of the present struggle between North and South, there would be a lteee en masse of the whole popu lation to act in concert with any British force that might be sent to direct the defences of the colony. These assertions are doubtless true. No one can be many days among the Canadians without feeling that they are a bravo people, with as much fight in them as the Americans, either of the North or the South, and that in the hour of conflict they would do their whole duty to their old and their new country without flinching, and without the induce ment of bribe or bounty money, or any other than pure love of the cause, But the mistake which the Canadians have made, and in which they still ap pear to be nursing themselves, is that war is im probable, and that the Americans are likely to have too much work on their hands in cutting each other's throats during the next dozen or 20 years to have either men or time to spare for the wicked in vasion of a colony that has done no injury, and that sincerely desires to be at peace with them and with all mankind. They do not take into account that the Americans are not a reasonable people towards Great Britain, that they believe the " old country" to be effete and decrepit, and so rapidly tottering to its fall as to need only a blow from America to leave the throne of the world vacant, without any competitor but the United States to step into the sovereignty of civilisation and dictate the policy of Christendom. " Why," they argue, " should we raise and maintain a large force to guard against an imaginary danger ? We are a sparsely dis tributed and a poor people. We have an int. mense line of frontier, which it would be im possible for us to garrison at all points, so as ( to defeat a bold and audacious enemy if he sud denly attacked us. Besides, the raising of such a inspee`orie was drunk; he said the deceased could not have been drunk, for he had not had anything to drink. Gee has at times IA stupefying effect. The witness was once suddenly deprived of consciousness by it while at work in the Kingsland-road. He rushed out into the garden and fell, and it was some time before he was brought round, It force, if we were able to afford the cost either in men and money, would be a standing menace to a quar relsome neighbour, and challenge the aggression we would rather avoid. Moreover, the very example of the Americans show us what we could do if our blood were up. They had but a small army when the civil war commenced. Now they have a very large one. We also, under the pressure of danger, and stirred by feelings of patriotism, would sing the tocsin and carry the fiery cross through our towns and villages if the Yankees attacked us, and in a few weeks get together an army of volunteers sufficient to cope with an amount of invaders that could be driven against ur. Nor would Great Britain abandon us in any such contest. Our security is the security of England. We are, to all intents and purposes, one people with the people at home, and if the Imperial Government were in such an emer• gency to forsake us, the sun of British glory would set for ever, and England would descend by her own act into the rank of a third.rate Power, invit ing by pusillanimity the aggression which she would have shown herself unable or unwilling to repel." It is in this manner that Canadians, both of the Upper and Lower Provinces, are accustomed to speak, though it must be admitted that a change has lately come over the minds of their leading politi cians, and that a feeling of misgiving has been en gendered among all classes as to the worldly wisdom of such views. They are venerable and not to be dis puted axioms, which declare that Heaven helps those who help themselves, and that the best way to pre. serve peace is to be strong enough to compel your enemy to keep it, and the events of the last four years on the American side of the St. Lawrence are fast teaching the Canadians the impolicy of remain ing quiescent and apathetic while the shock of war resounds so close upon their borders, and while an unscrupulous and greeey people openly assert that, sooner or later, they will extend their frontiers to the North rule, and expel every vestige of a Euro pean Government from the American continent. What tha Canadians have done, and _propose to do under the impulse of this growing sentiment, and how far they are ready to yield to the not unnatural demand of the British Government that they should show their faith by their works, and their loyalty of spirit by their chivalry of action, must bo reserved 'or a future communication. made him quite foolish and stupid. Inspector Green proved that the police cell viewed by the jury was in the same state as when the deceased occupied it. Mr Jones, medical officer of St. George's Hospital, re called, said he had seen the police cell in question. It was in a better state than he expected to find it. He would say that it was possible that the deceased might have received the injuries in the cell, but it was not probable. He had examined the deceased when he was brought into the hospital on the Friday night, and saw no bruises. There was ample light, and at a subsequent period the gas was alight. He was still of opinion that there was no lesion of the brain when deceased was brought in. The eyes were sensitive to light. The skull might have received the frac ture from the fall mentioned, but the rupture of the sinus was an enormous one, and that could not have taken place or the blood have issued from it at that time. He did live afterwards for five days with the rupture, but he was then wholly unconscious. Hs had heard Cazely's statement as to the effects of gas, but in that case and in others known to witness insensibility took place at the instant. The deceased remained conscious for a long time. By Mr Draper—The witness treated deceased for intoxi cation, but did not use the stomach pump. He could not say whether the fall was or was not the cause of death. Mr St. Aubyn Hawken, house surgeon to the Westmin ster Hospital, said that the fall spoken of was one that might have produced a fracture of the skull, but he was led to sup pose that it did not on account of the peculiar spot from which the deceased's fracture commenced. It began midway between the occipital protuberance and the ear, that was to say in a hollow ; if the fall on the back of the head had done the mischief, the fracture would have been produced else where. No blow struck on any ether part of the head would produce a fracture in the spot mentioned. There were 14 distinct and separate bruises on the head externally —three on the forehead, seven on the top of the head, and four at the back of the head, one of the latter being behind the left ear. All had been inflicted within a few hours of the time of witness's first seeing him. lie could not tell the exact number. of holing, hut the bruises wore just