The Sun. — London, England, 1864-07-26 00:00:00

rA Civil, WAR IN AMERICA, (From tia Times Corresponient.) NEW YORK, July 12. The " raid" of the Confederates into Maryland— at whic h all New York laughed last week—if it ever co odes tended to bestow a thought upon the ma tter, has grown into a formidable invasion. Even yet there are a few optimists or incredulous persons who think that the South is bankrupt, beggared, dispirited, famished, and demoralised; who insist that Lee has made a mistake in sending his horse men into the rich cornfields of Maryland; that they will infallibly be cut off with their booty ; and that Grant will take advantage of their absence to cep• ture both Petersburg and Richmond. But the bulk of the public has awakened, though somewhat tardily, to the conviction that Washington is in im minent danger ; that Washington and not Baltimore is the destination of the Confederate General, and that it will require the presence of the whole Army of the Potomac to prevent its capture. The invad ing hosts, of which no one knows the numbers, though they are variously estimated at from 40,000 to 80,000 men, carry everything before them. The affrighted farmers leave their fields and their cattle and betake themselves to the great cities for safety. The great cities are in as much terror as the rural districts. Washington and even Philadelphia are sending their valuables to New York, and everybody who up to Saturday last could get away from Mary land and the more exposed districts and cities of Pennsylvania hurried off as fast as possible. To-day they have no longer a chance. The Confederates are within four miles of Baltimore and six of Wash ington. They have defeated the army of General Wallace, who thought to withstand their advance on the Monocacy, and driven him into Baltimore,. They have burnt down the house of Mr. Brad ford, the " loyal " or anti-Southern Governor of Maryland, and that of Mr Blair, the chief friend and adviser of Mr. Lincoln. They have cap tured the private despatches of Secretary Stan. ton, General Grant, and ethers. They have cat the telegraphic wires connecting with this city, They have broken up the railroads, destroyed the bridges, and prevented all communication with the North except by the byroads and the sea. Conse quently, a few chance pedestrians or horsemen who may be willing to run the risks of capture in the attempt and passengers by the coast steamers are the or 4 persons on whom the Northern public can at !resent rely for information from Maryland and the Federal capital. It is remarkable under such cinumstar ces that no spark of patriotic ardour can fanned into a flame in the hearts of the border and Sorthern people. As regards Maryland, there is, per haps, no room for wonder, for Maryland is Southern in feeling, in prejudice, in interest, in affection, and hails the invaders as an army of deliverers. But Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York are dull, listless, and apathetic. The President calls for militiamen to defend the national capita], but the militia either plumply refuse, interpose vexatious delays, or hsggle for terms. The Federal Govern ment is like a man drowning in a river, but though there are scores of people on the bank, all able to swim, not one volunteers to save him, though seve ral talk to the half-suffocated wretch, and endea vour to extort a promise of some advantage to themselves to repay them for the exertion, and to indemnify them for the wetting of their clothes. Governor Curtis, of Pennsylvania, is both alarmed and indignant, and utterly at a loss to account for such lukewsrmness,—he will not call it cowardice on the part of his people. In a proclamation dated the day before yesterday, and addressed to the Mayor of Philadelphia and the people of Pennsyl vania, he tells them candidly that they are not responding freely to his and the President's demands; urges them to come forward " like zien," and "do their duty ;" accuses them of stupidity in not understanding the gravity of the circumstances, and "prays to God to enlighten " them, that the honour of their commonwealth may be preserved." But the people make no sign. The poor attend to their daily work as if nothing were amiss, and the rich send away their jewels, their plate, and their greenbacks to safer cities than their own, some even so far to the north as Boston, and some still further to Toronto and Montreal, out of F e deral jurisdiction altogether. They seem to think that Mr. Lincoln has raised and possesses soldiers enough to defend this country, and reso lutely re 'tise to do any fighting. The people of New - York are scarcely a whit more zealous. The Gover nor of the State—who is prosecuting before the recognised legal tribunals the Federal military authorities in this city, who have contravened and set at defiance the laws and constitution, which he, on assuming office, took a solemn oath to maintain —does not think it advisable to send to Washington the militia, on whom he may have to depend, should the Federal Government force a collision between the civil and military power; and while he orders by proclamation that the full complement of militia shall be raised in the rural districts of his great State as well as in the cities of New York and Brooklyn, which have hitherto borne the brunt of militia service both at home and in Virginia, he takes care to make it known to all whom it may con cern that he requires the men " in every county to be in a condition to enforce the laws of the State, support the decisions of the judiciary, to maintain peace end order, and put down resistance to lawful authority." The Mayor of New York, Mr Gunther, in a letter to Major- General Sandford, commanding the New York militia, breaks similar ground, and endeavours to persuade that officer that the true place for the militia is in New York and not in Washington. In this singular document be states " that in these times of general and local peril enlightened self-interest is emphatically the synonym of patriotism." Taking this curious aphorism as the basis of his argument, he further more states his " grave apprehensions" that the withdrawal of any considerable number of militia men from the city at this moment, when the depre ciation of the currency is bearing heavily upon the masses of the people, " might tempt the lawless and eviledisposed to avail themselves of what might seem to them a favourable opportunity for arson and plunder," and for that reason " earnestly pro testa against any material reduction" of the local force. It would almost seem as if the Mayor would as little regret a popular outbreak, if not too severe, as the orator who advised a mob not to nail a man's ears to the pump would have regretted their con tempt of his entreaty. The Mayor is well belaboured by the Republic, and gently reasoned with by the Democratic journals, for having drawn so alarming a picture of the state of the city, which, unless Mr Lincoln be too much occupied with his own sa f e ty at Washington to attend to it, may, perhaps, be made the pretext of de c l ar i ng martial law in this city. It is difficu l t, is vie w o f pu b lic utterances so s i gn ifi can t as these, and of the indifference, not to say the contempt with which Mr Lincoln's ap peals for assistance are everywhere received, to avoid believing that at last the people are losing heart in the war, and that if Mr Lincoln cannot repel invasion and conquer the South by the abun dant means already placed at his disposal they are coming to the conclusion that peace cannot be made too soon. There is no longer any enthusiasm for the war, unles s it be in the countinghouses of those who are makin g money by it. Even the churches have lost faith, a n d Dr Ch eever se es nothing but ruin in the wa r , if Ai r it. The f ore i gn element, Linealu t o be left to con ductflict Germans, which entry so of the Irish and so largely info the corn in New Y ork, is notoriously op position of soci e ty nosed to any further hostilitie s . A People who a veer ago spoke freely of the salaiugation et the South ' ve so changed their opinions as to declare pub ., not only that the South cannot be eee que „ d et that the North ought not to strive any lon spurpose s o f ata l to fi rs own liber lon b , er t o accomplish a • y Were the Americans other than they are, viere. ibi3 to oppreeiete their motives, and to ie tendency of their actions, as if t h ey -nehmen, Frenchmen, or other Europeans, if the hour of triumph of the Pollee party had come; that the public wer e pre pared to listen if any oae had the courage to speek, and that it on l y rea a ired a man of mark to take the lead to secure such an capresaion of the pubic will ex would speedily revolutionise the policy of the '•rorth and put an end to a war so deplorable in its It , ' and which 'hetory in its lick ? 