The Sun. — London, England, 1864-11-08 00:00:00

The North London Industrial Exhibition. to sea. It is clear that no effective opposition was offered by any of the Brazilian men-of-war, or by the harbour forts, though " Voyageur'' adds that the Wachusetts was fired on by the latter as she stood out. Some two hours later the Brazilian Admiral gave chase in a smaller steamer, his own flagship being a sailing vessel, but the Florida had by this time got her steam up, and pursuit was of course useless. The indignation of the Brazilians at this gross insult to their neutral hospitality is described as intense. The exequatur of the United States' Consul, who had opportunely gone to sea in the Wachusetts, was at once withdrawn by the Governor, and the arms of the Consulate itself were torn down by the people. The great body of mer chants at Bahia at once signed a document, in which they emphatically denounce the conduct of the cap• tain commanding the Wachusetts as an open defi ance of international law, and charge the Consul with a direct breach of faith. This remonstrance was forwarded to the New York Chamber of Com merce, with an earnest request that they would appoint a committee to investigate the matter before adjudging to the captors the reward of 500.000 dots., for the sake of which this outrage is believed to have been committed. We are bound to presume not only that this request will tueet with attention, but that the Government and citizens of the United States will hasten to repudiate the nefarious act done in their name. Most aggressions on neutral rights, such as the pursuit of a flying enemy within the jurisdiction of a neutral State, have some kind of excuse, whether in authority or usage, but we cannot even conjecture what defence can be set up for this. The United States have invariably claimed the absolute inviolability of neutral territory, and the American text books of international law are full of the most dogmatical assertions of this prin., ciple. One of the most recent of these, which bears the name of Halleek on its title-page, recapitulates the law on this subject with great force and clear ness. "The armed cruisers of belligerents, while within the jurisdiction of a neutral State, are bound to abstain from any acts of hostility towards the sub jects, vessels, or other property of their enemies; they cannot increase their guns or military stores, or augment their crews, not even by the enrolment of their own countrymen; they can employ neither force nor stratagem to recover prizes or to rescue prisoners in the possession of the enemy; nor can they use a neutral port or waters within neutral jurisdiction, either for the purpose of hindering the approach of vessels of any nation whatever, or for the purpose of attacking those which depart from the ports or shores of neutral Powers. No proximate acts of war, such as a ship stationing herself within the neutral line, and sending out her boats on hos tile enterprises, can in any manner be allowed to originate on neutral territory, nor can any measure be taken that will lead to immediate violence." We owe our readers some apology for re-entering upon ground already familiar to most in connexion with the Alexandra case, but this summary may at least serve to remind them how far beyond the extreme pale of international law the Wachusetts placed herself by cutting an enemy's ship out of a neutral port. Had the Florida, for instance, actually sailed from Bahia, the Wachusetts could not have followed her till after the lapse of 24 hours without infring ing the law of nations. To attack her by night in the harbour, and that after a solemn pledge had been given that neutral rights should be respected, was neither more nor less illegal than it would have been to kidnap Mr Mason in the streets of London. The plea thst was urged by Lord Ashburton and admitted by Mr Webster in the very dissimilar case of the Caroline— that of "a necessity of self-defence, instant, overwhelming, leaving no choice of means, and no moment for deliberation," was here conspi cuously wanting, and we cannot believe that the Federal Government will condescend to make use of it. It may possibly be alleged that the Consul was carried off against his will by the captain of the Wachusetts, who is likely enough to claim the whole credit and responsibility of the exploit, and it is to be feared that some of Mr Barnum's coun trymen may chuckle over its shameless audacity. But the New York Chamber of Commerce has a character to lose, and unless we are greatly deceived will scruple to forfeit it by rewarding or Justifying a crime so utterly subversive of confidence bet wean neutrals and belligerents. POST.—The treaty which marks the termination of thaDano-German war, and which formally ratifies the dismemberment of the Danish monarchy, has at length been signed. The Canference at Vienna has ended its labours, and the fruits of its negotiations has received the official stamp of the several repre sentatives of which it was composed. Denmark has been stripped of no inconsiderable portion of her dominions, The Duchies have been finally separated from the kingdom, and that niost intricate of all diplomatic puzzles, the Schleswig-Holstein tines. tion, has been disposed cf for ever. The suit has been tried out, judgment recorded, and execution eeforced, and nothing remains but for the defeated litigant to reconcile himself with what grace he may to the loss which he has sustained. Considered in its details, the treaty, which we publish in our columns to-day, furnishes nothing which calls for special comment. It differs in no material respect from the programme submitted by the German Powers as the basis of negotiation when an armistice was agreed upon some months since. Austria and Prussia at that time frankly told Denmark what it was that they required, and the latter had no choice but to assent. The German Powers had conquered the Duchies—they therefore demanded that their right to retain them should be formally recognised by their previous possessor. The inferiority of ttx., aggressors at sea had enabled the Danish crutiere to capture several German merchant vessels, and accordiegly the restoration of these captures, or compensation for the property destroyed or alienated, was demanded by the Powers which con sidered themselves aggrieved. Tuis was the pith of the requisitions made by Austria and Prussia, and the treaty proves that they have not been made in vain. Everything that the Germans have taken they are permitted to keep, everything that they have lost will be restored to them. The cir cumstances which mark the close of the war are in every respect on a footing with those which distinguished its commencement. It is now, as it was then, for Germany to demand and for Den mark to comply. The ostensible reasons for the invasion of the Duchies were shifted with each succeeding day to meet the constantly varying relations in which the belligerents stood to each other, and now the formal instrument which gives peace to Denmark expressly recognises in her Sove reign rights, the disallowance of which was neces sary to furnish even the shadow of a pretext for the invasion of his dominions. The troops of the Cone federation entered Holstein, and those of Austria and Prussia entered Schleswig, because the as sumption of the sovereignty in those Duchies by Christian IX. was deemed an act of usurpation. Now, however, that the usurper has been ejected, his rights are unreservedly admitted by his aggres sors for the purpose of giving to them by treaty a good title to those very dominions whose invasion could never have been justified except on the assumption that they did net belong to him. The events of the Dane German war succeeded each other with such rapidity, and the phases of the quarrel were so various, that many persons have entirely forgotten the attitude assumed towards Denmark by the German Powers only twelve months since, and have lost sight of the multiplied assur ances given to Europe that an attack on the integrity of the Danish kingdom was not dreamt of. In the columns of this journal we unhesitatingly declared from the first that, however they might cloak their designs, Austria and Prussia had reeolved upon wresting the Duchies from Denmark, and that the Treats of London was virtually cancelled. When, just a year since, Frederick VII. died, and the pre sent Sovereign succeeded to the throne, the Diet proceeded without delay to sequestrate the Duchy of Holstein. The measure had been threatened during the closing days of the reign of the late Sovereign ; but on the demise