The Sun. — London, England, 1864-02-19 00:00:00

INPERIAL P. DOUSE OF LORDS—Last Evening, The LORD CHANCELLOR took his seat on the woolsack at five o'clock. Lord HOUGHTON presented a petition from a public nveting held in Manchester, against any interference on the part of this country in the Dano-German war. Lord REDESDALE presented a petition from Finsbury against the scheme for the 'extension of metropolitan railways. The Marquis of CLANRICARDE gave notice that on Tuesday next be should put a question to latr Mwjesty's Government relative to recruiting in Ireland for the Federal F.:tates. MUSEUM FOR PATENTS. The Earl of PO WIS asked whether her Majesty's Go vernment intended during the present year to establish a proper museum and library for patents? Tne noble earl referred to the want of a well-organised establishment of the nature referred to, because if such was really in existence it would afford facilities for persons contemplating bygone inventions, and also allow inventors to become acquainted with that which had already been discovered. Earl GRANVILLE agreed in many of the observations of the noble lord, and he thought the present accommoda tion ought to be extended. He could give no distinctanswer to the question further than assuring his noble friend that the matter was under the consideration of Government The Earl of ROMNEY:called attention to the state of the law with regard to the removal of clerks of the peace from their office, and asked whether Government would consider the subject with a view of amending the law in that respect. The LORD CHANCELLOR said the subject would be taken into consideration eOth a view of ascertaining whe ther some judicious am?dment of the law could not be made. Lord CRANWORTH thought the evil complained of could be met if the power of removing clerks of the peace from office was given to the Lord Chancellor. Their lordships then adjourned. SOUSE OF COMMONS—Yesterday. The SrEAKER took the chair shortly before 4 o'clock. NEW MEMBER. Mr. Moon took the oaths and his seat on his election for Brighton, in the room of Mr. Coningham, and was received with cheers from the Conservative benches. GREAT EASTERN AND NORTHERN JUNCTION RAILWAY BILL. On the motion for the second reading of this bill, Mr. G. H. PACK E opposed the motion on the ground that there was no necessity for the undertaking,and moved the rejection of the bill. Captain JERVIS supported the motion. AIL EGERTON, as a direetor of the Great Northern, sail that he did not oppose the bill on the ground of the mere fact that it would introduce competition with the line in which he was interested, but that it enunciated a new principle, namely, as to the rights of a large commer cial company who had no interest in the proposed under taking to come forward and subscrioe a large sum for its construction. He therefore would second the amendment. Lord J. MANNERS opposed the second reading of the Lill on principle. After some remarks by Alderman SALoMONS, Mr. MASSEY said that the time, had passed when Par liament would take into consideration the question of com petition as being a ground for rejecting a bill. With referenos to the second objection, he could only say that the company who had advanced the money for the new line had complied with the standing orders and could not be objected. to at present. Sir J. SHELLEY protested against the house being in fluenced. by the opinion of the Chairman of Ways and Means. Col. WILS9N-PATTEN took exception to the remark of the last speaker. Mr. PACKE then withdrew his amendment, and the bill was read a second time. ARMY ESTIMATES. Sir H. WILLOUG tIEY asked the Under Secretary of State for War if the accounts of the army receipts and ex penditure for the year ending March 31, 1863, would be presented previous to the discussion on the Army Estimates for the current year ? The Marquis of lIARTINGTON said he believed tha explanatory statements had already been laid on the table, and the accounts in question would be in the hands of hen. members in the course of a few days. TARIFF BET WEEN AUSTRIA AND THE ZOLLVEREIN. Mr. S. BEAUMONT asked the President of theßoard of Trade for the production ot a tariff between Austzia and the Zollverein, which was officially published at Vienna in November, 1863. Mr. BUTT said that the document alluded to would be laid on the table shortly. CAPTURE OF BRITISH VESSELS. Mr. H.BAILLIE asked the Attorney-Gene:al whether he was of opinion that when an English merchantvessel was captured by an American ship of war in the harbour of a neutral State, it was the duty of the Government to wait for the action and decision °fa prize court before reparation was demanded from the American Government; and, if so, whether the Government would also have to wait for the action of a prize court if an English vessel should be taken out as a prize from an English !Arbour ; and, whether, the capture of the British vessel Science by an American ship of war in the Mexicsn harbour of Matamoros was not a violation of international law, and a direct act of hosti lity against England. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL said with regard to the princ;ple involved, it c ,uld not be doubted that when an English vessel was captured in neutral waters, the Govern ment should not wait for the action of a prize court. In reference to the case of the Science, it was denied by the American captain who captured the vessel that it was seised in neutral waters, and no answer had yet been received by this Government in reply to their communication with the American Government. All they could have done was to make that representation. He was happy to be Mlle to stato that nothing was more distinct and clear than that no neutral vessel could be taken by the American Govern. ment in the Mexican waters, and that even if it were driven by stress ot weather beyond the neutral line they would still be protected. THE REV. DR. PA/NE. Mr. O'NEILL asked the Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs whether her Majesty's Government had taken any steps to obtain compensation for losses sustained by the Rev. Dr. Payne, in consequence of au assault made upon him by a Greek soldier in April, 1862 ; and, if not, whether is was intended to take any steps for this purpose? Mr. LAYAR D said that the soldier had been condemned to twelve months' imprisonment, and he thought that punishment was sufficient for his offence. RURAL PARISHES. Mr. ROGERS asked the Secretary of State for the Hom Department, if, after a county had been divided into highway districts under the Act of 1862, facilities would be afforded to rural parishes, where the population according to the last census was more than 3,000, and such parishes desire to withdraw from such districts by adopting the Local Government Act of 1858? Sir G. GREY said that no additional facilities would be afforded for the purpose mentioned by the hon. member. QUEEN'S COLLEGE (CORK). Lord NAAS asked the Chief Secretary for Ireland whe ther the report of the President of the Queen's College, Cork, to her Majesty, for the past year, had yet been pre sented; and whether that report contained the whole of the correspondence which had taken place between the Irish Government, Dr. Batten, and Sir R. Kane; and if it did not whether he would lay the entire correspondence on the table of the house ? cia S e ir Be PEEL said the report of the President of the n'a College in Cork had been presented, and was laid on the table of the house yesterday. There would be no objection te' Publish the correspondence alluded to. RELATIONS WITH BRAZIL. Mr. 1113.1 iT cok e d th e Under Secretary of State for Fo reign. Affairs wh e th er the Portuguese Government had ten dered its good ete „ s to b r i ng a b ou t a renewa l o f diplomatic re l a tions between this country had con a ntry and Brazil, and whether her Majesty's Governraeu accepted those good offices, and w h e ther any papers upon the subject would be laid upon the tab'e ? Mr. L.: YARD said that the offers of the Portuguese G.)vernment made last year had been accepted by his noble friend at the head of the Poreig n _ aace, but he could not state whether it had been accepted by the other Government or not. No correspondence had taken place on the subject. VESTRY CESS ABOLITION BILL. Sir R, PEEL, in - moving the second re a di ng of this bill, said that the object was to abolish a power wuich th e vestries in Island had possessed for a considerable time, as it was found that these powers were no longer desirable. The right hon. gentleman entered into some details in support of the bill. Sir E. GROGAN would not oppose the bill, but thought it required much consideration. Lord NAAS &ejected to a portion of the bill, After s;)me obaer vations from Colonel French, Mr. Lefroy, Cblonel Dunne, and other hon. members, The bill was read a second time, and ordered to be corn. iniVed on. Thursday next. PENAL SERVITUDE ACTS AMENDMENT. 