0, traco worn E it would 8 conilact, eo unnt has become, what Mr. Lincoln said in 1861 that it would become, if the Southern people were wholly in earnest—not a mere blunder on the part of the North, bat a positive crime. Bnt the Americans are not to be comprehended. They do not under stand themselves, and do not admit that any one else can ; so it may happen that all these indica tions are uncertain, and that the accident of a day may again render the North as warlike as it was three years ago before it had tasted the bitterness or paid any portion of the penalty of strife. However this may be, the present symptoms are, if there be not speedily some sort of compromise with the South, some little return towards reason after the furious paroxysm of madness which has possessed the governing party for the last three years, that the old question of State rights, the discussion of which in the matter of slavery pro voked the war, will break out in another form and lead to a conflict of powers--(serious enough of be entitled to the name of a new rebellion. Governor Seymour, as will have been noticed in his proclama- 1 tion for calling out the militia, adheres to the prin ciple of the sovereignty of the State as equal within its own sphere to that of the sovereignty of the Union, and foreshadows the day when it may be tie ' cessary to vindicate it by force of arms. The great case which is to test whether the courts of law and the people are of the opinion of the Governor, that of the State and people of New York against Gene , . ral Dix and his military subordinates, came on for argument before Judge Russell on Saturday. it was urged on behalf of General Dix that having acted under the express orders of the President in arresting the editors of the World and Journal of Commerce, and in suspending the publication of those journals, he ought to be discharged from custody, inasmuch as the President is not only ex officio Commander-in-Chief of the Federal army. but that he had been specially empowered by Act of Con. gress to take such measures for the public 'safety in time of war as he should deem expedient. It was contended, on the other hand, on behalf of the State of New York that the Act of Congress in question is null and void, as being contrary to the Federal con stitution—that it conferred and could confer no such special authority as that alleged; that the State of New York is in profound peace and tranquillity, and therefore exempt from the operation of martial law ; that the constitution of the State especially pro vided against the imprisonment of any citizen with out legal process; and against any restriction of the liberty of the press ; and furthermore, that if it be• comes the duty of the President in the interest of the public safety to abrogate temporarily the ordi nary jurisdiction of the Courts, it is no less his duty to proclaim the fact before ; that he had not done so in this instance, and that for all these reasons the de fendants were guilty of the charge laid against them and liable to the punishment in that case pro vided. The judge, fally impressed with the vast importance of the issue, took time ter consideration and adjourned the further hearing till the Ist of August, allowing General Dix and his co-defendants to be at liberty in the meanwhile on parole. The case is full of peril if Mr Lincoln be as obstinate as his letter to General Dix would imply; and may lead to complications unpleasant at any time, but especially dangerous at an hour like this, when the near approach of the Presidential election is letting loose a flood of passions, in addition to these pro. dated lay the war, and calling into controversy every one of the principles by which the American Revos lotion was justified, and on which the Union itself was founded. Mr Fessenden arrived :n New York on Sunday to consult with the leading bankers and men of business on the aspects of the money market, the financial condition of the Government, and the means to be adopted to bring down the premium on gold and maintain the credit of the country. He yesterday met them by appointment, and listened attentively for several hours to such advice and hints as they had to give him, and such ex positions of the state of affairs as they chose to make ; but said not a word in reply which could afford the acutest among them the least clue to his own opinions and intentions. He had another long interview with the same gentle men to-day, and made an equally good listener as he did the day before. Having heard all they had to say he made a speech to them of an hour's dura tion, avowing his disinclination to announce any definite line of financial policy at a time of such public peril as this, and asking for a loan of fifty millions of dollars, to be repaid by the Ist of September. It was understood from his speech that he will not imitate the example of Mr Chase in favouring the erection of new national banks, and in ertieavouring to concentrate in their hands all the financial affairs of the country to the detriment of the State banks, which at the outbreak of the . war vied with each other in sustaining the credit of the Government. It was also understood that in addi tion to the loan of fifty millions, which if he procure it, will only pay the expenses of the war for about a fortnight, he will come upon the market for a loan of two or three hundred millions on the best available terms, and that if this second loan succeed according to his wishes he will print off no more greenbacks— at least for the present. The Republican journals favour the popular loan, and will call upon the Go vernment to offer it to the people in small sums, so as to enlist the greatest possible numbers of the working classes, the farmers, the shopkeepers, and the poorer order of provincial people in the sta. bility of the Government. The Tribune saes salva tion in this course alone and argues that if the people do not adequately support the Secretary in this emergency " the war must stop, and be Go vernment go down." It was supposed that the in vasion of Maryland and the danger of the Federal capital would have sent up gold to a premium of 200 per cent. to-day; but it has not reached a higher point than 176, being arrested in its upward ten dency, it is thought, by a rumour which is not likely to be well founded, that General Grant had captured Petersburg. There are, however, so many rumours afloat—some of them absurd, some contradictory, and some so utterly impossible to be true, that the one helps to neutralise the other, and to keep specu lation somewhat less rampant than it might bo— il no more and no less than the truth were stated, however unpleasant the truth might happen to be. JULY 13. As anticipated, the rumour of the capture of Petersburg turns out to be false. Nothing is known positively this morning of the events that have hap pened to the north of the defences of Washington since Monday evening, when a battle was still raging. It is not known who commands at Washington on the part of the Federals, though it is supposed to be Gen. Augur, while it is surmised rather than known that Gen. Early, and not Lee, commands the Con federates. Telegraphic communication with Wash ington continues suspended, and the only news that reaches this city comes from Philadelphia, tainted more or less by its Federal or Confederate parentage. To give a tithe of the rumours in circulation would but perplex and confuse the European reader, and I therefore refrain from repeating them. Grant, it is asserted, will not abandon the attempt upon Rich mond via Petersburg ; and the loyal people are told to expect a movement in that direction which will fully make amends for all that the Confe derates may do, or attempt to do, in Maryland and the district of Colombia. FATAL AFFRAY BETWEEN SOLDIERS.—At the Aldershot petty sessions yesterday, before Capt. Newcome and a full beach of magistrates, George Barlow, private of the 75th Regiment, was ch arge d w i th k i ll i ng and slaying Thomas Hutchins, a private' of the same regiment, on the ions L'aturday evening. p.s , v It appeared from the evidence that the deceased had been drinking with the prisoner and some other soldier at the Royal Duke public-house, near the north camp, when some words ensued between them, and the uriso.ex struck the deceased with hi s fi st b ehind the ear, which ' caused him to fall over some rails, and he did not again speak or breathe. The prisoner, when taken into cUstody, admitted the charge.' He was committed for trial. ----- 1-1 11 way's Ointment and Pills.