getting dark in colour. The blow behind the ear had produced the fracture of the skull and the rupture of the sinus; but the clot of blood could not have formed on the brain when Mr Jones saw the deceased, or he must have noticed the symptoms. Consequently, witness was led to believe that the rupture of the sinus was only completed after reaction had set in. The deceased had experienced reaction before leaving St. George's, for he partly roused himself up, and witness believed that if the fissure of the skull then existed the blood would instantly have flowed from the rupture, which was not the case. It was utterly impossible that the deceased could have inflicted the injuries on himself in the police-station. Falling down the flight of steps into the park could not have produced the injuries on the deceased. Mr Freeman, house-surgeon at St George's Hospital, said that he examined the deceased when he was brought in from the Green Park, and there were no bruises or grazing on his head. He agreed entirely with Mr Hawkin as to the time at which the rupture of the sinus must have occurred. Mr Matthews, recalled, said that in the park he noticed a bruise and also a graze on deceased's forehead and head. Mr Freeman said that he would state positively that there were none that he could find. If there were as many as stated by Mr Hawken he must have seen them, His im pression was that deceased was suffering from the effects of intoxication. The Coroner said that the ease was far from being cleared up. The medical evidence especially had rendered it im possible to arrive at any conclusion, and he should there 'ore adjourn for further evidence. The court was accordingly adjourned. Death from Alleged Violence in the Green Yesterday afternoon Mr Langham, the deputy coroner for Westminster, resumed the inquiry at the Westminster Hospital regarding the death from violence of Geo. King, a gas inspector, in the employ of the Chartered Gas Com pany. Mr E. Draper, solicitor, attended to watch the case for the family of the deceased. It will be recollected that this case was adjourned by the Coroner in order to see whether tho publication of the facts, so for as ascertained, might not lead to the discovery of ad ditional evidence. On the afternoon of the 30th of Sept., the deceased man parted in Piccadilly _from a man in the same employ, named William Cazely, to go home across the Green-park. It was then 4 o'clock. He was then sober, but complained that he was `• queer" from the effect of blowing down gas pipes. At 20 minutes to 5 o'clock he was found by a police-officer named MeFarlane lying on the grass in the park. He rose, as the officer approached, but fell heavily, and appeared to be at the point of death. He was therefore carried to St, George's Hospital, where the surgeons considered to be insensible from drink, and upon his recovering a little he was taken away to the police station and was locked up, as he:could not give his address. The next morning he was bailed out and taken by his friends—one of whom ,remarked—" There has been foul play here"—to Westminster Hospital, where he was stripped and examined. Dreadful bruises, apparently from kicks and blows, were found on his head, face, hands, arms, abdomen, back, and chest, while the skin had been knocked or kicked from his legs in some places. His skull was dreadfully frac tured, and a sinus was ruptured. He died on the following Wednesday. The inexplicable part of the case, however, was that the surgeons of St. George's Hospital stated that they saw no injuries on the deceased's head or hands (they did not examine his body) when he was brought in by the police. A witness named Holland, however, said that he noticed a bruise on the head, and it was stated that it was very dark in the hospital. The surgeons of that hospi tal suggested that the injuries might have been self-in flicted, by falls over furniture, &c., at the police station. This the police denied, and it indeed hardly seemed possible, but the inspectors went further, and said that the deceased appeared to have no injuries when he was bailed out on the Saturday morning. Mrs King's evidence disposed of this suggestion, for she proved that she said to the police at the moment, " You have murdered my husband while he was in your hands." The Coroner, upon taking his seat, said that he proposed the jury should visit the police station in King-street, Par liament-street, in a cell of which the deceased was confined. The jury accordingly proceeded to inspect the cell in ques tion. It was.a small room 10ft long by 6ft wide. A fixed bench 2ft in width ran round two aides of it in such a man ner as to render the space of the floor available for walking or falling violently upon very small indeed. All the edges of the bench were planed off, and there was hardly an angle in the cell upon which a person could fall so as to hurt him self. The floor was asphalted and covered thickly with saw dust. It was remarked by a juror that if a man desired to commit suicide by dashing himself about in such a cell he could not possibly do so. Mr John Matthews, woollendraper, said that on the 30th of September he was going across the Green-park, between 4 and 5 o'clock in the afternoon, when, just past the gate, near Stafford-house, he saw a man on the gravel path en deavouring to rise, He did not observe at the moment whether any one was near, but a crowd gathered immedi ately afterwards. In endeavouring to rise the man fell bace again on his side. He seemed to strike his forehead against the ground. He rose immediately, staggered back, and fell on the back of his head. It was a most fearful fall, and he lay as if dead. He ran forward and lifted him up, and sent a boy for assistance. A policeman came and the deceased was lifted on the grass wholly insensible. A gentleman smelt his breath, and said ho had not been drinking. Ile Lad nJt staggered like a drunken man, but like a person giddy, or in a fit. The wi ness observed that there was a bruise on the forehead, and en injury at the back of the head. Ho would not be surprised to hear that the dreadful fall had fractured the deceased's skull, He did not fall against the railings. The railings were a yard away from him. He might have fallen against them before the witness saw him. He became aware of the death of the man from reading the accounts in the newspapers, and seeing the coroner's remarks stating that the case was one of great mystery, and that it was desirable that all who knew any thing about the matter should come forward. He attended to-day voluntarily. By Mr Draper—The noise of the fall was a dull heavy one, There was no sound of crashing, &o. I saw no sentry near the spot or in the crowd. Thomas Chambers, waiter at the Argyll-rooms, Wind mill-street, said he knew deceased by sight for one or two years peat. On the day of the occurrence he saw him in Windmill-street, and