of the Crown addi tional reasons were supplied to the - German Powers for enforcing the oft-repeated threat of Federal execution. The Federal execution, however, ad.' mitted of necessity the title of the Sovereign, and Denmark was counselled to offer no resistance to a measure which indirectly confirmed rights which were the subject of dispute. What the Federa tion in its collective capacity did in Holstein, its two leading members proceeded to repeat in Schleswig. But the same mockery which was enacted in the one by pretending that an act of war was simply one of domestic discipline, was suc cessfully imitated in the other by alleging that an invasion with a powerful army was only a taking in pledge. Prussia and Austria admitted, whilst they deplored, the necessity of employing an im mense army for the purpose of carrying into effect their peaceful project of sequestration.; but they nevertheless avowed most solemnly their intention of supporting the Treaty of 1852, and of restoring Schleswig to Denmark as soon as those obligations on the part of the latter Power which formed the consideration of that treaty had been unequivocally acknowledged. The pledge has been taken, but the recent treaty declares to all the world that it will never be returned. The German Powers have been thoroughly successful, but we do not believe that the European Powers were at any time blinded as to their real designs. Great Britain knew that Federal execution in Holstein and sequestration in Schleswig, in truth, meant conquest, and she did all that lay in her power to prevent the consummation of a great political crime. She failed, but it was because she could not command the co-operation of other Powers no less deeply interested than herself in preserving the independence of Denmark, and, being unable alone to prevent them carrying their designs into execution, she was forced,lowever un willingly, to let matters take their course. When, 11•1011.•••••MMININV at the Conference in London, the concessions °lt by the neutral Powers upon Denmark, and ass e b is to by her, failed to satisfy her aggressors, Oot; remained but to leave the belligerents the agreeing between themselves on the con eiit'b ot e i peace. At Vienna, as might have been egeo the demands of the German Powers vier e ll , more severe than at London ; but as soon "7,$ seat of negotiations had been transferred t",i Austrian capital the Danish Plenipotentiar ies ii left no other task than that of rec ording t o assent to the conditions imposed by the Geo representatives. If those negotiations W e il l; protracted, the delay has arisen from difac o , which from time to time presented them sell 0 , respect to the arrangement of matters of Ivo The broad issue has never been doubtful. Sob leaf and Holstein, together with Lanenburg, are O i l property of the two great German Powers, s i la is now tempted to inquire what will they °°ty. them ? Tha minor States are anxious that e l EhoulEl be handed over to an Augustenbu r g Oidenburg, and a vote to that effect Will, probability, sooner or later be given to the But under this treaty, and more especially bY t o of conquest, Austria and Prussia may ad., i , title betore which that of the pretenders v; l ", it ti• 'Be leaders Powers of the Confederation have ° 'of with Denmark, They must now set theillit about adjusting, with the remaining member s "i 4 Band, those differences to which the recent sition of territory by the two Powers will TO' probably gave rise. It Thi PRE] Another Gunpowder Explosion• Yesterday afternoon a fatal gunpowder explosiePo place at the powder-works of the Messrs. Hall, at 1 ) ton, about a mile and a half from Faversham. past 3 o'clock a corning -house, which was partly derground, and had a bank round it 30ft in dePZ blown up. The wooden roof and tanks placed oval tially filled with water, were shattered to pieces, all'ap the ground in a heap of broken timber,macbinerh m a e bish over the spot from which they had been raised -0 explosion. Two men who were at work in the hour time were killed on the spot, and their bodie s were") afterwards discovered under the ruins. T he y much disfigured, which may be accounted for fr er i quantity of powder in the house at the time beio6,i small. Indeed, the place had only a very short tiered viously been emptied, and the boat laden with fee was on its way to the glazing-house, and not more or 50 rods from the spot when the explosion too" The powder which exploded was simply that Wh iell o been left upon the floor, and this the two men W ere ) act of sweeping up when it became ignited. Althos ; roof and the tanks have been blown up and shatt e w walls remain intact. A corning-machine of coast; value, however, has been destroyed. Large balks silo were broken asunder, and the trees by which the he It I. Soli the A at surrounded were stripped of their branches. The bodies of the two men who have been found and taken to a building, where they nog' ° e a" ing the coroner's inquest. Medical aid was ;f133133.01 sent for, and W. N. Spong, surgeon, of Faverebiro the first to arrive on the spot , He was followed .01 Girand and Mr Hoare, but their services were 10;4 as the deceased men were the only persons who end the accident, none of the other workmen bel 04 the time. The names of the deceased are John Slot sen., and George Keen. The former was about r 0 of age, and had been employed at the gunpowder Isit°ol many years. Some time since he was slightly 1O 004 the explosion of a "green charge." The age of about 27 or 28; he was a married man, and leaves and three children. The inquest will not take place till to..morro vit the inquest on the men killed by the Erith exploo adjourned to this day. The explosion was heard and felt for a consider s,,i tance. At Faversham the inhabitants were throloo; great alarm by the shock and the rattling of the Doi windows which followed. As yet nothing is ku e " cause of the explosion. COUNTRY MARKETS. COLCHESTER—Nov. 5. " We had a moderate supply of wheat on offer a t otk ot s! to-day, and previous quotations were gener all y ro te barley in demand, and saleable at fully _. ll ' 0 0' other sorts difficult of sale, at less money. Beaty in short supply,..,and fully maintain their va lue. s 9 Wheat, white 4 0 s 46 s Beans,MazagauS.36o red 36s 42s middle & 13131 '" 5 ,5 ° B ar l e y Oats GLOUCESTER—Nov. 5. d o: There was a very full supply of wheat 00"iga market, which sold slowly at late prices. °Tfititlef extremely limited demand, at former rat& and beans very dull. Ob Ev at th Th Pany eVer3 NORTHAMPTON—Nov. 5. V t. There was a moderate supply of English virm.,4l,lo'ter" quet, and no change in late rates. Barley was ', 2 - 63 0 ( 11 —White wheat, new, 308 to 42s ; new r ed, Lie, old, 37s to 41s per qr. Barley, new malting , 3 ' .. / other sorts, 28s to 30s. Old oats, 25s to 300; 113700 26s per 24 atone. Beans, 39s to 425. Peas , per qr. 1 CHELMSFORD —Noy. 4. %e el, At this corn exchange to-day the supP l Y ° , f 1 7;0 1 1. plentiful, but we again had a dull trade , with io fla t i made on lust week's quotations. Bar.ey Was 00 ply, and except for finest qualities last week's P not be maintained, with a slow sale. Wheat, old white 40s 45s Yeas, Partridn . ' new 40s 4is White ........ 530 old red 39s 40s Boiling ..... . 1/41 '.3111 new 37s 40s Dun .......... Barley 25s 32s Ditto new ... 0. 34 0 Chevalier ..26s 33s Beans, Tick, old ''/I 1 Grinding ..20s 28s Malt.... .. 6ls 67s Harrow Ticks Chevalier 64s 68s nes/"P Oats 20s 26s Mazagan KIRKCALDY GRAIN—Nov. D• A ir, We had large supplies of all descriptions of gr;ior and prices were much the same as last week for barley, but oats were 6d cheaper. Wheat. Barley. oatS., First....36s od I 24s 6d I 173 61 Second ..38s 6d 256 6d 1 Third....4os Od 27s 6d 15$ v"A.`' COAL M. Mos of Coal per Ton at s. d. Bower's West Hartley.2o 0 Lambert's West Hart- dtKET. the dome of the toltri. W a lls EP' 1 ley l9 9 Byass's Bebside West Hartley ..20 0 Cowpen llartley 20 0 Eden Main 2l 6 Holywell 18 6 Hastings Hartley 2O 0 :Canfield Moor Butes l6 6 Walker Primrose 15 6 Wylam 18 6 West Hartley 20 0 West Wylam l7 6 North Felton Ga5...,45 6 Gosforth ....... Acorn C105e... , • Eden.. .......... ' Kelloe.. ....... • South Kelloe. . • • Hartlepool ..... Pensher Primros e '',.' South Hartlepool..'o, East Hartlepool.oo,, Cassop . Harton ......... James ......... Riddell ..•"... Wharncliffe.. • • ' Bell ............ a . ., Braddyll' a Hettoti.... Heugh Hall ..... a .,. Belmont ...... •••• Caradoc ........ t, 235 ; sold, 218, ME SUN, LONDOW, TUESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 8, 1864 . Yesterday evening the Right Hon. the Chancellor of the Exchequer went through the ceremony of publicly closing this exhihition, which opened with such eclat three weeks ago, and which was last night brought to a termination after its brief career of unexampled and almost unhoped for success. When this Exhibition was opened on the 14th of last month it was intended that its curious and most suggestive collection should remain on view during two weeks only from 9 a.m. till 5 p.m. ; the charge for admission was fixed at 6d, but after the latter hour it was reduced to 2d to afford every facility to the class to which the display was almost solely due to visit it freely. Such numbers took advantage of this reduction of price that the hall during some evenings was so crowded that the doors had to be closed and further admittance denied. On one even. leg between 5 and 9 o'clock the turnstiles recorded the admission of no less than 22,000 visitors, which, with 6,000 who had paid 63 during the day, made the total up to 28,000 in all—a number that would do credit even to a national exhibition. Altogether the average attendance during this fortnight amounted to nearly 18,000 per day. With such an evidence of popularity and success before them, the promoters wisely reconsidered their first decision as to closing, and applied to the directors of the Agri cultural Hall for its use another week, and by those gentlemen the new arrangement was at once acceded to. The week expired last Saturday, and yesterday the Exhibition was formally closed, after having been visited by 196,926 persons, exclusive of those who attended last night, probably 8,000 or 10,000 more. Such a success was so little thought of that at the outset its most prominent promoters formed a guarantee fund to cover the losses which were looked on not only as possible, but probable in the extreme. These guarantors—the Earl of Shaftesbury, Sir Morton Pete, Miss Burdett Coutts, and . Mr Cox, M.P.—became liable for an anticipated or probable deficiency to the extent of £3OO, bat now it seems that, in lieu of a deficit, there is every chance of there being a surplus of £l,OO, if not more. Another most gratifying fact in connection with this working men's exhibition, and which deserves espe• cial mention, is that throughout its career not only has no; a single article displayed been stolen or ins jared, but that not a single police case of any kind has arisen from it either during the time the Exhi• bition was open or when its thousands of visitors left at its close. Yesterday evening, though the price of admission was raised to is and 2s 6d, every part of the hall was crowded, and the large orchestra at the end around the organ was filled with a choir to the number of nearly 1,000. Beyond some mere formal arrangements as to the route which the Chancellor of the Exchequer was to take when inspecting the exhibition, all remained in the same state as that in which the publie have been accustomed to view it any time these three weeks past. Considering the numbers that have bran to see it, every part has been kept wonderfully free from duet or dirt. As a general rule, the chief industrial objects with which the exhibition was formed were most carefully kept in view by the sub-committee, and it is to be hoped that their success now will enable them to be still more successful for the future. Next year we hope their position will be strong enough to enable them to exercise more rigidly their powers of excluding unsuitable objects. This is by no means meant to refer to articles of any kind exhibited by bona fide amateurs, or to those articles of skilled labour pro duced in the leisure hours of regular workmen, and which are often the most elaborate and highly wrought specimens of their class. It is such objects as ordiaary articles of furniture sent in from ordi nary shops which require thinning down on future cceasions, and their pieces can be supplied either by objects which would be willingly lent by South linsington, or the works of real amateurs. On this cecasion South Kensington lent a Email but most choice collection of works is metals and jewelry, pottery and porcelain, which were not only conspi cuous for their rare artistic and intrinsic value, but for the skill with which the objects were selected to set before the assembled amateurs typos and designs for their imitation of the highest class known to art. Her Majesty also lent from Buckingham Palace a small, but equally fine collection of old porcelain carvings in ivory, enamels, mosaics, and glass wares, which were each in their way unique specimens. These, however, with some groups of stuffed speci mens of natural history, sent by Mr I. A, Nicholay' and a rare collection cf antique watches from Mr Benson, of Ludgate-hill, and the exceptions we have hinted at, were the only departures from the rule which made the whole exhibition one of the works of amateurs. The collection comprised an almost infinite variety of objects, painting, drawing, and modeh making by far the most popular arts, and apparently the most cuccessfuily practised. It need scarcely be said that among the drawings and paint ings there were very many which would scarcely bear inspection, but, on the other hand, there were some which reflected great credit on their authors, and some of very high merit indeed. Those which were so placed as to illustrate the rising skill of the self-taught artist were exceedingly interesting. It has been urged by some against works of this kind that it would be better to hold out encouragement to the workers in various trades for improvements in those trades only, and not foster in them the idea that common a orimen can ever excel in the paths of high art. The works, however, which formed the show at the Agricultural Hall were in nearly every case the production of the workmen's leisure hours, and nothing is more certain than that an artisan does not choose as a recreation that branch of in. dustry which forms his daily occupation. To those laboriously employed during the day, dra wing, paint ing, or model-making is at once a rest and a plea. sure, while those sedentarily occupied as invariably resort to the work of the lathe or the garden to give them that exercise of body with enjoyment of mind which none of us can long abstain from with impu nity. The models shown in the hall were for the greater part models of buildings or ships ; and here, too, the same inverse rule of recreation seemed to prevail—it was so to speak the builder or labourer who makes his model of the ship, and the shipwright or sailor who makes his model of a house. Some of the models were exceedingly good, and in ail cases put together and finished with the minute care which spoke of their having been a labour of love. It was a most characteristic and suggestive 'Those paintings and drawings by labourers, letter. carriers, and porters,those models in wood and ivory, turnings and ironwork by clerks who have gone through their eight or ten hours' work in a close office, the visible and successful struggle after self improvement which all those works suggested, the labour and self-denial each cost to produce, made this North London Exhibition one of the most strik ing social features of the day, and one of the most interesting also. It well deserved all the support it has met with. Yesterday evening the Chancellor of the E et. chequer arrived at 7 o'clock precisely, and was re ceived by the secretary to the Exhibition, Mr W. J. Watts, and other members of the committee, together with the Hon. A. Kinnaird, M.P., Mr Bodkin, Assistant-Judge ; Mr S. Morley, Mr J. A. Nicholay, Mr Norris, I\l•P., &n After making a circuit of the Exhibition Mr Gladstone was con ducted to the platform, where he was received with much applause, which continued till the Hundredth Psalm w3a given by the chorus. Mr Watts then read the report of the committee, which, after referring to the daily crowded state of the Exhibition, whi c h made it necessary to keep it open another weak, went on to state the numbers which had visited it, and the fact, to which we Lave already alluded, that not a single instance of disorder had taken place. Tee adjudicators had awarded the prizes, which numbered 81 of the firat class, 76 of the second class, and 179 of the third, or 231 prizes in ell, excluding ten extra works specially ncom. mended for reward. The committee being very desirous that every exhibitor should be provided with a suitable memento, and finding that their fiiancial position was very favourable, had given directions to Messrs Petter and GAlpin to produce an illustrated memo