— [ ADVERTISEMENT I — - ° trial to these trusty Tile d i.hearterted by ill health need not be inconsolabl,, tali they have honestly given a fair, is, that they are medicaments. One grand fact to b„ noted ,, us- both Ointment Lca - impotent to do mischief in any case and Pills are composed of the finest balsams, v w.hieb. purify, regulate, a n d strengthen the animal eeoz?om., • Every one .. .. may confidently recommend these remedies disease, aellieted by bad health; they will free them from to their friends desire. and confer on them the greatest good man Roth external and internal maladies have succumbed the persevering . use of liolloway's Ointment :!tat- 1 _ 1 : 1 , " i b_ed .,, T when the duration of some, and the excruciating I: 311 W O others, have defied ordinary measures, TEE MAIN DRAINAGE WORKS. Yesterday what may be termed the annual visit of in spection to mark the yearly progress in the execution of this stupendous undertaking was made by tho chairman and members of the Board of Works, a number of members of the House of Commons, the Sheriffs, many of the Alder men and chief officials of the City, with some of our leading engineers interested in noting the gradual completion of one of the greatest, and certainly one of the most important, engineering works of modern times. Mr Bazalgette, the engineer to the Board, the gentleman to whose scientific skill all the plans both for our new main drainage and our Thames Embankment are due, was, to the regret of all, un fortunately prevented by official duties before a Lords' com mittee from being present on this occasion. The party numbered between 500 and 600 strong, and were conveyed by two steamboats, which started from Hungerford early in the morning, calling at the various piers down to Wool wich for those whose time or business made it more conve nient to embark later and lower down the river. The visit was entirely confined to the northern and southern main outfall sewers, with their reservoirs, for we are glad to say the main drainage intercepting sewers are now nearly com pleted, and as they extend over the whole of the metrepoli tain area, and are 82 miles in length, any other way of in specting the works was out of the question. The whole system of the new intercepting plan of main drainage may be explained in a very few words. Before the Board of Works arose our efforts in the way of drainage were confined to the extremely simple expedient of running all drains into the Thames; in fact, of making the river our great main sewer, and how admirably our efforts suc ceeded the smell of the Thames in hot weather soon showed, Bad, however, as this system of drainage was, there was one thing even worse, which was the method of effecting it. The first drains and sewers made were in the old districts of the metropolis—that is, those districts which lay more or less close to the river on each side, and therefore the lowest in point of ele vation of any in the city. It was hard to drain these parts at all, and it had to be done by taking the sewers so very much lower that it was only at dead low water they could empty themselves. As London grew, every year added enormously to the extent and danger of the evil till scarcely any sewers could empty but at dead low tide, when the water in the river was at its minimum, and when the returning flood swept all the naueous " flotsam and jet sam" back into the heart of the metropolis and kept it churning baokwards and forwards for another six hours in the open air. What effect this at last produced we all know, though what no knows is why it did not bring a pes tilence long ago. It is enough, however, to say that the evil was so severely felt, and the danger so pressing, that the " intercepting" scheme of main drainage was at last adopted, is now, we are glad to say, nearly half executed, and will before this time twelvemonth be entirely corn • pleted, with the exception of the small length to be laid in the Thames Embankment. The intercepting plan, as its name implies, consisting in cutting three great main drains on both sides of the river, and which, instead of running due north and south I;ke the present system, run from west to east. These great main lines inter cept and cut off all the existing lines of drains from the river, carrying their con- tents away down to below Barking-creek and Erith Marshes, where they are poured into gigantic reservoirs and afterwards, when deodorised, turned into the river at high tide, and swept away by the ebb almost to sea. Thus, the sewage is not only turned out free of smell, but turned out into a body of water nearly 30 times as great as that into which it used to be poured, and, instead cr sickening the air at our very doors, becomes lost in the volume of water which rolls down between the marshes on each side of the river to far below Gravesend. On the north side of the Thames, the intercepting sewers are divided, as we have said, into three distinct lines, two of which, called respectively the high and middle level sewers, unite at and pass over the river Lea; and the third, the low level, after passing through the Thames Embankment, will eventually join them at the proposed pumping station at Abbey Mills. Three parallel sewers, called the northern ontrallrsewer, each 9 feet by 9 feet, are constructed as one work in a concrete embankment, and are carried by aque.ucts over rivers, roads, and rail ways, to the Barking reservoir. Oa the south side of the Thames there are three lines of intercepting sewers, which are also known as the high level, the middle level, and the low level, and these converge to one point at Deptford pumping station, where the sewage from the low level is lifted into the upper level sewers, and their united stream flows thence deep under Greenwich and Woolwich, through one outfall sewer, 1l feet in diameter, to the Crossness reservoir and pumping station in Erith Marshes. Three-fourths of London north of the Thames are, however, elevated so far above the river that the sewage can be conveyed by its own gravitation to the level of high water at Barking, and this is why the sewers aro carried in an embankment at such a height above the level of the marshes, and no pumping station is needed at the outfall. But on the south side the levels are so low that this cannot bo done, and therefore the outfall sower is under ground, and a pumping station is placed at its outlet to raise the sewage into the reservoir. The high, middle level, and ontfall sewers on both sides of the Thames are now, with the exception of a few very minor cuuurutivus and worko, oompleted. The low level sewer on the south side will be finished this year, but the short piece of the northern low level sewer cannot be com pleted until the Thames embankment is finished. About one-third of the metropolitan sewage is nowinierceptcd and discharged at the outfalls, and there can be little doubt that but for this the river would have been much more offensive this dry season than it has yet been. The areas drained by the three levels on the north side are as follows: Sgre Miles. The Northern High Lew: takes the drainage of Hackney, Homerton, Stoke Newington, Staru. ford-hill, llornsey, Holloway, Kentish-town, Hampstead, Highgate, and other localities, the total area of which is The Middle Level takes the drainage of Bow, Mile-end, Bethnal-green, Shoreditch, liingA land, Islington, part of the City, Clerkenwell, Holborn, Oxford-street, and from Bayswater to Kensal-green, and other localities, the total area of which is The Low Level takes the drainaga of Poplar, Litre house, Shadwell, Radcliffe, part of the city of London, Westminster, Pimlico, Chelsea, Bromp ton, Fulham, Hammersmith, and adjoining lo calities, the to:,al area being Total 5Ol The northern outfall reservoir is situated at the point where Barking-creek falls into the Thames, a little east of Woolwich, and 11 miles below London-bridge. This im mense work was entirely constructed by Mr Geo. Furness, under the superintendence of Mr Edmund Cooper, the resi dent engineer. The 'contract price for this great under ground hall of waters was £154,000. It covers an area of about 10 acres, and is capable of containing 6,243,000 cubic feat, or 39,000,000 gallons. Its depth is about 17 feet, and it is divided into four compertments. Three of these