asked him to get a dry meter for a shop he was about to open. The deceased then went into dining rooms in the same street, for bis inspector. Witness then had a few minutes' conversation with him. He was sober then, as he always was. Deceased walked away ' wards Piccadily, in company with t person named Castel The Green Park was about three-quarters of a mile distant Henry Davy, a gasman, said be mot deceased at 3 o'clock on the Friday in question, and he was then quite sober. W. 11. Beveridge, 28, New Peter-street, said he was a gasman. On the Saturday morning he was sent for to bail deceased out of King-street police station. He could scarcely stand, and he seemed as if he could not see. He walked right away from the witness. Ho could not speak a word. He was brought towards witness, and upon taking his hat off to brush away the sawdust witness saw a dreadful bruise across his forehead, which was much discoloured. His hand was also bruised. Ho was shivering and insensible, and the inspector said he was ()old and ought to have some tea. When the bail was settled witness took him to a public house opposite. The witness had to carry him up the steps. When some brandy had been given him, or rather poured into his mouth, witness had to carry him to 'Westminster Hospital. No injury could have been inflicted on him from the time of his leaving the station to the moment of his being carried into the hospital. Inspector Thomas Kepple, A division, said that he knew nothing of the case ; but having read the evidence of the witness Cazely as to the sobriety of deceased on the day in question, ho saw it to be at variance with a statement he had made to witness. He reported the fact to the superintendent, who directed hue to atter d at the inquest. On the 4th of October Cazely said to witne 3, in the house of the latter, that the deceased was too drunk to do some work at a private house in Piccadilly on the after noon of the occurrence, and that he (Cazely) took the tools out of his hands and directed him to go home. Cazoly said that the owner of the house was very particular, so he wont and did the work himself. He said that he had given de ceased money, and ho must have got beer at dinner, and also when he was sent to a shop for some piping. Cazely had made a similar admission to witness Davy. Davy told this witness at the Argyll-rooms that Cazely said the deceased was a little bit gone. William Cazely (or Castell) said that he had heard the statement of last witness, and he must contradict a great part of it. He told the inspector all about the deceased, and said to him that the deceased being knocked up through blowing down gaspipes, the witness gave 2d. at dinner time to get beer. When they west to the door at 102, Piccadilly, he said to the witness, "You are queer from the e;fects of the gas, and, as the gentleman is particular, you had better go home." The witness took the tools from him and did the work himself. The witness never told the Cotton Cultivation in India, (From the Madras Times.) Mr Brown, of Aujarakaudy, whose practical knowledge of the subject we aro now discussing few individuals, un oonnected with officialdom, will be prepared to question, attributes the ruin of cotton cultivation in this country to the selfish and oppressive system of Government, pursued for so Many years by the late East India Company; and in a recently-published pamphlet upon " The Supply of Cotton fromlndia"—to the pages of which w e are indebted for much of the information condensed in this brief article—he very succinctly sets forth the reasons and adduces the facts which warrant the conclusion to which he arrives. That conclusion is, to use his own words, that " a Sirkar proclama tion should be put forth in the most authoritative manner, and personally circulated by the Collector of the provinces, suspending for five years the tax en all land that in the yearly rotation of crops may be cultivated with cotton, leaving the tax on all other land untouched." No measure short of this will, in the opinion of Mr Brown, " directly reach the grower ; nor will any other secure his receiving the price he ought to get for his cotton, for no other will enable him to hold his cotton, and save him from being obliged to take the Bunniah's price for it, in order to pay his money land tax." The proposition is not a new one. Mr Brown urged its adoption 25 years ago, and, in a powerfully written letter to Government, dated August 10, 1862, again pressed its consideration upon our local rulers. These authorities condemned it as being not only " opposed to sound policy," but liable also to render " every experiment un satisfaetory and inconclusive." Other objections of greater force have been brought against it, which our space will not allow us to enter upon more fully; and the fact that the Home Government have already more than once expressly prohibited its trial is perhaps quite sufficient to render any further efforts to obtain even its experimental adoption fu tile. In remembering, however, the acknowledged inability of the Government to aid the native cultivator in his attempts to compete with the slaveowner of America, we should bear in mind that ample evidence has been afforded of the ease with which the cotton plant can be nal uralieed in this coun try. It can be and has been grown in every climate ranging from that which is rainless to tracts where the annual rain fall is from 120 to 140 inches ; and it thrives not only in that rich black earth which has become identified with its name —" cotton soil" but also in the ordinary red clay which principally constitues the rest of the agricultural soil of In dia. Let us now for a moment turn our eyes from India to Turkey. There, also, for many years the cotton trade was comparatively annihilated by American competition. But immediately the prospect of a failure of the cotton supply from the United States presented itself, what did the turkish Government do ? It abolished for five years all taxes upon cotton-growing land, and set apart money for the construction of roads. And what has been the result of a step so (according to our Government's views) " opposed to sound policy ? " Let the following extract from a short article in the follow ing Smyrna 11Thil,(republished in our issue of the 22d ultimo) bear witness :—" It is estimated that all Turkey will pro duce this year 500,000 to 600,000 bales of cotton (without Egypt) ; and should the present high prices continue it will give the startling result that Turkey will receive nearly one quarter of the value of the whole American crop ohat f cotton sent to England four y ears a g o ; thus proving tcir cumstances may be such as to permanently enrich a coun try, if the Government fosters and protects its resources." And not only in Turkey is cotton cultivation making such significant strides onwards. In Italy it is being carried on with marked and increasing success. In Sardinia, in Elba, and even in parts of Piedmont, we read and hear of its rapid progress. But it is only to le,or mis ruled India, with its unblushing, obstinate, State Secretary, and its meek, helpless, and timid local Go vernments, that the retributive embarrassments of slave driving America have failed to prove an opportunity for stimulating the industry of the many, instead of pandering I to the passion of the gambling, grasping, speculating few. ,o- and incapable Vacancies, Promotions, and AppointmentS in the Civil Service• Homu-onlcE. —Vacancy—The Lord Lieutenancy ot Nottinghamshire has become vacant by the death of the Duke ot Newcastle, K.G. COLONIAL-OFFlCE.