33V en yeais, Sir G. GREY, in moving for leave to e measure introduce a bill to ame nd the Penal Servitude Acts, said that th foun ded on the report of the commissioners which was was pre sented to hon. member s too late last session to enable him m to bring in a bill on the subject. While there had been au increase last year in a particular description of offence, such as to justify the alarm of the public, still, notwith standing 'the increase in the population, it appeared from the report of the commission that there had been a decrease in crime in the United Kingdom. The recom mendations of the commission were of two classes, the first of which related to administrative details, which no doubt were very important but required no alteration in th , ., exist. ing law to give them effect. The second class did require some alterations, and the bill was so fremed so as to effect tbat object, and amongst that class of recommendations was thet the term of penal servitude should not be less than He found that in. England, since the act was THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, passed in 1857 to the end of 1862, there had been 13,331 sentences of penal servitude punishment ; of these 3,825 were for three years, and 4,432 were for four years, e eking to gether 8,257, or two-thirds of the whole numb r. In Scot land, during the same period, there had been 1,292 sentences of penal servitude passed, and of these tie o ere for three years and 529 for four years, or more than e , • half. In Ire land, during the same period, there had been 2,157 sentences of penal servitude; and of these 711 were for three years and 751 for four years, being considerably above two-thirds of the whole. Her Majesty's Government, coinciding in the opinion of the commission that those sentences ought not to be continued, thought that the minimum period of penal servitude should be increased. The commissioners looked to th e lengthening of the sentences as the beat means of pro ducing a salutary effect, and in principle the Government entirely concurred with that recommendation of the commis sioners. But that recommendation was intimately connected With another, which was, that all male convicts not disquali fied for removal to a colony should be sent to Western Aus tralia during the latter part of their punishment. That re commendation was entitled to the greatest weight e and he was bound to say that although the Government hadnot been able to act on it, the commissioners were fully justified in making it. With the exception of the hon. member for Pontefract (Mr. Childers), the commissioners were unanimous. The right hon. gentleman the member for Oxfordshire, whode clined to sign the report of the commission, stated his reason, in which he expressed an opinion favourable to the removal from this country to Western Australia of as many male convicts as the colony was able and willing to receive. The Lord Chief Justice, though differing in principle from the rest of the commissioners, stated that the urgent demand for labour in Western Australia rendered that colony willing to take a very large proportion of our convicts. He saw the wisdom of supplying that demand, by which both the mother country and the colony would be benefited and a new field opened for the convicts themselves. He (Sir G. Grey) agreed with every word that the Lord Chief Justice had written on that subject. He was bound to say that they could not have anticipated the extreme apprehension and alarm with which the inhabitants of the Eastern settle ments had received the recommendations of the commission. Those recommendations, however, had created the greatest alarm, to such an extent, indeed, that it had been thought prudent not to carry them into effect. He thought, on the other hand, that there bad been an exaggerated feeling in this country as to the bens fits likely to accrue from the adoption of the recommendation, because it would be some time before it could have been of any practical effect. He had made a careful calculation of what would be the result of carrying out the recommendation, and he found that for the five years ending 1862 there were 2,900 convicts sen tenced to penal servitude each year. From these had to be deducted 1,400 women and juvenile offenders and others who were unfit for hard labour, so that there remained 1,500 available to be sent to Western Australia, supposing' they were sentenced to not less than seven years. Against these being sent to Western Australia, both her Majesty and the Government had been memorialised and petitioned by the inhabitants of Eastern Australia. Now, he for one, admitting the colonists to express their views on the subject, denied their right of dictating to her Majesty as to matters affecting the inhabitants of another colony thousands of miles away. With regard to sending con • victs to Western Australia, he found that at present as many as 630 were sent every year. That number the Government would continue to send, but they would not carry out the recommendation of the commission. In fact it would be unjust to Western Australia for the Government to turn a deaf ear to their wishes and discon tinue the practice of sending convicts to that colony. Another alteration in the law with regard to Western Aus tralia would tend to remove the apprehensions of the other colonists, namely, the conditional pardon with regard to long sentences. Under the existing system the convict might receive a pardon, and he could return to any town in Europe or go to any other colony, if he had the means to do so and if he so pleased. What the Government proposed now to do was that one condition of a pardon should be that the convict should not quit the colony until the expiration of he term of his sentence, but every inducement would be held out to him to pursue an honest life, and there would be no undue interference with his movements. With regard to the general question of transportation and penal servitude, the Government had come to the determination of adopting the term of five years as the minimum of penal servitude, and abolishing the sentence of three and foul years. The next important recommendation of the commissioners was one on which there was a difference of opinion. It was that with re gard to cone icts sentenced to penal servitude being subjected to nine months' separate imprisonment, and then to labour on public works for the remainder of their term, that re mainder to depend on their good conduct. That was a very important question, and upon it there was a difference of opinion between the Lord Chief Justice and the commission. The evidence showed that the hope of remission of the sentenee was the most powerful inducement that could be offered for good conduct. Such was the opinion of the direc tors of all the convict prisons both in England and Ireland. The Lord Chief Justice said that if the principle had been a good one it would apply equally to short as to long sentences. There was, however, a great difference between them. A prisoner sentenced to twelve months' or two years' im prisonment had the end of his sentence always before trim, and he knew when it would arrive; but a prisoner sentenced to twenty years' penal servitude became desperate unless some hope were given him. It had been objected that in this system there was a want of certainty in the punishment Upon this point there had been great popular misapprehen sion. There was no want of certainty in the punishment. The punishment was fixed at a certain minimum, which might be reached through the good conduct of the convict. Say, a man was sentenced to twelve years' penal servitude, which might by good conduct be reduced to nine years. That was the minimum punishment, but the punisnment might extend to the twelve years. There was, there ore, no uecertainty, and the judges, in passing sentence, knew this and framed the sentences accordingly. The recommendation of the commissioners was that no lets than three-fourths of the sentence should be absolute, and that the remission ot the other fourth should depend on the good conduct of the convict. He thought the house would do well in act ing on that recommendation and adhering to the present system. The right hon. gentleman, in explaining a recommendation of the Royal Commissioners that tickets-of-leave should enable the holder to proceed beyond the limits of this coun try, said that a revokable license in its terms carried with it the necessity of limiting the convict by the terms of his licence to the jurisdiction within which that licence was given. Even if given to go to our own colonies, it would lead to remonstrances from our colonies against the principle. On the whole therefore it had not been thought possible to extend the limits of the licence. The bill would therefore recognise the existing state of things, and not make any alteration in the practice as regards tickets of leave. Fol lowing another recommendation of the commissioners, it was proposed that when a license was revoked the convict should undergo the whole term of imprisonment that he had yet to serve under his sentenee at the time the ticket of leave was