compart ments have already been filled with sewage, but the fourth was yesterday lighted up for inspection. This was the point which the visitors inspected first, for none were inclined to linger on the broad plateau of earth which covers the three other reservoirs now in use, and from the ventilating shafts leading into which the most nauseous stench came pouring out in such abundance as to make the visi tors almost fancy they were back on the metro politan part of the Thames in summer. They were, therefore, glad enough to descend into the reservoir which had not been used, and which was open for inspection and lighted up. It really presented a wonderful sight. In height and in the general position of its brick columns and the spring of its arches it was not. unlike the crypt beneath Guildhall, but the daylight was excluded, and its vast area was only indicated by little rows of coloured lamps, which marked the outline of the columns and curve of the arches, and which, twinkling away in the long, dark, silent distance till they became minute points of fire and nothing more, gave to the whole dim interior au aspect which was at once novel and solemn in the highest degree. Here and there were little blue points, where the shafts which communicated with the upper air let in a ghastly mockery of daylight, but beyond these, which seemed few and far between, amid the gloom there was nothing but the coloured lamps and endless vistas of arches, from amid which voices and echoes of feet come in a forlorn murmur. The Hall of Eblis seemed for once realised in this prosaic age, or, as the footsteps of the visitors strayed far and wide into the silence, called up before the imagination the pic ture of such a trans-Lethean Vauxhall as Pluto might reign over. A long time was spent in inspecting this wonderful interior, the gloomy beauty of which it is difficult to de scribe. In a few weeks it will be used as a reservoir, and can never again be seen with comfort and never again be entered at all. When the visitors had at last found their way to the little nebula of fire which the stars and devices in lamps at the end of the reservoir proved to be, Mr Cooper got on a platform and answered questions as to the nature and difficulty of the work, how the foundations often had to be carried as low as 28ft, how the penstocks or sluicegates would let the sewage in at one end and out into the river at the other. He explained how culverts had been made leading far out from the reservoir, almost into the bed of the river, which could be opened at any time when the deposit from the sewage became more than six or eight inches deep, the reservoir filled and then emptied so as to flush the de posited filth away down the river. Th, opinions of the most eminent chemists set little or no value on tho much diluted sewers which finds its way into these reservoirs as manure. But we should be inclined to think there could be no second opinion as to the value of the soft block deposit which set les from the sewage, and for which arrangements have been made to flush it into the Thames. From the beautifully paved floor of this reservoir it could be collected with ease by horse sweeping machines, and its value for cgricultural purposes might, one would think, at least be worth a trial. Before the deep excavations for this reservoir were made the marches were protected from inundation by the formation in the river of a coffer-clam, a portion of which still remains to protect the river bank. There arc 16 openings in the side of the outfall sewers through which the sewage flows into the reservoirs, as regulated by the eenstocks ; and underneath them are 16 openings, also re gulated by penstocks for the outfl dee of the sewage into the rive: at the ti me prescri b ed. The discharge culverts into the river in number, visible o n ly a t t h e time of low water—Lucy are nine number, and in front of them is a stone-paved apron, over which the sewage glides, without leaving any deposit, into the river. From the inspection of this stupendous work, which comes close in its magnitude and far surpasses in useful ness the great Egyptian rock-hewn temples of antiquity, the visitors proceeded to Crossness-point, where the southern pumping station and the southern reservoir are being com pleted. The first place examined was the pumping house, a spacious and handsome building—the chimney of which, nearly 200 feet high, is travestied into a kind of Campanile tower by the introduction of ornamental openings and wind runs in the sides of the square from base to summit. Here are the boiler-houses and engines. which are all of the most colossal proportions. The machinery provided is of 500 nominal horse power, consisting of four double acting eon densing engines, working two single acting ram-pumps or sets of plungers. The beams are 40ft long, thefly-wheels 27ft diameter and 50 tons weight each ; the cylinder is 48in. diameter and 9ft. stroke; and the plungers (eight to each engine) are 4min. 6sec. diameter; half of them with 4min. lOsec. stroke, and the remainder with 2min. 3sec. stroke, The pump-cases are 12it. diameter; the two delivery• troughs or outlets from the pumps are each 32ft. long, llift. wide, and 10ft. high. The 12 boilers are each 61t. diameter and 30ft. long. The engine-house is about 154 ft. long, and about 53ft. wide; the boiler•house about 112 ft. by 64ft. The chimney-shaft, when completed, will be about 200 ft. high ; the coal sheds extend along one side of the reservoir for a length of about 530 ft., and are about 48ft. wide. The entire area of the works, including the reclaimed ground and adjoining land, is about 36 acres. A telegraphic wire is fixed along the centre of the arch of the outfall sewer between Deptford and Crossness, so that in case of accident to the machinery or other works at either end the fact may be instantly made known an d ass istance procured. After the engine -house, the southern reservoir, close at hand, was visited. It was not lighted, except by a dim daylight just enough to enable a good idea to be gained of its solidity and great extent, It has an area of about six and a half acres, is 17 feet deep, and is capable of holding 4,340,000 cubic feet, or 27,000,000 gallons, in its four com partments, This great work, with all its surrounding buildings, is being constructed by Mr Webster, at a con tract price of £300,000. The engines for pumping are separately contracted for by Messrs Watt and Co., and are to cost £44,000. The drainage from the low-lying districts of Rotherhitho Bermondsey, Newington, Vauxhall, Wandsworth, Putney, and other places will be previously pumped at the station at Deptford Creek from the low-level sewer up to the high level sewers, which carry off the drainage of Nunhead, Dulwich, Norwood, Brixton, and Clapham. From Dept ford the united stream will flow through the outfall sewer to Crossness Pumping Station, where it will be lifted into the reservoir. The maximum quantity of sewage to be pumped is estimated at 8,000 cubic feet per minute, and the lift as varying from 10 to 20 feet. Triple culverts con vey the sewage to and from the pumps, and are built over each other to avoid the expense of separate foundation. The coarse of the sewage is from the outfall sewer along the low level culverts to the pumps; thence to the reservoir along the high level culverts; and thence either to the low water outlets, or the deep outlet, along the middle level culverts, into the river, In addition to the sewage which will accumulate in the reservoir between the periols of dis charge, the reservoir will provide for storing rain to an ex tent which probably will not be exceeded more than a few days in the year, when the overflow may take place at a less favourable time of tide. In order to deliver the sewage into the river under as favourable conditions as possible, the deep outlet is constructed with a series of 12 iron pipes, 52 inches in diameter, extending for a considerab:e distance under the fore shore. About 120 penstocks, or sluices, are fixed in various places, nearly 160 of the number being in the reservoir, For about 1,200 feet the river will be em banked by a retaining wall of brickwork, built on caisson foundations and capped with granite ; the wall will be backed up with concrete, and the reclaimed ground filled in and levelled. The contracts, both for the buildings and the engines, are in a forward state, and it is hoped will be completed by the end of the present year. Cottages will be erected for a superintendent and a staff of workmen, to resido at the works, so that constant supervision and attend ance may be given. After all the works had been gone over tbaroughly the visitors partook of a plain luncheon, at which the healths of Mr Thwaites, Mr Bazalgette, and other gentlemen to whom the execution of this great national work is mainly due, were drunk with great enthusiasm. An early return to town was then made. THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JULY 26, 1864. ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE. MIDLAND CIRCUIT.--NOTTINGEIAM, July 25. CROWN COURT. (Before Mr Justice Blackburn.) THE FISKERTON MURDER. Richard Parker, aged 29, was charged with the wilful murder of his mother, Elizabeth Parker, at Fiskerton, on the 10th May last. Prisoner was also charged with shooting his father with intent to murder him. Hannhb. Burden said she was servant is the pri sonees parents' family. • Prisoner was a butcher. On the 27th of March he asked his mother if he could go to Sheffield by an excursion train. She said he could if he liked, and he went away on Monday morning. Witness next saw him on Tuesday night whilst getting her tea along with Mrs. Parker. Prisoner came into the room, and his mother asked him to sit down, but he would not. His father came in at the time, and prisoner turned round and began to swear at him. Witness went out of the room to the back hitcher, and her mas ter stayed near the door. Prisoner came into the kitchen directly afterwards, and witness fetched Mrs. Haines, a neighbour. Witness remained in the street a short time, and heard two reports of a gun. Mary Haines said that she remembered the ser vant girl, Burden, coming to her house. She saw the prisoner and his father and mother. Mrs Parker had bold of the prisoner, and said he should not eY Were in the garden near the h tht h s. is father. Witness persuaded They Mr. P ar ker to go away, aad he went to the stable door. Prisoner went into the house and returned with a gun. Mrs. Parker said, " Oh dear, he's got a gun, and he's going to shoot." She then came towards witness. Prisoner put the gun to his shoulder and pointed it to where witness was. Witness, however, got out of the way before the gun was discharged. In a few seconds the other barrel went cff, and on wit ness turning rouud she saw Mrs. Parker lying on her left side. She never stirred or spoke. The top of her head was scalped, and wit ness thought she was dead. Prisoner passed his mother and witness in the yard and want to wards the Trent very rapidly. Witness sai4„ 44 Oh, Tom, you've shot your mother dead." H e muttered something, and went aw a y. Th e f a th e r soon after wards came up bleedin g . M rs P ar ker W4ll then taken into the house and a surgeon se nt for. Arm Rhodes was nea r P ar k er ' s h ous e at the time and heard prisoner's f a th er say to hi m , " You are a rogue, a villain, and a thief to me—get out of my house." She then saw the prisoner and the pri soner's father and m o th er come ou t of the house ; the mother was tryin g to separa t e the father from the son, the twe latt er squar i ng fi s ts. Mrs Parker said to the prisone r , it y ou s hall not fight your father." When they had done fighting they went from the garden t o t h e yard, an d s h or tly aft erw ard s witness heard tw o reports of a gun , an d imm e diately after heard prisoner say, " I have shot my mother, and I shall die like a pig on the scaf f old." Samuel Foster heard two shots fired through Parker's - window. The last shot struck the stable wall, and as the father was going to the stable he was struck on the head. Witness, along with the constable Barksby, captured the prisoner and took him to Southwell House of Correction. Thomas Cok e ass i sted i n c arrying Mrs P ar k er into the hou se . T he f at h er said to the p r i soner, " What have y ou done t hi s f or ?" The priso ner answered, "Y on s h ou ld no t aggravate me s o ." Th e gun lay on th e ground, I t use d to be k e pt l oa d ed. Witness found a quant it y o f powder and sh o t an d gave it to the police. Witness saw the prisoner the same night, and said, 4 4 You have shot yoar mother, and she will be dead before you get to Southwell.'' Prisoner answered, "It was a mere accident, and I shall die on the scaffold." He was very tipsy. By Mr O'Brien —Some years ago the prisoner received an injury on the hoed from falling off a horse, and when he had had drink he was not the same man. Elizabeth Birkett said that on the 29th March prisoner came into her house. He fastened the door and said, "Don't split." Witness said, "Split what ? "and he answered, "I have shot my mother dead. Hide me. I shall be hanged." Witness told him she had no place to hide him in, and he went away. the pri soner , Wi lD sa i d, Police C oust . .blo Barksby proved apprehending 'I know that I di d it ; it was pure accident. Is my mother dead r' Pri soner asked wit ness severa l t i me s whether they would hang him, as if so he should die l ike a pig. The shot used by the prisoner was partridge shot. Mr Cooke, surgeon, said ho had no doubt that death had resulted from the gunshot wound. Mr Sergeant O'Brien made an able speech for the prisoner, after which the learned judge summed up. The jury retired. and in a few minutes returned a verdict of Wilful Murder, with a recommenda tion to mercy on account of the prisoner's being in liquor. _ The Judge—Prisoner, have you anything to say? Priscner—Yes, my lord. lam not guilty of wil• ful murder. I had no intention of murder; it was an accident. The Judge—l quite agree with the jury. I firmly believe that you fully intended to murder your father as W3ll as your mother. The recommenda tion of the jury I will forward to the proper quarter. His lordship then passed sentence of death in the usual form, and the prisoner was removed. OXFORD CIRCUIT.—STAFFORD, July 25. CROWN COURT. (Before Mr Justice Shee.) THE MURDER OF A POLICEMAN. The four men who on Saturday were found Guilty of the manslaughter of the policeman Lyons at \Villenhall, under circumstances already detailed, but who had been tried for wilful murder were Ben. tented—Thomas Lockley, who threw the brick-end which gave the fatal blow, to eight years ; George Lockley, his brother, to six years; John Edwards, to six years; and Joshua Stanley, who had been by the jury recommended to mercy, to five years' penal servitude. The fifth man, George Willetts, was acquitted, and he remains to be tried on the charge of stealing the policeman's truncheon. WESTERN CIRCUIT.--EXETER, July 25. In consequence of the continued illness of Mr Justice Williams, Mr M. Smith, Q C., tried pri soners in the Nisi Prius Court to-day. THE ACCIDENT AT PLYMOUTH SOUND. The grand jury to-day ignored the bill against Major-General Hutchinson, charged with the man slaughter of George McCoy, a waterman. The de fendant was subsequently arraigned, and pleaded not guilt'. Mr. Lopes appeared for the prosecution, and Mr. Cox for the defendant. Mr. Lopes having briefly recapitulated the facts under which McCoy met his death, said having had an opportunity of seeing his lordship's directions to the grand jury, and the jury having thrown out the bill, he did not propose to proceed further on the coroner's inquisition. At the same time he might be allowed to express a hope that the cala mity which had resulted from firing at the Ply. mouth breakwater, and that after communications from the towns of Plymouth and Devonport on the subject, would have the effect of causing the autho rities for the future to adopt measures to prevent the recurrence of a similar catastrophe. After a few remarks from his lordship a verdict of not guilty was taken, and the gallant major was discharged. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS, is the fashion at the end of every session for the people to complain that Parliament has done nothing but vindicate the whimsical etymology of the old constitutional writers, and has only "spoken its mind." Yet within a few weeks after the three taps of the Usher of the Black Rod have put an end to the deliberations of the Com mons there is certain to issue from the Queen's Prin ters' publishing office a bulky volume, which every one is legally supposed to get by heart. When we say that Parliament has done nothing this session, we mean that the storms and tempests of Parliamen tary debate have passed away without shivering any of the big trees or bringing down any of the great edifices. We have not been handed over to the supremacy of the mob, nor committed bound hand and foot to the tender mercies of competing or combining contraMors. We have not been forced headlong into an European war, nor compelled to ruin ourselves by unnecessarily corning between the madmen who are tearing each other to pieces on the other side of the Atlantic. We have not even done in this one session everything that we might have wisely done, although we have certainly wisely re frained from doing many things that we have been unwisely urged to do. The fiercest contests have indeed sometimes produced the least result. But still there must be a residuum even from a burst soap bubble, and there must be a good deal left to analyse, examine, and to weigh when this session, which is now expiring, shall have no other memorial than its annual statute hook. The comfort or discomfort, the every-day life of the individual atoms, of the body politic depend perhaps in a much greater degree upon the little social ordinances which pass almost uunoticed and undebated, and which are scarcely known tie propositions until they are felt operating as laws, than they do upon the great contests of party. Jr will be - our duty from time to time to draw public attention to many of these small changes which have been wrought out by this Ses sion of Parliament, and which must gradually make their way into our daily habits. It was thought, and truly thought, so great an achievement of legis lation to enable a householder to send an organ. grinder from his door that both in the Commons and in the Lards loud cheers, as for some unexpected victory, welcomed the final stage of Mr. Bass's Street Music Bill. In no other country in the world, perhaps, would a nuisance so pitifully vexatious have required to be abated at such great cost. The resistance to this measure was the intolerance of hale, coarse men, of strong sinews, towards the weak, sensitive persons of over-wrought nerves. It was not that the strong men were intentionally cruel, but they did not believe in a species of suffering they had never felt. This little bit of grudged legislation which enables a man to send away from his door a noise that makes him frantic is to thousands among us a greater boon than Universal Suffrage, and Vote by Ballot, and Annual Parliaments, and Wages to Members of Parliament, all rolled up in one bill would have been to the three heroic tailors of Tooley-street. It is almost ludicrous to picture to ourselves the altered state of mind in which hun dreds, and even thousands, of persons in this city will open their front windows, now that they know the law has armed them with the power of handing over to a policeman those terrible tormentors who made life a burden to them. We hope they will not be disappointed, for it is just upon the cards that the police magistrates may even yet make the measure inoperative; and e much surer plan would have been to confiscate the, organ, which never belongs to the " musician," and thus to have made the master of the poor stroller the person interested in making him behave with consideration and civility. At the sacrifice of half a dozen organs this reform might have been effected without the aid of im prisonment, and without affording to any one the sentimental regret that— " The tyrants of this iron time Have deemed his harmless art a crime." We, however, accept this new piece of law as we find it, and only use it as an example of the strong interest that may hang upon minute acts of legisla tion which seem but as the dust and sweepings of the lawmaker's workshop. If people of sensitive nerves have reason to bless this Session of 1864, the people of acute moral sensibilities, who are fortu nately a much more numerous class, will also find something to satisfy them in the forthcoming statute book. There is no country in the world in which there is so much private refinement and so much public indecency as in England. The reason is that we scorn to touch immoralities of some descrip tions in the only way in which they can be effec tively dealt with—that is, in a spirit of compromise with a view to mitigate them by regulation. The Grand Master of the Templars would touch no heretic save with his sword, but he could not hack to pieces every Jew he saw, and we cannot by un compromising force bind human peesions and crush human vices, If we will not recognise them, we cannot regulate them, and we are forced into the oppos ite extreme of letting them alone. There can be no question that the H a y mar k et an d i ts neighbourhood are a scandal to any Christian country. All night there is held there a great street orgie which is unexampled in the world. It is true thet decent people need not go there, and it is not like the organ nuisance, which follows the physfcally sensitive man even into his innermost sanctum, and there torments him. To be grossly shocked by . it, the morally sensitive man must sit up all night and go to a distance from his home especially to undergo the pain of being shocked. But still it is a scandal ; it is a breach of good order, it is not . creditable to our i ns tit u ti ons , an d there is no teen s:on for such a scene. Sir George Grey has wade a praiseworthy attempt this Session to mitigate this nightly Haymarket Carnival. A bill now stands for the Royal assent which provides that ail refreshment rooms shall he closed between 1 o'clock in the morning and 4. As a general Pro position this seems to us to be very reasonable. Vice itself ought; not to complain of being sent home at 1 o'clock in the morning, and hermiess pleasure is never four: d seeking refreshment in the streets of London at a later hour. As a simple police rule we cannot thi.rk that any could be less objection able, and, with this in force, it may be doubted whether any other in addition to it is of much use, This interval of three hours will certainly starve out the H aymarket orgie. The difficulty, of course, is, in a city like this, to make any rule which shall out off the supplies from debauchery with.. out starving industry. We must not force a tired traveller to go to bed supperless in order to prevent Tom Mohawk from treating the room to " cham pagne all round "at 3 in the morning. Nor must we starve the hundreds of the hard-working men and women who come into town by break of day from all surrounding parts to supply the various markets with the food for two millions of mouths. The cabman must have a refugefrom frost and snow. If ever this metropolis comes to be governed upon the same principles, much of the heavy traffic which now wastes the business hours of the community will be performed soon after daybreak, and the men who have to bo about fur these purposes will re. quire breakfast-houses. There must be exceptions to any rule. Sir G. Grey has, we think, met this difficulty with success. After exempting railway stations and excluding inmates of hotels, he gives a power to the Commissioner or other chief officer of Police to grant occasional licences which will pro tect;the holder from the operation of the Act. It is evident that there must be some very elastic power and some very wide discretion Tested somewhere; and undoubtedly the police authorities are best able to exercise such a discretion, if they can be safely trusted with it. We cannot at any tour of the day or night throw a net over this great city, and be sure to catch nothing but profligates. There must be some power to distinguish, and that power is perhaps best vested in a well-watched police under the control of a responsible Home Secretary. Sir George Grey must, however, forgive us if we remind him that the best laws are of no use un less they are put in force. Sir George has shown his anxiety to render our metropolis more respec table at night; will tie not exercise the powers the law has lately given him to render it more pass able in the day ? Fleet-street is still occupied through all the business hours by a continuous string of carts bearing earth to the Thames Em bankment, all of which might be either carted in these long days before 10 or after 4 o'clock, or de• livered by water. Coal waggons in unbroken pro cession still block up Cheapside, as if its inhabitants required large fires in every room during the sultry weather, and empty cabs still " tout" for hire at a snail's pace. The City of London is still impassable by reason of impediments which have no necessity to excuse them—impediments which, if they are allowed to continue, will block up any streets, how ever wide, and render useless all efforts to provide new thoroughfares. All we ask is a little gentle energy, not the spasmodic energy which, repre sented by a rough policeman, savours some times of brutality, and which, by arousing sympathy with offenders, defeats the object, but the energy which provides a continu ous, well-sustained attention to the comfort of every one, and a prompt repression of ruffianism. Tacitus said of our German ancestors that with them good customs did the office of good laws. If the great historian could see our cabmen, and wag goners, and carters, and the shopkeepers who insist upon keeping the empty vehicles before their doors, he would, we fear, think that we had deteriorated in that innate respect for each other's convenience which renders laws as to small matters worse than unnecessary. These folk not only require good laws, but an active police to enforce them, and strong penalties certainly imposed for every act of boorish selfishness. POsT.