—Appointtnent—ldr Henry Co rne lius Henderickson Kortright has been appointed to be lieutenant-governor of the Island of Tobago. WAR-OFFlCE.—Appointment—Licut.-Col. A. A. Fisher, C. 8., has been appointed to bo principal of the Surveying and,Topographical Schools at the Royal Engineer Esta blishment in the room of Lieut.-Colonel Scott, appointed to the charge of the South Kensington 1‘1118611n2. THE POST-OFFlCE.—Promotions —Messrs T. H. Rey nolds and George Thyer have been promoted from the 3d to the 2d class, circulation department, London. CUSTOSlS.—Appointment—gr W. J. Gallon has been appointed an out-door officer, Newcastle —Promotions—Mr James Voller has been promoted from the sth to the 4th c lass of out-door officers, London. Mr John Bruce has been promoted from the 3d to the 2d class of clerks for general business, Liverpool. Mr C. M'Allister has been promoted from the 4th to the 3d class of clerks for general business, Liverpool. Mr W. C. Burcher has been promoted from the sth to the 4th class of clerks for general business, Liverpool. INLAND REVENUE.—.Stamp and Tax Brinch—Appo ment—Mr T. S. Harris has been appointed surveyor of taxes at Wimborne, vice Mr Borokhardt, deceased. Pro motions—Mr H. C. Elliot, first class clerk in the ware house department, has been promoted to be chief clerk: Mr H. Dowsett and Mr J. Duncan, clerk of ks of the first class, Mr E. Sandys and Mr J. H. R utin, erks of t class, have been promoted to be clerks of the second class. Messrs John Finlay, Charles Harris , William Cumming, an d William Hitchin have been pr omoted to be superin tendents, Messrs Bennett, Lee, F ilcher, Beard, Walsh, Falshaw, and Ballantine have retired from the service. E X CISE BRANCH,—Appointments.. —Mr James Fairlie, collector, Hereford collection, has been appointed collector of Sheffield collection. Mr William Coles', collector, Truro collection, has been appointed collector of Bereford collec tion. Mr Walter Coath, surveying general examiner, has been appointed collector of Truro collection; Mr Charles John Lucas, supervisor, Newark, Ist district, Lincoln col lection, has been appointed surveyor of Port district, Lon don, east, collection. Mr James Lennooe, officer, Cork, 6th division, Cork collection, has been ap p o late d second clerk, niz SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 22, 1864. The Twin Swindlers Convicted at Sandwich. Londonderry colt: etion. Mr William Daherley Steenton, officer; Campden ride, Worcester collection, has been ap pointed officer of Cork, sth division, Cork collection. Mr Martin O'Donohoo, officer, Banbury, let ride, Oxford col lection, has been appointed officer of Campden ride, Wor cester collection. Mr Alfred Thomas Lewis, officer, Mona ghan ride, Newry collection, has been appointed officer of Banbury, last ride, Oxford collection. Mr Robert Burch, officer, officiating in London, south division, London, south collection, has been appointed officer of Strabane ride, Londonderry collection. Mr John S. Houston, officer, Ravenglass ride, Carlow collection, has been appointed to officiate in London, south divisiole, London, south collection. Mr James Ross, officer, Appleby ride, Carlisle collection,has been appointed officer of Ravenglass ride, Carlisle collection. Mr Alexander lanes, officer (late of Uxbridge ride), officiating in London, south division, London, south collection, has been appointed officer of Appleby ride, Carlisle collection. Mr Thomas Baker Coombe, officer, Greenock, Ist division Greenock collection, has been appointed officer of London, south division, Lon don, south collection, Mr John Nevin, officer officiating in London, south division, London, south collection, has been appointed officer of Wheaton Aston Ride, Stafford collec tion. Mr Thomas Preacher, officer, Ballina, Ist ride, Sligo collection, has been appointed officer of Greenock, Ist divi sion, Greenock collection. IRELAND.—Appointment.—Capt. Robert Williams has been appointed controller of the household of his Excellency the new Lord Lieutenant. Colonel Wodehouse has been appointed master of the horse. Mr Edmond Wodehouse has been appointed private secretary to the Lord-Lieutenant. COLONIAL—The East Indies, appointments, &a—Lieu tenant J. Forsyth, officiating conservator of forests in the central provinces, has been vested with the powers of a sub magistrate of the first class. Mr 3. Watts has been ap pointed:to be an hon, magistrate in the Jubbulpore district, central provinces, and has been vested with the powers of a sub .magistrate, Ist class. Mr G. M. Jones, collector of customs at Saugor, in the central provinces, has been ap pointed to be a collector of customs of the second grade, in succession to Mr Melville, retired. the Hon, A. Eden has been appointed to be a member of the council of the Lieu tenant-Governor of Bengal, for making laws and regula tions. Dr. .1. P. Walker has been appointed to be professor of hygiene in the Medical College. Mr D. W. M. Testro has been appointed to be assistant to the magistrate and collector of Bograh, and to exercise the powers of a sub magistrate of the second class. Mr E. H. Harrison has been posted to the Benarns division, N. W. P. Mr W. M. Young has been posted to the Rohilcund division, N.W. P. Mr W. C. Plowden has been appointed to be secretary to the Sadder Board of Revenue. Mr D. C. Macnabb has been appointed to officiate as deputy-commissioner of Um ritsur. Mr H. E. Perkins, assistant-commissioner ,has been transferred from the Sealkote to the Goodaspore dis trict, and posted to Dalhousie. Mr E. G. Ricketts has been appointed to be 3d class deputy-collector and magistrate, vice Sadaseva Pillay, resigned, to continue in charge of the salt department in Tanjore, Madras Presidency. Mr E. B. Foord, acting civil and sessions judge of Chicacole, has been appointed to act as colleotor and magistrate and agent to'the Governor of Fort St. George, in Ganjam. Mr H. Morris, sub-collector and joint magistrate of Nellore, has been appointed to act as civil and sessions judge of the zillah of Chicacole, The Hon. J. C. St. Clair, head assis tant to the collector and magistrate a Bellary, has been appointed to act as sub-collector and joint magistrate of