rial, a copy of which would be presented to each exhibitor by Lord Shaftesbury at the meeting for the distribution of prix's• _ _ A psrformanee was then given on the organ, with bean'ciful efftct, by Dr, S. S. Weley, after which a prayer was offered up by the Rev. W. Fowle, M.A., and the Hallelujah chorus sung by the choir. Mr GLADSTONE then rose and was g led with loud and continued cheers. He said Ladies and Gentlemen,--It may be said with great reason that the series of proceedings be onging to this exhibition is now completed. We hAve gathered together within this spacious hall the productions of the skill and industry of the working men of northern London, To this demonstration and to the beautiful spectacle thus offered the feeling of the public has answered, and the numerous total of spectators who have hastened from -all parts of the metropolis, as we have been informed to=night, to satisfy their curiosity and to improve their minds, has crowned the labours of the exhibitors with the most complete success. (Hear.) It is, perhaps, a vulgar, but yet it is an important consideration, that in a pecuniary as in every other point of view the proceedings of this exhibition have reached the consummation which all its friends .have desired, and your Minister of Finance—(laughter)—what ever may happen to other Ministers of Finance— appears before you to-night with the glory of a surplus in hand—(hear, and a laugh)—and in that surplus we are to recognise not only a memorial of past prudence but likewise a promise for the future, for the way has fairly been opened to show what things can be done through the medium of these exhibitions. (Hear, hear.) But not the least inte resting feature in this series of proceedings has been the tone and temper in which it has been con ducted, the humble sense of dependence upon Divine favour, the acknowledgment that whatever gifts any of us may possess we owe them entirely to a heavenly source. (Cheers.) And in the proceed■ ings of to-night`you have, by your crowded atten dance, borne witness to your emphatic desire that at the close, as well as in the course of all these proceedings, honour should be rendered to Him from whom all hcnour comes. (Cheers.) Well, then, ladies and gentlemen, it may be said if these acts have attained to such completeness, that I as sume a function which is officious at the best, in addressing you after what has taken place. But I address you at the request of those who have been your leaders in this important enterprise, and I will attempt no more in such observations as it may be in my power to address to you than to give you a faithful record of the impression which the spectacle we witness to-night has produced upon the mind of one who views it from without. Ladies and gentlemen, it is very easy to find a name for an ex hibition like this and for an occasion like this. It is emphatically the festival and the triumph of labour. (Loud cheers.) Ido not use that word to draw any invidious distinction between class and class. Labour is the universal lot of man, and those who endeavour to escape from labour, and to convert into a period of mere enjoy. ment that term of existence which has been given us for exertion and for] dis• cipline, are recreants to their own destiny and to the law under which they live. (Cheers.) There is no honourable, no useful place on this busy teem ing earth for the idle man, be his station or his con dition what it may ; and I am sure that those who belong to the labouring classes, properly so called, will admit that in this happy country it is easy to point out not only tens sad hundreds, but thou sands among the very highest in the land, who vie in their character as labouring men with those who earn their bread by their daily wages. But it is with the large and important class comprising the mass of society that we have especially to do upon the present occasion, It is to them I refer when I say that this occasion, this exhibition, has been the festival and the triumph of labour ? Why has it been the triumph of labour ? It has been the triumph of labour for reasons which, in my judg ment, it will behove us to ponder. I do not, indeed, think that we have as yet reached a period at which any of us can fully comprehend the entire signifi cance of exhibitions such as this. They are toe new, they are yet in their infancy. (Hear.) We must wait awhile. It will be for us in later years, or it will be for those who come after us, to form a just and competent estimate of their social even more and much more than their economical effects. But even now we may see the immense importance of such exhibitions. Can there be a more interesting fact than this, that of those beautiful objects which crowd the walls and the floors of this spacious hall a very large part—l am told by much the largest part—are produced not by persons given to that special kind of production as a means of subsistence but in the patient development of some other gift which they pursue and cultivate in their hours of recreation ? (Cheers.) Now is it not a consoling truth that even the humblest of our society are not so absolutely bowed down in this probationary state to mere mechanical exercise tnat it is beyond the power of a man to look outside the narrow career which he traces in his daily toil from morning to evening, and then from morning to evening again, —that there is in all classes of society a diversity and variety of gifts; that human nature, if it be well used, is a richer and a nobler thing thrn many of us take it to be ; that few indeed are those to whom the path of excellence is not open in one direction or another,provided only their be the diligence and determination which is neces sary to pursue it with effect ? (Cheers.) Now, ladies and gentlemen, one word as to the amuse ment which belongs to these exhibitions. Thevery production of these works has been in most cases the amusement of their producers, showing un doubtedly a true nobleness of mind, for it is only a mind which draws its fire from heaven which would find amusement in productions of such a nature after the exhausting effects of daily toil. But yet it is true, and it is another consoling truth, if you consider that much of our best relaxations, much of the most effective and most salutary amusement is derived, not from a simple abnegation and abandon ment of toil, but comes from a judicious change of one employment for another. (Cheers.) But if there has been healthful and laudable amusement from the producers of these works in the act of pro. ducing them, what has been the effect upon those who beheld them ? Let the exhibitors take this comfort to themselves. They have not only by their contributions given a satisfactory and healthy bent to their own energies, they have not only gained that credit and applause of their fellows which are among the most gratifying consolations and com forts of life, but they have likewise afforded an ex ample and encouragement to others, and many a man, many a woman, many a young child, many a one who has not heretofore done aught to distin guish himself in bettering his condition, in improv ing his mind, by developing his gifts by exertions such as these—depend upon it many such one will receive the first suggestion, will derive the first in fection of such a desire from what they have seen within these walls upon this occasion. (Cheers.) Well, again, of the good effected and displayed by this Exhibition, we have had satisfactory proof. Thank God, it has not been the first, and I am sure it will not be the last, although amongst the most remarkable instances, that it is possible in this happy country for a vast mass of the population to meet together, aye, and to meet together for purposes connected with their recrea tion, and at the same time not to need the control or the coercion of the law, but, and I am sure I may apply without irreverence the sacred words, "tobe a law to themselves." (Cheers,) In the hurried circuit which I have made round this hall we were accompanied by a force of I think some four or five policemen, and I learn from those who had had the management of this Exhibition that that moderate detachment positively comprised the entire representation of that most useful force which has been employed for the purpose of keeps ing in order the 200,000 who, we are told, have visited the Exhibition. (Cheers.) Well, ladies and gentlemen, it is a great and a real and true s between true socialspigrzroefssog—it is much to distinguish I —but I say i t i s a true e progress ga o f social false p r signsg progress s when it. can