—lt is to be hoped that we have now heard for the last time of the alleged tampering with the re ports of the inspectors of schools by the Committee of toe Council on Education. That the allegation was virtually groundless is now on all hands agreed; yet, notwithstanding, it gave rise to one of the most angry debates of the present session. It led to a vote which has now been formally rescinded, and caused the temporary loss to the country of the services of a man whom both friends and political opponents concur in admitting to have been most undeservedly censured. Mr Lowe is not, perheps, remarkable for possessing that most invaluable gift of a statesman, the knack of reconciling those who differ with him to measures which he is suffi ciently powerful to carry into execution ; but that he is a man of consummate ability and of strict in tegrity no one has even pretended to doubt. It un fortunately happened, however, that a discussion arose in the House of Commons regarding the man ner in which the department over which he pre sides is conducted, in which the conclusions pointed at certainly appeared to impeach his character for veracity. A charge was made, and that charge he met with unequivocal denial. The charge was to all appearances proved, and a man even less sensi tive than Mr Lowe might have concluded that he was thereby constructively convicted of falsehood. It was in vain for his friends to assure him that the inference was not justified, and for his adversaries to disavow all intention of putting any imputation on his honour : he resolved on resigning his official position. He availed himself, however, of the oc casion on which he took this step to explain to a very full house the circumstances under which the apparent conflict arose between his assertions and the evidence advanced by those who complained of the manner in which his department was conducted, and so clear and convincing was the statement which he then made, that, were it not inconsistent with Parliamentary usage, the resolution at which he had taken umbrage would have been at once re scinded. As this course could not be taken, and as at the same time it was manifestly inconvenient that a resolution should stand recorded on the journals of the house which had been passed under a misapprehension, Lord Palmerston moved that the entire matter in dispute should be referred to a select committee. Some discussion took place as to the manner in which the committee should be formed, but it was finally resolved that it should be composed of five impartial members, and not of 15 declared partisans. The report of that committee has been published, and, as was expected, it excul pates the late Vice-President of the Committee of Council from all blame. Last evening the Prime Minister moved that the original resolution should be rescinded, and that motion having been carried, the amour P 7 Pre of Mr Lowe is now satisfied, and the sting taken from the attack. so successfully di rected against him in the early part of the session. The discussion which supervened on Lord Palmer ston's motion did not touch the merits of the matter under consideration. No one pretended that the conclusions at which the committee had arrived were not just, and no one ventured to suggest that on the evidence submitted to the committee any other conclusions could have been arrived at. No one hinted that Mr Lowe was not a hardly treated man, and not a syllable of apology was uttered in defence of the singular manner in which the house had been brought to pass the resolution which has since been formally condemned. No one repeated the charge that the late Vice_Preeident had muti lated the inspectors' reports, and none professed to see any inconsistency between his formal denial of that charge and the interlined reports which Lord Robert Cecil, on the occasion of the first debate, circulated in the house. The objection last night to the adoption of the Premier's motion rested on grounds far different. It was too late in the session, it was urged, to call on the house to rescind a reso lution passed in the month of April. The large majority of members had now left town, and those who remained being for the most part connected with the Government, the result of the division could not be doubtful, and would consequently be valueless. For these reasons, therefore, and not bea cause the report of the committee was intrinsically objectionable, the Government were asked to post pone its confirmation until next session. The answers to objections such as these are equally simple and conclusive. If the Hcuse of Commons is prepared to concur with its committee in acquitting Mr Lowe, surely the sooner that the acquittal is formally recorded the better, and the paucity of members who took part in the discussion on the motion for entering it on the journals of the House cannot possibly affect the issue. But although it is certainly notorious that at this period of the session many members have already made their adieux to the Speaker, we do not think that they can fairly make what is a derelict ion of duty on their part a ground for calling on the Government to postpone what is confessedly an act of justice. There has been no surprise. The matter has long been under consideration, and abundant notice was given by the Premier of his intention to give a practical effect to the report of the select committee. But not merely Were the objections groundless, but they were ungenerous. Lord Robert Cecil's riends must know very well that if the House were as full es it was on the night when Mr. Dieraeles vote of censure was negatived by a majority of eighteen, the motion rescinding the resolution of the 12th of April would equally be carried. But they affect to think that in a small House at this period of the year the vote could not be satisfactory to Mr. Lowe, and that the censorious would have an opportunity for suggestin g that under other circumstances the result would be different. Thi s i s pure malice. They should not forget that the original resolutiona was carried at dinner-time in a very thin House, and under circumstances which had best be forgotten. Lord Robert Cecil s natched a victory by means which it is hoped he will not employ es:ain, and the v o t e o f t h e H ouse o f Coremons last night may bo regarded, not merely Ds acquitting the late Vice-President of the Com mittee of Council, but as discountenacing the sharp practice by which a vote of censure was obtained which was completely unmerited, THE WESTERN RAILWAY OF FRANCE. —The Pays, in speaking of the Western Railway station in the Rue St. Lazire, states that on Sundays 203 trains leave Paris, and the same number arrive, each having from 600 to 700 passengers and sometimes more than ],OOO, The other days are not ' much more quiet than Sunday, the departing trains amounting to 110, with the same number of arrivals, Extraordinary Shipwreck, The following letter is written by Mr Jacobs, United States Consul-Gene; al at Calcutta. Its statements would be incredible were they less authoritatively vouched for " Calcutta, April 20, 1864. The following is the statement of Wm. Palmer, late second officer on the ill-fated Elvina, which left Calcutta Dec. 22, bound for Boston. Her crew consisted of Nathaniel Andrews, Salem, Massachusetts, as master; his brother, S. G. Andrews, mate ; Wxn, Palmer, G. D. Blake, James Jordan, second, third, and fourth mates; John Tenylon, A. M. Bowden, Peter Nelson, F. Burger, G. Paterson, J. Anderson, T. Frasier, Thomas Brown, P • Johnson, John Wilson, Alex. Murphy, Jas. Williams, Jolla Lewis, seamen—and F. H. Hodges, Boston—James Sand ford, Boston—Campbell Weke, New York—Edward Lewis, Delaware—Robert Wiliest, New Orleans—Thomas Porter, New Jersey—William Riley, Portland—G. Chase, Ports mouth—Charles Scott, Wm. Jackson, East