Nellore. Civil Service Gazette. Thomas Croker, alias Thomas Hanbuty, aged 26 years, and Samuel Croker, alias Samuel Hanbury, aged 26 years, I said to be twin brothers, who, it will be remembered, have been travelling various parts of the provinces and London, swindling every one with whom they came in contact, were brought before J. Deedes, Esq., recorder, at the quarter sessions held at the Guildhall, Sandwich, on Thursday. Two distinct eharges were brought against them. The pri soners were committed for trial from Ramegal e, which town they visited during the busiest part of the season, and took up their abode at the head hotel, where two letters, ad dressed to " Thomas Hanbury, Esq., F,R.5.," had been waiting their arrival some days. They represented them selves as sons of a widow lady named Hanbury, who was a frequent guest at the hotel, and stated that they should require apartments for six weeks, before which time had expired they expected their mother would be there. Every confidence was put in them ; they dined sumptuously every day, and that the landlord was honoured by the attendance of two distinguished guests appeared undeniable ; their bearing was gentlemanly, and every day's post brought in numerable letters addressed to the "F.R.S." Numerous friends, said to be influential gentlemen, well " got up," were entertained at dinner by "The Hanburys," and to these the greatest attention and courtesy were paid by the unwary landlord and hie domestics. Time wore on, and every day the landlord's bill far locig . ngs, and payments on behalf of his distinguished patrons, were largely increased. Re peated applications for a settlement were made to the twins, and then the everlasting and accepted excuses " that they had had replies from their mother (Mrs Hanbury), and that she might be expected soon to join them, or that she had promised to send them £200," were tendered. One fine morning, the twins having then been nine weeks at their abode, finding that the applications of the landlord for payment grew stronger end more frequent, signed a cheque for •over £lOO in their assumed name, and left word that they were ofi• for a drive and would return in the oven.ng. A. drive they certainly did take and would not which Sir R. Collier admits to be son that yoll can " sail a fleet through them , " Lad been semen what hardly p re ssed against a nation which, ev if it had sought the co-operation of British shin' builders, could not have found in their aid and , adequate counterbalance to the enforcement it s haP ell, public recognition of an illegal bl ockade. ell there were some who recollected that Lord B,uss, who at first would do nothing in the case of the rams, sent a hurried order for their detention from iur mediately after receiving a threatenine. letter Mr. Adams. It is well, too, for the Al G . American o vernment, that it has the voice of one English lawyer in high place for the monstrous decisions of Judg e Betts and others in the prize-courts. With Buchan adviser near the Throne we cease to wonder that D u o reparation has been exacted for the attack upon a e tb, English ship on the coast of the Bahamas--for murder of an unoffendiag seaman in thew aters or the Cape—for the seizure and confiscation of the sets laden with neutral cargoes, and bound for neutral port of Matamoras. Acting on the advice! probably, of Sir R. Collier, our Governm ent bee submitted to these outrages. Acting on his advice! it has winked at a fictitious bloc kade which bee ruined our American trade and impoverished thou: he: sands of our people. It has carried ou t the Foreign_ Enlistment Act against the Confederates. It suffered its infringement in the gros sest and 1110:.; systematic manner, in allowing Ir ishmen to " shipped off by thousands and kidnapp ed into 01 Federal service at New York and Boston. A, ,' ,,, this neutrality. Sir It. Collier must favour us With a new definition of the word. The utmost seve ri , l e to the weaker, the furthest stretch of limits in tu t interpretation of law when it may bear hard agai n : i t , the stronger side, are conditions which enter aga in st what the Whigs call neutrality, the leading aii°T. of the policy of Lords Russell and Palmerston, tu; ugly facts which their apologists seek to glues °le n . with oily phrases. Sir R. Collier, after premiaine that he did not intend to go into the Danish quer tion, kept his promise by going into it at lengtil_t and with a vengeance. As is usual with advocat,' of a weak cause, he set up a man of straw , a ttacks him furiously, and gloried in his supposed discoore fiture. A certain class of politicians , he said, q 0 of opinion that when any complication ar ises 1 ' Europe only two courses are open to us. T on° Si r is to fight, the other is to hold our peace. Sir 1/ ` n ce d Collier thinks that we have a right to p ronou our opinion and protest against a great w rong, and as nobody denies him he has the field all to him' self. What is objected to is that we shou ld mal l as if we were going to fight, and then bac k out o it ; that we should encourage a weak people to re s i s tance, and then betray them. In the Polish ill° surrection and in the nano- German war our states. men did something more than pronounce an op/111.°i Is is necessary to remind Sir R. Collier that Lo r i Palmerston stated in his place in the House t) Commons that if Denmark were attacke d in Sulliee: wig Germany might find that Denmar k would 13°' stand alone? Is it necessary to recall to his Ole; mory the threat of Lord Russell that the EgliB,B fleet was in the Channel, ready for any work / 0 hours? This system of bletant announcemen.'r and pusillanimous reculades is what S ir R. Coillea calls " forming the public opinion of Eu re P.% I Lord Russell, we suppose, forms public opts dig on much the same plan as an Irishman gets 4 , 1 pig on board ship, by pulling it the other War His intervention has resulted thus far in the en; slavement of Poland and the spoliation of Deno ° Woe betide the people on whose behalf Earl En s : sell intervenes, for his friendly salute is as fatale; the deathegiving kiss of the Valkyrii of the Ne r , e r mythology. We utterly despair of reducing Id It. Collier to anything like reason whe n we Pied that the panacea with which he would ha ve ' Wale the Danish difficulty is none other than the u°e i; rious proposition of Lord Russell in 1862, Nvil'e.o created a storm of indignation everywhe re but 10 Germany, and which has found an apologist Gene, living statesman but her Majesty's Sol icitor- t ral. Did the simple people of Plymou th happen "f know that Lord Russell proposed to giv e to each ° the Duchies of Holstein, Schleswig, and Lauenberifi; an equal voice in the Government wit h the vin ° t people of Denmark ? Can any man wonder the Germany should have accepted, and Denmark rve jected, this utterly insane proposition ? Sir te a d Collier plumes himself on being e w ell acq uain with his subject, and boasts of havi n g the n bl d book at his fingers' ends, He certain l y upon the happy ignorance of his audience. 