granteci,instead merely of the time which was unexpired at the period of committing the offence, or in other words that the convict should begin where he left off. It was pro posed also to make certain breaches of the licence ognisable by magistrates, and punishable when of an inferior character by summary conviction, instead of remission to prison to serve out the remainder of the original sentence. Under the provisions ot the bill there would be no sentence of penal servitude for less than five years. It a ticket of leave holder committed an indictable offence the licence would be revoked, and if forfeited by a conviction the whole of the original sentence would be undergone from the date when the licence was granted ; if the breach of the licence was of a character cognisable by a magistrate, then the punishment would be summary conviction. The convict would oe called upon to produce his licence when required, and if he was suspected of a breach of his licence, then he would be apprehended, taken before a magistrate, and the case inquired into, and if coming within the magistrate's jurisdiction, the case would be punished by imprisonment, but in that case the conviction was to be reported to the Secretary of Stale for the Home Department, who would, according to his discre tion, revoke the licence or not. Another recommendation of the Royal Commissioners was to give to local magistrates the power of ordering the immediate infliction of corporal punishment in the case of prisoners guilty of insubordina tion in cenvict prisons. As the law at present stood, such Punishment could only be inflicted by the authority of the directors of the prison. As it was desirable, for the sake of example, that such punishment should take place at once, and as it was difficult to communicate with all the directors, he proposed to embody such recommendation in the bill, and give power for any two local magistrates to be called in, take evidence on oath, and exercise the power of ordering corporal punishment in the case referred to. The right hon gentle • wan concluded by moving for leave to bring in the bill. Mr. ADDERLEY submitted the scheme of the Govern ment to a rigid and searching scrutiny, contending that it was based upon an unsound principle, inasmuch as it pro posed to remedy the inefficiency of the existing law by fur ther extending a principle which had already failed. Tile right hon. gentleman stated several objections to the mea -1 sure, and laid particular stress upon the fact that it pre tended to embody the recommendations of the Royal com mission, whereas it omitted the most essential feature ot t hem. He would legislate so as to make punishment the sole object, an d t h e pun i shment s h ou ld b e prec i sel y un d er • stood by all, an d s h ou ld b e def i n i te, un i form, an d bi tter . H e would ebolish tick e t s o f l eave , and make the sentence liter ally coincide b e no aci llevi. t ti e on of the man's punishment in pun ' ishment to follow. There e: pt b prison promotion, class to a through not her, andindustry th e good condu c t, from one length of the sentence should never be abridged unless by the exercise of the Royal clez u n id cy. Let a measure of that i s t im c p:le and d intelligible kpuinndishbemepnatssweid);lldanhae be an effectual one. The misdeeds, Lord foread long the gaols, and, for would be fewer prisoners ible to all ; there the first time in this country be somethine like terror attached in o t r , h in is p i e d r i i n e d d , o t f there crimi nalwo u ld to the question of L o to rd the N punishmentAA S t houg t h . transportation to Western Australia, that the Government had come to a hasty conclusion, and th at a much larger ex . tension of the system might be adopted. eloreover, he believed that the inhabitants of the other Australian settle mentsi would became satisfied that that might be dune with out inflictin4 any evil upon them. The measure was also objectionable in not providing an adequate supervision by the police over ticket-of-leave men. In other respects it met with hia approval. Mr. WHITBREAD spoke in favour of the measure,:and argued that without stimulants to good behaviour on the part of the convict it would be impossible to keep eight hundred or a thou.and prisoners in order, and useless to hope for their reformation, and that the ticket-of leave system hsd not failed. Mr. CAVE discussed the general question of crime and its correctives in an able and interesting speech. Mr. C. FORTESCUE treated the subject from the Colo- nial-office point of view, and justified th 3 Government in not proposing any more extended system of transportation to Western Australia than the capacity of that colony ad mitted of. He thought that those prisoners who were sen tenced to long terms of imprisonment should receive a large portion of their sentences at home, and should only even- tually find their way to Australia as a boon, and as a mode of dealing with them at the end of their sentences ; in fact, that transportation should partake of the character of exile rather than anything else. He believed that the proposals of the Government would eventually satisfy both the inha bitants (4 'Western Australia and of the Australian colonies generally. Sir J. PAKINGTON said that as a memLer of the Royal commission, and feeling deeply interested in the sub ject, he wished to make a few remarks on the plan submitted .. . by the Government. Ha felt bound to admit that the right hon. gentl , man had evinced a desire to follow on , the re- commendation of the Royal Commission as closely as he fairly could, The right hon. baronet had referred to the act of 1857, and the causes which led to the change that then took place. He (Sir J. Pakington) had before re marked on the great jumps in the sentences from two years' imprisonment to seven years' transportation, and an inter mediate period was fixed upon, shorter sentences of penal servitude being substituted for seven years' transportation The right hon. gentleman said the commissioners had re ported unfavourably of the experiment. As one of the com mistioners he entirely concurred in the report. He thought that those short sentences had not answered well, and he had no idea that the criminal courts would have acted upon them to the extent that they had done. If the courts of justice would carry out their sentences in this spirit of lenity, it was a matter of minor importance what system of punishment the Government should adopt. He thought therefore that Government were correct in the course they had taken, and that at all events the term of penal servitude should be made longer. He would next advert to a most important topic, namely, the determination of the Govern ment to disregard the recommendation of the Royal Com mission on the subject of carrying out transportation to Western Australia on a greatly extended scale. lie was of opit ion that they could not look to Western Australia to carry out transportation, and he looked with anxiety to the agitation which had taken place in that colony on this subject. If there was a serious objection to carry ing out transportation in Western Australia by the colonists generally, it was the duty of the Government to concede to this objection; but it ought to be recollected that the greatness of Australia was to be dated to the ad vantages derived from convict labour. The cause of the cry against transpottation had arisen from :he great extent of emigration to Australia in connexion with the gold digging. But the views entertained by the colonists as regarded the introduction of convicts were exaggerated ones. Yet, al though he thought this circumstance had been greatly ex aggerated by the colonists of Australia, he still thought that the Government were right in concurring in the opinion expressed by the people of Australia on the subject, He begged now to observe that he was favourable to the prin ciple of the remission of punishment, as it was calculated to reform the convict, although this was in opposition to the opinion of the Lord Chiet Justice of England ; and he was therefore glad that the Government had retained in this bill the principle of remission of punishment, He, however, thought the remission of punishment ought to be accom panied by proper supervision of the ticket-of-leave convict. The right hon. gentleman then referred to the evidence of Sir Richard Mayne, in which that gentleman stated that he had told the police not to take cognizance el ticket-of leave men. This showed that supervision was clearly ob jected to by the head of the London police. The right hon gentleman the Secretary of State seemed not to concur in the course pursued by Sir Richard Mayne in this respect. Well, that might be so, but it was clear that the head of the London police had given the directions to which he had referred, and be (Sir J. Pakington) was now glad to find that the Home Secretary did not concur in this instruction to the police, for he (Sir J. Pakington) considered that they should have a system of supervision carried on