be recorded, as was recorded by your esteemed and able secretary to-night, that this Ex hibition has been conducted, withadmission at so low a cast to the humblest classes of the give n com munity, without one single attempt at anything like wilful damage to any object. (Cheers.) But, ladies and gentlemen, it is not only with reference to amusement of the best and highest kinds that such °maim as this should be considered. Im- portant as it is in itself, it is probably yet more important as an indication of something beyond itself, as an indication of things which are, and yet more of things which are to be. (Hear, hear.) No person can, even as a contemporary observer, reflect upon the recent history of this country without perceiving that it is fraught with the pro mise of most important results, not only to the community as a community, but particularly to the labovring classes ; the greatest lesson which our recent history ought to teach those classes—the great lesson which I will presume to say has taught them, and is teaching them, after a dependence and thankfulness to the Almighty for the gifts and op• portunities they enjoy, is the lesson of self-reliance. Now, I believe it is not possible in a well-organ. ized society that any one class should make essen tial progress in any way except through its own exertions. (Cheers.) I know—l trust Ido not forget—that there are duties of class towards class, as there are duties of the individual man towards his fellow-man. Bnt the duty performed by one class towards another, and especially by the higher towards the humbler classes, will be found gene. rally to consist in the mitigation, possibly the re moval, but more frequently the mitigation, of evils and abuses of a gross and galling nature. But the mere mitigation of abuses will never give energy and dignity of character to a class, and especially to the great labouring classes of the community. It is upon themselves they must depend in order to ex hibit in the face of their fellowscountrymen those characteristics which constitute the true basis of greatness. I know that it is too true that the ad vance of civilisation and the improvements which have been made in our laws and institutions do not and cannot be said as yet to have touched theentire mass of the community. There are still those who are said to belong to the " dangerous classes." There are still those who, in much larger numbers, are said, and with truth are said to belong to the helpless classes ; those upon whom illness and be reavements fall, and not only such, but even whole classes of persons, particularly unmarried females, who, under the conditions of modern society, are in a social position still beset with difficulties. The bulk of the labouring population in the great towns of this country, and particularly in this vast me tropolis, consists of those who being dependent upon their own labour have the means of making their labour as a general rule effective for their subsistence, even for their comfort, and the comfort of their wives and families. Now, much has been done by good, honest, and wise legislation towards setting free the industry of the labouring man and enabling him to carry that best and almost the only commodity which he can possess to the best market it can command; (Cheers.) lam far from thinking that Parliament has as yet done all in that respect which we may reasonably hope for; but perhaps it would be true—l believe it would be—to say we cannot look again for such vast and wholesale im provements of the law, for such large and beneficial revolutions in the condition of the labouring classes of this country at any future time as has Leen brought about within the last 20 or 25 years, partly by the progress of new gigantic and most useful in. ventione, and partly by a wise legislation iu Par liament. Therefore, ladies and gentlemen, and you, my friends, whom I address in such numbers of the working classes, bear with me when I say that it is upon yourselves you must depend. If you are look ing for improvement in your state, if you are look ing for a larger admission to the direct rights of citizenship—(loud cheers), if you are looking foe the increase of the comforts of life, if you are looking for a provision for the education of your children, if you are looking to the making provision for the confine gency of your sudden removal—for each and for all those things, depend upon it that, under the favour of Almighty God, it is upon yourself you must rely. (Cheers.) And, therefore, ladies and gentles men, it is that I cordially and sincerely congratu late you upon an Exhibition such as that we have witnessed here. A sentiment of admiration not un. mingled with surprise will, I think, possess the mind of the impartial observer when he comes within these walls and sees, or has seen, the nature of the works they contain. We see here an evidence of the growth of the labouring class. I must say that in one point of view an interest attaches to what we see within this Agricultural Hall, such as never attached to the more gorgeous Exhibitions of 1651 and 1,862. Those great Exhibitions and their promoters will have reason to reckon among the many beneficial results of these Exhibitions the fact that without doubt they gave the first suggestion for the creation of a spectacle such as we no ;v be. hold. Bat in those great Exhibitions we saw what the wealth of the world could de, we saw what were the resources of skill and industry aided by the profuse employment of capital. But here we have drawn upon no such resources of capital. We see here as it were in its first formation the efforts of British labour and we have reason to congratulate the country first of all for the possession of such skill as is here dis played ; and, secondly, upon the disposition to use for such healthful and beneficial purposes the scanty leisure afforded after the hours of toil and the rea maining energies which the beneficial exercise of labour has left unexhausted. Ladies and gentle men, as I have said, it is the property of these exe hibitions to open before us a long vista in the future, as well as to supply us with most interesting sug gestions for the present. But I see also in them a manifestation of the desire of the labouring classes to play out honestly and in the most conciliatory spirit the game of lire. The labouring class, like every other class, hss had its lessons to learn. It has had to learn how to bear the reverses of fortune, and how that lesson has been learnt the recent his tory of Lancashire will tell to our posterity. (Loud cheers.) But the labouring class has also had to learn a lesson—l venture to say a still more difficult one to learn—the 'aeon of respecting, under whatever pressure, the rights, the indepen. dente, and freedom of choice of a minority of their own body. But that is a lesson with regard to which I ardently hope —nay, I confi dently believe—great progress has been made. Sure I am that if the minds of the operative class be set upon a permanent improvement in the condition of its members, speaking from what I see within this hall, I say they are walking in the right path. Let them show before their fellow-countrymen the gifts which they possess; let them continue to exhibit in every relation of life that obedience to law, nay, that love of law which they have shown within these walls ; let them carry home more and more to the minds of every class of th© community the convic tion that wo of this country are all one in heart, one in hope, one in desire, one in interest. (Cheers.) Let them take for their motto the union and har mony of all classes one with another, and I am confirm dent they will find that whatever improvements they may think they have a right to expect at the hands of those who are invested with the privilege of govern ing them, they may rest confident in the belief that E 311 improvements will never be long or unduly delayed. (Cheers.) Ladies and gentlemen, it is with an earnest mind and heart I express to you a fervent desire that this exhibition and all that has belonged to this exhibition may be productive of happy results, not only in the present but also in future years. My concluding duty is to declare to you that this exhibition is closed, but when I say that it is closed I do not speak of it as of a ehing dead and departed. If it be closed, it is closed like the year, which, when it dies away, by the very process preparation for another spring. (Cheers.) h i rs. dyin g l in t i a s ks c e losed like the corn which we drop into the earth, and which is placed there in order that its death may be the precursor of renovated life and of renewed fertility. That, happily, is not mere anticipation. Already there are indications upon every side that the example which you have set is a fruitful example. 