11' we meet with a politician who ingeniously con trives to take exactly the wrong view findeY, foreign question we are not surprised to we have to differ from him toto ccdo cn dornesti subjects. We should begin to doubt our sanity , o r f we feel as if the world were turning upside down, if that we could agree with Sir R. Collier UPI anything. When we learn that he is in favour abolishing church rates, of ousting the Establien4 that went from her own ancient foundations, of ing vote by ballot and the six -pound suffrage , st congratulate ourselves that he is, as he says, 01", the legal, not the political, adviser of the C rown and we wish Lord Palmerston joy on this apPe nr ; ance on his 80th birthday of a Solicitor-Generall°; such advanced views. It is very h ard upon 111, Bright that he has net yet been called to tail° place in her Majesty's councils. COUNTRY MARKETS. STAMFORD—FRIDAY. With a f iLit About the usual quantity of wheat, which m et th demand at recent currencies. In other kin sof grain trade was dull, and former prices slightly on the dealiT3o, —White wheat, 42s to 44 s ; red, 38 s to 40 s p er 36 001'4; Barley, malting, Ns to 355; grinding, 29s to 31s per per Oats, 18s to 26s per 24 stone. Beans, old , 40e to 4 20 r" qr. ; new, 36s to Us. LIVERPOOL—FRIDAY. rs a t We have had only a moderate attendance of btlYe-.,4 our corn exchange this morning, and with a l imited Ingle for wheat, the transactions have been at 2d per c oital . 0 dine on the week. Flour in moderate dema nd at a de,,clloo of 6d per sack and barrel. Indian corn neglected, allu, t .. turn lower, say 6d to 9d per qr on the week. Oats an """ meal as of late. Beans, peas, and barley, unaltered. WAKEFIELD—FRIDAY. do The wheat trade is dull, and, except for fine white, Po in favour of the buyers. Barley is slow of sale. In articles there is no change in value. Averages for the week : Wheat 955 qrs., at "40s 51i O a t s 30 8ar1ey......... 63 5 Peas ... 35 -- 40 s OA B ean s 4l LINCOLN-FRIDAY. A A rat ° e This morning at our market wheat was in ra''' • show, and sales took place at late rates for fine valitio: interior rather lower. Barley in fair deman d at late rate Oats in moderate supply. Beans a heavy inquiry. n o White wheat new, 40s to 44s Barley, grinding..2Bs to '2l„ .) o ° ." **** • m Red do. 3Bs to 40 s Oats, , old , . . 8 tto 234 Old white 42s to 47s New do .......... 2 18 440 Red do. 39s to 43 s I Beans.. .......... 42s to 3 8 0 Barley, malting 33s to 31 s 1 Beans, new ...... 378 to CORK—THURSDAY. Ijed The following were the quotations this morning • 0 wheat, 7s 3d to 7a iOd ; white, 7s 6d to 8 s 9 d , barleYei Od to 7s 6d ; oats, 4s 10d to 6s 5d ; black do.) 68 Od 6s Od; here, —s Od. BRISTOL SUGAR—FRIDAY. The demand has become improved, and some censidetecii° sales have been made at full prices to 6 d advance. 11701 goods are steady at Gd advance. Ruin sells freely Lo prices. ItKET. the close of the motet' Walls End. v. Byass's Bebside West 21 e Hartley ...19 6 Eletton .............. 20 Baddle'sWest Hartley 19 6 Tunstall Hastings Hartley ....19 6 Heugh Hall .......... 20 Holywell ..19 0 South Kelloe... ...... Eden Main 2O 3 Ships at marks COAL NU Prim of Coal per Ton at a. d. )i, 26 ; Bola, 24, AO London: Primed and Prblished by WILLIADI—N-D isia I of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TILE SI 3 N °Cle ,, vvt intJ Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, n tue ilaltitileoeze—Saturday, October 22,11801, SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. have driven back to Ramegate but for the assistance of a Canterbury detective, who, on their arrival in that city, held a warrant for the apprehension of the scoundrels. Their apprehension was effected in the first place by the vigilance of a tradesman named Franklin, carrying on business in High-street, Ramsgate, a person who, it afterwards turned out, had not been forgotten, The twins had during their sojourn called at Mr Franklin's and made a trifling pur chase for which they tendered cash. Afterwards their presence in the shop was more frequent, and goods to the value of £6 18s were ordered at various times in the name of "Hanbury," arfd were sent addressed to them at the hotel. They also, in order to throw Mr Franklin off his guard, stated that they were cousins of Lord Edward Howard, and handed a number of pamphlets (being extracts of reports of the speeches cf that gentleman in the House of Commons on the American question) with a verbal request that he, Mr Franklin. would give them publicity by enclosing them in parcels to his customers. Those representations, together with the fact that they were staying at the Albion, led Mr Franklin to supply the goods, In executing one order for two shirts there was a query as to whether they could be done before the time the twins had to leave for town, and in the event of their not being done by such time Mr Franklin had to forward them parcelled and addressed to Thomas Hanbury, Esq , F.R.S , 1, Cambridge square, Hyde-park, London. The goods, however, were ready in time, and were sent to the Albion. Some days elapsed and frequent pro mises were made to settle, but at length Mr Franklin, smell ing the rat, called upon the twine, who, undaunted, signed "Thomas llanbury and S inauel Hanbury" to a cheque for £6 18s. upon the London City Bank. This cheque was at once forwarded to London and presented, but instead of cash being tendered ,the cheque was returned with the words "No account" written across it. The Ramsgate po lice were at once informed of this circumstance, and a war rant was issued for the apprehension of the thieves, who, as we have before stated, had that day gone over to Canter bury. The telegraph was brought into requisition, and the proper parties were soon in the hands of the police. The whole of the above facts were stated in evidence on Thurs day, the charges against the prisoners being obtaining goods by false pretences from Mr Franklin, and with unlawfully and that they did wilfully conspire, combine, confederate, and agree together to cheat and defraud one Edward R. H. Wright, landlord of the Royal Hotel, Ramsgate. Prisoners in defence said they left London for Ramsgate for the pur pose of getting hold of several parties belonging to London who had absconded in their debt, and who they understood were in the neighbourhood of Ramsgate. Their reason for adopting the name of Hanbury was that the parties they meant chancing to be about might not be aware of their presence. They did not intend to defraud Mr Franklin, but would have paid every farthing of his claim if they had got their money from the parties of whom they were in quest. The Recorder said the conduct of the prisoners would not warrant him saying a word in their favour, and as they had been found guilty on both indictments they would be mprisoned for 12 months each with hard labour. RETURN OF COOLIES.