by the police over the ticket aof-leave men. (Hear, hear.) Upon the whole he concurred in the general views taken on this subject by the right hon. the Secretary for the Home Department, and he would hereafter give the measure his most careful con sideration. Mr. CHILDE RS, after some remarks upon the system of transportation, the changes it underwent, its results and its failures, strongly insisted upon the repugnance enter tained by the Australian colonists to transportation, and their desire to see it come to an end, so that the whole of that continent should be settled by free people. Mr. NEW DEG 4, 7 T E combated these views of the Australian colonist, and urged the injustice of their refus ing to one of the colonies means it desired of augmenting its resources by convict labour, He repudiated the idea that,at the dictation of any body of its colonists, this country should be deterred from seeking an outlet for its criminals for the benefit of its colonists no less than for its own benefit. After a few observations by Mr. MARSH, Mr. WALPOLE compared the scheme proposed by the Government with that propounded by the right hon mem ber for Staffordshire (Ur. Adderley), and confessed a pre ference for the former. In reference to the subject of granting tickets-of-leave, he observed that men in all stages and conditions of life were operated upon by the encourage ments ot hope and the dete ring effects of fear ; and he re minded the house that, if they only offered fear and deniett the pleasure of hope, they would only debase the prisoner and turn him out of prison a worse man than he was when he went into it. He deplored the opposition of the southern and eastern colonies of Australia to a system ot transportation, and hoped that the difficulties on that point might still be overcome. He attributed the increase of crime in 1861 and 1862, in Ireland, to the failure of the Crops, and in England to commercial pressure; but as that increase of crime was concurrent with the diminution of sentences to penal servitude to three years, ho be lieved that the increase of the minimum punishment from three to five years, as proposed by the Government, would have a good effect in reducing the number of crimi nals. As to the remi,sion of sentences, he suggested that, instead of the convict being under the supervision or espionage of the police, he should be permitted to return to a known place of abode, and should report himself privately to the police if he left that place during the time his condi tional licence lasted. The last point was a difficult one ; but when a prisoner out upon his conditional licence. by com mitting a new offence, abused the Crown's mercy towards him, he ought to be made to undergo the whole of the punishment which had been remitted (Hear, hear.) Upon the whole he could not but give his cordial approbation to the bill which had been introduced that night. (Hear.) But we ought, in his opinion, to obtain some penal station near to England, to which the worst criminals could at once be sent, and treated with a severer punishment than that now inflicted on the public works. That was not a matter of legislation, but ot regulation on the part of the G worn ment. That, superadded to the provisions now proposed, would make the system as good as it could be proved, and make it more efficient in deterring criminals from crime, while it did not exclude the principle of reformation. After a few words in reply from Sir G. GREY, Ile motion was then agreed to, the bill read a first time, and ordered for a second reading on Monday week. THE METRIC SYSTE NI OF WEIGHTS AND ME AbURE 3. Mr. W. EWART obtained leave to bring in a bill to render permissive the metric system of weights and measures. The house adjourned at twelve o'clock, RELIGION OF THE IRism—The Census of Ire land in 1861 found in that country 4,505,266 Roman Catholics 693,357 persons belonging to the Established Church, 523,291 Presbyterians, 45.399 Methodists, 4,532 Independents, 4,237 Baptists, 3,695 Quakers, 393 Jews, and 15,666 of various other persuasions. The number 01 persons belonging to the Established Church is ratber less than the population of the diocese of Lincoln. Or the Roman Catholics five years old and upwards 45 . 8 per cent. could neither read nor write, of the Established Church 16 per cent., 11 . 1 per cent, of the Presbyterians, 9 par cent. of the 'Methodists, 6.8 of the Independents, 9 2 of the Baptists, 4.1 of the Quakers. Many persons described themselves as belonging to communions little known to the outside world There were 2,756 Covenanters —there were Kellyites, Darbyites, Walkerites,and Morrissonians. The religion of two persons is described as " Palatine ;' one man puts down his religion as "self opinion," There are 7 " Old , Lights," and 18 " New Lights." There is a " Crow -1 wellian Protestant," but he stands alone. So does a "Positivist." There are 11 persons "of no particular sect," two "doubtful," one unbeliever, ono Atheist, and 72 point-blank " of no religion." [ADVERTISEMENT.] —Consumption, all nervous, bilious, liver, and stomach 3omplaints, is every stage, are only ag gravates and accelerated by drugs of every description, but perfectly curable by Du Barry's health restoring Revalenta Arabica. Food, as proved by thousands of cases which nazi been considered hopeless. We quote a few.—Cure No. 62,1114. i nisi Lange, 18 years of age, cured after the medical men had abandoned all hope of her recovery from the last stage of pulmonary consumption, with fearful cough, expectoration, exhaustion, spitting of blood, perspirations, hollow cheeks, emaciated to a sktleton. She is now, thank God, a perfectly healthy, blooming, fleshy girl.—N. Lange, Commissaire de Police. Cure, No. 45,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Fernley Surrey, of , hirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement. and partial deafness.—Cure, No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings. low spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cure, No. 54,816. & tie Rev. James l', Campbell, Faaenham, Norfolk, of indigestion and torpidity of the liver, which had resisted all medical reatment. In tins, Ilb, 28 Skl; 21b, 411 6d; bib. I is; 12ib, 225; 241 b 10s. Barry du Barry and Cf., No. 77, ttegent-street, London ; also For num and Mason; and all grocera and ehean.ta in every town of the United Kingdom. THE SCHLES WIG-HOLSTEIN WAR. from the Times Special Correspondent with the Danish Army.) DANISH HEADQUARTERS, SONDEREURG, ISLE OF ALSEN, Feb. 8. A week has barely expired since I landed at this place from Korsor and Cipenhagen, on my way to the headquarters of the Danish army, with a hope to be still in time to witness ••otne of the incidents of the fight for the D4nnewerk, and here I am, already, back again at the end of six days, after seeing the close of that fight. I was at Schleswig on Friday evening, the sth, somewhat disposed to lay.aside all expectation of any great events for the night, although there was a talk about a contemplated attack on the part of the enemy, when an artillery officer, with whom I had become intimate, acd with whom I had dined and sat after dinner that very day, name back after a few minutes' absence, and with an altered voice and under the strictest reserve told me that " the Council of War, upon receiving positive intelligence that the enemy had been that very day reinforced to the full extent of 35,000 men, had resolved upon the sudden abandonmett of the position of the D ,n -newerk and an immediate retreat upon Flensburg and Aleen. He asked my word of honour not to telegraph the sad ❑ews for the whole of that night, but it was a superfluous precaution ; the whole tele graphic establishment at Schleswig was already packed up in vans at the head of the retreating columns, and I since found the same measures had been taken at Flensburg and every where on the road till I came to this place, where I am assured all telegraphic communication with Eogland is inter• rupted, not only at Sonderburg, but at Copenhagen itself. I W 413 not the earliest, but certainly by no means the latest, to receive a hint of the inteneed back ward move of the Dentsh army. One of the briga diers in command placed himself at the head of his culuma at 10 o'clock in the evening with the full understanding that he was to march to the advanced posts at Fredericksburg and Bustrup, when, on the very ground, he received orders to take the road to Flensburg. Die surprise, the humiliation, the rage of the Danish officers may better be conceived than described. I did not see them breaking their sword biades on the ground, as I saw French officers do on the marble tables at the Milan cafes after the armistice and Peace of Villafranca, but the indigna tion of these Northraen, although less demonstrative, was no less heartfelt and genuine. Tney all asked, " why wes not the Denuewerk given up on the first summons by 'Wrangel it Denmark was not sufficiently strong to defend it with honour; and if there was a chance ofa generous, however ultiroateiy