'rho example which was set to you some six months ago has been fruit ful in the production of ycur exhibition, and the example you have set has already led to such results that I could give you a list of towns and places in which it is contemplated to hold similar exhibitions. exhibition as sense that av having doorsea che of d i (Cheers,) Let u s no t, th ere f ore , i n spea ki ng o f t hi s i thets natural will termination in the it , and the objects here collected will be dispersed—let us not forget that it still retains its moral force, and still promises to be, as we hope) it will be, the happy parent of many children—of scenes like this, and, if possible, exceeding this. It will help to confirm in the minds of the labouring community the useful lesson which they have already learnt, and will likewise prove to be an effective means of leading them onward in the pith, not of illusory and unsub• stantial, but of true and real progress and healthful and Christian civilization. (Loud cheers.) Mr. S. Morley proposed, and Mr. Kinnaird, M.P., seconded a vote of thanks to the chairman. The resolution was adopted by acclamation, three cheers being given for the right hon. gentleman. Mr. GLADSTONE, in reply, expressed his thanks for the compliment. While he could not attribute to himself all the merits which the mover and se conder of the vote had ascribed to him, he must say that he felt confident in the future of England. He was convinced that there never would be wanting those who, under God, would be desirous of con ducting the affairs of this country for the honour and profit of the whole nation, aided by the loyalty, the intelligence, the indulgence, and the goodwill of their fellow -countrymen. For himself, he could only claim a sincere intention to apply himself to the best of his humble abilities in the furtherance of the public interests; and the mark of kindness now bestowed upcn him would, even if undeserved, and perhaps even on that very account, be effective as an encouragement to a faithful discharge of his duty. (Loud cheers.) The National Anthem was then sung, and the proceedings were brought to a close. The Southern Confederacy, The Columbia South Carolinian gives the fol lowing detailed report of the speech delivered at that place on Oct, 4 by Jeff. Davis : " Ladies and Gentlemen of the metropolis of South Caro. lina—Your mayor has welcomed me to your home. I re ceive his greeting with that gratitude which one only feels when he hears expressed the language of commendation from those whose silence would have made him realise that his conduct had been bad indeed. If, in this great struggle for the rights of the States and the liberties of the people to secure the possession of which, and to transmit which to us our fathers of the revolution shed .their blood, South Caro lina, who has stood for 30 years in the vanguard, should give him who asserted these rights no word of well-done, he might turn convinced that he had failed as a public ser vant to perform his mission, and, as a man, had proven un able to cope with the responsibility of his position. There fore it is, Mr Mayor andfellow- citizens of Columbia, that I feel heartily grateful for the welcome received at your hands. South Carolina has struggled nobly in the war, and suffered many sacrifices. There is, indeed, no portion of our island where the pall of mourning has not been spread ; but I thank the Giver of all Good that our people still remain firm there, above all other places. I am told there have been none to waver and none to doubt. It often happens that at a distance from a scene of action men who, if present, would easily measure it, magnify danger, until at last those become despondent whose hearts, if actually stirred by perils, would no sooner think of shrinking from the prompt performance of duty than the gallant sons of Carolina, whose blood has so generously flowed on the many battlefields of this war. But if there be any one who feel that our cause is in danger, that final success may not crown our efforts, that we are not stronger to-day than when we began the struggle, that we are not able to con tinue the supplies to our armies and to our people, let all such read a contradiction in the smiling face of our land,and the teeming evidences of plenty which everywhere greet the eye ; let them go to those places where brave men are standing in front of the foe, and there receive the assurance that we shall have final success, and that every man who does not live to see his country free will see a freeman's grave. (Applause.) There are those who, like the Israelites ot old, are longing to turn back to the flesh pots they have left; who have thought there still may have been some fea sible n ode of reconciliation, and are even willing to rush into a reconstruction of the Union. Such, I am glad to know, do not flourish on the soil of South Carolina. Such cannot be the sentiments of any man in the Con federate States, if he would only recollect that from the heginning down to the present hour your Government has made every effort within its power to avoid a collision ot arms in the first instance, and since then to obtain every possible means of settlement honourable to ourselves, based on a recognition of our independence. First, we sent com missioners to ask on what terms the quarrel could be ad justed, and since that time we have proclaimed in every public paper our desire for peace. Insolently our every effort has been met. The Vice-President of the confederate States was refused a passport to the North when his object was negotiation—that means by which all wars must be ter minated. The door was rudely slant in our faces. Interven tion and recognition by foreign States, so long anticipated, have proved an ignis fauns. There is, then but one means by which you can hope to gain independence and an hon ourable peace, and that is by uniting with harwony, energy, and determination in fighting those great battles and achiev ing those great victories which will teach the world that we can defend our rights, and the Yankee nation that it is death to invade them. (Applause.) With every Confede rate victory cur stocks rise in the foreign market—that touchstone of European sentiment. With every noble achievement that influences the public mind abroad you are taking one step forward, and bringing foreign nations one step nearer your aid in recognising and lending you friendly intervention, whenever they are satisfied that, in tervention or no intervention, the Confederacy can sustain itself. Does any one believe that Yankees are to be con ciliated by terms of concession ? Does any man imagine that we can conquer the Yankees by retreating before them, or do you not all know that the only way to make spaniels civil is to whip them ? And you can whip them, if all the men capable of bearing arms will do their duty by taking their places under the standard of their country, before the veteran troops of the North receive the fresh increment which is being gathered in the Northern States. Now is the good and accepted time for every man to rally to the stand ard of his country, and crush the invader upon her soil ; and ofe law, this, I believe, is in you r p owe r. If every man fit to bear teems will place himself in the ranks with those who are there already, we shall rot battle in va i n , an d our achieve ments will be grand, fin al, a nd complete. Is this a time to askot you what the exempt law m you—to inquire whether or n or to ask if the magis trate will take you out o f the enrolling• office by a writ of aredea under d s th habeas corpus I Rather is it not the time for every man capable of bearing arms to say, My country needs my ser vices, my country shall have them?" When your heroic fathers, the Whigs of the Revolution, fought in that war which secured your birthright,thei r armies werenot gathered by asking who can be forced into the field, but ' Who are able to fight ? No man was too old and no boy too young if he had the physical capacity to enter ranks of the army. In the days of the Revolution the boy left his paternal roof only to return to its blackened ruins. He grew to manhood among its struggles—an l may not your country claim similar service from the youth Cf the present day ? Like them, you must emulate the glory of your sires. Say not that you are unequal to the task, for I believe that our