—A West Indian paper has the following statement :—" The ship Ganges left George town, Demerara, on the 2d inst. (September), with return emigrants-423 far Calcutta, and 24 for Madras. These people took away with them 60,109 dole. 6c. in cash, savings from their earnings, besides jewels, it is said, of great value. Whatever may be the benefit of the coolie to the colony as a labourer—and there can be no denying that it is very considerable—this system of return passages is a great drawback to it. Not only is the country subject periodically to be deprived of a large amount of seasoned labour (and the Ganges batch is equal to the labour staff of a first-rate estate), but is also on such occasions drained of heavy sums of hard cash, which in the hands of other labourers would be spent in the colony. It is really very difffzult to understand upon what principle the Imperial Government persists in demanding for the Indian immi. grant the right to a return passage to his own country, when every batch of these people who do return prove by the loads of money they take with them how capable they are of providing themselves with return passages when they feel the inclination to revisit their country." [ADVEILTISEMENT.I—HoIIoway's Pills.—Bilious com plaints and irregularities of the system, produced by de praved and over-abundant bile, can always be corrected by a few doses of these inestimable Pills, which are everywhere admired for their rare combination of mildness and power; for though they conquer with ease and rapidity the most obstinate disease, they never weaken the stomach or neces sitate any interruption of ordinary duties or amusements, On the contrary, they increase the appetite, strengthen the organs of digestion, give increased energy and life to all the animal functions, and fit both hands and brain for fresh exertions. The sick and enfeebled can easily discover what a happy revolution these Pills have the power to eftect in the human system. TIMES.—The official despetchrs which appeared in last night's Gazette reduce the recent pacification in New Zealand to somewhat more moderate pro portions than we had been led to hope. The sub mission was not made by all the natives, but by those of Tauranga, and it will be noticed that in his first letter Col. Cameron cautions the Secretary of State against concluding that the general pacifica tion of the country will necessarily follow. There is a great want of adhesion among the many tribes composing the native population, and the pacifica tion of the other tribes is, at all events, an indepen dent event, and had yet to take place at the date of the despatches. At the same time we may draw the best' auguries from the first step towards peace. Taurange , is an important situation, and the tribes around it were powerful and danger ous. Their late leader, Rawiri, was a man who had inflicted upon us the disastrous repulse at Gate Pa, in the neighbourhood of Tauranga was the scene of the sharp engagement in which Col. Greer was recently so successful. It will be re membered that the same Rawiri, about the end of June, sent a challenge to Colonel Greer, and in con junction with W. Thompson organised an attack upon the camp at Tauranga. The attempt, however, was completely foiled, Colonel Greer attacked the native force, and defeated them with heavy loss, Rawiri himself being killed, while W. Thompson, upon the defeat of his allies, abstained from his intended attack. This woes on the 21st of June, and Colonel Cameron's despatch informs us that he undertook no active operations during July. It is all the more satisfactory that it was at the end of this interval of truce that these Eastern tribes should have offered their submission. We may reasonably conclude that they have done so upon mature reflection, so that the peace, once made, will not be so likely to be again disturbed. The submission was not offered in any immediate despair produced by the defeat at Tauranga, but after nearly a month's rest. The situation of Tan ranga, too, is of importance, for the plan of opera tions, after the success of the 21st of June, was to place troops at Tauranga, and in the heart of the Waikato country to the west of it, and thus to cut off the natives from their customary sources of sup ply. If therefore we are now surrounded by friendly natives at Tauranga, half of this plan will be carried oat without opposition. We are not informed whether, as Col. Cameron anticipated, W. Thompe son and his followers have also submitted. The history of the matter is very short. The New Z sa land savages are at least in advance of the diplo matists at Vienna in the directness and shortness of their negotiations. On the 25th of July 133 natives, with some chiefs of rank, came into the camp and laid down their arms, - signing a declaration of allegiance to the Queen, and leaving their lands at the disposal of the Governor and the General. Col. Greer very wisely and properly made certain that they each understood what they were doing by having the document they were to sign read over twice to them. Only two chiefs, with from ten to twenty followers between them, abstained from this act of submission. The proceedings were, at the re quest of the natives, further ratified by their meet ing the Governor and General Cameron a few days afterwards. The interview passed off very satisfac torily, the natives expressing themselves, we are told, perfectly satisfied with the terms of peace granted them. To judge by Col. Greer's despatch this happy agreement was not made without obstruction from two civilians, but this was the only difficulty in the matter. It will be a significant fact if it should appear that the only obstacle to peace was raised by two of the colonial authorities. The satisfactory result is that " hostilities are now at an end in this part of the colony," not again, we may hope, to be resumed by us. The terms granted to the natives in Sir George Grey's address appear to fulfil the conditions which we urged the other day. The lands of these natives are all now the property of the Crown, and the Governor therefore can dispose of them as he sees fir. It was obviously necessary to canfiecate some of them as a punishment for the re• bellion, and, at the same time, to give the natives sufficient for their support and contentment. The natives were also naturally anxious that this should be done at once. In fact, with their notions about land, they would feel themselves homeless until they had received some settlement. Sir George Grey, therefore, assigns them settlements at once, which he promises shall as far as possible be in such localities as they shall choose, and these will be secured by Crown grants to them and to their chil dren. Meanwhile steps will