unsuccessful, resistance, why were we not at least allowed to strike a blow for that costly line of citadels; why were we made to quit the spit like a duellist who refuses to condescend to any reasonable apology before appearing on the ground, then ftes the ground just as the time has come when there can be noretreat witnout ignominy ?" They ailowed indeed that the line was too long, the defending army too small, the disproportion with the enemy tam great, and that by tarrying on their position the Danish army might have been taken in the rear by some of the Austro-Pruseians breaking throu h the line of the Schlei ; but all these difficuitees could and shou'd have been foreseen from the beginning, more than 10 day; ago. Nothing, since Wratigel'e intimation had been met with such bold defiance, had occurred to alter the position. Either that posi tion was too weak to attempt any defence whatever, or such defence should have been pushed up to tee broadest exigencies of honour, regardless of conse quences; the Daneewerk should not have been e iven up without at least some deed of arms worthy of the high respect with which the world had been taught to pronounce the name of that stronghold. The conduct of the Government and of the Com mander-in-Chief appeared to the Danes inexplica ble, and they thought that their warlike fame had been sacrificed to the pitiful shifts of a craven home policy or to the treacherous intrigues of a remorse less foreign diplomacy. I had nothing to fear for myself had I made up my mind quietly to await the arrival of the Austro- Prussians at Schleswig, but I was, in a certain man ner, attached as a correspondent to the Danish army, and made it a point of honour to follow its fortunes, wherever they might be. Ail the mines ut Potosi, I felt sure, could not at that pinch have helped me to a horse or a conveyance ; but the friendly captain, to whom I was already indebted if I ever got a chair to sleep in or a table to write at since I had come to headquarters, off:-red me a seat on his military eau, and I have been travelling with him ever since. Teey had given him the post of honour at the rear-guard, and it was past 10 when we set out with his battery on the rued to Flensburg. Tne weather had been soft and sloppy for the lasi five or six days at Schleswig, but the snow, which tad been falling in large sluggish flakes on Friday morning, began to gain consistency before we sat out in the evening; the wind rose, keen and boisterous, from the north-east, and at its very first blast the state of the atmosphere and the look of the country were changed as if by mag i c. The snow thickened and hardened on the ground, tlae road became smooth and bright as glass, horses and men slipped dread fully, and fell almost at every step. Nut ens horse in the whole Danish army was rough-shod that night—on the contrary, the shoes both of sad dle and draught horses were worn smooth b y the last five or six days' incessant march on muddy ground, and the progress of the army met with terrible bin drance at the outset. The wind W as SO chill auo violent, the melting snow in our flees was so baud .ng, that in spite of thy multitudinous wrappings I -nun found my seat in the open van intolerable, ano lighted, together with the motley crowd from thou .ands of vehicles (not two of which were covered) and took my place in the line of march by the sloe a nd was tramping along, now at the head, now at ail], who had also quitt ed his saddle o . n f e EH r Y ea b r ra o v f e h e i l s P baitery. It was not long before our march began to exhibit, on a small scale,some of the horrors of the famous retreat of the French from Moscow. The night was dark, the cold terrible ; the thermometer, I dare say, did not mark more than four or five degrees below the freezing point, but the chill in our veins told a very different tale, and the slipperiness of the road was perfectly awful. The snow, which was falling thick and fast at frequent intervals, lay in the fields three or four inches deep, and fringed the trees in the forests with the most picturesque fret work; but it was trodden to the thinnest layer by a ll the feet, hoofs, an d wheels of a whole host, till it glistened like i ce in the occasiona l g leam of some pale star, as one or two peeped out in the ski through the gips op e ned in the m a s s of clouds by the fitful blast. D ragoons , artillerymen , all who travel on saddle, were di s mounted, ev en led-horses were put to the direct exertions to keep their footing ; draught horses had to be held u p , and cannons, -issons, and ammunition or luggage waggons to be dragged by th e s heer streng th of men, whose read was zo steadier. Th e falling of men a nd beasts, the tr ac ki ng of wheels and t axletrees, was prodigious. It too k us an nine hours to go er the first Danish mile and a half (less than seven English) of ground. Morning broke upon us long nefore wu were half way between Schleswig and F.ensburg, End we reached the latter place about 4 o'clock p.n. on Saturday, having accomplished the whole d stance of 22 E...glish miles in 18 tio_ , uis Toe halt at Fiensburg was of only two hours. Soon after dark we were again t oilin g onwards in the direction of Kraseu and Gravenstein ; we in the latter pace at about 8 aon., after a second night rehearsing all the horrors of the previous one in au aggravated form, and only came to the end of our journey here at sunset last evening, after little less than 48 howl' unmitigated suffering. Tee outing wind, the drifting snow, the darkness, the slipperi ness of the roads, were th e sa:'; e throughout. out. Even at Sonderburg, even in t he streets and open places of the town and environs, where horses . had to be picketed aed the soldier s to lie by Omr side as they best could, men and catt le had to strive hard with the treacherous ground , they bad to weather the e turious storm as Heaves sent it, not a few of h t Kings who cursing to their hearts the rat.dness o must needs go to war and must Ilea de wage war in deep winter! I have touched, in a few words, and without the , 'EBR'C'ARY 19, 1864. least exaggeration, on the hardships aoci difficulties the Danish army had to contend with in its retreat, because I think, on the whole, that this retreat was effected in as admirable order es could be expected under the circumstances, and these brave troops evinced throughout a hardy spirit and a manly en durance above auy high praise that my poor pen could bestow upon it. We had not gone half a mile from Schleswig before we found a very heavy piece of siege artillery forsaken on the road. The eight horses which dragged it had become, owing to the state of the roads, as powerless as so many new littered kittens, and all the efforts of the men to share the work with them had proved unavailing. In the same manner, as we advanced on our dismal m arch, we, who were in the rear, came up with broken carriages, dismounted caissons, and horses fallen never to rise. Tae oh emotion to our progress was indescribable. We moved inch by inch ; it was one step, two steps, and a halt, and especially at night, as we approached some krog, or public house, the throng of convey. anted, especiaily of sutlers and other camp followers of every description, who insisted upon stoppingon the highway to feed their cattle, could not be broken through either by entreaty or menace, by love or force. Human se,fishness, improvidence, cowardice, could not fail to exhibit their most hideous features on tnis occasion as in other great calamitous occurrences. I passed wretches on the road, on the second night, who lay on the stones by the wayside, regardless of the snow that was cover ing them like a pall. I roused acme of them, trying to awaken them to their danger, but in vain, and went my way, shrugging my shoulders, speculat ing on the awakening which might or might not await them in the morning. How many may have perished by the cold, how many of the horses and how much of the materiel were left behind, I have to means to tell, but lam sure all was done that human valour and determination could achieve. Not a little coefusion indeed reigned during the night, but order came in the morning. The battalions et infantry marched steadily and compactly in their ranks ; the men, who in the midst of their suffer ings had no reason to complain of hunger, toiled on resolutely ; the houses, hospitably open to them on the road, did not lure them to unreasonably long delays. Whenever any delay or obstruction on the road occurred of any inconvenient length, the eight of an officer—the clear, sharp, ringing voice of my friend the artillery captain, for instance, who showed throughout an energy and strength of will ly indomitable—had on the few laggards all the effec►s of a trumpet. Up they Warted, ready and wiling, more instantly amenable to duty and subordination than any other troops I ever marched with. I have now seen regiment after regi ment coming in, not much the worse for their 48 hours' dreadful tear and wear. Most of the field pieces, also, have