people are even better than were our honoured ancestors. They have fought more and bloodier battles, and there are fewer who are lukewarm in the cause now than existed in the da3 s of the Revolution. What a glorious reflection it is that wherever the tide of war has rolled its devastating wave over the land just there do you find every heart beat ing true to the Confederacy, strengthened, as it were by vicissitudes, and every woman ready to share her last loaf with the soldier who is fighting for our rights. A plan of negotiation has been offered for consideraeion — a plan of negotiation by States. Well, it is not easy to see on what terms the States can negotiate. In the first place, they have no constitutional power to do so ; in the second place, Mr Lincoln has said that he will not negotiate wish them unless they can control the army, and they can only obtain the power to control the army by traitorously at tempting to enter into a treaty contrary to the Government they have instituted, Eut, suppose this were possible, what are the terms offered ? If you will acknowledge your crime lay down your arms, emancipate your slaves, and turn over your leaders—as they call your humble servant—to be pu-. nished, then you will have permission to vote together with your negroes upon the terms under which Mr Lincoln will be graciously pleased to allow you to live as a part of the nation over which he pre s id es . If there be a man within the sound of my voice who contemplates such a proposition I pity him from the bottom of reY heart. My only wish is that he was north of the dividing line. His is not the spirit that animated our fathers, and he is not fit to exist among the men who are now per illing their lives in the cause in which we are n ew enga ged, for he who is so slavish cannot be trusted with the sacred guardianship of the wi dows and orphans of the soldiers who have died in haute. I have just returned from that army from which we have had the saddest accounts—the army of Tennessee•e•and I am able to bear to you words of good cheer, That army has increased in strength since the fall of Atlanta. It has risen in tone—its march is onward, its face looking to the front. So far as lam able to judge General Hood's etre. tegy has been good, and his conduct has been gallant. His eye is now fixed upon a point far beyond that where he was assailed by the enemy. He hopes soon to have his hand upon Sherman's line Of communications, and to fix it where he can hold it. And if but a half—nay, one fourth—of the men to whom the service has a right will give him their strength, I see no chance for Sher• man to escape from a defeat or a disgraceful retreat. I therefore hope, in view of all the contingencies of war, with all the confidence which I found in the army, that within thirty da3 s that army, which has so boastfully taken up its winter quarters in the heart of the Confederacy, will be in search of a crossing on the Tennessee River. That our army retreated far was but a natural precursor of that despon dency which spread itself over the country ; but as I ap. preached the region occupied by our troops the hope in creased, until at last I found in the army the acme of con fidence itself. General Beauregard, so well known to you all, is going there with a general command, which will enable him to concentrate all the troops that can be made available for the public defence. I, therefore, say be of good cheer, for I hope that brighter intelligence will soon reach you. (Applause.) But, my friends, if it be otherwise—if we suffer reverses, it is what is to be expected from the for tunes of war. It is the fact of all human designs. In that event we shall have reason to anticipate from all brave men a conduct becoming the occasion, and shall look to you to redress your misfortunes, to rise in the face of disaster, and resolve to succeed, determined that you will live or die free. (Applause.) Your brave sons are battling for the cause of the country everywhere; your Fort Sumter, where was first given to the breeze the flag of the Confederacy, still stands. The honour of the State has not been dimmed in the struggle, and her soldiers will be sustained by the thought that when they are no more South Carolina • will still retain that honour with which she commenced the war, and have accumulated that greatness and glory which will make her an exemplar of all that is chivalric and manly in a nation struggling for existence. You who have so long been the advocates of State rights have never raised a clamour against the laws which seem to invade them, and I think, for obvious reasons, you are not like those new-born lights who, perhaps, are just beginning to appreciate the great principles of that creed. You saw laws passed which were necessary to make those States which are in co-operation effective for the good of the whole. You understood the nature of the compact entered into by the sovereign States, and you have not been fearful that the agent created by yoursel% es was likely to turn against that Government for which he and you had been so long struggling. Understanding the means of pre serving your State Governments, you have not been fright ened by the clamour of those who do not breathe the pure air of State sovereignty. Then you have had no difficulty in the organisation of the three forces incident to military ser vice. You are in that condition in which your defence must depend upon what does not belong to the active forces of the country. Your battles are fought on other fields. You have on the coast some necessity for what is termed an ac- tive army, find should it be incumbent upon you to furnish troops from your reserves, you have no constitutional scruples, like Governor Strong, of Massachusetts, against marching your militia from the borders of the State, to fight the battles of the cause in which you are engaged. I hon- our you for it. It is needless for me to argue questions here which have been discussed elsewhere, for here I am among the disciples of him from whom I learnt my lessons of State rights, the great, the immortal John C. Calhoun. Among those to whom we are indebted in South Carolina I have not yet alluded to that peculiar claim of gratitude which is due to the fair countrywomen of the Palmetto State, they who have gone to the hospital to watch by the side of the sick, those who throng your wayside homes, who have nursed as if nursing was a profession, who have used their needles with the industry of sewing women, who have borne privation without a murmur,and who have given up fathers, sons, and husbands with more than Spartan virtue, because they c alled no one to witness and record the deed. Silently, with all the dignity and grandeur of patriotism, they have made their sacrifices—sacrifices which, if written, would be surpassed by nothing in history. If all the acts of heroism and virtue of the women of the South could be transmitted to the future it would present such a record as the world has never seen. Their gallantry is only different from that of her sons in this, that they deem it unfeminine to strike ; and yet, such is the heroism they have dis played—such the noble demeanour they have exhibited— that at the last moment, when trampled upon and it became a necessity, they would not hesitate to strike the invader a corpse at their feet. (Applause.) It is scarcely necessary for me, at a time like this, to argue grave questions respecting policy, past, present, or prospeotive. I only ask you to have faith and confidence, and to believe that every faculty of my head and my heart is devoted to your cause, and to that I shall, if necessary, give my life. Let every one in his own sphere, and according to his own capacity, devote himself to the single purpose of filling up and sustaining our armies in the field. If required to stay at home, let him devote him self not to the acquisition of wealth, but to the advance ment of the common cause. If there is to be any aristocracy in the land after this war, I hope it will be an aristocracy of those men who have become poor while bleeding to s, cure our liberty. If there are to be any peculiarly favoured by public opinion hereafter, I trust it will be those men who have longest borne a musket and oftenest bled on the battle field. If there is to be any young man shunned by the young ladies when he seeks their favour, I trust it will be the man who has grown rich by skulking. And with all sincerity I say to my young friends here, if you want the right man for a husband, take him whose armless sleeve and noble heart betoken the duties he has rendered