be taken to ascer tain the boundaries of the land hitherto possessed by the tribes, and it will then be finally decided how these are to be dealt with. Sir George Grey promises, however, that the amount confiscated shall not ex ceed one-fourth of the whole land. This moderation is exercised as a recognition of the honourable way in which the natives have conducted the war, " nei ther robbing, nor murdering, but respecting the wounded." The Maories have certainly earned a generous treatment at our hands. They have been a brave and gallant enemy, and we act only justly in not taking advantage of their unconditional submis sion. With equal humanity the Governor promises, as soon as the settlements are decided, to distribute seed potatoes and the means of settling, so that the natives may be able at once to maintain themselves. We may reasonably hope with General Cameron that such liberal and considerate terms will induce other tribes to make their submission. It is certain that these alone could even yet give us a great deal of trouble, but it is equally certain that they would inflict infinitely more trouble and suffering on them selves, and the submission of this district in the manner we have described seems to show that the natives are becoming alive to this fact. If we can only make them believe that we have no vindictive or avaricious designs upon them, and that if they will but submit to the Queen's authority they will receive lands in secure possession, they are suffi ciently acute to know that it is their interest to place themselves under our protection. There is, in deed, we fear, little hope for them ultimately. The greater energy, the enterprise, and we must add we are afraid, the unscrupulousness, of the colonists cannot but eventually supplant them, and gra dually to dwindle before the advance of the Europeans will probably be their happiest fate. But while an irresistible law of na ture is producing this melancholy result, the only tolerable condition for the Maories will be to live in peace under the equal protection of our Government. If they revolted again, it would not only be necessary to treat them with greater seve rity, but it may be doubted whether the struggle would be carried on by troops equally held in re straint with those they have just yielded to. Lord Stanley expressed a very strong and gradually strengthening feeling in the public mind when he stated it as his opinion that, atter having once more reduced the natives to submission, we should dis tinctly tell the colonists that they must look after their own interests for the future. But the Maories would fare badly if they were left to the tender mercies of the settlers. The war between the two races would be one of extermination, and would only end with the destruction of the weaker race. It was to prevent such a miserable struggle that we have taken matters so much into our own hands, much against the opinion of some experienced persons, who believed that the old plan would have proved the most merciful in the end. However, we have but endeavoured to do our duty ; but if neither natives nor colonists will be reasonable and patient, if our interference between the two parties is as unfortunate as similar interferences in private life—if it only involves us in constant quarrels with the colonists and incessant wars with natives, and does nothing to harmonise the two, we shall have nothing to do but to wash our hands of the affair, and let them fight it out between them as best they nay. We will hope, however, that the present news is an inauguration of a happier state of things, that the other tribes will follow the example of those of Tauranga, and that the troops now to be recalled will be the last who will have to be employed in this unequal and unwelcome warfare. HERALD.—Sir Robert Collier, her Majesty's So licitorelieneral, has been addressing his constituents, the electors and non-electors of Plymouth. He put his status very plainly before them at starting. Formerly, he said, he had addressed them as the representative of all England, that is to say, as a private member of Parliament. To-day he comes before them as the representative of her Majesty's Government. If he ever was is any sense the re.- presentative of the nation, it is pretty certain that he can aspire to that quality no longer. It is as the spokesman of a party, the advocate of a cause, the retained special pleader for a clique of men who are now dragged before the bar of public opinion, that Sir R. Collier puts in an appearance. It would be difficult to conceive anything more partisan, more un-English, more thoroughly one-sided altogether, than this laboured defence of an unpopular and blundering Foreign Minister, of a veteran Premier, on whose eightieth birthday this tribute, not altogether disinterested, was paid to the trascendant merits which for seven years have bolstered up a wornsout Whig dynasty. The quondam advocate of the American Government came out very strongly, as may be imagined, on the question of neutrality. It is pleasant to hear him expressing his conviction that this neutrality has been so impartially maintained. It is gratifying to obtain from one of her Majesty's Ministers the assurance that the Government, in the question of the rams, did not submit to dictation from Mr. Adams. It would be re-assuring, could we only believe it, to hear that the American prizeecourts have been actuated in all their decisions by an un swerving respect for the law. Perhaps there we' e some, even among his complacent hearers, who felt that the provisions of the Foreign Enlistment Act, Births. .0 1 GRAHAM.—On the 20th inst., at 9, Vernon-terrace , - rol ton, the wife of Lieut.-Col. Gerald Graham, R.E. - daughter. nab LONGFORD.—On the 19th inst., at 5, Leinster - st reet, lin, the Countess of Longford, of twin sons. t RABY.—On the 20th inst., at Bath, the wife o f CoP ' Raby, R.N., of a daughter. Marriages. COBDEN—JARRETT.—On the 20th inst., at St. James' Piccadilly, T It. Cobden, Esq., of New Win dsor,m ;re t J to Eliza, second daughter of the late Stephen "' Esq., of Bethnal-green. A CROSS —SAIINDERS.-0a the 18th inst., at St. 01',A r e bott's, hensington, Charles James Cross, Esq., 01 ,'; ‘ , - , ford, to Eliza, daughter of the late J. Saunders, PP"" Kensington. Deaths. BARRON.—On the 21st inst., at Loughton, Essex Fanny Barron, aged 89. BROCK.—On the 19th inst., Edward Brock, of Cork-041 Burlington-gardens, aged 64. CODD.— On the 15th inst., at Hornsey-road, lqN" - Codd, late 48th Regt., aged 65. rehitell ti CLIFDEN.—On the 20th inst., at Dover House, ".(7 - • cot Lucia Georgiana Mary, eldest twin daught er of v 113 and Viscountess Clifden, aged two years. v e r r FRYER.—On the 15th inst., at Reading, bli s s " e merly of The Cedars, Hammersmith. fQQ - terr,f, l , SHEPARD.—On the 20th inst., at 3 0 , B eall-- d Maida-vale, Henry Thomas Proctor Shepard, age