been safely conveyed to their new positions, though the same may not be said of some of the heaviest ammunition waggons. Gen. Wilster, who commanded at Frederickstadt, has been able to bring all his garrison to Sonderburg without the oss either of one man or horse, or even of any part of nis heavy siege train. In the midst of all this magic drama of the retrea from the Dannewerk occasional fleshes of comic in cideat were not wanting. The oddity of the head gear, the variety of :skull caps,hoods, wrappers, and blankets, with which every man strove to shelter himself frwm the wintry blast, .ccerding as his fancy suggested or his means afforded, gave the whole train a quaint, ludicrous appearance. The few awe who lay exhausted in the waggons, swathed and muffled, were covered with the thick tailing flakes till they looked like statues or snow-men, and alto gether there was something so ghastly and unreal in the whole mass of men and things that the state of my imagination, disturbed by long unrest, jumbled together the present with a distant past, and made me at times fancy I was moving along a train of masquerading carriages on an Italian torso, such a one for instance as I saw last year at Turin just a twelvemonth ago, only the procession was silent and not gay, so that it was rather the ghost of a mummery than the thing itself. I saw burly officers of a fine dragoon regiment, men who are tight as birds when in the saddle, but who have no more legs than the Queen of Spain is supposed to have—l saw them, I say, blundering and stumbling along the road the wrio.e way, put flog and panting, tumbeiog also occasionally (I aed myself two rattier heavy falls on. the villainous hard ice) —and swearing rather savagely at the unwonted, and to them unendurable mode of loco motion ; but here they were at dinner last evening safe and whole, all of them laughing at the sore trial t hey had to submit to in tteeir 48 hours' stroll, and not a little vain, in their heart of hearts, at the feat which they had, r illy, been able toaccomplish. The Austrians, we were told, only entered Schles wig at 4 o'clock in the morning of Saturday ; but it was not. long before they gave chase, and we had them in our rear before we were ten miles on our way. They met, however, with not a few of the difficulties we had to contend with, and although we hear of frequent skirmishes on the whole of the long and wide line of retreat, still I have not been able to obtain certain informetion of any serious engage ment except at a place called Bilschau Krug, at about four miles from Flensburg, on the very road we had followed from Schleswig, where two regi ments of infantry, the Ist. and 11th, with two field pieces, under Colonel Beck, commanding the Ist Regiment of Foot, came into collision with a widely superior force cf Austrians—who had, we are told, 16 cannon with them—and made good their groune for some time, twice attacking the enemy with the bayonet, but falling back at last, after suffering severe losses, especially in officers. All the staff of one of the companies of the Ist Regiment was left on the well contested field. The main part of the Danish army is now concen trated here, relying on tne natural strength of tnis see-girt little island, and on toe on , works at Duppel wnich guard the only approaches to the narrow Sound on the mainland. The enemy is close on their track, and at the moment I am writ. ing I hear the hurrahing of the various detach ments, which are marching to the outposts in the expectation of a brush with the Austrians. It is rather cdd that so little should ever be heard of the Prussians. With the exception of their first not veil' , successful attack on Missunde on Tuesday last, the troops of that nation have hardly been seen or heard of anywhere at the front, and all the toil and honour of the campaign seems to have been left to the Austrians, in whom the Danes recognise worthy adversaries, while they speak of their Pres- Sian foes with contempt. Altogether, I do not believe any army in the world could have behaved more honourably under so great a variety of untoward circumstances than the D ,nes have done in this unfortunate retreat. Should any chance be effered them of retrieving their losses by any trial at all amounting to fair fight, I nave no doubt they will acquit themselves to the fullest credit, and if the Austrians or Prus sians choose to employ all their overwhelming strength against this position of Alsen, where their vast superiority of numbers will avail them less, they may find out the. the Danes are not as easily dislodged as it seemed good to their leaders that they should be at the Dennewerk. The whole population along the road, and even at Flensburg, gave proof the utmost sympathy with the toiling and suffering troops. Every door was open ; food and assistance of every description were everywhere at hand, a proof either that the Danes are not. so implacably hated by their Schleswig sub jects as their German friends describe them, or that the kindliest feelings of humanity had got the better of political animosity. CRYSTAL PALACE.--ONE ►SHILLING DAY, Thursday, Feb. 18.—Admissions on payment, 938; ditto season tickers, 863—total visitors, 1,861. LA.DVERTISEMENT.I—HoIIoway's Pills.—This purifying and regulating medicine should ()mid , inally be had recourse to during foggy, cold, and wet weather. These Pills ar k , the best preventives of hoarseness, sore throat, diphtheria, pleurisy. and asthma, and are sure remedies for congestion, bronchitis, and inflammation. Moderate attention to the directions around each box will enable every invalid to take the Pills in the most advantageous manner. .1 hey can thus be taught the proper doses, and the circumstances under which they must be increased or diminished. H o t. l o w A y's Pills act as a:teratives, aperients, and tonics. ' Whenever these Pills have been taken as the only resourc e , the results have always been the most gratifying, even when they fail to cure, they always assuage the sevaity of symptoms and diminish danger. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMEs.-- . -The Americans are beginning to look a, their financial policy in a new light. Toe Federal House of Representatives has actually entertained a proposal to raise by taxation a sum equivalent to our entire revenue. It is true that the idea has not yet taken any practical shape, and we should think it exceedingly doubtful whether the expectations which it implies could ever be realised, but at any rate it marks a new conception of circumstances end obligations. Hitherto the proceedings of the Americans have been so strangely contrasted with our own methods of finance that we could but look with am ,zement upon the operation of a doctrine so novel. It seems to be understood that the Fe deral States will require for the ordinary and ex eraordinary expenses of their G tvernment during the ensuing financial year a sum of money amount ing, in our currency, to at least £180,000,000. T it is calculated, may cover all outgoings on account of civil, military, and naval administration ; but tt includes no provision for the interest of the na tioatil debt. That item is reckoned et £11.000,000. though the rate of interest actually current has re cently been made matter of active controversy atnorg economists in this country. However, we may assume for the purpose of our present remarks that Mr.Cnase must provide a gross sum of £190,000,00 0 for the requirements of the financial year. How is all this money to be raised P Mr. Chase understands as well as Mr. Gtandstone the various expedients at the command ef a financier. It is competent to him, as he knows, to adopt in any proportions any or a n of three great courses. He may raise money by Cus toms, by Excise, or by an Income Tax, and he pro poses, it seems, to press all these instruments into nis service. But there is this singularity about his prac tice—that, whereas he places the heaviest burdens exect.ly where we should place the lightest, he does not by all his proposals together profess to raise any thing like the amount which the Government wit' require. After acknowledging that £190,000,00 0 will be wanted, he proceeded to explain a actietne of taxation from which he expects at the outside a pro duct of only £45 000,0000, thus leaving more than three-fourths of the needlul sum to be procured in some other manner. This enormous residue, it is unnecessary to say, he intends to burrow ; so that, in fact, the essence of his budget is a gigantic loan, completely eclipsing. all other sources of revenue On these principles the whole finance of America reso;ves itself into a system of living on borrowed money, It Mr. Chase is te borrow £145,000,000 cut of £190,000,000, there really appears very little rea son why he should not take the whole sum on loan at once, and save himself and the people all the vexa tion of tales. At this conjuncture, however, the House of Representatives instructs the Committee of Ways and Means to inquire into the expediency ot so increasing the