to his coun try, rather than he who has never shared the toils or borne the dangers of the field. If there still be left any of those military criers who have never spoken of our Generals but to show how much better things could have been managed. or of our Government but to find fault with it, because it never took their advice, in mercy's name let these men go to the front and aid us in achieving our independence. With their wisdom and strength swelling our armies I should have some hope that I will not be a corpse before our cause is secured, and that our flag would never trail in dishonour, bat would wave victoriously above the roar and smoke of battle. I believe it is in the power of the men of the Confederacy to plant our banners on the banks of the Ohio, where we may say to the Yankee, .Be quie', or we shall teach you another lesson,' Within the next 30 days much is to be done, for upon our success much de pends. Within the next 30 days, therefore, let all who are absentees, or who ought to be in the army, go promptly to their ranks. Let fresh victories crown our arms, and the peace party, if there be such at the North, can elect its candidate, But whether a peace candidate is elected or not, Yankee instinct will teach him that it is better to end the war, and leave us to the enjoyment of our own rights. Prayerful or your welfare, confiding in the army of the Confederate States to do that which soft words can never achieve, and in the hope that God will preserve the little ones of all brave men who are in the field, or who are going to it, and trusting that in the future, under brighter aus pices, it may be my fortune to meet the good people of Columbia, I wish you all for the present farewell. (Ap plause.) SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—The capture of the Florida by the Wa , chusetts in Brazilian waters was reported by tele graph from Lisbon some days ago, but it was no until yesterday that the flagrantly lawless nature of this proceeding could be appreciated. The story, as it has now reached us from authentic sources, beats those reiated of Paul Jones, and carries us back to the time when the Spanish Main was made infa mous by the piratical deeds of civilised nations. The Federal ship Wachusetts was lying in the inner harbour of Bahia when the Florida anchored in the outer harbour, on the 4th October, to ship coals and stores, and to have a part of her machinery repaired. The next morning she was boarded by an officer of the Brazilian navy, and forbidden to communicate with the shore until the Governor of the province should have been consulted. The Governor invited her commander, Captain Morris, to call upon him, and the result of the interview was that the Florida was allowed to remain 48 hours to get in supplies, and to complete, if possible, the necessary repairs. It seem that Mr Wilson, the United States' Consul, had protested against any shelter being given her, but had afterwards pledged his word of honour that the Wachusetts would respect the rights of neutrals within the port. Capt. Morris gave the same assure [ince, and the Florida was thereupon brought into the inner harbour and placed in a berth close under the guns of a Brazilian fort, and with two Brazilian vessels of war bet ween ,her and the Wachusetts. A number of the crew were allowed to go ashore on leave, and the damaged machinery was put into the hands of Brazilian engineers. Late on the same evening, Oct. 5, a boat came alongside from the Wachusetts, with the Federal Consul on board, but as the letter which he sent up to Cept. Morris was addressed " sloop Florida," the latter declined to hold communication with him or the Wachusetts until the public character of the Florida should be recognised. On the next day, the 6th, a gentle. man, named De Vidiky, presented himself as en voy from the Consul, and in that capacity read out a note challenging the Florida to fight the Wachusetts. Captain Morris declined to go out of his way either to seek or to avoid his ad versary, and so the colloquy ended. In the middle of the following night, Captain Morris and another batch of men being on shore, the Wachusetts was seen to leave her anchorage and steam towards the Florida, running her down, and pouring in a volley of musketry and canister shot. Lieutenant Porter, the officer in command of the cruiser, thus taken by surprise, beat to quarters and made the best resistance he could, but, with more than half his crew on shore and nothing in readiness for such an attack, he soon found that the odds were too great. After some 10 or 12 had been killed, and many more wounded, he surrendered, when a hawser was forthwith passed from the bows of the Florida to theWachusetts, and she was towed out to sea. The two vessels were afterwards sighted off Pere nambucce Fifteen men had in the meantime jumped overboard to escape being made prisoners, but nine appear to have been picked off from the Wachu setts, and the details of the capture rest chiefly on the testimony of the six survivors. There is a slight discrepancy between the two accounts which we published yesterday with respect to the part taken by the Brazilian naval authorities ; but no doubt can exist that the act was as entirely un foreseen by them as it has been vehemently re sented by the whole community at Bahia. '[he Brazilian Admiral was present during Captain Morris's interview with the Governor, and sug. gested the position to be taken up by the Florida in the harbour, near his own flagahip, for greater safety. While the firing was going on, according to the narrative of our correspondent " Voyageur," the officer in command of the fbgship sent off a boat to require the combatants to desist. Accord ing to the narrative furnished by the paymaster of the Florida to our Southampton correspondent, this boat was not despatched until the Confederate yes. sal was already being made fast to the Wachusetts. The two accounts, however, agree in the statement that the captain of the Wachusetts promised corn off his prize pliance, and yet proceeded to carry Walls End. Hatton 2l 01 Tarlatan Haswell ...22 6 South Hetton 22 6 Ships at market THE GREAT AND GOOD.—The sketch the various groups of sculpture to be exece t ', 6 4' Prince Consort Memorial, Hyde - park, were delive'd Str committee for inspection, by their respective Monday last. r ,„ [ADTERTISEMENT.] - --Holloway ' s Pills a- - fat gentle, yet most effdetive aperients, and thereof,' ca lculated for a family medicine than any ?eehrl They always set the stomach right, rouse the I'Lliorti late the kidneys, and thoroughly cleanse the 71310 tem. Holloway's Pills are most useful in cllf ft - gi ness of the stomach, induced by luxurious livlLtolj tary habits, or other causes. They have r*Ki emaciated to health after every other mean s A l while they are purifying they are s t ren gthenh 3 .,giof gulating they are increasing nervous and:mnee'tlle These Pills do not excite any violent action l o a d hence they are especially suited to the young a a t whose constitutions may be irretrievably isjow powerful medicines. London: Pririt,ed and Prblished by WILLIA-0010ear of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at InE 1311 oev Strand, in the Precinct of the Savo .° 7111441"e'1.7Ttle5daY,_NOVCAlber 8, 1861* These Pills do not excite any violent actum • hence they are especially suited to the young - a le whose constitutions may be irretrievably Wilt° powerful medicines. Births. I d i BULLER.—on the 3d inst., at Eltham. the schel Hornby Buller, Military Train, of a daught er : DUNDAS.—On the sth inst., at Wood Hall, i r % wife of the Hon. J. C. Dundee, of a GOULD.—On the 3d inst., at 60, Chichester 00 burn-park, W., the wife of A. Gould, Bfiq't Marriages. taP l HANCOCK-43UDD.—On the 3d inst., at Bar--!i00, Devon, Alfred Hancock, Esq., of Amoy, 0,1)n riot Elizabeth Ryder, second daughter 0' i ; Budd, F.R.C.P., of Barnstaple. t ed ori WooL—MARTIN.—On the '3dRCS" Ye Mary, George Wool, Etq Exmoor Granny) Frances, daughter of David Martin, Esq, o' Wainfleet. 4 , a d Deaths. -cetr' DIXON.—On the 3d inst., at Clapham , "" l Chas. Dixon, R.E. of • HARE.—On the 3d inst., Robert Hare , Esq ' ' H. lotte-street, Buckingham-gate, aged 90. 0105 t HouGToN.—On the 3d inst , at 22, Lorraioe.`9l loway, Mr. Lucas Houghton, of 30, POUltrti KNIGHT.—On the 31st ult., Saml. FrederiO 30, Crown-street, .) Finsbury, aged 25. 0, LIKE.—On the 3d inst at King's LangleY' D• Lake, Esq., aged 47. M ON TAGUE —On the 2d inst., at Southend) 001, Esq., aged 81. ff ° OVERSTONE. — On the 6th inst., at Lockihoi.7) Wantage, the Lady Overstone, aged 6i.