Boston—John Buckley, Brooklyn—Wm. Law, Maine—John Desmond, New York Consul's men sent home to join the navy. Fair and prosperous winds attending, moved them across the Equator in 24 days after losing sight of the landheads. The S.E. trades sprang up in G south, and all went pleasantly till the afternoon of the 19th. At 3of th e morn i ng of the 20th the spare maintopmast broke loose from its lashings, and, rolling back and forth ov er th e d e ck, s t ove i n th e cabin doors, the lazaretto, the water-casks amid s hip s , b ro ke (lowa the stanchions and bulwarks, and finally wen t over board, pounding heavily against the side. Everything within reach of the fatal stick was made a perfect wreck; torrents of water poured from the huge casks into the cabin and down upon the lower deck. The damage was done in a moment. The ship now listed suddenly to starboard, and would not right, owing to the shifting of the cargo or from the water already rushing into the hold through the opened beams. The hull was slowly sinking, but steadily, and the crew sprang overboard five minutes before she went down, leav ing the master and his brother alone, standing together. Together they sank, and were not again seen. Gaining the floating spars, the poor fellows rested for a few moments, until the cabin roof was driven within reach, upon which they clambered to the number of 11. The rest had disap peared. Here, tied to the spars, they lay down upon the sails, and the seas washed over them. At 7 o'clock the wind died away, and tearing a shirt in two they raised a signal of distress. Two pumpkins, solo relics of the ship's stores, were seen floating nigh, but not within reach, and they looked longingly upon them as they passed by. At noon the gale sprang up again, blowing furiously as before. The waves swept tumultuously ever the raft, carrying away two of their number. One, George Chase, swam back, and was assisted upon it, but soon turning black in the face from swallowing sea water, died. All through that day and night the storm continued, moderating towards morning. The sky was overcast the second day, but the wind went down and the sea became mere calm. The sun rose bright and clear in a cloudless sky the morning of the third day, and his beams beat fiercely upon their unsheltered heads. Maddened with thirst, in their agony some of them drank the sea water and died. The fourth day dawned with a sun though not so lustrous and ardent as before. Another died. The survivors cut off his legs, and ate for the first time since leaving the ship—they drank their own urine. Not a morsel had they eaten, not a drop of fresh water had they drunk for four days. The clouds gathered overhead on the fifth day, but the sun burnt them off and shone more scorchingly than ever. That evening one of their comrades slipped over the side, saying, lam going home, I can stay here no longer—l want to see my mother—come with me, we shall not be long away, and soon return.' They were too weak to prevent it, and he swam away. Far as their dim eyes could range did they wistfully watch him swimming. on, the sharks plashing their white fins by his side, till ho was lost in the distance. The sixth day came and went, and another died. The seventh morning found them hog ekes and despairing; too weak to stand, spiritless and exhivasted they lay feebly clinging to the spars, and another died. But three were left now of the eleven—and through the long forenoon did the burning rays of that terrible sun fall hotly upon them. At the last moment relief came. The French bark Claire, Robert master, discovered the raft, their signal fortunately flying, and despatched a boat to their assistance* Tenderly were they lifted into it, and from thence trans' ferred to the ship."—American paper. COUNTRY MARKETS. COLCIIESTER-JULY 23. At this corn exchange to-day there was a small sho wof wheat, which sold at prices against the buyer. Spring 0 111 dull at about former rates. Wheat, white. 46s 52s Beans,Mazagan..33s 349 red 43s 49s middle & small.3sa 38s Barley —s —s Peas, white 35s 3 ° 9 Oats GLOUCESTER-JULY 23. There was a fair attendance of farmers at market to -day. With a much better supply of English wheat, which sold at the prices of last week. Foreign wheat in moderate demand, with no alteration in value. Barley 6d higher. Oats very firm. Peas advanced about is per qr. NORTHAMPTON—Jimv:23. An average show of wheat to-day, and sellers obtained Is per qr more money. Not much barley showing, and with a moderate demand, last week's rates were realised. A fair business doing in beans at an advance of Is per qr. —White wheat, new, 40s to 445; new red, 4Us to 4`.N old, 38s to 40s per qr. Barley, new malting, ',As to 36 5 — grinding, 26s to 33s per qr. Oats, 19s to 3Us per 24 stone. Beans, 35s to 38s. Peas, 35s to 37s per qr. CHELMSFORD-JULY 22. We had a moderate show of wheat on offer at our mar ket to-day, and the trade was steady at last week's vow" tions ; best samples is more money. Other articles about the same as of late. Wheat, old white 30s 46s new 43s 47s old red 34s 37s new 36s 40s Barley 25s 33s Chevalier 26s 36s Grinding 20s 288 Malt 6ls 67s Chevalier 64s 68s Oats 20s 26s Peas, Partridge 3Gs 3 88 White 303 346 Boiling 3Bs 4 26 Dun 31s 355 Ditto new —s ---s Beans, Tick, old 34s 365 new —s ' - ' 8 Harrow Ticks 34s 305 new —, ..-6 blazagan 286 335 KIRKCALDY GRAIN—Jru 23. We had good supplies of wheat at market, but small of oats and barley. Prices were about the same RS last week. Wheat. Barley. Oats. First....37s 6d 26s Gd I ISs 6d Second —39 s Od 29s Od 20s Od Third...4ls Od —8 Od 210 Od COAL 111... Prloos of Coal per_Ton at LICKET. the oloae of the market. P. 41' s. d. Byass's Bebside West Hartley ..17 Hastings Hartley 17 worth Melton Ga 5..... 14 Eden Main 17 Holywell 15 Tanfield Moor Butes l3 alker Primrose 13 Wylam 15 Walls End. Haswell xenonl9 ° Hartlep00l East Hartlepool ...... 18 n ' Hefloe . South Kelloe 18 0 ° Heugh Hall 18 South Hetton • • , Tcan s ßelmont ssotpai i ....................... 1 1 11 78 7 9 ; 13 Byron 17 ~ i Framwellgat© Walls End. Gosforth l7 Harton 17 Braddyll's Hetton 18 Btcwart's 18 Ships at market, 119 ; sold, 101. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton Aug. 11 via Marseilles .., Aug. 1 .. Brazil and Cape Verds, by British packet,. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, a n d St . Helena Aug. July 2t. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton Aug. 2 via Marseilles July 28. Falkland Islands July 29. Gibraltar, via Southampto n India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Aug' 2. via Marseilles July 28. India (Bombay), via Southampton July ' 26 ' via Marseilles July ,i• Portugal.... Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton July 26 ; via Marseilles July r• Newfoundland Oporto and Vigo U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet.... July 2 5 ' by U.S. packet.... by Canadian packct.July -dn. All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, } Ju l y 29, C,,lifornia. and British Columbia. Births. CLE7E.—On the 24th inst., at Gillingham, Kent, t he wife of Majo r St ewar t Cl eeve , ,51st Light Infantry, of II son. WARD.—On the 25th inst., at Peckham, Mrs. Henri 4 Ward, of a daughter. WELBY.—On the 24th inst., at 23, Rutland-gate, the 0 1)111 Mrs. Welby, of a son. Marriages. _ BOYLE—PEPYS,—On the 23d inst., at St. George's, if over-square, Gerald E. Boyle, h the eldest son of ~,r Hon, John Boyle. to the Lady There s a P e py s , (laug' of the first Earl of Cottenham. lIILL—WATsoN—On the 20th inst., at All Saints' Claurcbv Leamington, Hilary Hill, Esq of Worcester, to Froo e l Eliza, second daughter o f F . P . Watson, Esq., Rutland House, Leamington. Deaths. CATOR.—On the 235 i ns t., Ad m i ral Bertio Cator, aged 77. HARRissorr.---On the 21st inst., in London, Everson n o ' risson, Esq., of T o l et h orpe H all, county of Rutlan d, aged OS. ; JENKIN.—Ou the 20th i ns t ., M r. Charles Lewis Jenk.uf of 51, Lime-street, city, aged 63. KmanT.--On the 10th inst., at Ealing, George Knig ht ' Esq., aged 63, NUBBS.—On th e 25th i nst., Samuel Edward Nu bbs, of the Fleece, Leather. market, Bermondsey, aged 45. PIKE.—On the 235 inst., at 10, Hanover-street, Edinburg Mr. William Pike, silk mercer. numlcK.--On the 22(1 inst., in Buckingham-street, Gee' Steuart Roebuck, sq., aged 57. London : PrinZed and Prbilshed by WILLIAM ANDRE; of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tnr. Sur Offic3 No' /1,7 Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, Jia the (102 3, 1 AtidOlfiex.—TueWay, July 20, 1801. I