duties on foreign and domestic articles of luxury as to make them yield a sum of £70,000,000 a year. If such a measure could be successfully carried out, it would effect little less than a revolution in the Federal system of finance. Hit herto, the Americans, though so prodigal in their expenditure, have raised comparatively little by taxation, and next to nothing by any taxes except Custome. Last year Mr. Chase calculated on ob taining £14,000,000 from Customs, £25,000,000 from Excise duties, and about £6,000,')00 from la come Tax; so that his whole regular revenue would have amounted to some £45,000,000. But his esti mates were not realised. l'he Customs did not yield the produce expected from them, but the Excise produced only some £6,000,000 or £7,000,000 in stead of £25,000,000 and the returns of the lecome Tax are sti 1 unknown. Nor have these disappoint ments induced Mr. Cease to reconsider his policy. for he has proposed to do no more this year thee raise the sum of £45,000,000 by the same meats and in the same proportions, bat, as be hopes, with more complete success. Altoget her, as we have said. he would only raise by taxation a quartet of' the re yeeue quired for the needs of the State, and then borrow al t the rest. The Imbeme now suggested, hough it is silent on the vital question or direct taxation, proceeds upon the principle of meeting expenditure by taxation o f s o m e kind, and no( mainly by loans. If carried successtuny into exe cution, it would provide for nearly half ttre outgo ings of the year from a re gutar yearly income, and would Leave proportionately less to be raised by norrowing. In fact, it would bring the ordinary revenue oft he Federal States up to some £BO 000 : 000 a year—a resp:ctable contribution from people ac customed to provideon ly £15,000,000 er£16,000,000. The question is on what principles or by wrest con siderations Mr Chase's policy has been hitherto recommended. It is a policy diametrically oppose, ro all the principles of finance recognised by modern economists, and especially to such as are most ardently advocated by the admirers of Americen in stitutions in this country. Protective teriffs end ruinous loans are its principal features, white scarcely any attempt is made to raise revenue by direct taxation. It is of course uaturel to supp ete that Mr. Chase knew the temper of nis countrymen. and shaped his policy accordingly. He and his coi leagues may have seen that an expenditure was re quired for the purposes of toe war so large as to be tar beyond the scope of any ordinary budget. A people unaccustomed to taxation, acound habituited to ardty be ex budgets of £15,00 0 , 000 a year, ld h oected, perhaps, to contribute on a sudeen sou e £200,000,000 from their own porlets, and there was the less reason for pressing them in this respec . inasmuch as they enjoyed the singular re source o untouched public credit. America :.ad no netiona: debt, and was therefore at liberty to incur ttls obligation in place of oppressing herself by burdens intolerable at. the moment. We cannot but imagine that these were really the views which prevailed with President Lincoln's Government, and to some extent, indeed, we must regard them as sound. Ao attempt to increase tenfold the immediate taxation of the people would probably have produced, if not resistance to the Government, at least opposition to the war, and it may well have seemed a more judi cious policy to draw upon the rich fund of public credit intact and available. Bat still it is extraor dinary that this fund should have been absorbed with so little hesitation, and with such very little relief from present taxation—nor can we omit to mention that the whole system is characterised by some American writers, not as a makehift or ne cessity under extraordinary circumstances, but as the expression of an admirable financial policy absolutely transcending all systems at work in the Old World. According to these expositions the wealth and productiveness of the country are suc cessfully preserved by Mr. Chase's plan of opera tions, and the result will be that the nation, after carrying on a war of incredible costliness with scarcely &sensation of pressure, will find itself upon the conclusion of peace, not exhausted and impove rished tis Great Britain was in 1815, but abounding in means and money, and able consequently to eietair or liquidate its debt without the slightest officulty. If these curious doctrines contain any ruth, the new scheme will do leather harm that , good. We need hardly say that we regard the measure now proposed as based on sounder views. but between the inquiries of a committee into e !system of taxation and the actual realisation of revenue from the taxes discussed there is a very wide interval indeed. Moreover, it appears doubt• tut in the extreme whether so large a sum as £70,000,000 could ever be obtained from the .ources in question. We 'are not told bow toe harden is to be distributed between Customs and Inland Revenue; but, if the division is to be equal. Customs must produce £35 eOO,OOO a year, instead of £14,000,000, and Excise £35,000 000, instead ot £7.000,000. Can these results be secured, and from taxes on luxuries only P We are certainly told that the Americans are living most sump tuously, but the description applies principally to the great cities of' the Nor h-E tst, and the pro sperity which suggests the extravagance is known to be hollow. There is a slight foundation for so heavy a su o erstruc:ure. Sooner or later the Ame ricans must discover the re al weight of their uteri getions, and this resolution of the House of It,t pre sentatives indicates a serious apprehension of the irute and a desire to confront the cl . ffieulty. We fear, however, that when the day of reckoning actually arrives a tax upon luxuries will be found utterly inadequate to meet the accumulation ot demands. t im he po m r i t n a o n r t G no e , r e m a a d n d s re t e a s t e e d s m by us A t u h st a r v is e —The and Prussia the effect. of bringing to an issue the States Co which has virtually, if not ostensibly, agitated uesi for n souse time past the two sections of the Confederation. rrt" Diet has submitted to touch at the hands of the great Powers, but it remains to be whether it l seen will allow its authority to bc. , p oled. When the majority of the representatives'eompetelysuti;eFrsrank i sten. Frank tort refused to insist On the eke of Aug, u _ burg's withdrawal from the Duchies, and rejected the Austro-Prus sian proposal for making the inva sion " _ of Schleswig contingent on the non - susp ension o the Constitution of November, Austria and Prus -Bif disregarded the Federal decision, marched their troops through Holstein, obliged the pretender to leave Kiel, which he had made his head quarters, and ineeded Schleswig on the ground of toe non compliance of the Danish Government with the do. mends made on it in respt et, to the obnoxious Con stie.ution. In all this the Diet, though with no good grace, quietly acquiesced. Schleswig having been occupied by the allied armies, another blow was directed against the authority of the Diet by the Prussian Commander-in Chief. Without any previ ous communication with the Diet, and in defiance of the protest of the Federal Commissioners, he garrisoned the principal towns in Holstein with Prussian troops. This, however, was an indignity to which the mej9rity in the Diet could not be eX pected to submit. Several of the minor States ad dressed their protests to the Council of Frankfort ---- ' -----".-F-..--.'.."-- nst the violation of Federal territory, en d 5 committee was :appointed to inquire into and yet (woo the -,cts cornpleined of. Pending the decision, nowever, the great Powers have now gone a ste farther, and, not content -Al with °couling Bob stein with their own troops, have demanded lbe; with of those which constitute the gig °_,,` the Confederation. This is in effect the substall! of the note addressed by Austria and Prussia to thl minor Powers. Looking oil the Salon and fiati°: veriaa troops in the light of a Federal reserve, aph: assuming that their forces constitute, iti tru th ' t t . Federal army, they state that there is no I ng; ,ny necessity for such a reserve. They Wil l the •d . etves take s core that execution is properly seemed oat,and, should a reserve be subsequently lc necessary, IfsaPPlYing it. Sach is the nature of the be 1 . o 1 ow made by Austria and Prussia on the to p i n e v r e e r s B p ' Ottilse we h t s c h ; utieslti will : From the course now taken by ti:e great Oernlao iii;ds 0 , 0 of t ts not only apparent that hies lateen to o" P the he Duchies as to them seems best, but 'bat'i, is ,node of di:position n which they have ree°'',',,.he -:ot one which they believe will find faviury'',o; iallwablet glcietun ego !it,ttle c wers,i; -__Ves of the lesser Sates. Whether Atistrl, ot,e restore Prussia in end to abide by the .['tea y o I rt 0 the Duchies to the King of Deat t36 or .non as he shall hove mad certain concession:lo whether they intend to retain [Wu themeicrooy ct , er that they do not propose to aropt f ba o nor he leg as the national programme. 'ineottleir . Po wers have, however, for some titne suspect:, oes, intentions, and have gone so far as to org1„ oriel sures to frustrate them. At the instauce of .‘, ot os aGeoonference between the Ministers of the rpoote Governments of that kingdom, S=On,Y' baelt Wurtemberg, the two Hesses, and B log! ;ode summoned to agree upon a course of tiottr e u ,oote n• b ens of t he recognitioa of the Duke °f P"; 01 tni ___u ) rg being disallowed by the other metsbe fl,oieh y_ ontedera,. ion, or the dibmembermeot of toe '-ririoo of naechy not being effeeted 11 the iinel'ePdoo3. $0 fa the Duchy of Schleswig from anal kil II D er r as tae States are concerned Wbieb : o f Or -ented to accept the above-mentioned blt reopeoV feet-nee, no ds'-tense of opinion can still o f potel domesticrigid discipline—Federal execution We do not d into tfifct by them in Hoisteio.,, 000014 supposeb that there are any W" ( 3 , t :i 6 opere i/I:',-0 delieve4 when the Federal Cortlint'a 0014 7p.itched to Holstein that it has l, s hoo' r the mai„rity of the Diet that t o il cot' only tempi-in-ally :administer that Darbluioti P 4; taro grievances were redressed by brheelaPafento bOti but ta when we notice the course Wei-- attack Tlitig the ken it is impossible to avoid being, liti Dotoare was serious disadvanteges under villlfi thr°lg a ..ro. placed by her accidental relatiotlel pet) ,Holstein, with the GermanicConfederatttititdgebifet was compelled to counsel the® vacuation°, lothin t 6 ,ebecame. Federal execution was as act fork f', obligedtgttimste powers of the Diet, and m e ; o f Fis c p to accede to that advice fortheas ne, i herself in the right in the eyes of Vire' i‘ 0 neither England d th 6 nee ' nor Denmark belie/e-1, to oe4 ttrhaet,intention of the Confederation sithP'iroreetc!io the province, and the Ger Man r°vdeeoigeltiot took the the trouble of veiling their ulterior .40104 decentin at disguise. Now, however, a ll co . P he i iii o bJ v A L Powers of the Confederation, the Diet iti oiSea upon vrtu to direct that the Duchy which vi3it iette,cl, ' , Lek nt e t w o l f da ministerial ac;-, PIK, ' cll f i l , 4e iel , 5 ; 1 , is ged the sovereigoty of tilt! voe. 1: 0 s o shall be e -one 0,. handed over te an POP ..reeide 4 ~Bavaria,f t the objects with which,under theil,iiies _":„ several a meeting of the represtrceocette; Tae of the Gem", states has b ee , beeo od Seh lesw ig- Holstein question b e 0 00 ` i t i u fruitful of comp ;cations, teat We eitPf did wriperhiseo_at the discovery of the sillgu ;2000 i° 0 4 I' necessity must arise, not so Aopoil of .1 h t 0 1 u ce garde the mode, but as to the rig-- yol- , it , of the two ea dole° . 01" mes. The u-- I . It ere p German y decieres that the .1-.°llyeot Ilbar°,ol‘, so' übl same united, and must ;Wrested anY 131,003 Dee:010. fate. But. although ,'"ifereet P"tioo, he ' H I s ere at the present IDOlnent in diCOOrefjerslict/9 whereas rein is in the pessession of Or , i f 0 P r° ,,citi e Sc' leswig is in the positleh he ir cor e t ie ~."..suuered by Austria and Prussis to %l ot , ho c t to v t ot E te riope" Powers. '['he Cooteder;d, 01503 n the disposal of Schleswilr Atettl ~, of the extent . ..., „r or, of their votes in the PI; too W it 00 Prussia H ,iste.are powerless to deterftleforced "°.le" the in. That this difficulty bae 6o t 0 / 4 0 10 attention both of the greater 0 $ it rile' tbit itis German. Powers is apparent foto tliedifoeoltiotior in order to get rid a this ~0 0 th e oir elf Austria ...,,w, and Prussia have called orl-toptel° 00 comported rs to withdrew the Federal reeer goes ewe t e bo u eed of S Aron and Haeoverittot'ito ilte t oed ob'ect °°37 of Holstein; and it i 6, tote 1"Ggfgel;le01 tol that some of the Weser SatB',„tiog iesssi the Diet the expediency a &onto iso!cli oof (~.t roopst e into Schleswig. Sate,thell 19 4 !sou' po t to sere:D .nteGerman diep ft;P:l t : ore obitioil that the despoilers of Dento3rloB dier wrangle of the booty. COUNTB,Y 11--r°" , ..-- , -- ...... -- 00 1L ' 0. ,, 0 mANcHESTR--Vnh.' iith • : An averageattendance tod °rigeet ; In l limited demand. at market,i.,.Ooy vi , 0 1, I , at the currency 1107 Oa! eit i per„aill instances is declined 2d per qr less money. °rep, iie° ta st e ' et lower. ~asper ioolb. Flour negle! sod e ot 0 pot c ., .y and oatmeal w ere lint el ! oed la. nged in price. Indian corn declie and beaus a dull sale at former rates. ....------ l e t ; a rtA l'oh tio BIRMINGI-1101---Tll'l,eof Etlit j i th e t‘ id This ' _s_. morning there was a fair stipPq -riceeo erl'ertoti, s a e ,rl o to effect sales a reduction u pon dibegiitted,:i Iti,,d again o ight in some casts had to be so to Pio beaper. Oats, beans, and , 1 6 1 for slitiof, 0 ,0 to 4is —English wheat was sold at 405 to s 4% , / r e, 9 Ar, 40s Per 36 stone for red. 13ar1e1,,40, 0101 or per qr ; grinding 240 to 280 tor 3800 per 30 stone; Irish, ' s 4 J 3 " -- ' 18 to 2 e. Peas, 36s to 4. 2s per 36 stone. „.„1,t,,./ liiii. .-.------ ~i.tots„ r„.. BURTON-ON-TEENT---3P.0, bet 110 There was a fairattendance of the t r to s in • a 41o t ° f change prices. „chest, ...590 ~ 0 0 Old white h w-eat 4- 44 o'cl red.' ...los V New do. ''esto , s ,' _ do. „ li e 44s to 475 P ev, ..,,.. .34 Malting barley. .' - 3-e to`3Be Oets."' i.,.• Grinding d *- . -o.• • „ „Vs to 320 I Bey '... i. /. .--------. ir, d 00 ,1000 0 , r BRISTOL--Tglia9P',l i, 0° 0 . AP There was a fair show of Wheat to - 'lOOO egts slow at a decline of is per ar oreig° Isdio° almost unsale b - . Itared. a le. Barley nue 11_4. beans no • mina. Oats in limited req e. 4 61 I . ......." i 00, 11i jo b li r EDINBUROII 011P14roset, 1 ,0 0 ; 4 poi slow Dale there was a large de r last °•teoeg'e Pie ree sale' at is Pee qu under Diet avoios orii ley sold slowly , but 6d o i ls per quArtert" t ford ofr iNts 132 , -t a iittlitteil A 6 3 0 ..... ready sale for fine cl- oe ijo beans as before veal to il. et Wheat on the top is 6d d0wn•..... $ rage bl 0 0 01 Barley on the top Os 6d down ••• • ' . aveo es 0 Oats on rho top 6d up_•, ' • .0070ise Oe 91 Beans on the top 4 Od ** .•..... .... $l3 9°l til up ........ • ..•',331 Ave. age Pricea• ~"' ~,' Wheat.. .......... 348 9d I ()ate..." ~..• Barley .. Od 1 Besa a ' . ............. .37e 3 g r '' Total Supply na a silo 94 r. 014, Wheat........ 1705 qrs ...... •'sola ar e ll:„ , Barley. • ...... 1483 qrs ...... " 501 cl P r 'fie ,Ir.D, pd Oats ........ 2951 qrs ..... • • 'sold J o e 0 1 " 8ean5........ 292 q rs... ••• • ' o d ; e$ Flour sells es follows :-- whites, 410 of og superfine, 3sOd ; fine, 35s tel. e, ,„., ife° , 00 . ' rio PAYl"dp 1 d ° ,0 14 Persons who have neea in the h 41,'L 0 0 tO I' , 1 P," 0 borrowers of Sewing Machina Will 4° , 0 t uvi „,(At:f 0,-001 and become membe of . Messrs. Via",, t ot u'A 0 1 0 ,', o tiP rs hey v"" t til" Dr' le Machtue Clubs. Be so doing t tit ti of, bet 1 0 led A l i, money they now foolishly throat a i 00 0 0 , 0 Ol secure to thems,lVeB the posseoioa 0.13 e voriwde.:oo, most celebrated sewing raaohit.el le t o r 045, I re 0' form.tion given on applic,ation; or 11 . e d Cs'' v eto a stamped etiveloe Itessrs. Watts e re pit ee d s, buiidings, strand, Lo ndon , W.C . • /1 . 11 . 0 , to $ 13 , ,,,e 6ateraiti rolled daily beiween 10 and 4; I. of CIF -- -------- Oita hi Birtho. bo . , A IderShSt' t OP t nod P, the 17th inst. , IP 4-• .eeet• P l ' i Aiteri+, E..E, ot a daughter. „fa, 10 ' BLossu —Oa the 15tb inst., at lieeE%-, ~ Lady Harriet Lynch Bless°, of al au „ 00000 Oil. Neavar' Oil. MAssT —Oa the .sth inst.. at th e toe, Lady Lucy Massy, of a Oh at iptle VANDEUSPAR- On the 171 h Wit.. lts Louis Vanderspar, E-q., o f aOP i 0 11 , Al' .ol PlarriageS o t 1 ,0 . dg , ar iist*,: toed, Y Y.lOl IleaNvere—Wevies.--On tbe 1"1./h e;seeleteetre Langharn- plaeo, Samuel .134rit:_ oere„-001 ' 60 Weeks eldest daughter o f .1,1 re,.54,, O r, fo tt lie granddaughter of Bdward IloWo L, o t St., Aelo. Barnet. ot h inotlion. "rto% IlittisTlAN--P001,r.--On the . „..0,4 , so London, Francis Christian, ot P'l.cceri t or h pole, - third daughter o f J coop tr . Yr" square, London. Deaths , pronlifill / h flOt.s Si' l'tbe fifit CA ens, the lit ,1,00,101011 Oh dens, Kensiwirtee, L:eut.-I,e, fide' otit' 2d Regt, aged 64. ~. at Ells - i ll o CnnesTlE.---0a the 16t h inste e sB4.' oilt John a Chrystio, Esq. _anie, Chees I Cie CH,EsE —On tell loth insti;irJ go ,' 66. biotite: O il ingdon Cour, eretords t :iioito po °Ob. .4, HA.w,..--On the 16th inst.,. ~ , ,,.0 eert w. B. Hall, R.N., ag.e4irgr, W. PI or f I r r e J 041sTEIL,-." On the 161 h ¢1 . ,___,./, 0 ,ilit office, rall-roall, aged * • .t vologouar. ju• On the 16th l o st . , pul ler, Edo' P- Pt/LlSit.--- _..., ~. _ odes A Cbriotopher Wllliat. fordshire, aged 57. is 011" so, London: l'rtl4d socl Fe:A.OO It 011;11s"5" ftre0;,..,,1f 41 of Na 11.2, Strand. Printer.. e_e , : 0 ttt Strand. in the Precinct oi _to ;rbifiii, rgbrilUY T'Rt 1 14 01 )1 4 e tMU t T i , lie ll'lllt lit on ir,„„ iat • ti p▪ i i 2 the t 5k1,1, i io 1 -hlot at C'tl t, I Li , topb 114